text:
Composite colorant polymer particles having a colorant phase and a polymer phase, the polymer phase of the particles being formed in the presence of the colorant in situ using an emulsion polymerization process, the dispersion of composite colorant polymer particles being stable as defined by said particles not flocculating for up to 20 minutes when a dispersion containing said particles is added to acetone at a 1% by weight concentration.
1. Composite colorant polymer particles having a colorant phase and a polymer phase, said polymer phase of said particles being formed in the presence of said colorant in situ using an emulsion polymerization process, the dispersion of composite colorant polymer particles being stable as defined by said particles not flocculating for up to 20 minutes when a dispersion containing said particles is added to acetone at a 1% by weight concentration.
2. The composite colorant polymer particles of
3. The composite colorant polymer particles of
4. The composite colorant polymer particles of
5. The composite colorant polymer particles of
6. The composite colorant polymer particles of
7. The composite colorant polymer particles of
8. The composite colorant polymer particles of
9. The composite colorant polymer particles of
[0001] Reference is made to commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.______ by Erdtmann et al., (Docket 82460) filed of even date herewith entitled �Ink Jet Printing Method�; U.S. patent application Ser. No._______ by Wang et al., (Docket 82209) filed of even date herewith entitled �Ink Jet Ink Composition�; and U.S. Patent Application Ser. No.______ by Wang et al., (Docket 82113) filed of even date herewith entitled �Process For Making Composite Colorant Particles�.
[0002] This invention relates to composite colorant particles that have a colorant phase and a polymer phase, and more particularly to composite particles which have a pigment phase and a polymer phase. The composite colorant particles are very stable and are useful for forming ink jet inks for ink jet printing.
[0003] Inkjet printing is a non-impact method for producing images by the deposition of ink droplets on a substrate (paper, transparent film, fabric, etc.) in response to digital signals. Ink jet printers have found broad applications across markets ranging from industrial labeling to short run printing to desktop document and pictorial imaging.
[0004] In ink jet recording processes, it is necessary that the inks being used meet various performance requirements. Such performance requirements are generally more stringent than those for other liquid ink applications, such as for writing instruments (e.g., a fountain pen, felt pen, etc.). In particular, the following conditions are generally required for inks utilized in ink jet printing processes:
[0005] (1) The ink should possess physical properties such as viscosity, surface tension, and electric conductivity matching the discharging conditions of the printing apparatus, such as the driving voltage and driving frequency of a piezoelectric electric oscillator, the form and material of printhead orifices, the diameter of orifices, etc.;
[0006] (2) The ink should be capable of being stored for a long period of time without causing clogging of printhead orifices during use;
[0007] (3) The ink should be quickly fixable onto recording media, such as paper, film, etc., such that the outlines of the resulting ink dots are smooth and there is minimal blotting of the dotted ink;
[0008] (4) The printed image should be of high quality, such as having a clear color tone and high density, have high gloss and high color gamut;
[0009] (5) The printed image should exhibit excellent waterfastness (water resistance) and lightfastness (light resistance);
[0010] (6) The printed (ink) images should have good adhesion to the surface of image receiving elements and should be durable and highly resistant to physical and mechanical scratches or damages
[0011] (7) The ink should not chemically attack, corrode or erode surrounding materials such as the ink storage container, printhead components, orifices, etc.;
[0012] (8) The ink should not have an unpleasant odor and should not be toxic or inflammable; and
[0013] (9) The ink should exhibit low foaming and high pH stability characteristics.
[0014] The inks used in various ink jet printers can be classified as either dye-based or pigment-based. A dye is a colorant which is molecularly dispersed or solvated by a carrier medium. The carrier medium can be a liquid or a solid at room temperature. A commonly used carrier medium is water or a mixture of water and organic cosolvents. Each individual dye molecule is surrounded by molecules of the carrier medium. In dye-based inks, no particles are observable under the microscope. Although there have been many recent advances in the art of dye-based inkjet inks, such inks still suffer from deficiencies such as low optical densities on plain paper and poor lightfastness. When water is used as the carrier medium, such inks also generally suffer from poor waterfastness.
[0015] Pigment-based inks have been gaining in popularity as a means of addressing these limitations. In pigment-based inks, the colorant exists as discrete particles. These pigment particles are usually treated with addenda known as dispersants or stabilizers which serve to keep the pigment particles from agglomerating and/or settling out.
[0016] Pigment-based inks suffer from a different set of deficiencies than dye-based inks. One deficiency is that pigment-based inks interact differently with specially coated papers and films, such as transparent films used for overhead projection and glossy papers and opaque white films used for high quality graphics and pictorial output. In particular, it has been observed that pigment-based inks produce imaged areas that are entirely on the surface of coated papers and films which results in images that have poor dry and wet adhesion properties and can be easily smudged. In recent years, inkjet receivers have been developed to have both high gloss and fast drying capacities. However, scratch mark smudges are more visible on high gloss receivers. There is a need to provide a pigmented ink composition that results in images on the surface of an ink jet recording element which have improved durability and smudging resistance.
[0017] Another deficiency from which pigmented inks suffer is their poor storage stability due to the presence of a water-miscible organic solvent. Water-miscible organic solvents are used to adjust ink rheology, to maximize ink firability and re-runability. These solvents prevent ink from drying in a printing head and lower ink surface tension to minimize the effect of air-entrapment in an ink formulation which would otherwise generate air bubbles which would seriously affect the head performance. However, these water-miscible organic solvents can also have a negative effect on the colloidal stability of pigment particles in an ink formulation. There is a need to provide a pigmented ink composition which would have improved storage stability in the presence of various types of water-miscible organic solvents.
[0018] U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,073 discloses an erasable ink composition which comprises a dispersion of particles of water-insoluble polymer-encapsulated colorant obtained by polymerizing under emulsion polymerization conditions in the presence of solid colorant particles. The process described is a batch or semi-batch process by which an ethylenically-unsaturated monomer and a colorant are emulsified together before being subjected to emulsion polymerization conditions. The particle dispersions prepared by such a process are a physical mixture of polymer latex particles, polymer encapsulated colorant, and water soluble polymers. However, there is a problem with these dispersions when they are formulated into an inkjet ink, in that the presence of free polymers (both polymer particles and water soluble polymers) can significantly increase ink viscosity, decrease ink storage stability, cause premature printing head failure, and generate image defects.
[0019] EP 1006161 discloses a process for making an ink composition wherein polymer-coated colorant particles are prepared using a batch emulsion polymerization process employing colorant particles, monomers and an initiator. The polymer-coated colorant particles prepared by such a process are a physical mixture of polymer particles, polymer-encapsulated colorant and water-soluble polymers. However, there is a problem with these dispersions when they are formulated into an ink jet ink, in that the presence of free polymers (both polymer particles and water soluble polymers) can significantly increase ink viscosity, decrease ink storage stability, cause premature printing head failure, and generate image defects.
[0020] It is an object of this invention to provide composite colorant polymer particles that have improved compatibility with water-soluble organic solvents, improved stability in an ink jet composition, and when such ink composition is printed, the resultant images on the surface of an ink jet recording element have improved image quality and physical durability such as scratch and smudging resistance.
[0021] These and other objects are achieved in accordance with this invention which relates to composite colorant polymer particles having a colorant phase and a polymer phase, the polymer phase of the particles being formed in the presence of the colorant in situ using an emulsion polymerization process, the dispersion of composite colorant polymer particles being stable as defined by said particles not flocculating for up to 20 minutes when a dispersion containing said particles is added to acetone at a 1% by weight concentration.
[0022] The composite colorant particles of the invention have better stability than those prepared by the prior art and an ink formulated with such particles has good resistance to abrasion.
[0023] As described above, a dispersion of composite colorant polymer particles used in the invention are stable as defined by the particles not flocculating for up to 20 minutes when a dispersion containing said particles is added to acetone at a 1% by weight concentration. In contrast thereto, various prior art dispersions will flocculate very rapidly when tested in this manner, as will be shown hereafter. When particles in a dispersion flocculate, the particle size increases and eventually the particles agglomerate, resulting in the particles precipitating out of solution.
[0024] The composite colorant polymer particles of this invention may be prepared by the process disclosed in the above-referred to U.S. patent application Ser. No.______ by Wang et al., (Docket 82113 filed of even date herewith entitled �Process For Making Composite Colorant Particles�, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Another method of preparing such colorant particles is to attach a functional group to the particle surface, followed by emulsion polymerization.
[0025] In the process of the above-identified application, a portion of an addition polymerization initiator is added to an aqueous colorant mixture before introducing a monomer mixture which is used to form the polymer phase of the composite colorant particles. The aqueous colorant mixture comprises submicron colorant particles which are used to form the colorant phase of the composite particles. The colorant phase and the polymer phase are essentially incompatible. However there may be an interface formed between the colorant phase and polymer phase.
[0026] In a preferred embodiment of that process, the ethylenically-unsaturated monomer which may be employed comprises:
[0027] a) an ethylenically-unsaturated monomer being free of ionic charge groups and capable of addition polymerization to form a substantially water-insoluble homopolymer, and
[0028] b) another ethylenically-unsaturated monomer being capable of addition polymerization to form a substantially water-soluble homopolymer;
[0029] In accordance with the above-described process, the monomer mixture is added to the colorant mixture continuously. The duration of the addition time depends on the types of monomers and reaction temperatures employed. The addition time can be shorter for more reactive monomers and at higher reaction temperatures. For monomers of low reactivity at a lower reaction temperature, a shorter monomer addition time may flood the system with free monomers which can form secondary polymer particles which comprise essentially no colorant phase. With longer addition time, the polymerization is carried out under monomer starvation conditions and almost all the monomers are consumed by the colorant particles.
[0030] In accordance with the above process, a preferred way to cause an addition polymerization initiator to form a free radical is by using heat. Depending on the types of initiators used, the reaction temperature can vary from about 30 to about 90� C. Preferably the reaction temperature is at least 40� C. and most preferably at least 50� C. To ensure that no free monomer is present, usually the reaction is continued for a longer time after the monomer addition. Also monomer may be need to be added to scavenge during the final stage of the reaction to increase the reaction conversion.
[0031] A wide variety of organic and inorganic pigments, alone or in combination, may be selected for use in the present invention. Colorant particles which may be used in the invention include pigments as disclosed, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,026,427; 5,086,698; 5,141,556; 5,160,370; and 5,169,436, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The exact choice of pigments will depend upon the specific application and performance requirements such as color reproduction and image stability. Pigments suitable for use in the present invention include, for example, azo pigments, monoazo pigments, disazo pigments, azo pigment lakes, β-Naphthol pigments, Naphthol AS pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, disazo condensation pigments, metal complex pigments, isoindolinone and isoindoline pigments, polycyclic pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, perylene and perinone pigments, thioindigo pigments, anthrapyrimidone pigments, flavanthrone pigments, anthanthrone pigments, dioxazine pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments, quinophthalone pigments, diketopyrrolo pyrrole pigments, titanium oxide, iron oxide, and carbon black. Typical examples of pigments which may be used include Color Index (C.I.) Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 62, 65, 73, 74, 75, 81, 83, 87, 90, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110,111, 113, 114, 116, 117, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 133, 136, 138, 139, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 165, 166, 167,168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194; C.I. Pigment Orange 1, 2, 5, 6, 13, 15, 16, 17, 17:1, 19, 22, 24, 31, 34, 36, 38, 40, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69; C.I. Pigment Red 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 38, 48:1, 48:2, 48:3, 48:4, 49:1, 49:2, 49:3, 50:1, 51, 52:1, 52:2, 53:1, 57:1, 60:1, 63:1, 66, 67, 68, 81, 95, 112, 114, 119, 122, 136, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 164, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 184, 185, 187, 188, 190, 192, 194, 200, 202, 204, 206, 207, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 220, 222, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 243, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 261, 264; C.I. Pigment Violet 1, 2, 3, 5:1, 13, 19, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 37, 39, 42, 44, 50; C.I. Pigment Blue 1, 2, 9, 10, 14, 15:1, 15:2, 15:3, 15:4, 15:6, 15, 16, 18, 19, 24:1, 25, 56, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66; C.I. Pigment Green 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 36, 45; C.I. Pigment Black 1, 7, 20, 31, 32, and C.I. Pigment Brown 1, 5, 22, 23, 25, 38, 41, 42. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pigment set is cyan pigment, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3; quinacridone magenta, C.I. Pigment Red 122; C.I. Pigment Yellow 155; and carbon black, C.I. Pigment Black 7.
[0032] The colorant particles of the present invention can employ water-soluble or water-insoluble dyes . Examples of water-soluble dyes which may be used include the sulfonate and carboxylate dyes, specifically, those that are commonly employed in ink-jet printing. Specific examples include: Sulforhodamine B (sulfonate), Acid Blue 113 (sulfonate), Acid Blue 29 (sulfonate), Acid Red 4 (sulfonate), Rose Bengal (carboxylate), Acid Yellow 17 (sulfonate), Acid Yellow 29 (sulfonate), Acid Yellow 42 (sulfonate), Acridine Yellow G (sulfonate), Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Chloride Monohydrate or Nitro BT, Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine 123, Rhodamine B, Rhodamine B Isocyanate, Safranine 0, Azure B, Azure B Eosinate, Basic Blue 47, Basic Blue 66, Thioflacin T (Basic Yellow 1), and Auramine O (Basic Yellow 2), all available from Aldrich Chemical Company. Examples of water-insoluble dyes which may be used include azo, xanthene, methine, polymethine, and anthroquinone dyes. Specific examples of water-insoluble dyes include Ciba-Geigy Orasol Blue GN, Ciba-Geigy Orasol Pink, and Ciba-Geigy Orasol Yellow.
[0033] The composite colorant particles useful in the invention may have any particle size, such as those which can be jetted through a print head.
[0034] Preferably, the composite colorant particles have a mean particle size of less than about 200 nm, more preferably less than about 80 nm.
[0035] Various processes known in the art can be used in the invention to form a suspension of a colorant particle in an aqueous medium. The suspensions are primarily composed of colorant particles, dispersants/surfactants, and water.
[0036] The dispersants can be nonionic, anionic, cationic, and/or polymeric and can be used at levels as high as 50% of the colorant particles.
[0037] Colorant particles useful in the invention can be formed by various methods known in the art. For example, they can be prepared by pulverizing and classifying dry pigments or by spray drying of a solution containing dyes followed by redipsersing the resultant particles in water using a dispersant. They can be prepared by a suspension technique which includes dissolving a dye in, for example, a water-immiscible solvent, dispersing the solution as fine liquid droplets in an aqueous solution, and removing the solvent by evaporation or other suitable techniques. They can also be prepared by mechanically grinding a pigment material in water to a desired particle size in the presence a dispersant.
[0038] Addition polymerization initiators useful in the above-described process include, for examples, an azo and diazo compounds, such as 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2,3-dimethyl butyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl butyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2,3,3-trimethyl butyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2-isopropyl butyronitrile), 1,1′-azobis(cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxyl-2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile), 2-(carbamoylazo)isobutyronitrile, 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), and dimethyl -2,2′ azobis isobutyrate, or peroxide compounds, such as butyl peroxide, propyl peroxide, butyryl peroxide, benzoyl isobutyryl peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide, or water soluble initiators, for example, sodium persulfate, and potassium persulfate, or any redox initiators. The initiators may be used in an amount varying from about 0.2 to 3 or 4 weight percent or higher by weight of the total monomers. Usually, a higher initiator concentration results in lower molecular weights of the final polymers. In general, if the colorant is an organic pigment, then good results have been obtained using either an oil-soluble initiator or a water-soluble initiator. If the colorant is an inorganic pigment, such as carbon black, then good results can be obtained using a water-soluble initiator.
[0039] Surfactants that can be used in the above-described process include, for example, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a cationic compound, a reactive surfactant, an amphoteric compound, and a polymeric protective colloid. Specific examples are described in �McCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Detergents: 1995, North American Editor�. A chain transfer agent such as butyl mercaptan, may also be used to control the properties of the polymer formed.
[0040] The ethylenically-unsaturated monomers which can be used in the above-described process include, for example, the following monomers and their mixtures: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, iso-propyl acrylate, iso-propyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyhexyl acrylate, hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, hydroxyoctadecyl acrylate, hydroxyoctadecyl methacrylate, hydroxylauryl methacrylate, hydroxylauryl acrylate, phenethylacrylate, phenethyl methacrylate, 6-phenylhexyl acrylate, 6-phenylhexyl methacrylate, phenyllauryl acrylate, phenyllaurylmethacrylate, 3-nitrophenyl-6-hexyl methacrylate, 3-nitrophenyl-18-octadecyl acrylate, ethyleneglycol dicyclopentyl ether acrylate, vinyl ethyl ketone, vinyl propyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone, vinyl octyl ketone, vinyl butyl ketone, cyclohexyl acrylate,3-methacryloxypropyl-dimethylmethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyl-methyldimethoxysilane,3-methacryloxypropyl-pentamethyldisiloxane, 3-methacryloxypropyltris-(trimethylsiloxy)silane,3-acryloxypropyl dimethylmethoxysilane, acryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, trifluoromethyl styrene, trifluoromethyl acrylate, trifluoromethyl methacrylate, tetrafluoropropyl acrylate, tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate, heptafluorobutyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, N,N-dihexyl acrylamide, N,N-dioctyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N,N-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, piperidino-N-ethyl acrylate, vinyl propionate, vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl butyl ether, and vinyl propyl ether ethylene, styrene, vinyl carbazole, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl anthracene, vinyl pyrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, alpha-methylstyrene, dimethylstyrene, methylstyrene, vinylbiphenyl, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl propylene, 2-methyl-2-vinyl oxirane, vinyl pyridine, aminoethyl methacrylate, aminoethylphenyl acrylate, maleimide, N-phenyl maleimide, N-hexyl maleimide, N-vinyl-phthalimide, and N-vinyl maleimide poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl 4-methylpyrrolidone, vinyl 4-phenylpyrrolidone, vinyl imidazole, vinyl 4-methylimidazole, vinyl 4-phenylimidazole, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N-methyl methacrylamide, aryloxy dimethyl acrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N-methyl methacrylamide, aryloxy piperidine, and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, chloromethacrylic acid, maleic acid, allylamine, N,N-diethylallylamine, vinyl sulfonamide, sodium acrylate, sodium methacrylate, ammonium acrylate, ammonium methacrylate, acrylamidopropanetriethylammonium chloride, methacrylamidopropane-triethylammonium chloride, vinyl-pyridine hydrochloride, sodium vinyl phosphonate and sodium 1-methylvinylphosphonate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, sodium 1-methylvinyl-sulfonate, sodium styrenesulfonate, sodium acrylamidopropanesulfonate, sodium methacrylamidopropanesulfonate, and sodium vinyl morpholine sulfonate, allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate, butenyl acrylate, undecenyl acrylate, undecenyl methacrylate, vinyl acrylate, and vinyl methacrylate; dienes such as butadiene and isoprene; esters of saturated glycols or diols with unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, such as, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, trimethylol propane trimethacrylate and polyfunctional aromatic compounds such as divinylbenzene and the like.
[0041] As was noted above, the term �composite� means that the colorant particles prepared by the above-described process comprise at least two physical phases. The phase domains are not separated apart from each other and there are bonds or interfaces between them.
[0042] While the composite colorant particles of the invention described herein are illustrated for use in ink jet inks, they may also have other applications such as, e.g., in paints, inks for writing pens, markers, cosmetic products, etc. The composite colorant polymer particles may also be mixed with an organic solvent to form an ink, if desired.
[0043] In forming an ink jet ink, it is desirable to make the composite colorant particles in the form of a concentrate. The concentrate is then diluted with an appropriate solvent to a concentration best for viscosity, color, hue, saturation density, and print area coverage for the particular application. Acceptable viscosities for such inks, as determined using a Brookfield apparatus and related methods, are generally not greater than 20 centipoise, and are preferably in the range of about 1 to 15 centipoise.
[0044] The composite colorant particles of the invention can comprise up to about 30% by weight of an ink jet ink composition, and preferably from about 0.05 to 15 wt. %. Co-solvents or a humectant can also be added to the ink composition to help prevent the ink from drying out or crusting in the orifices of the printhead. Classes of co-solvents and humectants which may be employed include, but are not limited to, monohydric alcohols with carbon chains greater than about 10 carbon atoms such as decanol, dodecanol, oleoyl alcohol, stearoyl alcohol, hexadecanol, eicosanol, polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, alcohol, diethylene glycol(DEG), triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol(EHMP), 1,5 pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol and thioglycol; -lower alkyl mono- or di-ethers derived from alkylene glycols, such as ethylene glycol mono-methyl or mono-ethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-methyl or mono-ethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-methyl or mono-ethyl ether, triethylene glycol mono-methyl or mono-ethyl ether, diethylene glycol di-methyl or di-ethyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) monobutyl ether (PEGMBE), and diethylene glycol monobutylether(DEGMBE); nitrogen-containing compounds, such as urea, 2-pyrrolidinone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone; and sulfur-containing compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide and tetramethylene sulfone.
[0045] In an ink jet ink, the polymer phase composition can be selected to maximize the compatibility of the composite particles with the organic solvent used in the formulation, and to maximize the interaction with the substrate where the ink is applied. The maximized compatibility with the organic solvent produces long term storage stability, and the maximized interaction with the substrate improves the adhesion or smudge resistance of the image area.
[0046] A biocide may be added to an ink jet ink composition to suppress the growth of micro-organisms such as molds, fungi, etc. in aqueous inks. A preferred biocide for an ink composition is Proxel� GXL (Zeneca Specialties Co.) at a final concentration of 0.0001-0.5 wt. %. Additional additives which may optionally be present in an ink jet ink composition include thickeners, conductivity enhancing agents, anti-kogation agents, drying agents, waterfast agents, dye solubilizers, chelating agents, binders, light stabilizers, viscosifiers, buffering agents, anti-mold agents, anti-curl agents, stabilizers and defoamers.
[0047] Ink jet inks made using composite colorant particles of this invention are employed in ink jet printing wherein liquid ink drops are applied in a controlled fashion to an ink receptive substrate, by ejecting ink droplets from plurality of nozzles, or orifices, in a print head of ink jet printers.
[0048] Commercially available ink jet printers use several different methods to control the deposition of the ink droplets. Such methods are generally of two types: continuous stream and drop-on-demand.
[0049] In drop-on-demand systems, a droplet of ink is ejected from an orifice directly to a position on the ink receptive layer by pressure created by, for example, a piezoelectric device, an acoustic device, or a thermal process controlled in accordance digital data signals. An ink droplet is not generated and ejected through the orifices of the print head unless it is needed. Ink jet printing methods, and related printers, are commercially available and need not be described in detail.
[0050] Inkjet inks using composite colorant particles of this invention can be employed in inkjet printing wherein liquid ink drops are applied in a controlled fashion to an ink receptive layer substrate, by ejecting ink droplets from the plurality of nozzles, or orifices, in a print head of ink jet printers
[0051] Ink-receptive substrates useful in ink jet printing are well known to those skilled in the art. Representative examples of such substrates are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,605,750; 5,723,211; and 5,789,070 and EP 813 978 A1, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0052] The following examples illustrate the utility of the present invention.
[0053] The following pigment dispersions were prepared:
[0054] The above components were milled in a 2 liter double walled vessel obtained from BYK-Gardner using a high energy media mill manufactured by Morehouse-Cowles Hochmeyer. The mill was run for approximately 8 hours at room temperature. The dispersion was separated from the milling media by filtering the millgrind through a 4-8 μm KIMAX� Buchner Funnel obtained from VWR Scientific Products.
[0055] This dispersion was prepared the same as the black pigment dispersion except that Pigment Red 122 (Sunfast Quinacridone Pigment obtained from Sun Chemical Corporation) was used instead of the black pigment.
[0056] This dispersion was prepared the same as the black pigment dispersion except that Pigment Yellow 155 (Clariant Corp.) was used instead of the black pigment.
[0057] This dispersion was prepared the same as the black pigment dispersion except that Pigment Blue 15:3, (Sun Chemical Co.) was used instead of the black pigment.
[0058] A stirred reactor containing 60 g of the magenta dispersion was heated to 85� C. and purged with N2 for 2 hour. 0.03 g of initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in 1 gram of toluene was then added to the reactor. An emulsion containing 30 g of deionized water, 0.5 g of sodium dodecyl sulfonate surfactant, 0.03 g of initiator, AIBN, 4.5 g of methyl methacrylate, 1.2 g of methacrylic acid, and 0.3 g of divinyl benzene was added continuously for 2 hours. The reaction was allowed to continue for 4 more hours before the reactor was cooled down to room temperature. The composite colorant particles dispersed in water (composite colorant particle dispersion) were then filtered through glass fibers to remove any coagulum. The particles made contain about 50% by weight of a colorant phase and about 50% by weight of a polymer phase. The composite colorant particle dispersion produced is designated as Composite Colorant Particle Dispersion 1.
[0059] Composite Colorant Particle Dispersions 2 to 21 were prepared in a similar manner to Composite Colorant Particle Dispersion 1 except as follows: Composite Colorant Particle Dispersions 2 to 15 contained polymers having the compositions as listed in Table 1; Composite Colorant Particle Dispersions 16 and 17 used the Black Pigment Dispersion as the colorant phase, the polymers as listed in Table 1 and the initiator was sodium persulfate (NaPS); Composite Colorant Particle Dispersions 18 and 19 used the Yellow Pigment Dispersion and the polymers as listed in Table 1; and Composite Colorant Particle Dispersions 20 and 21 used the Cyan Pigment Dispersion and the polymers as listed in Table 1. The particle size was measured by a Microtrac Ultra Fine Particle Analyzer (Leeds and Northrup) at a 50% median value. These results are also in Table 1. The term, �mean particle size� means that 50 % by weight of the particles have a particle size less than that number.
[0060] A stirred reactor containing 60 g of Pigment Red 122 magenta prepared in Example 1 was heated to 80� C. and purged with N2 for 2 hours. A monomer emulsion mixture containing 30 g of deionized water, 0.5 g of sodium dodecyl sulfonate surfactant, 0.06 g of an initiator, AIBN, 4.5 g of methyl methacrylate, 1.2 g of methacrylic acid, and 0.3 g of divinyl benzene was added continuously for 2 hours. The reaction was allowed to continue for 4 more hours before the reactor was cooled down to room temperature. The composite colorant particle dispersion prepared was filtered to remove any coagulum. The particles made contain about 50% by weight of a colorant phase and about 50% by weight of a polymer phase.
[0061] The procedure used to prepare Comparative Colorant Particle Dispersion C-1 is similar to the same one used to prepare Composite Colorant Particle Dispersion 1 (Invention) except that no addition polymerization initiator was added to the reactor before the addition of the monomer emulsion mixture.
[0062] A stirred reactor containing 60 g of the Black Pigment Dispersion, 0.06 g of potassium persulfate, 30 g of water, 4.5 g of methyl methacrylate, 1.2 g of methacrylic acid, 0.3 g of divinyl benzene and 0.5 g of sodium dodecyl sulfonate was heated to 80� C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reactor was kept at 80� C. for more than 4 hours and then cooled down. The final product prepared was filtered to remove any coagulum. This preparation is different from the invention process in that it is a batch emulsion polymerization process, by which the polymerizable monomers, colorant, and initiator were mixed together before being subjected to emulsion polymerization conditions.
[0063] The above prepared dispersions were used to prepare inks 1-21, which contained Composite Colorant Particle Dispersions 1-21, 22 which contained the Black Pigment Dispersion, 23 which contained the Magenta Pigment Dispersion, 24 which contained the Yellow Pigment Dispersion, 25 which contained the Cyan Pigment Dispersion, 26 which contained Comparative Colorant Dispersion C-1, and 27 which contained Comparative Colorant Dispersion C-2.
[0064] A typical ink formulation comprises, in addition to the colorant dispersion, 2.5 wt. % of Dowanol� DPM, 23 wt. % of triethylene glycol, 10 wt. % glycerol, and 0.2 wt. % of Strodex� PK-90. The final ink pH was adjusted to 8.5 using triethanol amine. The concentration of colorant in the ink is about 2.5 wt. %. (this being the colorant phase of the composite colorant particles prepared above).
[0065] The inks were placed in a sample bottle made of glass and allowed to stand at 60� C. for up to one week. At the end of the week, the particle size was measured as described above.
[0066] If the mean particle size of the ink measured by UPA has growth less than 10% between the fresh ink and the ink after one week, the ink storage stability was defined as �excellent�; growth from 10% to 20% was defined as �good�; growth from 20% to 50% was defined as �poor�; and growth more than 50% was defined as �very poor�. The results are listed in Table 2 below.
[0067] The inks were coated onto the following ink jet receiver substrates: Epson Premium Gloss, Konica QP, and Kodak Photographic InkJet Paper. After coating, the ink was allowed to dry for 10 minutes. The apparently dried ink was then immediately tested for dry rubbing resistance and wet rubbing resistance. For dry finger rubbing resistance, the ink was rubbed with a dry finger. For wet finger rubbing resistance, a drop of water was placed on the dried ink area before performing the finger-rubbing test.
[0068] The rubbing resistance was evaluated in terms of a color change. The rubbing resistance is rated �excellent� if no visible color change was observed �good� slight color change was observed, and �poor� if significant served. The following results were obtained:
[0069] The above results show that an ink formulated from particles of the invention has good stability and has good or excellent resistance to abrasion, as compared to inks using particles prepared by prior art methods.
[0070] The above-prepared inks which had good storage stability were filled into disposable Epson 440 color and black ink cartridges and loaded into an Epson 440 jet printer. Images were printed onto the ink jet receiver substrates listed above. The image quality was acceptable. The finger dry rub test and wet evaluated as above. The results are summarized in
[0071] The above results show that an ink formulated from particles of the invention has good or excellent resistance to abrasion, as compared to inks using particles prepared by prior art methods.
[0072] A dispersion of the Composite Colorant Particles of the invention and Comparative Colorant Particles were tested for stability. Composite Colorant Particle Dispersion 1-21 and Comparative Colorant Particle Dispersions C-1 and C-2 were mixed with acetone at 1% by weight. After mixing and shaking, the dispersions were observed occulation after certain periods of time. The following results were obtained:
[0073] The above results show that dispersions of the composite colorant particles of the invention were stable after 20 minutes, while those of the prior art flocculated after 1 minute or 15 minutes.
[0074] The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
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text:
A device for storing and serially dispensing cards, typically those impregnated with a perfumed scent for sampling by a perspective customer. The device stores a number of cards arranged in a substantially vertical stack. The cards are moved to a dispensing point by a spring loaded carriage into a dispensing mechanism which serially removes a leading card from the stack, changes its position to horizontal and ejects it through an opening in the front of the device as a lever is manually depressed.
1. A lever operated device for dispensing cards, comprising: a floor plate element, a carriage element, a chassis element, and a manually operated card advancement; said floor plate element including a horizontally positioned plate having a first generally planar surface for supporting a longitudinally oriented stack of cards, and an arcuate surface communicating with said planar surface adapted to serially engage individual cards from said stack at a lower edge thereof, and guide said cards to horizontal orientation prior to discharge at one end of said floor plate element; said carriage element being mounted upon said floor plate element for sliding movement, and being resiliently urged toward said one end thereof to engage said stack of cards; said chassis element including front, rear, and a pair of side walls defining an enclosure, and overlying said floor plate element at said one end thereof, said card advancement element being mounted within said enclosure and having manually actuable means projecting outwardly of said enclosure for imparting incremental movement, said card advancement element including at least one friction wheel projecting outwardly of said enclosure driven by said manually actuable means for engaging a leading card in said stack and with a single reciprocating movement driving said card into contact with said arcuate surface completely advancing said card out of contact with said stack from a substantially vertical position to a horizontal position away from said stack for dispensing.
2. A device in accordance with claim 1, said card advancement element including a crank operated ratchet and pawl structure mounted within said chassis element.
This invention relates generally to the field of dispensing devices for substantially flat card-like articles of relatively small dimension, typically, impregnated paper cards carrying the scent of a particular perfume or toilet water which may be sampled at the display counter of a store. Devices of this general type are known in the art, and the invention lies in specific constructional details which provide improved facility in operation while minimizing wastage.
In many prior art devices of this type, both construction and operation are relatively simple. The cards are positioned in a substantially vertical stack within a container, with a dispensing opening adjacent a bottom wall for the insertion of a finger to frictionally engage a lower surface of the bottom card in the stack and move it through the opening. The cards are fed under the action of gravity, or in some cases, a lid is provided on its lower surface with resilient means to urge the stack downwardly.
While such structures are suitable for dispensing such articles as ordinary business cards, or individual cards used in playing a board game or the like, such articles as perfume impregnated cards are relatively expensive to manufacture, and simple dispensers lend themselves to multiple extraction by customers who might prefer to obtain a small assortment of perfumes without actual purchase. When this occurs, the dispensing device is quickly emptied, and if not relatively promptly refilled, its primary function is disabled.
It is known in the art to provide for the dispensing of individual towels from a roll or web of material in which the user is required to perform a manual operation in order to cause a length of the towel to protrude from the dispenser where it can be manually grasped prior to tearing the same from the web. In some cases, a time delay mechanism forms part of the mechanism, so that only one piece of tiling may be retracted over a short period of time. Such devices are suitable where the dispenser is permanently mounted upon a wall or other surface, and may require a source of electric power for operation. By contrast, countertop devices are best wholly contained to facilitate portability and relocation upon a countertop.
Briefly stated, the invention contemplates the provision of an improved device of the class described which is reasonably compact in overall configuration while having the capability of storing a relatively large number of specialized cards for individual dispensing. Further, the device includes a dispensing mechanism which must be manually operated by the user to obtain an individual card which is subsequently located at a dispensing slot for further manual engagement and removal. This dispensing operation requires a short time period which may be further extended by a timing mechanism, if desired, so that a potential customer would be consciously aware that she would be noticed if she continued to operate the dispensing device for more than such short period of time.
To accomplish this end, the device provides for the maintenance of undispensed cards in a substantially horizontally positioned stack in which cards are advanced from the rear of the device toward the front for dispensing. In the process of being dispensed, individual cards are serially removed from the stack by rotating friction wheels which guide the separated card from a substantially vertical plane to a substantially horizontal plane for removal. The friction wheels can only be advanced in a single direction in incremental manner caused by manual actuation of a manually operated crank supported upon a side wall of the device.
In the drawings, to which reference will be made in the specification, similar reference characters have been employed to designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 is a view in perspective of a floor plate assembly comprising a part of a disclosed embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a view in perspective of a latch element forming part of the floor plate assembly.
FIG. 3 is a view in perspective of a carriage element slidably mounted upon the floor plate assembly.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary exploded view thereof.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view showing a manually operated crank means.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the crank means.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a pawl plate assembly.
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view of a gear train element operated by the crank means shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a chassis assembly.
FIG. 10 is a second perspective view of the chassis assembly as seen from the right-hand portion of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the embodiment in fully assembled condition.
FIG. 12 is a view in perspective corresponding to that seen in FIG. 3, showing an alternate form of carriage.
In accordance with the invention, the device, generally indicated by reference character 10, comprises broadly: a floorplate element 11, a carriage element 12, a chassis element 13, and a card advancement element 14.
Referring to FIG. 1, the floorplate element 11 may be most conveniently formed as a synthetic resinous molding. The upper surface thereof includes a first planar zone 21 and a curved card deflecting zone 22. A stack of dispensable cards 23 is normally supported on a plurality of friction controlled ribs 24, preferably four in number.
Referring to zone 21, a floorplate surface 27 includes a longitudinally extending slot 28 having a rear end 29 and an open front end 30. A pair of card guide ribs 30 and 31 are positioned to engage the side edges of the cards and maintain the stack in alignment. A tab aperture 33 accommodates a carriage element latching means (FIG. 2). Mounting bosses 34 and 35 are provided with mounting holes 36 and 37 to enable the device to be permanently secured to a counter (not shown) or other horizontal supporting structure, if desired.
The card deflecting zone 22 commences at a transition point 40 and includes a plurality of friction ribs 41, 42, 43, and 44 terminating at points 46, 47, 48, and 49. A central flat floor 50 defines a spring anchoring aperture 51. Depressed bosses 55 and 56 define additional mounting holes 56 and 57. Card guide wall extensions 58 and 59 overlying the zone 22 are provided with mounting notches 60 and 61 for engaging the chassis element 13, as will more fully appear.
The carriage element 12 serves to resiliently urge a stack of cards toward the chassis element 13 where the outer surface of the lead card becomes engaged by the card advancement element 14. It includes first and second symmetrically shaped members 70 and 71 joined at a center line 72. An angled front surface 73 is positioned ahead of a finger pull depression 74 behind which is situated an opening 75 for a lock release button 76. A pair of angularly shaped shoes 77 and 78 provide for sliding engagement within a slot 62.
A spring recess 79 includes a pair of aligned transfer bores 80 and 81 which support the shaft 82 of a spring spool 83 having a constant force or negator spring 84. The button 76 is supported by a coil spring 85. The lower end 86 of the button engages a resilient latch member 87 (FIG. 2) including a projection 88 which projects through a rectangular opening 89 to engage the carriage element when in retracted condition.
During assembly of the device, the carriage element 12 will be assembled on the floor plate 11 prior to positioning of the chassis element 13.
The chassis element 13 is mounted upon the floor plate element 11 in the area of the card deflecting zone 22, and is best understood from a consideration of FIGS. 9 and 12 in the drawing. It substantially encloses the card advancement element 14. It is of generally rectangular configuration, including a forward wall 138, a rear wall 139, and side walls 140 and 141. Each side wall includes an engagement tab 114-115 engaging corresponding notches in the side wall extensions of the floor plate element 11 (see FIG. 11).
The card advancement element 14, as has been mentioned, is positioned within the chassis element 13. It includes a driving axle 95 and a driven axle 96. The driving axle 95 mounts a crank assembly 97 including a crank 98, a crank arm 99, and a shaft assembly 100. The assembly 100 includes a shoulder 101 which forms a bearing surface 102 for the crank as well as a non-circular portion 103 (FIGS. 5 and 6).
Referring to FIG. 7, a pawl plate 110 includes a non-circular opening 111 which engages the portion 103 and is held in position by any suitable fastening means (not shown). A set screw 107 permits adjustment of the effective length of the assembly 100 as required.
The pawl plate 110 (FIG. 7) supports a pawl axle or pintle 113 disposed beneath a flanged top 114 of the plate 110. A pawl 115 is supported on the axle 113 and urged downwardly by a small spring 116. A return spring (not shown) moves the crank to its uppermost position between stops 124 and 125 (FIG. 11), or the operation may be entirely manual in both directions, thus requiring slightly more time between discharge cycles.
Referring to FIG. 8, the driving axle 95 carries main gear 120 and ratchet wheel 121. The driven axle 96 carries a driven pinion 130 and rubber covered drive wheels 131 and 132 which project through openings 133 (FIG. 10) to engage the exposed surface of the lead card of the stack. Friction rails 134 are positioned adjacent the openings 133 (FIG. 10) and provide proper alignment of the lead card.
Operation will be readily apparent from a consideration of FIG. 11. Manually applied downward pressure on the crank results in clockwise rotation of the friction wheels which serve to move the lead card in the stack downwardly to be engaged by the rails of the curved zone 22 whereby the lead or bottom edge of the card is projected outwardly for manual engagement. Manual removal of the card advances the stack so that the cycle may be repeated. As the crank is lifted and the axle 95 is rotated clockwise, the ratchet mechanism enables the wheels 131 and 132 to remain stationary. This cycle is repeated until the stack of cards is exhausted, at which time the supply may be renewed by moving the carriage element 12 rightwardly as seen in FIG. 11.
Referring to FIG. 12, when running cards with thicker samples on the rear face thereof, it may be necessary to modify the face of the carriage element. Thus, in the modification shown in FIG. 12, the carriage face 150 is provided with a lower projection 151 and a resilient plate 152 suspended on foam 153. This construction helps to maintain even pressure at the front of the stack where the leading cards meet the feed wheels. With this construction, the sponge backed plate will recede until the last one or two cards are dispensed, at which point it will supply a slight pressure to allow even the last card to be dispensed without difficulty.
In essence, the invention provides novel and inventive structure which prevents rapid removal of successive cards from a stack. Instead, the dispensing of each successive card requires a series of actions on the part of the user including the operation of the crank in both directions with a separate grasping motion necessary to remove each card from the device. An attempt to rapidly operate the device through successive cycles will normally attract the attention of a sales person who is enabled to take such steps with respect to the user as may be necessary. Normally, a mere glance will suffice to create sufficient embarrassment on the part of the user to halt such procedure.
The device is most conveniently manufactured almost entirely from synthetic resinous parts at a relatively low cost of production, and, should servicing be required, any of the component parts can normally be replaced without tools by persons possessing only ordinary skills.
I wish it to be understood that I do not consider the invention to be limited to the precise details of structure shown and set forth in the specification, for obvious modifications will occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
Patent Citations
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Ecko Unltd. Chaos 2 Ear Buds
Classic style of headphones with logos on the outer surface of the earbuds. One meter cable with inline microphone and volume control compatible with iPods, iPhones and Android smartphones. Comes with three sizes of ear-piece gels.
Black Shown. Other Colors Available:
Login Here to rate and review this product.
27-070 - 3.5mm - Plastic Mono In-Line Male
Solder type
In-line male
Type: Mono
Case: Plastic
Minimum ten per order
35-4180 - In Line Headphone Volume Control
In-Line Headphone Volume Control
Adds convenience to any headphone that does not provide a local volume control. Simply plugs into the sound source and provides a 3.5mm jack for connecting existing headphones. Great for use with audio equipment with unusually hig...
555-2722 - Four Output 1/4 and 1/8 Headphone Amplifier
Eight Output Stereo Headphone Amp
Ideal for virtually any home or project studio, the ARTcessories HeadAmp4 easily adds additional headphone outputs to any mixer, computer audio interface, workstation, iPod, media player or laptop without creating any additional ...
22-15195 - Wire Stripper and Cutter
This versatile tool easily strips and cuts solid (8~20AWG) and stranded (8~22AWG) wire. Also crimps insulated and non-insulated terminals along with 7 to9mm ignition terminals. Narrow, serrated plier nose can pull, loop and bend wire.
22-15416 - Three Piece Tool Box Set - Sizes: 18", 19.5", 21"
Set of three toolboxes made of sturdy metal and plastic to store, protect and organize tools. Two hinges with metal latches ensure case stays closed during transport.
22-3495 - 105 Piece Security and Standard Screwdriver Bit Set
This complete set includes security bits to remove tamper resistant screws found in many of today's popular electronics as well as standard bits for more common fasteners. This kit also includes a heavy duty ratchet screwdriver with forward, reverse, and conventio...
MCM Cat 57, Page 207
MCM Cat 56, Page 069
I have always had the best of service and response from MCM. Highly recommended!


text: Disney 1 to 10 of 54 articlesPrevious page123456Next page The evolution of Disney's opening credits logo News post details 5:02 PM, 26 March 2015 From its simple turreted beginnings to the computer-generated fairytale of modern-day Disney classics, watch back every version from the past 30 years... Beauty and the Beast: what we know so far News post details 8:16 AM, 17 March 2015 It's a tale as old as time but the newest adaptation starring Emma Watson and Dan Stevens has the whole internet buzzing Who is Kirby and why is he trending worldwide? News post details 4:07 PM, 11 March 2015 #RIP Kirby Tim Burton set to direct Disney's live action Dumbo News post details 8:35 AM, 11 March 2015 The Beetlejuice and Alice in Wonderland director is poised to make an elephant fly in Disney's remake of the 1941 animated classic Lego and Disney to retell entire Star Wars saga from R2-D2 and C-3PO's perspective News post details 8:24 AM, 03 March 2015 New five part Disney series Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales will tell the story from the view-point of R2 and 3PO Disney's live-action Cinderella is destined to be a timeless classic News post details 10:13 AM, 27 February 2015 Director Kenneth Branagh brings a confident lightness of touch to the most famous rags-to-riches story of them all, says Alan Jones Could Ryan Gosling be the Beast to Emma Watson's Beauty? News post details 9:24 AM, 07 February 2015 The Hollywood rumour mill has given us a Gosling-shaped offering – and we're pretty excited.... Elsa, Anna and Olaf return in first look at Frozen's short film sequel News post details 8:19 AM, 03 February 2015 The gang are back together for Frozen Fever – a summery follow-up to the 2013 Disney smash hit – AND they're singing a brand new song... Disney's Frozen will defrost your cynicism News post details 7:45 AM, 25 December 2014 Andrew Collins explains why no matter what your age you should watch the highest-grossing animated film of all time Disneyland Star Wars attractions to be based on new films News post details 7:40 AM, 11 December 2014 The new theme park rides will have "a blend of the past, present and maybe the future" says Disney CEO Bob Iger 1 to 10 of 54 articlesPrevious page123456Next page


text:
Raymond Dissing (1922 - 2007)
Biography & Family History Add details
Raymond Dissing (1922 - 2007) was born on May 15, 1922. He was born into the Dissing family.
He died on August 19, 2007 at 85 years old.
Raymond Dissing's last known residence is at Carmichael, Sacramento County, California.
The data on this page comes from the official record for Raymond Dissing in the SSDI (United States Social Security Master Death Index). What is the SSDI?
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- Last Known Residence
- Carmichael, Sacramento County, California
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text:
Help with Pool Fence Code
Here's my current deal. One part of the yard is about to have a retaining wall built where a step up fence would go.
My town has a 5 foot regulation and this exact area where the step up would occur is not 5 Feet. For example, the child could be on wall and the height of the wall would only be 3.5 feet at this very point.
Anyone have any ideas on how to get this to code?
I am debating on not putting in a wall in this area and just grading it so the fence goes up the grade maintaining a consistant five feet. Would rather not break up the wall though. The view you are seeing below is more of a cross view as the fence intersects with the wall. The wall is being built Mon/Tues of next week.
Thanks for any suggestions.
These fence codes are ridiculous. I live on a lake and I need to change the swing on my 5' iron gate so that it opens outward. Presumably so that small children cannot push it in and gain access to the pool. The silly part is that the lake edge is only 10' away from the gate. It would be funny if it weren't so incredibly stupid!!!
All that being said you could consider extending the upper section a bit past grade then making a small section that is 6 1/2'. You should check to ensure this will pass but there won't be any sections that are less than the 5' requirement.
Here is my retaining wall:
The fence is going around our pool only (we are paranoid about our kids, or others, on the swingset, then running into the pool).
It is going to go in between the two paved parts as shown (with the gate in the middle of the path). The fence will go up the wall to about where the temporary fence is and cut across. So we have to worry about how it will look in several places (BTW, it is going to be 5' black aluminum fence). Since the wall is about 3.5-4' at that point and the fence is 5' I am worried about how it is going to look. The fence guy didn't sound too promising, as he said "sometimes people hang flowers at the edge of the fence so it isn't so noticeable that there is 10' high fence that drops down to 5'"....
I am thinking about some custom made solution just for that part. It might cost some extra $, but we are already spending soooo much, it is "in the noise" (I have used the phrase so many times, our costs are up 50% more then we wanted to spend).


text:
Firing of LAPD cop who leaked Rihanna assault photo upheld
Former officer Rebecca Reyes took a picture of an evidence photo and the image ended up on celebrity website TMZ, although she denies that she sent it to the site
By Anthony McCartney
Associated Press
LOS ANGELES — A police officer who distributed an evidence photo depicting Rihanna's injuries after she was attacked by Chris Brown was properly fired for her actions, a judge ruled Thursday.
Former Los Angeles police officer Rebecca Reyes took a picture of an evidence photo and the image ended up on celebrity website TMZ, although she denies that she sent it to the site.
Reyes snapped the photo to show to other officers and acquaintances, court filings state.
The image was one of several taken by police officers investigating Brown's February 2009 attack on Rihanna, whose real name is Robyn Fenty.
Superior Court Judge Luis A. Lavin issued a ruling agreeing with the decisions of a disciplinary panel and Police Chief Charlie Beck to fire Reyes in 2012. After reviewing the record, Lavin also concluded that evidence supports that Ryes "participated in the release of the photography showing Ms. Fenty's injuries to TMZ."
The judge said he agreed that Reyes should no longer be a police officer.
"At a minimum, the public is entitled to protection from unprofessional employees whose conduct places people at risk of injury and the government at risk of incurring liability," Lavin's wrote in his ruling.
Reyes' attorney Ira Salzman accepted the ruling without argument during a brief hearing Thursday. He said after the hearing that he was disappointed by the ruling and reiterated that his client did not leak the image to TMZ. He disagreed with Lavin's descriptions of his client as unprofessional, saying she "made a singular mistake."
"Rebecca Reyes is an outstanding person and was an outstanding officer," he said.
Reyes had been an officer for 10 years before she was fired. In the hours after the Rihanna attack, Reyes was assigned to a team planning to arrest Brown but was pulled off the assignment. She saw an evidence photo of Rihanna's injuries at her precinct and snapped a photo to share with others, including a former girlfriend who records show called TMZ.
The ex-girlfriend, also a Los Angeles police officer, told investigators she called the celebrity news site only to verify details of the attack that Reyes shared with her.
Salzman said Reyes' ex-girlfriend, Blanca Lopez, remains on the force and that the person who leaked the photo "has never been found and never will be."
Reyes and Lopez were in the midst of a breakup when the photo was leaked and both were investigated for their actions. Search warrants found no evidence of payments to either woman by TMZ, or conclusive proof of who gave the site the image.
Brown is currently in a Los Angeles jail held without bail after he was arrested March 14 for failing to remain in rehab as ordered by a judge. The rehab stay was part of his sentence for the Rihanna attack and his guilty plea on a felony assault charge.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press
Copyright 2015 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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Firing of LAPD cop who leaked Rihanna assault photo upheld
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Opinion Line Extra (Feb. 6)
If Kansas is looking at new school science standards that are internationally benchmarked, you can bet those are being forced on America by the United Nations to take away our liberty. And they won't have the important stuff, like the right way to line your hat with aluminum foil.
State legislators should not waste time, and that means tax money, discussing anything about making pot legal. They have much more important business to take care of and always will.
The sooner the 2016 presidential race distracts Gov. Sam Brownback, the better. Someone please feed his ego by assuring him he can win, but only if he immediately devotes all efforts to his campaign. The destructively unpalatable fruit born of his actions here will certainly, by 2016, doom his campaign.
I find the railing about conservatives taking over the Republican Party amusing, when there wasn't a peep when the communists took over the Democrat Party.
If President Obama decides to run for third term, I will probably vote for him.
At Obama's inaugural address, he said that failing to take action on climate change "would betray our children and future generations." Apparently he's not concerned about the mounting debt affecting our children and future generations. It seems that the debt is much more problematic than climate change.
First, I don't worship my guns. Second, I don't buy the premise that having a gun and following Christ are mutually exclusive. And third, although it's true the Lord created man equal, guns ensure they stay that way.
The reason for allowing women in combat is that they are running out of men.
It's only a short time until women's libbers complain there aren't an equal number of female officers in the military.
The U.S. Postal Service gave the Lance Armstrong cycling team a $31.9 million deal. Is it any wonder it loses money? When was the last time you said to yourself, "Yeah, I gotta go out and mail some stuff"? The post office is a prime example of inefficiency.
Nothing could be worse than a hypocritical Baptist, and you know who you are.
To the man in the red T-shirt who walked through Dillons coughing, then made a rude face when I told him he should cover his mouth: Thank you for spreading your nasty germs to the rest of us. If generosity comes in all forms, I hope you get your share.
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The Stylus, Brockport's Student-run Newspaper
|Mar 25, 2015
|Brockport Appoints New Dean Mark Kittleson, PhD, to become next dean of the School of Health and Human Performance
|Mar 25, 2015
|Brockport Public Administration Department to Host Two Community Leaders Maggie Brooks and Ed Doherty to deliver lectures at the Brockport MetroCenter
|Mar 20, 2015
|Student Choreography Highlighted in DANCE/Hartwell The dance performance begins April 9, 2015 at 7:30 pm
|Mar 6, 2015
|Maria Zemantauski Plays Flamenco Guitar at The College at Brockport Percussionist Brian Melick is Featured Guest
|Mar 4, 2015
|The College at Brockport Sponsors Initial START-UP NY Company Precision Optical Transceivers to Receive Economic Incentives to Relocate and Expand
|Feb 24, 2015
|Brockport�s Tunnel of Oppression Aims to Eliminate Discrimination Interactive, guided tour educates and provokes thought among participants
|Feb 24, 2015
Darrell Jones's latest work
|Feb 23, 2015
|Gendered Journeys Explores Feminism and Female Empowerment in Eastern Europe Gendered Journeys: Art and Activism of Melissa Potter and Miriam Schaer is the next exhibition at the Tower Fine Arts Center Gallery at The College at Brockport.
|Feb 18, 2015
|�Working with the Writer in the Room� is the Theme of the Next Stage Whispers Talk Actress Julia Brothers is the Guest
|Feb 13, 2015
|Ninth Festival of Ten Features 10-Minute Plays Chosen from International Search This program premiers Friday, February 27, 2015 at 7:30 in the Tower Fine Arts Center Mainstage
|Feb 11, 2015
|Lt. Governor Kathy Hochul Visits Brockport Hochul presents Governor Cuomo�s 2015 Opportunity Agenda
|Feb 4, 2015
|Mayor Lovely Warren Delivers Annual Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Lecture Warren�s speech focuses on the need to eliminate poverty, boost education
|Jan 28, 2015
|Former Ambassador to Discuss Future of the Middle East at Brockport Feb. 12 Ambassador Peter Galbraith to headline the Dr. Sarwat Malik Lecture
|Jan 16, 2015
|Lovely A. Warren to Deliver Brockport�s Martin Luther King, Jr. Lecture Feb. 3 Rochester�s 2nd African-American mayor will address the Brockport community
|Jan 15, 2015
|Brockport Music Faculty Offer a Concert Program includes Bach, Jazz and Indian Folk Music
|Jan 6, 2015
|Novelist Jacinda Townsend to speak at Brockport Feb. 25 The Writers Forum lecture is a featured event for Black History Month
|Jan 5, 2015
|Heart of Glass: �The Next� Exhibition Puts Forth a 21st-Century Studio Glass Movement The exhibition will be on display at the Tower Fine Arts Center Gallery from January 27 through February 22, 2015
|Dec 18, 2014
|The College at Brockport Receives Funding for Academic Success Center State to Provide $3 Million Toward Construction
|Dec 18, 2014
|Happy Holidays From The College at Brockport Campus will reduce operations to essential services until Jan. 5, 2015
|Dec 16, 2014
|BASC Brightens Holidays for Area Elders Brockport Auxiliary Service Corporation gives back to local community
Jobs & Internships Fair
noon - 4 pm
Writers Forum: Suzanne Parker
8 pm
Scholars Day
8 am - 9 pm
MetroCenter Graduate School Open House
5:30 pm - 7 pm
Accepted Student Day
9 am


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10 W Broad St Ste 2300Columbus, OH 43215
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Was £35.00
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Black owl charm cross body bag
Item No.0890101245
This black cross body bag from Mantaray has a zipped pocket and two pouch pockets to the front with gold owl studded popper tab fastenings and brown trims. It has an adjustable strap with an owl charm accessory at the side and a zipped main compartment.
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- HWD: 21 x 32 x 6cm / 8.25 x 12.5 x 2.25 inches
- Two front pouch pockets, one front zip pocket
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- Adjustable strap
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- Outer: 100% polyurethane
- Lining: 100% polyester
- Wipe clean


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Austal USA combined two classes to graduate a total of 48 members of Austal's cutting-edge four-year apprenticeship program yesterday at a formal ceremony held at the Arthur R.
BAE Systems announced it will invest approximately $100 million to expand drydocking capabilities at its San Diego shipyard.
The investment, which will include
Washington State Ferry M/V Tacoma will return to work on the Seattle/Bainbridge Island route starting March 28 after suffering electrical damage last summer.
A joint venture (JV) between CB&I, Chiyoda International and Zachry Industrial has won a contract worth over $2bn from FLNG Liquefaction 3 for a liquefied natural
The US Coast Guard and the US Maritime Administration (MARAD) have temporarily suspended their review of the proposed Port Ambrose deep-water LNG import terminal.
Citing an increasing need to ensure safety, security and stewardship of Arctic waters, member countries of the Arctic Council gathered at U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters


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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
Congratulations on having the perseverance to post for 1,600+ consecutive days! Good Luck on reaching your next goals!! Warren :)
Congrats on your superb 1600 Consecutive Days achievement!
Thanks for your kudo bud. No, I don't know much about farm equipment. I am sort of a city farm boy. haha
Hey Bob, let me give you A BIG CONGRATS on your 1600 Cons. Days!! Keep up the good work. David...........QQ
dropping by to say hi
Happy Holidays from my family to yours.A prosperous 2015 to you and your family! Harvey
have a happy new year and congrats on 1500cds
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! Hope you and your family have a good one!
1501? Don't you have anything else to do?
Thank you for being my newest GB. That is why.


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wsc54July 8, 2013
Moving and would like to transplant my herb garden, is it possible. Have sage, oregano,savory, thyme, Burnett, tarragon, marjoram.
balloonflower(5b Denver CO, HZ 5-6, Sunset 2b)
I've kept burnett in a large Earthbox for 3 years now. I think if you're careful with it, it should transplant okay, though it is the most tender of what you listed.
I think the thing is to make sure they've had time to adjust and get over the first transplant shock before trying to put them in ground and giving them another transplant shock.


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. Location, Location, Location. This 1/3 acre is cleared and ready for your dream home. This corner lMore info
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order of events
I will soon have my framing done. I will need a series of 8 or so outlets installed. I assume the electrician will run a new wire from the panel. I know this has to be inspected.
Is there one inspection or two or does he just wire everything up and is done then the work is inspected?
This is in a basement.
If at a later date I decide to put in a dropped ceiling and replace the single pull chain bulb fixtures with flourecents and maybe add a few more AND none of this job requires going to the main box; do I need another inspection?
Depends on the jurisdiction. Some will want to see a rough in, some will want to see a final, some both.
Whether permits are required is also an issue of the jurisdiction. Most places if you ask they will say you need them. Generally, replacing one light fixture with another doesn't required a permit, but coupled with a drop ceiling, your jurisdiction may have other ideas. "Going to the main box" is usually NOT a criteria.
Sounds like you'll be adding another circuit or two and I'd guess that most building departments will want a permit and associated fees. Ask about their inspection process.
Typically building permits are issued for a finite period of time based on the scope of the project (and perhaps your input). If you don't complete the project on time you'll be require to reapply and pay another fee (although you can usually ask for an extension). So it would be nice if you could include the receptacles and lighting on the same permit.


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|Reviews for Wanting The Impossible
| annie.jo.marie chapter 23 . 7/28/2014
but... but... it wasnt' finished. i want more. Great story btw.
| Dauntless Initiate Erics girl chapter 23 . 9/24/2013
omg you have to update soon, you cant just leave us hanging like this! great update
| 19killbella87 chapter 13 . 6/28/2013
ok i was giving this a chance but realy jasper i acting like eddie so why would she ant him back i'm guessing you pretty young because writing bella as a whore is rediculous she needs to put on big girl pants and talk to jasper if he still a stubourn ass then tell him shes a free agent so she can move on to riley but just jumping from bed to bed makes her look like a whore oh nd by the way if jasper catches her with riley only an idiot would see her and jasper togther after that
| 19killbella87 chapter 4 . 6/28/2013
research talk to a criminal lawer women who are for what ever reason to out of it to consent from your own words she was that is rape check your facts other wise great story
| Sweetest of Sins chapter 23 . 6/27/2013
AHHHHH! WHERE R THEY DID THEY GO AND LOOK FOR BELLA AND WHO IS ? I know it's her violent half but what's her name?
| letsjustdance chapter 23 . 6/27/2013
Oh no...where are Jasper, Peter & Char! Did Maria get them? eek! Glad you updated but I hate it when it's a cliffhanger and we have no idea when you'll update again. *hugs*
| toomanycats21 chapter 23 . 6/26/2013
oh please more more please
| Guest chapter 23 . 6/26/2013
oh please update real soon please
| cathy29jes chapter 23 . 6/26/2013
Victoria's ancient history now, but if Jasper , Peter and Char were removed by Maria and her army , she does not know the enemy that just do besides Bella and her demon will destroy all its army,
excellent chapter ,
| traceybuie chapter 23 . 6/26/2013
awesome...loved icky vicky's fear
| twimama77 chapter 23 . 6/26/2013
| Lalina92 chapter 23 . 6/26/2013
yay she's gone but jazz char && pete are missing this can't be good
| 01Katie chapter 23 . 6/26/2013
Can't wait for more.
| Dauntless Initiate Erics girl chapter 22 . 6/20/2013
Nice chapter update cant wait to see where you go with this story. please update soon :)
| chanur chapter 22 . 3/28/2013
Excellent chapter. I loved it. Jasper's feeling are so intence.


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Whipped Coconut Cream
When cans of coconut milk are chilled in the refrigerator, the cream congeals at the top. Whipped with sugar, the cream makes a decadent nondairy topping.
- Yield: Makes 1 1/2 cups
Source: Martha Stewart Living, April 1998
- 3 best-quality cans coconut milk, chilled
- 2 tablespoons superfine sugar
Place a large bowl and whisk in the freezer for 10 minutes. Open the chilled coconut-milk cans, and skim cream from tops. Make sure not to get the thin liquid from bottom of can, or cream will not become stiff when whipped. Place cream and sugar in bowl; whisk until thick and stiff. Store in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 2 hours.
Reviews (1)
mmsrjs 24 Nov, 2007
This is excellent and will be added to my folder. It is a definate keeper. Course I love coconut.


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I'm a fun guy enjoy going out and enjoying life.
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StartUpHire is the place to find President & Chief Operating Officer jobs. Review the list of President & Chief Operating Officer career opportunities to the left. These President & Chief Operating Officer jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
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Location:CA-Pleasanton Job Code:762 Description Ellie Mae (NYSE:ELLI) is a leading provider of enterprise on-demand solutions, including an online network, software and services for the residential mortgage industry. Ellie Mae is leading the mortgage industry into the future,3/25/2015 Pleasanton, CA Save This Job
Tracking Code 62-093 Job Description We are seeking a talented and highly motivated individual to join our team as a Vice President, Manufacturing. This position will report directly to the Chief Operating Officer. Summary: We are looking for a hands-on, lead-by-example,2/23/2015 Lexington, MA Save This Job
Job Number:003742 Job Title:Vice President, Human Resources Number of Openings:1 Job Type (Employment Type):Direct Hire Country:United States State/Province:Illinois City:Chicago Job Schedule:Full Time Level of Education:Four-Year Degree Years of Experience:15 Position3/23/2015 Chicago, IL Save This Job
Company Description Alfresco provides modern software built on open-standards that unlocks the power of business-critical content. With control that IT demands and simplicity that end users love, Alfresco's open source technology enables global organizations to collaborate more3/11/2015 San Mateo, CA Save This Job
More information about this job: Overview: Billtrust is a company that leverages leading technology and a commitment to service to support one of the strongest client lists in business. Respected brands like Kraft Foods, CDW, Toshiba, and Stanley Black & Decker rely on us to2/11/2015 Hamilton, NJ Save This Job
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At Pandora, we're a unique collection of engineers, musicians, designers, marketers, and world-class sellers with a common goal: to enrich lives by delivering effortless personalized music enjoyment and discovery. Peopleâthe listeners, the artists, and our employeesâare2/14/2015 Oakland, CA Save This Job


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you want to say its posssibile to put something between battery and phone and that press cpu on the motherboard then everything works fine???what happened is it possibile?
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Name: Michael A Ballard
Town of residence: Navassa
Political office sought: County Commissioner, District 5
Political affiliation: Democrat
Profession: Pastor
Education: Graduate of North Brunswick High School 1980, Livingstone College 1980-1982, Fayetteville Tech 1982-1983, Cape Fear Community College 1983, University of Phoenix 2008-2009
Family information: I am the father of four, two sons and two daughters, and the proud grandfather of twin boys. I am the eighth child of the late Hardy and Nellie Ballard. I have seven brothers, one sister and one deceased brother. I am a lifelong resident of Brunswick County.
Organizations or affiliations: I am member of AME Zion church, district director of the NAACP for the AME Zion church, former member of TAC, TCC, WMPO, council of government, NCBEMO, Lions Club of Navassa.
Political experience: Town councilman of Navassa from 2001-2011, mayor pro tem from 2009-2011
Why are you running for office?
I am running for office because I can bring a wealth of knowledge to the board of commissioners. I have the desire to serve the citizens of Brunswick County in moving the county forward to make it better for all to have a voice that will fight for them. The county is moving in a new direction and we need elected officials that will move the county forward and not backward. I care and want to make a difference for all of Brunswick County citizens.
What do you believe are the top three issues? 1. Unemployment. 2. Water and sewer. 3. Services for senior citizens.
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Halunen & Associates, a law firm that specializes in construction material lawsuits, is investigating a class action lawsuit against MW Windows for leaking and rotting windows.
You can contact them at http://www.halunenlaw.com or (866) 523-8533.
- Forum >
- Windows & Doors >
- Rotting Sills with MW windows
Three years and six months in our latest home. 45 plus MW windows. After reading these posts, I got out a flashlight and looked at over half of the MWs. Especially the ones prone to high winds and rain from common "nor'easters" and other high wind and rain in SE North Carolina. No sign of rot or unusual destruction. I wonder if other brands of windows and doors have similar problems like a lot of your posts describe. Good luck, and stay dry!
I am in on any class action lawsuit against m&w windows. Have several m&w windows leaking. Two large picture windows, at $1400 each, in two center dormers that have leaked, even after trying to seal them with silicon and ruined the drywall below them to name just two. Do not use m&w windows, even if they are given to you!!!
So how do I get info about the lawsuit. My house was built in 2002, I settled in 2003, and whenever it rains, there are stains on the window sills. I have a garage full of replacement sills that I have not installed...this will be the 3rd installment
If anyone knows more about this I would like to know. I have at lease 30 windows plus 3 sets of sliding glass doors that are rotting. I had to screw the fixed panel of one set of doors to the frame yesterday to keep it from falling out. I plan to do further research to see what I can do.
I have had several problems with my mw window. I keep replacing sashes at my expense. My house is only nin years old and these windows and doors are a mess.
You could call the manufacturer and make a complaint with all of the flaws you have found with these windows.
I too have rotting window seals. Is there a suit against MW. I am going to have to replace at least 3 right now.
I have been in our home for 11 years. We noticed that the vinyl clad window sash has wrinkled up and the bare wood is showing. Of course my warranty has expired. No one at M & W would like to talk to me about helping me with this problem. I am interested in being included in the class action suit. Please someone contact me. I have about 30 windows in my house this will not be an easy or inexpensive fix.
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