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A joke and a comment:
Joke, 2 Argentinians see each other after a while, one says to the other, "Che" I haven't seen you for a while, where have you been, the other one answer, "che" I went to Italy, the 1st one says Italy, wooww that is awesome and how was Italy?
Che Italy was fine, I loved it, the only think that caught my attention is that there are a lot of Italians with Argentinians last names....jajaja.. full EGO...
Going back to the comment(China):
5 or 6 years ago the head(rector) of Beiging(Chinese) University was in Peru and a news guy interviewed him, there is a question that the guy answered that stayed on my mind for ever.
The news guy asked;
What do you think is the difference between "latin" america, china and the US.
The Chinese guy said something like this:
If you have mice(mouse in plural) in your house will go this way:
1. If you are American you will call pest control, call the professional and they will take care of the plague.
2. If you are from China, since you are not rich as the Americans you will get a cat to deal with the mice explosion.
3. If you are from Latin America, you will discuss with your family and friends for ever what kind of cat you need, the color, the size, type of hair, and after months of discussion the plague will end controlling your house and trowing you out, so you will call uncle Sam to deal with the mice problem.
That analogy was so accurate, we are very good with words though really bad when it comes to put our shit together, we disappoint.
For example Mercosur, Argentina and Brazil putting each others tariffs, and they are suppose to have free trade and be in a Union, Argentina pushing to get way more than Brazil should give them. Is like Greece bulling Germany in the EU. Or Brazil stepping on Paraguay as the tiny nation was its colony, paying almost nothing for Itaipu's electricity while easily Paraguay could sell it to Chile or Argentina and get way more money.
Though when you go and listen to the Mercosur submits, the grandiosity dominates, all talk about brotherhood, unity, open borders, is just pathetic when it comes to results.
I have a lot of faith in the UNASUR, thought I prefer to deepen the relations in the AXIS, Colombia-Peru-Chile-Mexico and then expand from it, cause waiting for Mercosur to play its role in history will be a waste.
Mercosur always disappoints.
To perguntador
You are right again.You ended up remembering more of "The Perfect European" qualities than I, a European ...
And thank you for your kind comments on my opinions on Brazil; I don't deserve them. It's just that I love Brazil. Besides being my preference, I have strong personal reasons for it.
And so back to China and South America, as you say. Obviously it's the right of any South American - or anywhere else - country to trade with the nations they choose. I can only see advantages in more multilateral trade: it's better economics, it spreads progress, it spreads understanding, it promotes peace.
European countries do a lot of trade with China and my own country is a frequent importer of Chines goods.
One thing will have to be careful about but that will slowly improve: China is, for the time being, technologically and legally not as advanced as your usual suppliers and the quality of their goods can be erratic. Many things will be just fine, others will be disastrously below acceptable standards. That will improve with time: Chinese are good learners and know when they make errors.
Just keep on trading with them and everybody else.
After all is the Brazilian tradition. Am I wrong or was the freedom to trade with other nations one of the major incentives for the Brazilian Independence movement?
The deal is simple.
The Spanish guy is freaking out that Central and South America is finally walking with its own feet.
Yesterday Mexico proposed Brasil to create a free trade zone between the 2 of them, Mexico said it very clear that the 2 heavy weights will do better united than separated.
Hopefully Brazil listen and put together this free trade zone area.
With the economical union of Mexico and Brazil the rest is simple, Argentina will follow, then Colombia and of course Peru and Chile.
IF China wants to be our commercial partner, welcome China, come and dance our salsa-samba.
Just to remind some people:
Population of the Americas:
900 million people
Population of China:
1350 million people
Mexican GDP PPA Percapita:
15000 dollars
Brazilean GDP PPA Percapita:
10000 dollars
Chinesse GDP PPA Percapita:
almost 6000 dollars
Why should we be afraid of China? On the contrary if we are smart we can really profit from them as Peru and Chile are doing. Read the numbers: 1 Brazilian equals 2 Chinese, 1 Mexican equals 3 Chinese. Am I right? Yes.
We are richer than the Chinese and we also have less people, always remember that, if the Americas become one, absolutely is the riches place on earth. And our land is wayyyyyyyyyyyyy bigger than theirs.
If you see the trade between China and the US is almost free trade, the duties that both pay are low to international standards.
China is welcome to do business with Central and South America, free trade will make both our economical areas more successful.
I hope China enters into the brawl of Israel-Palestine and gain the status of real world leader unlike USA, USA has long been playing the game of solving conflict while continuously supporting apartheid and Israeli terror on innocent unarmed civilians.
Besides, It's good to have a Axis of Unity than Axis of Evil, which the evil president used to call.
Now that you brought up the Italians, I guess it was something in the line of: concise, objective as an Italian :-)
btw, fine advice you gave to Spanish Diplomat. You have been always an example of something I often remark in these forums, when it comes to articles about Brazil: some foreigners usually have a more balanced and clearer view of Brazil's problems and achievements than my own countrymen (I guess the same applies to the hermanos of South America, and some of their once colonial masters, too).
Now, how about coming back to China and South America? Would The Economist be kind enough to print a briefing on Spain and its former colonies, so as to provide a suitable forum for Spanish Diplomat and his many foes?
Good. Now China and Iran can take in all the citizens Latin American countries so conveniently export to work overseas and send cash home. Let their new allies pay for all their social services without reimbursement.
@Spanish Diplomat:
You are wrong again my friend:
This country (Argentina) doesn't hate Spanish or any other European citizen in fact you should know better than none one that countries like Argentine counts with large population of Italians, Spanish, Germans, French, Irish, Scottish, Russians, etc.
More than 95% of its population are descendents from one of these countries.
"white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%"
And on the contrary to what happen in Europe they are always welcome to live, work, etc. in this country.
Argentineans doesn't kick immigrant's bottom and say Gallego go to your country we don't want you here.
As you do in Spain with the Peruvians.
But having said that you should know that this doesn't mean your country (Spain) or any other has any kind of influence here.
Sorry Dutch for my example but a have to illustrate my Spanish friend on what not to do.
Imagine if I can make friends in Netherlands by telling them that Argentina is the most influential power in the Dutch crown. Because Princess Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti is Argentinean.
Oh Dio..
The Dutch will kill me and with reason, this is just arrogance and stupidity made in UE.
Your country (Spain) instead will be selling this image to the world what reflects your fragility and the powerless of the nation in the political world.
Britain is another example of that.
Always showing up her special relationship with US seem dogs following its masters for a bone. Ha ha. Sorry but is funny.
I have another Joke referring to Argentineans made in Spain:
The Argentinean:
Hey Gallego (the way Argentinean call the Spanish friendly) when the boludos (like a stupid guys) are coming?
The Gallego think twice and said:
I don't know when mate, but I can tell you that all are coming on an Aerolineas Argentinas flight.
Hahaha its funny hahaha.
By the way this was not about China and Latam where are the Chinese?
I think they are reconsidering our partnership after reading these posts.
If it weren't for Chavez the inclusion of Iran in your article would not be an issue. As far as China is concerned, their only interest is raw material and Latin America is right to tend to this new wealthy client. However, it still amazes me that the US continues to neglect its "backyard" on pretty much all issues. Despite Latin America's traditional ambivalence to the northern neighbor, the US can still correct what you refer to as tilt in your article. The Obama administration has a golden opportunity to do this as many on the continent become disenchanted with the populist, bankrupt policies of leaders in Venezuela and Argentina mainly, and see examples of mature leadership in Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Peru and Colombia. I hope Obama rises to the challenge.
Spanish Diplomat
"King Juan Carlos, and in general, everybody, was right to tell Chávez to shut up. It was Spain's time to speak and Chávez kept talking and talking and, above all, he was saying nonsense and abusing others."
In the case in question, Chávez was complaining about the support the Spanish government provided to the attempt coup in Venezuela, but appeareantly, the idea that Spain has no right to interfere with the internal affairs of its former colonies really upset king Juan Carlos, who showed not to be prepared to treat another head of state with the due respect.
Just to make one thing clear, I have nothing against Spain, on the contrary, I am a deep admirer of its culture, but the racist way spanish authorities treat immigrants is unacceptable, and contribute to create a very negative image of that country.
What infuriate the US most about the Latinos is the Argentinian agreement to settle their trade in own currencies and thus bypassing the US dollar hegemon. Hopefully the agreement will put an end to more than a century suffering of Latinos from the vicious cycle of financial crisises generated from dollar up and down swings and also from crisis precipated by greedy moneymen in NY and London.
To Sanmartinian,
thank you for your advice and your comments. You have certainly told me interesting things.
As for the feelings of the people over there, you can rest assured my "public" behaviour is not that agressive... My tongue is as "sweet" as it can be... My last sentences were meant to provoke here, and I would never say them in public.
I know some people do not like us (well, this is too subjective to be counter-argued) or, simply, dislike us (most of them for ideological bias). Part of the problem, in my experience, is our accent and way of speaking, which is deemed too harsh, frank and direct by many Latin-Americans, who are used to softer and subtler ways of expression. That is the way we talk to each other in Spain. However, some people believe we are mad at them when we, simply, are talking the usual way -for us- to them. This sometimes creates a bad atmosphere which is not difficult to dissipate.
I have also met other people -not many- who actively dislike us out of myths and psychological or ideological complexes. This is quite frustrating while dealing with them.
The overwhelming majority of people remain, however, extremely friendly and nice to us. And that is the reason so many people in Spain feel interested and fascinated by Latin-America.
The US stands for free trade. If China trades more with Latin America, fine. We hope that all prosper.
Does Latin America need more Russian arms? Russia recently sent two nuclear bombers there. Traditionally, Latin American wars have been small. It is up to Latin America if having bigger and better wars is really in their interest.
The article is mistaken when it affirms that the goverment of Ahmadinejad opened an embassy in Uruguay, there is an iranian embassy in Uruguay long before his goverment.
To bloxar,
Thank you for telling me the joke.
Even if unfair (all jokes are unfair...) it made me laugh.
To make up for it I'll tell you a joke Englishmen used to say about me and my countrymen:
"Never say «How do you do?» to one of them. They'll reply with details of all their ailments...2
Apparently, we are known as hypochondriacs...
But definitely the best collection of nationality jokes I know are those told by the Brazilians about the Portuguese.
They are famous in Brazil and Portuguese love them too even if sometimes they complain they exaggerate too much.
Eight line from bottom:
"We are also welcoming Europe..."
Should read:
" We are also welcoming immigrants from outside Europe..."
Blast my eyesight or these writing boxes, whichever is at fault...
To Spanish diplomat,(your post of August 15, 20,19 Spanish time)
Hope you don't mind my writing a couple of serious lines.
Your last post is masterly in information and forecast.
Thank you for it.
Sadly, your last three lines fully confirm the Perfect European joke.
I do not think you imagine the disastrous reaction this type of statement provokes on the ordinary citizens of Castillian (the name most of them use, not I) speaking American countries. Those statements fuel the disdain many of them feel for what Spain stands for.
Please avoid such statements.
I'm European like you; I know from reasonably to very well many American countries and speak fluently all the four main European languages spoken there (I even manage some rather execrable Dutch). I have many friends in several of those countries and have heard countless others express their views on Spain's policies to Iberian America and their citizens.
As a friend of Spain and their peoples, as well as an interested party in the European Union, I am almost as keen on the survival of Spanish culture and influence in the world as you are. But the way you go about it is far more likely to destroy than maintain it.
Allow me to comment that diplomacy (I presume you are a professional diplomat) is not only about the technicalities of hard and soft power, trade and cultural treaties, influence or chancellery niceties. Like practically all professions it's about understanding the others, their wishes, their lawful ambitions, their limitations.
Above all, it is about respecting them.
Among the many wonderful qualities of the Spanish people, your culture tends to miss the importance of this point. Spanish officials (and general citizenry) tend very often to say or, worse, to act in the tone of your last three lines.
Please do not let such an atmosphere creep into your relationships with other nations and particularly those who speak the same language.
I repeat you cannot imagine the violence of anti Spanish feeling peaceful and well cultivated people in Spanish speaking American nations can voice when they realize that despite my reasonable central Spain accent (which they mistake for the real thing), I am not a Spaniard.
When Spain joined the then European Community a British journalist wrote something to the effect that many "older" Europeans were afraid of the undue influence Spanish diplomacy might have in the EC's proceedings. She added: don't be. Spanish diplomats and bureaucrats tend to bang the table rather than say please when they want something and that will make their life difficult in Brussels.
I'm not an expert on the subject, but the little I know indicates she was very right.
Please, at least you, diplomats of The Kingdom of Spain, learn to know the idiosyncrasies of others, respect them, always use acts and words the others think are appropriate and never, never, never again repeat your last three lines.
The permanence of Spanish culture, influence and good will depend a huge lot on that.
Personally, I'd feel very sad and much poorer in spirit if the influence of Spain diminishes.
Just a word to my many friends in the Americas (Latin or otherwise) where I was always received as if I was one of them (I always felt like it, too): all large human societies, be they countries, groupings of countries, regions, whatever, have their share of excellent people, reasonable people, so-so, idiots and criminals. It is only their percentage or influence that may vary.
The vast majority of present day Europeans belong to the civilized classes that treat and respect other citizens as they should be : human beings. This is all the European Union is about: we united above all not to have more wars on this continent. I'm not sure we'll succeed but we are trying hard.
We are also welcoming Europe, reciprocating what the American countries did for us long ago. Most people I know in Europe, and certainly in my own country, are treating outside citizens, particularly from South America as very welcome human beings who are enriching our culture and economy. There are of curse many exceptions, unfortunately. Please ignore them: they are not what the European Union tries to be. And be selective: visit and choose to work in the places known for treating better visitors and workers from your continent. That will teach the others to become better Europeans.
Spain in 1985 when it joined the European Community(Now EU) was poorer than Mexico is right now.
Thanks to German and French taxes Spain is what it is now.
England is a funny case, they are just professional pirates, and they will always be, as soon as India really become a power, the British are going to dump Uncle Sam. They are the ones destroying the EU dream of becoming a Federal State.
Britain is a nation that has always been smart on its foreign relations, not loyalty to anyone, just plain business. Sucking other nations natural resources. A real smart nation.
Hopefully uncle Sam wakes up sooner and realize than its place is in the Americas.
Hopefully the EU finally dumps the UK from the union. Otherwise the EU integration will be over.
"America for the Americans(Canada to Chile)"
The joke is:
Buy an Argentinean for its real price and sell it by the value he thinks he has.
Or something like this. Ha ha ha ha it's funny.
I just wonder how much I will get for Spanish diplomat?
Can we make 800% profit? Surely we can. hahaha
@Spanish diplomat
Your are a joker now?
For your record:
Argentina after WWII plays a mayor roll if foreigner policies do I have to teach you about history?
Argentina was the only western nation to fight against US/Britain and Russia Hegemony in the world.
Was the only western nation to claim in favor of Germany when US, Britain and France want to exclude them as a nation after WWI.
Argentina bailout Britain when they owe us 1bn pounds (a lot of money at the time) because they couldn't pay us back the debit.
During the Spanish civil war Argentina received Spaniards refugees and help the Spanish, Italian, French, etc with food in the harder time after WW1 WWII because your were starving at the time.
How Europe did pay back Argentina's actions?
In the first opportunity you have got participate with US and Britain to ban Argentina's exports to Europe.
Britain portrait Argentina as the new Nazis threat because she didn't want to declare war to an European country as Germany.
The first opportunity you saw Argentina weak try to get all the advantage you can.
In 2001 your Asnar puppet (that before where here to ask for support as candidate) don not recognize Argentina anymore and lunch his warning about what can happen to Argentina if cannot pay its debts.
So my friend who needs friends like this?
And for your:
"As for Spain in the Americas, whether you like it or not our national interests are there and you are no one to exclude us from the game"
We can exclude you whatever we want as we did before and there is nothing you can do about it, sorry.
So my warning to Europe:
Think how would be the life in Europe without food, water, oil and raw materials.
I just wonder who is gonna help you this time mate.
The Americans are tired of you too.
To perguntador,
Yes, you are right: open handed as a Dutch, funny as a German, flexible as a Swede but I still can't remember Italy and Austria.
And in fact, it was Europe at fifteen, not twelve.
To Spanish diplomat,
I don't know the joke about the biggest business on Earth. If it is appropriate to these pages do tell us. It will certainly be more interesting than many of the postings on this thread. At least some of the serious ones.
I'd love the joke about Spain to be mine but it isn't : some bureaucrat - probably a diplomat - in Berlaymont pulled that one out.
Oh! By the way: as you may not follow other serious debates here, I believe I'm known as a great lover, well wisher and admirer of Spain. I was also love to laugh at my own expense, my own country and that of my two eldest grandsons. Most of their countrymen and women love that too.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Simple App using IMAP and PHP
Closed - This job posting has been filled.
Job Description
I need to develop a simple app in PHP that will do the following:
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Please include the word "Ninja" in your first sentence of the application so I know you have ready this.
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CANCELLATION BY YOU: Should you or any member of your party need to cancel your booking or any part of it once it has been confirmed, you must immediately advise us in WRITING. Cancellation charges are payable as set out below except where otherwise stated. These charges are calculated from the date the written notice of cancellation is received by QueensLander. Travel Protection Plan premiums and amendment charges are non-refundable in the event of your cancellation.
Cancellations are very costly and usually do not occur in time for resale of the cancelled travel event. If cancellation in writing is received by Queenslander more than 90 days prior to travel departure date (or 120 days for certain travel events), the deposit will be returned.
For cancellations received within 90 days of departure date, the following per person cancellation fees apply:
89-71 days prior to travel departure date: 65% of total price;
70-31 days prior to travel departure date: 90% of total price;
30 days to departure day or later: 100% of total price;
Higher cancellation fees apply for certain travel events. Ask us about travel and cancellation insurance.
If QueensLander has arranged your flight(s) (which is a completely separate booking from your land vacation), and if flight changes are requested after the deposit has been received or if flights are canceled after tickets are issued, revision fees or airline cancellation charges will be applicable. Refunds for air arranged by QueensLander may take up to 90 days.
If QueensLander cancels a travel event, we will refund all monies paid to QueensLander; there is no additional liability other than what client has paid for trip cancellation or air arranged outside of QueensLander Tours. Refunds may take up to 90 days depending on travel event. QueensLander cannot assume responsibility for any additional costs or any fees relating to the issuance and/or cancellation of air tickets or other travel arrangements not made through QueensLander.
FORCE MAJEURE: We regret we cannot accept any liability or pay any compensation where the performance or prompt performance of our contractual obligations is prevented by reasons of circumstances amounting to 'force majeure.' 'Force majeure' means any event which QueensLander or the supplier of the service(s) in question could not, even with all due care, foresee or avoid. Such events are likely to include war or threat of war, riots, civil strike, terrorists activity, industrial action, disease, natural or nuclear disaster, Act of God, fire, adverse weather conditions, closure of airports or ports, governmental action and all similar events.
DELAY: We regret we are not in a position to render any assistance in the event of you being delayed at your outward or homeward points of departure. The airline concerned may however be able to provide alternate flights etc. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ARRIVING ON TIME TO POINTS OF ORIGINATION DESIGNATED BY QUEENSLANDER OR QUEENSLANDER AGENTS.
SCHEDULE CHANGES: If QUEENSLANDER is notified, prior to your departure, QUEENSLANDER will advise you of any relevant schedule changes to your itinerary. While QUEENSLANDER will endeavor to assist you with any such changes, QUEENSLANDER is not liable for any additional expenses you may incur through a change in itinerary.
TICKET REFUNDS: QueensLander will return unused tickets to the airline concerned for possible refund. Upon receipt of refund authorization QueensLander will forward you a check less any applicable cancellation or administration charges. Refunds usually take 6-8 weeks but isolated cases can take longer. No refund will be give in respect of unused tickets or vouchers unless they can be obtained by the supplier. Where ticket refunds can be obtained, there will an administration charge of between $15-50 depending upon the complexity and the value of the transactions.
Gratuities for your Tour Captain, local guides, and hotel porter are included in your QueensLander Tours package for most departures. Gratuities for your motorcoach driver, room steward and wait staff (while dining) are at your discretion.
SPECIAL REQUESTS: If you have any special request, please inform us as soon as possible in writing and preferably at the time of booking. Although we will endeavor to meet any such requests we cannot guarantee to do so. Failure to do so will not be breach of contract on our part. We cannot accept bookings that are conditional on the fulfillment of any special request; and such booking will be treated as a 'normal' booking. Concerning Frequent Flier Programs, please advise us of your membership information at time of booking. We cannot supply copies of tickets for post travel retrospective claims.
IMPORTANT NOTICES: All published prices (unless noted otherwise) in this or website reflect a 3.5% discount for purchases made with cash/check. There are no discounts for sales made by credit card.
PARTICIPANT AGE REQUIREMENTS: An adult must accompany travelers who are less than 18 years old on the tour and cruise departure date; the child may receive a discount on the land tour price. We do not accept children under the age of 8 on any escorted tours or cruises, because we have found they are too young to enjoy these vacations.
LIMITS ON QUEENSLANDER INTERNATIONAL's RESPONSIBILITY: QueensLander International LLC, its employees, officers, directors, guides, travel event captains, staff and agents, does not own or operate any entity which is to or does provide goods or services for your travel event. It purchases transportation (by aircraft, coach, train, vessel or otherwise), hotel and other lodging accommodations, restaurant, ground handling and other services from various independent suppliers. All such persons and entities are independent contractors. As a result QueensLander International LLC is not liable for any negligent or willful act of any such person or entity or of any third person. In addition and without limitation, QueensLander International LLC is not responsible for any injury, loss, death, inconvenience, delay or damage to personal property in connection with the provision of any goods or services whether resulting from but not limited to acts of God or force majeure, illness, disease, acts of war, civil unrest, insurrection or revolt, animals, strikes or other labor activities, criminal or terrorist activities of any kind, overbooking or downgrading of services, food poisoning, mechanical or other failure of aircraft or other means of transportation or for failure of any transportation mechanism to arrive or depart on time. There are certain inherent risks in travel of the type involved with QueensLander International LLC. These include, but are not limited to, risks of river cruising, hiking, walking travel events, inaccessibility to medical attention and difficulty in evacuation from remote locations in the case of a medical emergency. travel event participants assume all such risks with regard to these possibilities.
ARBITRATION AGREEMENT: Any controversy or claim arising out of or relating in any way to these Terms and Conditions, to the Responsibility Clause, to the website or , or any information relating in any way to the trip, or to the trip itself, shall be settled solely and exclusively by binding arbitration in Colorado.
TRAVELER'S REPRESENTATIONS: The Traveler represents that neither he nor she nor anyone traveling with him or her has any physical or other condition or disability that could create a hazard to himself or herself or other members of the travel event. QueensLander International LLC reserves the right to decline to accept anyone on a trip. QueensLander International LLC reserves the right to remove from the trip, at his or her sole expense, anyone whose condition is such that he or she could create a hazard to himself or others, or otherwise impact the enjoyment of other passengers on the trip. Airlines used are not to be held responsible for any act, omission or event during the time passengers are not on board their planes or conveyances. International air carriers are subject to international air conventions limiting their liability. The limitations of liability are contained on the reverse side of the airline ticket and form part of the terms and conditions of this package. The passage contract in use by these companies, when issued, shall constitute the sole contract between the companies and the purchaser of these travel programs and/or passage.
Service Area
United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand & Mexico
Alternate Business NamesQueenslander International LLC
Customer Review Rating plus BBB Rating Summary
BBB Customer Review Rating plus BBB Rating Overview


text:
What pre spotters - stain spotters do you have in your regimine
I have 2. I use Bac-Out that I just spray the collar, etc before it get's thrown in the hamper.
Oxi Clean Spray for spot staining everything else that I might see that I have not *dwelled* with Bac Out that is coming out of the hamper for a wash.
New Baby in Town. Tons of staining here and there.
Doing washes quite often to boot ;-)
Most of my stains are food, usually greasy stuff. I put a small amount of Dawn dishwashing liquid on the spot - just enough to saturate it. Great for breaking down grease and oil on clothes and wildlife. Not too much or you can get suds. Then I apply some of my regular Method detergent over that and let it sit for a few minutes. It takes out everything I have tried it on.
I love Bac-Out for odors in the garbage can and bathroom but never had very good luck with food stains.
Used to have P&G's spray but couldn't tell much of a difference. A cold fill heated to warm or hot along with powdered detergent does the trick for me. If I feel like soaking something, I'll just add some liquid detergent into a bucket with warm water and let items soak while the first load is washing.
For sunscreen on golf shirt collars, I have to use Charlies Soap all-purpose cleaner. I think it is the indoor/outdoor formula, and I dilute it to half strength. Sunscreen is nasty stuff.
My poor hubby is allergic to something in "Shout" stain-pre-treat spray. Most likely the perfume is the irritant. The CS does a decent job and hubby has no more rashes on his neck.
I can't say the CS works well on greasy/fat stains, though. I have had a few do-overs in that area. Liquid Persil and even basic 'original' Dawn dishwashing liquid do a good job on those.


text:
Sugoi RPM Thermal Womens Jacket - Road Bike Shop
Road Bike Shop
Product Search Results For "Sugoi RPM Thermal Women's Jacket"
|Pearl Izumi Select Thermal Barrier Jacket - Women's
It's part of the cycle -- the days get shorter, and summer's heat gives way to winter's chill. But your riding season doesn't have to end just because the mercury has dropped. That's why Pearl Izumi built the Select Thermal Barrier Women's Jacket. Its highly weather-resistant fleece construction...
Price: $119.95
|Sugoi RPM Jersey - Short Sleeve - Women's
While there are plenty of options for the dedicated racers, riders who want competition-quality jerseys without the tight fit or major price tag are often left with compromised designs. Not so with Sugoi's RPM Short-Sleeve Women's Jersey. It not only looks sleek, but its proprietary technical...
Price: $64.95
|Sugoi RPM Jersey - Short Sleeve - Women's
The Sugoi RPM Jersey is part of what appears to be a larger initiative on the Canadian manufacturer's part to create a line of cycling clothing that doesn't look like cycling clothing. When the commute to an event benefits from the wicking and breathability of cycling clothing but the destination...
Price: $64.95
|Sugoi RPM Men's Jacket - Men's
When packing is paramount, you need an ultralight shell. Or, more specifically, you need the Sugoi RPM Jacket. While it's highly-packable, this jacket doesn't sacrifice weather protection in favor of convenience. Sugoi's RPM Jacket relies on its HydroSheild fabric to stop wind and rain in its...
Price: $129.95
|Sugoi RPM Men's Jacket - Men's
When it comes to cycling, the transitional seasons are the best of times and the worst of times. The weather can be so shifty that hour one of a ride is in sunshine, hour three in rain, and hour four in a strong wind. The Sugoi RPM Men's Jacket blends functionality and stowability in a package...
Price: $109.95
|Sugoi RPM Spyn Shorts - Women's
Spinning indoors can get hot and sticky, and often wearing a full kit is stifling. The Sugoi RPM Spyn Shorts feature fun details and wicking fabrics for all-day indoor training. Constructed from a lightweight, moisture-wicking material, the shorts are designed for both on and off the bike...
Price: $69.95
|Sugoi RPM Tank Jersey - Sleeveless - Women's
Spin class requires wicking, cycle-specific gear, but standard jerseys are often overkill. The Sugoi RPM Tank Jersey is the perfect solution with its technical fabric and form fit. It was constructed from soft fabric that wicks perspiration away from your skin to keep you dry in the heat of class...
Price: $59.95
|SUGOi RPM Tri Shorts - Women's
Sugoi's RPM Women's Tri Shorts take you from the swim to the run to the bike in comfort. Sugoi constructed the RPM from Triflex fabric, a blend of nylon and spandex. Triflex is lightly compressive, which helps to minimize muscle fatigue, while the short's streamlined design reduces drag in water....
|Sugoi RS 120 Convertible Jacket - Women's
Fall and spring can be real tricksters when it comes to volatile weather conditions, throwing the best laid plans of cyclists into indecision when trying to dress for a multi-hour training ride. Fortunately for us, the same must be true of Canadian weather, because the folks at Sugoi developed...
|Sugoi Versa Bike Jacket - Women's
Formerly offered only in a cut designed for runners, the Sugoi Versa Jacket for Women has made the transition to the bike. It has been a staple for the ambulatory for some time, but now Sugoi has updated the functional performance that so many of us have come to rely on with a bike-specific fit...
Price: $124.95


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Well, worked a shift watching bottles whip by at Tree brewing in Kelowna. Hmm.. One of the few jobs where you can drink a beer while at work, get paid and take free beer home.
Also, I guess I have a new source for grains, etc.
By the way, quality control rocks. Except the bottles whipping by can make you either dizzy or somewhat mezmerized.....
I may not be an expert, but I did stay at a Holiday Inn Express........ 6 months ago.http://www.homebrewtalk.com/f39/denn...9/#post1766281http://groups.homebrewtalk.com/Tapro...ook_Repository
Oh yeah, for those of you who don't know who the heck Tree Brewing is, they are the makers of HopHead Ale.
I was trying to figure out why y'all were throwing beer bottles at trees (not that I ever needed a reason), but I finally figured it out! Sounds cool.
Can you get the recipe for Hophead? I've done a pretty good clone so far, but I'd like to know theirs.
PS I'm coming out this summer to get grain from you so start stockpiling!
Once the wind has been broken, it cannot be fixed.
I prefer the Dogfish 90 and 120. Hop Devil is not too bad either. I very rarly get a Hop Head down hear. But its ok.
Why yes, yes I am a metrosexual!On taps 1,2&3: Una Mas Cerveza, Ham in a Can, IPA Primary: XINGU Clone, Rye P.A.2ndary: Low Gluten IPA, Bourbon Oak Aged Vanilla PorterKegged: Sh*tty Orange Hefe, Una Mas Cerveza, Smokin Hot Blonde, Belgian DubbelNext up: Una Mas Cerveza, Pecan Pie


text:
Catering Broward Review
Yelp Review: First, thanks Yelpers for helping me find Miami Grill Catering. I was throwing a party last week and when the guest list grew to 50 rsvps I began to look for a caterer. Antonio was super helpful and suggested a caja china pork dinner with all the fixings'. They worked with in my budget and voila, a delicious, whole lechoncito set up poolside at my home by Jaime and Chris. At my budget level I was expecting some tin foil trays and styrofoam containers. Instead, they presented the feast (there was enough for 60!) on expertly set tables in covered and heated chafing dishes, served everyone, and then packed it all up, leaving us the leftovers, and cleaning everything up afterwards. Oh, and they were polite, intelligent and almost part of the party. Professional from start to finish, and delicious. I can't wait to have Miami Grill Catering out to my house again next time I want to entertain - trust Yelp!
Broward Catering Services
We have been catering Broward County for years. And because of this, we have built a lasting and strong reputation. People love our food,
and they appreciate our service. We provide some of the best food in Broward County and some of the most professional catering services around.
Our mission is to provide top-notch catering services to those in Broward County and Ft. Lauderdale. To have a company picnic in the park and
have it catered, it is important to select the best caterers around. That's us! At Miami Grill Catering, we specialize in providing some of the
best food in Broward, as well as some of the most professional catering service.
Whether we are catering Broward County or catering Ft. Lauderdale, we always follow the same mission. It is the one that has made us one of the most popular companies when it comes to catering Fort Lauderdale and the whole Broward area. We start with the freshest, highest quality ingredients, and professionally prepare our dishes from scratch. Our chefs are well trained and know the ideal way to prepare food. But it doesn't stop there, we also provide some of the best customer service around. Miami Grill Catering has helped many companies plan the best corporate picnic and provide the tastiest food. In fact, we have helped them serve up some of the best food in Broward County. We have helped many other people over the years, and we are ready to help you too.


text:
"Was really suprised of the quality of these jersey , good quality" (E13976)
"Very well constructed team bat bag... heavy duty. Parachute clips on this one make it quick to roll-up and go." (E14857)
"Just the right size for our U9 girls, they love them. " (E12416)
Sarson USA Milan Coaching Shorts [E26048]


text:
Modern technology is a wonderful thing in my assesment but
I also feel that the potential for dehumanization, depersonalization,
and dependence often outweigh it's benefits.
The question to ask yourself is where does your life fit in the
equation? Are you a slave to modern technology or do you
use it's advantages to your advantage.
Anything can be taken to far if allowed. Everytime a new
form of tech. is invented (usually for the betterment of mankind
with good intentions)...we all know what the road to hell is paved
with... there is always someone willing to develope insidious
applications from the tech. The modern technology is not wrong
or evil in and of itself but only the applications it can provide;
the same as guns do not kill people... people kill people. You
take away the guns and people will still murder people. Always
have... always will. With that said, I do not fear modern tech
as a principle but as a potentially intrusive necessity that has
the capability to bite if taken apathetically.
You dont need to live in a bubble, run to the hills, or throw
your computer away (although there would be enrichment to
be found, and has by many people who finally woke up to
what was around them) but take everything with moderation.
I would be happier if people were at least aware of the potentially
dehumanizing applications modern tech can pose and still did
nothing to modify their lifestyle than to not recognize this at all.
It's often the snake you don't see that bites you.
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Keepin Technology In perspective
Modern Technology
Started by stoic , Jul 26 2004 06:58 PM
Started by stoic , Jul 26 2004 06:58 PM
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HELP HAITI NOW INC Reviews
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Help Haiti Now is a micro-charity that has been working in Haiti since 2005. Help Haiti Now is a non-profit 501c3 organization founded and directed by Rachel Quirk. HHN is all-volunteer and operates with minimal administrative costs. www.HelpHaitiNow.org
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Thursday, April 4 2013
Townes Van Zandt: Sunshine Boy - The Unheard Studio Sessions
The brilliant cult singer-songwriter's peak creative moment gets new light in this double-CD, which captures his joyous highs and near-mystical lows.
Thursday, October 11 2012
Sing a Sad Song
If you're hooked on the sad song, you never stop looking for the next good one.
Monday, November 21 2011
Vanish Valley: Get Good
Vanish Valley is already there.
Wednesday, October 26 2011
Vanish Valley: Get Good
Vanish Valley is already there.
Monday, April 20 2009
Steve Earle - "To Live Is to Fly" (MP3)
Thursday, June 21 2007
To Lives To Fly by John Kruth
Knuth also shares several direct quotes from Van Zandt in which he consistently maintains that he was simply a medium for songs.
Thursday, March 9 2006
Townes Van Zandt: Be Here to Love Me [DVD]
Belonging to the ragged Texas country tradition with his roots in something deeper and timeless, Townes Van Zandt's poetic narratives and haunting melodies came from the dusty side of the road, from the motels and trailer parks rather than glossy Nashville studios.


text:
David Hernandez likely needs Tommy John surgery
Mar 28, 2014, 11:45 AM EDT
The latest pitcher headed for Tommy John elbow surgery is Diamondbacks reliever David Hernandez, who was diagnosed with a torn ulnar collateral ligament.
Ken Rosenthal of FOXSports.com reports that Hernandez will seek a second opinion, but surgery is likely and would cost him the entire season and perhaps some of 2015 as well.
Hernandez posted a career-worst 4.48 ERA last season thanks to serving up 10 homers in 62 innings, but his 66/24 K/BB ratio was very good, he had a combined 2.94 ERA in 2011 and 2012, and he posted a 2.16 ERA in eight appearances this spring.
Arizona has devoted a lot of money and resources to the bullpen under general manager Kevin Towers, so the Diamondbacks are relatively well-equipped to handle the loss of Hernandez, but he was slated to be a primary setup man for closer Addison Reed.
- sabathiawouldbegoodattheeighthtoo - Mar 28, 2014 at 11:49 AM
Didi could fetch them a sweet setup man if need be. Now if only they had a few pitchers who could START a game they would be all set.
- banksatdixie - Mar 28, 2014 at 12:04 PM
Guy looks like Gronkowski
- scoutsaysweitersisabust - Mar 28, 2014 at 12:56 PM
Didn't we cover this yesterday?
- migoli - Mar 28, 2014 at 1:04 PM
I would like to know how many his have needed TJ in the last 6 months…. It's got to be way way above average
- baseballisboring - Mar 28, 2014 at 1:36 PM
Clearly his UCL wasn't gritty enough. Cut him.
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text:
be proud of Class of 14
This great custom product in black from our department Men and Hoodie category can be printed just for you in the size and style you like. The design CLASS OF SWAG/14 (RED WITH BANDS) was created by NineAteTin and uploaded to Spreadshirt for you to have printed on a Hoodie. Next to a host of other great customized designs, you can find this CLASS OF SWAG/14 (RED WITH BANDS) design in Spreadshirt's Quotations category. If you are interested in topics like 13 or 14, then you'll love CLASS OF SWAG/14 (RED WITH BANDS) designs by NineAteTin. Spreadshirt also offers a huge selection of custom t-shirts, hoodies and accessories for the category Quotations as well as top 15 clothing. NineAteTin's designs have already impressed many of our customers, so we are sure that we've got right stuff for you! Spreadshirt is your destination for great designs of all kinds – whether it's 13, 14 or 15. We are sure that you will find something nice in our shop, there are many amazing custom Quotations t-shirts, hoodies, or accessories for you to find! Tags: Design ID: 11701045
Nah Rosa Parks Quote T-Shirts Designed by The Shirt Yurt
AUTISM Designed by greatideas
Autism Puzzle Ribbon T-Shirt Designed by PinkInkArt
Love Baseball Designed by NaviDesign
everyday i fight shirt stuart scott T-Shirts Designed by dizy
Autism Awareness Owl Women's T-Shirts Designed by homewiseshopper
Llama ( Phish ) T-Shirts Designed by tesb1118
US Flag T-Shirts Designed by ComeAndGetMe
Ultimate Pi Day 2015 T-Shirts Designed by tshirtster
This Hanes classic is comfortable, stylish and versatile. Perfect as an outer or under layer, the men's hooded sweatshirt has become a staple in any wardrobe. Kangaroo-style front pocket is perfect for your phone, keys or anything else you want to stash.
still to fill


text:
Eva Longoria and Tony Parker Divorce Finalized
In Touch Weekly quoted a friend of Longoria who said, "The divorce documents will come through today [Friday], she is happy and moving forward with her life."
TMZ reported that Longoria's lawyer quietly filed papers Friday to dismiss the divorce petition she filed in LA County Superior Court. Longoria and Parker agreed that Texas was the proper place for the divorce because that was where the prenup was signed.
The pair had been together for seven years, and all seemed well with the couple until Longoria filed for divorce in November last year, citing "irreconcilable differences" as a reason for the split.
Longoria found out that the San Antonio Spurs point guard had been inappropriately texting Erin Barry, the wife of one of Parker's teammates, for nearly a year, which he admitted to Longoria after she confronted him.
It's been a tough couple of moths for Longoria. She recently filed for bankruptcy on her Las Vegas restaurant Beso. Since opening just two years ago, the restaurant had accumulated upward of $5.7 million in debt, despite grossing $14.6 million last year.
Recently, the 'Desperate Housewives' actress had been seen out and about with none other than Penelope Cruz's little brother, Eduardo Cruz. There has been no official word on whether the two are dating.
PopScene: Weeks Hottest Pics
- Filed under:
- Celebrity Fights -
- Splitsville -
- Eva Longoria
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy Bella
You gotta give it to people like Eva and Sandra - cut those ties with a husband who is straying! Move on to bigger and better things girls. You are worth so much more than the way he treats you.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy god72father
They r moving on but they will end up in the same situation because they attract guys who cheat.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy Jack
I couldn't agree more Bella, & if Eva wants something bigger & better she can call me anytime!
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy Cutie
.of course TX over CA the divorce laws don't split things down the middle.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy BarbG
Good for Eva, dumping the slimball snake. She can do much better.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy Patrick
Could never understand why these guys just can't keep their rocket in their pocket.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy ed hill
Too bad it didn't work out, sometimes bigger is not always better !!
- Monday 31 January
That broad's only going to make the same mistake again. She'll try to find the sexiest hunk she can get her hands on and think she can keep him from straying. With so many floozies throwing themselves at every handsome dude they see, there's no way a guy can resist them. History will repeat itself. Women just don't get it. Especially guys into sports, are always giving off signals that they're gifted studs and have to have as many women as possible before they keel over dead from steroid consumption. That's just their nature. Eva should consider herself lucky she was able to put a leash on him for all those years. I can only imagine how he must have suffered being trapped in a monogamous relationship for that long.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy New York
These women could have anyone they wanted. They are intelligent & have lots of self respect. Why a sports figure??? I doubt very much if either will marry beneath themselves again. Trust is the most important element in any relationship. Once it's gone so is the respect. It's never the same after that.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy Hmmm
It was all fantasy in the first place. Sooner or later fantasies crash. Tony lubed her and used her. Yes sir he "maled" her. He licked her, sticked her and sent her on her way.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy michael
It's call marriage.
Anyone who thinks marraige is some sort of heaven,
is DELUSIONAL...
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy joe
Who even cares. She should have known shew wqould never be his only.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy donna
Listen Joe everyone goes into a marriage thinking the one they marry will be the one and only....so don't act so STUPID!!!!!
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy Allan
Eva, call me.....lol
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy Jake
She divorced him because he was txting another woman? Seriously? That is no reason to divorce someone! Next thing you say is going to a movie or riding in a car with another women/man is grounds for divorce!
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy MacD
Tony you lost a lovely lady. What a dope, keep it zipped and you would have had it made.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy charleyvldm9
All men stray because they dont get sex often enough,at least once a day.Most beautiful women are frigid.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy redhead
people consider me beautiful, and i am not frigid. i have been married for almost 30 years.
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy GPK
- Monday 31 JanuaryBy Bonbon
She is so pretty, what did she want with that load?
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text:
In a variable power telescope gun sight, provided with stadia and aim point at the rear focus between the ocular lens and zoom system, an aim point is located above the optic center and correlated with bullet trajectory. The distance of off set of the aim point is such that, at minimum power, the aim point is zeroed relative to the stadia for impact at minimum range, this usually being the point blank range of the projectile, and at some higher power relative to an increase in range the projectile is again zeroed, in that the projectile impact and the aim point coincide. The novel telescopic sight and method of its use are based on the observations that (1) between approximately 1/3 and 2/3 maximum range and maximum range the trajectory of a high velocity bullet is substantially linear, (2) that as magnification is increased the aim point will appear to move downwardly toward optic center and (3) that the low power and some higher power of the telescope, respectively, can be correlated with a zero at the minimum and maximum range, respectively, with reference to the stadia. Correlated in such manner, changes in magnification, in the optic sense automatically set the aim point for firing without any necessity of the observer knowing the actual distance to the target.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
nited States Patent [191 Spence Jan. 1, 1974 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC RANGING WITH VARIABLE POWER TELESCOPIC GUN SIGHT [76] Inventor: Mack L. Spence, 716 Dawes Dr.,
Denham Springs, La. 70726 [22] Filed: Nov. 8, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 196,698
[52] US. Cl 356/21, 350/10, 33/246 [51] Int. Cl. G010 3/20 [58] Field of Search 356/20, 21; 350/10; 33/246 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,811,894 11/1957 Braker 33/246 X 3,684,376 8/1972 Lessard 356/21 3,492,733 2/1970 Leatherwood 350/10 X 3,213,539 10/1965 Burris 350/10 X 3,386,330 6/1968 Burris et al. 356/21 3,506,330 4/1970 Allen 356/21 X 2,734,273 2/1956 Blindenbacher et a1 356/21 3,431,652 3/1969 Leatherwood 356/21 UX Primary ExaminerDavid Schonberg Assistant ExaminerPaul K. Godwin AttorneyLlewellyn A. Proctor [57] ABSTRACT In a variable power telescope gun sight, provided with stadia and aim point at the rear focus between the ocular lens and zoom system, an aim point is located above the optic center and correlated with bullet trajectory. The distance of off set of the aim point is such that, at minimum power, the aim point is zeroed relative to the stadia for impact at minimum range, this usually being the point blank range of the projectile, and at some higher power relative to an increase in range the projectile is again zeroed, in that the projectile impact and the aim point coincide. The novel telescopic sight and method of its use are based on the observations that (1) between approximately 15 and 34; maximum range and maximum range the trajectory of a high velocity bullet is substantially linear, (2) that as magnification is increased the aim point will appear to move downwardly toward optic center and (3) that the low power and some higher power of the telescope, respectively, can be correlated with a zero at the minimum and maximum range, respectively, with reference to the stadia. Correlated in such manner, changes in magnification, in the optic sense automatically set the aim point for firing without any necessity of the observer knowing the actual distance to the target.
7 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures ERECTORS 81 MAGNIFIERS FRONT OPTICAL m T k LENS ZOOM SYSTEM RETlCLE OCCULAR LENS j PATENIEBJAN 1W4 ERECTORS 8x FRONT FOCUS MAGNIFIERS RETICLE +-2| 22 2O OPTICAL m \M OBJECTIVE CENTER OCCULAR LENS ZOOM SYSTEM LENS INVENTOR. MACK L. SPENCE 1 Y E n N (k R o (w m N Q L L V x m Y B METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC RANGING WITH VARIABLE POWER TELESCOPIC GUN SIGHT Apparatus and method for automatic adjustment of the aim point of a variable power telescope with changes in magnification, with consequent changes in the bullet trajectory, without any necessity of the observer knowing the actual distance to the target. The aim point appears to move downwardly with increasing magnification, this allowing power increases as range increases, as is desirable for precision of aim.
Telescopic gun sights have been long known in the art, and it has become commonplace for sportsmen to mount such devices on small fire-arms, particularly rifles. In the standard telescopic gun sight there are two points of focus at which a reticle, or device which carries an aim point, e.g., cross hairs, can be located, viz., at the front focus or rear focus. In variable power telescopes it has now become most desirable to locate the reticle at the point of rear focus so that as power is increased, the apparent size or thickness of the reticle is not magnified, such as would tend to obscure the target.
Recently introduced telescopes which include a variable power or zoom element include the above described improvement in reticle location, and also builtin rangefinders of various types. In most telescopes now on the market, various indicia defining an aim point, e.g., the point where the vertical and horizontal lines of cross hairs intersect, is located within the telescope at the exact optical center (the point which does not move when power is changed). In most commercial variable power telescopes, once the range has been determined by use of the built-in rangefinder, the observer holds over the target to compensate for the difference between the range at which the telescope and rifle are zeroed and that estimated for the range of the target, and then fires.
A telescope with a built-in rangefinder of the above type, now in wide commercial use, is described in US. Pat. No. 3,386,330. In the telescope described therein, a target of known size is precisely circumscribed between stadia wires, and by change of power or magnification, the distance of the target from the observer can be read from a scale. Knowing the range, the observer can then select the magnification desired and then hold over the target to compensate for the difference between the range at which the telescope and rifle are zeroed and the distance to the target as determined by the known ballistics of the type of cartridge used, and then fire. The aim point is the optical center of the telescope sight which is held over the target by an amount esti mated to compensate for the trajectory of the bullet, or bullet drop. The. time required for adjustments of power, to estimate range, return to a desired magnification and mentally compute hold-over obviously have their limitations.
Devices are now described, e.g., in US. Pat. Nos. 3,340,614 and 3,492,733 which automatically adjust the trajectory of the bullet simultaneously with power changes, i.e., the steps of changing the power for framing a target between a pair of stadia automatically adjusts the trajectory for firing without any necessity of the observer knowing the actual distance to the target. Telescopic sights have thus been pivotally mounted in relation to a gun barrel so that power adjustments made in framing a target between a pair of stadia raises or lowers the telescope with relationship to the barrel to align the optical center of the telescope upon the target after the adjustments are completed. Hold-over is unnecessary, and after the target is so framed, and the mechanical adjustment for trajectory thus made, a pair of stationary cross hairs, one horizontal and one vertical, which cross at the optical center of the telescope, is then sighted upon the target, and the gun fired.
US. Pat. No. 3,431,632 also described a telescopic gun sight wherein power adjustments automatically compensate for bullet trajectory without there being any necessity of the observer knowing the actual distance between himself and the target. In the device described, a scale ring is used to elevate and vertically space a pair of movable horizontal cross hairs to circumscribe a target of known size. The aim point defined by the lower horizontal cross hair and a fixed vertical cross hair is automatically set at the proper elevation to fix upon the circumscribed target. The above patents are technically superb, however, they require major modification to current design of telescopes or mounts and the non-stationary mounting gives rise to accidental displacement by rough service or the introduction of foreign particles between cam and stationary mount stud.
The telescopic gun sight embodied by the present invention obviates many of these disadvantages and provides further improvements over these and other known prior art telescopic sighting devices.
Among the objects of this invention are:
To provide a new and improved variable power telescopic gun sight which contains a rangefinder, or stadia, and means for changing magnification power while simultaneously automatically adjusting the reticle or aim point to compensate for the trajectory of the bullet, whether or not the actual distance to the target is known.
To provide a variable power telescope of the character described wherein the reticle or aim point is located in a vertical plane above the optic center of the telescope, and an exact relationship is provided between the eccentric reticle or aim point and an external ring which operates to produce magnification or power changes such that increases in magnification causes the reticle or aim point to move downwardly toward the optic center of the telescope thereby optically compensating for the bullet trajectory at increased ranges, whether or not the actual distance to the target is known.
To provide a telescopic gun sight of the character described wherein the relationship between the external ring which operates power magnification changes and the reticle can be easily adjusted to match the type of ammunition used.
To provide a more durable telescopic gun sight of simple structure, particularly one wherein there are no complicated mechanical adjustments to be made by changing the alignment between the telescope and the gun barrel during ranging and firing.
To provide a new and improved reticle with rangefinder of design particularly useful for fitting to targets of various known sizes (from small game to that of elk or moose size), adapted for rapid and efficient use by the observer, capable of both vertical and horizontal measurement.
These and other objects are achieved in accordance with the present invention which embodies improvements in telescopic gun sights, comprising the usual combination of a telescopic tube which contains objective lens, ocular lens, erectors and magnifiers for effecting change in magnification (i.e., a zoom system) and a power change mechanism or adjusting means for changing the magnification or power. In the improved combination, a reticle with aim point directly above the optic center, with respect to image, is located within the rear focus of the lens system, with stadia as used for estimating distance. The aim point is correlated, empirically or by calculation, with the trajectory of the gun on which the telescope is used, as determined by ballistics data, such that as magnification or power is increased relative to the stadia the aim point moves vertically downwardly to track the path of the bullet in flight as it falls due to the influence of gravity.
By locating the reticle within the rear focus between the ocular lens and the erectors and magnifiers of a variable power telescope, with an eccentric aim point directly above optic center, it is thus found that the aim point moves, in an optical sense, vertically downwardly with respect to the field as power is increased. By correlation between the paths defined by this optical change and bullet trajectory, which of course is also downward, with the combination of stadia, or rangefinder, a target can be ranged with the desirable quality of allowing power increases as range is increased. The degree of displacement of the aim point is such that as magnification is increased on a linear relationship with range, which can be read from the rangefinder, if desired, but whether or not the observer has any knowledge of the actual distance to the target, compensation is automatically made for the range and the aim point is centered directly on the target.
The invention, and its principle of operation, will be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description of a specific embodiment, and to the attached drawings to which reference is made in the description. Subscripts are used to show a plurality of similar parts or components.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 depicts a side elevation view of a variable power telescopic gun sight in accordance with this invention mounted on a rifle;
FIG. 2 depicts schematically the optical system of a standard variable power telescopic gun sight as embodied in this invention;
FIG. 3 depicts the essentials (the full field not being shown) of a preferred type of reticle cell or reticle disk which includes both aim point and stadia as embodied by the present invention;
FIGS. 4 and 5, taken together with the preceding fugure, depict a series of views illustrating the method of enabling the observer to circumscribe and range a target using a preferred type of stadia while automatically setting the aiming indicia for firing, whether or not the observer is aware of the actual distance to the target; and
FIG. 6 depicts another preferred type of reticle for automatic range compensation, this design providing a pair of horizontal cross hairs which provide stadia, these intersecting with a vertical cross hair, one cross hair or aim point being at optic center and the other above optic center. The upper cross hairs provide an eccentric aim point for automatic ranging and the other an aim point for conventional aiming.
FIG. 7 depicts a ring scale with indicia markings correlating the range to target as determined by stadia, which would allow the use of the reticle on arms having vastly different trajectories. In this case the ring scale is marked according to decrease from maximum range.
Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a variable power telescopic gun sight or telescope 10 mounted via clamps 8 8 on a rifle 9, the latter per se forming no part of the present invention. The telescope 10 includes the conventional barrel 11, an eyepiece 12, an objective 13 and an adjustment ring 14, provided with a handle 15 to facilitate adjustment and operation of internal linkage (not shown) which actuates a zoom element within the telescope so that the target image can be made to look larger or smaller in proportion to the field.
The optical system, which is depicted schematically by reference to FIG. 2, also includes the conventional objective lens, ocular lens and erectors and magnifiers which constitute a zoom system. In accordance with this invention the reticle, with its eccentric aim point, and the stadia or rangefinder are located within the rear focus of the optical system rather than within the front focus. Reticle 20 with its eccentric aim point 21 above optical center 22, with stadia or rangefinder, in combination with the conventional optic system described, constitutes the apparatus features of the present invention. The method and principles of circumscribing and ranging a target using a preferred type of stadia or rangefinder which in the optic sense automatically sets the aim point 21 for firing, whether or not the observer is actually aware of the distance to the target, is hereinafter described.
A preferred type of reticle, which can be illustrated by reference to FIG. 3, comprises a reticle cell, preferably a disk 20 constituted of any suitable transparent material such as plastic or glass, the disk being generally flat or of piano form. The transparent reticle disk 20 is scribed with a vertical line 25 and horizontal line 24, or indicia marks, which intersect to provide an eecentric aim point 21, or point which lies above the optic center 22 which is also generally the geometric center of the disk. A diaganol line or indicia mark 23 joins horizontal line 24 at a 45 angle, and the segment of horizontal line 24 lying below diaganol line 23 is scribed with numerals or other indicia representative of the vertical distances between lines 23, 24 at any given point on the horizontal scale. (Horizontal distances can also be measured between the point of intersection of lines 23, 24 and a point located on the horizontal scale.)
The vertical distances between lines 23, 24 define stadia and, at a preselected magnification, are a measure of distances between corresponding points within the field of view. When a target of known height, at such magnification, is framed between a pair of verticaly aligned points lying on lines 23, 24 respectively, therefore, the distance to the target is known, and it has been conventional to provide means whereby such range could be read from a scale. In accordance with the present invention, however, it is unnecessary to actually know the distance to the target. Instead, the eccentric aim point is automatically moved downwardly, in the optic sense, in response to power increases, or conversely upwardly in response to power decreases such that at the moment the target is framed the aim point is set for sighting and firing.
The technique of sighting and firing is best illustrated by reference to FIGS. 3 through 5, wherein it is assumed that both the telescope and rifle have been zeroed at maximum magnification to frame and strike a target at 400 yards distance, and that the scribed numerals along horizontal line 24, lying vertically below points on line 23, are read in inches. The observer sights in on a circle or bulls eye known by him to be inches in diameter as shown in FIG. 3. The target does not fit between lines 23, 24 at the 15-inch scale, but is too small. Magnification is too low, e. g., 4 power. The observer knows, therefore, that the target is far away and that if a shot were fired that it would fall too low. The power is therefore increased, e.g., to 8 power, the full power of the telescope, until the target fits the l5-inch scale as shown by reference to FIG. 4. The range is known or can be easily determined, but this is immaterial, for the aim point 21 is, in the optic sense moved downwardly in the field, a distance shown by the difference between the arrows, compensating for bullet trajectory so that the muzzle of the rifle is raised when the shot is fired as shown by reference to FIG. 5.
A preferred type of reticle design is also described by reference to FIG. 6. A parallel pair of horizontal cross hairs 26,27 form stadia, the lower cross hair 27 being located at optical center. The point of intersection of vertical cross hair 28 forms an off-set air point for automatic range compensation, the distance between the cross hairs 26,27 being used to span an object of known dimension. The compensation is generaliy from about 4 to 30 inches above optical center at 100 yards, and preferably from about 4 to 17 inches above optical center at 100 yards. For most sporting purposes, compensation of from about 6 to 12 inches above optical center at 100 yards on lowest available magnification is most preferred. The point of intersection of cross hairs 27,28 forms an aim point for conventional firing.
Referring to FIG. 7, there is shown a power selector ring scribed with an indicia scale representative of a range of values between a maximum compensated range at full magnification (M and a minimum range at low magnification (M,). For example, in utilizing a scope where maximum magnification is three times the power at minimum magnifieation, i.e., in a 3X-9X variable power telescope, M could be conveniently assigned a value of I .0 and M L a value of 0.33. The power is linear within this range and hence the witness mark could be used to clearly indicate the range of values representative of distances in terms of fractional units between minimum and maximum range, or fractional power units between 3X and 9X.
The present invention is based on the recognition that, in the optic sense, when the magnification of a variable power telescope with a non-magnifying reticle is changed, all points outside the optical center of the image will appear to shift inversely with power change in a one-to-one ratio, e.g., points 6 inches apart at 4 power become 2 inches apart at 12 power. The change in an aim point located above optic center, in conjunction with stadia which will also appear to move downwardly with increases in range, although linear with respect to range, can be correlated with a given segment of a curve representative of the trajectory of a bullet, the net change required being dependent on range, velocity, and the ballistic coefiicient of the bullet. Thus, the reticle movement is selected such that at some low power relative to range and stadia it is zeroed for tra-.
inches jectory and at some higher power relative to range increase it is also zeroed by the downward movement of the aim point. Thus, the low power magnification M is zeroed at Ni /M of the maximum range and the higher power, M is zeroed at the maximum range, and between these two ranges bullet drop is approximated very closely by the off-set reticle. The best trajectory fit by the reticle is obtained with a high power to low power ratio of 1.5 to 3.0. The power ratio, however, is immaterial as all or only a portion of the full power can .be selected to compensate between the two zero ranges. After a balance of maximum possible range to allowable error has been made, the excess power ratio may be used to extend the range finding capability and decrease hold-over normally required.
The degree of off-set may be found by trial and error or by calculation, and for most sporting purposes will be 2 to 8 minutes of angle above the optic center at the higher magnification. This off-set is fitted to the trajectory by the distance of off-set, or the trajectory may be fitted to the off-set by allowing the span value of the stadia and the maximum range to become variables. The movement of the reticle from minimum zeroed range (X,) to maximum zeroed range (X is linear and continuous with range changes. Therefore, the reti-. cle describes a straight line between the two points at which zero occurs, the actual trajectory is a curve and at mid-ranges lies slightly above that line described by the reticle movement between the two zero points. The error introduced is greatest at the mid-point of minimum range and maximum range, e.g., at 300 yards if the X is 200 and X is 400 yards, this error being generally no more than I to 4 inches up to distances of 400 or more yards for high velocity arms having muzzle velocities ranging upward of about 2,700 feet per second which fire bullets having 0.30 or greater ballistic coefficient (Ingalls). The error is generally less than the precision of the rifle.
The following parameters are typical for a 0.30-06 caliber rifle when zeroed at 200 yards:
Range, in
Yards 200 250 300 350 400 Actual Bullet Path, inches +1.8 0 3.3 7.8 -13.4 22.4 Reticle Movement, inches 0 0 5.5 l1.1 l6.6 22.4- Error in Aim.
In the above case the M IM 2.0, the minimum range 200 yards, maximum range 400 yards. If the variable powers M and M were 4 and 8, then at 200 yards the shot would have been made at 4 power, at 400 yards on 8 power, at 300 yards at 300/400 times the M (or times 8X) on 6 power, etc.
It is apparent that various modifications and changes can be made without departing the spirit of the present invention. The exact amount of off-set of the aim point above optic center can thus be determined empirically or by actual calculation.
Thus, an approximate calculation of these parameters is had by the following formulas:
l. The desired distance to off-set the reticle, (Q), at highest desired magnification, in inches at 100 yards, is defined by the formula:
Q L/ H 4 M 3) 2] 11 D/ wherein: A 1.049 where M IM 2 and 0.960 where M H/ M L 3 V muzzle velocity in thousands of feet per second B 0.50 K (I 0.6/V)B B =0.l8l5 K (1 l.2/V)B K l/CV M highest magnification M lowest magnification C ballistic coefficient (lngalls) Q off-set required at highest magnification, inches at one hundred yards X M maximum desired range for automatic compensation in hundreds of yards 2. The point bland range, (X the minimum range of automatic compensation and also the range at which the rangefinder span is calibrated at minimum magnification, in hundreds of yards, is given by the formula:
XL (ML/MM) X XM 3. Reticle movement, (T), in inches, from one range setting to another is described by the following equation, the limits of the range being defined as X to X wherein:
X, base or zero range in hundreds of yards X range in hundreds of yards for which movement is desired from the base range The reticle used to circumscribe the full field of view is preferably of circular design, though the horizontal length can also be greater than its vertical length (height). The reticle is preferably constructed as a unitary member, and includes both the aim point and the stadia, or rangefinder. The aim point can comprise essentially any kind of indicia, cross hairs, a dot, an open juncture between converging lines, and the like. The rangefinder can be any type of device normally used for measuring distance, but preferably the rangefinder is as described, though it can be located virtually anywhere within the field away from the optic center.
It is also feasible to grind ocular lens such that the optic center does not correspond with the geometric center, and thus the off-set or eccentric aim point may appear centered.
[t is apparent that these and other various changes, such as in the absolute or relative dimension of the parts, materials used, use of constant off-set for manufacturing purposes with allowance of maximum range variance to fit ballistics data, and the like, can be made without departing the spirit and scope of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Having described the invention, what is claimed is:
1. In a variable power telescopic gun sight for mounting on a gun wherein is included the combination of a barrel with enclosed objective lens, ocular lens, zoom system comprised of erectors and magnifiers, which provide a front focus and rear focus, and means mounted on the barrel for changing the magnifying power of the telescope, the improvement comprising locating a reticle, with stadia and a fixed aim point physically located above the optic center of the telescope, at the rear focus between the ocular lens and the zoom system whereby power increases will cause the aim point to appear to move downwardly toward the optic center of the telescope and thereby automatically compensate for the trajectory of a bullet fired from the gun.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the aim point of the reticle is off-set above the optic center of the telescope by a distance sufficient to correlate a linear bullet trajectory, at high magnifying power, where the gun is zeroed, at maximum compensated range for the gun and, at lower magnifying power, where the gun is also zeroed, with a range defined by the formula M /M of maximum; wherein M equals the power of the telescope at low power and M equals the power of the telescope at high power magnification.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the telescope contains a reticle cell having a vertical cross hair and a pair of parallel horizontal cross hairs, one located above optic center and the other at optic center, the pair of horizontal cross hairs also defining stadia as well as an off-set aim point and a conventional aim point, respectively.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stadia are comprised of a pair of lines which adjoin one to the other at an angle of 45.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein one of the lines is horizontal, and provided with indicia indicative of the height of a target within the field of the telescope.
6. In a variable power telescopic gun sight for mounting on a gun wherein is included the combination of a barrel with objective lens, ocular lens, zoom system comprised of erectors and magnifiers, which provide a front focus and rear focus, a reticle located at the rear focus between the ocular lens and the zoom system, stadia, and means for changing the power of the telescope, a method for correlating the trajectory of a bullet fired from the gun comprising physically locating a fixed aim point within the rear focus above the optic center at a distance such that, at high power, the aim point will be zeroed at the maximum range of impact of the bullet and at low power the aim point will be zeroed at a range defined by the formula M /M of maximum range; wherein M equals the power of the telescope at low power and M equals the power of the scope at high power magnification.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein at minimum power the telescope ranges from about one-fourth to about one-half of its maximum power.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Dr. Kenneth R. Barba, MD
- 4927 N Glen Park Place Rd
Peoria, IL 61614
- 7 Locations
- (309) 692-8460
Dr. Kenneth R. Barba graduated from the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine in 1995. He works in Peoria, IL and 6 other locations and specializes in Ophthalmology. Dr. Barba is affiliated with Advocate Bromenn Medical Center, Decatur Memorial Hospital, Gibson Area Hospital & Health Services, Illinois Valley Community Hospital and Iroquois Memorial Hospital.
Gender: Male
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; Graduated 1995
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.