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long shot
pootpoot1(9B inland empire)March 21, 2014
I was walking to my car, and passed this beauty in someone's yard. So I quickly snapped a picture of it before someone saw me. Maybe you can post a picture of your HT's to compare
seil zone 6b MI
I hate to say it, pootpoot, but it's nearly impossible to ID a rose from one picture. It could be any one of at least a dozen red hybrid tea roses. With out more information and pictures I doubt we'd ever narrow it down to one. If you go by there again you might stop and ask the owners. I'm sure they'd be flattered and would love to show it off and they may know the name.


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Here is Zarianna BJD in 123D Catch
Celebrating 14 years of developing what will eventually be both an epic story and a functioning automaton.
I've created an informal timeline of the Zarianna 3dprinted prototype. She started off as an experiment in Maya 1.0 back when I was learning nurbs modeling. I created my first water tight model and emailed it to Stratus Systems Back in 2001 (it was based on Bjork). Over the next few years I drew many more sketches and started developing a science fiction story about her, while working in simulation and then video games. After experimenting with paper clay, polymer clay, silicon molding and casting in resin, I purchased my first 3d printer for prototyping both the doll and automatons.
-Jim Inziello

subset: commoncrawl


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Living in the city's an expensive proposition – there's no need to make it harder on yourself by buying a condo without a Realtor.
We can also help you find townhomes for sale and homes!
All of our condos and townhomes for sale represent a great value. That isn't to say they're cheap, tacky, or low quality. We believe with some hard work, you can find something great.
All properties feature a litany of premium features you can choose from, including hardwood floors and granite countertops.
Our furnished apartments also come with a whole suite of furniture informed by the latest design trends. So, even if you don't have a whole set yourself, you can still entertain comfortably, in your own place.
The great thing about urban centers is just how much stuff you find around you. Your favorite bodega and are both within short walking distance of your front door. It's convenient and adds to how much you get out of your place.
Ask one of our real estate agents about a property near your favorite spots.
The perfect location for the discerning couple looking to make a bohemian impression on their friends.
Though it's located in the heart of downtown, this condo feels a world apart from the bustle of the city. With three bedrooms, it's great for a family.
For the power couple who has it made. Lots of open spaces for cocktail parties with a loft for more intimate gatherings, as well. Soothe your inner foodie.
Call now – 469.964.2669
REAl ESTATE


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Chard is easy to prepare and is delicious in combination with various beans. Saute about 2 packed qts. of chard, 1/2 c. onion and 4-6 cloves garlic in 2T olive oil until wilted (10 min.). Add salt, pepper, a little allspice, oregano, basil, and 1/4 c. sherry or white wine if desired. Sprinkle 1/4 to 1/2 c. grated parmesan cheese before serving over rice or beans.
<< Back
Roadside MarketsFebruary 25th, 2015
There is nothing more tempting on a hot summer day than the oasis of one of Norman's roadside markets. Packed to the hilt with a complete variety of the freshest local fruits and vegetable
CSA ProgramFebruary 25th, 2015
Fresh, local, & delicious.Want to eat more seasonally? Committed to supporting local farmers? Or maybe you want to make your Mom proud by eating more vegetables. A Norman's Farm CSA share is
Photo(s) added: #CSAdayFebruary 25th, 2015
New photo added:


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Live updates
Ed Sheeran prompts charity shop rush
Charity shops across Suffolk have found themselves rather busy over the last couple of days all thanks to a tweet from singer songwriter Ed Sheeran.
Ed, who is from Framlingham, tweeted over the weekend that he'd donated his whole wardrobe to charity.
However he didn't say which shop customers should head to.
Ed Sheeran's tweet sends shoppers hunting
Given my whole wardrobe a bunch of charity shops. All stuff worn on shoots, videos and live, if you live around suffolk it might be near you
Singer Ed Sheeran gives away his entire wardrobe to Suffolk charity shops
Given my whole wardrobe a bunch of charity shops. All stuff worn on shoots, videos and live, if you live around suffolk it might be near you
Ed Sheeran one of UK's top "weird crushes"
Suffolk singer Ed Sheeran has scored a high climber on a different type of chart after becoming one of the UK's top "weird crushes".
He has ranked in second place in a list of fanciable stars who are not conventionally good-looking compiled by Heat, shooting up from last year's number 10.
Top of the weird crush 2014 list is TV presenter and comic Matt Richardson, known to viewers for his appearances on The Xtra Factor. The 22-year-old deposed last year's winner, comedian Russell Howard, who has slipped from the top 10 completely.
Suffolk star to duet with Elton at US Grammys
Singer Ed Sheeran, from Framlingham in Suffolk, is to perform at the Grammy awards in Los Angeles next month.
He's announced on Twitter he'll perform a duet of one of his songs with Elton John.
- ITV Report
Picture gallery: Revellers enjoy the V Festival
Revellers have basked in the sunshine at the V Festival in Chelmsford while listening to acts such as Ed Sheeran and The Stone Roses.Read the full story ›
Could Suffolk's Ed Sheeran be playing the Olympic Closing Ceremony?
Playing a small show today
Danny Boyle's spectacular Opening Ceremony featured a riotous celebration of British music through the last five decades.
The attention now turns to the Closing Ceremony. The show, titled A Symphony of British Music, is expected to feature pop supremos George Michael and the Spice Girls and numerous other British acts.
And could it feature Suffolk's very own Ed Sheeran too? A tweet from this morning gives his followers a strong hint....
Sheeran tipped for Olympic role
Folk star previews forest gig
Anglia Tonight's Ross Hutchinson interviews Brit award winner Ed Sheeran just hours before his Thetford Forest concert.
Ed Sheeran: What a difference a year makes
A year ago, Suffolk singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran was a virtual unknown, now he has a string of hits, is a Brit award winner and tonight he headlines an open air concert at Thetford Forest.
Exactly 12 months ago, the Lego House singer, gave this interview to Anglia Tonight's Becky Jago.


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MINNESOTA SPORTS ROUNDUP: A's win in extra innings over Minnesota
MINNEAPOLIS -- Oakland pinch hitter Derek Norris hit a three-run homer in the top of the 11th inning to propel the A's to a 7-4 win over the Twins at Target Field in Minneapolis yesterday. Brandon Moss singled in two in a four-run first inning for Oakland, which has won the first two games of the three-game series. Jim Johnson was charged with two runs in the ninth, but Dan Otero blew the save before getting credit for the eventual win. Jared Burton gave up the bomb to Norris in the 11th


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40th birthday survival kit
Someone referenced a 40th birthday survival kit. Does anyone know anything about it? What would you put in it? I need help for my niece's 40th birthday. Thanks,
Here's one list of items I found - maybe you can use it as a starting place?
1.Money: So you have some to burn
2.Confetti- Don't go to pieces just because you are another year older
3.Crayon-So you can have a bright and colorful day
4.Candle: Remember not to burn it at both ends
5.Balloon - Let the air out of all your worries
6.Candy- May your special day be as sweet as you are
7.Streamers to decorate your soul
8.A party horn --so you can toot your own
9.A party top hat--cause you're tops
10.A teensy gift that is wrapped with the "gift" poem on it
11.A piece of wrapping paper-so you can wrap yourself in surprises
12.Cake sprinkles--to shower you with a rainbow of happiness
13.A sugar rose-to remind you to stop and smell the roses along the way
14.Matches -to light your birthday candle or your fire!
15.An ice cream cone--to savor the moment (perhaps make a satin ice-cream scoop to put in it!)
16.A cup cake--so you can have your cake and eat it too
Submitted by Birdiekitty
You could also put in a marble or a small bag of them, to replace the ones she's lost.
There are so many options, if you can google survival kits you'll get lots of ideas for other items to add - maybe try and make it 40 items?
Hope this is helpful to you.
Suzan J


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1,000 Free Club Carlson points, easy to get. Delta seems to be tweaking award availability, with many routes now able to be booked with saver inventory less than 21 days prior to departure. Two new Starwood Preferred Guest properties in popular markets, Miami and Las Vegas. Alaska Airlines is offering double and triple miles on Emirates flights. A review of a Hyatt property in California that's still on my list to visit. United Airlines reorganizing management. One can only hope it leads to improvements in…anything. The post Free Club… Read More »
I'm A Member Of CLEAR Again
For those unaware, CLEAR was a program that pre-dated TSA PreCheck and allowed for a "skip the line pass". You still needed to go through traditional security screening, but you were pushed to the front of the line. It started 2005-ish and perished about 4 years later. It was purchased out of bankruptcy and restarted, though with significantly less airports than before. I was lucky enough to purchase a renewal for my wife and I just a month or so before they declared bankruptcy. The company that bought their assets out… Read More »
It's Still Not Too Late To Book Christmas Vacations
Regardless of whether you celebrate Christmas or not, if you have school-aged kids, the end of December is likely a target on your calendar for a possible trip somewhere, whether it's to get to warmer weather, play in the snow or visit family. I got a bit behind in my planning this year. I'm planning a trip to Disney this fall for our family and two others, and just got done with a whirlwind of summer travel. Add in surgery that still severely limits my keyboard time and I didn't… Read More »
Cheap Flights To Europe For Christmas, Buy An Airline Ticket And Board a Bus, Starwood Screws Up, Southwest Wakes Up. Things I Find Interesting On Friday, February 28th, 2014
A great fare sale to Europe that includes the Christmas travel season, Starwood corrects their mistakes, Southwest rolls out mobile boarding passes about 10 years too late. Oh, and have you ever bought an airline ticket to ride on a bus?
Things I Find Interesting On Wednesday, October 16th, 2013
Don't forget to enter my giveaway today for a free American Airlines Admirals Club day pass. My favorite airline, American, is announced new service to Asia. View From the Wing has all the details, but here's a summary: New Dallas-Shanghai service scheduled for summer 2014. New Dallas-Hong Kong service on the new 777-300ER also scheduled for summer 2014. They're ending JFK-Haneda service this fall. They're expanding service on the new 777-300ER out of Miami. Both London and Sao Paolo to be added. Best news of all. Retrofits of the existing… Read More »
American Airlines Gets DOT Approval To Operating Flights Between Los Angeles and Sao Paolo, Brazil
About a month ago, I wrote about the expectation that service between LAX and Sao Paolo, Brazil was for later this fall. There were still a few hurdles to clear, and Thursday American cleared another hurdle when the DOT issued a Show Cause Order for their requested new service. The final approval is highly likely to occur and should be finished up in the next few weeks. The thing I find a bit interesting here is that US Airways is likely to receive approval to operate flights between Charlotte and… Read More »
American Airlines Adds Service Between Miami and Milan
Tickets go on sale tomorrow for American Airlines' new service between Miami and Milan. This one strikes me as a bit odd. It's being serviced by a 767-300, and the flight times are reasonable. The Miami departure is at 5:55pm and arrives in Milan at 9:35 in the morning the following day. Milan to Miami is an 11:25am departure and a 4:40pm arrival. Not a ton of time for the plane to be on the ground in Miami, but probably not an issue. The press releases about this new route… Read More »
American Expanding It's Codeshare With Cape Air, Too
After posting just a couple hours ago about American expanding its codeshare relationship with Alaska Airlines, I ran across a piece of news about expanding codesharing in the Caribbean. American has been slowly pulling out of the Caribbean, consolidating its flights out of Miami instead of splitting them between Miami and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Now, there's an announcement that Cape Air will essentially take over that business from American and codeshare with them on it. It's not that Cape Air is taking American's customers, but American has moved from… Read More »
Hyatt Miami At The Blue:Review
My business travel has started taking me down to the Miami area with some increasing frequency. I've been trying to find the right Hyatt property (since I'm putting most of my paid stays there to lock up lifetime status, while most of my award stays go to SPG for their lifetime status). I tried the Hyatt Regency Miami a couple times. I also tried the Hyatt Regency Coral Gables. The last full-service property I had left to try was the Hyatt Miami At The Blue. This property is located a… Read More »
Now's The Time To Head To Hawaii
A few times a year opportunities pop up that you generally don't see. Those of you with flexible travel schedules can reap some fantastic rewards if you keep your eyes open. Now's a great time to consider Hawaii. Mommy Points has a great post about ultra-cheap fares on United from multiple large cities like Dallas and Miami. A quick peek shows fares in the $400-$500 range, which is really a great deal. If you happen to be an elite on United, you can also use Regional Premier Upgrades and Global… Read More »


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Recent Bar Harbor and Mount Desert Island Reviews
Perfect in every way
Charming home and perfect location--we had everything we could possibly need, and more. The house was so cozy and clean and we all loved being there or being in town. I was so happy to find how close it is to town and walking there took less than 5 minutes. April, the owner, was so warm and helpful--she knows everyone in Bar Harbor and made us feel so special during our visit. We can't wait to come next summer!!
Peace and Quiet!
What a wonderful place to stay! The peace and quietness from the deck with a beautiful view of the harbor in wonderful. It is a short drive to the Island and also to Ellsworth for anything you want to do and see. The apartment is very roomy and clean. The owners are very helpful and full of great suggestions! Thanks so much for the wonderful stay!
Absolutely fantastic!!!
We just returned home from our stay in Bar Harbor and I wanted to make sure we reviewed this property right away. The pictures don't do this wonderful property justice. It was all we were told and more. The rental was clean and large with 3 nice size bedrooms and all the amenities described in their ad. We walked downtown every day which was just a 5 minute walk down the street. We spent alot of time in Acadia National Park which is about a 5 minute drive. Buy the week pass at Acadia there is alot to see for families and pack a lunch and water! There is no place in the park that we found to get anything to eat or drink. The rental had a nice kitchen and we cooked a few times but ate out most of the time. There were only a couple restaurants we thought were worth revisiting. Most were very average. "This way Cafe" was good for breakfast. I wish we had eaten here before the last day. Good food and great service! "Trenton Bridge Lobster Pound" a must for good lobster about a 15 minute drive out of town but worth the trip!!! We had lobster 5 times this week and every other place we had lobster was a bit of a disappointment. The ice cream place on Main street closest to the harbor was my 5 year old daughters favorite. We would definitely go back and we have bookmarked this property so we can recommend this property to others.


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Is Home Access Conclusive At 3 Months
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
Is my 3.5 month negative home access enoughDear Dr. Bob, Here is the deal. I want to thank you for all of the effort you put into this website, and to your foundation. What you do for people, especially the "worried wells" is amazing. I've written a few times, but have had no response. I...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...different from those of HIV-2. I do not believe you need HIV-2 testing, but once again the option remains open to you.4.Home Access is designed for HIV-1 only. Other screening tests can cover both HIV-1 and HIV-2 reliably.5.Sure.Whatever is... Read more »
Is Home Access Testing Enuf @ 3 months?Hi Dr. Bob,I have read a many a responses...quite amusing!! ok..ok...to the point....I am a gay... Read more »
Is Home Access test conclusive at 6 months?Dr. Kull,I tested negative at 6 months post exposure with a sex worker. Can I consider this... Read more »
Pick a Card, Pick a Plan...late Martin Delaney, works with the drug companies on HIV drug pricing issues in an effort to help control costs and improve access to life-saving medications. Major health insurance carriers contract with Prescription Benefit Managers (PBMs) to... Read more »
Anal Cancer, HIV and Gay/Bisexual Men...new DNA test, called Cervista HPV 16/18, is not available in doctors' offices, but should start arriving within the next few months. In MSM, a clear relationship has not yet been determined between a high DNA HPV load and the cell changes that... Read more »
An Overview of Prezista (Darunavir, TMC114)...infection or AIDS and does not reduce the risk of passing the virus to other people. Tibotec provides darunavir through an expanded access program for international patients who have limited or no treatment options because of virologic failure... Read more »
ViiV Healthcare Acts to Improve Access to HIV Medicines in United States for Those Most in Need...expand its Patient Assistance Program effective January 1, 2011 and continue its Patient Savings Card program to help maintain access to HIV medicines for those most affected by the economic downturn in the United States. Specifically, ViiV... Read more »
Connect With Others
Home Access results after six months
Posted by Anonymous, 3 Replies...My result is waiting for me at Home Access. I sent my test in more than six months ago, and the recording says to call back during business hours. I have pretty much Read more »
Home Access, negative at 2 months
Posted by Anonymous, 2 Replies...Hi everyone, I just got my 2 months result from Home Access, it's NEGATIVE! I know it's not conclusive, but I can at least breath a little easier now. I actually Read more »
Home Access, how good at 2 months?
Posted by Anonymous, 2 Replies...result is not what I want. I don't want to use a fake name and lie in the perhaps most important test in my life, so the Home Access is my only option. Now my question is, how good is Home Access at 8 weeks. From Rick S. and Ryan K. it seems... Read more »
Home Access - Evidence
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...Can somone please point to me the link where one can find that Home Access is conclusive at 3 months. Don't mention Ryan Kull (please) as he is not a doctor. Read more »
Resource Centers
Guides for People With HIV


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Jeep Dealers Las Vegas, NV
Showing Jeep dealers within 25 miles of Las Vegas, NV Edit search
Authorized Jeep Dealers
1. Sahara Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM 6.3 miles
5050 W Sahara Ave
Las Vegas, NV 89146
"Yves Vidal was very attentive, well knowledge and presented himself in a professional manner. Had the car been priced to sell I would have bought it from him."
2. Chapman Las Vegas Dodge 10 miles
3175 E Sahara Ave
Las Vegas, NV 89104
"Immediate contact with great attitude ! 4 stars from me !"
3. Chapman Chrysler Jeep 17.7 miles
930 Auto Show Dr
Henderson, NV 89014
"They tried to low ball my trade in by $6000. On a dealer trade in value, $11,000 on MSN value according to KBB."
4. Prestige Chrysler Jeep Dodge 3.5 miles
6520 Centennial Center Boulevard
Las Vegas, NV 89149
"Professional & courteous staff"
Dealers With Used Jeep Inventory
1. Las Vegas Motorcars 10.5 miles
4200 W Russell Rd
Las Vegas, NV 89118
"so far things have been ok.. will know more when rubber meets the road and I purchase.."
2. Cartwright Motors 10.6 miles
4956 Paradise Road
Las Vegas, NV 89119
"Rep did a Great job "
3. Findlay Chevrolet 11.5 miles
6800 S Torrey Pines
Las Vegas, NV 89118
"I was able to negotiate the entire deal via text messages and phone calls which allowed me to continue running my business with minimal interruption."
4. AutoNation Buick GMC West Sahara 6.1 miles
6400 W Sahara
Las Vegas, NV 89146
"I wish I could give more than 5 stars for these guys. This was without a doubt the smoothest most enjoyable car buying experience I have ever had in my entire life. Stephen Lubawy quickly addressed every question I had and gave me a great deal on my beautiful car. None of the typical issues one would normally have about buying a car were present. Steve just kept saying yes and made everything happen and after making the trip to Las Vegas from Los Angeles to finally meet him and buy the car he was truly a pleasure. When the whole thing was done I was so happy I hugged him. Then I drove my beautiful red low miles one owner certified 2010 Pontiac Vibe back to Los Angeles with a smile on my face, feeling great about the car and the experience I had at AutoNation Buick GMC. Even the Armen the finance guy was great and we know how those guys can be. If you need a new or used car, do yourself a favor and talk to Stephen Lubawy. It will be one of the better decisions you make in this life."
5. Lexus of Las Vegas 6.1 miles
6600 W Sahara Blvd
Las Vegas, NV 89146
Find a Dealer
Sell My Car
- It's free.
- Reach over 15 million shoppers instantly.
- Free advanced pricing and tracking tools.
- Craigslist posting tool.


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Additional file 3.
UV-repressed genes that are not CESR genes. 44 genes that were repressed more than twofold were indentified and almost all of them (40) were non-CESR genes. These 40 genes were categorised according to the function of their products.
Format: PDF Size: 11KB Download file
This file can be viewed with: Adobe Acrobat Reader
Skjølberg et al. BMC Cell Biology 2009 10:87 doi:10.1186/1471-2121-10-87


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Legg Mason Reviews
- Any Location
- Any Job Title
4 Employee ReviewsSort: Popular Rating Date
"Poor Management. No organizational abilities whatsoever "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Legg MasonPros
They pay me well to do nothingCons
Management has no idea what they are doing
They are concerned with only themselves and not the growth of their employeesAdvice to ManagementAdvice
Invest in your employeesDoesn't RecommendDisapproves of CEO
"Legg Mason affiliate structure doesn't deliver "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Legg Mason full-time (more than a year)Pros
Generally good people trying hard to perform
Compensation is OK overall and may even be generous to some non-performersCons
No common culture across the group
The affiliate approach has not delivered results
Weak internationally
Company values not followed
Lack clear strategy
Poor distributionAdvice to ManagementAdvice
Focus on creating the right culture
Stick to values
Strengthen international businessDoesn't RecommendNeutral OutlookDisapproves of CEO
I have been working at Legg MasonPros
I was treated courteously before the final interview.Cons
I had a phone interview and an in person interview that both supposedly went extremely well and was told that they would contact me in the next week for a second in person interview. It has been about a month and they filled the position, while ignoring two follow up emails inquiring about the status of my application.Advice to ManagementAdvice
If you take the time to have an in person interview with a candidate and then decide not to hire that person it should be common courtesy to tell that person in some way or manner. This should be especially expected from a firm of Legg Mason's size.
1 person found this helpful
"Legg Mason - Still hasn't grown up. "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Legg MasonPros
The health care benefits and compensation were decent.Cons
Lack of accountability from middle and senior management. Middle management direction maintained by a few within the inner circle. They just recycle the same empty suits and place them in different positions. A very incestuous crew with no regard for the individuals that produce. No clear direction with poor decision making. No a good work culture.Advice to ManagementAdvice
A day late and a dollar shortDoesn't RecommendDisapproves of CEO
Is this helpful? The community relies on everyone sharing – Add Anonymous Review


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DEFINITION of 'Prepayment Privilege'
The right given to a debt holder to pay all or part of a debt prior to its maturity or ahead of schedule, usually without risk of penalty. Prepayment privileges are often elements of such debts as mortgages or automobile loans. They are in opposition to a prepayment penalty, which is the amount set by the lender as a penalty to the debtor for paying off a debt prior to its maturity in order to recoup a portion of the lost interest the lender had planned to earn.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'Prepayment Privilege'
Fixed-income securities that incorporate prepayment privileges are considered riskier to the debt holders because they are not certain as to when they will receive the cash flow of incoming funds. Prepayment tends to occur when interest rates are low and mortgage refinancing is viewed as favorable.
MortgageA debt instrument, secured by the collateral of specified real ...
Single Monthly Mortality - SMMIn mortgage-backed securities (MBSs), this is the percentage ...
PrepaymentThe satisfaction of a debt or installment payment before its ...
Prepayment PenaltyA clause in a mortgage contract that says if the mortgage is ...
Prepayment RiskThe risk associated with the early unscheduled return of principal ...
Conditional Prepayment Rate - CPRA loan prepayment rate that is equal to the proportion of the ...
Home & Auto
The Benefits Of Mortgage RepaymentBuying a home may be the biggest debt you'll ever incur. Learn why you should retire it sooner, rather than later.
The Indiana Jones Guide To Getting AheadFollow Indy's advice to conquer the obstacles blocking your path to financial well-being.
Understanding PerpetuityPerpetuity means without end. In finance, a perpetuity is a flow of money that will be received on a regular basis without a specified ending date.
Credit & Loans
Getting A Mortgage After Bankruptcy Or ForeclosureMillions of Americans had homes foreclosed and millions more went into bankruptcy. Here are the necessary qualifying steps to buying a home again.
Will Itemized Deductions Get You A Bigger Refund?April and taxes are due soon. If you need to file your return, you might have to decide if itemizing your deductions this year will net you a better deal.
Home & Auto
Save $30,000 For A Home Down Payment In 5 MonthsBefore tackling mortgage rates, home maintenance costs and utilities, every home buyer must first gather the funds for a mortgage loan down payment.
Bonds & Fixed Income
Should Junk Bond ETFs Be a Part of Your Portfolio?Should junk bonds be a part of your portfolio? Here's what you need to know.
Credit & Loans
Getting A Mortgage When Building Your Own HomeIt's much harder to get a loan when you're building a home, not moving into one. Here's where to look and what to expect.
Credit & Loans
Understanding Loan-to-Value RatioLoan-to-value ratio (LVR) is a tool used to evaluate the risk in a collateralized loan, usually a mortgage loan.
Fundamental Analysis
What is a Null Hypothesis?In statistics, a null hypothesis is assumed true until proven otherwise.


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Check out the new, mobile-friendly WineSpectator.com!
September 30, 1996 Sonoma's Celebration Spirits and proceeds soar at Sonoma County Showcase and Wine Auction By Harvey Steiman No one can accuse Sonoma County of failing to support its own wine auction.
For the full article, check out the new issue of Wine Spectator, on newsstands September 30, 1996.
Do you have a Wine Spectator magazine subscription? Save 50% on your Online Membership right now!
Passionate about wine? Wine Spectator magazine is looking for an enthusiastic copy editor in the New York office.
Sips & Tips | Wine & Healthy Living
Video Theater | Collecting & Auctions
New! Ratings Flash | New! Unfiltered
» View samples
» Or sign up now!
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The marketplace for all your wine needs, including:
Wine Storage | Wine Clubs
Dining & Travel | Wine Auctions
Wine Shops | Wine Accessories


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Book your room at Comfort Hotel Lueneburg
Standard Room, 1 Queen BedMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Standard Double RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Standard Twin Room, 2 Single BedsMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Standard Single Room, 1 Queen Bed, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 1 guest
3-star hotel with coffee shop/café and sauna
Situated in Melbeck, this hotel is within 9 mi (15 km) of Brewery Museum, German Salt Museum, and Luene Abbey. Museum Schliekau and Golf Club Bad Bevensen eV are also within 16 mi (25 km).
Hotel Features
This hotel features a coffee shop/café, a sauna, and a meeting room. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include dry cleaning, a 24-hour front desk, and tour/ticket assistance.
Room Amenities
All 35 rooms offer free WiFi, in-room massages, and hair dryers. Showers and desks are also available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The hotel offers a coffee shop/café. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. This Melbeck hotel also offers a sauna, tour/ticket assistance, and multilingual staff. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- Total number of rooms - 35
- Number of floors - 1
- Coffee shop or café
- One meeting room
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Multilingual staff
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free self parking
- Sauna
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Hair dryer
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Climate control
- In-room massage available
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Desk
- Free WiFi
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Pets allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Breakfast fee: EUR 3 per person (approximately)
We should mention
Children 12 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
National Rating
Hotelstars Union assigns an official star rating for properties in Germany. This property is rated 3 stars.


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Vo'quv Carrier advice
View Single Post
Archived Post
Lt. Commander
Join Date: Dec 2007
Posts: 120
# 5
Kar'fi Carrier isn't half bad either, it's more maneuverable. Smartest thing to do on a Vo'quv is to pick skills that don't require a facing like Feedback Pulse. Mines can also help in certain situations when the PvE baddies keep flying circles around you. Just don't drop em right away.
There's a lot of different and good Vo'quv builds possible, I'd recommend anyone who is interested to go on tribble and test out different builds and theories on it.
If there is one big chance I'd like to see about that ship, it's the addition of a "support hangar" for the non combat pets you've got. Like a Nausicaan energy drain pod or the shield repair drone.


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Kingston and district. (Brancing Out).
Our annual banquet was held on May 24th at Edith Rankin United Church. Guest speaker was Dr. Brian S. Osborne on, Kingston's Other Loyalists, the Presbyterians of Kingston.
Our September meeting featured Rev. William Lamb whose topic was, Beyond Genealogy, Fleshing Out the Bare Bones. He spoke about Old Hay Bay Church and Methodism in the early years following the American Revolution.
On September 28th, thirty Grass relatives and friends descended on Cataraqui United Church Cemetery, Kingston for the dedication of a new marker to Capt. Michael Grass UE who died in 1813. The older marker was incorporated into new one. (Editor's Note: Look for a photo in the next issue.) Capt. Grass led a group of Loyalists from New York to Sorel, and then on to Kingston in 1783.
On November 23rd we were honoured to have as speakers, Angela and Peter Johnson UE. This couple has been active in many capacities with the UELAC for many years, but the subject of this day's talk was Loyalist Sources, and Early Photography.
Note: Photos from the Kingston Branch Nov. 2002 meeting are all courtesy of Philip Smart UE. Persons are listed from left to right.
Reader Opinion
|Printer friendly Cite/link Email Feedback
|Smart, Philip
|The Loyalist Gazette
|Mar 22, 2003
|Previous Article:
|Heritage. (Brancing Out).
|Next Article:
|Little Forks. (Brancing Out).
|Kingston & District Branch.
|Digicel world super store.
|Trainee priests murdered.
|UELAC Honorary Vice-President, Brigadier General William John Patterson, OMM, CD, UE, MA, Kingston, Ontario.


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Maybe someday
My wife and I are huge fans of The West Wing. We have watched the series once or twice, and just finished watching an episode. We love the politics of it all while (mostly) disagreeing with the policies.
It's insane...five years ago, when we were watching it for the first time, we HATED the policies on the show. Superliberalism. Big government to solve all problems.
Today, when we watch some episodes, we'll look at each other and say, "Man! Bartlet is so much more libertarian-minded than the President, even Bush!"
Anyway...about every few nights after we watch an episode or two, she'll always tell me, "You should run for office."
I think about it for a while, and nod my head lovingly while not really considering it.
I'm in the military, and will be (hopefully) for many more years.
After that, I may consider it.
I had my Ron Paul Conversion this past fall, so I'm "new" to the game, but I'm pretty passionate about where I stand on liberty. So much so that my Facebook posts are 90% dedicated to news about Ron Paul and liberty.
The way I figure it, I've sworn an oath that most American's haven't: To defend the Constitution against any enemy, and to bear true faith and allegiance to the same. I take that oath seriously, and I wouldn't be a good steward of my responsibility if I didn't understand what that oath meant: To defend the Constitution. Not a political party; not a person; not an idea.
Anyway...I'm prattling on about this. In the future, if "God wills it," I could see myself running for office, although I'm not sure how any office is considered "high" anymore.
Or maybe that would have to be the psychological status of anyone willing to run for office: High.
Active Duty U.S. Navy Submarine Officer...FOR RON PAUL!!!
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text:
Comment: Re:Before or after? (Score 1) 560
The data's only "untrustworthy" if you're a fucking dipshit anti-science luddite like mister Maynard here.
This is the kind of guy who puts "some college" on job applications because he once worked at one.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
The data's only "untrustworthy" if you're a fucking dipshit anti-science luddite like mister Maynard here.
This is the kind of guy who puts "some college" on job applications because he once worked at one.
"I would guess" you're making shit up. You're willing to throw out anonymity and privacy because some people might be circumventing copyright somehow? You're pathetic. (Or you're a government astroturfer. But I repeat myself.)
Now making about 50 percent more in Australia. Went from high five figures to low six. Living the American Dream(TM) in the southern hemisphere.
You're out of your fucking mind if you think a Romney presidency wouldn't be worse than what we've got right now.
It would be an utter and complete horrorshow.
Has this ever, in the history of the United States, actually worked?
I'll spare you the research: no, it hasn't.
My theory is that the US Government was using the RIAA/MPAA as a proxy to get this rammed through.
Wow... are you being deliberately retarded or can you not help it?
I missed the part where Kim Dotcom was uploading his own personal BluRay rips to MU.
I *remember* the part where his users did.
I don't give a shit how he made his money or whether or not you consider it "ill-gotten" simply because MU hosted some copyrighted material uploaded by users. It's an absurd contortion of logic and reason to say that he deserves none of his money because some of his users misbehaved.
$100m is the equivalent of one mid-tier movie budget. If you think Hollywood actually felt that tiny financial "hit", you're the one who's hopelessly naive.
So there would be two big hurdles for a plaintiff here: (1) a duty to keep one's internet connection secure and (2) the idea that there has actually been harm.
#1 fails because there's no requirement, either written or implied, that a user's internet connection be secured.
#2 fails because common sense.
The US should cut its losses, give the dude his servers and money back, and go after some actual criminals. This is just pathetic.
No, they absolutely didn't. You're either ignorant or lying.
So, now you're re-framing the fucking debate. Originally your claim was that "all" liberals want "all" illegal immigrants to stay.
Stop fucking moving the goalposts, you dumb cunt.
Apparently people in Louisiana do not.
How the fuck can you even ask this question on a tech website?
Get back to Answers In Genesis, please.
On one side the Liberals declare that people entering the USA, even illegally, should be considered as "legal", so long as they do not make trouble
I've literally never, in my entire life, heard any self-described "liberal" say this. Never. You're setting up a false dichotomy so you can make it look the problem is being caused by both sides.
It isn't.
This is entirely a right-wing issue, and the flames of racism are being fanned entirely by so-called "conservatives".
Nobody's gonna believe that computers are intelligent until they start coming in late and lying about it.


text:
We invite friends and family to celebrate the Class of 2015 at Kenyon's 187th Commencement Weekend, May 15-16. Online registration is open until April 30, 2015.
Connect with friends and classmates through the Kenyon Alumni Online Directory.
We would like to extend sincere thanks to all who have already donated to the Kenyon Fund and the Kenyon Parents Fund. Your participation makes a difference.
The mission of CGE is to assist in the development and accomplishment of the College's goals in international education and exchange. In order to achieve these goals, CGE:
The philosophy of the Center for Global Engagement (CGE) is three-fold:
Student Council President Kevin Pan '15 and Kelsey Hamilton '15 atop Chinamen's Hat in Hawai'i. Kenyon is Ohana!
Kenyon students Maher Latif''17 and Manjul Bhusal Sharma'16 start a non-profit organization, Reinstalling Hope, in Nepal.


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text:
This is not the first presidential race to put health-care stocks in play. In 2004, an incumbent president was also up for re-election, and investors were concerned that the pharmaceutical and pharma-related companies that had benefited from Medicare Part D, the prescription-drug plan for seniors signed into law in 2003 by President George W. Bush, would get creamed if challenger John Kerry won.
Kerry would have pared back the role of the private sector in the drug plan, observes Avik Roy—or at least that was the fear among investors. When Kerry lost, pharmaceutical-benefit managers like Express Scripts ESRX 1.5982670803817107% Express Scripts Holding Co. U.S.: Nasdaq USD86.77 1.365 1.5982670803817107% /Date(1427835600265-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 6568192 AFTER HOURS USD86.77 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 170328 P/E Ratio 34.37660948456876 Market Cap 62242567819.1613 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 3419900 More quote details and news » (ticker: ESRX) rose 21% through year-end 2004.
This year, the incumbent is again the favorite, but such low-hanging fruit may not seem so easy to find. But Roy does see profitable long shots based on a win for the challenger and potentially profitable short sales no matter who wins. There are also some volatility plays that assume prices will move to one extreme or the other regardless of the outcome
Avik Roy: No matter who wins in November, stock prices are likely to see big swings. Gary Spector for Barron's
Avik (pronounced "Oh-vick") Roy, 39 years old, wears several hats on the issue of health care. As a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, a New York-based think-tank with a free-market bias, he has been an outspoken critic of Obamacare. He blogs on health-care issues at Forbes.com and National Review Online, and is a member of presumptive Republican nominee Mitt Romney's Health Care Policy Advisory Group.
Roy is no stranger to Wall Street, either. He's a researcher and former trader in health-care stocks, including a 3½-year stint at Bain Capital, where he first met candidate Romney, one of Bain's founding partners. Since January, he has been advising institutions on health-care investments as director of Roy Healthcare Research.
While he realizes that the candidate he favors is not the odds-on favorite, Roy notes one outcome of a Romney win could be the repeal of Obamacare. And that would, in turn, result in significant rallies for some stocks.
His position is based on the view that it would take just 50 Senate votes, plus the vote of Romney's vice president, to repeal the law through the legislative process called "reconciliation"—an argument set forth late last month in the op-ed page of The Wall Street Journal.
With 47 Republicans in the Senate and one retiring—Olympia Snowe from Maine, who will likely be replaced by a Democrat-leaning independent—the GOP would need to pick up four seats to have a potential voting bloc of 50. And while the polls now indicate a pickup of, at most, two to three seats, the polls don't favor a Romney win, either.
Avik's Picks
|Romney Wins: Buy
|ELECTION OUTCOME Either Way: Sell
|Source: Thomson Reuters
Assume a Romney win, and the coattail effect could lead to 50 Republican seats in the Senate. Together with a Republican majority in the House, repeal of Obamacare could then happen.
If it does, Roy says, the stocks that would rally the most would be medical-device makers. Here's why: Obama's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is due to impose a 2.3% excise tax on the sale of medical devices, starting in January 2013, a full year before most of the act's other provisions become operational.
An excise tax is a sales tax targeted at specific goods or services, and because it's imposed on gross revenue, regardless of profitability, it can disproportionately bite into earnings.
THIS EXCISE TAX will thus have the greatest earnings impact on medical-device companies whose profit margins are relatively thin, and which mainly sell domestically; the tax doesn't affect sales abroad.
"The small- to mid-caps, with high domestic exposure, would be affected the most," observes Roy. "And if Obamacare is overturned, you're going to see a huge rally in these stocks."
One of these small caps is Abiomed abmd -2.5724785626786444% Abiomed Inc. U.S.: Nasdaq USD71.58 -1.89 -2.5724785626786444% /Date(1427835600258-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 423181 AFTER HOURS USD71.8 0.22 0.3073484213467449% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 79199 P/E Ratio 159.06666666666666 Market Cap 3020131225.83099 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 417196 More quote details and news » (ABMD), a manufacturer of heart pumps and other medical devices. According to calculations cited by Roy, Abiomed would earn $24 million in 2013 with the excise tax and nearly $28 million if the tax were lifted—a difference of 17%. Another is device-maker Boston Scientific BSX -1.770890979524073% Boston Scientific Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD17.75 -0.32 -1.770890979524073% /Date(1427835744453-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 8071556 AFTER HOURS USD17.59 -0.16 -0.9014084507042254% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 223104 P/E Ratio 87.4384236453202 Market Cap 24199000808.3554 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 304500 More quote details and news » (BSX), whose 2013 earnings would improve by 10% if the device tax were repealed. Others include Integra LifeSciences IART -0.7885420019311232% Integra LifeSciences Holdings Corp. U.S.: Nasdaq USD61.65 -0.49 -0.7885420019311232% /Date(1427835600013-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 157566 AFTER HOURS USD61.65 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 2910 P/E Ratio 59.84524776328937 Market Cap 2036886998.27332 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 273031 More quote details and news » (IART) and Hill-Rom Holdings HRC 0.1635322976287817% Hill-Rom Holdings Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD49 0.08 0.1635322976287817% /Date(1427835781713-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 300131 AFTER HOURS USD49 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1081 P/E Ratio 47.11538461538461 Market Cap 2764322335.03967 Dividend Yield 1.3061224489795917% Rev. per Employee 239959 More quote details and news » (HRC).
For those who prefer large-caps, two names with the most exposure, Roy says, are Stryker syk -1.389631213254944% Stryker Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD92.25 -1.3 -1.389631213254944% /Date(1427835782287-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1162516 AFTER HOURS USD92.25 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 37029 P/E Ratio 67.80097016022343 Market Cap 35453298547.2931 Dividend Yield 1.4959349593495934% Rev. per Employee 372115 More quote details and news » (SYK) and Zimmer Holdings ZMH -0.8855528379859998% Zimmer Holdings Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD117.52 -1.05 -0.8855528379859998% /Date(1427835680436-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 950424 AFTER HOURS USD117.52 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 11062 P/E Ratio 27.586854460093896 Market Cap 20157610977.3236 Dividend Yield 0.7488087134104833% Rev. per Employee 467330 More quote details and news » (ZMH).
Private-sector insurers would also benefit from a repeal of the act. Their profit margins will be squeezed by rate regulation and by the very mechanism of the exchanges mandated by Obamacare in 2014. Among them, Roy flags managed-care provider WellPoint (WLP), which he believes has the most exposure in the group.
Since this stock's dimmer prospects have already been priced in by the market, it has the potential to rally if Obama loses. "If the act is repealed," says Roy, "Wellpoint has a lot to gain."
IN THE MORE LIKELY EVENT of an Obama win, Roy sees few buying opportunities. But for intrepid investors who occasionally sell short or buy put options, there are a few stocks that could fall regardless of which candidate wins.
Amerigroup (AGP), Molina Healthcare MOH 1.493212669683258% Molina Healthcare Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD67.29 0.99 1.493212669683258% /Date(1427835785462-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 842365 AFTER HOURS USD66.1853 -1.1047 -1.6417001040273442% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 54511 P/E Ratio 52.17897022332506 Market Cap 3309629767.36145 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 920629 More quote details and news » (MOH) and WellCare Health Plans WCG -0.9422722841979855% WellCare Health Plans Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD91.46 -0.87 -0.9422722841979855% /Date(1427835718257-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 209937 AFTER HOURS USD91.466 0.006 0.0065602449158101905% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 11100 P/E Ratio 62.64383561643836 Market Cap 4057995930.2005 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 1934310 More quote details and news » (WCG) would see the biggest benefit from the Medicaid expansion mandated by Obamacare—but it isn't as big as it might seem.
If Obamacare is repealed, the Medicaid expansion won't occur. But even if it stands, the states can opt out. As Roy notes, 26 states sued the federal government on the very issue of the Medicaid expansion, and the Supreme Court decided in their favor by a 7-to-2 margin. So it stands to reason that many of them will say no to the mandate.
Roy says the market doesn't sufficiently appreciate the vulnerability of these stocks if states opt out. Of the three, he thinks Amerigroup is the most vulnerable.
ROY OFFERS SOME OPTIONS strategies, as well. Since elections are tied to the calendar, so-called calendar spreads offer intriguing possibilities, he points out. Say you want to bet that a stock will rise in response to the election. Roy says you could sell an October call on the stock, which assumes the stock wouldn't rise sharply before election, and earn a premium. That cash could then be used to reduce the cost of buying a January call option on the same stock. A call gives an investor the option to buy a stock at a fixed price. If a stock rises above the the strike price before it expires, it can be sold at a profit.
A similar calendar spread using put options is possible for a stock you think will fall after the election.
An advantage of put and call options is that they offer substantial leverage if the bet goes your way. If not, your losses are at least limited to the premium paid.
Another potential options play is to bet on volatility by buying a January put and January call on the same stock on the assumption that it will move outside the range as an outcome of the election.
That is, unless the premiums on these options already reflect expected volatility, in which case they would be too expensive. "Presidential elections bring swings in equity prices," says Roy. "We can be pretty confident of that."
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Cables & Connectors Supplement
Leaky Cables Make Fine Broadband Antennas
Realistic Shielding Effectiveness Measurements
RF Stability of Cable Assemblies
Anritsu Co. announced it has extended the low-end frequency of its MN469xB VectorStar 4-port test sets, making the instruments the first microwave multiport Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) solutions to measure down to 70 kHz. The MN469xB series now combines DC coverage and the wide dynamic range time domain capability of a VNA, making the test sets ideal for digital engineers who need to conduct signal integrity measurements on passive high-speed balanced transmission lines and connections in order to optimize their Gbit designs.
Two models are available in the MN469xB series. The MN4694B covers up to 40 GHz while the MN4697B has a frequency range up to 70 GHz. Both include bias tees for active measurement applications. The industry best accuracy, created by a dynamic range that is 12 dB wider than alternative solutions, and the best-in-class measurement speed of 30 μs/point make the MN269xB series well suited for both R&D and manufacturing environments.
The VectorStar multiport solution provides 4-port capability using an external test set driven by the base VNA. This flexibility allows the removal of the test set for uncompromised 2-port measurements or for use with multiple VNAs. This 4-port architecture is ideal for single-ended devices, balanced passive devices, and balanced linear active devices.
Get access to premium content and e-newsletters by registering on the web site. You can also subscribe to Microwave Journal magazine.


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60s Fancy Dress
We bet your sweet bippy that you are going to love these 60s Fancy Dress costumes. Considered to be one of the greatest eras in fashion with psychedelic prints and tie-dye patterns, the Sixties make a fantastic party theme and eye catching costume idea. This was a time when The Beatles illuminated the British pop industry with their bright and colourful Sgt Pepper outfits. The hippie movement also had a profound effect on the fashion culture of this time which is brilliantly captured in the Hippie Costumes found here. 60s costumes were all about vivid colours and large flower prints replicated in our plethora of bell bottoms, go-go girl outfits and hippie chick dresses. So if you have been invited back to the decade of love you are sure to find your ideal 1960s costume here.
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April 27, 2010
Posted by Leslie McDermott
Filed in:
Pennsylvania Convention Center, Photo by B. Krist for GPTMC
Be sure to check out the Paradise City Arts Festival happening in Center City, this weekend. Friday through Sunday, the PA Convention Center will feature award winning crafts, paintings and sculptures for show and for sale. There will be over 125 exhibitors from different states showcasing a wide variety of art, sculpture, fashion, jewelry, furniture and home furnishings.
This year's special themed exhibit, The Art of Love, will touch upon the various types of love that have inspired artists to create their greatest works. This exhibition will take place in the Sculpture Court and Café. It will also feature a set on the theme of love by different jazz bands.
Tickets are $12 for adults, $10 for seniors. Three day passes are available for $15. For more information, visit Paradise City Arts' official website.
Philadelphia City Arts Festival
Friday, April 30th – Sunday, May 2nd
Pennsylvania Convention Center
1101 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 418-4700
Tagged as:ArtsCenter CityChinatownConvention CenterFestivalsParadise City Arts FestivalPennsylvania Convention CenterWeekend
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Dr. Mary C. Melancon, MD
Obstetrics & Gynecology
- 106 Irving St NW Ste 4400
Washington, DC 20010
- 2 Locations
- (202) 877-9992
Dr. Mary C. Melancon graduated from the Howard University College of Medicine in 1992. She works in Washington, DC and 1 other location and specializes in Obstetrics & Gynecology. Dr. Melancon is affiliated with Medstar Washington Hospital Center. She speaks English and French.
Gender: Female
Languages Spoken: English, French
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Medical School: Howard University College of Medicine; Graduated 1992
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.


text:
Description: GT Pool Folding BMX Tire
GT's BMX Street bike tires are super smooth rolling with a knurled surface for ultimate traction on hard surfaces. It comes in 2 sizes: 20" x 2.3" and 20" x 2.1", each has wire bead, stiffer sidewall for impract resistance. Alternatively, size 20" x 2.3" and 20" x 2.1", each made with Kevlar, skinwall 60 tpi, foldable and lightweight.
Pool Folding
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Claim Your Business
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text:
This invention relates to a material that degrades after implantation into a patient's tissue, and resorbs into the patient's body, which material is manufactured of polymer, copolymer or polymer alloy. The material has a non-crystalline, i.e., amorphous structure and is molecularly oriented and reinforced by mechanical deformation. Further, the material can be formed into surgical devices, such as screws and pins, for implantation into a patient.
1. A entirely amorphous resorbable material that resorbs after implantation into a patient comprising: an entirely amorphous material that is mechanically modified to reinforce the material by molecularly orienting the material, resulting in the material having increased shear and bending strength, wherein the material remains amorphous after being mechanically modified, and further wherein the material comprises a thermoplastic polymer, copolymer, polymer alloy, or combinations thereof.
2. The material as set forth in
3. The material as set forth in
4. The material as set forth in
5. A surgical implant formed from the material of
6. A surgical implant manufactured from the material of
7. A surgical implant manufactured from the material of
8. The material as set forth in
9. A method for manufacturing the material of
selecting a starting composition from a group of entirely amorphous resorbable, thermoplastic polymers, copolymers, or polymer alloys, and
mechanically modifying the material to molecularly orient and reinforce the material, yielding the molecularly oriented, reinforced material of
10. The method as set forth in
forming the material into a surgical implant having a longitudinal axis, wherein the molecular orientation of the material is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the implant.
11. The method as set forth in
12. The method as set forth in
forming the material into a surgical implant having a longitudinal axis, wherein the molecular orientation of the material is substantially twisted, threaded or spiral in relation to the longitudinal axis of the implant.
13. A surgical implant formed from the material of
14. The material as set forth in
15. The material of
16. The material of
17. An entirely amorphous resorbable material that resorbs after implantation into a patient comprising:
an entirely amorphous material that is drawn to reinforce the material by molecularly orienting the material, resulting in the material having increased shear and bending strength, wherein the material remains amorphous after being drawn.
18. The material of
19. The material of
20. The polymer of
21. A surgical implant formed from the material of
22. A surgical implant manufactured from the material of
23. A surgical implant manufactured from the material of
The invention relates to under tissue conditions degradable material.
In surgery, it is known to employ implants manufactured of biodegradable (under tissue conditions absorbable) polymers for connecting tissues together, for separating tissues from each other, for temporarily replacing tissues partially or entirely and for guiding the healing or growth of the tissues. It is known to manufacture of partly crystallized thermoplastic, biodegradable polymers strong implant materials by stretching elongated blanks, such as fibres or bars in a manner that the crystalline structure of the materials is modified and directed (oriented) increasing the strength and the stiffness of the material in the orientation direction. Publication U.S. Pat. No. 4,968,317 presents partly crystalline, biodegradable biomaterials, oriented by the drawing technique which can be used when manufacturing e.g. various equipments for fixation of bone fractures. Publication EP-03211761 presents a method for manufacturing oriented, partially crystalline, biodegradable material by cooling the thermoplastic polymer to a temperature lower than its glass-transition temperature, in which the nucleation of the crystals takes place, and by reheating the material to a temperature which is higher than the glass-transition temperature of the material but lower than its melting temperature, and by stretching the material under these conditions to gain orientation.
Publication WPI ACC No: 89-220470/30 presents a surgical biomaterial consisting of molecularly oriented lactic acid polymers or its copolymer with glycol acid, having a crystal content of 10 to 60% in the material and a compression bending strength of 160 to 250 MPa.
Partially crystalline biodegradable polymer materials can be used for manufacturing e.g. various rods, screws, plates etc. to be employed e.g. when repairing bone fractures or damages in connective tissue. The following publications disclose results of applying these types of materials in surgical use: P. Rokkanen et al.: Utilisation des implants biodegradables dans le traitement chirurgical des fractures et au cours des ostÕotomies, Orthop. Traumato 12, (1992), pp. 107-11; E. K. Partio et al.: Immobilisierung und Fr■hmobilisierung von Malleolarfrak-turen nach Osteosynthese mit resorbierbaren Schrauben, Unfall-chirurgie 18(5), (1992), pp. 304-310; H. Pihlaiamðki et al.: Absorbable pins of self-reinforced poly-l-lactic acid for fixation of fractures and osteotomies, J Bone Joint Surg 74-B(6), (1992), pp. 853-857; T. Yamamuro et al.: Bioabsorbable osteosynthetic implants of ultra high strength poly-L-lactide. A clinical study, Int. Orthop. 18, (1994), pp. 332-340.
Crystalline configuration as such gives the non-oriented biodegradable materials strength and toughness in a manner that they can be employed e.g. in bone surgery, in selected surgical embodiments, such as in healing of non-loaded bone fractures (cf. e.g. S. Vainionpðð, P. Rok-kanen and P. T—rmðlð: Surgical applications of biodegradable polymers in human tissues, Prog. Polym. Sci. 14, (1989), pp. 679-716).
Although the partially crystalline biodegradable materials have good, in case of oriented materials even excellent, strength properties, and the strength retention time in vivo can be controlled to a typical term of 1 to 12 months, the disadvantage is very slow degrading of the crystal phase of the material. Numerous researches have found out that partially crystalline, biodegradable materials first degrade at their amorphous (noncrystalline) parts, since degrading starts and is easiest in the amorphous areas of the material, which are situated between the crystalline areas (cf. e.g. E. W. Fischer, H. J. Sterzel, G. Wegner G.: Investigation of the structure of solution grown crystals of lactide copolymers by means of chemical reactions. Kolloid-Z. Polym. 251, (1973), pp. 980-990). As a result of the said heterogeneous degradation, in the last phase of the polymer absorbing, mainly crystalline, very slowly degradable particles are created. In some tissues, these particles can cause harmful side effects, such as swelling in the tissue and pain (cf. e.g. E. J. Bergsma et al.: Foreign Body Reactions to Resorbable Poly (L-lactide) Bone Plates and Screws Used for the Fixation of Unstable Zygomatic Fractures, J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 51, (1993) pp. 666-670).
However, since the non-crystalline (amorphous) biodegradable polymer material has no slowly degradable crystal structures, degradation of amorphous polymer is under tissue conditions faster than degradation of partially crystalline polymer, and due to the lack of crystalline structure, no such harmful tissue reactions can occur when the amorphous polymers are degrading, as described e.g. in the above mentioned publication E. J. Bergsma et al. However, a drawback with amorphous biodegradable polymers is their poor mechanical strength properties. As for the mechanical properties, the amorphous biodegradable materials are either very ductile (rubber-like), if their glass-transition temperature is under the body temperature, or, on the other hand, they are hard and glass-like it their glass-transition temperature is over the body temperature. In every case, the amorphous polymers have relatively weak strength properties.
Insufficient strength of the amorphous, biodegradable polymer implants is found in clinical research as high frequency of breaking of fracture fixations. E.g. the publication K. E. Rehm, H.-J Helling, L. Claes: Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe Biodegradable Implante, Akt. Traumatol. 24 (1994), pp. 70-74 presents clinical results from 57 patients. In the research, various fractures in the cancellous bone area were fixated with biodegradable rods manufactured of amorphous poly-L/DL-lactide (with L/DL ratio of 70/30). In the post-surgical follow-up of the patients, a dislocation of bone fragment was noticed in tour patients, which signifies fies that this complication was found in 7% of the patients. Further, with two patients (3.5 % of the patients) dislocation of the rod head was found. Thus, the total proportion of complications was high: 10.5%. Dislocation of bone fragment and dislocation of rod head show that the strength of the amorphous lactide copolymer, particularly the shear strength, was not sufficient for providing safe healing. This result differs clearly e.g. from the clinical research of H. Pihlajamðki et al.: Absorbable pins of self-reinforced poly-L-lactic acid for fixation of fractures and osteotomies, J. Bone Joint Surg. (Br) Vol. 74-B, (1992), pp. 853-357, using rods of a corresponding type for the fixation of fractures and osteotomies in cancellous bone area, which rods were manufactured of partly crystalline, oriented (self-reinforced) poly-L-lactide. The research comprised 27 fixation-operated patients, in whom no bone fragment dislocations or rod dislocations were found in the post-operation follow-up (8 to 37 months); i.e. the degree of complications was 0%. Since the shear strength of partially crystalline, oriented polylactide rods is more than double compared to that of amorphous, non-oriented polylactide rods (the shear strength of rods used by Pihla-jamðki et al. was 100 to 180 MPa and the shear strength of rods used by Rehm et al. was measured 46 to 54 MPa, cf. Example 1), it is obvious that the high proportion of complications in the research of Rehm et al. was due to insufficient strength properties of the material used in their study. On the other hand, since no slow-absorbtion, crystalline phase is present in the amorphous polymer, absorbing of the amorphous polymer takes place, after loosing the strength, faster than absorbtion of partly crystalline polymer. For example according to the publication of Rehm et al., rods manufactured of amorphous poly-L/DL-lactide were absorbed almost entirely in two years under tissue conditions, whereas according to Bergsma et al., there was a significant quantity of crystalline poly-L-lactide present at the operation site in the patient even after three years and eight months after the implantation. Also Y. Matsususe et al. (In vitro and in vivo studies on bioabsorbable ultra-high-rigidity poly(L-lactide) rods, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 26, (1992), pp. 1553-1567) noticed that 18 months after the placing of the implant, a significant amount (−30 %) of partly crystalline poly-L-lactide remained in the laboratory animals.
Since the biodegradable implant becomes useless in the patients system after having lost its strength, it would be advantageous that the implant would absorb as soon as possible after loosing its strength.
Thus, crystalline nature gives the biodegradable material its good initial strength, but it retards the final absorbtion of the polymer after the material has lost its strength, and it may even cause harmful chronic complications in certain embodiments. The amorphous material, in its turn, absorbs last but causes the patient risks when healing (danger of dislocation), because of its poor mechanical properties.
It has been surprisingly discovered in this invention that the drawbacks of known partly crystalline and, on the other hand amorphous biodegradable surgical implants can be efficiently eliminated by using in their manufacturing, instead of known materials, amorphous, biodegradable polymer, copolymer or polymer combination oriented and reinforced (self-reinforced) by means of draw technique. The present invention thus presents molecularly oriented, self-reinforced, amorphous, biodegradable surgical biomaterials, their use in the manufacturing of surgical implants, their parts or compounds, and surgical implants, their parts or compounds manufactured of said biomaterials. Said biomaterials and implants manufactured thereof can be used in surgery for connecting together tissues or parts thereof, for separating tissues or parts thereof, for temporarily replacing tissues and/or for guiding healing or growth of tissues. The self-reinforced materials and implants in accordance with the invention surprisingly combine the advantageous prop eties of known biodegradable, partially crystalline and, on the other hand amorphous materials, and simultaneously eliminate the draw-backs of the materials. Materials of the invention have surprisingly an especially good shear strength, they are tough, they retain their strength for long (typically several months in vivo), when slowly degradable polymer is used as raw material, and after having lost their strength they absorb faster than known strong, partly crystalline, corresponding biodegradable biomaterials. When tested, reinforcing can be seen as an increase of the strength values in the entire macroscopic piece. Additionally, materials of the invention can be sterilized by γ-radiation without them loosing too much of their advantageous properties.
To obtain the above mentioned objects, under tissue conditions degradable material according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is said in the characterizing part of the accompanying independent claim 1.
The materials according to the invention have proved out to be surprisingly strong and tough in a manner that they can be used in manufacturing various surgical implants to connect tissues or parts thereof to each other, to separate tissues or parts thereof from each other, to temporarily replace tissues and/or to guide healing or growth of tissues. Implants of this type include e.g. various rods, screws, pins, hooks, intramedullary nails, plates, bolts, suture anchors, foils, wires, tubes, stents, spirals or implants of a corresponding type, presented e.g. in publications U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,257, FI Pat. No. 81010, U.S. Pat. No. 4,968,317, FI Pat. No. 84137, FI Pat. No. 85223, FI Pat. No. 82805, PCT/FI 93100014 and PCT/FI93/00015, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,084,051, 5,059,211, FI Pat. No. 88111 and EP-634152.
The materials of the invention can be manufactured of thermoplastic, amorphous biodegradable polymers, such as L-lactide copolymers containing a large quantity of D-lactide units (e.g. poly L/DL-lactides having 15 to 85 molecular-% of D-units), amorphous copolymers of lactide and glycol, as well as polymer combinations forming amorphous alloys. It is self-evident that the materials of the invention can be manufactured also from other amorphous, biodegradable polymers, like e.g. of polyorthoesters, (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 4,304,767), of pseudopoly (amino acids) (see e.g. S. I. Ertel et al., J. Biomed.Mater. Res., 29 (1995) pp. 1337-1378), etc.
Further, materials in accordance with the invention can include as compound agent powder-like ceramic or corresponding materials. such as bone meal, hydroxyl-apatite powder, calcium-phosphate powder and other absorbable ceramic powders or absorbable ceramic fibres, like bioglass fibres.
According to one advantageous embodiment, the material of the invention also contains at least one organic or inorganic bioactive agent or agents, such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, agents activating the healing of wounds (e.g. angiogenic growth factors), bone growth factors (bone morphogenic proteins [BMPD] etc. Such bioactive materials are particularly advantageous in clinical use, since, in addition to mechanical effect, they also have biochemical, medical and other effects for tissue healing.
It is obvious that the materials of the invention can also include various additives for facilitating processing of the material (e.g. stabilizers, anti-oxidants or softeners) or for altering its properties (e.g. softeners or powder-like ceramic materials or biostable fibres, such as polyaramid or carbon fibres) or for facilitating its handling (e.g. colorants).
The accompanying dependent claims present some advantageous embodiments of the material according to the invention.
The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing under tissue conditions absorbable material. The method is mainly characterized by features presented in the characterizing part of the accompanying independent claim relating to the method.
Advantageous embodiments of the method are presented in the accompanying independent claims.
When manufacturing materials in accordance with the invention, a molecular orientation is carried out by modifying biomaterial in solid state mechanically in a temperature where large scale molecular movements are possible, but where thermal movement is not strong enough for the achieved orientation to relax as a result from the molecular thermal movements.
The simplest way of performing the mechanical modification is to draw a melt-processed (such as injection molded, extrusion molded or compression molded), non-oriented billet or preform (such as a rod, plate or film) to a typical drawing ratio of 2 to 6 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the billet. The drawing can also be carried out as a so called die drawing, wherein the billet is drawn through heated die to a suitable drawing ratio. As a result of the drawing, the molecule chains and/or parts thereof are directed increasingly to the draw direction, wherein the strength and toughness of the material are growing in the draw direction. After the drawing, the drawn billet is cooled under stress to room temperature, and various implants can be further processed thereof, such as rods, screws, plates, pins, hooks, stents, spirals etc. Suitable processing methods are e.g. turning, milling, shearing and other mechanical processing methods, thermal processing (compression molding under heat and pressure) or combinations of mechanical processing and thermal processing.
During drawing, the billet or die can also be turned around the longitudinal axis of the billet, wherein a spiral orientation is obtained thereto, which is particularly advantageous e.g. in screws.
For plate-formed and foillike preforms, also two-axial drawing can be carried out, wherein orientation is obtained for the billet also in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
Materials of the invention can be manufactured of said raw materials also by using so-called solvent methods, wherein at least a part of the polymer is solved into a suitable solvent or softened by the solvent and the material or the material combination is compressed to a piece by using pressure and possibly a slight heat, wherein the solved or softened polymer glues the material to a macroscopic piece, from which the solvent is eliminated by evaporating. Techniques of this type are suitable particularly when manufacturing thermosensitive enzymes, peptides and proteins, such as implants containing BMP-molecules.
In the following specification, the invention is illustrated with reference to the Examples and the accompanying drawings. In the drawings
FIG. 1. shows test results in drawing ratioshear strength-co-ordination according to Example 1,
FIG. 2 shows test results in test speedtensile break energy-co-ordination according to Example 1.
FIG. 3 shows from two directions the installation of intramedullary nails in connection with osteotomy in a femur according to Example 3,
FIG. 4 shows from the side (4a) and from the front (4b) the manufacturing of material billet according to Example 8, and
FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a prostate spiral manufactured of a billet according to FIG. 4.
Cylindrical billets having a diameter of 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm were manufactured of poly-L/DL-lactide (L/DL mole ratio 70/30, incl. viscose 5.8 dl/g, trade name ResomerÛ LR708, manufacturer Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) by extrusion (1-screw extruder), which billets were cooled to room temperature.
Shear strength was measured according to a method presented in the publication P. T—rmðlð et al.: Ultra-high rigidity absorbable self-reinforced polyglycolide (SR-PGA) composite rods for internal fixation of bone fractures: In vitro and in vivo study J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 25 (1991), pp. 1-22 to a billet having a diameter (Ä) of 2 mm. The obtained shear strength value was 50Ý4 MPa.
Billets of various sizes were drawn at various temperatures to various drawing ratios (to rods of Ä 2 mm) for obtaining at least a partial molecular orientation and for improving the shear strength of the material. The shear strengths of rods oriented and reinforced by drawing are presented in FIG. 1. According to FIG. 1, even with a drawing ratio 2 the shear strength of the rod has increased to 1.5-fold (to a value of 73 MPa) as compared to a non-drawn rod. With drawing ratios 3 to 5, shear strengths of 110 to 118 MPa are obtained, which values are already in the same area as the values measured for partially crystalline, drawn polylactide rods (cf. e.g. S. Vainionpðð et al.: Surgical applications of biodegradable polymers in human tissues, Prog. Polym. Sci. 14, (1989), pp. 679-716).
Bending impact toughness of a non-drawn P(L/DL)LA (70/3) rod and a rod of the same material drawn to a drawing ratio 5 at a temperature of 70¯ C. were tested at a room temperature by defining the bending impact energy (J/mm2) of the rods (both having a diameter of 2 mm) by a three-point bending-impact machine. The bending impact energy required for breaking the non-drawn rod was 0.017 J/mm2 and the rod was broken in a brittle manner. The drawn rod did not break at all, but it bent in a ductile manner and glided through the supports of the measuring equipment when the bending impact energy value was 0.093 J/mm2.
Thus, as a result of the drawing reinforcement, the bending behaviour of the amorphous ResomerÛ LR 708 polymer in impact stress changed from brittle to ductile and the endurance of the bending impact of the material increased more than five fold.
Corresponding break toughness tests were made to a non-drawn and drawn P(L/DL)LA (70/30) rods (Ä 2 mm) (drawing ratio about 5, draw temperature 75¯ C.) at a room temperature by measuring the energy needed for breaking the rod in a drawing test as a function of the testing speed (%/min.). The results are shown in FIG. 2. According to FIG. 2, the tensile break energy of non-drawn rods is between 0.2 to 0.7 J/mm2, whereas the tensile break energy of drawn rods was between 1.8 and 3 J/mM2. Depending on the test conditions, the tensile break energy of the material thus increased to 2.5 fold (slow draw)15 fold (impact draw) as a result of the draw reinforcing.
Drawn (self-reinforced) P(L/DL)LA (70/30) rods (length 30 to 50 mm, thickness 2 mm) according to Example 1 were dried in a vacuum at a temperature of 37¯ C. for several days. The rods were packed in Al-foil bags and sterilized with γ-radiation (dose 2.5 Mrad.)
Clinical research, corresponding to the research of K. E. Rehm et al.: Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe Biodegradable Implantate, Akt. Traumatol 24, (1994), pp. 70-74, was performed relating to the use of drawn, γ-sterilized, self-reinforced SR-PLA rods (L/DL ratio 70/30) for fixation of fractures in cancellous bone area. Table 1 contains comparison between indication groups of the Rehm et al. research (using non-oriented, reinforced P(L/DL)LA (70/30) rods, Ä 2 mm) and indication groups of the accompanying clinical research (using oriented and self-reinforced P(L/DL)LA (70/30) rods; BiofixÛ SR-PLA, Ä 2 mm). In the clinical research of the rods according to the invention, attempts were made to reach as good correspondence as possible with the research of Rehm et al.
Table 1 shows that with non-reinforced PolypinÛ rods, there were more than a six-fold quantity of complications compared to clinical use of the self-reinforced BiofixÛ SR-PLA rods, having only one fracture dislocation (a severe fracture of radius head). Since the material used in both tests was chemically the same and the rods had the same diameter (2 mm), it is obvious that the shear strength of the self-reinforced BiofixÛ SR-PLA rods in accordance with the invention was more than twice as high (>100 MPa) as compared to the shear strength of PolypinÛ type material (about 50 MPa), which makes the BiofixÛ SR-PLA rods more suitable for clinical use.
Bar with thickness of 3 mm was manufactured of PDLLA polymer (L/D molecular ratio of 50/50), incl. viscosity 5.2 dl/g, trade name PurasorbÛ PLD, manufacturer PURAC Biochem, Holland) by melt processing with 1-screw extruder, which bar was then cooled to room temperature. The bar was drawn at a temperature of 60¯ C. to the drawing ratios of 3.3 and 5.5. The shear strengths of non-drawn and drawn bars were measured (Table 2).
According to Table 2, the shear strength of the amorphous PDLLA increased almost to double when the material was drawn to a drawing ratio 5.5.
Non-drawn (non-reinforced) SR-PDLLA rods and corresponding drawn rods (self-reinforced) drawn to a drawing ratio of 5.5 were manufactured. The length of the rods was 50 to 60 mm, and the diameter was 4.5 mm.
20 adult rabbits were killed and the right femora were taken to biomechanical research. Holes of 4.5 mm were drilled to the intramedullary canal from the intercondylar area and the intramedullary canals were expanded with a rasp to the diameter of 4.5 mm. Osteotomy was made by a rotating diamond drill in the distal third of the diaphysis area in the femora. The osteotomy was fixated by using either a non-reinforced 4.5æ(50-60) mm rod or a self-reinforced 4.5æ(50-60) mm rod as the intramedullary nail (FIG. 3). Bending rigidities of the sheared femora nailed with intramedullary nails were measured by using a 3-point bending test. The femora having self-reinforced rods as intramedullaty nails had circa twice as good bending rigidities compared to femora having non-reinforced rods. On the basis of these results it was concluded that self-reinforced SR-PDLLA rods are more suitable for intramedullary nails of bone fractures than non-reinforced ones.
SR-PLA rods in accordance with Example 2 were manufactured (drawing ratio 5.5, rod length 70 to 200 mm, diameter 2 mm), which rods were γ-sterilized (radiation dose=2.5 Mrad).
The rods were used as intramedullary nails for fixation of fractures of cortical area in radii of ten children (ages 2 to 7 years), by using stack pinning technique (two or more rods were used for filling the intramedullary canal). After the nailing, a plaster immobilisation was used for six weeks.
All the ten fractures provided with intramedullary nails healed well or in a satisfactory manner.
According to Example 1, self-reinforced P(L/DL)LA (70/30) rods (drawing ratio=5) having a thickness of 2 mm, as well as non-reinforced rods of the corresponding size, were manufactured.
The rods were γ-sterilized (radiation dose=2.5 Mrad) and hydrolyzed in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) at 37¯ C. for 40 weeks. After 20 weeks of hydrolysis, the bending strength of the self-reinforced rods was still the same as at the starting point (170Ý10 MPa), whereas the non-oriented rods had lost more than a half of their original strength (original bending strength 120 MPa, after 20 weeks of hydrolysis: 55 MPa).
The half-life of rigidity in said hydrolysis was 32 weeks with self-reinforced rods and only 19 weeks with non-reinforced rods.
The above mentioned tests showed that self-reinforcing of the amorphous material makes it more durable against γ-sterilisation than non-reinforced material, even to the extent that reinforced rods can be γ-sterilized for clinical use. This is a significant advantage for the patients, since in the alternative ethylene-oxide sterilisation harmful residues of ethylene oxide may be left in the material.
In accordance with Example 1, self-reinforced rods (diameter 2.5 mm, length 70 mm) were manufactured of extruded P(L/DL)LA (70/30) billet (diameter 5 mm) by drawing to the drawing ratio 4 at a temperature of 60 to 90¯ C. Plates having a thickness of 0.5 mm (width 10 mm, length 70 mm) were manufactured of draw-reinforced rods between heated steel plates by compression molding at a temperature of 60 to 90¯ C. Non-reinforced plates of the corresponding size were manufactured by extrusion (1-screw extruder) by using a flat-foil die.
The mechanical properties of the non-drawn and draw-reinforced and compressed plates were examined by draw and shear tests at a room temperature. The effect of drill holes to the rigidity of the plates was examined by drilling 6 holes (Ä 2.0 mm) in a part of the plates. Table 3 shows strength values of a plate drawn at 70¯ C. and compression molded at 90¯ C., as compared to a non-reinforced plate.
According to Table 3, the drilling of holes deteriorated the tensile strength of the plates by 18%, but it did not have significant effect on the shear strength. Even after the drilling of holes, the strengths of the self-reinforced plates were 1.8 to 2.3 fold as compared to non-reinforced plates.
Self-reinforced (drawn) P(L/DL)LA (70/30) rods (length 35 mm) of Example 5 were implanted in the muscular tissue in the back of 20 adult rabbits. The rabbits were divided into four groups and after they were killed, biodegradation of the self-reinforced rods were examined under tissue conditions by histological methods after six months, one, two and three years from implantation. Six months after the implantation the shapes of the rods were almost unaltered, although two rods were broken into two or three pieces, presumably as an effect of muscular movement. One year after the implantation all the rods were broken into pieces. Two years after the implantation, the material was almost entirely absorbed; only some occasional polymer particles could be found in the muscular tissue. Three years after the implantation the polymer was entirely absorbed and disappeared from the tissues.
To provide comparison material, a corresponding series of test was carried out by implanting in the muscular tissue of the rabbits partially crystalline, self-reinforced poly-L-lactide rods (manufacturer of the material: PURAC Biochem, Holland, Mw=250 000) which were manufactured by self-reinforcing technique (drawing technique) (according to the method of the publication P. T—rmðlð: Biodegradable self-reinforced composite materials: manufacturing, structure and mechanical properties, Clinical Materials, 10, (1992), pp. 29-34). The thickness of the rods was 2 mm and the length was 35 mm. In histological research it was noted that six months and one year after the implantation the rods were still unaltered. Two years after the implantation the rods were broken into several pieces and partially disintegrated. Three years after the implantation there were still a large quantity of disintegrated poly-L-lactide material (debris) to be found in the muscular tissue.
The present research proved that amorphous, self-reinforced implants in accordance with the invention absorb in tissues considerably faster than corresponding, partially crystalline, self-reinforced materials.
Oriented billet of diameter 1.1 mm was manufactured of P(L/DL)LA (70/30) material by draw-reinforcing technique, by drawing a blank having a diameter of 2 mm slowly through heated (T80¯ C.) rollers in a manner shown in FIG. 4a. As shown in FIG. 4b, the surfaces of the rollers comprised grooves, which together formed a channel of 1.1 mm diameter between the rollers.
Prostate stents (spirals) according to FIG. 5 were manufactured of drawn billet in accordance with technique presented in publication WO 90/04982, to be used to eliminate urethral retention in the prostate area, after laser treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lengths of the cylindrical part of the stents were 55, 65, and 75 mm and the total lengths were about 80 to 100 mm.
A stent according to the invention was inserted in ten patients after laser treatment (VLAP-laserprostatectomy) for prostatic hyperplasia, according to the publication M. Talja et al.: Biodegradable SR-PGA-uro-spiral in prevention of postoperative urinary retention after VLAP-laser prostatectomy, J Urol. (in press).
When using a prostate spiral according to the invention, there was no deteriorating of urine-flow velocity to been seen in the patients during the healing; the follow-up term was 12 months. The prostate spirals absorbed and left the urethra in a period of 3 to 9 months (found on the basis of endoscopical research).
According to the above mentioned publication M. Taija et al., when self-reinforced, partially crystalline polyglycolide (SR-PGA) prostate spirals were used as post-treatment of laser treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, in ten patients out of 22 deteriorated urine-flow velocity occurred temporarily about three weeks after the insertion of the spiral. This was presumably due to the absorbing of the spiral three to four weeks after the implantation.
This comparative clinical research showed that the SR-PLA spirals in accordance with the invention provided better treatment results in post-laser treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia than prior art, partially crystalline, self-reinforced spirals.
According to Example 1, self-reinforced P(L/DL)LA (70/30) rods having a thickness of 2 mm (drawing ratio =5), as well as non-reinforced rods of the corresponding size were manufactured. The lengths of the rods were 20 mm. Both in self-reinforced and non-reinforced rods was made, by turning at one end for the length of 10 mm, a screw thread, having the minimum diameter of 1.5 mm, the maximum diameter of 1.8 mm and the distance of 0.8 mm between the peaks of the threads. The threaded rods were sharpened at their tops.
10 mm deep holes were drilled in the distal part of a cow femur in the cancellous bone area by using a 1.1 mm bone drill. Holes were threaded with a tapping device, having the same profile as the above mentioned, threaded rod parts. The threaded rods were screwed in the holes, made in the bones and having a thread profile, by fixating the rods at their smooth part in the socket of the drilling machine and by screwing the screw thread parts of the rods into the holes. Draw-out force of both self-reinforced and non-reinforced threaded rods were measured by fixating the socket of the drilling machine to a mechanical testing device and by drawing the threaded rod out of the bone. A relative draw-out force was determined to the self-reinforced rods in a following manner:
By measuring the draw-out forces to five self-reinforced and five non-reinforced threaded rods, an average of 1.4 was obtained for the relative draw-out force of self-reinforced, threaded rods. A screw-threaded rod of self-reinforced material implanted in the bone was thus significantly better compared to an implant of non-reinforced material.
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Cook tortellini to desired doneness as directed on package.
Heat oven to 350°F.
Lightly grease 2 quart casserole.
In large bowl, combine cooked tortellini and all remaining ingredients except Parmesan cheese; mix well.
Spoon into greased casserole.
Cover; bake at 350°F. for 40 to 50 minutes or until thoroughly heated, stirring twice during baking.
Remove from oven; uncover.
Sprinkle with Parmesan cheese.
Cover; let stand 2 to 3 minutes or until cheese is melted.


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