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A gas discharge display which includes a heater element that is built into the unit. The heater element is co-planar with the cathode electrodes of the display. A single set of parallel conductive pins is used to provide the connections for the anode, cathode and heater element components of the display.
1. In a gas discharge display device having a cathode terminal and an anode terminal separated from each other within a sealed gas chamber formed between two layers of glass, the gas in the chamber including a mixture of inert gas and mercury at sub-atmospheric pressure, the improvement comprising:
heater means on one of said layers of glass positioned proximate to and co-planar with the cathode terminals within the chamber in said display device for selectively maintaining an appropriate temperature within said display device so that mercury is maintained in a gaseous state within said display device;
said heater means including trim portions thereof which may be selectively removed in order to alter the characteristics of said heater means;
insulating means intermediate said two layers of glass and including apertures overlying said trim portions of said heater means and said cathode terminals;
said insulating means electrically insulating said heater means from said cathode terminals and from said anode terminal and operative to facilitate the conduction of heat from said heater means to said gas in said chamber; and
sealing means disposed around the periphery of said display device;
said sealing means arranged to replace the trim portions of said heater means which have been selectively removed in order to prevent electrical interconnection thereof.
2. The gas discharge display device recited in claim 1 further comprising,
a plurality of electrically conductive connectors extending in parallel from one edge of said display device to provide an electrical connection for said cathode terminals, said anode terminal and said heater means.
3. The gas discharge display device recited in claim 1 further comprising,
two layers of glass sealed together to form the gas chamber,
said heater means being located between said layers of glass.
4. The gas discharge display device recited in claim 1 wherein,
said heater means and said cathode terminals are fabricated of the same material.
5. The gas discharge display device recited in claim 1 wherein,
said appropriate temperature is higher than 0� C.
6. The gas discharge device recited in claim 1 wherein,
said insulating means electrically insulates said heater means from said gas in said chamber so that the heater means does not affect the light discharge between said anode and cathode terminals.
7. A gas discharge display device comprising,
a sealed chamber formed between two co-extensive layers of glass and containing a mixture of an inert gas and mercury at a sub-atmospheric pressure;
a cathode terminal formed of a conductive nickel material at one side of said chamber and shaped to provide means for displaying alpha-numeric images;
an anode terminal formed of a transparent layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) located at the opposite side of said chamber from said cathode terminal;
a heater element formed of said conductive nickel material proximate to and co-planar with said cathode terminal within said chamber for maintaining an appropriate internal temperature so that mercury within the chamber is maintained in a gaseous state;
said heater element including at least a plurality of parallel runs which are connected together at multiple locations by selectively severable links;
said heater element comprising a plurality of convolutions which meander around said cathode terminal to selectively supply heat to all portions of said display device;
common insulating means comprising a dielectric layer of glass at least portions of which are opaque overlying said heater element and said cathode terminal for electrically insulating said heater element from said cathode terminal and for electrically insulating said heater element from the gas in said chamber so that said heater element does not affect the light pattern produced between said anode terminal and said cathode terminal;
said common insulating means having apertures therethrough which are aligned with said severable links of said heater element and said cathode terminal;
means for providing an electrical connection to each of said cathode terminal, said anode terminal and said heater element, respectively; and
a plurality of electrically conductive pins extending in parallel, outwardly from one edge of said device.
8. A gas discharge display device comprising,
a sealed chamber formed between two layers of glass containing at least one inert gas and mercury at a sub-atmospheric pressure;
cathode terminal means at one side of said chamber shaped to include means for displaying alpha-numeric images;
anode terminal means located at the other side of said chamber and aligned with said cathode terminal means;
heater element means proximate to and co-planar with said cathode terminal means within said chamber for maintaining an appropriate temperature within said chamber so that mercury within the chamber is maintained in a gaseous state;
heater element links which are adapted to be selectively removed to alter the operating characteristics of said heater element means;
common insulating means overlying said heater element means and said cathode terminal for electrically insulating said heater element means from said cathode terminal and for electrically insulating said heater element means from the gas in said chamber so that said heater element means does not affect the light pattern between said anode terminal and said cathode terminal;
said common insulating means including apertures therethrough which are aligned with said heater element links and said cathode terminal means; and
adhering means for joining together said two layers of glass and adapted to replace any of said heater element links which have been removed to prevent reconnection therebetween by said mercury in the event of a condensation thereof.
9. The gas discharge display device recited in claim 8 including,
means for providing an electrical connection to each of said cathode terminal, said anode terminal and said heater element means.
10. The gas discharge display device recited in claim 9 wherein,
said means for providing an electrical connection comprises a plurality of electrically conductive pins extending in parallel from one edge of said device.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to display devices, in general. In particular, the invention relates to alpha-numeric gas discharge displays which include a built-in-heater so that the display may be used in locations exposed to cold temperatures, for example, in gasoline pumps. More particularly, the heater is co-planar with the cathode electrodes, is easily adjusted for electrical resistance by selectively severing portions of the heater and is protected from inadvertent reconnection of the severed sections of the heater as a result of electrical shorting by condensed mercury, for example.
2. Prior Art
A typical gas discharge display device includes a chamber in which there is sealed an inert gas such as neon argon, or a mixture thereof. Of course, other inert gases can be used as desired. The gas in the chamber is, generally, maintained at sub-atmospheric pressure. Mercury vapor is often included within this chamber to impede ions of the gas from bombarding the cathode electrode while the display device is activated. However, mercury vapor tends to condense at about 0� C. Thus, in applications where the gas discharge display device is cooled to temperatures at or below 0� C., condensed mercury tends to settle onto the cathode electrode, as well as any other electrodes in this plane. The display device usually produces enough heat to maintain the mercury in the vaporized state during normal display operation. However, condensation of the mercury occurs when the display is turned off in a cold environment.
The condensed mercury tends to create a lump on the surface of the cathode electrode. The lump decreases the distance between the anode and cathode electrodes. This decrease in distance causes more current through that "hot spot" and produces a bright spot in the display. Furthermore, the increased current often causes the mercury to splatter throughout the chamber. When the mercury is splattered onto the anode electrode, a black spot can be created in the display.
Furthermore, it is possible for the mercury to solidify on the cathode electrode. A build-up of mercury can cause an arc discharge in the display device rather than the normal glow discharge.
Also, the condensation of mercury dictates that there will be less mercury vapor in the chamber to hinder the ion bombardment of the cathode electrode. The resultant increase in ion bombardment decreases the life span of the cathode electrode, thereby reducing the useful life of the display device.
Last, but not least the condensed mercury can also cause shorting between electrodes in the display device. For example, in some cases a selectively disconnected electrode is undesirably re-connected by the condensed mercury. As a result, certain characteristics of the display device are altered in an unexpected and uncontrolled fashion.
To eliminate these problems when the ambient temperature is below the condensation point of the mercury, it is necessary and/or desirable to heat the gas discharge display device prior to activation.
In the past, one approach has been to include an external heating unit behind (i.e. on the back of) the display device. The external heating unit is normally connected to a separate power source. In cold weather, prior to switching on the gas discharge display device, the heating unit is turned on. However, in order to be efficient, the heating unit must be in intimate contact with the display and insulated from the surrounding environment to minimize heat loss. Also, where the gas discharge display is used in a gasoline pump, exposure to gasoline fumes can be undesirable for the heater unit because of the high temperatures and the possibility of combustion.
In another approach, the heater has been built into the display (see for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,520,290; Cokefair). However, this approach requires a heater element disposed on an inner surface of the display chamber, an insulating layer disposed on the heater element, and a cathode layer disposed on the insulating layer. This approach has severe drawbacks in that at least two additional process steps are required in the production of the display device. The additional process steps also tend to alter the operating characteristics of the heater element which has been tailored for resistance levels prior to the process steps. Consequently, the heater operation is subject to uncontrolled modification. Moreover, because of the extra layer of insulation between the heater element and the cathode electrode layer, problems with cracking frequently occur as a result of the cyclic heating/cooling operations. Also, each successive layer increases the probability of an interelectrode short circuit developing. Likewise, pin-hole defects in the insulating layer are not easily detected when sandwiched between two conductors.
Another prior art device is taught by Person et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,692,655. This device uses a heater element which is printed on the same substrate surface of the display device as the cathode electrodes. The cathodes and the heater element can be printed at the same time. However, the heater element includes a plurality of "rung connectors" in a ladder-like conductor arrangement. Each of these "rung-connectors" includes a small break which can be selectively shorted by the subsequent application of a drop of conductor ink. This permits the selective alteration of the resistance of the heater element.
Unfortunately, this arrangement requires the heater element to be measured and finalized prior to a plurality of additional processing steps in the fabrication of the display device.
These steps include deposition steps, firing steps and the like which tend to alter the characteristics of the heater element after it has been finalized. Thus, the heater element is subject to a number of uncontrollable, unpredictable and irreversible alterations and variations of its operating characteristics. These alterations are of the type experienced with the Cokefair device noted supra.
Other shortcomings of prior art display devices are known to those skilled in the art. These shortcomings need to be overcome in order to produce a useful, efficient gas discharge display device capable of low temperature operation.
A list of patents discovered during a search is provided herewith. The patents are listed in numerical order with no emphasis or special ranking thereof.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,206,638; MEMORY FOR X-Y PLOTTER; Moore. This patent is directed to an X-Y plotting device, and the memory therefor which includes a plurality of electrodes arranged with respect to holes in the surface thereof with resistors connected between certain electrodes and certain apertures.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,749,969; GAS DISCHARGE DISPLAY APPARATUS; Miyashiro et al. This patent is directed to a gas discharge display apparatus of typical configuration with certain additional attributes to enhance the operation thereof.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,080,545; SODIUM VAPOR LAMP WITH EMISSION APERTURE; Gallo. This invention is directed to a sodium vapor lamp which includes a discharge tube which is heated at the aperture through which light emission is desired by means of ohmic heating of a conductive film such as tin oxide or fine wires.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,156,164; DISPLAY DEVICE USING HOT CATHODE GAS DISCHARGE; Yamagami et al. This patent is directed to a D.C. gas discharge display device which includes hot cathodes which are part of a thermal electron generating space in the display.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,500,878; THERMO ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED ELECTROCHROMATIC VISUALIZATION DEVICE; Hareng et al. This patent is directed to an electrically controlled display or visualization device specifically using an electrochromatic material placed between first and second electrodes and including the concept of passing an electric heating current through one of said electrodes.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,520,290; GAS DISCHARGE DISPLAY WITH BUILT-IN HEATER; Cokefair. This patent is directed to a gas discharge display which includes a heater which is built into the unit and has a single set of parallel conductive pins for providing connections to the cathode, anode and heater strip of the display unit. An insulator layer is disposed between the heater strip and the cathode layer.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,692,655; PLASMA DISPLAY HAVING HEATER AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME; Person et al. This patent is directed to a gas discharge display device which includes a resistance heater element on an inner surface of one substrate of the display device. The heater element is altered by additive operations.
Japanese Patent No. 54-119897; LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY UNIT; Nippon Denso et al. This patent is directed to a liquid crystal display which utilizes the heating of the unit by detecting the delay in the response time caused at low temperatures. A separate heating panel is used with the device.
Japanese Patent No. 54-122238; WARMING TYPE DISPLAY DEVICE; Nippon Denso. This invention is directed to a liquid crystal display device which includes a heating element therein to provide for cold weather operation. In particular, the reflecting plate of the LCD body serves as a heating element when the liquid crystal material does not operate normally.
Russian Patent No. 0849288; DISPLAY DEVICE; Morozov et al. This invention is directed to a non-volatile data display device which uses heaters on the side walls and switching plates with protrusions for providing mechanical indication. In particular, the original form of the segments is restored by actuating the heaters through push button springs.
This invention is directed to a gas discharge display unit with a built-in heater element. A sealed gas chamber is formed between two layers of glass. The anode and cathode terminals are disposed on opposite sides of the chamber. A heater element is located between the glass layers and is co-planar with the cathode terminal on one of the glass layers. The heater element is electrically insulated from the anode and cathode electrodes, as well as the other components of the display unit. External electrical connections are provided to the electrodes and to the heater element.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrically conductive connectors for the electrodes and the heater strips are arranged in parallel along one edge of the display unit. This provides the advantage of easy connection to a power source for the control of the display and the heater element. Because of the proximity of the heater element to the cathode terminal, the heating of the cathode terminal and the gas chamber is more efficient than if the heater element is external to the unit.
A significant advantage of this invention is the economy obtained in fabricating a display device wherein the heater element and the cathode terminal are created at the same time, in the same fabrication step, using the same materials and the same mask, and requiring only one layer. The use of a single mask has the added advantage of reducing registration problems, thickness of the display and the like. A dielectric layer is placed over and between the heater element and the cathode terminals. Openings are provided in the dielectric layer at the individual cathode terminal segments and at specific locations over the heater element. Thus, the heater can be tested and accurately trimmed to form an accurate heater resistance which is not subject to subsequent process induced alterations. A sealing material is disposed around the perephey of the substrates and at the aperatures over the heater elements to provide an electrically insulating seal member.
Consequently, it is an object of this present invention to provide a gas discharge display device with a built-in heater with greater reliability, greater accuracy easier production and the like. Moreover, since the heater is within the display unit, the resulting product is more economical, more efficient and easier to connect to a power source.
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a gas discharge display device of the present invention with a built-in heater which is co-planar with the cathode and includes an apertured dielectric layer.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the gas discharge display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the cathode electrode and heater element pattern formed on one glass plate of the gas discharge display device partially covered by the apertured dielectric layer and a sealant as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Referring now to the FIGS. 1 through 3, the present invention comprises a gas discharge display device 10 with a heater element therein. The display 10 is of, generally, conventional design and includes two layers of glass 24 and 26 which are sealed together by a suitable adhesive 22 to form a hermetically sealed gas chamber 28. Typically, the sealant comprises a perimeter strip 22 formed of glass frit or the like. The heater element 20 is disposed on the inside face of the of glass layer 24 concurrent with the cathode layer 34. The cathode layer 34 comprises a plurality of individual segments arranged in a predetermined pattern. Typically, these materials may be screened onto glass plate 24 in a conventional manner. A dielectric layer 30 is provided to fill the spaces between the heater element 20 and the cathode layer 34 and electrically insulates the heater element 20 from the cathode layer 34. Thus, the dielectric layer 30 prevents any interference between the heater element 20 and any part of the cathode layer 34.
The dielectric layer 30 also includes appropriate openings 334 which are located immediately above the segments of the cathode layer 34. In addition, dielectric layer 30 includes a plurality of trim openings 43. The trim openings 43 are disposed above trim portions 20A of the heater element 20 and are, generally, adjacent to the perimeter of the display device 10.
Opposing the cathode layer 34, and within the chamber 28, is an anode layer 36 which is disposed on the inside face of glass layer 26 in a conventional manner. The anode layer 36 is comprised of a plurality of relatively large electrodes, each of which is arranged with respect to a plurality of segments of the cathode layer 34. Thus, a single electrode of the anode layer 36 is associated with a plurality of segments of the cathode layer 34.
A series of electrically conductive contacts 40 are screen printed along one edge of the display unit. The contacts 40 are connected to the cathode segments 34, the anode electrodes 36 and the heater element 20, respectively. The contacts 40 are connected to terminals 42 which are adapted to plug into an electronic controller apparatus (not shown) for controlling the various electrodes and the heater element.
The cathode layer 34 causes the display device to produce alpha-numeric images by selectively activating one or more of the cathode segments in accordance with a conventional control code signal applied to the terminals 42. In FIG. 1, the cathode layer has seven separate segments arranged in the shape of a figure 8. This cathode configuration can form any of the numerical digits 0 through 9. Other configurations of elements may be used so that the alphabet or other characters may be displayed on the unit.
Although co-planar therewith, the heater element 20 is spatially separated from the segments of cathode layer 34. In a preferred embodiment, heater element 20 is also separated from the segments of cathode layer 34 by the interstitial dielectric layer 30. The resulting proximity of the heater element 20 to the cathode layer permits efficient heating for the cathode layer 34, as well as for the chamber 28.
In a typical fashion, the manufacture of a gas discharge display of the present invention begins with the careful preparation of the glass layers. Typically, the glass layers are made from ordinary soda lime window glass. A small hole 242 is drilled or otherwise made through the first layer of glass 24 which is, generally, referred to as the substrate. The hole 242 will be used subsequently in the manufacturing process to provide access to the sealed chamber 28.
Layers of conductive and insulating material are screened, printed or otherwise disposed on the respective layers of glass. In this invention, the heater element 20 and the cathode terminal layer 34 are screen printed onto the first layer of glass 24 concurrently. Preferably, an electrically conductive nickel material is used in this operation. (Frequently, this type of material is not conductive until "fired" at a prescribed temperature.) The heater element 20 is formed on the substrate 24 adjacent to and interspersed with the segments of cathode layer 34 such that most of the heat generated by the heater element 34 will substantially surround and engulf the cathode layer segments.
The heater element 20 includes at least a portion thereof which extends to the edge of the display unit for making electrical contact with the terminals 42. The cathode layer 34 is laid out in a configuration which permits production of the desired display. Each segment of the cathode layer 34 is connected by a line of conductive material to the edge of the glass layer for connection to one of the electrically conductive contacts 40. The screened-on material of heater element 20 and cathode layer 34 is permitted to dry but is not yet fired.
A dielectric layer 30 for electrically insulating the heater element 20 from the cathode terminal 34 and, as well, from the other portions of the display, is placed over the heater element 20 and the cathode layer 34, for example, by screening. Of course, the layer 30 includes openings 334 and 43 which overlie the cathode segments 34 and portions of heater element 20, respectively. Typically, electrically insulating glass is used as the material dielectric for dielectric layer 30. The insulating material is preferrably opaque, e.g. glass dyed black, in order to avoid disruption of the visual display by stray light or the like.
The dielectric layer 30 is, typically, screened onto the glass 24 and allowed to dry in place in accordance with a suitable temperature profile. However, this dielectric layer 30 is not fired. Thus, the device 10 is not subjected to a high characteristic altering temperature.
The anode layer 36 is deposited onto the second layer of glass 26, which is, generally, referred to as the faceplate. The anode layer 36 is transparent so that the glow of the gaseous medium which is activated by the selective energizing of the segments of cathode layer 34 may be seen therethrough. Typically, a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) is used for the anode layer 36. The anode layer also has at least one portion which extends to the edge of the display for making connection with one or more of the contacts 40. Thus, the connections for the heater element 20, cathode layer 34 and anode layer 36 are all disposed, preferably, along the same edge of the display device although other arrangements are contemplated.
In a conventional arrangement, a pellet 44 containing mercury is placed within a bell-shaped glass tubulation 46. The tube 46 is cemented over the hole 42 in the glass layer 24. Typically, glass frit is used as the adhesive material. The mercury is released into the chamber 28 later in the fabrication process. Alternative methods or techniques can be used for supplying the mercury.
The two layers of glass 24 and 26 (i.e., substrate and faceplate respectively) are sealed together around the edge of the display. Solder glass (or glass frit) is used to form the seal 22. Small beads or pillars of glass can be disposed around the chamber to maintain a separation of about 0.02 inch between the layers of glass. At a minimum, these pillars are formed in the openings 43 in dielectric layer 30. As seen in FIG. 2, the seal 22 substantially surrounds the terminals 42 to complete a hermetic chamber seal. The seal 22 can be a single layer of frit screened onto substrate 24 alone or in conjunction with a layer of frit screened onto faceplate 24.
By placing frit through openings 43, the heater element links 20A are covered by frit. Thus, any links which have been severed, as discussed infra, have frit inserted between the disconnected ends. This arrangement insulates the conductor ends and prevents inadvertent shorting therebetween by arcing or by condensed mercury in the display. Moreover, a single firing simultaneously seals the display device and "sets" the heater element resistance in accordance with prior testing.
A vacuum source is connected to the chamber 28 between the layers of glass via suitable tubulation 46 and hole 242. The pressure within the chamber 28 is reduced to about 10-6 atmospheres. Gas at about 0.4 atmosphere is then injected into the chamber through the tubulation 46. Typically, the composition of the gas is 99.5% neon and 0.5% argon. The tubulation 46 is sealed to prevent the contents of the chamber 28 from escaping. The mercury in pellet 44 is then released into the sealed chamber 28, for example, by applying a laser beam, RF radiation or the like.
Electrically conductive terminals 42, of suitable material, are attached to the terminal connections 40 for the cathode layer 34, anode layer 36 and heater element 20 in any suitable fashion thereby completing the manufacture of the unit. One type of connection is described in the co-pending application bearing Ser. No. 938,428, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,763,223, entitled NON-SOLDERED LEAD APPARATUS AND METHOD THEREFOR by Sang Tang, and assigned to the common Assignee.
Moreover, as suggested in FIG. 2, an additional sealing strip 22A can be provided in order to define a sub-chamber 289A which is also hermetically sealed. In this case, all of the trim links 20A can be disposed in the subchamber 28A for ease in accessibility for the trimming or severing operation. Of course, the sub-chamber 28A can be placed on any of the four edges or sides of the display device 10.
As seen best in FIG. 3, the heater element 20 comprises a generally serpentine path configuration which is disposed around the several portions of layer which includes the the cathode terminal 34. In particular, the heater element 20 includes a number of parallel legs or runs interposed between the banks or rows of the segment groups of cathode layer 34. These parallel runs are also interconnected by at least one common connector line. The common connector line is arranged to have the opposite ends 42 thereof available at the the edge of the display for receiving electrical power to energize the heater element.
In addition, it is seen that several of the parallel runs are connected together at the ends thereof by short links 20A. This configuration, including the links 20A, is the pattern which is originally placed on the substrate 24 along with the cathode terminal layer 34 pattern. Moreover, the links 20A are disposed generally adjacent to the perimeter of the unit and beneath the openings 43 in the dry dielectric layer 30. Thus, the links 20A are readily accessible for severing through the openings 43, if so desired.
By selectively breaking the links 20A, by etching, scraping, laser cutting or the like, through the openings 43 the effective length of the heater element 20 can be altered. Thus, the effective resistance of the heater element 20 can be selectively controlled. That is, by permitting a pair of parallel runs to remain connected together, the heater element resistance is effectively reduced between the ends thereof. On the other hand, by selectively breaking a link 20A (otherwise referred to as "trimming"), the effective length of the heater element 20 (and the resistance thereof) is effectively increased. Also, the actual resistance of the heater element 20 can be accurately measured and adjusted.
Moreover, the sealant 22 is applied through the openings 43 and the space between the severed ends of the heater element. This prevents the inadvertent re-connection thereof by, inter alia, condensed mercury or the like.
By using this technique, it is somewhat easier to select the composition of the material to be used in the concurrently applied cathode layer 34 and the heater element 20. That is, a suitable composition of nickel material with a binder (or more generally, a composite of metallic and non-metallic materials) can be selected. The ratio of these materials is significant in controlling the resistivity of the material (and, thus, the resistance of the heater element 20). Of course, so long as the material is electrically conductive, the cathode layer 34 will operate in conjunction with the anode layer 36 so as to produce an electric field therebetween and across the display device chamber 28.
Thus, after the resistivity characteristics of the material have been determined, the configuration of the heater element 20 in terms of convolutions, thickness, width, length and the like are determined. Of course, the relationships can be determined in the reverse order. That is, the particular display configuration may constrain the number or length of heater element runs. In this case, the resistivity parameters may be determinative. In either event, the actual resistance can be accurately monitored in the assembled device because of the absence of multiple firings of the display device during manufacture.
Very importantly relative to the prior art, no additions to the heater element are required. Thus, no additional firings of the heater element materials are required. In other words, once the heater element is fired and the operating characteristics established, this invention merely contemplates removal of unnecessary material which does not alter the characteristics of the remaining materials, per se, which can occur as a result of multi-firings necessary to first render the heater element conductive and then render the additive portion conductive. Moreover, instant feedback on the resistance of the heater element is obtainable.
In operating the gas discharge display, it is desirable that a warm-up period precede the start up of the display in a cold environment. To ensure proper heating, a thermostat control (not shown) can be used in conjunction with the heater element. A thermostat sensor may be placed in or on or near the display unit 10 to provide temperature information to the electronic control.
Of course, it should be understood that various changes and modifications to the preferred embodiment described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, a variety of configurations for the heater element and the cathode display terminal are possible. However, these and other changes which fall within the purview of this description are intended to be included therein as well. The scope of the invention is not to be limited by this description but, rather, only by the scope of the claims appended hereto.
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466 Foxon Boulevard
Quinnipiac, New Haven, 06513
Commute to Downtown New Haven
Some errands can be accomplished on foot.
Score Details
466 Foxon Boulevard has a Walk Score of 52 out of 100. This location is Somewhat Walkable so some errands can be accomplished on foot.
This location is in the Quinnipiac neighborhood in New Haven. Nearby parks include Chatham Square, Clinton Park and Quinnipiac River Historic District.
Nearby schools include St Francis & St Rose Of Lima School, St Francis School and Amistad Academy.
The closest grocery stores are Ayometla Grocery, Napo Supermarket and Maria Grocery.
Nearby coffee shops include Dunkin' Donuts, Grand Cafe and Quinnipiac River Marina. Nearby restaurants include Wok Number One, Iguana Burritos Restaurant and Rokas Restaurant & Ice Cream.
466 Foxon Boulevard is near Chatham Square, East Rock Park-Blake Field and Mechanic St Triangle Dog Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 466 Foxon Boulevard.
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466 Foxon Boulevard is in the Quinnipiac neighborhood. Quinnipiac is the 18th most walkable neighborhood in New Haven with a neighborhood Walk Score of 40.

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Allana Parker, Secretariat: Joint Epilepsy Council of the UK and Ireland 48 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 1JL Tel: 0141 419 1701 Fax: 0141 419 1709 Email: email@example.com Note of Meeting – Cross-Party Group on Epilepsy, 29 April 2010 In Attendance: Declan Ahern, Epilepsy Specialist Nurse Sheena Bevan, Epilepsy Specialist Nurse Elaine Bradley, Quarriers Mark Cooper, Capability Scotland Alison Culpan, Glaxo Smith Kline Olive Drane, Observer George Foulkes MSP Donald McIntosh, Epilepsy Nurse Specialist Eileen McCubbin, Epilepsy Specialist Nurse Ailsa McLellan, Lead Clinician Margaret MacSween, Paediatric Epilepsy Specialist Nurse Shirley Maxwell, Epilepsy Connections Hilary Mounfield, Scottish Epilepsy Centre Mary Mulligan MSP Sheila Murdoch, Observer Fiona Nicholson, Quarriers Angela Norman, Epilepsy Specialist Nurse Frazer Ramsay, Observer Katherine Ramsay, Observer Derek Robertson, Epilepsy Liaison Nurse Karyn Robertson, Paediatric Network Manager Shona Robison, MSP Kate Sanford, Quarriers Anne Schenk, Observer Chris Schenk, Observer Kerry Shearer, Epilepsy Scotland Dr Jane Stuart, NHS Lothian Moira Smith, Observer Sam Whitmore, Epilepsy Connections Anissa Tonberg, Epilepsy Scotland Sandy Wotherspoon, Observer Emily Wotherspoon, Observer Lesslie Young, Epilepsy Scotland Ian Young, Observer Apologies: Claire Baker MSP Robert Brown MSP Marilyn Bryce, Epilepsy Scotland Board Lesley Coyne, Matthew's Friends Marea Foulis, Highland Council Jamie Hepburn MSP Cathy Jamieson MSP Linda Keene, Epilepsy Specialist Nurse John Farquhar Munro MSP Des McNulty MSP Cathy Peattie MSP John Scott MSP Jennifer Simpson, Janssen-Cilag Allana Parker, Epilepsy Scotland Sharon Wood, JEC 1. Co-convener Mary Mulligan MSP welcomed everyone and noted that the good attendance reflects the quality of our speakers. The recent updates then followed • Parliamentary questions lodged by Jackie Baillie MSP, Ross Finnie MSP and Alison McInnes MSP since the last CPG AGM were reviewed. • Letters regarding the Social Work Section 23 Assessments (Children Scotland Act) and epilepsy have been sent to the Minister of Education and Lifelong Learning, the Director of COSLA and the Association of Directors of Social Work. • Professor Brian Neville's proposed Code of Practice for Children with Epilepsy was distributed and any comments are to be directed to the CPG secretariat. • Mary Mulligan then introduced speaker Margaret MacSween from NHS Highland. 2. Margaret MacSween made an apology on behalf of Marea Foulis, Highland Transition Co- ordinator. The presentation for NHS Transition Epilepsy Pathway for Young People in Transition from Children's Services into Adult Services was outlined. The presentation highlighted how the pathway came together; it initially began as a steering group and from this the pathway was developed. Margaret explained that one template did not fit all and that the pathway itself should be implemented as a working tool. The four individual pathways that are used were explored in depth. The main resource used for all pathways is communication. A multidisciplinary approach is used and Transition Clinics involve the families of the people with epilepsy. 3. Mary Mulligan MSP thanked Margaret MacSween for her presentation and the moved onto AGM business. • Mary thanked everyone for attending once again, and asked everyone to look over the co- convener's report and the treasurer's report. • Mary recorded thanks to the JEC for funding the CPG. • Mary then proposed to ask Epilepsy Scotland to continue the secretariat for the CPG, George Foulkes MSP seconded the proposal. • Mary spoke about nominations for office bearers. Mary nominated herself as co-convenor, along with Alasdair Allan. John Farquar Munro was nominated as treasurer, and Nannette Milne was nominated as secretary. There where no further nominations. • There was no other AGM business 4. Mary then opened for questions and discussion about Margaret MacSween's presentation. Kate Sanford from Quarriers asked how the pathways mentioned, integrated into further education, employment, housing – how do these elements join together? Margaret replied that the process mentioned in the presentation is linked into an adult social work process. Margaret acknowledged that there are additional challenges but the pathway is dealing with a whole new set of people which brings about new challenges. This transition pathway is part of some wider transition work between the Highland Council and the Health Board. Will Scott, from the Scottish Government Health Directorate, asked how easily corresponding organisations could implement this. Margaret stated that implementing this transition pathway into other organisations would be a challenge but not impossible. Dr Jane Stuart of NHS Lothian asked for more information about the four different pathways. Margaret went into detail about the pathways. For example, the first pathway is for people with well controlled epilepsy and learning difficulties, and the third pathway is for people with difficult to manage epilepsy and special, complex health needs. She noted that GPs were asked to attend the transition groups. Dr Stuart also asked about speech and language issues. Margaret replied that there was not speech and language therapy integrated into transition meetings but it was included in child health plans. Elaine Bradley from Quarriers asked if this would be rolled into the transition meetings but Margaret suggested that this may be difficult in adult epilepsy support groups. Epilepsy Learning Disability Specialist Nurse, Donald Mackintosh commented that neurology services is fairly new for epilepsy and learning difficulties and that often you are better served as patient if you have both rather than epilepsy alone. Hilary Mounfield from the Scottish Epilepsy Centre asked if challenging behaviour was recognised on the pathways and Margaret explained that it wasn't as yet, but she would take that to the next re-evaluation. Donald Mackintosh enquired about the video clinics that he has been involved in, and whether this was something that would be used. Various attendees voiced that this service had been used by older patients but not as much for those in the transition age group. 5. Mary introduced the Minister for Public Health, Shona Robison MSP. Shona Robison MSP thanked the attendees for inviting her to the CPG on epilepsy, and updated the group on epilepsy care. The Scottish Government understands the condition is complex, recognises that it affects 40,000 people in Scotland and that diagnosis also affects family and care providers. She explained that NHS QIS is writing to the health boards about how the new clinical standards for neurology should be implemented in service providers for people with epilepsy. In order to achieve better health, better care is needed along with the support of a care network, managed clinical networks and the voluntary sector. She outlined plans to expand the 'hearty voices' program, which has already up and running concerning stroke and diabetes, into neurology and commented that MCN's will help build on work such as that already done by Epilepsy Scotland concerning the need for early diagnosis and more epilepsy specialist nurses. The Government is aware of the Joint Epilepsy Council (JEC) recommendations for more epilepsy specialist nurses, since their role is essential in providing high quality information and support. Building on Epilepsy Scotland's excellent information work, the Government is supportive of their information leaflets being made available in doctor's surgeries and clinics. Will Scott (SGHD) added that since long term conditions affect young people too, guidance has been issued to Health Boards and consideration may be give to appointing individuals to be specifically responsible for such transition services. Mary invited Sheena Bevan (Epilepsy Specialist Nurse – Grampian) to ask her prepared question, Sheena noted that she was asking the question on behalf of fellow epilepsy specialist nurses. The question was; Evidence shows the development of specialist nurses has improved the quality of life of patients living with chronic conditions. Specialist nurses throughout the UK have helped to reduce waiting times, reduce hospital admissions and improve patient outcome. Patients highlight a high level of satisfaction in relation to the care they receive from specialist nurses. In the present financial crisis in some areas of the UK including Scotland withdrawing specialist nurses posts and reducing hours of existing specialist nurses is seen as a way of saving money. At a time when Epilepsy Scotland worked tirelessly to increase the numbers of epilepsy specialist nurses what are the views of the MSPs present today regarding the withdrawal of specialist nurses posts and the reducing of specialist nurses hours due to financial cutback and the needs for Health Boards to save money? Shona Robison MSP replied that there was a debate to be had about this. Her view is that demands on the NHS are increasing, but investment must go to those who need it most and into using resources more effectively. She stated that investment in epilepsy specialist nurses is a good investment, and she will be having a discussion on the matter with the various Health Boards. She also recognises that the demands upon services are huge and this demand will continue to grow. Shona said she would like to gather more information about this, and that the Health Boards need to show the Government how they are going to implement these cuts. MCN will give out the message of this outcome, we shouldn't say that all cuts will fall at epilepsy specialist nurses. Angela Norman (Epilepsy Specialist Nurse – Dundee) pointed out the differences in support for specialist nurses between epilepsy and dementia and explained that as dementia prevalence continues to increase, so too will epilepsy. Shona Robison MSP acknowledged there was strong support for dementia, a clear pathway, early diagnosis and significant dementia funding. She explained that post diagnostic support is key, high impact funding would pick up the epilepsy overlap. 7. Mary Mulligan MSP thanked the Minister for her time and asked her to take away these questions. Shona Robison MSP replied that she will write back to Mary with her response. 8. Opportunities for parliamentary work: • National Epilepsy Week runs from 13-19 June this year. • Wednesday 16 June Epilepsy Scotland parliamentary reception in garden lobby • Thursday 17 June MSP Photocall • Propose a members question about under 25's 7. Date of next meetings are Thursday 30 September 2010, Thursday 25 November 2010 and Thursday 27 January 2011.
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Flat or Satin for exterior brick walls next to shingles?
They're not real brick, they're brick-shaped cinder block (and ugly!) We're painting them a putty/greige color using Ben Moore Aura exterior. The Ben Moore folks give conflicting advice on sheen: flat so as not to accentuate surface texture OR satin so "dirt won't stick as easily". What would you choose?
FWIW Half the house is shingled in cabot oil dipped white cedar shingles like this:
Satin, satin, satin.
Flat should NEVER be used exterior. Just because many people do, doesn't make it right.
In order for surface texture and imperfections to be seen they have to be at a level and angle that is easy to see. You kinda have to go out of your way to look at the area on the exterior you're talking about. You see it of course, but not like it's an expanse of 100% exposed wall.
Still necessary to do good prep. I've painted that area on my homes a couple times now. Make sure it's clean and knock off any mortar boogers with a 5 in 1 or something like that. Clean, bone dry and smooth as is reasonable for block.
It is hard work, but you are SO going to love how this detail *finishes* the whole look.
Thanks! I was leaning towards satin as well. Just to be clear, though, this isn't just lower foundation walls, the house has full one-story high walls that are this concrete block "brick". Half the house is this 1950's masonry, the rest (an addition plus the gables) is shingled... Excellent prep has been done, pressure washing, caulking, and priming with SW Loxon Concrete Primer.


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Wir haben noch vom 14. Juni - 16. Juni Betten frei!
We have beds available from 14th to 16th of June!
a good sleep
Simply need a hostel bed in one of our shared rooms? Or a comfortable single room? A night incl. breakfast and linen starts at 19,50 € »
professional meetings
No matter if you need a small room like our Skyline Deck with a beautiful view or space for 400 people - you have the choice! »
yummy food
If snacks in the cafeteria or buffets for up to 300 persons: We offer more than just breakfast, lunch and dinner. »
exciting programms
Just a visit to one of the many museums? Or a complete 5-day program? Let us organize your personal Frankfurt adventure! »


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Senior Member
I've mained top and mid since I started playing this game, so I know how to accurately play both lanes at a competitive level. I'm 20 and live on the east coast, I have a working mic along with skype/ts3/vent. Available whenever since I work from home.
Mila Kunis
not sure what ur hours/elo is but here ya go : )
© 2015 Riot Games, Inc. All rights reserved. Riot Games, League of Legends and PvP.net are trademarks, services marks, or registered trademarks of Riot Games, Inc.


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⬅ Return to FOIA Documents Show FBI Was Watching Occupy Protestors, Some Docs Still Secret on National Security Grounds
Sep 14th, 2012 at 1:13pm
I think that until any particular activist group proves itself not a clear and present danger, the FBI should be aware and watching. Occupy has had some problems keeping some extremists in line. As a occupier in Chicago, I saw criminal acts committed by people who called themselves anarchsts. I won't pretend to say one way or the other who they were. I will say that the occupy people represent some of the finest that I have met in my life.
The idea of them only having 37 pages is ludicrous and they would be falling down on the job if that were even remotely accurate. I was watched in the 60's and left alone when I presented no danger. The FBI also watches the right wii nuts as well. Many of them are violent in nature and I appreciate the idea of someone keeping an eye on them.
It is imperative that we continue to be involved in the legistative process and strive to move the country toward a more ethcal space. This cannot be achieved if we see it as a matter of us and them, we have to work together, striving to find the commonalities.
Sep 14th, 2012 at 4:39pm
pelican bay discrimination
they just locked us down for something that supposaly took place in other prison but they only locked up us Mexicans and we can't do anything from this wall so please people from Aclu help we are being targets of race discrimination here at pelican bay state prison we are on state of emergency lockdown but yet all other races are going to yard recieving packages why we don't have nothing coming.. they the prison staff don't even let us know what we have coming never plan of action It has been since September 5-12 and yet they haven't properly inform us we are being targeted cause of our race this kind of discrimination has been going on for months any other race does something and they program same day or next day us nothing I haven even got my package for months please help us.
Sep 15th, 2012 at 10:47pm
Wish there would be more over site of corruption and constitutional violations in our community governments. Rather then spy on citizens exercising their Constitutional Rights and Liberties.
Sep 17th, 2012 at 4:57pm
The problem with the ACLU is we tell them what is going on, but they won't help us. They have never helped even one of us. They don't need the documents, they know what is going on, because thousands of people whose lives are being destroyed by "intelligence" have told them everything about it. It's worse than anything people would ever believe, it's beyond Orwellian. Read about Cointelpro, CIA dirty tricks, how it is legal for them to test directed energy weapons on people who are under investigation!!! They moved a DOD radiation scientist across from me, and he was freaking hitting me with a gamma ray gun, and he admitted doing it! We don't have anyone who will stand up for us, certainly not the ACLU!
Sep 19th, 2012 at 10:06am
the FBI has become a domestic intelligence organization. that is, their sole purpose is now to spy on american citizens.
Oct 14th, 2012 at 3:33pm
Ah yes, Hoover lives.
Jan 21st, 2013 at 11:56pm
Ivan Greenberg has authored two major works on the FBI spying on Americans with "Surveillance in America" and "Dangers of Dissent."
I heard a talk by him where he claimed that the FBI had destroyed 250 million documents.
The books for some reason are very expensive which is very unfortunate.
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In the Blawg Directory:
Explore the ABA Journal:
"Fertile Ground is a blog dealing with legal issues facing livestock producers, crop farmers, and agribusinesses in the Midwest."
Author: Todd J. Janzen is a partner at the law firm of Plews Shadley Racher in Indianapolis.
Related Categories: Animal Law | Environmental Law | Legislation & Lobbying | Partner


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Headlands Center for the Arts Field Session: Weaving Baskets & Stories, March 22 2 - 5 PM Register Now!
Headlands Center for the Arts Spring Open House Sunday April 19th - Open Studio New Sculptures, Sound, Drawings.
Oberpfälzer Künstlerhaus Germany Artist Residency Summer 2015
"PASSING THROUGH" Exhibition of occupy-able sculptures, University of San Francisco, February-December, 2015
University of California, Berkeley, LASER lecture/performance: A World Without Nature, October, 2015


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Was £22.00
Now £11.00
Now £6.60
70% Off
Save a total of £15.40
Out of stock
Bathtime Boat
Item No.1710109424
Ahoy there maties! Join Peppa and George on their Grandpa's boat and sail the high seas. Comes with removeable exclusive dressed Peppa, George and Grandpa figures. Includes a set of bath crayons for extra play. Specially designed to float in water for great bathtime fun!!
This item is available for
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- Age: 3+
- Bathtime Boat & Crayons
- No assembly required
- HWD: 22 x 34.5 x 17cm
- Exclusively available online


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Tall dark and handsome. A ladies man, great in the sack, can make almost any woman think she's in love with him with his smile and his charm. Has many attractive qualities. Self-indulgent wiener, at one time or another probably drove a fast car, such as a Nova or a Mustang. Can be manipulative and self-centered. Watch out for the green eyed ones, they can have a problem being faithful and tend to have a small package.
Mary: Jeremy rocked my world last night!
Sue: What!?! He rocked my world 2 nights ago!
Sue: What!?! He rocked my world 2 nights ago!
by CharlieRose February 03, 2010
62 more definitions
Top Definition
A named based on the biblical name Jeremiah. Used as a name for children who are blessed with a large brain and/or penis. Also used as a replacement for "perfect".
We had a child and it had a very large penis so we named it Jeremy.
by Trenton Romulox December 02, 2006
A guy who is smart and has a big penis
Dang, I wish I was like that Jeremy over there.
by Jammer512 March 30, 2008
One sexy hunk of man.
Jerbear, I'll love you forever ♥
Jerbear, I'll love you forever ♥
"Jeremy's mine, bitch. Back off!" :)
by 00RAWR August 09, 2009
1. outright sarcastic but very friendly
2. softhearted
3. compassionate
4. lovable
5. talented in music and arts
2. softhearted
3. compassionate
4. lovable
5. talented in music and arts
Jeremy's humor is sarcastic but you can count on him in helping the poor and the needy.
by loli pop February 02, 2010
also named "mr perfect" he is the sweetest nicest guy ever and he is drop dead gorgeous and sexy and has a very large penis hes great in bed and loves to be rough but at the same time dominated hes an all around amazing guy and the best at baseball and is my boobear<33
"damnnn i wish he was more like jeremy"
by rssprincess January 04, 2010
4 buckets of pure awesome rolled up into a tasty bite sized homunculus. Looks good in drag. When he opens his mouth, pure clever spews out and penetrates all those who dare oppose him. He is the master of the universe.
Other names: Angryman, Flamenco Moronco, Priscilla Antoinette, Harold, Germathon, Spice Rack, Waffle Time.
Other names: Angryman, Flamenco Moronco, Priscilla Antoinette, Harold, Germathon, Spice Rack, Waffle Time.
Jeremy got locked in the cupboard. Hours later we heard "Iiiit's waffle time it's waffle time won't you have some waffles of mine??" eminating from said cupboard.
by Poopload September 06, 2008


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Will you be getting more of these in stock? I really want them but I need 4 stools and you only have one set of 2 available.
Fix great in area. Makes table look good...
Dine in style with these contemporary counter height chairs. This lovely set of chairs features a walnut inlay and an attractive amber finish. They are also constructed of sturdy Asian hardwood and covered in faux leather for stability and comfort.
- Details
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ITEM#: 12656047Delight in contemporary dining room furniture with these fabulous Watson Counter-height chairs. These chairs features an oak veneer with walnut inlay and a distressed amber finish.
- The chairs have 80-percent polyurethane foam/20-percent polyester covers with comfortable brown faux leather seats
- They are constructed of solid Asian hardwood
- Each chair measures 21 inches long x 19 inches wide x 42 inches high
- Seat height: 24 inches
Assembly required.
|Faux Leather Leather Oak Veneer Wood
|Oak Walnut Wood
|Set Size
|Set of 2
|Assembly Required
|Furniture Frame Material
|Furniture Pattern
|21L X 19W x 42H
|Manufacturer Warranty
|30 day Distributor
|solid asian rubberwood with polyurethane form & faux leather seat
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could have been great
String heavy constructon, but bottom rails are misaligned. Since the holes are pre-drilled there's not much you can do to correct it.Read More
Fix great in area. Makes table look goodRead More
These chairs are beautiful ...love themRead More
These chairs are awesome and they look very stylish. I hate I was only able to buy 2. I need two more. I will buy again. Thanks Overstock.Read More
Much more sturdy and solid than similar chairs/table that ive bought from here before... Easier assembly as well.Read More
Very sturdy and stylish too
We've had these stools for about 4 months now and they are great! They have stood up to the tough handling and usage of two young boys and still look great. I love that they are easy to clean and hard to break. Assembly took my husband about 30 minutes for the two and wasn't hard.Read More
Love them!!
We love these chairs. They were a great price and look great also. Very sturdy and look great at our island. I wouldn't hesitate to recommend to a friend.Read More
Questions & Answers
Hello Zach, items are restocked as they become available; however, we cannot guarantee an item will be restocked. Thank you for shopping with us.
I want to find a matching table like pictured where can I find it?
Hello JNel, unfortunately the table is not available at this time. I am not sure where you could find it. We apologize for any inconvenience we might have caused. Please let us know if you have any further questions.
Why did you choose this product?
the style and mostly the price was great for a set of 2.
I needed counter stool and I like these
Well the product is somewhat of what I'm looking for and the price is perfect. I've been trying to save for chairs and finding the right time to purchase them for a while. This fits my budget, now I just hope it can stand up to my rambunctious kids.
What is the weight of each stool? Our dog keeps knocking our current ones over, so we are looking for something heavier.
Hello textilechic, these stools weigh approximately 25 pounds each. Thank you for shopping with us!
The color of the seat is described as "Brown, Orange". What does that mean? I certainly don't want orange.
The color orange is incorrect and we are trying to fix that. We do not offer a orange color option for these stools.
They are a dark brown. No orange
I would ask about this product if i need the table with 4 chairs how match will be the cost.
Thank you for your interest. This item is for two chairs and does not contain the table. If you would like to order a set with a table, please refer to item number 12656045.
What is the weight capacity?
The weight limit on each chair is 200 lbs
What is the height from the ground to he seat of the chair? Also is the height of the chair that is given from the back of chair?
Yes, the 42-inch height reflects the measurement from the ground to the top of the chair back. The seat height is 24 inches.
What buffet is in the background?? I like the table- not w/out the server though
Unfortunately, the buffet pictured with this item has been discontinued and isn''t available.
Shopping Guides
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Before you purchase a generic bar glass set, you should know the many different shapes and sizes that bar glasses come in, plus the traditional uses for each kind. This type of knowledge will surely impress your friends and help make your gatherings truly special. Once you have collected the right glasses and barware in your home, you'll entertain your guests in style.
How to Install a Shower Curtain
With all of the many different shower curtains and liners, curtain rods, rings, and hook sets, it's easy to find the perfect shower curtain combination for your bathroom. The question now is how to set it all up once you've found it. Although most shower curtains are a standard size, you can also opt for slightly longer varieties, and you can always make use of differing heights of rods and use shower curtain rings to create the length you want.
Wedding Registry Checklist
Your wedding registry is designed for your guests to help you prepare for your new home together. It lets them know exactly what gifts you want and can also help them get an idea of your tastes. Use this checklist to cover all the basics when you're setting up your registry. You can register for these items all at one store or combine registries from multiple stores. Make sure you register several months before your wedding date to allow guests time to choose gifts, especially if you plan on having bridal showers before the wedding.
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During the summer months, the weather is just right for moving your dining from the indoors out. Creating a dining room in your backyard makes everything from family dinners to neighborhood parties more fun, but it takes a bit of planning. Follow these tips and you'll be able to create the perfect dining area in your own backyard.
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Tips on Buying a 4-slice Toaster
When it comes to toast, the more the better and four slices are always better than two. Buy a 4-slice toaster and simplify breakfast and other meals for your family. Whether you want a retro toaster with rounded edges and chrome plating or a digital toaster to ensure you toast each bread slice to perfection, the following suggestions will make it easy to find the right toasters for your home. Read on for tips on buying a 4-slice toaster.
How to Play Backgammon
Backgammon is a two-person game played not only in your recreation room, but also as a competitive activity in social and commercial settings. As a board game, backgammon dates back to England in 1045 when it was called "Tables." Backgammon has been played all over the world, and in 1743 the first set of backgammon rules was drafted. Since then, backgammon has continued to increase in popularity.
How to Hang a Hammock
Relaxing in a hammock or swing is the perfect way to unwind. Fortunately, learning how to hang a hammock won't stress you out, either. Hanging a hammock is easy and can be completed in less than an hour. By the end of this article, you'll have all the know-how to be able to install a hammock in your garden.
Free Weights Buying Guide
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How to Add a Claw Foot Tub Enclosure
You can add a lot of old-fashioned charm to your bathroom with a claw foot tub and shower enclosure. Once you have the bathtub and plumbing fixtures installed, it's time to set up the frame for the shower curtain. With a normal tub, you could just rely on a shower rod between two walls, but a clawfoot tub is usually set away from the wall in an open area, which means the shower curtain rail will need to cover the entire bath tub perimeter. And that can require a custom enclosure frame for your unique claw foot tub. Here are a few steps to help you install it.
Best Boots for Petite Women
When boot season arrives, it can be tricky for petite women to find women's boots that don't make them feel stumpy. But there are actually several styles that will flatter a petite frame. If you're 5'3" or shorter and you want to seem taller -- or even more authoritative -- here's what to look for when you're shopping.
How to Measure and Install a Range Hood
A range hood can remove smoke and odors from your kitchen while adding beauty to your home. When it is time to update your kitchen with a new range hood, you can learn how to install a new range hood with some time and a few handy tools. You may need some help lifting the range hood while attaching it to the wall. You might also need a licensed electrician to make electrical connections to the light and fan.
How to Buy Cotton Sheets
Cotton sheets are the natural choice for those who want a low-maintenance, breathable fabric that wicks away moisture from the skin. Natural cotton sheets are less prone to staining than cotton-synthetic blends and release dirt easily in the wash. While all 100-percent cotton sheets offer similar benefits, some simply feel better against the skin and may have a longer life in your linen closet. Take a look below to learn how to buy cotton sheets.
Kitchen Appliance Wish List for Newlyweds
Can't decide what to get for the newlywed couple you know? Creating your registry and not sure what to put on it? The right kitchen appliance can make a new life together much easier. While there are some appliances that don't get used very often, any bride and groom would get lots of use of any of the small appliances on this list.
Top 5 Timesaving Kitchen Appliances
Kitchen appliances help you take care of your family and impress your friends, but you have more things to do than slave away in the kitchen. At Overstock.com, we know how busy you are; that's why we offer a wide selection of the high-quality, timesaving kitchen appliances you need at prices you'll love. Read on to discover the top five kitchen appliances renowned for saving you time.
Best Toys for Kids Ages 10-12
The list of hot toys for tweens is different every year because kids ages 10 to 12 are quick to embrace new fads and the latest trends. Regardless of the year, however, the basic criteria will never change. Toys and hobbies for this age group must always be creative, cutting-edge, and fun. Toys that let pre-teens express themselves and show their interests are sure to be a hit.
Tips on Buying a Baby Crib
When preparing to welcome a new baby home, buying a baby crib is one of the most important purchases you will make. By keeping these tips in mind, you can find the best baby crib for your growing family and enjoy the upcoming changes in your life.
Choosing a Crib - Baby Furniture Styles
Getting ready for the arrival of a new baby is part of the fun of having children. Once you start shopping for baby cribs, you'll find there are a ton of choices. Don't be overwhelmed! Choosing a crib doesn't have to be hard if you're familiar with baby furniture styles and know what you're looking for.
How to Size Your Room For an Area Rug
A rug in the right size can complement the whole room, accent furnishings, bring life to a dull room, or make a subtle statement. However, if it's too big or too small, it may leave the impression of an unfinished or poorly decorated room. Before you start shopping for area rugs, you'll want to size the room. This guide will help you to select the right size rug in any room.
Top 10 Gifts for Mother's Day
She gave you life and love, and Mother's Day is the time to show your mom how much you appreciate her. This year, surprise her with the perfect gift, one that fits her personality and shows how much you care. If you're not sure what to get for your mom, try one of these popular Mother's Day gifts.
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Low Flyovers Will Give the Best Close-up Views
Sometime in the next few months, the long-running MESSENGER mission at Mercury is going to take its last swoop over the planet, and then angle into Mercury's surface. The long-planned Hover Campaign, uses orbit-correction maneuvers to delay the spacecraft's final plunge for a few weeks so that they can send it on some low-pass runs and get some last good birds-eye views of the cratered terrain. They'll also be using the spacecraft's magnetometer (which senses the magnetic fields and magnetic anomalies in the surface), and the neutron spectrometer, which will let them get more data on the crustal composition.
In particular, the mission scientists want to zero in on those mysterious shadowed craters at Mercury's poles, to study the water ice that exists within their chilly dark areas. If it does, then they'll have some proof that water can exist in this region, and try to figure out just how the water got there. One idea is that comet bombardments could have deposited ice in these regions. Since the walls of the craters do not get sunlight, the ice could have been safely locked away there for a while.
How long? It's a good question. The images and data returned about Mercury ice so far indicate that it is relatively young, meaning it was delivered (or uncovered) in recent geological time. Mercury ice is a mystery, and although it sounds crazy that ice could exist so close to the Sun, the MESSENGER images and data have shown that it's there and sitting there quite happily NOT getting melted by sunlight. It's yet another dazzling result delivered from a very successful mission.
Why the rush to get MESSENGER in low swooping and controlled orbits? Well, the spacecraft is running out of propellant, and its subject to the gravitational pull of the Sun, both of which will combine to send it to its final resting place on Mercury. Mission controllers are taking advantage now of the spacecraft's continuing good health to plan the final views and studies, and giving it the best altitude to do so. Once the propellant is gone, that's the end of the road for a mission that has lasted since its 2004 launch, and has been orbiting Mercury since March 18, 2011. I remember the evening it went into orbit; we went down to the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (my old employer) to sit with friends who are on the spacecraft team and watch as the mission slipped into orbit around the planet after a nearly five-year trip to get there.
The MESSENGER spacecraft is the first ever to orbit the planet Mercury, and the spacecraft's seven scientific instruments and radio science investigation have done a spectacular job of studying this world, and helping us to understand its history and evolution. MESSENGER has acquired over 250,000 images and extensive other data sets. I suspect that there will be many incredible papers written about this treasure trove of information about the solar system's smallest rocky planet. Stay tuned as MESSENGER spends her final weeks cranking out some spectacular science!


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by 3UteDad
2015-03-26 10:18:37
Russia Plans Super Highway Linking U.K. to U.S.
>> View
by 3UteDad
2015-02-27 12:25:31
Outside Huntsman Center, students set up camp for Saturday seats
by 3UteDad
2015-02-27 12:00:25
The world's first human head transplant: could it happen in the next 2 years?
by 3UteDad
2015-02-11 12:34:57
Massive ski ramp proposed for new $309M Kissimmee resort
by 3UteDad
2015-02-02 13:54:30
by 3UteDad
2015-01-29 17:19:03
Basketball Hall Of Famer Bill Bradley Was Known For Alleged 'DeflateGate' Tactic
by 3UteDad
2015-01-26 16:34:49
by 3UteDad
2015-01-26 13:56:08
by 3UteDad
2015-01-26 12:30:24
The Perils of Single-Sport Participation
by 3UteDad
2015-01-23 13:53:19
NHL announces partnership with GoPro for on-ice cameras
This is one area where the web would be a viewing advantage over standard TV...giving the viewer the power to determine which camera on which player they would like to view at any given moment in the action. It will be interesting to see how this goes.
by 3UteDad
2015-01-23 13:21:57
by 3UteDad
2015-01-06 15:30:20
'My Husbands Not Gay Reality Show
My Husbands Not Gay features what its network, TLC, calls unconventional Mormon marriages. Of the men featured in the show who are married, they are shown alongside their wives, who know about their husbands preferences and try to make their marriages work.
Jeff explains his orientation by comparing it to ones preference for a certain type of food.
You could say Im oriented towards doughnuts and if I was being true to myself, I would eat doughnuts a lot more than I eat doughnuts, Jeff said. But am I miserable? Am I lonely? Am I denying myself because I dont eat doughnuts as I might like to eat doughnuts? Im not.
by 3UteDad
2015-01-06 13:26:06
Google wants to make wireless networks that will free you from AT&T and Verizons data caps
by 3UteDad
2014-12-30 13:49:47
NCAA Football Coaching Salaries
Most of these coaches are employed by public universities and are the highest paid public employees in the nation. I love college football, but this seems inherently wrong in terms of public priorities.
by 3UteDad
2014-12-11 18:05:41
Marshals take 'Super Dell' into custody after disrupting court hearing
by 3UteDad
2014-11-09 09:28:36
Ball must be placed in the center of the "U" in the end zone before a player can throw up the "U" in celebration.
by 3UteDad
2014-10-27 09:55:19
by 3UteDad
2014-10-11 15:43:40
by 3UteDad
2014-10-07 18:08:34
Thanks for your indulgence.
by 3UteDad
2014-10-05 14:51:49
but I'm just wondering if anyone else has ever fantasized about Travis Wilson in a Jimmy Graham kind of role in the Utah offense? Wonder if he has good hands...
by 3UteDad
2014-09-29 10:25:53
Hoked claims he didn't see Shane Morris staggering around after he got clobbered. I'm not buying it.
by 3UteDad
2014-09-28 21:19:16
by 3UteDad
2014-09-27 14:16:52
At least no team in a P5 conference.
Go Wolfpack!
by 3UteDad
2014-09-23 09:26:40
by 3UteDad
2014-09-20 20:15:37
by 3UteDad
2014-09-20 20:04:07
Detroit Free Press
The Wolverine fans' comments are brutal.
by 3UteDad
2014-09-19 17:14:28
Rice case: purposeful misdirection by team, scant investigation by NFL
It's interesting to watch ESPNs reporting on this, considering their partnership with the NFL.
by 3UteDad
2014-09-15 17:15:55
Sometimes it's a good idea to keep a few of "grayhairs" around to catch things like this.
Unfortunate fashions
by 3UteDad
2014-09-02 21:58:38
Wes Gets Down with Molly
by 3UteDad
2014-09-02 19:32:17
I think it was a song by the B-52's.
(1 day ago, 5 stars)
Would you have said the same thing about the Nicaraguan Canal project 10 years ago?
(1 day ago, 0 stars)
Anyone up for a road trip to Moscow? Russia, not Idaho...
(1 day ago, 5 stars)
It's figures that a jerk like Woodard would jump ship at this point in the season . Who will fill his shoes?
(3 days ago, 1 stars)
Totally decent!
(3 days ago, 3 stars)
I think he's right...freakin Woodard hasn't shown up all season.
(3 days ago, 10 stars)
Cryin Piccolo
(5 days ago, 1 stars)
Very scary situation. Please keep us posted with his status updates.
(9 days ago, 1 stars)
Don't you think if Jesus was around today he would drive a Ferrari?
(10 days ago, 1 stars)
If the counselor wasn't court appointed and there is no dictate for you to participate, why are you subjecting yourself and your children to the experience?
(10 days ago, 6 stars)
Deseret News...Utah's very own Bleacher Report.
(10 days ago, 7 stars)
The Seattle Starbuckers
(11 days ago, 3 stars)
Team isn't being sold. They are reorganizing and implementing an independent board of directors for the company.
(11 days ago, 0 stars)
Now you're being acute.
(14 days ago, 5 stars)
That design eliminates certain men's room rituals.
(16 days ago, 3 stars)
It's been a long time since I have been in college, and maybe things have changed significantly in the Greek system in that time.
(17 days ago, 4 stars)
Is this a Jeopardy riddle?
(22 days ago, 7 stars)
Don't bother me until leisure suits are back in vogue.
(22 days ago, 1 stars)
If Elon Musk had only adopted the MLM model, this wouldn't be a problem in Utah.
(22 days ago, 6 stars)
Did anyone else notice...Brian Williams goes on hiatus and suddenly Dennis Nuttblock starts posting again? Coincidence?
(22 days ago, 5 stars)
Remember Jeffrey Dahmer....the brawl pales in comparison...
(23 days ago, 5 stars)
Remember that Brazilian soccer referee that was beheaded and his head was displayed at midfield...the brawl wasn't nearly that bad.
(23 days ago, 10 stars)
I didn't get on the board until late last night, but the rumor is going around that you killed some guy with a trident.
(26 days ago, 4 stars)
Is anyone on campus right now willing to post some pics?
(28 days ago, 2 stars)
I blame the obfuscation in the wording of your post :P
(28 days ago, 1 stars)
In this case, which is the donor and which is the recipient?
(28 days ago, 0 stars)
Will you have your Utah flags on your DeSoto this weekend? :P
(28 days ago, 3 stars)
Everyone knows the correct Utah spelling for Rick should be Rykk.
(30 days ago, 0 stars)
I would rather storm the court than storm the parking lot before the game is over.
(31 days ago, 10 stars)
You will have to explain to me how, without burrowing a hole in some part of the female anatomy, a camera ingested orally will find its way into the sexual organs of a woman.
(31 days ago, 6 stars)
I have seen this proposed in the past for poor free throw shooters, but have never seen any evidence that someone would hit a better percentage underhand.
(35 days ago, 0 stars)
How can something so right be so wrong?
(43 days ago, 3 stars)
Oooops, misread your post.
(43 days ago, 1 stars)
After watching the Little League World Series over the years, I'm confident in saying cheating has been going on internationally every bit as long as it has in the USA.
(44 days ago, 2 stars)
If Boise can have tropical beaches, why can't Florida have ski slopes?
(44 days ago, 1 stars)
Embrace nonconformity.
(44 days ago, 3 stars)
RE: If we keep this up we might get a class ranked almost as high as our BCS busting days! :D *braces for blue star barrage*
(51 days ago, 2 stars)
RE: Does anybody have any thoughts on what should happen in the Middle East?
(52 days ago, 1 stars)
*Deleted Snark*
(52 days ago, 7 stars)
Does anyone else find themselves authoring snarky posts...only to decide at the last second not to click "post message"? I think I have changed my mind on more posts than I have posted.
(52 days ago, 13 stars)
Can the Chinese actually "call in" the debt at any time? This debt carries specific terms and schedules as far as I know and can't be called in on a whim based on policies.
(52 days ago, 1 stars)
You used those individuals as an example of why we need to put boots on the ground in the middle east to fight ISIS.
(52 days ago, 0 stars)
I try to keep up on things, but I don't think I have seen anything tying those individuals to ISIS. Am I incorrect?
(52 days ago, 2 stars)
I've heard you can go blind doing that.
(52 days ago, 2 stars)
Is there something wrong with me because I didn't notice the sharks jacked up their choreography during the halftime show of the Super Bowl?
(53 days ago, 2 stars)
Oregon could show Utah a thing or two when it comes to lobbying for worker rights...
(53 days ago, 1 stars)
If true this is troubling. I would bet the majority of players in his position group have not been LDS.
(53 days ago, 1 stars)
There was no edit...I'm dumbfounded.
(54 days ago, 5 stars)
If my daughter were assaulted, I would ask for all the details and assess the situation and not act on her emotions at the time.
(54 days ago, 4 stars)
(54 days ago, 5 stars)
Did something happen that got deleted? Seems kind of foolish to call people on the board out who don't have any idea what you are talking about.
(54 days ago, 1 stars)
That felt more like swinging for short center field for me.
(54 days ago, 0 stars)
That will be next year's.
(55 days ago, 1 stars)
Long before the New England Patriots, the New York Knicks were notorious for messing with their balls.
(57 days ago, 0 stars)
This same scenario plays out at every Lone Peak High School dance (except it's a white guy leading the way).
(57 days ago, 10 stars)
You left out all the mothers from the Old Spice ads.
(59 days ago, 8 stars)
Gotta love super bowl ads...
(60 days ago, 5 stars)
RE: Suggestions for alternative uses of your paraphenalia:
(60 days ago, 2 stars)
Suggestions for alternative uses of your paraphenalia:
(60 days ago, 4 stars)
Have you been looking for a reason to head out for lunch?
(60 days ago, 2 stars)
An interesting article that goes against conventional wisdom on single sport participation for youths as a predictor of performance at a higher level.
(60 days ago, 3 stars)
Image stabilization firmware and software has come a long way in the digital world. Even inexpensive helmet mounted cams these days do a decent job
(63 days ago, 0 stars)
You don't think it would be awesome to see what the goalie sees as the opponents bear down on him? Or a quarterback scanning the field as he sits in the pocket?
(63 days ago, 0 stars)
This is something we all knew was coming. Car racing has done this for a while. The NHL will be the pioneers for major team sports, but I think we will see this soon for all major sports.
(63 days ago, 4 stars)
People watching at the Sundance Film Festival for fat, drunk, lazy Ute fans.
(63 days ago, 1 stars)
Based on recent behavior we have witnessed from their team, we might start by eliminating honor from their code.
(65 days ago, 15 stars)
Teams suffer injuries every years. Their record indicates how good they were that year...that's fair.
(65 days ago, 0 stars)
Is prescription porn better than the over-the-counter porn?
(67 days ago, 15 stars)
RE: Not sure what this zoob is talking about but it sure didn't take long to pass judgement...
(67 days ago, 0 stars)
ASU hockey to Division I is a done deal.
(71 days ago, 2 stars)
I don't know, I think you may be on to something after I came across this recent picture of Chris Hill in his office at RES.
(78 days ago, 8 stars)
I guess you and I have a different definition of public...car in a public parking lot with windows that you can see into.
(80 days ago, 0 stars)
You've probably never tried a doughnut with meat.
(80 days ago, 2 stars)
I hate it when cruller guys pretend to be doughnut guys.
(80 days ago, 2 stars)
Did you launch a DOS attack against his ISP? Are you posting from North Korea?
(80 days ago, 2 stars)
This show will be must-see TV...
(80 days ago, 4 stars)
I don't think your hyperbole really helps your argument here.
(80 days ago, 0 stars)
So let's play the what if game...
(80 days ago, 2 stars)
Those were the days...
(80 days ago, 3 stars)
I'm not sure the cop has a whole lot of leeway in this situation.
(80 days ago, 3 stars)
Wow, Boehner has a really big...
(80 days ago, 2 stars)
OppressedUte posted a question on cell phone providers earlier...keep an eye on google...this would be a bigger deal than google fiber for those living in metro areas.
(80 days ago, 6 stars)
Was someone being mean to you?
(80 days ago, 4 stars)
He is the right man for the job.
(80 days ago, 1 stars)
Am I the only one concerned more about the long-term commitment of the basketball coaching staff than the football coaching staff?
(80 days ago, 1 stars)
We're missing an opportunity if we don't land a coach with ties to the Greek community...so much untapped potential...
(80 days ago, 6 stars)
That's pretty amazing. Do you know what the actual elapsed time period for his weight loss is?
(84 days ago, 0 stars)
Here's the latest info on salaries for college football coaches across the NCAA.
(87 days ago, 2 stars)
Where was all the angst about not being able to attract Danish players when Gary Andersen left the staff?
(93 days ago, 14 stars)
Your company has a Poly connection for financial managers?
(94 days ago, 3 stars)
I honestly can't think of a coach that would be a worse fit for a state or university like Wisconsin. Actually, I have a hard time imagining him anywhere but BYU.
(95 days ago, 4 stars)
Your brain certainly does a better job of filling in the blanks for something that is not visible to the naked eye than mine.
(95 days ago, 1 stars)
Sometimes all you can do is shake your head and sigh.
(95 days ago, 6 stars)
(95 days ago, 3 stars)
Did you see that Memphis player swing the back of his head at Nacua's fist? Filthy Thugs!
(95 days ago, 7 stars)
This is just a hunch...but I'm guessing that the BYU football team won't be featured when "Meet the Mormons II" comes out.
(95 days ago, 33 stars)
I expect the conference will come down hard on the conduct of those BYU players.
(95 days ago, 2 stars)
Just a friendly reminder for all those that have viewed the above post...please remember to clear your browser history before logging off your computer.
(95 days ago, 1 stars)
My keen perceptive skills have led me to this conclusion on Tacoma's identity.
(98 days ago, 5 stars)
Neither was Uncle Buck.
(101 days ago, 5 stars)
Runs like a champ in the spring, wheels come off in the fall. (58 stars)
2013-03-05 15:12:15
Fat chance (56 stars)
2011-07-06 15:03:58
Awesome ending to the Nebraska spring game. (55 stars)
2013-04-06 20:32:46
One player deserving of a handshake and a slap on the back...Jon Hays. He is a player with limited skills playing the most important position on the field. He never made claims to be something he was not. He hung tough through adversity and taunts.. (54 stars)
2011-12-31 17:42:15
RE: Any truth to the rumor that KBYU hired Cleanflicks to edit out the turnovers? (47 stars)
2008-11-25 21:26:11
Be honest...do you work for Deseret Credit Union? (44 stars)
2011-07-07 13:57:43
We all know what happened the last time a zoob tried to piggyback someone... (40 stars)
2012-06-20 16:26:04
That smack doesn't hold up. (37 stars)
2014-08-06 11:29:55
Get back to me when there is more excitement about a team they have beaten than a team they have scheduled. (37 stars)
2012-07-25 15:00:39
Is it just me, or does the placement of the Utah women's gymnastics sticker just above the "I'd rather have a daughter in a whorehouse" phrase qualify this as a FAIL? (35 stars)
2011-05-31 15:47:42
Kids say the darndest things... (1874)
2011-12-14 10:58:07
I only give blue stars because Monkey has not yet enabled the Joe Glenn feature. (1774)
2011-12-13 19:38:23
Well, I guess that means Mark Mangino won't be walking through that door... (1772)
2011-12-11 19:11:23
I'm a lumberjack (1711)
2011-12-14 19:54:07
Just got done watching a report on HBO Real Sports about the Pulaski Academy football team in Arkansas. If you haven't heard of them, they recently won the state championship, employing a strategy of only on-side kicking, and seldom punting. (1012)
2012-01-24 21:12:27
For anyone that cares, here is what seems like a plausable explanation for the twitter photoshop on Utah compliance officer Kate Charipar's twitter page. (972)
2013-09-20 01:04:50
Will they allow the less obtrusive Microsoft Monocle? (970)
2013-03-28 10:25:24
Isn't the author Mormon and a former BYU professor? What were the falsehoods on doctrine? (863)
2011-04-13 14:19:21
An educated reader can make their own determination on the amount of spin in their stories... (733)
2011-04-13 14:16:18
I can see why you might have difficulty understanding the excitement... (710)
2011-06-21 15:14:43
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CONDITION: Brand New
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Seller Information
Learn more about Posture Pump 1000 Cervical Back Disc Traction Hydrator:
Manufacturer: Posture Pump
Mfg Part#: 1000
Sku: 250744272
Sales Rank: 15842
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2000 Ford Focus • 12,000 miles
I had a valve seat drop and completely rebuilt the engine with an aftermarket head, reinstalled engine and transmission and all other parts, when starting I get the (!) Symbol on the dash, installed a new battery and still comes on, light comes on at startup right away when not even hot, when idling and A/C on engine idles rough and almost shuts down probably a vacuum issue. But my real concern is when it is idling and I put it in either reverse or drive with foot on brake it shakes like crazy and shuts down so please tell me what is my next step of diagnosing these issues. Thanks
August 18, 2012.
August 18, 2012.
If you think you have a vacuum issue then correct that first as that could be it. Lookfor softpinched lines, a line disconnected etc. Check to make sure your grounds are clean for the battery issue, it may be just he alternator doesn't put out enough right away.
Aug 18, 2012.
Aug 18, 2012.
I doubled checked all vacuum lines and found no issues, no corrosion and all grounds are clean and tight, it still doesx the same thing, put it in reverse it makes a rattling noise and shuts down right away, in drive stabalizes then rattling noise and shutdown.
Aug 18, 2012.
Aug 18, 2012.
What would be compatible to use for a replacement engine in my Breeze? I am just looking to get something that would work with it to get it up and running. Can I use a different model ...
1 answer • 1999 Plymouth Breeze • 120,000 miles
If i took out my 91 toyota carolla engine what other cars would it be compatible with?
4 answers • 1991 Toyota Corolla
We have two Jeeps that we need to replace the 4.0 engines on. a 1996 2 wheel drive and a 1998 4 wheel drive. We have found a 1994 2 wheel drive engine that we are planning on putting ...
2 answers • 1998 Jeep Laredo • 165,000 miles
1990 Toyota Camry mileage: 150,000. 1. The oil warning light is on. 2. There are four quarts of oil in the car. 3. The oil filter is dry. 4. The engine sounds rough. 5. There is noise ...
3 answers • 1990 Toyota Camry • 150,000 miles


text: My husband Michael and I live and work on Maui, in Hawaii (21 years). I am a realtor, Mike is in construction. We have 4 grown children and we love to travel! If you ever come to Maui, please let me know! I would be happy to give you some tips on where to stay!