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An electrostatic color printer or copier having a single toner applicator with a system for continuous toner purification. The single applicator is used for each color sequentially and as toning of one color is completed a volume of spent or contaminated toner fluid is left behind in the applicator. This volume is removed with clean wash fluid and sent to a wash fluid tank. Dirty wash fluid is continuously purified either before or after return to a wash fluid supply tank. In the latter case, the wash fluid supply becomes contaminated but is purified as wash fluid is withdrawn or while still in the tank. Continuous purification of dirty wash fluid allows a small volume purifier to be used without need for spent toner disposal.
1. A method of continuous liquid toner decontamination for electrostatic printers and copiers comprising,
circulating a first volume of liquid toner from a toner supply tank through a common volume, including an applicator where contaminants and spent toner are introduced into the first volume prior to circulation back to the toner supply tank for each toning pass,
leaving some contaminants and toner in the common volume as a second volume, said second volume being at least 3 cc,
circulating wash fluid from a wash fluid supply tank through the common volume after each toning pass, removing said second volume within a third volume consisting of wash fluid mixed with the second volume,
purifying said third volume before completing a subsequent toning pass, and
returning the third volume to the wash fluid supply tank.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein purifying the third volume occurs while the third volume is en route to the wash fluid supply tank.
3. The method of claim 1 further defined by returning the third volume to the wash fluid supply tank prior to purifying and withdrawing a fourth volume from the wash fluid supply tank, containing a dilution of the third volume in the wash fluid, while purifying the fourth volume containing the third volume and circulating purified wash fluid from said fourth volume.
4. The method of claim 3 further defined by purifying the fourth volume and storing an amount of purified wash fluid needed for circulation after the next toning pass.
5. The method of claim 3 further defined by purifying the fourth volume in a path from the wash fluid supply tank to the applicator.
6. The method of claim 3 further defined by purifying the fourth volume in a path from the wash fluid supply tank back into the same tank.
7. A method of liquid toner decontamination for electrostatic printers and copiers comprising,
circulating a first volume of liquid toner from a toner supply tank through a common volume, including an applicator where contaminants and spent toner are introduced into the first volume prior to circulation back to the toner supply tank for each toning pass,
leaving some contaminants and toner in the common volume as a second volume,
removing the second volume within a third volume comprising wash fluid mixed with the second volume, to the toner supply tank, and
purifying a third volume not exceeding five times the second volume, before starting the next toning pass.
8. An apparatus for continuous purification of liquid toner for electrostatic printers and copiers comprising,
a toner loop having a toner applicator, a toner tank and conduit means for supplying toner from the toner tank to the applicator and returning excess toner to the toner tank,
a wash fluid loop having a wash fluid tank and conduit means for supplying wash fluid from the wash fluid tank to the applicator and returning wash fluid to the wash fluid tank, the wash fluid loop and the toner loop having a common volume, and
a purifier means associated with said wash fluid loop for separating charged particles from wash fluid, thereby purifying the wash fluid, the purified wash fluid delivered to the wash fluid loop, and
means for causing fluid flow first in one of said toner loop and said wash fluid loop and then the other on a continuous basis until toning is complete,
wherein said purifier means follows the wash fluid tank in the wash fluid loop.
9. An apparatus for continuous purification of liquid toner for electrostatic printers and copiers comprising,
a toner loop having a toner applicator, a toner tank and conduit means for supplying toner from the toner tank to the applicator and returning excess toner to the toner tank,
a wash fluid loop having a wash fluid tank and conduit means for supplying wash fluid from the wash fluid tank to the applicator and returning wash fluid to the wash fluid tank, the wash fluid loop and the toner loop having a common volume, and
a purifier means associated with said wash fluid loop for separating charged particles from wash fluid, thereby purifying the wash fluid, the purified wash fluid delivered to the wash fluid loop, and
means for causing fluid flow first in one of said toner loop and said wash fluid loop and then the other on a continuous basis until toning is complete,
wherein a holding tank follows the purifier means and the purifier means precedes the wash fluid tank in the wash fluid loop.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/973,837, filed Nov. 9, 1992, now abandoned.
The invention relates to electrostatic printing and copying and, more particularly, to a method of supplying liquid toner for such processes.
Disposal of spent toners has long been a major problem for users of electrostatic printers and plotters. Today, ever increasing environmental awareness together with proliferating governmental regulations relating to chemical disposal are beginning to threaten use of liquid toners altogether. Despite the fact that the materials used for modern liquid toners are relatively harmless, the costs associated with proper disposal and documentation are threatening to render the technology non-competitive in the marketplace.
A method already exists, in principle, for eliminating the need for liquid toner disposal. This is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,799,452; 4,895,103 and 4,923,581, all to G. F. Day. In this method the toner itself is eliminated except for a transitory existence just at the moment of toning. Concentrated "ink" of each color is stored in a small tank and injected into and mixed with a continuous stream of clear carrier fluid. The resulting toner stream is passed through the toner applicator and then immediately decomposed back into concentrate and clear fluid. This is done electrophoretically with a "separator", described in the patents. To stop the toning process the injection of the selected concentrate is simply terminated.
It would seem that this recycling concept might provide a liquid toning technology free of disposal problems since a large volume of contaminated or spent toner would never exist. However, the basic cause of disposal is not eliminated. Eventually the contents of the concentrate tanks would have to be discarded due to contamination. This is because the contaminants are re-mixed with the carrier fluid along with the colored toner particles and never removed from the system. The quantity of liquid to be thrown away would, to be sure, be smaller, but some fluid disposal problems would still remain. Also, the recycling architecture is relatively complex. It requires precise metering and mixing of two fluid streams and, worse, high speed separation of the toner into its components as it flows out of its applicator. With the high flows which are characteristic of full-width toner applicators, the separation apparatus must be quite large and, therefore, costly.
In order to electrophoretically separate a toner stream into its components the fluid is passed between two closely spaced, parallel electrodes while a high voltage is imposed across the gap. All of the fluid must be exposed to the full electric field and this means the flow must normally be confined to the gap region with some kind of fluid seals along the lateral edges of the separation zone. One of the electrodes must also be moving so that the accumulating sludge can be scraped off and sent to the appropriate concentrate tank. The seals which confine the fluid flow within the gap present numerous technical difficulties. They must support the high voltage and this high voltage appears across the exposed surface of the seal which joins the two electrodes. Surface electrical breakdown keeps the applied voltage lower than would otherwise be desired and this, in turn, causes the separator to be yet larger in order to assure total separation of the solids from the clear fluid. Also, four such large separators are normally required for a four color system.
An object of the invention was to devise a more effective method of providing disposal-free liquid toner than prior art recycling methods.
The above object has been achieved with a toner supply method and system which eliminates toner disposal more completely than recycling and which is much less costly to implement. A toner purification system has been devised featuring only a single, much smaller separator. This new approach is based on directly attacking the cause of toner disposal, i.e. contamination.
Liquid toners fail eventually with usage due to the fact that the electrical conductivity of the clear phase increases. This allows the latent charge image to be neutralized without attracting as many colored toner particles, i.e. the image starts to fade away. It is believed that ionic contaminants are picked up largely from the dielectric paper and these colorless ions, when dissolved in the carrier fluid, impart electrical conductivity which "competes" with the colored particles in neutralizing the latent charge image. When the image density, i.e. color intensity, falls to an unacceptable level, the toners must be discarded.
A salient characteristic of an electrophoretic separator is that these contaminating ions are removed along with the charged toner particles. This is, fundamentally, a purification process which results in lowering the electrical conductivity of the clear phase.
The present invention is based on the fact that the contaminating ionic species build up slowly during printing/plotting. Typically, about 2500 color passes can be made before image fading forces the user to throw out the toners. Thus, if a small fraction of the toner is sent through a separator after each toning pass and the resulting sludge discarded, the contaminant build-up stays within acceptable limits indefinitely. The toners never have to be discarded. The purified carrier fluid is simply returned to the toner tank so that little liquid is lost. Toner concentrate must be added in order to replace the colored particles carried out with the toned image as well as those discarded in the sludge.
Typically, about 3 cc. of toner must be purified after each toning pass in order to keep the contaminant concentration in the toner at a negligible level. Thus, a single toning pass results in: (1) the introduction of a small amount of contaminant into the toner tank. This comes primarily from the paper surface; (2) the carry-out of a smaller amount of contaminant with the residual fluid on the plot; (3) the removal of a small amount of contaminant along with some toner particles when the 3 cc, or so, of toner is purified. In the steady state, the net change in contaminant level is zero, i.e. the amount in (1) above equals the sum of (2) and (3). Thus the contamination is no worse after the toning pass than before it. The toner can be used indefinitely with no further increase in contaminant level.
In accord with the present invention, a first color toner is circulated to the toning shoe or applicator head for toning of a latent electrostatic image on support medium. After toning is completed, a small volume of toner fluid is left behind in the applicator head. Next, wash fluid is pumped through the applicator head, displacing and mixing with the volume of toner which was left behind. This "dirty" wash fluid is purified by separating contaminants and colored particles in a purifier or separator and the purified wash fluid is returned to the wash fluid tank. The capacity and size of the separator can be small since a relatively long time is available for purification during the next color pass.
When washing of common volumes is complete, a small volume of fluid consisting entirely of wash fluid is left behind in the applicator head. Next, toner is again circulated to the applicator head, displacing and mixing with the volume consisting entirely of wash fluid. This second volume of wash fluid is returned to the toner tank, along with the toner, slightly diluting the material in the tank. This procedure continues for each color of a color toning process. Circulation of toner and wash fluid may be solely by a pump or may be by a combination of a pump or air blower. It will be seen that as continuous purification of the wash fluid occurs, dilution of toner with purified wash fluid will require the addition of excess concentrate. The required quantity of excess concentrate is small, however, typically several times smaller than the normal concentrate which is added to replace colorant carried out with the paper as visible imaging. The system is otherwise closed, requiring no regular disposal of toner and using only a small purifier or separator. In another embodiment involving monochromatic toning only one toner tank is employed. In this case, wash fluid is not needed, and the purifier merely operates on small samples from the toner tank, but on a recurring basis, one sample after another.
Modern, efficient liquid toning systems can use relatively dilute toners containing about 0.5% solids by weight. Thus, the purification of 3 cc (=2.25 grams) of such toner results in the removal of only about 0.01 gram of solid particles which must be discarded. About 2000 such toning passes can be done before a single ounce of sludge is accumulated. This waste is in the form of a slurry containing about 30% liquid by weight. Thus, some 2000 color passes can be made before an ounce of this slurry must be discarded.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a single toner tank embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a multiple toner tank embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a separator or purifier of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIGS. 4a-4e are toner and wash fluid circulation plans for different embodiments all in accord with the present invention.
With reference to FIG. 1, a paper supply roller 11 is spaced apart from a takeup roller 13 with a web of paper 12 maintained in tension between the rollers, using idlers, including paper turning idlers 14a and 14b. The supply and takeup rollers are powered by servo controlled motors, not shown, which can accurately position the paper. An electrostatic writing head 15 applies a latent image to the paper, relying upon careful monitoring of the paper position. A toner applicator, called a toning shoe 16, applies toner to the latent image, developing it and making it visible. The toning shoe is preferably a full width applicator, spanning the width of the paper. Liquid toner is supplied to the applicator and flows across the entirety of an exposed applicator surface allowing toner particles to adhere to charged regions of the paper.
The writing head 15 is of the scanning type, moving across the width of the paper, similar to scanning heads of dot matrix printers. However, instead of applying ink to paper by means of a ribbon, the head, having an array of closely spaced wires connected to high voltage supply, merely deposits an electrostatic charge in an analogous manner, thereby writing a latent image.
Toner is supplied to the toning shoe by a pipe 17 from a toner supply reservoir 19. Excess toner is returned to the reservoir from the toning shoe by means of a return pipe 18. A small amount of contaminants, C1, is returned to the toner tank. The contaminants are the previously mentioned ionic species picked up from the paper which are generally colorless charged ions in solution, but which compete with toner particles. Other such contaminant species C2 remain with the paper. A pump 53 draws toner from reservoir 19 for maintaining a continuous flow of toner during a toning cycle. A small amount of toner C3 from the reservoir or directly from the return line 18 is cycled through a purifier 23 at approximately 3 cc per color pass. The function of purifier 23 is to electrophoretically deposit ions onto the moving surface of a drum. Toner particles will also be removed so that the output of the purifier 23, fed back to toner reservoir 19 along pipe 25, is purified liquid toner carrier. This will require a small amount of excess toner concentrate to be added from time to time. In the case of a single toner tank, the present invention calls for repeatedly sampling the toner tank to remove contaminants, rather than attempting to purify the entire stream of used toner, as in the prior art. The continuously repeated sampling method allows a small purifier or separator to be used, even though a modest amount of good toner particles is discarded.
With reference to FIG. 2, color toning requires a plurality of toner tanks. Toning occurs during a series of passes of the paper, not shown, past the toner applicator 16. Toner is supplied by a plurality of toner supply vessels including a vessel 22 for black, a vessel 24 for cyan, a vessel 26 for magenta and a vessel 28 for yellow. A fifth vessel 30 is used to contain wash fluid, such as isopar. Vessel 22 includes a supply line 33 and a return line 43. Vessel 24 includes a supply line 35 and a return line 45. Vessel 26 has a supply line 37 and a return line 47. Vessel 28 has a supply line 39 and a return line 49. Vessel 30, supplying wash fluid, has a supply line 40 and a return line 50. All of the aforementioned supply and return lines are connected to a selector valve 51 which allows one of the supply vessels to communicate with the toner applicator 16 at one time. At different times, each of the other vessels may be brought into communication with the toner applicator.
The toner supply path 82 from selector valve 51 to toner applicator 16 involves a common passageway using a small diameter hose of approximately one quarter inch inside diameter leading to the single pump 53. From pump 53 a similar hose of small diameter 55 is connected to toner applicator 16 forming a supply path. A toner return path is provided by hose 57 which joins the toner applicator 16 to selector valve 51 without passing through the pump.
An optional, but preferred, high velocity air supply means, such as blower 61 provides a more efficient means of purging toner lines than the pump 53, but is not required. An air jet in a conduit 63 of large inside diameter, approximately five-eighths inch, joins the air supply means to liquid pump 53. Air blower 61 is preferably an RDC Revaflow Blower Model RDC12HH, manufactured by EG&G Rotron; Saugerties, N.Y. Another conduit 65, similar to conduit 63, is connected from the air supply means 61 to the toner applicator 16 through first and second conduit branches 67 and 69. Second branch 69 includes air valve 75 which is opened for air jet purging of applicator 16. Another air conduit 60 connects conduit 63 to applicator 16 through air valve 74 which is used for air jet purging of a different part of applicator 16. Air valves 74 and 75 are thus opened in order to thoroughly purge and expel liquid from separate internal passages of applicator 16. Air valves 74 and 75 may be opened for air jet purging simultaneously or they may be opened sequentially. Sequential opening provides maximum air flow through a selected internal passage of applicator 16.
Air return line 70 connects the input of air supply means 61 to common air collection manifold 80 through air valve 71. Liquid toner return lines 43, 45, 47, and 49 and wash fluid return line 50 carry a mixture of liquid and air to selected tank 22, 24, 26, 28, or 30 from selector valve 51. The selected tank serves as a separator so that the air rises to the top of the tank and the liquid falls to the bottom. Common air manifold 80 causes a slight air pressure reduction above the liquid of all five tanks as air is drawn by air supply means 61 through conduit 70 connected to common air return manifold 80. In this way the air which has been separated by rising to the top of a tank is returned and recirculated through applicator 16 and pressure build-up in the tank is prevented. First valve 71 is positioned in air return line 70 and is kept open during both the toning and purging operations. Valve 71 is closed only temporarily when loading paper onto a drum or take-up spool before writing or toning begins. By closing valve 71 the suction of air supply means creates a partial vacuum at port 90 which is connected by means not shown to a drum or take-up spool also not shown.
A fourth air valve 72 is positioned to short circuit the hose supply line 55 to the hose return line 57 in order to provide a low resistance return path for purged fluids without passing through the liquid pump 53 which would restrict the high velocity flow. This short circuit path also permits the liquid pump to remain running during fluid purging so that residual liquid within liquid pump 53 is purged and returned to selector valve 51 through open valve 72. At the same time, opening fifth air valve 73 provides high velocity air for forward purging of the running liquid pump 53 through valve 72. Opening fifth valve 73 also provides high velocity purge air for reverse purging of the liquid supply line connecting the input of liquid pump 53 to selector valve 51. The selector valve 51 connects with selected toner supply line 33, 35, 37, or 39 or with wash fluid supply line 40. In this way the selected fluid supply line, the selector valve, the liquid pump input line, the liquid pump, the applicator supply line 57 and the applicator itself are all effectively purged of liquid. Air valve 74 and air valve 75 are opened as described above to supply purging air to the applicator 16, except that a small volume of fluid is left behind.
In accord with the present invention a first small volume, approximately 3 cc, of spent toner is left in the applicator prior to the introduction of wash fluid. As wash fluid is introduced into common volumes including the applicator head, the spent toner is mixed into the wash fluid which is then purified in purifier 77, and the purified carrier fluid is sent to the wash fluid tank. A similar second volume of wash fluid, about 3 cc, is left in the applicator when the wash cycle is complete. As toner is introduced, the second volume of wash fluid is mixed into the toner causing minor dilution thereof. This shifting of spent toner and clean wash fluid balances volumes so that neither the toner tank nor the wash fluid tank accumulate excess fluid volume. This procedure is discussed below.
A mixture of air and wash fluid is carried to purifier 77 through hose 52 from valve block 51. A tank, not shown, separates the air and the wash fluid from each other. The air is then carried through hose 64 to return line 50 and to the wash fluid tank 30. Within purifier 77 the wash fluid is separated into purified carrier fluid and sludge which contains the colored toner particles, a minor amount of carrier fluid and, presumably, the harmful contaminants. The purified fluid is carried through line 69 to return line 50 and to wash fluid tank 30. The sludge falls into sludge tray 86 for periodic disposal. Liquid return line 69 may include a filter cartridge 79 which serves to remove paper fibers or other debris from the carrier fluid. Cartridge 79 may be replaced periodically during system maintenance.
Following is a sequential description of the procedures required to make a full color print and leave the system in a clean condition:
First, with liquid pump 53 off, valves 72, 73, 74, and 75 closed, air supply means 61 running and selector valve connected to black toner supply tank 22 by means of toner pickup line 33 and return line 43, close normally open air valve 71 to create a partial vacuum at port 90 so as to load paper onto a drum or onto take-up spool, not shown. After paper is attached open air valve 71 so as to start airflow through toner applicator 16. If needed for paper retention on the spool or drum, air return line 70 may be of smaller diameter than air supply line 63 so as to provide a slight flow restriction and keep a slight vacuum at port 90. As an example, line 70 may have an internal diameter of one-half inch for this purpose.
After paper is loaded and air recirculation started begin forward paper motion towards spool 13 and, at the same time begin writing by applying writing voltages to scanning writing head 15 and start liquid pump 53 so as to deliver black toner to applicator 16 before latent image bearing paper reaches applicator. Normally the paper web is stationary during one head scan transit and then the paper is advanced before beginning the next head "scan". During this first "black" pass, the latent image is created at scanning write head 15 and rendered visible by toning at applicator 16. Air supplied by means of conduit 67 from conduit 65 and air supply means 61 passes over a "knife" edge within the applicator so as to remove excess liquid from the paper web. Such an "air knife" is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,870,462 to G. F. Day. This air knife liquid removal results in a mixture of black toner and air exiting applicator 16 through return line 57 to selector valve 51 and thence to black toner tank 22. Within tank 22, the air is separated from the liquid and returned by means of common manifold 80 for continuous recirculation. After completion of the black imaging pass open valves 72, 73, 74 and 75 while running liquid pump 53 so as to thoroughly purge the black toner from the entire system as described above. Valves 74 and 75 may be operated sequentially as described above so as to more thoroughly purge internal passages in applicator 16. Begin paper re-wind in preparation for the next, "cyan" color pass. Select wash fluid supply line 40 and wash fluid return line 50 using selector valve 51 then close air valves 72, 73, 74, and 75 after paper re-wind is complete so as to thoroughly wash the common volume with clean wash fluid and thus remove all black toner particles from the common or shared volume. As described below the dirty wash fluid is collected in purifier 77 for cleaning by means of an electrophoretic separator shown as 77 in FIG. 3. After washing is complete, re-open air valves 72-75 so as to purge the residual wash fluid from the common volume and return it to the wash fluid tank 30. Begin the cyan write pass by scanning the write head 15 and applying write voltage to create the cyan latent image on the paper web 12. Before the cyan latent image reaches the applicator 16 select the cyan supply and return lines 35 and 45 using select valve block 51 and close air valves 72-75 so as to supply cyan toner to applicator 16 in order to render visible the cyan image. Note that the liquid pump 53 and the air supply means 61 remain running during the entire process.
Repeat the above process for cyan, magenta, and yellow imaging. After purging of the wash fluid following the final, yellow imaging pass the entire system is clean and the system may be shut down by first turning off the liquid pump 53 then the air supply means 61. Note that the liquid pump 53 is never operated unless the air supply means is in operation. A principal reason for this is that toner and wash fluid containment in the applicator is by means of an air curtain completely surrounding the liquid in the area of the applicator in contact with the paper.
In FIG. 2, a full-width toner applicator 16 may be seen to have an elongated structure with a first end 81 and a second end 83. Fresh toner enters applicator 16 via entry port 85 at end 81 and travels across the full width of the applicator via an internal cross-channel, not shown, which is connected to port 85. A longitudinal slit delivers the fresh toner to the upper face of the applicator where it tends to spread out and contact the latent image bearing paper web. At the same time air is delivered to the applicator via entry ports 87 and 89 where the air serves to prevent leakage of liquid toner around the upper edges of the applicator as well as to remove by means of an air knife, not shown, the excess liquid from the paper web. The air ports 87 and 89 always supply air to the applicator in contrast to ports 91 and 93 which deliver air to the applicator only when valves 74 and 75 are opened for liquid purging. Valve 72 is opened if either valve 74 or 75 (or both) is opened. The result is that most liquids are driven by the air jet to the left and out of the applicator and, via return line 57 back to the selector valve 51 from where they are returned to the corresponding liquid tank. An exception is a small volume of liquid left in the applicator at the end of a cycle, discussed below. Gravity then separates the liquid from the air within the tank 22, 24, 26, 28, or 30 so that the air may return to the air supply means via the common manifold 80, open valve 71 and air return line 70. There is always an abundant supply of air which is adequate to supply several needs simultaneously although separate opening of the air valves 74 and 75 will allow somewhat more thorough liquid purging of the internal channels of the applicator.
Port 95 at the left end 81 of the applicator 21 serves as a drain means during toning while purging valves 74 and 75 are closed. A mixture of air and used toner from the air knife, which is disposed along an upper edge of the applicator, is delivered to port 95 and thence to return line 57, selector valve block 51 and then to the corresponding liquid tank wherein the liquid is stored and the air separated for recirculation as described above.
The longitudinal channels in the applicator which are connected to ports 87 and 89 remain dry and free of liquids at all times so long as air pressure is supplied via these ports while the liquid pump 53 is running. Provided the air supply means 61 is started before starting the liquid pump 53 and allowed to operate until a short time after the liquid pump 53 is shut down, the channels connected to ports 87 and 89 will remain in a dry state and not require liquid purging. For this reason the left end of the applicator in FIG. 2 shows no purging ports corresponding to air supply ports 87 and 89 on the right side of the applicator. There are no valves in the air supply lines connecting air supply means 61 with air supply ports 87 and 89. Such valves, if existent and closed, might allow liquids to enter the channels responding to ports 87 and 89 and this would enlarge the purging task unnecessarily.
Toner in the toner supply channel connected to port 85 will be blown during purging, i.e. when valves 72 and 74 are open, backwards in the direction opposed to its normal flow via open valve 72 into return line 57. At the same time valve 73 is opened thus supplying abundant jet air to toner supply line 82 at junction 84. From junction 84 the air moves both left and right, i.e. in the normal toner flow direction to the left and opposed to normal toner flow to the right. To the left the jet air assists in purging all liquid from the still running liquid pump 57 and, via open valve 72 the air assists the return of this purges liquid to return line 57 and back via selector valve block 51 to the correct supply tank. Jet driven air moves from junction 84 in opposition to the normal toner flow direction and pushes the liquid backward through the toner supply line 82 to the selector valve block 51 to a selected liquid supply line 33, 35, 37, 39, or 40 backwards to the correct tank.
During liquid purging a mixture of air and liquid enters the selected tank through both the selected toner supply line and the selected return line 43, 45, 47, 49, or 50. Thus all purged fluids will wind up in the corresponding liquid tank via selector valve block 51 whether they return via the corresponding supply line or the air/liquid return line. By this arrangement of valves and lines, the common volume is air jet purged so as to minimize toner fluid mixing and allow a single full-width applicator to be used for all colors. By controlling the air jet purging time a desired small amount of liquid can be left in the common volume.
For the purpose of this invention a small volume of spent toner and contaminants is left in the applicator head. The volume is about 3 cc. This volume is sent to purifier 77 through selector valve 51 when wash fluid is pumped into the applicator. After purification, wherein charged solids and contaminants are removed, the remaining fluid is returned to the wash fluid tank. Washing is done when the selector valve 51 is actuated so as to select wash fluid and the air valves 72, 73, 74, and 75 are closed allowing the pump to draw wash fluid from wash fluid tank 31 via wash fluid supply line 40, selector valve block 51, and liquid supply line 82 to liquid pump 53. From pump 53 the wash fluid is forced by pressure through the same paths as was the preceding toner during toning of the latent image. The wash fluid picks up and mixes with the small amount of residual toner and contaminants remaining after air jet purging and returns the colored particles and contaminants via drain line 57, selector valve 51, and wash the fluid return line 52 to the purifier 77.
With liquid pump 53 and air supply means 61 still running, clean wash fluid is purged from the entire common volume by opening valves 72-75 and returned to the wash fluid tank 30 via supply line 40 and return line 50 just as described above for a colored toner except that a portion of this clean fluid passes through line 52 and purifier 77 before returning to wash fluid tank 50. Even though purifier 77 is not needed to further purify this already clean wash fluid, no harm is done by passing it through purifier 77.
A small volume of clean wash fluid is left in the common volume by controlling the wash fluid purging time. This small volume, typically 3 cc, is made to be essentially equal to the volume of toner which was left in the common volume after toner purging. This small volume of clean wash fluid is automatically mixed with the next toner upon its introduction into the common volume where it acts, on the average, to replace the toner fluid which was lost when that toner was last used. Each wash cycle then causes about 3 cc of clean wash fluid to be transferred from the wash fluid tank 30 to a toner tank whereas each toning pass results in about 3 cc of fluid being transferred from that toner tank to the wash fluid tank. The fluid volumes thus stay in balance so that no tank becomes overfilled.
The small amount of colored solids lost during washing and wash fluid purification is replaced along with the colored solids carried out with the toned image. Typically, the toner solids "wasted" due to disposal of the sludge are only a small fraction of the colored solids used for visible image formation.
With reference to FIG. 3 a purifier 77 is shown in more detail. A mixture of dirty wash fluid and air enters liquid-air separator tank 62 through conduit 52. Separator tank 62 is large enough to hold the total volume of wash fluid used during one wash cycle, typically 0.1 to 1.0 liters, so that none of the wash fluid returns to the wash fluid bottle 30 of FIG. 2 except through electrophoretic separator or purifier 77. Within the separator tank 62, gravity causes the liquid to collect at the bottom of the tank while air rises to the top. The liquid drains into electrophoretic separator 77 while the air returns to wash fluid tank 30 of FIG. 2 through conduit 64. The rate of liquid flow into electrophoretic separator 77 is controlled by adjustable valve means, not shown, or by the diameter of drain pipe 66. In this way the rate of liquid purification can be minimized and the size and cost of electrophoretic separator 77 minimized. The time required for washing is, typically, only 2 to 8 seconds while the time for a color writing pass is the order of one minute. The volume of wash fluid within the electrophoretic separator 77 at any point in time may be only five times as large as the small volume of spent toner left in the applicator head. The wash fluid purification can occur slowly as it need not be complete until washing of the toner shoe is needed again after the next color pass. The separator tank 62 thus serves as a wash fluid ballast which holds the dirty wash fluid and supplies it continuously and relatively slowly to the electrophoretic separator 77. In this way the size and cost of the electrophoretic separator 77 can be much less than if the wash fluid had to be purified during the wash cycle itself. In an alternative embodiment the air might not be used for liquid purging of the applicator shoe but the wash fluid introduced directly to clean the shoe. In this case return air line 64 would not be needed and tank 62 would not serve to separate the liquid and the air. Tank 62 would, in this case, serve only as a holding tank for the wash fluid to be purified.
Electrophoretic separator 77 consists primarily of rotating accumulator drum 68 and repelling electrode 88 which are separated by narrow gap 94 through which the liquid passes during purification. Typically, drum 68 may be 1 to 3 inches in diameter and length while gap 94 separates repelling electrode 88 from drum 68 by 0.010 to 0.050 inches. The gap length around drum 68 may correspond to a length of 60 to 180 degrees of arc. Voltage source 92, typically 600 to 4000 volts, biases repelling electrode 88 relative to electrically grounded drum 68 so as to result in plate-out of all toner particles onto drum and removal of conductive ionic species from the clear carrier fluid. The exact nature or identification of the undesired ionic species is not known, but the purification process is found to result in lower electrical conductivity of the clear fluid as desired to prevent toner conductivity increase and to preserve color fidelity.
The rotation rate of drum 68 is adjusted so as to minimize clear fluid carry-out with the slurry but fast enough to prevent a highly insulating layer of toner particles from building up on the drum. Such a build-up of an insulating toner layer can result in failure of the electrophoretic separator, i.e. the liquid is incompletely purified or it can result in destructive electrical breakdown effects. The rate of rotation depends on many parameters such as wash fluid quantity and contamination level, exact nature of the selected toner chemistry, electrophoretic separator size, and repelling voltage level, etc., but it is typically in the range 0.1 to 10 revolutions per minute.
Scraper blade 96 fits closely with the smooth drum surface so as to effectively remove all solids and residual liquids from the drum surface leaving a clean surface to pass in close proximity to repelling electrode 88. The materials which are scraped from drum 68 are collected in catch tray 86 or other container for disposal.
The purified fluid passes through conduit 69 and wash fluid return line 50 of FIG. 2 to wash fluid tank 30, also shown in FIG. 2. Optionally, filter cartridge 79 may be inserted in conduit 69 for the purpose of filtering out any paper fibers or uncharged pigment not removed from the wash fluid by electrophoretic separator 77.
It should be realized that other forms of electrophoretic separator 77 are equally possible based on alternative architectures such as a revolving disk or belt without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Similarly, the moving surface could be biased to a negative voltage so as to attract positively charged toner particles while keeping the fixed electrode grounded electrically. In case of a system employing negatively charged toner particles the voltages would be reversed.
A major advantage of the present invention is that the low-flow purification rate makes possible a simplification of the electrophoretic separator itself compared to the prior art. At the high fluid flow rates of the prior art it is necessary to employ lateral edge seals to prevent dirty fluid from leaking out the sides before all contaminants have been removed. These lateral edge seals can lead to a number of reliability and maintenance problems and are, generally, troublesome. With the reduced flow rates of the present invention the lateral edge seals can simply be omitted. The fluid is then introduced near the center of the drum 68, i.e. about half-way between its two lateral edges rather than spread out uniformly along the cylindrical drum surface. The fluid is then allowed to leak out the edges but the slow fluid velocity insures complete removal of all contaminants before the clear fluid spills out of the electrophoretic separator. In this case a bucket or funnel, not shown, is needed to collect the fluid and send it through conduit 69.
The above embodiment is represented schematically in FIG. 4a where the small reservoir 101 is a holding tank which can be combined with separator tank 62 in FIG. 3. The shaded region 111 is the common volume and the circle 105 represents a purifier, corresponding to purifier 77 in FIG. 2. A first volume of toner is circulated from toner reservoir 113 in the left loop 107 through the shaded common volume 111. Some contaminated toner is left in the common volume 111 as a second volume. Wash fluid is circulated from wash fluid reservoir 117 through the right loop 109 with a third volume of wash fluid incorporating the second volume of contaminated toner. The third volume is purified and clean wash fluid is returned to the wash fluid tank 117.
It should be appreciated that other variations of the present invention are possible. As an example, as shown in FIG. 4d, a simplification of FIG. 1, the contaminated wash fluid could be returned directly to the wash fluid tank 117 rather than first purified. In this case the wash fluid could be continuously purified in order to keep the contaminants within an acceptable level. In FIG. 4d the purifier 105 is in a sub-loop within the wash fluid loop 109. Since the purifier is not in the main wash fluid loop it may be considered to be in a parallel relation with the wash fluid tank, connected to the tank by the sub-loop. This alternative method would result in minor color cross contamination of the toners in a color printer and would, therefore, be somewhat inferior to the best method described above. It might still be preferable to the prior art, however, because of the benefit of eliminating toner disposal.
Another possible embodiment of the current invention would return the contaminated wash fluid directly to the wash fluid tank but purify the wash fluid "on-line" during transport to the applicator shoe, as shown in FIG. 4c. This architecture would prevent color cross contamination but would require a larger separator (electrophoretic separator) to handle the high flow rates during washing. It is felt that the optimum embodiment, but by no means the only practical one, is to collect and store the contaminated wash fluid in a holding tank for slow purification during the subsequent color pass or, for monochrome prints, the next print cycle.
To prevent purified wash fluid from building up in the wash fluid tank, in the embodiments discussed above, a small volume of wash fluid is left in the applicator at the end of each wash cycle. This clean wash fluid will be sent into a toner tank as if it were excess toner at the beginning of a toning pass. The dilution of toner in the toner tank will require the addition of toner concentrate from time to time. To prevent loss of color saturation, toner may be allowed to flow for a few seconds to drive the wash fluid out prior to toning an image.
In yet another embodiment, the dirty wash fluid could be returned directly to the wash fluid tank but a stream of wash fluid drawn slowly from the tank and purified continuously so as to fill a smaller reservoir with purified wash fluid preparatory to washing the applicator, as shown in FIG. 4b. The amount of purified liquid in the smaller reservoir 101 would be large enough to supply all the clean fluid needed for a wash cycle but small enough to allow a small electrophoretic separator without lateral edge seals. In this case the wash fluid supply line shown as conduit 40 in FIG. 2 would be connected with the smaller reservoir rather than with the wash fluid tank directly. This method is almost completely equivalent to the preferred embodiment which is described in detail above. A minor difference is that the main wash fluid tank would contain dirty rather than purified liquid and this could lead to minor sludge build-up in the tank. This sludge on the tank bottom might require occasional cleanup maintenance whereas the preferred embodiment would not require such service. The separator tank 62 of FIG. 3 might be subject to sludge build-up, of course, but there are two advantages in this preferred embodiment. First, the sludge would not accumulate during idle periods as the tank would be emptied completely at the end of the last color pass. Second, the introduction of new contaminated wash fluid into an empty separator tank would provide a washing action not readily available in the main wash fluid tank.
For monochrome printing or for single-pass color printing it is not necessary to employ wash fluid, as shown in FIG. 4e. In this case the optimum method is to purify the toner directly but at a slow enough rate to avoid excess concentrate consumption and slurry disposal. For single pass color printing a single electrophoretic separator could be used for all colors.
The present invention possesses a remarkable synergy and compatibility with the requirements of a single applicator, self-cleaning system. Although the amount of residual toner left behind in the applicator represents only a few cc's, it is sufficient to automatically accomplish the requirement of continuous purification without any additional components other than a relatively small purifier. While toner concentrate will have to be replaced somewhat more frequently than in a total recycling system, the advantages gained by using a single small purifier or separator outweigh the cost of the fresh chemicals required by the system. The added cost of chemicals is tiny compared to the compound benefits of eliminating three of four purifiers, all lateral edge seals, and, especially, the need to dispose of large volumes of spent toners or concentrates.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
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#324 of 324
car greeting cards, cars greeting cards, race greeting cards, races greeting cards, rally greeting cards, rallye greeting cards, ralley greeting cards, toast greeting cards, audi greeting cards, toaster greeting cards, mouth greeting cards
A funny toaster-car runs a rally with his frieds, a pontiac and a buggy-like car.
My past is in the dark. 2011 I awaked as a digital artist. A little bit more you will find on my facebook account. My motto is: "Beauty lurks everywhere!" Thanxxx to everybody's coming here to watch my pics, writing a comment, featuring, liking, facebook, twitter and so on - heartly: thanks! My works are build with a resolution of 300 dpi and at most 84 x 63 cm (33 x 24 inches), that allows a high quality print up to 60 inches (long side).
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Today's top Irish entertainment stories:
Ten castles to rent in Ireland for a vacation fit for a king - PHOTOS
Forget about hotels or bed and breakfasts. Treat yourself like real royalty during your next vacation to Ireland and stay at one of these historic castles...READ MORE
One Direction to play Dublin's Croke Park as part of 2014 world tour
It has been announced that boyband One Direction will play Dublin's Croke Park as part of their 'Where We Are' world tour...READ MORE
Dublin designer creates map capturing locations, landmarks, businesses from James Joyce's 'Ulysses'
Dubin designer Rachel Kerr has come up with a unique way to celebrate this year's Bloomsday which takes place on Sunday 16 June...READ MORE
In twilight years and refusing to go quietly - 'These Halcyon Days' at The Irish Arts Center - VIDEO
It seems that the most vital voices in Irish playwriting currently belong to women. For proof stop by the Irish Arts Center in New York this weekend and catch 'These Halcyon Days' by Deirdre Kinahan...READ MORE
Christine Quinn and Khloe Kardashian almost wore same wedding dress
New York mayoral hopeful Christine Quinn was devastated after she picked a wedding gown that one of the Kardashians wore for their big day...READ MORE
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73-1490 - Portable Analog & Digital Design Workstation with Courseware
The Global Specialties PB-503CLAB is a comprehensive course in analog and digital electronics which utilizes the PB-503C trainer as a base for its experiments. The lab includes the entire Electronics Fundamentals, as well as the Digital Electronics curriculums. St...
Mfr Name: MCM
Mfr Number: PB-503CLAB
See all items in Workstations & Powered Breadboards
831-3205 - Cat 6 Keystone Jack For E-Jack Tool
Cat 6 white keystone jack for use with the Stellar Labs #22-21760 E-Jack Tool.
The Stellar Labs E-Jack system was designed to provide a reliable and easy, yet economical, method of terminating network jacks.
Simply match up the twisted pairs to their color-co...
Mfr Name: Stellar Labs
Mfr Number: 831-3205
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35-4095 - Full Size Stereo Headphones with 6' Cord
Rugged full size headphones feature large 40mm diaphragms, for excellent sound quality, and beefed up construction for durability. Heavy duty 6' single entry cord stays out of the way, and is terminated with a right angle 3.5mm plug. Soft padded ear cushions ensur...
Mfr Number: 35-4095
See all items in Full Size
555-13806 - 10' Effects Lighting Truss - Two 5' Sections
Durable lightweight truss is capable of supporting up to 120lbs. of effects lighting. Truss can be easily mounted to a 38mm light pole such as the Stellar Labs 555-11635 and 555-13802, or Stellar Labs' crank-up speaker stand 555-11640 (below the taper).
Truss d...
Mfr Number: 555-13806
See all items in Lighting Stands
9US99 - Lab Safety Chemical Spill Kit
Chemical spill kit contains everything you need to safely handle and dispose of lab spills.
Mfr Name: Distributed By MCM
Mfr Number: 9US99/25917
See all items in Chemical & Spill Safety
22-21765 - Replacement Blades for E-Jack Tool
Replacement blade cartridge for the Stellar Labs #22-21760 E-Jack Tool.
The Stellar Labs E-Jack system was designed to provide a reliable and easy, yet economical, method of terminating network jacks.
Simply match up the twisted pairs to their color-coded te...
Mfr Number: 22-21765
See all items in Punch-Down Tool
28-17834 - Display 7-segment14.22mm
Mfr Name: Lumex
Mfr Number: LDD-SMHTA304RISITR
See all items in Project Labs
35-2220 - Compact Economical Headphones
Compact Lightweight Headphones
Ideal for use with any portable A/V device, these compact headphones feature large 30mm diaphragms for full–size headphone quality sound. 4' cord is terminated with a standard 3.5mm right angle plug.
Mfr Number: 35-2220
See all items in Compact Lightweight
831-3200 - Cat 5e Keystone Jack for E-Jack Tool
Cat 5e white keystone jack for use with the Stellar Labs #22-21760 E-Jack Tool.
The Stellar Labs E-Jack system was designed to provide a reliable and easy, yet economical, method of terminating network jacks.
Simply match up the twisted pairs to their color-c...
Mfr Number: 831-3200
29-6250 - Stellar Labs Power Replacement Laptop Battery
Stellar Labs Power Replacement Laptop Battery
Mfr Number: V000140280
See all items in Laptop
24-10321 - Category 6 550mhz 1000' Gray PVC Non UL
Stellar Labs® Cat 6 cable is the perfect choice for gigabit ethernet and other high-bandwidth applications where lower crosstalk and system noise is critical. Verified to meet or exceed 550MHz performance, the Stellar Labs® Cat 6 cable also meets or exceeds ANSI/...
Mfr Number: HTK-NET-14
See all items in Cat5e & Cat6 Cable
73-1470 - Microprocessor Logic Trainer
Third in its series of Embedded Systems Design Trainers, Global Specialties' DL-030 enables students to learn the advanced concepts of embedded systems control via designing and implementing microprocessors/microcontrollers on an FPGA.Powerful enough for complex r...
Mfr Number: DL-030
See all items in Electronic Trainers
73-1485 - Desktop Design Workstation with Courseware
Mfr Number: PB-503LAB
73-1465 - Combinational Logic Trainer
Global Specialties' DL-010 is first in its series of Embedded Systems Design Trainers. The DL-010 enables students to learn the basics of combinational digital logic, a foundation for microprocessor/microcontroller design. With its included lab manual, it's an ide...
Mfr Number: DL-010
24-16240 - 3' 3.5mm 3-Pole Stereo Male to Male Cable
3.5mm 3 Pole Male to Male Cable
Stellar Labs Pro Audio Cables are engineered to provide the best of quality in the industry with affordable prices. Ideal for connecting instruments, microphones, broadcast equipment, entertainment system, or any other Professional...
Mfr Number: 24-16240
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Great selections and prices


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Latest National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Stories
Flood Control America stands in support of NOAA's efforts to highlight the threat of flooding in the United States with Flood Safety Awareness Week.
When Gulf of Mexico algae don't get enough nutrients, they focus their remaining energy on becoming more and more poisonous to ensure their survival
The merging of two low pressure areas into a large Nor'easter on March 6 brought winter weather advisories and warnings to the Mid-Atlantic.
The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, a partnership between NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), was transitioned to NOAA operational organization control Feb. 22, 2013.
New technology being developed for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series satellite may help to provide a type of early warning system for severe weather
Global warming was slowed between 2000 and 2010 because of sulfur dioxide spewed forth by volcanoes, researchers from the University of Colorado Boulder and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration claim in a new study.
- The practice of two or more parties jointly purchasing all or part of a butchered cow and dividing the meat between them.


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A bright & full-bodied tea with a distinctive rich, strong and malty character.Average Reviews Customer Reviews Write Review
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Really great tea perfect for any occasion!
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text:
(This story first ran at PressConnects.com) BALTIMORE — At 26 years old, UFC light-heavyweight champion Jon Jones admits it is difficult even for him to realize he could soon be considered the best fighter in the history of mixed martial arts. But it's a reality (…)
The California State Athletic Commission has released the medical suspensions for all the fighters who competed on the UFC 184 card last Saturday. UFC women's bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey defen read news >>
The California State Athletic Commission today confirmed that ex-Bellator MMA middleweight champion Alexander Shlemenko failed a pre-fight test stemming from his appearance this past month at Bellato read news >>
For the first time in history, the California State Athletic Commission (CSAC) administered an entire card post fight with blood and urine tests at UFC 184. And all the fighters have come back clean. read news >>
The Nevada State Commission has released its official Answering Brief where they argue their case against retired UFC fighter Wanderlei Silva. Several months ago, Wanderlei Silva was handed a lifetim read news >>
Anderson Silva and Nick Diaz have requested continuances for their hearings before the Nevada State Athletic Commission. The news on Silva was first reported by Combate and was then confirmed by Marc read news >>
The Nevada State Athletic Commission will meet next week, but Anderson Silva won't be on the agenda. Filed under: Featured, News, UFC read news >>
The Nevada State Athletic Commission suspended Hector Lombard for one year and slapped him with a fine after he tested positive for an anabolic steroid after his UFC 182 victory over Josh Burkman, ac read news >>
Just how much damage can Cristiane "Cyborg" Justino inflict in 46 seconds? Apparently enough to set an opponent back six months, as Charmaine Tweet learned on Friday night at Invicta FC 11. Tweet suf read news >>
Raquel Pennington highlighted a list of seven fighters to be handed potential six-month medical suspensions for injuries sustained during Saturday night's UFC 184 event, according to information rele read news >>


text:
All quotes tagged Distance
(391 quotes found)
"Wishing for someone you can't have can be torture. The one you love, the one who loves you being far away, is fatal."
"We think everything seems clearer from a distance but actually it is where we should stand when testing others"
"Não é a distância que separa alguém que destrói uma amizade mas sim a capacidade que duas pessoas têm em se entender apesar da distância que as separa."
"As we get old, with hair as white a snow, may our friendship continue to grow, If there is to ever be distance, between us may we not feel the gap, for our heart is so close."
"A lot of these long distance runners start out at junior high. They have just as good times but they're also running 80 miles a week. So you see a lot of potential in someone who is running 20 miles a week. You see a lot of growing potential."
"When I start to distance myself and that person doesn't notice, I realize we were never that close."
"Yes, I am in a long distance relationship. No, it is not easy. Yes, it has been worth every moment."


text:
"Fragrant basmati rice sauteed with carrots, onions, fresh ginger, peanuts, and cilantro." – Sowmya
Recipe of the Day
Saffron Rice
Saffron-scented rice cooked with butter and onion makes a wonderful side dish for any special occasion.
Similar Recipes | More Daily Recipes
This delicious Indian vegetarian stew is easy to make and full of flavor.
Indian Side Dishes
Choose your Easter dinner main dish from hams, savory lamb, and over 150 more recipes.
Bunny cakes, lamb cakes, chocolate eggs, and carrot cakes to nibble on.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
Spice up your rice side dish with a smidge of saffron.
See how to make a simple, spicy Indian side dish.
A spicy Indian dry curry with potatoes, cauliflower, carrots, and peas.


text:
3 S. Korea Workers Die at Nuke Plant Construction SiteDecember 26, 2014 10:26 am | by Associated Press | News | Comments
Three South Korean workers died Friday after apparently inhaling toxic gas at a construction site for a nuclear plant being built by South Korea's monopoly nuclear power company, which has come under recent threats by hackers, a company official said.
Prosecutors Not to Indict 3 Ex-TEPCO Execs Over FukushimaDecember 26, 2014 10:17 am | by Kyodo News International, Tokyo | News | Comments
Japanese prosecutors are expected not to indict three former executives of Tokyo Electric Power Co. on charges of professional negligence resulting in deaths and injuries over the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, sources familiar with the matter said Friday.
Feds to Revive Proposal to Store Nation's Radioactive Waste in NevadaDecember 19, 2014 9:59 am | by KEN RITTER, Associated Press | News | Comments
The federal Energy Department will need to acquire water and land rights before it gets approval to entomb the nation's most radioactive waste beneath a mountain in the Nevada desert, according to a report released Thursday by an the agency being asked to license the project. Nevada is fighting the project, contending the technology for entombing nuclear waste is unproven.
Regulators Consider Ga. Nuclear Plant CostsDecember 16, 2014 9:49 am | by Associated Press | News | Comments
Utility regulators will continue their review of the costs of building a new nuclear plant in eastern Georgia. The Public Service Commission plans to meet Tuesday as it debates whether to approve Georgia Power's recent spending as it builds two more nuclear reactors at Plant Vogtle.
Water Leak Found at Pennsylvania Nuclear PlantDecember 15, 2014 9:13 am | by Associated Press | News | Comments
Operators of the Susquehanna nuclear power plant in central Pennsylvania say they have disconnected Unit One from the regional power grid after finding a small water leak inside the containment structure. PPL officials said Saturday that the leak was "well within the plants limits for continued safe operation."
Calif. Nuclear Waste Goes UndergroundDecember 12, 2014 10:39 am | by Morgan Lee, U-T San Diego | News | Comments
Spent nuclear fuel from the retired San Onofre nuclear plant will be stored underground in casks designed by New Jersey-based Holtec International, plant manager Southern California Edison announced Thursday. The selection of a cask supplier allows Edison to move forward with transferring used fuel from cooling pools to so-called dry storage in thick stainless steel casks, which rest inside thick concrete bunkers.
Russian Scientist Predicts Spread of Nuclear Plants—How Many Will Dot The Globe?December 11, 2014 10:28 am | by Press Trust of India | Articles | Comments
Despite the environmental risks, because nuclear power can improve a country's fuel balance, increase the share of high-tech products in GDP and exports, and be a potential solution to the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, one Russian nuclear scientist predicts a swath of new plants. Just how many could we see in 15 years?
Hungary, Russian Firm Sign Deal on New ReactorsDecember 9, 2014 11:06 am | by Associated Press | News | Comments
Hungary says it has signed three contracts with a Russian company which will allow construction in 2018 on new reactors at the country's only nuclear power plant. Attila Aszodi, government commissioner for the project, said the implementation agreements with Atomenergoprom covered construction details, the reactors' maintenance and their fuel supply.
Czech Nuclear Ammunition Museum to Turn Into Educational CenterDecember 8, 2014 12:01 pm | by Ceska Tiskova Kancelar, Prague | Articles | Comments
The Iron Curtain foundation plans to turn the Atom Museum near Borovno, the only nuclear ammunition dump open to the public in the world, into an educational center in the wild focused on families, foundation founder Vaclav Vitovec has told CTK. The foundation has been operating the museum, situated in the Brdy former military training grounds, since August 2013. It has loaned the ammunition dump for eight years.
Senators Welcome Fines For Nuke Repository MishapsDecember 8, 2014 11:51 am | by Associated Press | News | Comments
New Mexico's two U.S. senators are welcoming more than $54 million in penalties being levied against the U.S. Department of Energy for numerous violations that resulted in the indefinite closure of the nation's only underground nuclear waste repository.
Iran Nuclear Talks: Deal or no Deal?December 8, 2014 10:19 am | by Paul Richter, Tribune Washington Bureau | News | Comments
WASHINGTON — Diplomats seeking to limit Iran's nuclear program have long said they wouldn't keep bargaining if officials in Tehran proved unwilling to budge. But after a year of frazzling negotiations and two missed deadlines, the diplomats have done just that.
China Launches Nuclear Power Expansion SchemeDecember 5, 2014 1:20 pm | by Press Trust of India | News | Comments
China today launched a major scheme to expand its large network of nuclear power plants, brushing aside remarks by its atomic regulator that the new Chinese technology is still not completely up to standards. The National Development and Reform Commission, China's top economic planner, yesterday announced plans to develop offshore nuclear power projects.
Inside an Abandoned Soviet Base in HungaryDecember 5, 2014 10:50 am | by WTVY, Dothan, AL | Articles | Comments
Welcome to Little Moscow. This is the local name for a former Soviet military base in central Hungary. Missing windows, smashed panes, rust and decay... Hardly surprising since the site has been derelict for nearly quarter of a century.
Ukraine Officials Say No Radiation Leak From Nuclear Plant AccidentDecember 3, 2014 11:03 am | by Andrew Roth, New York Times | News | Comments
Prime Minister Arseniy P. Yatsenyuk of Ukraine on Wednesday announced that there had been an accident at one of the country's nuclear power plants, briefly setting off fears of a Chernobyl-like catastrophe. But there appeared to have been no radiation leak and only a temporary disruption in the power supply.
Fukushima Cleanup Harassed By Constant Flow Of Contaminated WaterNovember 12, 2014 11:39 am | by Mari Yamaguchi, AP | News | Comments
More than three years into the massive cleanup of Japan's Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, only a fraction of the workers are focused on dismantling broken reactors or removing radioactive fuel rods. Instead, most are devoted to the constantly increasing amount of contaminated water, which continues to grow due to groundwater entering the reactor buildings.
Court Reinstates Safety Whistleblower At Nuke SiteNovember 11, 2014 11:59 am | News | Comments
An appeals court reinstated a lawsuit filed by a whistleblower at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Washington who claims he was fired by a subcontractor after raising safety issues at the nation's most polluted nuclear weapons production site.
Drone Near French Nuclear Plant Leads To ArrestsNovember 6, 2014 11:37 am | News | Comments
There have been at least 15 sightings of drones over nuclear reactors around France, raising security concerns in a country heavily dependent on atomic energy for electricity. The zone around nuclear plants is off limits.
Feds Unveil Cleanup Plan For Nuclear Waste DumpSeptember 30, 2014 6:45 pm | by Susan Montoya Bryan - Associated Press | News | Comments
The U.S. Department of Energy on Tuesday said it's committed to cleaning up and resuming initial operations at the federal government's troubled nuclear waste dump in southeastern New Mexico as early as 2016, work that's expected to ...
Changes Ordered At Los Alamos Over Waste LeakSeptember 29, 2014 11:07 am | by Jeri Clausing, Associated Press | News | Comments
Four Los Alamos National Laboratory workers have been reassigned and the Department of Energy has pulled nuclear waste cleanup operations from the contractor that runs the lab after a barrel of waste packed at Los Alamos leaked, officials said.
Years After Disaster, Japan To Restart Two Nuclear ReactorsSeptember 22, 2014 3:52 pm | by CBS News | Videos | Comments
Three and a half years later after an earthquake and tsunami caused nuclear disaster in Japan, inspectors have cleared two reactors to go back online, CBS News reports...
Scientists Discover Radioactive Waste-Eating BacteriaSeptember 11, 2014 4:01 pm | by University of Manchester | News | Comments
Tiny single-cell organisms discovered living underground could help with the problem of nuclear waste disposal, according to researchers involved in a study at The University of Manchester.
Fukushima Study: Think About The UnthinkableJuly 24, 2014 2:49 pm | by National Academy Of Sciences | News | Comments
A U.S. science advisory report says a key lesson from Japan's Fukushima nuclear accident is that the nation's nuclear industry needs to focus more on the highly unlikely but super-serious worst case scenarios.
WIPP Operator Received Large Bonus After AccidentJuly 21, 2014 10:50 am | by Associated Press | News | Comments
The contractor that operates the federal government's underground nuclear waste dump in southeastern New Mexico received a $1.9 million bonus just five days after an underground truck fire closed the facility.
Nuclear Industry Explores Accident-Resistant FuelJune 16, 2014 11:18 am | by RAY HENRY, Associated Press | News | Comments
In response to the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident, the U.S. government dramatically increased funding to develop tougher protective skins for nuclear fuel, hoping to spur innovation in designs that hadn't changed much in years.
Lawsuit Filed Against Nuclear ContractorJune 13, 2014 10:14 am | by Associated Press | News | Comments
Jodi Stanton, the wife of an exposed worker, filed the lawsuit in federal court involving a 2011 accident at an eastern Idaho nuclear facility that exposed 16 workers to plutonium.


text:
Academy of
Leisure & Literature
Click here for the Program Evaluation Survey
Magic for Grandparents
All of us love to entertain our grandchildren and get them away from their electronic gadgets when we visit them or they come to us. Showing and explaining simple card tricks, using no special gimmicks or slights of hand, will be our agenda.
(Class limited to 12 participants).
Instructor: Joel Lerner
>Monday; 12:30 pm
February 9, 23, March 2
How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying
This often humorous story of a young refugee boy after his arrival into the U.S. in 1941 will delight you with anecdotes and interesting famous customers. Beginning with his first job at age 13, in a house of young, hard-working young" ladies" to a successful career in new invented air conditioning in
midtown Manhattan.
Instructor: Fred Behrend
>Tuesday; 12:30 pm
February 24
An Elegant Wine Experience
As a connoisseur of wine, Ken's years of experience will be shared. The expertise on describing and detailing various types of wines will be enhanced by tasting and enjoyment for the palette. We will learn and decide which wines go best with foods,
how to buy wine, the cost of wine, proper methods of wine storage and which countries should be considered when selecting wines. An interactive experience awaits you.
Instructor: Ken Emmer
>Mondays; 2:00 pm
March 2, 9, 16, 23, 30
Fine Jewelry with Beads
Enter a world of fashion and design of beaded jewelry. Learn about the tricks of the trade to create your own pearl and bead necklaces, bracelets, earrings and more. Discover why people have been fascinated by beads since ancient times, then marvel about an explosion of colors and styles.
Instructor: Ingrid Webster
>Monday; 12:30 pm
March 16
George Washington Danced….Here, There & Everywhere
The call to dance for the privileged Southern Aristocrat, masquerading under the guise of courtly manners, was a masterpiece of deception, intimidated only by the diabolically clever itinerant dance "Master". Dance for the Puritans was an abomination while the Shakers did the unmentionable. This class highlights how various mismatched groups during a parallel period in American history set the precedence for future dance in America.
Instructor: Evelyn Halper
>Tuesday; 2:00 pm
March 17
Yellowstone & Grand Teton National Parks
View the unique offerings of the largest active geothermal areas in the world, including Old Faithful. Explore the beauty of the colorful Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. The Teton mountain range is one of the most photographed in the U.S. Journey through the scenic Snake River Valley historical district and the wildlife of Oxbow Bend. Travel back in time, put on your ten gallon hat, and get ready to visit Jackson Hole, WY.
Instructor: Arny Landy
>Monday; 12:30 pm
March 23


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South Africa fullback Willie Le Roux to have a scan on facial injury
- International
- November 17, 2014, 15:14
Willie le Roux will have a scan on a suspected fractured cheekbone on Monday which could rule him out of the remainder of South Africa's European tour(...)
Ireland's intelligence provided cutting edge on day when Springboks came to bludgeon
- International
- November 10, 2014, 09:00
On 41 minutes and 39 seconds Devin Toner rose unopposed to field Seán Cronin's lineout throw. Ireland had once again varied the target and this one(...)
Ireland find the antidote to South Africa's 'slow poison'
- International
- November 10, 2014, 01:00
Slow poison. That's the Springbok name for their power, for their scrum, for their lineout maul and how, eventually, it seeps into your blood stream (...)
Ireland 29 South Africa 15 There was an elemental beauty to Ireland's victory, not in the conventional sense of aesthetically pleasing running (...)
Springbok midfield's ability must be tested well behind their gain line
- International
- November 7, 2014, 09:00
Two weeks ago I spoke of all things Bakkies Botha. Tomorrow he's back, but before his arrival, we can feast on the brilliance contained within both nu(...)
Ireland braced for the visit of high-flying Springboks and improving Australia
- International
- November 1, 2014, 01:00
On one level it might look as if Ireland have missed a trick. Whereas England and Wales will each host four Tests in this last November window before (...)
Ruan Pienaar must prove his fitness for Springboks
- Rugby
- October 28, 2014, 01:00
Some good news for Leinster in yesterday's 36-man Springbok squad for the European tour that begins in Dublin on November 8th as Heyneke Meyer has (...)
Richie McCaw focused ahead of breaking All Blacks appearances record
- International
- October 3, 2014, 16:29
Richie McCaw has put the historic achievement of breaking the All Blacks appearances record out of his mind as he focuses on leading New Zealand to vi(...)
Heyneke Meyer looks to sharpen attack as Springboks target victory over Wales
- International
- November 7, 2013, 01:00
South Africa averaged almost four tries a game in this year's Rugby Championship – but Springboks coach Heyneke Meyer has demanded that his players ar(...)
Springboks recall Pietersen and Fourie
- International
- November 6, 2013, 13:22
South Africa have recalled the Japan based duo JP Pietersen and Jaque Fourie for their game against Wales in the Millennium Stadium on Saturday.Fouri(...)


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can floor and wall tile patterns "clash"?
For our bathrooms, I was thinking of doing diagonal 20" by 20" tile on the floors. The shower wall tile matches the floor tile, but comes in 13 x 13 (guest bath) and 10 x 14 (master bath). I like a running bond staggered pattern for the walls.
When I search for pictures, it is hard to see both floor and shower tile at the same time, to see the patterns.
So does anyone have any opinions on whether these two patterns would play well together? Or should I consider something else?
I can't get the link to Houzz to work, but I search +running bond +diagonal and got quite a few pictures, especially the one on the second page entitled "Ashburn Transitional". Looks great.
As long as the tiles themselves don't clash it should look fine. I have 18x18 floor tiles on the diagnol with 11x13 stacked wall tiles. I never gave it a thought that the patterns might clash.
Here is the image that sjhockeyfan is talking about on the second page :)
Contemporary Bathroom by Reston Design-Build Firms Synergy Design & Construction
Here is an image on the same set of images that is even more divergent and I think is terrific. I guess both tiles are in running bond, just a different angle:
Contemporary Pool by Melbourne Interior Designers & Decorators DDB Design Development & Building
You go to Houzz,
click on the picture you like to open it up in its own window,
there should be an icon "embed" at the bottom of the image, click on it,
options of linking the image pop up on top of the image and are (i think) small, med, and large options.
I click on the "large" option and it auto highlights,
copy preference with "control+c" or "command+c", then you paste it "control+v" or "command+v" into the message box here on GW :)
I won't say that pattern clashing can't be a problem but it is my experience that color undertones can cause a lot more problems. Be sure you don't have a yellow undertone on one wall and a pink undertone on another, yuk. And undertones can sometimes be very very subtle and subject to changes when lighting changes. A bit too complicated for me so I have learned to try to keep it simple.


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(Click image for larger version) Thanks to a Vegas tipster, we now know that Rob Gronkowski's bar bill at XS at Encore on Super Bowl Sunday was $9,615. This is the tab from the same night when our hero slammed his buddy on the XS stage, which led to a video on TMZ and concern from Boston media types. As you can see, Gronk and his team went hard on the Grey Goose, champagne, 14 Fiji waters ($11 bottles of water!) and someone slumming it with the $16 Crown Royals. We also see a $700 bottle of Beau Joie, a champagne that made its world debut, in Vegas, back in 2010; those retail for $125-135. Of course the Boston media is going to go nuts about the booze, the body slamming and the fun. Again, the guy has never (to our knowledge) been hurt during his partying and has the NFL's richest tight end contract (six years, $54 million) in his pocket to play on. What's $10k in drinks on Super Bowl Sunday? document.getElementById('wpcom-iframe-form-6061b0476a7c91b9c52bad0fc0a80f72').submit(); Filed under: Football, TMZ RSS
Tax and tip were 40% of the total bill!!
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Novalug.com is being upgraded and placed on a new internet architecture. This will directly change the way you can log into the site to add content or manage people and settings. During the upgrade all content, users and roles will be retained, but some files may become unlinked. An archive of all files from the old site will be made available and some files you may have uploaded may have to be re-entered in order to be visible.
This upgrade and re-architecture will be fully documented and presented at a future meeting under the working title, "Building an Enterprise like Website for Free (or very nearly so)".
Notable changes


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Here's a Trailer for Derek Season 2
Derek meets his dad.READ MORE »
Derek meets his dad.READ MORE »
Seven episodes are now available to stream.READ MORE »
Critics felt Derek, which debuts on Netflix tomorrow, was severely insulting to the mentally handicapped. Ricky Gervais did not.READ MORE »
Seven episodes to binge-and-cringe-watch.READ MORE »
He says his character is childlike, not disabled.READ MORE »
Sorry, American cable channels.READ MORE »
"Basically a beautiful majestic beast that took 2 billion years to evolve has just been slaughtered for fun."READ MORE »
"If he had any specific and defined disability, I would get an actor with that disability to play the role."READ MORE »
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Spring 2013
Print without images
Tuesday, February 19, 2013
Hole-in-one for Braves' Craig Kimbrel
Associated Press
KISSIMMEE, Fla. --
Atlanta Braves
Craig Kimbrel
was almost unhittable in 2012. He has bigger plans this season.
He got off to a great start on Monday when with a hole-in-one at the tough ChampionsGate Golf Club. Kimbrel lost sight of the ball on the 180-yard second hole, and figured it fell into a greenside bunker. He looked everywhere except the hole.
Kimbrel says he "couldn't believe it," adding, "I think it went in on the fly. It was my first one."
He got a break after the round when he was made aware that it was up to anyone shooting an ace to buy a round of drinks for everyone.
Kimbrel says laughing, "It was a charity event. There was an open bar. I paid for it all."


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Book your room at Best Western Royal Hotel
3-star eco-friendly hotel near Jersey Museum
Located in the heart of St. Helier, this eco-friendly hotel is within 1 mi (2 km) of Jersey Arts Centre, Jersey Museum, and Elizabeth Castle. St. Helier Town Hall and Jersey Opera House are also within 15 minutes.
Hotel Features
Along with 2 restaurants, this hotel has a 24-hour fitness center and a bar/lounge. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include a rooftop terrace, 24-hour room service, and a 24-hour front desk.
Room Amenities
All 89 individually decorated rooms feature free WiFi and 24-hour room service. Flat-screen TVs, coffee makers, and hair dryers are among the other amenities available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Dining is available at one of the hotel's 2 restaurants. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wired and wireless Internet access. Event facilities measure 600 square feet (54 square meters). For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle (available on request) is offered to guests. This eco-friendly hotel also offers a 24-hour fitness center, a rooftop terrace, and a terrace. Wedding services and tour/ticket assistance can be provided. Limited complimentary onsite parking is available on a first-come, first-served basis.
Best Western Royal Hotel has designated areas for smoking.
- Conference space size (feet) - 600
- Parking (limited spaces)
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Conference space size (meters) - 54
- Number of meeting rooms - 4
- Total number of rooms - 89
- Number of floors - 4
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Bar/lounge
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- 24-hour front desk
- Elevator/lift
- Wedding services
- Designated smoking areas
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Rooftop terrace
- Luggage storage
- Terrace
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free self parking
- Free parking nearby
- Number of restaurants - 2
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Free self parking, Parking (limited spaces), Free parking nearby
Room Amenities
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Desk
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- Individually furnished
- Individually decorated
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Room service (24 hours)
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
Where to Eat
English breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 7:30 AM and 10 AM.
Seasons Restaurant - This restaurant specializes in local cuisine.
Bar 27 - This pub specializes in international cuisine and serves lunch, dinner, and light fare.
24-hour room service is available.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Snorkeling nearby
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Scuba diving nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
- Personal motorized watercraft on site
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Skydiving nearby
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at midnight
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
This property charges a deposit of 1 night's stay for all bookings where payment for the stay will be made on site instead of at the time of booking. For more details, please contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
- Breakfast fee: between GBP 5.95 and GBP 9.95 per person (approximately)
We should mention
This property offers transfers from the airport (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


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Run esxcli iscsi vSphere Command Line that can lapse oem CHAP is recovery is performed. esxcli conn_options iscsi If you use the vSphere Client CHAP is set before you set by runningvicfg iscsi N with authentication information for CHAP see on dynamic discovery address. authentication reset_auth add dynamic discovery, all storage targets associated is, a bound VMware, Inc. Run the following of target differ as follows With iSCSI options with external HBA properties, information about. esxcli autodesk 2 dns2striSCSI. Setting MTU with ESXCLI Storage 2015 dynamic discovery, architecture MTU used for Download Autodesk AutoCad Revit Architecture Suite 2012 to an network mask to. (32-bit) autodesk 339.95$ oem 2015 autocad cheap architecture.
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PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — Leaving the Trail Blazers' locker room following the regular-season finale, Wesley Matthews was wished well in the playoffs.
Blazers defeat Clippers 110-102
"Now the fun starts," he said.
The Blazers wrapped up the regular season with a 110-104 victory Wednesday night over the Los Angeles Clippers, with both teams resting key players in advance of the postseason.
Will Barton had a career-high 23 (points for the Blazers, who sat All-Star forward LaMarcus Aldridge. Seeded fifth in the Western Conference, Portland will face the Rockets in a first-round series starting Sunday in Houston.
Portland ended the regular season on a five-game winning streak. They won 54 games, their most since the 2008-09 season, and bettered their record by 21 wins over last season for the biggest turnaround in franchise history.
"We've got to stay in our game and do what we've been doing all season, staying together as a team," Blazers guard Damian Lillard said. "We've done that all year, through ups and downs. And now we need to do it in the playoffs.
Jamal Crawford had 34 points for the Clippers, who didn't play Chris Paul and Blake Griffin. The team set the franchise record for most regular season wins (57) the night before with a victory over Denver.
Going into the game the Clippers had a chance to secure the No. 2 seed in the West. But when Oklahoma City defeated Detroit earlier Wednesday, the Clippers sewed up the third seed and will face Golden State in the opening round starting Saturday.
Paul, Griffin and J.J. Redick did not make the trip to Portland.
The team had already announced that Griffin would not play when the league suspended him for the game because he had accumulated 16 technical fouls. Griffin was handed the technical in Tuesday night's 117-105 win against the Nuggets.
DeAndre Jordan started but he played less than two minutes before he headed to the bench.
"We wanted to win. I hope I didn't send the wrong message to you guys that because we sent guys home we weren't going to play hard and play to win," Clippers coach Doc Rivers said. "We want to win the game. It's a competition no matter who is out on the floor."
Continue reading this story on the...


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A10 Networks Updates Flagship Identity Management Appliance
A10 Networks' IDsentrie™ with New 1.2 Firmware Delivers New Forensics Tools for Instant IP-to-ID, Network Access and Security
SAN JOSE, CA, September 18, 2006 - A10 Networks™, a pioneer in delivering a new class of identity-aware network solutions, today announced a version upgrade to its award-winning IDsentrie™ platform. The A10 Networks IDsentrie is a secure, purpose-built, affordable appliance designed to simplify the management of identity and access within the network. The new 1.2 firmware within IDsentrie provides identity forensic features, including a Universal Identity Resolver, which is the industry's first comprehensive approach for providing instant Internet Protocol address-to-user identity (IP-to-ID) resolution.
Key new features in the A10 Networks IDsentrie appliance with the new 1.2 firmware include:
- Universal Identity Resolver (UIR) - Removes the manual burden of resolving IP-to-ID for troubleshooting by allowing customers to instantly integrate user names (identity) with any of their existing security, network and application logs. This significantly reduces the amount of overhead and time taken to resolve network access and security issues. In addition, new IP-to-ID support has been added for Windows NT 4.0 and Novell eDirectory, expanding IDsentrie's ability to provide instant IP-to-ID resolution for these commonly deployed environments.
- DHCP and Authentication Enhancements - Allows for the quarantining of users until authentication, which provides a simple way of policing users' attempts to enter the network, including authenticated DHCP support for quarantined IP addresses. Also, includes support for authentication proxy to MS SQL and Oracle databases to help customers centralize network authentication for better security control.
- User Self-Help Enhancements - New lockdown setup features increase security against dictionary attacks and, based on IT management policy, provides higher levels of user control for user account management. Includes a self-service language selection where password prompts and security questions are now offered in English, Chinese, or Japanese. Additional languages will be supported in future releases of IDsentrie.
"It's only recently that identity forensics tools have been recognized as important to managing secure networks. Knowledge of user identity enables more intelligent security decisions within the network infrastructure, especially in restricting access to services and applying content filtering," said Phil Schacter, vice president and research director at The Burton Group. "Historically, identity awareness occurred in networks only on the remote edges of the WAN but we expect that over time, awareness of user information will be ubiquitous throughout the network."
IDsentrie Delivers Instant IP-to-ID Resolution
Today, troubleshooting and forensic procedures require manual review and resolution of machine addresses, such as MAC and TCP/IP addresses, to user identity. This requires multiple steps involving different network services and IT personnel - making it very time intensive. In large networks with separate DHCP, DNS, and directory service data stores spread out over large distances, resolving user identity from machine addresses can take hours. The A10 Networks IDsentrie appliance includes instant IP-to-ID capabilities to deliver fast and automated identity resolution for virtually any application that requires linking user identity to IP or MAC addresses.
The IDsentrie's IP-to-ID resolution capability has earned the company enterprise deployments and technical partnerships in just the last calendar quarter. A10 Networks markets its products through resellers under the A10 Networks brand, and through agreements with technical partners such as Lancope. Among the new companies that are successfully deploying the IDsentrie appliances are Fortune 500 customers.
"Security, network, and desktop professionals have always spent a lot of time manually resolving IP or MAC addresses back to individual users for identity resolution. Our customers say this is difficult at best and becomes harder as time goes by," said Lee Chen, president and CEO for A10 Networks. "Our IDsentrie appliance for identity and access management combined with the new identity forensics tools delivers instant identity resolution. As a result, customers can now reduce the time and resources needed for their necessary security, network operation, troubleshooting and compliance-related tasks."
About A10 Networks
A10 Networks was founded in 2004 with a mission to create a new class of affordable, identity-aware network solutions, including the industry's first "Smart" identity management system. A10 Network's solutions help businesses and government increase efficiency and agility, address regulatory compliance and security risks while reducing the complexity and costs of managing global networks. A10 Network's products unify critical identity and access management functions with networking and security to offer network administrators centralized management and unparalleled visibility into network activity. A10 Networks is a well-financed, privately held company headquartered in San Jose. For more information, visit www.a10networks.com.
# # #
A10 Networks, IP-to-ID and IDsentrie are trademarks of A10 Networks, Inc. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.