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The invention deals with a new type of combustion engine, Z4-engine. It has an insulated compressor part and a work part. The temperature of the compressed gas can be controlled, for example cool. The new gas shall be transferred over the piston during a small crank angle, when the piston closes the top gear centre. The fuel shall be injected to the hot air. After the gas exchange, before the top dead centre, occurs the secondary compression of the gas, the self ignition of the mixture or the ignition. The exhaust gases exit the cylinder through the exhaust valve. The delivery rate of the compressor can be different from the stroke volume of the working pistons together. The side force of the piston can be removed by means of a twin crank mechanism. Also a normal crank mechanism is possible, thus the insulated compressor part can be for example a screw compressor.
1. A combustion engine, having an exhaust valve and a valve for the new gas coming to the cylinder (scavenging valve), each cylinder produces work at each rotation of the crank shaft, the compressor part is differentiated from the work part, after the compressor part the gas goes to the gas exchange ducts, the fuel ignites or shall be ignited (glow plug, injection of the assistant fuel, spark and so on), the exhaust gases exit through the exhaust valve,
characterized in that the scavenging gas has a high pressure (for example 20 bar), the temperature of the compressed gas can be controlled (for example lower when needed), the exhaust gas exit through the exhaust valve during about 180� crank angle, the gas exchange occurs during a small crank angle, close to the top dead centre of the piston (measured in distance), before it, as the pictures 4 and 5 shows, in other word, the gas exchange has occurred before the piston has reached its top dead centre, then the secondary compression, the self ignition of the mixture, and or the ignition and then the expansion. The size of the combustion chamber is adjustable, when needed. The fuel shall be injected to the hot compressed air.
2. Combustion engine in accordance with the patent
3. Combustion engine in accordance with the patent
4. Combustion engine in accordance with the patent
5. Combustion engine in accordance with the patent claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it has the injection of the ignition fuel.
6. Combustion engine in accordance with the patent claims 1 and 3, characterized in that it has the injection of the ignition fuel.
7. Combustion engine in accordance with the patent claims 1 and 4, characterized in that it has the injection of the ignition fuel to the gas exchange duct.
8. Combustion engine in accordance with the patent
9. Combustion engine in accordance with the patent
10. Combustion engine in accordance with the patent
[0001] The present 4-stroke engines produce power only at each second rotation of the crankshaft. This increases the size of the engine and the mechanical loses. The increase of the compression ration in a diesel engine improves the efficiency but rises also the compression temperature and thus the temperature during the combustion. This means that the thermal losses and the amount of the nitrogen oxides, NOx increase.
[0002] The disadvantages of the present combustion engines has been tried to remove by means of many new innovations. The U.S. Pat. No. 5,285,752 deals with for instance the removing of the side force of the piston, it has a compressor par in two parts, its compressor pressure (scavenging pressure) is low, perhaps 1-2 bar. (in the Z4-engine high), the gas exchange occurs at the bottom dead centre of the piston (in the Z4-engine close to the top dead centre), the gas exchange occurs through grooves in the piston shaft (in the Z4-engine through a valve). The side force of the piston is compensated by means of two adjacent crank shafts, when the connecting rod angle becomes wide (in the Z4-engine two crank shafts one after the other, small connecting rod angle). The shaft of the piston must be tightened against the high combustion pressure and temperature (this is not the case in the Z4-engine).
[0003] The EP-patent application 499741 deals with the fuel injection system for combustion engine, having an assistance combustion chamber and a mean combustion chamber. The patent application deals anyhow not with the engine side, when again the Z4 patent application deals with it.
[0004] In the engine according the DEC 2703316 publication there is a separate compressor piston and a work piston, moving so that the compressor piston moves on the average 10-15 crank shaft angle in advance compared with the work piston or about 90 crank shaft angle after it (in the Z4-engine the phase shift is 0� and 180� ). It has a heat insulation in the upper part of the cylinder, at the top of the piston and in the gas exchange duct (this is not the case in the Z4-engine, where the control of the compressed air is possible, so also the cooling when wanted), and there is a heat exchanger from the exhaust gases in the gas exchange duct, it has the fuel- and air mixture in layers (this is not the case in Z4-engine) and at least one swirl chamber (this is not the case in the Z4-engine). It differ totally from the Z4-engine.
[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 5,505,172 deals with 2-stroke engine having two separate gas mixtures, the rest of the exhaust gases in the cylinder and on the other hand the new to the cylinder entered mixture, which then shall be ignited. This deals not with the Z4-engine.
[0006] EP 0779421 A1 deals with the removing of the side force of the piston by means of crank shafts, synchronized with bevel gears and with especially short connecting rods (in the Z4-engine there is a spur gear wheel gearing and connecting rods having a normal length or a normal crank mechanism). In the engine there is a �tandem� cylinder (don't deal with the Z4-engine). It deals in this case with a totally different solution. There is a little bit similar solution in the patent U.S. Pat. No. 1,193,993 (don't deal with the Z4-engine).
[0007] In the engine, according U.S. Pat. No. 5,857,436 there is a compressor- and work piston pair, moving synchronous and a connecting duct, which connects those and is equipped with a heat exchanger. The volume of the connecting duct is equal to the delivery of one stroke of the compressor piston (the Z4-engine don't take a stand on volume of the middle duct). The gas exchange occurs at the top dead centre of the piston, at 0-volume (in the Z4-engine close to the top dead centre of the piston and is followed by (secondary compression). Fully different than the Z4-engine.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 3,623,463 deals with equal type of solution as the previous patent. Not related with the Z4-engine.
[0009] The U.S. Pat. No. 3,880,126 (Jun. 29, 1975) deals with an engine having a spark ignition, consisting of cylinder head pairs, equipped with a normal crank mechanism. The cylinder- cylinder head pairs have in their common cylinder head a connecting duct between the compressor cylinder and the work cylinder. The exhaust valve closes early �enough� in order that a relatively big volume of exhaust gases remains in the work cylinder, according to the text 50% or even over. Behind this is the aim to keep the gases in the cylinder and the surfaces of the cylinder and the piston as hot as possible, in order to have the HC-emission to remain low. The gas exchange pressure is according to the explanation low, perhaps 1-2 bar. The gas exchange angle is wide, over 90� and the gas exchange starts quite early, about 90� after the bottom dead centre, according to the explanation. The secondary compression ration has been limited to be quite low, as the engine runs with gasoline or an other fuel equal to it, equipped with spark ignition and hot, large amount of the rest gas rises the temperature remarkable, causing the danger of knock. The transport duct, having a quite large volume between the compressor cylinder and the work cylinder limits also the compression ration. The delivery ratio of the compressor piston is quite poor, because of the construction. It is not allowed to the exhaust gases, remained into the cylinder and to the fresh mixture to blend much with each others, otherwise there is a problem with the ignition. The referred engine works so according to a fully different principle than the Z4-engine, where it is possible to control the temperature of the compressed air (so, when wanted, to cool as well).
[0010] The for the Z4-engine typical gas exchange during a small crank angle before the top dead centre and the possibility to control the temperature of the compressed gas (so also the possibility to cool) is not treated in none of these patent publications. Also the mechanical solutions are totally different. In almost of all the before mentioned publications, which were dealing with the gas exchange, it was performed, when the piston was without any movement at the top dead centre and when the cylinder volume was zero or at its minimum. Thus there was an attempt to avoid the �unnecessary� expansion when the compressed gas was moving from the compressor cylinder to the work cylinder. This is not the case in the Z4-engine. In it one part of the compression work is offered during the gas exchange, but thus the much better total efficiency is anyhow achieved. The matter becomes clear with a computer simulation. In the Z4-engine the gas exchange is performed during a small crank angle before the top dead centre, close to it. After this the upwards moving piston compresses the gas, in other words, the so called secondary compression occurs. This secondary compression is a necessity in order to achieve a high efficiency as well as the control possibility (so also the possibility to cool) of the temperature of the compressed air. Even some of these for the Z4-engine very important occurrences are not existing in any of the above mentioned patents. Also the mechanical solutions, represented in the before mentioned publications, differ totally from the mechanical solution of the Z4-engine, seen on the enclosed pictures, as well as even the gas exchange also.
[0011] The enclosed Z4-engine, pictures 1-5, is based on the combination of 2- and 4-stroke work cycles and on an isolated compressor part, which can be also for example a screw compressor, if a normal crank mechanism is used and on the leading of the new mixture to the cylinder, close at the top dead centre of the piston, at every rotation of the crank shaft, during a small crank angle, pictures 4 and 5. When the gas exchange occurs according to the pictures 4-5, work shall be gain at every rotation of the crank shaft. This increases the mechanical efficiency of the machine. Thus also the wear of the piston decreases essentially. Also the possibility to the �intern� recirculation of the exhaust gases follows from this (pictures 4 and 5). The exhaust valve is open about 180�.
[0012] The inertia forces of the valve mechanism are proportional to the masses and to the power of two of the speed of revolution and the needed gas exchange crank shaft angle to the power of two of the concerned inverse ration. The input valve can be especially small, as the pressure of the changed gas is high (for example 20 bar) and its volume by that means small. Thus the needed opening distance of the valve is small, which helps the bringing of the new gas into the cylinder, which happens during a small crank angel.
[0013] The fuel shall be injected to the compressed hot air.
[0014] The delivery volume of the compressor can be different from that value of the work cylinders together, so thus the expansion can be optimised.
[0015] In order to achieve a high mechanical efficiency, the work pistons and the compressor piston are in the same line, connected to each others, when the final net power comes to the crank mechanism. In the crank mechanism there are two to different directions rotating crank shafts, being connected to each others with a gear shaft and with auxiliary gear wheels (enclosed pictures). There are two connecting rods, where upon the side force of the piston disappears. This new type of the crank mechanism enables at the same time also the balancing of the mass forces of the 1 order (pictures 1-3). Also a normal crank mechanism is possible. In this case the isolated compressor part can also be for example a screw compressor.
[0016] The fuel shall ignite or it shall be ignited (for example glow plug, injection of the assistant fuel, spark etc.). A typical work cycle appears from the pictures 1 and 4 and 5. If a separate ignition fuel is used, it can be injected to the gas exchange duct, equipped with lamellas, parallel with the stream. Also all the fuel can be injected only to the gas exchange duct.
[0017] In the engine, there can be a heat exchanger in the gas stream. Thus the temperature of the compressed gas can be controlled (for example lower).
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Disaster Resiliency Best Practices in Regional Economic Development A Collection of Practices, Policy and Methods to address regional organizations' resiliency following natural disasters, inclusive of response, relief, and recovery. Developed and Issued By: Louisiana Association of Planning & Development Districts www.lapdd.org Funded By: U.S. Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration, Austin Regional Office 504 Lavaca, Suite 1100 Austin, Texas Presented in Brief at the Southwest Region Executive Director's Association Annual Training Conference, November 2010, Shreveport, Louisiana Disaster Resiliency: Best Practices in Regional Economic Development PROLOGUE This document was developed in collaboration between the members of the Louisiana Association of Planning and Development District and compiled by the Acadiana Regional Development District as a tool for regional organizations' resiliency. Information contained in this document is generated from the experiences and expertise of the LAPDD member districts' professional staff. This was further developed by staff participation in working groups and the subsequent development of a white paper: ―Recommendations to the Federal Government: Post-Disaster Economic Recovery‖, under the International Economic Development Council, Business Civic Leadership Center (of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce), and National Association of Development Organization's Economic Recovery Working Group. Questions regarding the content of this document should be directed to: Stan McGee, Chief Administrative Officer Acadiana Regional Development District 601 Loire Ave, Suite C P.O. Box 90070 Lafayette, LA 70509 337-886-7782 phone email@example.com (email) The publication was accomplished through a body of work, funded by the U.S. Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration (EDA), through the Austin Regional Office under Award Number 08-06-04330, to the Louisiana Association of Planning & Development Districts for Economic Adjustment following Hurricanes Gustav and Ike. Neither the U.S. Department of Commerce, nor EDA, makes any claims regarding the content of this document. The statements, findings, conclusions, recommendation and other data in the report are solely those of the contractor. 2 Disaster Resiliency: Best Practices in Regional Economic Development WHY? All disasters are local. Hurricane, flood, drought, domestic or foreign terrorist. These are often the settings for action-packed blockbuster movies, and the real-life inspiration for desperate, devastating crises with national and international media coverage. Louisiana's experience dealing with national catastrophes from Hurricanes Katrina/Rita in 2005 and then Hurricanes Gustav/Ike in 2008 has positioned us within the nation's consciousness for disaster management and resiliency. US? In collaboration with our partners, the Louisiana Association of Planning & Development Districts, with funding from the Economic Development Administration and support from the Austin Regional Office, has explored responses, documents, tools, guides, workshops, policies, and practices for disaster recovery, preparedness, mitigation, and response by regional development organizations. Over the course of the research period, District staff utilized the timing as opportune to participate in the National Association of Development Organization's group meetings to extend the scope of best practices review to include national participation. WHAT ROLE DO WE PLAY? As regional development organizations, our designs are inherently dynamic. Our local governments, non-profit organizations, businesses, and residents have all sought out sources of information for preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery. The reality is that most are unable to actively utilize the information and take action. We are ―of‖ the region, serving as a participant, catalyst, facilitator, and often-times driver for what our regions need. We work within our communities, between regions, and across boundaries. Our ability to address both opportunities and needs is directly correlated to our relevance within the local region and significance within the State and Southwest. 3 Our most basic of findings is this: Long-term disaster recovery requires resiliency. The lines blur between preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery; and they must. The only way to truly recover from any disaster is to integrate well-conceived planning into ongoing activities that is considerate of a range of possible and potential impacts from disasters and crises. The result is a summary document of best practices in resiliency. UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCY Federal agencies speak in terms of preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery. FEMA considers these as the ―four phases of emergency management.‖ Depending upon whether a community or development entity is acting before or after a disaster; dealing with the aftermath of a disaster, or pre-positioning so to prevent future damage, local actions may be ―organized‖ into a number of different categories, despite the similarity of both motive and initiative to act. The simplified phases of traditional planning activities include research, planning, implementation, and evaluation; and planners understand that these occur both cyclically and simultaneously. By applying the planning cycle to the topic of disaster management/recovery, we must come to think of disaster management-related needs and opportunities as being woven into a broader category of resiliency. Resiliency isn't just about building ―back‖; it is building forward and stronger. It is about consciously considering each of the emergency management phases when making day-to-day decisions and determining long-term strategies. 4 Approach to Best Practices in Resiliency FOSTERING RESILIENCY We encourage all regional organizations to foster resiliency within their own agencies and within their region. Disasters are unpredictable, and no one is ever fully prepared. Having a plan is helpful; however, developing a simple, philosophical approach that seeks to include and integrate resiliency into every-day, on-going planning provides an effective strategy to enhance the influence and relevance your organization contributes to regional development. 1. Be flexible, adaptable, and dynamic. ■ Districts are dynamic by nature. Anticipate and act on needs for your region. Pre-position. Use the continuity plans and mutual aid agreements you establish as samples for other entities, local-government and partners in your region to follow. 2. Be willing to learn from others. ■ Ask questions. Develop a voracious appetite for knowledge. Engage unlikely partners and get outside your comfort zone. Keep asking questions. 3. Throw out the rule book and change the rules. ■ Advocate. Ask permission. Interpret creatively. Apply your skills to a range of opportunities. Design and ―request‖ new ones. 4. Stay connected, push boundaries, and be creative. ■ Extend your effectiveness. Express to funding and resource agency contacts the convenience and solidarity of working with your State Association. 5. Pay it forward. ■ Share what you know. Consider it public domain for the masses. Do it every day. 5 Selected Best Practices in Resiliency B est practices are those which can be replicated with similar benefits. We share our experience and activities for implementing your own practices in resiliency. Many of these were accomplished with existing skill sets and funding, others were conducted due to the financial and other support of the EDA Austin Regional Office. We offer the following highlights: Regional Planning Commission COORDINATOR AND CONVENER Despite continuing to be in ―full-blown‖ long-term recovery along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, Regional Planning Commission again identified and fulfills a vital advocate role to recover after the BP oil crisis. RPC had already executed pre-positioning agreements and established a functioning continuity plan, but RPC also maximize opportunities in their functional approach as COORDINATOR AND CONVENER. With strengths in transportation planning and regional innovation, it seems that RPC would have naturally gravitated to partners with similar interests. RPC did that and more. RPC convened weekly conference calls open to the Gulf Coast and those interested in its recovery. They stepped out of the comfort ―zone‖, located new partners, and have been negotiating and institutionalized relationship as liaison with U.S. Chamber of Commerce as ―agent‖ in Gulf Coast Oil Spill Recovery. This has been accomplished with existing district resources. Capital Region Planning Commission IDENTIFYING ALLIANCES With their location at the center of State government and proximity to the Joint Federal Operations building (FEMA and Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness), Capital Region Planning Commission (CRPC) took the lead in locating new contacts and serving as host for planning district association meetings, seminars and workshops with various non-profit, State and Federal agencies. This benefitted every region and opened the door for ONGOING LEARNING. CRPC took initiative to identify sources of knowledge and invite them to our table – and ask that we be invited to ―theirs‖—and growing alliances continue to be formed. CRPC continues to implement communication pathways, 6 drafting agreements between LAPDD members and State agencies and seeking out potential ALLIANCES to overcome any logistical limitations. South Central Planning and Development Commission RESILIENCY AS THE ROUTINE Coastal areas spend much time preparing and responding to tropical events; SCPDC has made their own Second-Day Assessment PART OF THE ROUTINE of assessment and response. All elected officials convene two days after an event hits land at the district offices to share preliminary impact assessments and information regarding needs. It's become the norm. Furthermore, as the first regional administrator in Louisiana for parish Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness directors, SCPDC has worked with these to establish priorities and pre-plan. This has given SPPDC and LAPDD a competitive edge in notifying agencies and funders of priorities to be addressed for recovery. SCPDC coordinated the Shell Back to the Dock program and the Fisheries Assistance Program under the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries – because they were PRE-POSITIONED to receive information and act quickly. Acadiana Regional Development District MAKING IT WORK ARDD contributed staff to local emergency assistance offices in order to more quickly restore the workforce stability. While evacuees sought out information on emergency food stamps and other public assistance, ARDD CONNECTED THE WORKFORCE piece to link employment opportunities and assistance to impacted and displaced individuals. Their ability to make the connection between resources and needs evidenced their agency's capacity to be an intermediary between the State of Louisiana and the impacted business community in the Business Grant and Loan Recovery Program. Furthermore, the professional staff had engaged in Entrepreneurial Training and Development. This expertise resulted in ARDD applying an entrepreneurial attitude toward assisting displaced populations and impacted businesses. ARDD was able to bring a Small Business Administration Women's Business Center into the region to continue development of opportunities for impacted individuals – resulting in new job creation through new businesses. The district's expertise and positioning provided real capacity for meeting needs of the next disaster, the BP Gulf Oil Spill. Prepositioning in this manner allowed the agency to connect with local workforce investment boards in a National Emergency Grant (NEG) program to assist those businesses and individuals that suffered disruption and displacement from yet another disaster. ARDD is providing training and technical assistance to affected business operations and upgrading skills of impacted individuals. 7 Imperial Calcasieu Planning and Development District CATALYST IMCAL functioned as a CATALYST TO ADDRESS LOCAL NEEDS and ensure delivery. In addition to convening local meetings for recovery and response, district professionals contributed professional technical services to local planning processes with Public Information, GIS, Transportation and Infrastructure, Housing, and Community Development, Land use Administration, Economic Development, State and Federal program Coordination, and Coastal Restoration. This was especially significant to Cameron and Calcasieu Parishes; southern Cameron Parish had only one public building left ―standing‖ after Hurricane Rita, the parish courthouse built in the early 1930's. The District coordinated meetings and provided data and maps for the locals, in a variety of forums and including various NGOs and individuals, as base-level data for response and recovery efforts and long-range plans. These plans included the FEMA ESF plans at the parish level for long-term recovery. Kisatchie-Delta Regional Planning & Development District MAPPING LOGISTICS The Central Louisiana Red Cross serves the same parishes, meaning Region 6, which function as the line of evacuation for coastal events. This is a receiving area for Gulf Coast evacuees during coastal events. This Red Cross chapter concentrates activities of sheltering and staging of resources, volunteers, and equipment in Alexandria, LA. As volunteers and medical professionals were received into the region through the Alexandria International Airport, the Red Cross was tasked with directing these out-of-towners to where they were most needed. KD provided/printed 32 x 44 maps with general highway information for the Red Cross to use in deploying people and resources. These MAPS AIDED LOGISTICS for deploying volunteers and resources. Additionally, letter-sized local maps for the Alexandria area were provided for shelter volunteers to use in directing evacuees to local resources, retail areas, services, and other basic needs. This was especially significant after the 2005 hurricanes, as the shelters were open and housing individuals for several months. Furthermore, KD extended its professional staff to aid other districts with their logistical needs. Equipment was loaned. Research was conducted and shared and professional staff lent time and knowledge to other districts for sustainment of existing and anticipated projects and programming. Staff communicated the needs of several districts to shared partners and funders in an effort to secure additional aid from both traditional and new funding and responsiveness for the districts of Louisiana. Direct needs of individual districts were communicated to such partners as Louisiana Economic Development, EDA, USDA and others to assist with response and recovery activities. 8 The Coordinating and Development Corporation PARTNERSHIP Laptops, office-space, and other equipment were shared between districts in order to sustain the regional agencies' efforts in resiliency and recovery. After Hurricane Katrina, KD loaned a laptop to SCPDC, as its offices were overtaken by the National Guard and State Police; and then, after Hurricane Gustav, CDC provided access to its offices and computers for KD's executive director during evacuation from Alexandria, in order to promote sustained operations. CRPC housed EDA's Field Representative in Louisiana after Katrina. This type activity was the norm. Districts collaborated every day to work through the needs of their regions and their working PARTNERS. Partnering with impacted areas within the region was critical to recovery. Staff visited sites, determined needs, and connected the impacted organizations, local governments, and even businesses with available and potential resources for use within response, recovery and mitigation efforts require for local and regional recovery. LAPDD is establishing a mutual aid agreement to clearly define opportunities to sustain the regional agencies' in times of disaster events and a web-based portal to communicate between districts during/after events when phone lines and access to such is often impacted. North Delta Regional Planning & Development District FACILITATING AGREEMENTS AND POINT-TO-POINT CONTACT EDA, USDA and other partners have provided financial assistance to LED and LSU for mobile trailer units that have been outfitted with satellite feed, computer, and response information to be moved from community to community for business recovery workshops. This creates meeting space in communities where none may be available whether by damage or impact as use for temporary shelter or staging immediately after an event and continuing into the recovery period. North Delta Regional Planning & Development District provided professional staff services to help make arrangements for siting of the mobile and for speakers to participate in workshops and seminars while the mobile unit was within the region. Their ability to FACILITATE arrangements, events, agreements and programs was put to use with local governments in the establishment of Point-to-Point contact for and with their membership. ND assisted in identifying locations and assets for members that could be utilized for use of evacuating populations from the Gulf Coast region; however, this was formalized in the structuring of Point-to-Point agreements. ND drafted and reviewed agreements designed for use between local parish (county) governing authorities in North 9 Louisiana and a South Louisiana partner-parish to establish the point from which displaced populations would be coming from and the point to where these displaced populations would be arriving to within the region. This allows for substantial pre-planning and pre-positioning for the accommodation of large numbers of persons into locations of adequately-sized and suited facilities for sheltering persons displaced by Gulf Coast hurricanes and/or other hazards. This also provides a mitigation of impact on the local government from the financial impact and tremendous strain on local resources, services, and even infrastructure, caused by receiving large, displaced populations. Louisiana Association of Planning & Development Districts FLEXIBLE FINANCING On behalf of Louisiana's EDA-funded revolving loan funds (RLFs), LAPDD convened and brainstormed to request amendments allowing for exceptions in lending policies that would promote the most flexibility in addressing recovery opportunities to aid the private sector. As several of the RLF operators were displaced temporarily, LAPDD submitted this request as a ―blanket‖ to allow for uniform options in flexibility that would be available to any RLF operating in Louisiana though not mandated. LAPDD's leadership resulted in adapting existing assets to serve as FLEXIBLE FINANCING tools and to implement these changes while the State was still in the response mode – even before recovery could begin in most areas. DESIGNING COMMUNICATION During the recovery phase, LAPDD members, with EDA support, identified the lack of organizational communication to be a challenge during and in the aftermath of disasters. Though the Planning Districts had established general, informal agreements for sharing of space, equipment, and, to some degree, professional aid, the lack of information amongst directors and staff across the state and between the regions proved to create significant challenges to return of operations or cooperative recovery in a timely manner. Following the disasters, power outages and overstrained phone/cell-phone lines resulted in few opportunities for organizations and their staffs to communicate for any period of time. Most district directors resulted to the use of text messages and rumor to pass along status and welfare information for themselves, their organizations, and their regions. Grant resources have since been used for COMMUNICATION DESIGN to create a web-based platform using WordPress, with cloud technology back-up, to allow staff to sign-on the Internet and log-in to the www.lapdd.org site to post public or private statements. Information Technology professionals with South Central Planning & Development Commission developed the tool for all LAPDD-affiliated staff to utilize. This has resulted in a tool that greatly enhances the association's capacity and will enhance cooperation and timeliness after disaster or crisis. 10 STARTING THE CONVERSATION Throughout the investigative processes and with EDA funding and support, LAPDD's Scope of Services included the development of agreements to formalize our partnerships with other agencies. The purpose was to forge closer working relationships for recovery and resiliency by establishing non-cost memorandums of understanding that identified opportunities for collaboration and would document a disaster network. It seemed that every State, Federal, Non-governmental entity and otherwise that LAPDD affiliates had contacted was enthusiastic about partnering with Louisiana's Planning Districts, particularly due to the expedient manner Districts communicate with all local governments in the State. However, none were permitted to commit formally due to legal counsel restrictions. The more LAPDD reached out, the more we learned that these agencies were frustrated with having only limited contact with other organizations involved in some phase of resiliency. The answer was to START THE CONVERSATION. We convened a conference. Approximately 50 different entities, representing business, responders, government (local, state and federal), and various other leading stakeholders were contacted to participate in a one-day conference. The conference format included designated times for a ―Partnership Development Moment‖ -- to allow for the exchange of business cards and to encourage these professionals to develop cross-entity, working relationships before another disaster. 11 Beyond Louisiana and the Southwest A fter suffering repeated hurricane disasters; recently experiences an oil spill; and currently watching agricultural drought and economic decline, it has become glaringly evident that resiliency must not be reliant on a specific type of disaster experience and must be developed through enhanced tools, perspective, knowledge, and leverage. The answers must be identified through ongoing engagement and by stepping out of the normal area and considering the question(s) nationally, at a minimum. IEDC/BCLC/NADO Post-Disaster Working Group NEXT As this Best Practices was to benefit the Southwest, and perhaps any regional organization, LAPDD did not rely on Louisiana-based practices alone. LAPDD affiliated professionals engaged themselves in learning opportunities through various arrangements (conferences, presentations, workshops, forums, conference calls, webinars, and training forums) in an effort to explore what other practices may best apply to post-disaster recovery – and, more importantly, resiliency. National organizations (International Economic Development Council, Business and Civic Leadership Committee, and the National Association of Development Organizations), too, instituted a Post-Disaster Working Group to contribute, from across the nation, the experiences of regional organizations to this discussion and in the development of recommendations that would benefit and serve resiliency. This resulted in the development of a White Paper highlighting major areas of activities that would benefit recovery across areas that suffered any type disaster or crises. Some of these are paraphrased below for emphasis. The complete document is available from the aforementioned Post-Disaster Working Group members. 12 IEDC/BCLC/NADO Post-Disaster Working Group White Paper (excerpts) Recommendation 1: To establish a cognizant federal agency responsible for post-disaster economic recovery to provide appropriate resources. There should be strong consideration of the Department of Economic Development Administration to serve as the lead agency for economic recovery efforts. EDA has the experience of partnering with the private sector and understands the needs of businesses. Recommendation 5: Adding ―disaster recovery‖ as a fourth national objective to HUD‖s CDBG Disaster Recovery Assistance program, or consider redefining the Third national objective to that eligible activities also meet economic recovery needs and can be used for a longer period of time relative to the size and scale of the disaster. This would help to spur the use of CDBG disaster funds at the local level for critical post-disaster economic recovery projects, programs and initiatives that could not receive funding at present. Recommendation 7: If a community is planning to use federal dollars for a business loan program, ensure that program funds get de-federalized after initial use for maximum flexibility in the long-term financing of economic recovery. This will ensure that funds continue to circulate in the local economy, but that the nonprofit or local government agency managing the program doesn't have a huge administrative burden in proving no duplication of benefits or any compliance of federal regulations for the use of federal dollars. Recommendation 8: Provide greater flexibility in the use of federal funds for increasing local capacity for economic recovery. This includes covering the salaries of local and state public employees, as well as the salaries of contracting nonprofit organizations. A key issue is that traditional and preliminary impact assessment studies often overlook the broader and more long-term economic impacts to businesses, particularly small businesses, which is a disservice to the entire community. Recommendation 11: The federal government should develop a central repository of best practices in economic recovery as a reference tool for local communities. The information should be readily available at all times and disseminated quickly in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. Recommendation 14: Increase federal funds for non-traditional loan programs and expand the use of funds to include equity financing and loan loss that can leverage private resources for immediate small business recovery needs. Small businesses need access to low-interest terms and/or forgivable loans, particularly during risky economic times. Recommendation 19: Consider providing federal funds for wage subsidy and job training programs to provide immediate, medium and long term assistance designed to retain and attract workers. 13 EPILOGUE While many of these best practices originated out of necessity, others came to fruition from the contributions and collaboration of economic developers from communities and regions, large and small. We, the members of the Louisiana Association of Planning & Development Districts, thank our professional staff and dear colleagues from throughout the Southwest and across the nation. These Best Practices may be used as a basis for examining your own region's dynamics and implementing those portions which benefit your region's resiliency. We welcome additions to this collection. We offer the following as guiding thoughts in your resiliency integration. FOSTER RESILIENCY COORDINATE AND CONVENE IDENTIFY ALLIANCES MAKE RESILIENCY ROUTINE MAKE IT WORK BE A CATALYST MAP LOGISTICS FACILITATE AGREEMENTS AND POINT TO POINT CONTACT PARTNERSHIP FLEXIBLE FINANCING DESIGN COMMUNICATION START THE CONVERSATION CONTINUE U ntil the next conversation… 14
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Do you believe in Heaven and Hell
Started by caroldiem , Jan 06 2013 07:33 PM
35 replies to this topic
Posted 06 January 2013 - 07:33 PM
Hi Everyone,
Growing up a Christian i have always believed in God and Jesus coming from a family with very strong faith, i have been praying since i was a little girl. Losing my son Michael in July 2012 has made me more fascinated about Heaven and my mum has seen my son and my Nene together in a dream both dressed in white looking very happy and peaceful in a beautiful garden. I am a little jealous that neither of them have come to me in a dream yet i keep praying for it but nothing happens.
I found this story fascinating of a young boy who died and went to heaven and he came back to earth because Jesus had to answer the son's fathers prayer
So do you believe in Heaven and Hell?
Posted 06 January 2013 - 08:30 PM
I am so very sorry for your loss.
I don't believe in the cartoon versions of heaven and hell; you know, angels with harps and fluffy clouds and pearly gates, or demons with pitchforks and lava filled caverns.
I do believe in the kingdom of heaven, but to me that's more about God's reign on this earth in our lifetime. I think that hell is a way of talking about eternal destruction.
I do believe in eternal life, after the resurrection, but I think that those who have died are in a sense sleeping in God's care until that time. That's my understanding of what the Bible promises and the church has understood through the ages.
Revelation does talk about those who are with God being robed in white, so perhaps your mother's dream is a legitimate source of comfort for you.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 08:37 PM
I believe in Heaven but not in Hell. However, I am not a Christian, so my view is very shaped by that.
I am so sorry for your loss and wish you comfort and healing.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 08:40 PM
My beliefs are very similar to Ange Vert's. The Bible teaches that the vast majority of people who die will 'sleep' until the resurrection. Some people will go to Heaven to form Jesus' government, but most will be resurrected to eternal life on Earth. We will see our loved ones again as the resurrection occurs. I know everyone has different beliefs, but those are mine.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 08:42 PM
Nope. I think they are states of emotion/spirituality that are experieced while living, not dead.
But then, I do not believe in god either.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 08:48 PM
QUOTE (Cath42 @ 06/01/2013, 09:10 PM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}>
My beliefs are very similar to Ange Vert's. The Bible teaches that the vast majority of people who die will 'sleep' until the resurrection. Some people will go to Heaven to form Jesus' government, but most will be resurrected to eternal life on Earth. We will see our loved ones again as the resurrection occurs. I know everyone has different beliefs, but those are mine.
This is why I find it hard to believe in such things. I we all 'sleep' until our eternal life on earth then surely you wouldn't be able to move for all the people!
Posted 06 January 2013 - 08:55 PM
I don't believe in either. Once I am in the ground jam in the ground.......
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:01 PM
Not exactly. Not in the traditional sense, but I believe we existed before we came here, and we will exist afterwards. I believe that there is a place where our spirit goes after we pass from this life and that there will come a time when we will live again. I don't think there is a fiery pit or anything. Hell to me is more a prison of our own making where the choices we make in spite of knowing what's right, will make us ultimately unhappy. So we might be happy but there's always a part of us that isn't totally fulfilled and knows what we are 'missing out on' and thus we will have those moments or spaces of 'hell', but it isn't a place and it isn't a burning.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:03 PM
I was raised a Catholic but have been questioning a few things lately, so this isn't from a particular 'faith' point of view. I have just finished reading a book by Eben Alexander called "Proof of Heaven". He is a neurosurgeon who goes into a coma with a brain infection, which (by all medical accounts) had a zero chance of surviving. He spontaneously comes out of the coma seven days later, to share his near-death experience of the afterlife. It is a fascinating read, not only because as a neurosurgeon he explores all the possible scientific explanations for his experience, but also for his account of the afterlife/heaven.
It is one of those books that is almost impossible to put down. And has left me with a lot of food for thought.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:08 PM
Yes!!! I do believe in heaven and hell.
Sorry to hear that you lost your son Michael
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:11 PM
QUOTE (raven74 @ 06/01/2013, 08:42 PM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}>
Nope. I think they are states of emotion/spirituality that are experieced while living, not dead.
But then, I do not believe in god either.
I am very sorry for your loss. Whatever gives you comfort though is what matters most.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:21 PM
Very interesting to hear other points of view thankyou for sharing.
Mishu the book you are suggesting sounds fascinating i must get my hands on it
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:34 PM
I honesty don't know. The universe seems to use and reuse matter, so it makes intuitive sense that *life*, that spark, that soul must go on in some form. There is a part of me that wants to believe in justice, so badly, that I do hope there is some kind of fair judgement and consequence, but looking at the cruel reality of nature I am not too sure. Across human history there seems to be a consistent theme in experiences of the afterlife or expectation of an ongoing existence after death, I tend to think there must be something to it. Someone once told me that when you die, you are able to see yourself as God sees you, and that experience is either Heavenly... Or if you have been a cruel person without repentance, you are trapped in your own hell. That has a poetic truth to it.
I tend to focus on this world, this life now, because I feel there is just no way of knowing about any kind of afterlife, not while we live
But when I think about my loved ones who have passed, I don't know. I just feel, in my heart of hearts, that their energies go on.
I have this thought that my Dad's mother came to take him back in her arms when he died. I have this thought that when I die, he will be there for me. And it makes me less afraid. If he's there when my time comes, I know I'll be okay.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:39 PM
When my Nenne died it was sort of sudden i mean she wasn't well diabetics had riddled her organs and her body and the dementia was progressing, but we were told when they found her dead lying in her bed she had a very big smile on her face, this tells me there has to be a afterlife and I am confident she was smiling because her loved ones came to take her to Heaven.
Also my sister had a dream as well and she saw my Nenne yet again dressed all in white sitting around a huge table talking with all her friends that have left this earth.
I don't get what is wrong with me why can't she come to me in my dreams
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:42 PM
I absolutely and utterly cannot believe in hell for eternity if it is based on 20 or 60 or 80 years of life on this plane. No matter how evil a person is, that is insanely out of balance.
I absolutely and utterly cannot believe in hell for eternity if it is based on 20 or 60 or 80 years of life on this plane. No matter how evil a person is, that is insanely out of balance.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:53 PM
I know Balzac teh thought scares the crap out of me if you go on Youtube there are a number of testimonials of people that have been to Hell and they explain what it's like and how they beg God to give them another chance and so they return to Earth
Posted 06 January 2013 - 09:59 PM
jameses mum - Just curious have you thought of the scenario where you are wrong about it all and because you don't believe in Jesus and God that when you die you don't go to heaven and you end up in hell.........
It could be a possibility right??
I meet with a no of bereaved mums who have lost their babies like myself and i am amazed at the amount of people who just don't believe in Jesus and God.... I just fear for them that is all that what happens if I am right and they are wrong
Posted 06 January 2013 - 10:01 PM
I think the idea that not believing in God and Jesus means you end up in hell is quite a horrible one.
I don't see how it could POSSIBLY be a possibility at all.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 10:05 PM
I agree howdo it is a horrible thought and i hope i am wronggggg
I can't recall what the bible says my FIL would know
Posted 06 January 2013 - 10:07 PM
I don't believe in heaven or hell or God.
I'm 100% confident my beliefs are correct so I have no concerns
Posted 06 January 2013 - 10:10 PM
meemee75 - That's great that your so confident in your beliefs I am a very logical, practical person but i struggle with this subject because you can't really prove anything u have to go on a belief
Posted 06 January 2013 - 10:12 PM
nope don't believe in either.
The only hell I've ever envisaged is right here on earth over various periods of history and for many of the worlds poorest population what they probably live right now every day...poverty, deprivation, illness, starvation, dehydration...
Edited by choccy2, 06 January 2013 - 10:17 PM.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 10:14 PM
QUOTE (caroldiem @ 06/01/2013, 10:59 PM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}>
jameses mum - Just curious have you thought of the scenario where you are wrong about it all and because you don't believe in Jesus and God that when you die you don't go to heaven and you end up in hell.........
It could be a possibility right??
I think of that a lot. I believe in G-d but not Jesus so a lot of people have asked me this. It's a well known principle that was first introduced to me when I was about ten. It's called Pascal's Wager. It's on Wikipedia. It's not a new argument.
I'm a Jew. I don't believe being Jewish is an automatic entrance to Heaven and I do believe non-Jews can go to Heaven, so I have been asked ever since childhood by Christian friends "why not be Christian, then, just to be on the safe side?"
For me personally, I basically I have no interest in being a Christian if that's true. Every single person I love will be in Hell anyway.
Posted 06 January 2013 - 10:17 PM
The bible says there are many paths to heaven.
This video might be helpful, the last things the minister talks about is Jesus saying in John 14 "I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to God except through me".
Posted 06 January 2013 - 10:17 PM
I think that if there is a hell it would be right here on earth.
Heaven?, I think there is something other than being here on earth in the flesh but I don't know what it is. It just is.
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Are there different 'Felicias' out there?
When I look at Felicia on HMF, it describes it as semi-double, 9-16 petals. I've seen description from "semi-double" to "packed with petals" on different vendors' sites. Most of the pictures I've seen look like very full blossoms--many more that 16 petals. Are there different versions of "Felicia" floating around out there, or is it just climate-dependent?
Here's a pic of Felicia from early July last year, Lucretia. It never increased petal count during the summer, but then it rarely got over 70, either. Aptos seems to be like this too, I guess, lower petal count for me in cool weather than it displays in warmer places.
I looked at 'Felicia' on the Peter Beales site, and it's listed as a double, which is 25-40 petals. Their picture of 'Felicia' looks double.
If it gets hot here this summer I'll be curious to see if my 'Felicia' increases petals.
It sounds like Krista's decreased in petals as her summer progressed. I'm guessing her summer got warmer?
Interesting question, Lucretia.
Gean, yes, it seemed that in the warmer weather of late summer there were fewer petals... however I came across this pic from early Sept., very end of summer. Maybe the petal count is not that much different from June, although I think the bloom looks somewhat less full of petals...
There is no one answer to this question!
It's midsummer here, so I couldn't resist running out to Felicia to check. Answer number 1 was 62, next bloom was 24 and the last one was 37.
Same bush, absolutely thriving this season, it's been in bloom for months.
Mine has no thorns at all. She took a few years to settle in but she's about three feet wide and four feet high.
Now I'll go and sweep up all those petals.


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Before using this my skin was so oily that at the end of the day I would wipe my forehead and see the oil on the back of my hand. I did some research online and learned that jojoba oil mimics the structure of naturally produce sebum and tricks the skin into thinking that it's already produced enough so it impedes the production. I bought a 100ml bottle for £7.99 from Amazon and after the first few uses, I saw an instant improvement. I continued to use this over a period of 6 months and I can honestly say that my breakouts and blackheads have decreased and, most importantly, my skin is much, much less oily. I would 100% recommend this to anyone with oily skin, it's an absolute life saver!
on 12/24/2014 11:04:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Dry, Medium, Warm
Hair: Black, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
This is a review for the Jojoba Company's jojoba oil.
I picked up some from TKB Trading to try for the oil cleansing method. On my dehydrated-normal skin, I find that some of the oil is absorbed faster than I would like. I have to add more if I want to use it to cleanse thoroughly, which makes it more finicky than other oils I've used (apricot kernel, mineral, etc.). It does remove my makeup easily though, but I prefer the thicker mineral oil for that. I've also tried jojoba oil after my regular moisturizer on my face or body. Some of it does absorb quickly but I'm usually left with a slight oily sheen so I prefer rosehip seed oil which sinks in faster.
Overall, jojoba oil is a solid and readily available option for makeup removal or moisturizing, but I personally won't be repurchasing since I prefer other oils on my skin type.
on 12/22/2014 9:13:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Very Dry, Fair, Warm
Hair: Blond, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Hazel
I originally bought this for my hair, but the oil didn't absorb into my hair, just sort of sealed over the ends and made it look greasy.
Since I found out early on that it didn't work for my hair, I started using it for different things.
I found that it works for my face. It still doesn't absorb easily, but it also didn't clog my pores.
Sometimes, I'll put it into my hand creams.
The only bad thing about jojoba oil is that it leaks no matter what kind of container it is in.
on 12/10/2014 11:23:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Oily, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Currently using this at my nighttime face moisturizer and I love it! It's a little greasy at first but sinks in after a while and makes my skin glow. Plus it's so soft and it has definitely helped clear up the occasional acne I get. I have a little bottle of the "now" brand and it's definitely going to last me a while because a little goes a long way. Don't be afraid to try this if you are oily and acne prone because it worked for me!
Popular Face Skincare Products


text:
Surgical Specialist
11 years of experience
Accepting new patients
11 years of experience
Accepting new patients
Medical Center
4100 John R St
Detroit, MI 48201 Phone number & directions
4100 John R St
Detroit, MI 48201 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Keiva Bland:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Patient comments (0)
The overall average patient rating of Dr. Keiva Bland is Excellent.
Specialties & Research
Dr. Keiva Bland, MD is board certified in Surgery.
- She has special expertise in 3 areas:
- Colon Cancer
- Colonoscopy
- Peptic Ulcer
Education & Awards
Dr. Bland graduated from Howard University , Washington.
Dr. Bland has 8 hospital affiliations:
- Huron Valley-Sinai Hospital
- DMC - Sinai-Grace Hospital
Home > Find a Surgeon > MI > Detroit Surgeons > Dr. Keiva Bland, MD
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Keiva Lenice Bland MD is a female Surgeon, has 11 years of experience and practices in Surgery.
- Where does Dr. Keiva L. Bland practice?
- Dr. Keiva Bland has 3 office locations.
Dr. Keiva Bland practices Surgery near Detroit, MI.
See Detroit Surgeons.


text:
Nintendo DS
Finding Kaph secret event for Luminous Arc 2Home / Nintendo DS /
This page contains Luminous Arc 2 Hints for Nintendo DS called ""Finding Kaph" secret event" and has been posted or updated on Jun 14, 2009 by vhayste. Let us know what you think of this Hint by thumbs voting.
Boxshot / Details
- Developer: Image Epoch
- Publisher: ATLUS
- Genre: Role-Playing
- Release Date: Nov 18, 2008
- ESRB: Teen
"Finding Kaph" secret event
You can trigger this after getting Sadie or after Roland becomes a master.
1. Head to the Rev Magic Academy and trigger the "Find Kaph" event.
2. Head to Mistia next and select the same titled event that is available. Luna, Dia and Sadie will be forced in a battle afterwards.
All Hints
From: vhayste
From: vhayste
From: vhayste
From: vhayste
Back to all Cheats
From: vhayste
Stuck on this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let others answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an Luminous Arc 2 expert then please try to help others with their questions.
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text:
Wednesday, 18 February 2015 01:09
ZipTel seals deal with SpeedCast: much cheaper satellite voice calls
ZipTel's deal with Speedcast, a global satellite comms service, will dramatically lower the cost of satellite voice calls for maritime, oil & gas, mining and government users.
Published in Telecoms & NBN
Thursday, 12 June 2014 09:57
CSIRO turns mining wastewater into rainwater
A new cost-effective technology to treat mining wastewater and reduce sludge by up to 90% has been used for the first time at a commercial mine.
Published in Energy
Tuesday, 29 April 2014 16:50
SubZero picks cloud ERP from Agresso
Diversified industrial services provider SubZero Group is adopting Agresso's Business World cloud-based ERP system.
Published in Cloud


text:
Bettina Bien email@example.com
Contributing editor Bettina Bien Greaves was a longtime FEE staff member, resident scholar, and trustee. She attended Ludwig von Mises's New York University seminar for many years and is a translator, editor, and bibliographer of his works.
Related Freeman Articles
Private Property and the Christmas Spirit
Freedom to use private property enables people to give of what they own
DECEMBER 25, 2014 by BETTINA BIEN GREAVES
Dickens contrasted the Christmas spirit of giving, generosity, sociability, and cheer with the stinginess of dour, greedy, grasping Ebenezer Scrooge, but it was Scrooge's private property that enabled him to be so generous at the end of the story.


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Fred Rose
My father Terry Lee Fischer played with many of the greats of country music including Conway Twitty, Faron Young, Johnny Paycheck and many others. "You good ole boys rock heaven." Your are invited to view Terry's memorial at http://terryleefischer.homestead.com
Trying to gain more information on my father.
Darice M. Fischer-Fox
Added: Oct. 12, 2001
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SAFE Federal Credit Union recently launched a newly designed website, www.safefed.org. The new website is devoted to providing current and future members the opportunity to learn more about SAFE's products and services.
The Tax-Aide program originated in 1986 and continues to grow each year. Tax-Aide is the nation's largest free tax assistance and preparation service for individuals with low to moderate incomes, with special attention to persons age 60 or older.
Few things in life are free.
Age can have its advantages when it comes to paying federal income taxes.
"No whining."
The Kershaw County Chamber of Commerce is preparing a survey for its members in an effort to try to learn what the business community liked and disliked about two school district referenda voters rejected in the November 2014 election. Voters were asked two questions on the ballot: should $130 in bonds be issued for facilities improvements, and should a 1-cent sales tax be put in place in Kershaw County to aid in paying back the bonds? Both measures failed.
Tax laws become more complicated each year, and filing tax returns can be a daunting process.
Charles and Gladys Woods have been beloved pillars of the business community -- and Camden -- for many years.
For the 96th consecutive quarter, Mid Carolina Credit Union (MCCU) recently earned a "5-Star Superior" rating for strength and security from BauerFinancial, a credit union and bank rating firm in Coral Gables, Fla.
Potter's Computer Systems, at 1662 Hwy. 1 South in Lugoff, has only been open since September, but owner Thomas Anderson said he has years of experience with computers, including owning a previous business in Columbia. Anderson doesn't just use his skills and knowledge to repair and upgrade computers, make cellphone repairs and handle other communication needs. He's also passing his knowledge down to younger people.
(The Chronicle-Independent celebrates Black History Month in February with a series of stories on area businesses owned and operated by African-Americans, starting with Fitness Zone in Lugoff and owner George Gibson.)
Camden Media Co. announces the launch of The Blythewood Horse & Equestrian magazine. The first issue, its spring edition, will be published March 19 and focus on the Carolina Cup. The magazine will then be published quarterly, in full color, in June, November, January and March.
Once again, AARP's Tax Aide program is available in Camden through April 14 each Tuesday at the Kershaw Baptist Association Building, 14 East DeKalb St., the same location used in 2014.
Dr. Will Owen looks in the mouth of a Jackson Elementary School student during a dental screening program held at the school Jan. 20. Dr. Owen and the staff of Drs. Moss & Owen provided free screenings to all Jackson students in a little more than two hours, seeing 500 students. The staff worked with Jackson's nurse, Jennifer Reeves, who coordinated the screenings for the students. Drs. Moss & Owen has performed these screenings for more than 15 years to help ensure the children of Kershaw County have access to dental care.
Stacey Gordon, a Bethune High School graduate, recently received a promotion to president of ZEL Engineers Inc., based in Augusta, Ga. Gordon is the son of Doby and Suzanne W. Gordon of Cassatt.
(First in a series.)
The Dessausure Law Firm has opened at 2043 West DeKalb St., Suite 3, in Camden. Attorney Tony Dessausure leads what he says is an experienced, knowledgeable, client-centered team including Associate Attorney Ashley Green and Office Manager Christy Simmons. The firm is open Monday through Thursday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. To find out how the Dessausure Law Firm can assist with various legal services, check out its website, www.DessausureLaw.com or call (803) 425-7299.
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text:
Just Cavalli Golden Skull TeeSKU: #8384253
Product Information
- Use your devious ways to let your style reach epic proportions in this Just Cavalli™ tee!
- Crew neckline.
- Short sleeves.
- Graphic skull and angel print at the front.
- Straight bottom hem.
- 92% cotton, 8% elastane.
- Machine wash cold, line dry.
- Imported.
- Measurements:
- Length: 28 in
- Product measurements were taken using size LG (US MD). Please note that measurements may vary by size.


text:
We will apply the fixed point method for proving the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of a Volterra integral equation of the second kind.
Ulam, SM: A Collection of Mathematical Problems, Interscience Tracts in Pure and Applied Mathematics, no. 8,p. xiii+150. Interscience, New York, NY, USA (1960)
Hyers, DH: On the stability of the linear functional equation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 27(4), 222–224 (1941). PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Rassias, ThM: On the stability of the linear mapping in Banach spaces. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. 72(2), 297–300 (1978). Publisher Full Text
Forti, GL: Hyers-Ulam stability of functional equations in several variables. Aequationes Mathematicae. 50(1-2), 143–190 (1995). Publisher Full Text
Găvruţa, P: A generalization of the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of approximately additive mappings. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. 184(3), 431–436 (1994). Publisher Full Text
Hyers, DH, Isac, G, Rassias, ThM: Stability of Functional Equations in Several Variables, Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications,p. vi+313. Birkhäuser, Boston, Mass, USA (1998)
Hyers, DH, Rassias, ThM: Approximate homomorphisms. Aequationes Mathematicae. 44(2-3), 125–153 (1992). Publisher Full Text
Jung, S-M: Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of functional equations. Dynamic Systems and Applications. 6(4), 541–565 (1997)
Jung, S-M: Hyers-Ulam-Rassias Stability of Functional Equations in Mathematical Analysis,p. ix+256. Hadronic Press, Palm Harbor, Fla, USA (2001)
Rassias, ThM: On the stability of functional equations and a problem of Ulam. Acta Applicandae Mathematicae. 62(1), 23–130 (2000). Publisher Full Text
Diaz, JB, Margolis, B: A fixed point theorem of the alternative, for contractions on a generalized complete metric space. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 74, 305–309 (1968). Publisher Full Text
Cădariu, L, Radu, V: On the stability of the Cauchy functional equation: a fixed point approach. Iteration Theory (ECIT '02), Grazer Math. Ber., pp. 43–52. Karl-Franzens-Univ. Graz, Graz, Austria (2004)
Cădariu, L, Radu, V: Fixed points and the stability of Jensen's functional equation. Journal of Inequalities in Pure and Applied Mathematics. 4(1, article 4), 1–7 (2003)
Jung, S-M: A fixed point approach to the stability of isometries. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. 329(2), 879–890 (2007). Publisher Full Text
Radu, V: The fixed point alternative and the stability of functional equations. Fixed Point Theory. 4(1), 91–96 (2003)


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A collection of bits and bobs including commercial animation, personal work. 3D Modeling, texturing, rigging, animation, rendering, compositing etc.
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text: Good Sunday morning! By Ron Gold December 29, 2013 5:03 AM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Good morning! Join me this morning on KDHL 920 for great music and great Sunday programming. In the 5:00am hour, I have music from Lisa McClowry, The Walkers, and Wade Hammond. Make it a great sunday! Category: Articles Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of KDHL Radio Recommended For You Around the Web


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I ordered my items from you...and one of the orders came so fast that it was real magic...wow you guys are good!
Check out my work on...Read More ->
The tricks I buy from MJM are much like my reaction to when I order from them. They both knock my socks off! I purchased TWO effects that had to be...Read More ->


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Law reports
This tool will help you:
A bus driver has been awarded nearly £84,000 after his employer failed to investigate his claim that traces of cocaine picked up on a mouth swab during a drug test were the result of contamination on his hands from passengers' banknotes.
On its return from the European Court of Justice (ECJ), the employment tribunal in this important case has read an extra subsection into the Working Time Regulations 1998 (SI 1998/1833) to comply with the Working Time Directive (2003/88/EC).
The Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) has controversially held that a claimant who controls his type 2 diabetes by avoiding sugary food and drinks is not disabled under the Equality Act 2010.
The Court of Appeal has held that creating the risk of harm in the workplace was not sufficient to impose liability on the employer for the "frolicsome but reckless" conduct of an employee.
An employment tribunal has found that Greater Manchester Police indirectly discriminated against a single-parent police officer who worked term time only when it introduced a requirement that she work nine days during school holidays. The case is a stark reminder to public-sector organisations reviewing flexible working arrangements as a way to cut costs to beware of the potential for discrimination.
I would certainly recommend XpertHR for its up-to-date legal information and ability to make one's life much easier at the click of a button.
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Reed Business Information Limited trading as XpertHR is an Appointed Representative of ITC Compliance Ltd which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
© 2015 Reed Business Information Ltd


text:
(October 21, 2011: Eugene, OR 97401) In Friday's league match, the host Sheldon Irish football squad scored a big 56-14 victory over the Thurston Colts.
In their next game, the Irish clash with the South Medford Panthers (Medford, OR) in a 6A Southwest match, on Friday, October 28. Sheldon will attempt to move on its 8-0 season record. The Panthers enter the match with a 8-0 record after their 62-0 league win over South Eugene (Eugene, OR).
The Colts (5-3) will now prepare for their match against North Medford (Medford, OR). The Black Tornado enter the 6A Southwest match with a 1-7 record. In their last match, North Medford was crushed by Roseburg (Roseburg, OR), 49-0, in a league match.
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