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When Is It Time to Begin Your Job Search?
Article by Elliott Hardaway, Practice Manager in Workbridge Washington DC
It's said that "the grass is greener on the other side", but is it really? This is a dilemma people in all industries experience from time to time. The job market influences many aspects of our lives regardless of our feelings. Therefore it's important that energy and resources aren't wasted on positions which limit career mobility or quality of life.
According to the Job Satisfaction Survey by the Conference Board, for the eighth consecutive year fewer than half of U.S. workers were satisfied with their jobs. While different factors motivate us to work, it's imperative that jobs provide a level of satisfaction and balance which enhances and improves overall well-being.
But how does one determine whether it's time to make a move? In my years working the market, there are a few tell-tale markers that signal it's time for a change. Below are a series of questions to aid in this consideration process.
- Is there anything my current employer could do that would make me stay? Consider common grievances that motivate a change in employer such as: Overworked, Compensation, Lack of Responsibility, No Upward Mobility, etc.
- Are my skills up-to-date with the market and attractive?
- Am I going to miss out on a big bonus or retirement vesting period if I leave now?
- Am I willing to sacrifice certain benefits and/or compensation to find the right employment opportunity?
- Am I willing to invest time for interviews?
- Am I willing to take a step back from peers that I've built relationships with over the past year(s) at my current employer to pursue a new job?
Not all of these questions require a certain response, but they are all relevant when considering a move. The first question is the most significant because it requires reflecting on why you are considering a move and will identify the presence or lack thereof of an interest to stick it out with your current employer, given a viable solution. It's easy to assume employers can't or won't change things in order to retain employees, but in reality it's much more difficult to hire a replacement. According to market information on the cost of employee turnover, hiring a replacement can cost up to twice the salary of the lost employee due to on-boarding, lost productivity, and even cultural impact. Working in staffing, I know firsthand the investments needed financially and in resources such as time to successfully onboard a new hire– it's not ideal for any company.
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Confronting a boss about grievances and possible solutions can be challenging since many employees fear such a conversation could jeopardize current employment. It cannot be overstated how important communication is. Keeping an open line of communication about progress and overall work satisfaction is key to any employee-boss relationship. Often, individuals misconstrue such open communication as complaining and tend to shy away from it, but having such a conversation is part of being a professional as it's critical to not let any grievances build up over time. A lack of open and honest communication will squash any possibility of coming to a solution that keeps everyone happy and productive. Addressing the factors instigating a potential move can be uncomfortable to broach. So it's important to keep in mind that your boss(es) may have had similar concerns during their tenure and likely will understand where you are coming from and may even be able to suggest solutions. When having this conversation, it's important to direct the conversation towards identifying realistic solutions as opposed to making challenging demands.
By the same token, it may be time to move on if the current opportunity has run its course. There is no amount of money or change in responsibilities that can serve as a long-term solution. If you've arrived as this conclusion, use your answers from the remainder of the questions to guide you before proceeding. There's a strong market out there for those willing to make the investment both in time and willingness to see a cross-section of the available opportunities. If you find yourself at this crossroads, it may be time to take that leap.
Choosing a Technology Stack for Startups
Article by Miles Thomas, Practice Manager in Workbridge Philadelphia
Tech startups from all over the country come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and types. From established entrepreneurs who have already sold multiple companies to college seniors working out of a basement, software engineers and businessmen alike have dreams of solving the ailments of the world, one solution at a time. To start an LLC isn't all that difficult these days either; all you need is an idea, a working space, a computer, and (for some) a bottomless pot of coffee. Sounds easy, right?
Well, as integral as elbow grease and caffeine are for any start-up, a direction may be the most important thing for any would-be entrepreneurs out there. One direction that is integral to technology companies is the different layers of technologies used to accomplish whatever problem they are trying to solve; this is known as the technology stack. There are many different kinds of technology out there, but most companies land either between one comprised of open source technologies (also called Open Stack) or a proprietary technology owned by another company (.NET owned by Microsoft, or Java owned by Oracle). So, what is the best choice for all you startups out there? Read on…
Above, is an illustration of some of the different layers of a technology stack, and the options that an entrepreneur would have for each.
It's well known amongst most tech savvy individuals that open source tech stacks seem to be all the rage amongst startups. After all, not only are open source technologies free to use for you bootstrappers out there, but there are a variety of different programming languages to use depending on what you're trying to do. Need to use a functional programming language for reactive application design? Use Python or Scala. Need to do simple website development for clients big and small? Use PHP or Ruby on Rails. With so many tools at your disposal, the possibilities truly are endless.
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Java and .NET may not be as flashy or wide-ranging, but they do offer an array of different tools. With different frameworks and API's designated to each company's respective programming languages, Microsoft and Oracle do not leave their users without ammunition. Furthermore, there are defined boundaries for what tool to use and when- this can be extremely valuable for someone who doesn't necessarily know their way around the latest and greatest.
The lack of boundaries is the biggest hurdle for people looking to implement an open stack. For example, if a company decides to use Python as their language of choice, what frameworks should they use? Django? Flask? Tornado? CherryPy? What about JavaScript libraries and frameworks? Angular? Backbone? Ember? There are so many possibilities with no guidelines for first timers that it is easy to get caught up in all of the different technologies. Another easy pitfall is ambition to use technologies that are not necessary- I can recall a small web design shop that was trying to implement Amazon WebServices as an example (they are no longer around).
The boundaries presented by a Java/.NET stack come at a cost, quite literally. The obvious downside of proprietary programming languages is that they can be quite costly; this can be a huge deal-breaker for a small startup with little to no funding. For a smaller company looking to stay afloat, spending what little money they have on-hand for something they can get for free seems foolish (on paper, at least).
At the end of the day, picking programming languages is all about circumstance. If a company has the money to spend, Java/.NET may be the way to go. If a company is strapped for cash, or if one of their founders has a background in some kind of open source language/framework, then open source may be the way to go. Given the convergence of the current technology landscape, however, it may not be long before it won't really matter!
4 Desirable Traits of Open Source Job Seekers
Article written by Jaime Vizzuett, Practice Manager of Workbridge Orange County
As many know, the tech market is a candidate's market. There are very few exceptional engineers with a solid background, and a lot of job opportunities - with the Open Source market being no different. People hire people because of a particular skillset, whether it's an architect or a junior candidate, regardless of the industry. As Practice Manager at Workbridge Associates Orange County, specializing in placing candidates with Open Source Technology backgrounds, I've found that in addition to a particular skillset, hiring managers desire a candidate who displays selective traits, especially in the Open Source market.
Before getting into these traits, it is important to understand that companies which use Open Source technologies are most likely startups. This doesn't mean that every company that uses Open Source technologies falls in the same category, but there is definitely a trend. That being said, I spoke with a few of my managers from Corporate to Startup companies and asked them what they look for in a potential employee or contract employee.
The following are the top four traits hiring managers are looking for in tech job seekers with an Open Source background.
1. Jack Of All Trades, Master of One
You can do a little of everything, but if you aren't great at something, then find out what you're most interested in and hone those skills. One of my hiring managers mentioned, "It's always nice to see a wide variety of skills on a candidate's resume, but I also expect them to know the fundamental basics of whatever they have on their resume." There is no problem with having a variety of skill sets, or being a "full-stack" engineer, just make sure to focus on one skill, and be great at it. Bottom-line is no one wants to hire an engineer that is a, "Jack of all trades, and a master of none."
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2. Be Trendy
You will hear it over and over again, but keeping up with the newest technology is crucial in any market, and especially in Open Source. The Open Source market is always going to have a floodgate of new technologies, whether it's Angular.js or a new version of Symfony. Every company wants someone with the trendy new technology that very few engineers have, so being ahead of the curve will set you apart. Having newer technologies in your arsenal could really make the difference between simply getting an interview and getting the job.
3. Get Social
Github should be every engineer's best friend. This is not necessarily a trait, but more like a "nice-to-have", as one of my hiring managers put it. This is especially crucial for junior Open-Source developers trying to land the job, simply because sometimes Github may be the only example of work that a hiring manager has to look at. Whether it's through Github, a forum, or social media – having some type of social presence that shows you are passionate and invested in technology is a plus. As the Director of Software Development at a company I work with put it, "I'd rather bring in a junior engineer who shows initiative, passion and hunger to learn more, and Github helps me depict that."
4. Know Who You Are And What You Want
Hopefully you are looking to find a company that is going to challenge you and allow you to continue to expand your skillset, but also one that fits what you look for culturally. As a hiring manager, building a culture is all contingent on the people they onboard, which is why the face to face interview is the most important interview of the process. The onsite interview really allows both the candidate and company to figure out if they are a fit for each other. Neither every candidate nor every company is necessarily going to mesh perfectly, but they should mesh enough to be able to spend most of their time together.
While technology is always advancing, hiring managers will continue to look for these traits in open source job seekers. Companies will always be looking for the next best talent that can take them to the next level and if you're a job seeker, I hope the points I mentioned will be taken into consideration as you progress through your career.
Develop Secure Code!
Article by Ryan Brittain, Division Manager in Workbridge Chicago.
For the last six or seven years, I've had a very keen interest in security and the hacker culture, both white and black hat. I've gone as far as to help start security meetups in Boston, Washington D.C. and Chicago that are still running and meeting monthly to this day, comprising nearly 3000 members between the 3 of them.
An interesting evolution that I've seen is the shift from network security to application or software security. Network security certainly is still important and having someone who is going to maintain firewalls and do intrusion detection and prevention is still going to be needed. But now, the #1 attack vector for most hackers is a SQL injection targeted at sloppy code. So increasingly, developers need to be cognizant of the fact that when they're developing, the code that they put out needs to stand the test of time. And it needs to be secure. There are different movements across the country (see the rugged DevOps movement: www.ruggeddevops.org) that are trying to call attention to this, and I would imagine that as the number of incidents or breaches continue to rise, that attention will only grow.
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On the surface, this may appear like a losing battle. Because somebody with enough talent, technical know-how, and mal-intent can probably get his or her hands on anything they want. And there's nothing that we, the concerned public, can do to stop it. But there are other groups like OWASP (The Open Web Application Security Project) that have chapters across the country as well as online resources for developers.
We're seeing the government taking a more heavy-handed approach to those that are caught with their hands in the cookie jar. (Hackers in chains: 13 of the biggest US prison sentences for electronic crime) Could that be a deterrent? Sure. But it certainly needs to be augmented with the community being more aware, and more informed, with best practices on how to develop secure code.
Acing Your First Round Interview
Article by Rachel Klenicki, Division Manager in Workbridge LA.
It's the time of year when many people think "new year, new job". If you count yourself among those looking for a job, and are feeling some trepidation about a first round interview you have lined up- this post is for you! The insight provided here is designed to help you ace a first round interview. I know it can be scary. I know it can be overwhelming. But with these tips, you will be getting several offers in no time!
Prior to the Interview
So you have an upcoming interview. Have you made a checklist of all the things you should do prior? If not— here's where you should start.
- Research the company. I'm not just talking about the website. Read up on the latest company news and research articles on the founders or higher ups. Any extra information you find and draw on in your interview will help.
- Research who you are meeting with. If you don't have a LinkedIn account, it's time to create one. LinkedIn is a great way to learn about the individuals at a potential employer. Perhaps you have similar hobbies, attended the same school, or have even worked with a current employee at a previous job. Use LinkedIn to research the person you will be meeting with. Finding common ground can go a long way in the interview process, and LinkedIn can help with that.
- Research the interview address and parking info. This is perhaps the most obvious tidbit, but many jobseekers don't do this. Don't leave anything to chance- the directions may be more confusing than you think. Give yourself plenty of time to get to the interview. Be prepared for traffic, late buses and trains, or anything that could make you late. If you do arrive late, apologize!
- Look over the job description. Understand what the position will entail. If you don't, make a list of questions and ask these in the interview.
- Be prepared to discuss your resume. Make sure to tie in what you have done in the past with the current job description.
- Ask about dress attire prior to the interview. Some individuals think a suit is the way to go. While this may be the case for some companies, other might view a suit as being way too overdressed. Make sure to ask the recruiter, HR, or the person who set up the interview what they think is best.
Time for the interview
Some say the motto "just be yourself" is the key to interviewing successfully; however, if you are a quiet, introverted, and soft spoken person, then it may make it more difficult to get the job. Trust me. First impressions are crucial and you need to make a good one. First impressions often contribute to the decision of whether or not you make it to a 2nd round interview. So slap on a smile and be prepared to work your hardest on being outgoing and personable. Let's start with the handshake. Firm up that hand, make great eye contact and shake. After that, the manger will usually ask how you are. Make sure to respond. Don't say you are tired, sick, or anything negative. Always say good, great, or doing well thank you. Then ask how they are doing. While this may seem very basic, it will help build the foundation for a good first impression.
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Always keep things positive
Employers typical ask why jobseekers who are currently employed wish to leave their current position. Whatever the reason might be, think of a positive spin to use. Are you at odds with your boss? Word your response along the lines of "I feel I have reached my full potential with my current position and I'm not learning as much from my direct manager". Never speak poorly of your current employer or boss. If you are looking for more money, don't say that either! Instead, try "I'm looking for more growth and stability in a company". If you realize during the interview that it is not the best fit, keep things positive. You never know when you might cross paths again.
Wrapping up the interview
Thank your interviewers for their time and let them know you look forward to hearing from them. Don't ask for their feedback immediately- Be patient. When you get home, write a quick thank you note where you reiterate why you are a good fit for the position and why you want to work there.
Feeling ready to tackle that interview? Take a few deep breaths, be sure to prepare, and go for it!
The Art of Dressing for an Interview
Article by Melissa Gallagher, Lead Recruiter at Workbridge New York
The first thing a hiring manager sees after a resume is you. Persona and presentation can make or break the decision to move forward with a candidate. This goes not just in interviewing but in relationship building. Presentation is everything in our society and something many people in technology forget to focus on during the interview process. One of the main questions I get from my candidates is: how should I dress?
In the past, we were told to dress in business professional for every interview regardless of a company's dress code. Nowadays, however, it's quite different. It's imperative that you take the proper steps to understand the company culture when dressing for interviews. For example, if interviewing at a financial company, you should be wearing a suit and a tie. If you're going to a new, hip startup you should avoid a suit and tie at all costs. It can be difficult to know what the actual culture is if you've never been to the office and you have only looked at their website. In such situations, the best thing to do is to reach out to your company contact or give the front desk a call to ask what the dress attire is. I would also recommend searching the "team" or "about us" page for company photos. Once you've heard what the dress attire is, or have searched photos online, you should lean on more of the conservative side and dress up a bit for the interview. This DOES NOT mean tie or jacket, but might mean taking an iron to your shirt and wearing nicer shoes than usual.
Below are three common company environments and what to wear for each interview.
For companies that have a "business" or "conservative" dress code, stick to more of a classic and basic outfit for the first interview.
Men: Wear your traditional suit (i.e. blue, black or grey) and make sure your dress shoes are shined and your suit and shirt is wrinkle-free.
Women: Wear a traditional suit— whether it be a jacket with pants or a skirt and stick to colors such as dark grey, navy or black. Finish the look with a briefcase OR a purse, a basic pair of black pumps and simple jewelry for a winning outfit.
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Business Casual
A business causal environment will allow for a lot more freedom depending on how causal the office is.
Men: This could mean slacks and a button-down dress shirt. Leaning more on the conservative side of business causal, this may mean black, navy or grey dress slacks with a button-down shirt, tie and dress shoes. On the more casual side of the spectrum, you may want to forgo the tie and even wear khaki pants.
Women: Think about what you would normally wear to work at this company, and then dress it up a bit. For example, you could wear a dark skirt and blouse or a shift dress and cardigan.
Interviews at startups can be pretty tricky. Candidates want to fit in and show that they understand the company culture but look professional at the same time.
Men: Try a collared shirt with a sweater on top of that and pair that with jeans and closed-toe shoes.
Women: "Casual chic" should be the term that comes to mind when dressing for a startup interview. Wear something that you are comfortable in, represents you and is work-appropriate. This could mean a pair of dark jeans, simple shirt/sweater, and flats or even a causal dress would be appropriate too.
In all, we need to remember that presentation is everything especially when you are in a first interview setting. How well you take care of yourself can tell a lot about how you are as a person. Clean, put together, organized, etc. You don't have to be the cleanest and proper person, but having a clean, ironed outfit can win you a job. In any interview you have, make sure you take some of these steps and be proactive about what to wear!
Are You Putting Yourself in the Best Position to Hire Technologists?
Article By John Howard, Practice Manager in Workbridge DC.
The Current Landscape
It's no secret that the hiring landscape for software, web, and IT technologists is tough. A cursory search of newspapers from cities across the US indicate companies' need for a variety of information technology professionals; anyone keeping up with the news is aware of the monthly BLS reports indicating the US economy has consistently added jobs, and numerous sources cite tech unemployment in the neighborhood of 3% (while the national average just dipped below 6%). The most obvious litmus test, however, is done on a day-to-day basis by software, IT, and HR managers trying to hire technologists. The reality is that the majority of resumes that find their way to the hiring manager's inbox are never going to receive a phone call or an email, not because there are so many qualified applicants that only the best are contacted, but because of the opposite: the majority of job ad response are either grossly under- or overqualified, not local to the area or looking for remote / telecommute work, are from offshore or onshore tech consultancies promising numerous perfectly qualified candidates, or so far removed from anything the job description represents that one's left wondering if the applicant read the description at all.
While there are number of important factors to hiring in any market condition, to keep things simple here are three key components to effective hiring.
Take Ownership
In his recent book Zero to One, PayPal and Palantir founder Peter Thiel makes the case that hiring is one of the most important aspects to the success of any team or company, so don't leave it up to someone else to do it for you. While this certainly isn't an original idea, it's a point that is often completely overlooked when it comes to staffing. It is certainly far easier to relinquish responsibility of the majority of the hiring process to HR or recruiters (internal or external) instead of taking ownership of filling your own openings, but unfortunately it's not nearly as effective. At the same time this doesn't mean there is not immense value in partnerships and/or delegating aspects of the hiring process to various vested personnel (members / leads of your team, HR, recruiters, managers). Ultimately however, it comes down to the hiring manager allocating time in the daily or weekly schedule for phone and in-person interviews, checking out the local Meetup and user group scene for organic networking, and generally investing his or her time and energy to get the position filled with the right person(s).
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Every manager, team, company has a process they're comfortable with or at least use in order to determine whether or not they are going to hire candidate x. In a competitive market it's often the process that is blamed if an applicant goes with another offer, but in fact most companies are fairly similar when it comes to determining who they're going to hire; the issues often occur in the timing. Whether you want to see a candidate's contribution to the tech community, have 1, 2, or 3 rounds of interviews, or any similarly structured hiring process, the important thing to remember is that if you're interested in a particular candidate, so are anywhere from 1 – 10 other companies. What is your plan to get the candidate interested in the work and your company or team?
This goes back to the ownership piece; it's up to the hiring manager to work with his or her tech and hiring teams in order to ensure a smooth and speedy process. Instead of waiting until the interview goes well to schedule the next round, attempt to schedule two rounds simultaneously (i.e. when you schedule the first phone call plan for the in-person interview pending a successful screen). If an important member of the process cannot be involved in the candidate's in-person interview, have the two connect via web conference. Schedule a lunch or a coffee with an interested candidate if the process is going to be elongated for any reason. In short, one should be thinking of the next step and what may cause a successful hire not to happen.
Be Realistic
Ultimately everyone wants to hire the same person: someone with a well-rounded tech background and who specializes in one or two areas, who communicates well and is a great team-player, doesn't need a lot of hand-holding, is quick and inquisitive, and whose tech prowess will raise the quality of the team, all for a price that won't break the bank or alienate any existing team members – someone like this or on the better side of the bell curve than this. Yep, that's the one. The reality is that every company and hiring manager is looking for that person, or a lot of those persons. Understanding where you can sacrifice x or y without sacrificing the underlying quality of the hire creates a hiring advantage. Educating the other members of your team or hiring committee means everyone is on the same page and can act accordingly.
If you've had to hire, you know it's rarely this simple – often it seems that a million things need to happen, fires to put out, signatures to track down, and an incredible amount of luck in order to land one good IT applicant. But if you can prioritize the things that matter most, be flexible on the others and treat hiring as your crucial responsibility to building a good team or company, you'll create more success in hiring.
Hiring in Today's Job Market
Article by Evan Gordon, Regional Director in Workbridge Philadelphia
Are you a technology manager in need of new talent to join your team? If so, the market may be a little different since the last time you hired. As someone who has been in the recruiting industry for over a decade, it is obvious when the pendulum swings from a client to a candidate's market, and for those that have hired this year it is ever so clear; good candidates are hard to find and even harder to land. Below are a few points aimed at capturing talent in a very competitive job market.
Move Quick
Good candidates come on the market quick and jump off the market even quicker. The key to landing talent in this market is to condense lengthy interview processes and strike quick. The interview process from first interview to offer should wrap up in a week or 2 max, with an interview process consisting of 2, MAYBE 3 interviews. Do what you can to maximize a candidates visit and allow them to meet as many people in one shot as possible. Especially as the best candidates are typically employed, making it hard to schedule multiple rounds of interviews.
Be Open Minded
In the search for the "perfect" candidate, it is easy to be nearsighted and miss out on hiring candidates who may not have all the skills listed on the job description, but have both drive and desire. A bright, more junior candidate will often times outshine a more experienced candidate because they have something to prove and appreciate the opportunity. Don't undervalue desire in favor of current skills.
Sell Them on Your Job
Remember, an interview is a two way street: it's a chance for the candidate to sell you on them but also a chance for you to sell the candidate on the opportunity at hand. Make sure to get them excited about the technology, projects, opportunity and the company as a whole. It is your job as a hiring manager to get candidates excited to work for you.
Give Them a Chance to Speak
One of the most underrated parts of an interview is asking the candidate if THEY have any questions for you. This is a window into how they think and an opportunity for them to ask about upcoming projects, technology initiatives and clear up any lingering questions they might have. It is also a way to test how prepared the candidate is. If they don't have any questions prepared or simply ask about benefits, work from home, perks, etc... I recommend continuing the search.
All in all, the market has picked up considerably which is great news for the economy. With that being said, capturing talent is a about supply and demand. The demand increases as business expand and hiring increases but the supply of candidates remains mostly flat. Therefore, make an effort to capture talent before your competitors do.


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Having Syphilis And Dating
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
about syphilisIf a patient has been HIV+ for 10 yrs.,could they still have syphilis and not know it? How long after infected would this patient know if they had symptons? For example: My friend and his lover are both HIV+. Both have never been diagnosed with...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...routinely screen for syphilis (particularly in an HIVer!).2. He had some extracurricular unsafe activities outside his primary relationship.Dr. BobSyphilis March 19, 2009OverviewSyphilis is a sexually transmitted, bacterial infection that... Read more »
Treatment for syphilis (SYPHILIS)Dear Dr Bob,I was recently diagnosed with HIV on 22nd Feb 08. After a few blood tests, my HIV... Read more »
syphilis cureI WOULD LIKE TO KNOW AFTER TAKE A ANTIBIOTIC INJECTION TO CURE SYPHILIS I WAS GIVEN 2 ON EACH SIDE... Read more »
Syphilis... What is syphilis? How common is syphilis? How do people get syphilis? What are the signs and symptoms in adults? How does syphilis Read more »
Data From 28 States Suggest Federal Syphilis Elimination Efforts Have Had Significant Impact on Syphilis Rates...given year, the greater the decline in syphilis rates in subsequent years. While this type of analysis cannot confirm a causal relationship between syphilis elimination funding and declining syphilis rates, the results suggest that such funding... Read more »
This Month in HIV: Sex and Dating When You're HIV Positive...too. People tend to forget that. You know, if somebody's walking around with a very virulent strain of gonorrhea or undetected syphilis, for an immunocompromised person, this can be potentially a problematic situation. David Salyer: I agree... Read more »
Syphilis and MSM (Men Who Have Sex With Men)...sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, is to abstain from sexual contact or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected. Avoiding alcohol and drug use may... Read more »
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small bump on upper penis...syphilis?
Posted by sparkplug, 2 Replies...Hello all.... six weeks ago....i got intimate with a guy i was kind of dating. We got naked, made out, and did some dry humping (nothing else). i did not notice sores on his penis, and we discussed STDs Read more »
When is it right to tell someone your dating
Posted by PondersLife, 6 Replies...Hi Guys!! I would like to find out everyone's opinion on when is a good time to tell someone who your dating and/or interested in..I have been single now for 7 years, since I found out I'm +, recently I've started going back out to the Read more »
Dont know if you remember me
Posted by Anonymous...and I was the bottom. Aug. 5th, my results came in. HIV negative, but showed positive for Herpes 1 & 2, and reactive to Syphilis. My HIV test was 38 days post exposure. I do not know the status of my partner, as he states "I'm Clean". Now,... Read more »
syphilis & HIV
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...Hi, My VDRL came out +ve with 1:16 titre and TPHA was +ve while HIV came out -ve in week 5. Doctor confirmed it as syphilis and gave me my first penicillin jab and some medication to be taken for two weeks. After the medication, my rash had... Read more »
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Life On Fire
Ash RunnersEpisode Guide »
On the volcanic island of New-Britain off the coast of Papua New Guinea, a handful of animals have learned to live with the Earth's moods. When ash from a volcanic eruption invades their habitat, the choice is simple: leave or stay and adapt. In truth, it's not that easy, since volcanoes and their actions are unpredictable and each creature responds in its own way. This episode presents the reactions of strange birds, mischievous hermit crabs and gregarious flying foxes as well as the majestic Priamus butterflies.
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Pioneers of the DeepAsh RunnersPhoenix Temple
Holly is on a mission to get to know more Vermonters, what inspires them, what makes them tick, and to learn how Vermont PBS can better serve. Watch the video...
Did you miss Brothers of the Gut? You can still order the DVD. Check out the documentary page for more info!
Original series, specials, documentaries and web shows produced by Vermont PBS
- PBS Kids - many videos and games for children!
- Educator Resources - for teachers and parents.
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Join Us for 2 Hours of Rainbow Six Siege
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New Rainbow Six Siege Hands-On: 6 Things We Think
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text:
Lots of new videos showing me playing in a variety of styles are now on the Video page. You'll find clips of me playing with Michael Gaither (Americana), the Monterey Jazz Orchestra, and jazz pianist Darren Wilson, among others.
Listen while you browse
Latest Tweets
- At CSUMB about to take part in a Latin Jazz masterclass with John Nava and lots of other awesome musician friends! 3 days ago
- @PacRepTheatre thanks! Hope things are great over there, I miss you guys! 2 weeks ago
- RT @SFJAZZ: Excerpt from #TajMahal's #ThankYouJoni video! What would you say to #JoniMitchell? Full vid: bit.ly/1Mzk4P4 http://t.co… 2 weeks ago
- Huge year-We had our 3rd child, teaching job going well, new "alchemical" album release soon &more new music written! http://t.co/q2f1eWsQ3T 2 weeks ago
- RT @pierceranch: We welcome solo bassists @johnlestermusic and @SteveUccello to the tasting room tomorrow night, 2/21. 8pm, $5, 21+ 1 month ago
Recent Posts


text: Hi, I'm Hannah and I love plants, nature, travel, food, family and friends. I am a homeopath and am discovering more and more about medicinal plants which is taking me around the world, which is very exciting. I currently live in Kent but will be relocating to Edinburgh next summer to follow my dreams of learning about herbs and living a low-impact life. I love to meet people from all walks of life and have a great passion for sustainable living, oh and cake! I have joined Airbnb as I think it seems like a great way to meet great people and to just have fun!


text:
This article is part of the The Legend of Tooth Tooth series.
"A proud few of us remain, Tooth Tooth, who sing the praises of Odin through our black metal-- black because, though we were cursed and corrupted with the white skin of Yacub's perverse science, we retain the memory of our true ancestor, the Asiatic original black man. We decorate our bodies as a parody of Yacub's horror, and yet we strive above all to regain our righteous essence. We burn down the churches of Yacub's mystery god."
Tooth straight buggin out he head by now, you heard? Last time he shared true wisdom with a white man was years back, when he built with Pope John Paul II. But this was truly some next-level shit, and Tooth's head was spinning like a mafucker. Could what this white creature said be true? Was he merely an agent of Jeremy Birdcastle, the alabaster sorcerer who corrupted Tooth with swine? But something was telling Tooth that this white man could be trusted-- surely a vexatious emotion for one such as he!
No doubt, god.
But one thing troubled Tooth above all. How did Valp Kattunge, the blood-smeared black metal wizard of the white north, find Tooth Tooth in this most corrupted of places? Seem as though Valp already detected the question that gnawed at Tooth's soul, so he spoke right up on that.
"I was guided here by a friend, Tooth Tooth. He said that you had been corrupted by Yacub's followers in a most heinous fashion. He knew where you would be, and with haste I booked a Mørktvarg concert. As I tell you this, I sense that you know of whom I speak."
And Tooth did know, true enough. What friend he got with that kind of loyalty, to head far into the hinterlands of the earth and summon a seven-foot black man disguised in the palest white skin of the enemy? What friend know Tooth gonna end up at the county fair, even though that ain't a place where Tooth normally be caught dead at?
"Yes, my righteous brother," said Valp. "Your beloved eagle is my friend, too. He lived for millenia atop Yggdrasil, the mythic world tree, until he was captured by agents of white cruelty and placed in a cage. You rescued him, Tooth Tooth. The eagle became your brother, and though you have tasted the hated flesh of swine, he is your brother still."
And though Tooth kept his outward cool, he found himself overcome by emotions. "I feared that my eagle had abandoned me due to my corruption," he told Valp. "For he was not a bird that would tolerate the eating of swine, even in his spiritual brother."
"He cannot be by your side at this time, Tooth Tooth. But your eagle would never truly forsake you. He has laid before you the path of redemption, and you will find it here, in this most corrupt of places. There are two things here, Tooth Tooth, that will be very important to you. One is a swine, the garbage-browsing creature so reviled by your just palate-- and not just any swine: the world's largest."
"By the souls of my black forefathers," spoke Tooth Tooth. "Unwittingly, I have entered the most evil place in the universe! More evil perhaps than Patmos, historical stronghold of Yacub's legions."
"But there is another piece to this puzzle, Tooth Tooth. There is another great peril in this place: Jeremy Birdcastle himself."
"No! I cannot face him in this state of porcine intoxication!"
"But you must, Tooth Tooth, and you will. He is here to show off a huge-ass turnip that he grew in his windowsill in the East Village. He is an urban farmer, and he hopes to gain further status among the white man by displaying this huge-ass turnip to them."
"Egad," Tooth Tooth cried. "That is some bitch shit."
To Be Continued...
Tucker Carlson's idiot brother just called New York mayor Bill de Blasio's spokeswoman a "LabiaFace."
Hey, have you guys ever seen a picture of a cat before? Well, guess what. It's your lucky day, because I'm mixing the concept of a picture of my cat with the concept of the Internet!
A psychic terrorist travels to the 1990s to win his true love by murdering her entire wedding party!
The SA Goons deliver another knockout round of soccer GIFs!
Get caught up on these last-minute Bloodborne changes and read our review!
The Something Awful front page news tackles anything both off and on the Internet. Mostly "on" though, as we're all incredible nerds.
Copyright ©2015 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


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I am more than just pleased with the service and efficiency you guys provided. It would be an understatement to say that I'm happy. I'm more than...Read More ->
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Jub Jub Plays Football
Last we saw Jub Jub McFadden, he was balancing stuff on his giant head. This time, he plays middle linebacker, tackling young Nate on the football field with the aplomb of a canine Brian Urlacher.
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Advantages and Weaknesses Wireless Preliminary Local area network technology, or local area network (LAN) is a technology data communications systems of the most popular in computer network technology. Use of LAN in connecting two computers and more implemented in all public and private organizations, schools, colleges and universities, shops and cafes are also residential. Among the advantages of LAN is to connect two or more computers in a small size until the size of which depends to a large say computers, servers, printers and peripherals, network hardware such as hubs, switches and routers. LAN configuration is very simple and has security features that are appropriate to their needs. However, connections of each user or node on the LAN requires installation of network wiring. The length and number of cable networks is dependent on the number and location of each node in the LAN. If many nodes, the more the number of cable networks are needed. Meanwhile, if the remote location of a node from another node it is necessary for the extension cable into a LAN must also be long. 1.0 Wireless Local Area Network Besides using a network cable connecting node to the LAN, wireless technology or wireless can also be used. Wireless local area network or wireless local area network (WLAN) is a flexible data communication system that can be implemented as an alternative to wired LAN network. By using radio frequency technology, WLANs transmit and receive data through the air, to minimize dependence on a cable connection. Thus, the WLAN has to incorporate a combination of data connectivity to mobile users or nodes. 1.1 WLAN Technology WLANs use electromagnetic airwaves (radio or infrared) to convert information from one node to another node without having to rely on a physical network cable connection network. Radio waves are used as carriers because of the easy to send data to the receiver. Digital data is sent to convert digital signals to analog signals. It is then sent via a carrier wave to the receiver and extracted it to a digital signal. This data is commonly used as a carrier by modulating the signal is being transmitted. Thus, the data modulated on a carrier radio wave, radio signals will take more than one frequency, this happens because the frequency or bit rate of the information has been added to the modulated carrier signal. 1.2 Wifi Wi-Fi stands for wireless fidelity, or is the technology that allows for users of computers and other network hardware that supports technologies such as Personal Digital Assistan (PDAs) and mobile phones to communicate in a LAN network or Internet access to the broadband network without a wired network. By using a Wi-Fi AP or wireless router, a LAN or Internet network can be accessed without a cable in the range of approximately 300 square feet or within 100 meters. 2.0 Advantages WLAN With the WLAN, users can access the network communication system without the need to find a place as a wired connection to the network. In addition, network managers can configure or build the network without having to install or additional cables. WLAN offers several advantages such as productivity, comfort, and advantage in terms of cost compared with traditional network wiring. Here are the advantages of WLAN. 2.1 Mobility Wireless LAN system to provide easy access to information in real-time, anywhere. Such mobility can increase productivity and quality of networking services to all people over the LAN wiring. 2.2 Installation / Setup is fast and simple Installation and configuration of wireless LAN systems is very simple and easier than installing a wired network that requires pulling out the cable through the ceiling, floor or wall. Thus, the installation of LAN will no longer require renovation floor, ceiling and wall because with just installing an access point (AP) is sufficient in a particular environment. 2.3 Flexibility Technology enables wireless LAN network can be achieved by the places that can not be achieved with a wired network. LAN services to participants who are outside the buildings and areas that do not have a network connection the network cable is no longer possible with the WLAN. Access to communication systems can be performed in every nook and corner of the WLAN coverage. 2.4 Reduced Cost-of-Ownership Although the initial investment cost for the purchase of hardware equipment WLAN is higher than the cable network hardware, but when calculated as a whole, installation and life- cycle cost, then it is significantly cheaper. WLAN is used in a working environment that is dynamic and changes constantly to meet the movement. But long-term benefits of a WLAN is much higher when compared with wired LAN network. WLAN installation can survive and to meet the needs of users without installing new cables. 2.5 scalability WLAN communication system may be configured in a variety of topologies to meet the needs of users. Configuration can be changed easily by the network peer-to-peer suitable for a small number of users in a classroom or small hall through to the network infrastructure to serve thousands of users and allows roaming in large areas. 2.6 Independent Cable Free cable is the cable refers to a fibrous network, better known by the popular word "Free Spaghetti." This is because each time a new connection is made, the new network wiring should be made. If the wiring work is not done with the update, the process of identifying the problem will be complex, especially in the rack switches. In addition, the existence of many network cable on the ceiling, the floor and the wall also result in less finish the office space. Therefore, the use of WLAN is able to solve the problem of the cable arrangement. 3.0 WLAN Weaknesses Although the WLAN is often the choice of each organization, but there are weaknesses that could affect the productivity aspects of access, Quality of Service (QoS) and network security. Among the weaknesses of WLAN is the access speed issues, the performance is not stable, easily compromised, weak encryption standard configuration and weaknesses. 3.1 Weaknesses Speed Web Access WLAN access method that uses a wavelength which can be shared by many users resulting in high-speed access to the affected. This is because the AP does not have a function that is used to provide broadband service equally accessible by the user. Therefore, an increasing number of users to access the AP via the bandwidth will be shared by other users. If a WiFi users to access a big range, so other users would be affected by the access network through the WLAN. In addition, the access speed of access as per AP location is different. If the node is located close to the AP, the signal received is high. Conversely, the farther the location of the node from the AP obtained the weaker signal. 3.2 Performance Signal Flaky WLAN technology that uses radio waves in the 2.4GHz range easily distracted if here are disruptions in the signal around. Signal interference, or more accurately known as "interference signal" is defined as disruption of radio waves transmitted to the node and received from the node. Some examples of disorders that affect the performance and volatility of the confines of a sound wave signal is between the AP and the network access node. Sound waves cause the noise disturbed the WLAN radio signal and thus lead to the data transmission is also affected by it. In addition, the interference wave signals also occur when a lot of physical barriers in a location. This is a physical barrier such as walls, ceiling and floor. WLAN wave signals to be reduced as the physical barriers and may not be up to the point of obstruction although still within reach of the distance radius AP. In addition, due to too many people access and use of the heavy chain of the AP has also resulted in WLAN performance, and it always hangs network instability. 3.3 Exposure to aggression Access to WLAN usage can not be controlled because it is based on roaming signal. Therefore, any station or node which is within the roaming signal can access the WLAN. This will allow the intruder surf through the network or any location outside the area unnoticed. This will cause the entire network vulnerable to attacks, threats and aggression that could invite security issues seriously. 3.4 Configuration Weaknesses The weakness of the configuration is the most significant weakness of the security. Installation and usage of WLAN products that set the default setting most easily invaded. Typically, the vendors who manufacture and supply of WLAN products to provide convenience to customers on products sold primarily in terms of easy installation and installation by using default settings. However, the security implications can also cause great risk. This is true if the rule (setting) the equipment is not changed and is still using the default settings, such as the name Service Set Identifier (SSID), your Internet Protocol (IP) of APs, remote management, DHCP, and enable password. This item will give a very big space to the network trespassers to access the network illegally as trespassers will usually know the default setting for the wireless LAN equipment. 3.5 Weaknesses Encryption Standard Wired Equivalency Privacy, or WEP encryption is a standard used primarily in the WLAN communication system. Communications between the AP and the nodes in a WLAN using WEP encryption has a weakness that may affect network security. The data is encrypted using this technology can be broken down by network intruders to quickly and easily. In addition to WEP, another encryption standard is the WiFi Protected Access, or WPA. WPA encryption is stronger than WEP. However, it can also be broken by the intruders, but not easily and quickly as WEP. 4.0 Proposed WLAN Overcoming Weakness Despite the obvious weaknesses of WLAN, WLAN implementations still needs to be done to meet the demands of all users. Therefore, the best approach is to perform the installation of WLAN AP installations in every corner of the room, and office buildings, with emphasis on aspects of ICT security. There are many techniques to overcome shortcomings such as concealment WLAN SSID, WEP or WPA, and so forth. Still only two (2) security approach used by the Media Access Control address filter (MAC), intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion barrier system (IPS). This approach is taken because it provides a high level of WLAN security in line with the convenience to the consumer WLAN to WLAN access at any location and at any time. In addition, the implementation and architecture of WLANs is in accordance with guidelines and security policies. 4.1 Filtering Address Media Access Control (MAC) Media Access Control (MAC) is a method that uses the physical address of the computer hardware to prevent and identify in the event of invasion. Every computer that uses a WLAN to be registered to use the physical address of the computer. Each computer has a physical address of the computer hardware is different and unique. Filter March would allow the MAC address was registered only in the setting of wireless router that can be networked for LAN and Internet facilities. Thus, any computer that does not register the MAC address will be denied access to the WLAN. 4.2 Intrusion Detection Systems and Intrusion Barrier System The use of intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion barrier system (IPS) for WLAN is very efficient and effective. Airtight products were used. Installation of the units Airtight done in every corner of the WLAN signal coverage. Airtight function is to detect unusual signals, such as patent attacks from the node and prevents the signal from access to the AP. In addition, Airtight is also able to detect and prevent any ad hoc signals in the environment. Because the WLAN access can be performed anywhere within the signal coverage of the AP, the actual location of nodes is difficult to detect. However, Airtight can solve this problem by providing a map / plan of the location of nodes in a WLAN with a right to the network administrator. Thus, the location of the intruder can be detected with the exact position of the location. 5.0 Conclusion See the development of communication technology in the future, is to ensure that wireless technologies will dominate the communications sector. Wireless technology has the advantage of easy to use, portable and cost effective. In addition, this wireless technology is a technology that has the potential to grow rapidly and have the ability to be upgraded. However, the implementation of WLAN in government agencies and security measures should be prioritized and monitored constantly. This is because there is flexibility in the WLAN if not managed properly will cause problems in the agency's ICT security.
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Hoaxes Throughout History
Middle Ages • Early Modern • 1700s • 1800-1840s • 1850-1890s
1900s • 1910s • 1920s • 1930s • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990s • 21st Century • 2014
1900s • 1910s • 1920s • 1930s • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990s • 21st Century • 2014
Cult of the New Eve
The Cult of the New Eve appears to be an organization that celebrates the physical transformation of humans through biotechnology and genetic engineering. Their 'New Eve' is the name they use to refer to the unknown donor whose DNA was sequenced by the Human Genome Project. They vigorously oppose any kind of ethical or religious opposition to bioengineering, proclaiming that 'humankind is not spiritual - it is material.' In reality, the site isn't the homepage of some extreme scientific cult. It's the creation of an art group known as the Critical Art Ensemble. They've created another site called The Society for Reproductive Anachronisms (not totally safe for work), that appears to be the polar opposite of the Cult of the New Eve, being an organization opposed to any kind of genetic alterations. The Critical Arts Ensemble has been in the news recently because one of its members, Steve Kurtz, is being charged with the illegal possession of biological agents, even though Kurtz insists these 'biological agents' were nothing more dangerous than you'd find in a high school biology lab, and that he uses the material in his art.
|Body ManipulationWebsites
|Posted by The Curator on Mon Jun 14, 2004
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The DNA used the Human Genome Project was taken from not one but several of the many donations they received.Posted by PlantPerson on Mon Jun 14, 2004 at 04:09 PM
Commenting is no longer available in this channel entry.
All text Copyright © 2014 by Alex Boese, except where otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.


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What is the Avvo Rating?
Ann Merritt is a tireless advocate for people and truly puts others before herself. This lawyer breaks the mold of every bad attorney stereotype. She...
Posted by: a Medical Malpractice client, almost 4 years ago.
2 endorsements
I endorse this lawyer.
15 years since Ann M. Merritt was first licensed to practice law.
We have not found any instances of professional misconduct for this lawyer.


text:
Beef Talk: Two-thirds of the pie
The Dickinson Research Extension Center has fed cattle for many years, at least the last 14 years. The center has fed cattle in a commercial feedlot. Those cattle have performed well, but a struggle always remains between weaned-calf value, backgrounded calf value and fed-calf value.
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BGN 379.00 including tax
Black handbag with long handles and strap closure. In tightly woven canvas made from a blend of cotton and hardwearing jute fibre.
G-Star accessories are designed to be worn with denim.
Size: Width 38cm / 15". Height 28cm / 11.0".
Fabric: Patton canvas. 57% cotton, 43% jute.
Colour: Black.
Art nr: 21.141.99601C.5880.990
Shipping & returns
5-7 working days.
Shipping is free on orders above BGN 98,-, orders lower than BGN 98,- have shipping costs of BGN 9,70.
Unworn items can be returned within 14 days of receipt at no extra charge. Returned items must be in original packaging and still have all labels attached. Full details of the return policy are outlined on your invoice.
Refunds will be credited to your bank or credit card account 2-3 weeks after your order is delivered to the DHL service point.


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I am always pleased with the service I receive. I buy regularly from MJM and have never had a problem other than having to wait for my items to...Read More ->
My name is Ricardo and Im a brazillian magician. MJM has the BEST customer service you will find. They reply all kind of questions/e-mails very fast,...Read More ->


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Because it's one of Rod's favorites, I thought I'd talk him into doing a review of the 2007 Hug Cellars Arroyo Seco Sauvignon Blanc. This is his first time on film as a wine reviewer, and nerves notwithstanding, I thought he did a great job! Enjoy the great premier of my dearly beloved as he enjoys the wine and unusual pairing!
Canon HV30, Kodak Z710 EasyShare, MacBook Pro, iMovie '09.
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'The Pee Analyzer' combats drunk driving via urinals
The Pee Analyzer, is a multi-step monitoring program designed to decrease the number of drunk drivers by letting valets know when a person can or cannot drive
By PoliceOne Staff
A Singapore nightclub is attempting to decrease the number of fatal accidents caused by drunk driving by developing a new urinal-based product that analyzes a person's alcohol levels.
The Pee Analyzer is a multi-step monitoring program that begins when a person parks their vehicle at a club. The valet hands the driver an RFID-enabled parking pass in exchange for their keys, according to Inquisitr.com.
The parking pass then updates status via a urine testing device in the urinal, even displaying messages on a screen directly in front urinal saying, "Maybe you've had one too many to drive; call a cab or use our drive home service."
When the driver returns to their vehicle, the card lets the valet know whether the person is safe to drive.
If the valet is alerted that the driver is intoxicated, a ride will be offered to take the person home.
The early results have been great. Of the 573 people the Pee Analyzer tested, 342 of them chose to take a cab home or use the club's driving service, according to the article.
Join the discussion
'The Pee Analyzer' combats drunk driving via urinals
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text:
Alpine Suites Allgäu
from £219 /night help
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Excludes fees (if applicable). Enter your dates to see the total cost.
The top floor apartment's open living, dining and cooking space and the balcony
Availability Your dates are available
Chalet | 5 bedrooms | sleeps 9
|Key Info
Together and yet apart: two spacious holiday apartments provide first-class comfort for your family or business gathering with up to 9 people. The apartment "Bellevue", located on the "noble floor" of the house, captivates with its alpine elegance and the beautiful views. On 160sqm, suitable for up to 5 people, the apartment offers 3 bedrooms, one with a double bed, one with queen size bed (1.40m wide) and one with a single bed, a large bathroom, a separate toilet, a lounge, a "Stube" (alpine snuggery), a kitchen, an extensive balcony and a large, sheltered panoramic terrace.
On the floor above, the newly built attic loft "Mansarde Alpine" stands out by its open, modern architecture. The light-filled, spacious living-dining area with Mediterranean-style kitchen opens up towards the balcony through an enormous glass door, affording a spectacular view on the mountain chain. Suitable for up to 4 people, the apartment's floor plan encompasses on a total space of 160 sqm two bedrooms (each with king size beds), two bathrooms, a dressing room, an extensive living area with open kitchen, and two large balconies, one of them providing access to the private garden and bbq area.
The two apartments are also connected by an inner staircase. While the apartment doors provide privacy, places for socializing are not lacking: The Bellevue's cosy snuggery with its large dining table, and its terrace with barbecue and open fireplace; or the Mansarde Alpine's open kitchen and dining area.
|Sleeps up to 9, 5 bedrooms
|Will consider
|Corporate bookings, House swap, Long term lets (over 1 month)
|Car not necessary
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|Some pets are welcome - please contact the owner, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Log fire, Internet access, DVD player
|Central heating, TV, Video player, CD player, Safe, Satellite TV, Wi-Fi available
|Kettle, Toaster
|Clothes dryer, Dishwasher, Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|5 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms of which 3 Family bathrooms
|Double beds (4), Single beds (1), Cots (1), Dining seats for 9, Lounge seats for 9
|Linen provided, Towels provided, High chair
|Balcony or terrace, Private garden, BBQ
|Secure parking
About this location
The Bavaria region
About the owner
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This holiday home hasn't got any reviews yet. The average rating on Holiday Lettings is four out of five. This place could be newly added or perhaps it's a well kept secret. Either way, it's time to reveal all.
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You're booking with
Caroline M.
- 3 Years listed
60% Response rate
Calendar last updated:23 Oct 2014
Based in Germany
- English
- French
- German
Payment accepted
Paypal accepted
Credit cards accepted


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Terms & Conditions.
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Disclosed herein is a composite permanent magnet and a circuit which employs a plurality of such magnets. The composite magnet combines discrete sections of a first magnet material with at least one discrete section of a second magnetic material. The first material has a high residual magnetic strength and a moderate energy product. The second material is many times more expensive than the first material and is characterized by a high residual magnetic strength and a high energy product.
Also disclosed is a circuit combining a plurality of such composite magnets. The circuit combines the above magnets in such a way that there is a reduction in magnetic leakage in the circuit.
1. A composite magnet comprising:
at least a first discrete section of a first magnetic material, having
a high residual magnetic strength, and
an energy product greater than 3 million G-Oe;
a second discrete section of a second magnetic material comprising at least 1/3 of the composite and
dissimilar to the first material,
having a high residual magnetic strength,
at least a high energy product greater than 15 million G-Oe;
an intrinsic coercive force (Hci) greater than 3000 Oe,
the first material in contact with the second and the first material surrounding at least 30% of the surface area of the second material.
2. A composite magnet as set forth in claim 1, wherein there are at least 2 discrete first sections and the first material surrounds at least 2 sides of the second material.
3. A composite magnet as set forth in claim 1, wherein the energy product of the first material is between 3-12 million G-Oe and the energy product of the second material is greater than 17 million G-Oe.
4. A composite magnet as set forth in claim 3 wherein the second magnetic material is from the family of elements known as rare earth transition metals (RE-TM).
5. A composite magnet as set forth in claim 4 wherein the first magnetic material is barrium ferrite oxide (BaFe2 O3).
6. A composite magnet as set forth in claim 4 wherein the first magnetic material is aluminum nickel cobalt (A1NiCo).
7. A magnetic circuit, comprising:
a plurality of composite magnets as set forth in claim 1;
the magnets being located adjacent one another and coaxially aligned;
the magnets being spaced apart by a fixed air gap, such that the first material of one magnet is directly adjacent the first material of another magnet;
each adjacent magnet being different in polarity thereby creating alternating north and south poles;
whereby strong lines of flux are created across the air gap by the directly adjacent first materials causing the lines of flux of adjacent second materials to be bowed away from the air gap.
This invention relates to permanent magnets and more specifically to composite permanent magnets and circuits incorporating such magnets.
Permanent magnets have been known since 600 B.C. Since that time scientists and engineers have made various improvements. Many of these improvements are documented in Moskowitz "Permanent Magnet Design and Application Handbook" (Cahners Books International, Inc. 1976) at pages 4-7 which is incorporate herein by reference.
Modern developments in improving magnets have focused for some time on rare earth-transition (RE-TM) magnets. Such magnets have considerably stronger magnetic properties and are approximately 10 times stronger than iron magnets and five times stronger than ferrite magnets.
RE-TM magnets are made from rare earth-transition metal compounds. An accepted definition for such compounds is found in Jandeska, Jr. et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,757 which states, "the chemical combination of a transition metal such as cobalt, nickel, iron, manganese and chrome and a rare earth element such as yttrium, lanthanium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysoprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, or samarium. The rare earth constituent may also be in the form of mischmetal, naturally occuring or refined combinations of rare earth elements . . . . The rare earth-transition metals suitable for use herein are those having high energy products. The energy product is a measure of the energy that a magnet material can supply to an external magnetic circuit such as a flux field for a D.C. motor, without demagnetizing."
While such RE-TM magnets have extremely desirable magnetic properties, they are difficult to form into shapes useful for a magnet. Consequently, they are extremely expensive. For instance, RE-TM magnetic materials are typically, 80 to 100 times the cost of Alnico magnets and 175-200 times the cost of ferrite magnets. However, the tremendous disparity in the cost has retarded the usage of RE-TM magnets in general commerce.
Recently, efforts have been made to use RE-TM powders in unconventional ways in order to utilize their superior magnetic properties while minimizing the cost. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,042,341 and 3,892,601 to Smeggil and Smeggil et al, respectively, which are both incorporated herein by reference have disclosed a method for deposition of substantially uniform layers of transition metal and rare earth metal at temperatures below 1000� C. for the desired thickness. The magnetic film deposited is composed of a plurality of RE-TM compounds depending on the properties desired. The metals are decomposed at 1000� C. to yield vapors, which are then condensed on a substrate to form a continuous, substantially uniform coating or layer of metal thereon.
Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,757 supra, which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a method for forming RE-TM powders directly into radially aligned thin, curved, permanent magnets, particularly for use as magnetic pole pieces. The magnets are preferably thin, self-supporting structures.
Despite the well-funded efforts of some very large and powerful companies as shown by the above disclosures, the processes described above are not likely to bring the RE-TM magnets into common commercial usage. Deposition equipment is expensive and requires very skilled operators. The method described for forming RE-TM powders in U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,757 supra is a complicated and labor intensive process, and is believed to be quite expensive.
The invention disclosed takes a novel approach to the problem of the difficult to work with and expensive high performance magnetic materials. Though simple in nature, the invention reflects a deep and well-reasoned understanding of magnetic materials.
Applicant has discovered that by physically combining discrete sections of a first magnetic material with a discrete section of a second very powerful magnetic material, a composite magnet results which yields properties very close to the second material. Preferably, the first material is barrium ferrite (BaFe2 O3), while the second material is preferably a RE-TM magnet such as samarium cobolt (SMCo5). In particular the composite comprises:
A. at least a first discrete section of a first magnetic material, the material,
(1) having a high residual magnetic strength, and
(2) having an energy product greater than 3 million G-Oe;
B. a second discrete section of a second magnetic material comprising at least 1/3 by weight of the composite
(1) dissimiliar to the first material,
(2) having a high residual magnetic strength,
(3) having an energy product of at least 15 million G-Oe,
(4) having an intrinsic coercive force at least 3000 Oe; and
C. the first material in contact with the second material and the first material surrounding at least 30% of the surface area of the second material.
The invention also includes a magnetic circuit, comprising:
a plurality of such composite magnets (above);
the magnets being located adjacent one another and coaxially aligned;
the magnets being spaced apart by a fixed air gap, such that the first material of one magnet is directly adjacent the first material of another magnet; and
each adjacent magnet having a different polarity thereby creating alternating north and south poles, whereby strong lines of flux are created across the air gap by the directly adjacent first materials causing the lines of flux between adjacent second materials to be bowed away from the air gap.
With the adjacent second materials' lines of flux being caused to bow away from the air gap they are more efficiently focused to do work. There is a resultant loss of leakage and an increase in efficiency of the magnetic properties of the second material and the circuit as a whole. This discovery can be utilized for example in synchronous drive. The bowed lines of flux of the second material are focused and directed to their counterpart on an opposite side of such a synchronous drive. The focusing and directing of the second more powerful and more expensive magnetic material by the first less powerful and less expensive materials enables a fraction of the second material to be used to do the same work.
An object of this invention is to provide a composite magnet wherein a less expensive material is used in place of more expensive material and the overall performance of the magnet approaches the more expensive material.
Another object of this invention is to provide a magnetic circuit wherein a plurality of such composite magnets are used to reduce the overall magnetic leakage of the circuit.
Other advantages as set forth herein will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the composite magnet in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a synchronous drive including a plurality of the composite magnets of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of one face of the synchronous drive.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of two adjacent composite magnets of the synchronous drive.
With reference to the drawing, there is shown preferred embodiments of the invention. FIG. 1 and 2 show a composite magnet in accordance with this invention. FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate a magnetic circuit which uses a plurality of composite magnets of the type shown in FIG. 1.
With particular reference to FIG. 1 there is shown one embodiment of a composite magnet in accordance with this invention generally designated by the numeral 10. The composite magnet includes a first section 12 of a first magnetic material substantially surrounding and in contact with a second section 14 of a second magnetic material.
In the preferred embodiment shown in in FIG. 1 the first magnetic material comprises approximately two-thirds (2/3) by weight of the composite. The first material has a high residual magnetic force (Br), which is the ability of the material to retain the magnetic moment alignment after the external magnetizing force is removed. There are basically two kinds of magnetic material, hard and soft. Soft magnetic material describes a ferromagnetic material in which all moment alignment is substantially lost when the external magnetizing field is removed. For example, iron and mild steel are considered soft. Hard magnetic materials are those which retain their magnetic properties after the field is removed. For the purpose of this invention, hard is synonymous with permanent magnet.
The first material is a hard magnetic material and has a Br of at least 3500 gauss (G).
The first material further is defined by its magnetic maximum energy product (BHmax). BHmax is also written as (Bd Hd)max, where Bd (also known as remanence) is the magnetic induction retained by a magnet (with an air gap) after the initial magnetizing force is removed and Hd is the force applied to a previously magnetized material to reduce the remanent to zero. The maximum energy product is the product of Bd Hd.
The first material has a maximum energy product of at least 3 million gauss-oersted (G-Oe).
Specific materials which meet the above magnetic requirements include BaFe2 o3, many of the Alnicos and others. It has been found preferable by applicant to use BaFe2 O3 for the first material.
The second material is dissimilar to the first material. Like the first material 12, the second material has a high residual magnetic strength and is a hard magnetic material. The second material has a much higher energy product BHmax, greater than 15 million G-Eo. In addition this second material has a high intrinsic coercive force (Hci) of at least 3000 Oe and preferably greater than 9000 Oe.
Typically, materials found to meet such magnetic requirements include samarium cobalt SmCo5 and cerrium copper. The applicant has found samarium cobalt to be particularly appropriate for the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
A second embodiment of a composite magnet in accordance with this invention is shown in FIG. 2 and denoted generally by the numeral 20. The magnet 20 comprises a block 22 of the first magnetic material as described above. The block is drilled to make a hole 24. An insert 26 is fit snuggly within hole 24. The insert is made from the second magnetic material described above.
The first magnetic material ranges from a low to moderate cost, typically, from $0.50 to $6.00 per pound. On the other hand the second magnetic material is one of a family of rare earth-transition compounds as previously defined. The cost of such materials is very high, typically, $100 per pound.
Applicant has found that by combining at least 1/3 of the second magnetic material with the remaining portion the first magnetic material, costs are significantly reduced, while the magnetic characteristics of the composite is greatly improved over the first material and substantially approaches the magnetic characteristics of the second material. By contacting and substantially surrounding (at least 60%, and in some embodiments as great as 80%) the surface area of the second magnetic material with the first magnetic material, the results referred to above are achieved.
Alternatively, the sections may be held together by a layer of glue. For example, sections 12 and 14 could have a layer of epoxy therebetween for permanently bonding them together. The layer may be magnetic or non-magnetic without affecting the performance of the composite 10.
As will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 3-5, when a plurality of such composite magnets are combined into a magnetic circuit, greater than expected efficiencies are noted. In fact, the circuit performs at a level very close to what one would expect from a circuit using only the second material. The amount of flux leakage from the more powerful second material is minimized or directed by the like polarity of the surrounding first material. The magnetic flux lines are directed away from the second material of the adjacent magnet having an opposite polarity.
With particular reference to FIG. 3 there is shown a synchronous drive denoted generally by numeral 30. The drive 30 includes two confronting sides 32 and 34. Each side includes an iron back plate 36 and 38, respectively. Each of the magnets 40, shown in FIG. 4, is attached coaxially with a fixed air gap between the magnets 40. Each of the adjacent magnets 40 has an alternating polarity, e.g. north pole, south pole.
The magnetic circuit formed by the synchronous drive in FIG. 3 is shown clearly in FIG. 5. A first magnet 40 has a front face with a north pole and edges 42 and 44. A second magnet 40 has a front face with a south pole and edges 46 and 48. It will be noted that edges 44 and 46 are directly adjacent one another across the air gap. The edges 42, 44, 46 and 48 are made from the first magnetic material and are of opposite polarity, north and south. The opposite polarity of the first materials of sides 44 and 46 causes magnetic flux lines to be created across the air gap. These flux lines vary in strength depending on the strength or energy product of the first material.
The flux lines of the first material across the gap cause the flux lines of the opposite-polarity second material to be bowed distortedly. Thus the flux lines of the second material are bowed or directed away from the air gap which would cause leakage. The more the flux lines of the second stronger magnetic material are directed away from the air gap, the less leakage in the system, thus greater efficiency of the system.
The air gap between composite magnets may be large or small depending on the criteria for the circuit design. In the case where space is extremely limited, such as the synchronous drive shown and described herein, the air gap is very small. In some cases the air gap is no larger than a layer of glue or epoxy. The epoxy is used to bond the composites together permanently.
Applicant has thusly invented a magnetic circuit, which by proper placement of expensive, high powered magnetic materials, more effectively uses the materials at a lower overall cost.
While the foregoing has described certain preferred embodiments of the invention in detail and with particularity, the foregoing is merely illustrative of the invention and is not meant to limit the invention. The invention is limited only by the appended claims.
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Paint in America
The Colors of Historic Buildings
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : Preservation Press, National Trust for Historic Preservation, c1994
Branch Call Number: 698.14 P1474
Characteristics: 318 p. :,ill. (chiefly col.) ;,26 cm
Additional Contributors:
Alternate Title: Colors of historic buildings
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DIFFA's "Cocktails By Design" Event
Support Design Industries Foundation Fighting AIDS noteworthy event on Thursday, March 19th, from 7-10pm at Pier 94.
Try cocktail pairings with signature dishes from some of the New York's best restaurants and food purveyors amidst designer dining installations. This year, DIFFA celebrates its 31st year as one of the largest funders of HIV/AIDS service and education programs in the United States. Since its founding, DIFFA has provided over $40 million to hundreds of HIV/AIDS organizations nationwide. *To purchase tickets, click here.
Support "Time Out For Hunger" Campaign
Time Out New York and Food Bank For New York City will be teaming up for the 12th annual Time Out For Hunger campaign on Sunday, March 29th!
On this day, participating restaurants throughout the five boroughs will generously donate 10% of their daily sales to Food Bank For New York City. Invite your friends today and join us to fight hunger! *For more information, click here.
* To make reservations, please call 212-254-1200 or reserve online at OpenTable.
Best wishes from all of us at North Square Restaurant


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Accelerating the pace of engineering and science
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Distribute conditioner evenly fro the scalp to the ends. Wait two minutes, allowing conditioner to penetrate and rinse. for maximum results, shampoo first with Pure Volume Shampoo.


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Got some Plants - Foliage sure Varies
I got some hellebore plants from Pine Knot Farms.
It's interesting how the foliage varies from plant to plant ... check these out:
Yes! These plants all came from the same tray of helleborus x hybridus "Pine Knot Select". Actually I am a bit confused because I thought the "Select" were hand pollinated and yet I was told that these were open pollinated when I got them at PKF. The labels say "Pine Knot Select".
Helleborus hybridus, used to be known as the Orientalis hybrids have a lot of different species blood in them from the breeding done over the last 50 years.
If you get a chance to look at foliage of the species, H. orientalis, H. purpurascens, H. cyclophyllus, H.torquatus, H. odorus, H. multifidus, H. dumertorum and others then you'll see lots of source of leaf shape that merge together to become the H. hybridus that Pine Knot select is a selection of.
I'm surprised they're naming "Select" from open pollinated plants. Seems a bit of a con!
Lots of people in the UK grow the species for the leaf form alone, the fact they have subtle and beautiful flowers is a bonus.
Cheers Greenmanplants.
I wasn't told they were "Select", I was told they were open pollinated, but then I was given some labels to go with the plants and they said "Select". I did not pay the "Select" price. So I am confused ... I don't want to make it sound like PKF told me they were hand pollinated "Select" plants because they did not. I kind of think the guy was just trying to give me some labels and that what he had was "Select" labels.
They seem to be getting a bit too much sun where I planted them. It's under a locust tree but the leaves have dropped already. And it's against the east side of the house so it's sunny for a few hours but then shade all afternoon. I assume they will adapt ... I had a couple hellebores there before and they grew well there.
Ok, Sounds fair enough. If you get a chance follow through on the connection PKF have with Ashwood nurseries in the UK. They have some pretty good Hellebores there.
Your couple of hours sun but shaded from the heat of the day sounds pretty good, especially if you've had hellebores there before. These guys have probably spent most of their lives in a polytunnel of some sort and have never seen direct sun, I would imagine they'll settle down quick enough.
Cheers Greenmanplants.