text:
Google's PageRank: The Math Behind the Search Engine Rebecca S. Wills Department of Mathematics North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695 firstname.lastname@example.com May 1, 2006 Introduction Approximately 94 million American adults use the internet on a typical day [24]. The number one internet activity is reading and writing email. Search engine use is next in line and continues to increase in popularity. In fact, survey findings indicate that nearly 60 million American adults use search engines on a given day. Even though there are many internet search engines, Google, Yahoo!, and MSN receive over 81% of all search requests [27]. Despite claims that the quality of search provided by Yahoo! and MSN now equals that of Google [11], Google continues to thrive as the search engine of choice receiving over 46% of all search requests, nearly double the volume of Yahoo! and over four times the volume of MSN. I use Google's search engine on a daily basis and rarely request information from other search engines. One particular day, I decided to visit the homepages of Google, Yahoo!, and MSN to compare the quality of search results. Coffee was on my mind that day, so I entered the simple query "coffee" in the search box at each homepage. Table 1 shows the top ten (unsponsored) results returned by each search engine. Although ordered differently, two webpages, www.peets.com and www.coffeegeek.com, appear in all three top ten lists. In addition, each pairing of top ten lists has two additional results in common. 1 Order Google Yahoo! MSN 1 www.starbucks.com ( ) www.gevalia.com ( ) www.peets.com (∗) 2 www.coffeereview.com (†) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee ( ) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee ( ) 3 www.peets.com (∗) www.nationalgeographic.com/coffee www.coffeegeek.com (∗) 4 www.coffeegeek.com (∗) www.peets.com (∗) coffeetea.about.com ( ) 5 www.coffeeuniverse.com (†) www.starbucks.com ( ) coffeebean.com 6 www.coffeescience.org www.coffeegeek.com (∗) www.coffeereview.com (†) 7 www.gevalia.com ( ) coffeetea.about.com ( ) www.coffeeuniverse.com (†) 8 www.coffeebreakarcade.com kaffee.netfirms.com/Coffee www.tmcm.com 9 https://www.dunkindonuts.com www.strong-enough.net/coffee www.coffeeforums.com 10 www.cariboucoffee.com www.cl.cam.ac.uk/coffee/coffee.html www.communitycoffee.com Approximate Number of Results: 447,000,000 151,000,000 46,850,246 Shared results for Google, Yahoo!, and MSN (∗); Google and Yahoo! ( ); Google and MSN (†); and Yahoo! and MSN ( ) Table 1: Top ten results for search query "coffee" at www.google.com, www.yahoo.com, and www.msn.com on April 10, 2006 Depending on the information I hoped to obtain about coffee by using the search engines, I could argue that any one of the three returned better results; however, I was not looking for a particular webpage, so all three listings of search results seemed of equal quality. Thus, I plan to continue using Google. My decision is indicative of the problem Yahoo!, MSN, and other search engine companies face in the quest to obtain a larger percentage of Internet search volume. Search engine users are loyal to one or a few search engines and are generally happy with search results [14, 28]. Thus, as long as Google continues to provide results deemed high in quality, Google likely will remain the top search engine. But what set Google apart from its competitors in the first place? The answer is PageRank. In this article I explain this simple mathematical algorithm that revolutionized Web search. 2 Google's Search Engine Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page met in 1995 when Page visited the com- puter science department of Stanford University during a recruitment weekend [2, 9]. Brin, a second year graduate student at the time, served as a guide for potential re- cruits, and Page was part of his group. They discussed many topics during their first meeting and disagreed on nearly every issue. Soon after beginning graduate study at Stanford, Page began working on a Web project, initially called BackRub, that ex- ploited the link structure of the Web. Brin found Page's work on BackRub interesting, so the two started working together on a project that would permanently change Web search. Brin and Page realized that they were creating a search engine that adapted to the ever increasing size of the Web, so they replaced the name BackRub with Google (a common misspelling of googol, the number 10100 ). Unable to convince existing search engine companies to adopt the technology they had developed but certain their technology was superior to any being used, Brin and Page decided to start their own company. With the financial assistance of a small group of initial investors, Brin and Page founded the Web search engine company Google, Inc. in September 1998. Almost immediately, the general public noticed what Brin, Page, and others in the academic Web search community already knew — the Google search engine produced much higher quality results than those produced by other Web search engines. Other search engines relied entirely on webpage content to determine ranking of results, and Brin and Page realized that webpage developers could easily manipulate the ordering of search results by placing concealed information on webpages. Brin and Page developed a ranking algorithm, named PageRank after Larry Page, that uses the link structure of the Web to determine the importance of webpages. During the processing of a query, Google's search algorithm combined precomputed PageRank scores with text matching scores to obtain an overall ranking score for each webpage. Although many factors determine Google's overall ranking of search engine results, Google maintains that the heart of its search engine software is PageRank [3]. A few quick searches on the Internet reveal that both the business and academic communi- ties hold PageRank in high regard. The business community is mindful that Google remains the search engine of choice and that PageRank plays a substantial role in the order in which webpages are displayed. Maximizing the PageRank score of a webpage, therefore, has become an important component of company marketing strategies. The academic community recognizes that PageRank has connections to numerous areas of mathematics and computer science such as matrix theory, numerical analysis, informa- 3 tion retrieval, and graph theory. As a result, much research continues to be devoted to explaining and improving PageRank. The Mathematics of PageRank The PageRank algorithm assigns a PageRank score to each of more than 25 billion webpages [7]. The algorithm models the behavior of an idealized random Web surfer [12, 23]. This Internet user randomly chooses a webpage to view from the listing of available webpages. Then, the surfer randomly selects a link from that webpage to another webpage. The surfer continues the process of selecting links at random from successive webpages until deciding to move to another webpage by some means other than selecting a link. The choice of which webpage to visit next does not depend on the previously visited webpages, and the idealized Web surfer never grows tired of visiting webpages. Thus, the PageRank score of a webpage represents the probability that a random Web surfer chooses to view the webpage. Directed Web Graph To model the activity of the random Web surfer, the PageRank algorithm represents the link structure of the Web as a directed graph. Webpages are nodes of the graph, and links from webpages to other webpages are edges that show direction of movement. Although the directed Web graph is very large, the PageRank algorithm can be applied to a directed graph of any size. To faciliate our discussion of PageRank, we apply the PageRank algorithm to the directed graph with 4 nodes shown in Figure 1. 1 2 4 3 Figure 1: Directed graph with 4 nodes 4 Web Hyperlink Matrix The process for determining PageRank begins by expressing the directed Web graph as the n × n "hyperlink matrix," H, where n is the number of webpages. If webpage i has li ≥ 1 links to other webpages and webpage i links to webpage j, then the element in row i and column j of H is Hij = l1 . Otherwise, Hij = 0. Thus, Hij represents the i likelihood that a random surfer selects a link from webpage i to webpage j. For the directed graph in Figure 1, 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 . H = 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 Node 4 is a dangling node because it does not link to other nodes. As a result, all entries in row 4 of the example matrix are zero. This means the probability is zero that a random surfer moves from node 4 to any other node in the directed graph. The majority of webpages are dangling nodes (e.g., postscript files and image files), so there are many rows with all zero entries in the Web hyperlink matrix. When a Web surfer lands on dangling node webpages, the surfer can either stop surfing or move to another webpage, perhaps by entering the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of a different webpage in the address line of a Web browser. Since H does not model the possibility of moving from dangling node webpages to other webpages, the long term behavior of Web surfers cannot be determined from H alone. Dangling Node Fix Several options exist for modeling the behavior of a random Web surfer after landing on a dangling node, and Google does not reveal which option it employs. One option replaces each dangling node row of H by the same probability distribution vector, w, a vector with nonnegative elements that sum to 1. The resulting matrix is S = H + dw, where d is a column vector that identifies dangling nodes, meaning di = 1 if li = 0 and di = 0, otherwise; and w = w1 w2 . . . wn is a row vector with wj ≥ 0 for all 1 ≤ j ≤ n and n wj = 1. The most popular choice for w is the uniform row vector, j=1 1 1 1 w = n n . . . n . This amounts to adding artificial links from dangling nodes to 1 1 all webpages. With w = 1 4 1 4 , the directed graph in Figure 1 changes (see 4 4 Figure 2). 5 1 2 1 2 4 3 4 3 Figure 2: Dangling node fix to Figure 1 The new matrix S = H + dw is, 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 + 0 S = 1 4 4 4 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 . = 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 Regardless of the option chosen to deal with dangling nodes, Google creates a new matrix S that models the tendency of random Web surfers to leave a dangling node; however, the model is not yet complete. Even when webpages have links to other webpages, a random Web surfer might grow tired of continually selecting links and decide to move to a different webpage some other way. For the graph in Figure 2, there is no directed edge from node 2 to node 1. On the Web, though, a surfer can move directly from node 2 to node 1 by entering the URL for node 1 in the address line of a Web browser. The matrix S does not consider this possibility. 6 Google Matrix To model the overall behavior of a random Web surfer, Google forms the matrix G = αS + (1 − α)1 where 0 ≤ α < 1 is a scalar, 1 is the column vector of ones, 1v, 1 and v is a row probability distribution vector called the personalization vector. The damping factor, α, in the Google matrix indicates that random Web surfers move to a different webpage by some means other than selecting a link with probability 1 − α. The majority of experiments performed by Brin and Page during the development of 1 1 1 the PageRank algorithm used α = 0.85 and v = n n . . . n [12, 23]. Values of α ranging from 0.85 to 0.99 appear in most research papers on the PageRank algorithm. Assigning the uniform vector for v suggests Web surfers randomly choose new webpages to view when not selecting links. The uniform vector makes PageRank highly susceptible to link spamming, so Google does not use it to determine actual PageRank scores. Link spamming is the practice by some search engine optimization experts of adding more links to their clients' webpages for the sole purpose of increas- ing the PageRank score of those webpages. This attempt to manipulate PageRank scores is one reason Google does not reveal the current damping factor or personal- o ization vector for the Google matrix. In 2004, however, Gy¨ngyi, Garcia-Molina, and Pederson developed the TrustRank algorithm to create a personalization vector that decreases the harmful effect of link spamming [17], and Google registered the trade- mark for TrustRank on March 16, 2005 [6]. Since each element Gij of G lies between 0 and 1 (0 ≤ Gij ≤ 1) and the sum of elements in each row of G is 1, the Google matrix is called a row stochastic matrix. In addition, λ = 1 is not a repeated eigenvalue of G and is greater in magnitude than any other eigenvalue of G [18, 26]. Hence, the eigensystem, πG = π, has a unique solution, where π is a row probability distribution vector.∗ We say that λ = 1 is the dominant eigenvalue of G, and π is the corresponding dominant left eigenvector of G. The ith entry of π is the PageRank score for webpage i, and π is called the PageRank vector. ∗ Though not required, the personalization vector, v, and dangling node vector, w, often are defined to have all positive entries that sum to 1 instead of all nonnegative entries that sum to 1. Defined this way, the PageRank vector also has all positive entries that sum to 1. 7 Damping Personalization Google PageRank Ordering of Factor Vector Matrix Vector Nodes (α) (v) (G) (≈ π) (1 = Highest) 3 71 3 3 80 80 80 80 3 3 71 3 1 1 1 1 80 80 80 80 Model 1 0.85 4 4 4 4 37 3 3 37 0.21 0.26 0.31 0.21 3 2 1 3 80 80 80 80 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 3 17 0 0 20 20 3 17 0 0 20 20 Model 2 0.85 1 0 0 0 23 17 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.15 1 2 3 4 40 0 0 40 29 17 17 17 80 80 80 80 1 77 1 1 80 80 80 80 1 1 77 1 1 1 1 1 80 80 80 80 Model 3 0.95 4 4 4 4 39 1 1 39 0.21 0.26 0.31 0.21 3 2 1 3 80 80 80 80 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 19 0 0 20 20 1 19 0 0 20 20 Model 4 0.95 1 0 0 0 21 19 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.19 3 2 1 4 40 0 0 40 23 19 19 19 80 80 80 80 Table 2: Modeling surfer behavior for the directed graph in Figure 2 Table 2 shows four different Google matrices and their corresponding PageRank vectors (approximated to two decimal places) for the directed graph in Figure 2. The table indicates that the personalization vector has more influence on the PageRank scores for smaller damping factors. For instance, when α = 0.85, as is the case for the first and second models, the PageRank scores and the ordering of the scores differ significantly. The first model assigns the uniform vector to v, and node 1 is one of the nodes with the lowest PageRank score. The second model uses v = 1 0 0 0 , and node 1 receives the highest PageRank score. This personalization vector suggests 8 that when Web surfers grow tired of following the link structure of the Web, they always move to node 1. For the third and fourth models, α = 0.95. The difference in PageRank scores and ordering of scores for these models is less significant. Even though v = 1 0 0 0 in the fourth model, the higher damping factor decreases the influence of v. Computing PageRank Scores For small Google matrices like the ones in Table 2, we can quickly find exact solutions to the eigensystem, πG = π. The Google matrix for the entire Web has more than 25 billion rows and columns, so computing the exact solution requires extensive time and computing resources. The oldest and easiest technique for approximating a dominant eigenvector of a matrix is the power method. The power method converges when the dominant eigenvalue is not a repeated eigenvalue for most starting vectors [13, §9.4]. Since λ = 1 is the dominant eigenvalue of G and π is the dominant left eigenvector, the power method applied to G converges to the PageRank vector. This method was the original choice for computing the PageRank vector. Given a starting vector π (0) , e.g. π (0) = v, the power method calculates successive iterates π (k) = π (k−1) G, where k = 1, 2, ..., until some convergence criterion is satisfied. Notice that π (k) = π (k−1) G can also be stated π (k) = π (0) Gk . As the number of nonzero elements of the personalization vector increases, the number of nonzero elements of G increases. Thus, the multiplication of π (k−1) with G is expensive; however, since S = H + dw and G = αS + (1 − α)1 we 1v, can express the multiplication as follows: π (k) = π (k−1) G = π (k−1) [α (H + dw) + (1 − α) 1 1v] (k−1) (k−1) = απ H +α π d w + (1 − α) π (k−1) 1 v 1 = απ (k−1) H + α π (k−1) d w + (1 − α) v, since π (k−1) 1 = 1. 1 This is a sum of three vectors: a multiple of π (k−1) H, a multiple of w, and a multiple of v. (Notice that π (k−1) d is a scalar.) The only matrix-vector multiplication required 9 is with the hyperlink matrix H. A 2004 investigation of Web documents estimates that the average number of outlinks for a webpage is 52 [22]. This means that for a typical row of the hyperlink matrix only 52 of the 25 billion elements are nonzero, so the majority of elements in H are 0 (H is very sparse). Since all computations involve the sparse matrix H and vectors w and v, an iteration of the power method is cheap (the operation count is proportional to the matrix dimension n). Writing a subroutine to approximate the PageRank vector using the power method is quick and easy. For a simple program (in MATLAB), see Langville and Meyer [20, §4.6]. The ratio of the two eigenvalues largest in magnitude for a given matrix determines how quickly the power method converges [16]. Haveliwala and Kamvar were the first to prove that the second largest eigenvalue in magnitude of G is less than or equal to the damping factor α [18]. This means that the ratio is less than or equal to α for the Google matrix. Thus, the power method converges quickly when α is less than 1. This might explain why Brin and Page originally used α = 0.85. No more than 29 iterations are required for the maximal element of the difference in successive iterates, π (k+1) − π (k) , to be less than 10−2 for α = 0.85. The number of iterations increases to 44 for α = 0.90. An Alternative Way to Compute PageRank Although Brin and Page originally defined PageRank as a solution to the eigensystem πG = π, the problem can be restated as a linear system. Recall, G = αS + (1 − α) 1 1v. Transforming πG = π to 0 = π − πG gives: 0 = π − πG = πI − π (αS + (1 − α) 11v) = π (I − αS) − (1 − α) (π 1 v 1) = π (I − αS) − (1 − α) v The last equality follows from the fact that π is a probability distribution vector, so 1 the elements of π are nonnegative and sum to 1. In other words, π 1 = 1. Thus, π (I − αS) = (1 − α) v, which means π solves a linear system with coefficient matrix I − αS and right hand 10 side (1 − α) v. Since the matrix, I − αS, is nonsingular [19], the linear system has a unique solution. For more details on viewing PageRank as the solution of a linear system, see [8, 10, 15, 19]. Google's Toolbar PageRank The PageRank score of a webpage corresponds to an entry of the PageRank vector, π. Since π is a probability distribution vector, all elements of π are nonnegative and sum to one. Google's toolbar includes a PageRank display feature that provides "an indication of the PageRank" for a webpage being visited [5]. The PageRank scores on the toolbar are integer values from 0 (lowest) to 10 (highest). Although some search engine optimization experts discount the accuracy of toolbar scores [25], a Google webpage on toolbar features [4] states: PageRank Display: Wondering whether a new website is worth your time? Use the Toolbar's PageRankTM display to tell you how Google's algorithms assess the importance of the page you're viewing. Results returned by Google for a search on Google's toolbar PageRank reveal that many people pay close attention to the toolbar PageRank scores. One website [1] men- tions that website owners have become addicted to toolbar PageRank. Although Google does not explain how toolbar PageRank scores are determined, they are possibly based on a logarithmic scale. It is easy to verify that few webpages receive a toolbar PageRank score of 10, but many webpages have very low scores. Two weeks after creating Table 1, I checked the toolbar PageRank scores for the top ten results returned by Google for the query "coffee." The scores are listed in Table 3. The scores reveal a point worth emphasizing. Although PageRank is an important com- ponent of Google's overall ranking of results, it is not the only component. Notice that https://www.dunkindonuts.com is the ninth result in Google's top ten list. There are six results considered more relevant by Google to the query "coffee" that have lower toolbar PageRank scores than https://www.dunkindonuts.com. Also, Table 1 shows that both Yahoo! and MSN returned coffeetea.about.com and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee in their top ten listings. The toolbar PageRank score for both webpages is 7; however, they appear in Google's listing of results at 18 and 21, respectively. 11 Order Google's Top Ten Results Toolbar PageRank 1 www.starbucks.com 7 2 www.coffeereview.com 6 3 www.peets.com 7 4 www.coffeegeek.com 6 5 www.coffeeuniverse.com 6 6 www.coffeescience.org 6 7 www.gevalia.com 6 8 www.coffeebreakarcade.com 6 9 https://www.dunkindonuts.com 7 10 www.cariboucoffee.com 6 Table 3: Toolbar PageRank scores for the top ten results returned by www.google.com for April 10, 2006, search query "coffee" Since a high PageRank score for a webpage does not guarantee that the webpage appears high in the listing of search results, search engine optimization experts em- phasize that "on the page" factors, such as placement and frequency of important words, must be considered when developing good webpages. Even the news media have started making adjustments to titles and content of articles to improve rankings in search engine results [21]. The fact is most search engine users expect to find rele- vant information quickly, for any topic. To keep users satisfied, Google must make sure that the most relevant webpages appear at the top of listings. To remain competitive, companies and news media must figure out a way to make it there. 12 Want to Know More? For more information on PageRank, see the survey papers by Berkhin [10] and Langville and Meyer [19]. In addition, the textbook [20] by Langville and Meyer provides a detailed overview of PageRank and other ranking algorithms. Acknowledgments Many people reviewed this article, and I thank each of them. In particular, I thank Ilse Ipsen and Steve Kirkland for encouraging me to write this article and Chandler Davis for providing helpful suggestions. I thank Ilse Ipsen and my fellow "Commu- nicating Applied Mathematics" classmates, Brandy Benedict, Prakash Chanchana, Kristen DeVault, Kelly Dickson, Karen Dillard, Anjela Govan, Rizwana Rehman, and Teresa Selee, for reading and re-reading preliminary drafts. Finally, I thank Jay Wills for helping me find the right words to say. References [1] www.abcseo.com/seo-book/toolbar-google.htm, Google Toobar PageRank. [2] http://www.google.com/corporate/history.html, Google Corporate Information: Google Milestones. [3] http://www.google.com/technology/index.html, Our Search: Google Technology. [4] http://www.google.com/support/toolbar/bin/static.py?page=features.html&hl=en, Google Toolbar: Toolbar Features. [5] http://toolbar.google.com/button help.html, Google Toolbar: About Google Tool- bar Features. [6] http://www.uspto.gov/main/patents.htm, United States Patent and Trademark Office official website. [7] http://www.webrankinfo.com/english/seo-news/topic-16388.htm, January 2006, Increased Google Index Size? [8] Arvind Arasu, Jasmine Novak, Andrew Tomkins, and John Tomlin, PageRank computation and the structure of the Web: Experiments and algorithms, 2001. 13 [9] John Battelle, The search: How Google and its rivals rewrote the rules of business and transformed our culture, Penguin Group, 2005. [10] Pavel Berkhin, A survey on PageRank computing, Internet Mathematics 2 (2005), no. 1, 73–120. [11] Celeste Biever, Rival engines finally catch up with Google, New Scientist 184 (2004), no. 2474, 23. [12] Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 33 (1998), 107–117. [13] Germund Dahlquist and ˚ke Bj¨rck, Numerical methods in sci- A o entific computing, vol. II, SIAM, Philadelphia, to be published, http://www.math.liu.se/˜akbjo/dqbjch9.pdf. [14] Deborah Fallows, Search engine users, Pew Internet & American Life Project Report, January 2005. [15] David Gleich, Leonid Zhukov, and Pavel Berkhin, Fast parallel PageRank: A linear system approach, Tech. report, WWW2005. [16] Gene H. Golub and Charles F. Van Loan, Matrix computations, 3rd ed., The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. a o [17] Zolt´n Gy¨ngyi, Hector Garcia-Molina, and Jan Pedersen, Combating Web spam with TrustRank, Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Very Large Databases, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004, pp. 576–587. [18] Taher H. Haveliwala and Sepandar D. Kamvar, The second eigenvalue of the Google matrix, Tech. report, Stanford University, 2003. [19] Amy N. Langville and Carl D. Meyer, Deeper inside PageRank, Internet Mathe- matics 1 (2004), no. 3, 335–380. [20] , Google's PageRank and beyond, Princeton University Press, 2006. [21] Steve Lohr, This boring headline is written for Google, The New York Times, April 2006. [22] Anuj Nanavati, Arindam Chakraborty, David Deangelis, Hasrat Godil, and Thomas D'Silva, An investigation of documents on the World Wide Web, http://www.iit.edu/˜dsiltho/Investigation.pdf, December 2004. 14 [23] Lawrence Page, Sergey Brin, Rajeev Motwani, and Terry Winograd, The PageR- ank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web, Tech. report, Stanford University, 1998. [24] Lee Rainie and Jeremy Shermak, Big jump in search engine use, Pew Internet & American Life Project Memo, November 2005. [25] Chris Ridings and Mike Shishigin, PageRank uncovered, Technical Paper for the Search Engine Optimization Online Community. [26] Stefano Serra-Capizzano, Jordan canonical form of the Google matrix: a potential contribution to the PageRank computation, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 27 (2005), no. 2, 305–312. [27] Danny Sullivan, Nielsen NetRatings search engine ratings, Search Engine Watch, January 2006. [28] Danny Sullivan and Chris Sherman, Search engine user attitudes, iProspect.com, Inc., May 2005. 15
Pages to are hidden for
"Wills"Please download to view full document


text:
Posts filtered on Category
Pierce, Rondo lead S&Ds with big games vs. Heat
Maybe it's still a little early to talk about sending messages heading into the playoffs. But strong efforts from Paul Pierce and Rajon Rondo boosted Boston to its second straight victory over Miami and pumped the Celtics full of confidence heading to the end of the season. Pierce went for 27 points and seven rebounds. And Rondo's […] [Read More]
Carmelo's big shots help subdue Chicago, pace Sunday's S&Ds
Carmelo Anthony had been waiting a long time for the kind of performance he produced Sunday afternoon against the Chicago Bulls. So had the New York Knicks. Anthony erupted for 43 points — most since he joined the Knicks last February — to help power a dramatic 100-99 comeback victory over the Bulls in a […] [Read More]
Irving expected back in Cavs' lineup tonight
Cleveland coach Byron Scott said Tuesday at his team's shootaround practice that he expects leading scorer Kyrie Irving back in the Cavs' starting lineup tonight against the Spurs. Irving missed the Cavs' most recent game with a sprained right shoulder. He is averaging team-leading totals of 18.9 points and 5.7 assists per game and was […] [Read More]
Irving doubtful for slumping Cavs vs. Spurs
Rookie guard Kyrie Irving, who claimed his third consecutive Eastern Conference Rookie of the Month award on Monday, might not play tonight when the Spurs visit Cleveland. Irving has been slowed by a sprained right shoulder. His injury is among the major reasons the struggling Cavaliers have dropped seven straight games and lost 10 of […] [Read More]
Mahinmi stars in short video
After playing two seasons for the Spurs, some have wondered what ever would have happened if Ian Mahinmi had stayed with the Silver and Black. Mahinmi was the first-round draft pick of the Spurs in 2005 and spent two seasons with the team before he signed as a free agent with Dallas last season. He […] [Read More]
Ellis' big bounce-back game leads Tuesday's S&Ds
Milwaukee coach Scott Skiles knew that it would only be a matter of time before new acquisition Monta Ellis started producing the big scoring numbers he was known for when playing for Golden State. Ellis torched Atlanta for 33 points, including 18 in the fourth quarter, to lead the Bucks' 108-101 victory over the Hawks. […] [Read More]
Girlfriend unsure if Jackson wants to coach again
Conventional thinking among many NBA observers is that Phil Jackson is spending some time recharging before a return to the league as a coach in the near future. But Jeanie Buss, Jackson's long-time girlfriend and an executive vice president for the Los Angeles Lakers, isn't so sure. "I can't answer that question," Buss told the […] [Read More]
Versatile Green's early surge sets tone in Spurs' triumph
Earlier in the day, Gregg Popovich told his team that he would need an opening surge to have success against Dallas later that evening. Popovich described the early boost his team received from Danny Green in glowing terms, or in Popovich's words like "he was shot out of a rocket." That turbo boost enabled Green […] [Read More]
Turiaf appears headed for the Heat
NBA free agent power forward Ronny Turiaf is finalizing an agreement bringing him to the Miami Heat for the rest of the season. Yahoo Sports.com reports that a deal between the Heat and Turiaf, a 6-foot-10 power forward, will be announced later Wednesday. Turiaf recently was acquired by Denver in a three-team deadline-day deal from Washington last week. […] [Read More]
TP would like to see Boris Diaw possibly join the Spurs
There's been a lot of speculation about Boris Diaw being cut by Charlotte in a roster move around the trade deadline. If the Bobcats decide to purge themselves of the versatile French forward, Tony Parker would love to see him join the Spurs. Parker said on his weekly French radio show (Hat tip: Project Spurs.com) that […] [Read More]
Show More

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Thanks for taking the time to report this user.
Your participation helps keep Airbnb a safe and trusted
community, and it doesn't go unnoticed!
Love cooking, eating out and traveling. Works for Victoria Gourmet Inc. Out of Woburn, MA
Kristin has completed online and offline ID verification.
Learn more »
Kristin and her group are professionals who have treated the house with respect and care
I would be delighted to have them stay at the house again and recommend them to other hosts without any reservation


text:
Latest Boise State University Stories
WASHINGTON, May 2, 2014 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- NASA astronauts and Expedition 39 Flight Engineers Rick Mastracchio and Steve Swanson, currently orbiting Earth aboard the International Space
Two hires bring local knowledge, experience to DataSite Boise. Boise, ID (PRWEB) April 24, 2014 DataSite, a leader in data center colocation, has hired
Retired NFL kicker Michael Husted will be coaching at the Cundiff Kicking Camp, for high school kickers and punters, being held at Boise State University on June 13, 2013, according to NFL kicker
NFL Kicker Billy Cundiff will host a Cundiff Kicking Camp at Boise State University, for high school kickers and punters, on June 13, 2013. Phoenix, AZ (PRWEB)
Over the past few months, property investors have been buying up discounted single and multifamily properties in Boise, Idaho. Boise, ID (PRWEB) May 07, 2013
CLEVELAND, Jan. 18, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Veritix®, the state-of-the-art digital ticketing, event marketing and relationship management technology company announced today that it has extended its relationship with Boise State University (BSU).
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 2 /PRNewswire/ -- On Labor Day, Boise State University will leverage its phenomenal success on the football field to communicate to a national audience its equally impressive accomplishments in academics.
- Forsooth! indeed! originally a parenthetical phrase used in repeating the words of another with more or less contempt or disdain.


text:
Sales load
A sales load is a fee a buyer of a mutual fund pays a broker.
Expanded Definition
For example, if the fund has a front-end load of 5%, for every $100 you place into the fund, only $95 is invested, with $5 going to the salesperson and/or mutual fund company. The Motley Fool has in the past advised investors to mutual funds with no loads.
Related Terms
Related Fool Articles
Recent Mentions on Fool.com
- If Your 401(k) Plan Is Doing This, You?re in Trouble
- Why Twitter Doesn't Turn a Profit -- And Whether Investors Should Worry
- Helicopter for Sale: Will Sikorsky Go on the Auction Block?
- Tom Gardner Interviews Proto Labs CEO Vicki Holt
- 3 Energy Stocks We're Planning to Buy
- Why I'm Not Giving Up on This Tiny Biotech Stock (Yet)


text:
Model TE-5170 - Total Suspended Particulate Monitor - Mass Flow Controlledby Tisch Environmental Inc. based in Cleves, OHIO (USA)
Mass Flow Controlled Total Suspended Particulate TSP High Volume Air Sampling System. Includes anodized aluminum shelter, 8' x 10' stainless steel filter holder with probe hole, aluminum blower motor assembly, continuous/flow pressure recorder, elapsed time indicator, mass flow controller w/20-60 SCFM air flow probe, and 7-day mechanical timer.)
Odor Control Scrubbersby Tri-Mer Corporation based in Owosso, MICHIGAN (USA)
Tri-Mer systems are ideal where performance must be continuous and unattended. Applications include chemical plants, petrochemical facilities, municipal waste treatment, asphalt manufacturing, foundries and food processing. The volume of gas that can be accommodated is virtually unlimited, but generally ranges from 35 cfm to 150,000 cfm. Because ...
Particulatesby GrayWolf Sensing Solutions based in Shelton, CONNECTICUT (USA)
Use the handheld GW-3016A as a stand-alone, 6 channel, color display particle counter or interface it to GrayWolf DirectSense, AdvancedSense and WolfPack monitors. Thermo Scientific pDR particulate concentration meters may also be interfaced. Display and log particulates right on the GrayWolf instrument or mobile PC, while adding photos, text or ...
DURAG - Model F-701-20 - Ambient Air Particulate Monitorby DURAG GmbH based in Hamburg, GERMANY
Ambient air particulate monitor to detect TSP, PM10 or PM2.5 in ambient air for use in industrial or governmental ambient air monitoring networks.
Westech - Model M9096 - Particulate Sampling Trainby Westech Scientific Instruments (Westech) based in Upper Stondon, UNITED KINGDOM
The M9096 In-Stack Manual Method Particulate Sampler for ISO9096, EN13284-1, US EPA Method 17
PQ200 - Ambient Fine Particulate Samplerby Keika Ventures, LLC (KV) based in Chapel Hill, NORTH CAROLINA (USA)
BGI Incorporated produces the PQ200 Ambient PM2.5 Federal Reference Method (FRM) and FRM 'Portable Audit' Sampling Systems. The PQ200 is designed to meet exacting criteria for collecting 24-hour samples of ambient 'Fine Particulate,' according to the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), published July 18, 1997. BGI has developed ...
Model DC2000CE - Compact Real-Time Monitor for Particulate Matterby EcoChem Analytics based in League City, TEXAS (USA)
The calibration of the compact Diffusion Charger can be done by simultaneous measurements with other particle-measuring instruments (e.g. the SMPS). The calibration is site-specific.
HClear™ HCl Abatement Technologyby Fuel Tech, Inc. based in Warrenville, ILLINOIS (USA)
Fuel Tech's HClear™ program is a complete operating program, supported by Fuel Tech's highly trained engineers and technicians and designed using our extensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and process experience. The HClear system injects a liquid for HCl abatement, and requires no capital investment. The HClear program relies on ...
Ecotech - Model ACS 1000 - Aerosol Conditioning Systemby Ecotech Pty Ltd based in Knoxfield, AUSTRALIA
The hygroscopic properties of aerosols are an important parameter to assess in order to accurately model the effect of aerosols on the earth's radiative balance. By exposing the aerosol to different relative humidity, Ecotech's Aerosol Conditioning System (ACS) enables these properties to be measured by a wide range of instruments.
Saphymo - Model BAB-E - Particulate Emission Environment Aerosol Monitorby Saphymo GmbH based in Frankfurt am Main, GERMANY
The BAB-E particulate emission monitor is designed for a continuous control of α and β radioactive artificial particulate activity in the air. It has been developed on the basis of the famous BAB aerosol category, which qualities are not to be proven anymore, still used in a lot of countries. The BAB-E is the result of more than 30 ...


text:
Fuel bills: turning up the heatEditorial: New powers to force energy companies to disclose their wholesale trades could give energy regulator Ofgem teeth
Unthinkable? Viewing the poor as an assetEditorial: Jonathan Swift - another distinguished, radical Tory - made a satirical 'modest proposal'. But what did Howard Flight mean?
Corrections and clarificationsBelgium | Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic | Shillings | Alaska v Alsaka
Country diary: New Forest
The National Policy Forum: hard LabourEditorial: Being in opposition is crap. But right now, it is what Labour, at Westminster and in the country, is for
Editorials & reply p44
Nato has to prioritise Afghan childrenLetters: In 2009, more than 1,000 children were killed by aerial strikes, night raids, suicide bombings, landmines and other explosives
Ruling curtails debate on cuts billsLetters: Our greatest concern is that incomes below the poverty line will suffer cuts without any assessment of the impact
Police kettling stirs the pot of student unrestLetters: When the next demonstration comes around, we will be there protesting alongside our young people
Rape centre concernLetters: The Metropolitan police's recent "reforms" have led to delays in attendance by its doctors, loss of cases and threats to patient safety
Tough cheeseLetters: Perhaps the coalition should pay heed to Charles de Gaulle – 'How can you govern a country which has 246 varieties of cheese?'
Can the church change its mind?
Tina Beattie: The pope's views on contraception blur the line between social and moral teaching


text:
Ophthalmologist (eyes)
16 years of experience
Video profile
16 years of experience
Video profile
7411 Wallace Blvd
Amarillo, TX 79106 Phone number & directions
Amarillo, TX 79106 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Antonio Aragon:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Patient comments (0)
The overall average patient rating of Dr. Antonio Aragon is Excellent.
Specialties & Research
Dr. Antonio Aragon, MD is board certified in Ophthalmology.
- He has special expertise in 1 area:
- Retina Surgery
Education & Awards
Dr. Aragon graduated from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
Dr. Aragon has 6 hospital affiliations:
- Baptist St Anthony's Health Sys-Baptist
- BSA Panhandle Surgery
- Spanish
Home > Find an Ophthalmologist > TX > Amarillo Ophthalmologists > Dr. Antonio Aragon, MD
Similar doctors nearby
Dr. Ryan Rush
7 years experience
Amarillo, TX
Dr. Walter Murrell
30 years experience
Amarillo, TX
Dr. Christopher McCarty
11 years experience
Amarillo, TX
Dr. Jason Ysasaga
15 years experience
Amarillo, TX
Dr. Amber Dobler-Dixon
Internal Medicine
25 years experience
Amarillo, TX
Dr. James Rush
35 years experience
Amarillo, TX
- Additional Information
- Dr. Antonio V Aragon MD is a male Ophthalmologist, has 16 years of experience and practices in Ophthalmology.
- Where does Dr. Antonio V. Aragon practice?
- Dr. Antonio Aragon has 1 office location.
Dr. Antonio Aragon practices Ophthalmology near Amarillo, TX.
See Amarillo Ophthalmologists.


text:
Yeah i'm like you too m8, can't help it tho, just like it, it's funny tho ppl think hentai is just tentacle ***, which makes me laugh
I enjoy eechi a little more. Hentai is pretty okay but I'd rather look at pictures than watch movies. Sometimes the moaning gets annoying. But hey, what can you do, there's always going to be moaning. I only enjoy eechi more than hentai is because of the humour.
"We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars." Oscar Wilde.
Leave me and my simple sig alone. I like it. ^o^
Yeah i'm like you too m8, can't help it tho, just like it, it's funny tho ppl think hentai is just tentacle ***, which makes me laugh
Ok, I don't want to sound stupid, but I guess I am, but what is eechi?
Sanity doesn't exist, it's just an excuse cooked up by crazy people to justify their actions. My myspace page: www.myspace.com/joemage
Grumble Grumble Grumble
Ecchi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
FAVOURITE THREADS EXPLAIN why, or risk an infraction.Rantings of a Grouchy Old Anime Otaku
I'm such a hentai freak I've seen just about every free clip and movie on the net thanks to my favorite site henaiville I still watch it sometimes and my favorite hentai is Bible black
-Never Be Alone
Cool and please if your just going to say your sick for puting this post up shutup and dont say anything k because its rude to me nothing sick is being seen on this post so go away.


text:
Nemco 6625B DescriptionSKU: 128-6625
This Nemco Fresh-O-Matic steamer is designed to replace the Lincoln Foodservice Fresh-O-Matic 4000 and offers upgrades from the previous model. With this Nemco Fresh-O-Matic Countertop Steamer you can add moisture back to virtually any food; whether it is cold, pre-cooked, or day old . This countertop steamer has a compact, portable design to fit in tight spaces, and a heavy-duty, stainless steel outer wrap that stands up to high demand kitchens. This Nemco steamer requires just a push of a button to activate and deliver a precise measure of steam to your food.
Standard Features and Benefits:
- Designed to rejuvenate old foods by using super-heated steam to instantly return moisture
- Specifically designed for distilled water only
- The power, heater, and water level indicators are illuminated and easy to interpret
- Push button controls deliver precisely the right amount of steam
- Heavy-duty, stainless steel outer wrap
- Compact and portable design to fit into tight spaces
- WearGuard™ coated tray liner helps prolong performance and makes cleanup easy
- Power button must be held for 3-secs. to shut the unit off, which prevents accidental shut off from the previous model
- Solid green light means it is ready to use. When the light is blinking, the unit is temporarily disabled and cannot be used
- At least 100-cu. in. well that can hold multiple servings
- Heat-insulated handles
- Steam button can be held down, but the software logic only allows for 3 pump cycles to prevent flooding the heater plate
- Uses super-hot steam that exceeds 212 degrees F
- 20-min. preheat time
- 120 V; 1500 W; 12.5 A; NEMA 5-15 plug included
- Total Dimensions: 16-1/2 in. W x 12-in. D x 11-5/8 in. H
- cULus, UL-EPH, and UL Sanitation Listed
Fresh-O-Matic Countertop Steamer, electric, electronic control panel, water level indicator, self-contained water reservoir, 20 minute preheat, WearGuardÖ coated tray liner, indicator lights, cast aluminum well, heat-insulated handles, stainless steel exterior, 1500 watts, NEMA 5-15P, 120v/60/1-ph, 12.5 amps, cETLus
*The warranty will not be honored for residential or non-commercial use of any Commercial Equipment.
Nemco 6625B SpecificationsPDF Spec Sheet
|Loading Method
|Top Load
|Manual Water Fill
|Width (in)
|Depth (in)
|Height (in)
Nemco 6625B Customer Reviews
"we have bought 3 of these steamers in the past 5 years at a $1000+ per unit you would hope they would last longer then they do. We own a small deli there not even being used in a large business. We are switching brands now that the 3 unit has broke again. I WOULD NEVER RECOMMEND THIS BRAND."
"We go thru 4-5 of these a year minimum in our taquerias...not well made, but there are really no other good options."
"After waiting several weeks for back order to arrive the unit only worked for 10 days. When I called manufacturer to replace they said I would have to have it serviced. It has been at service for two weeks awaiting parts. WASTE OF MONEY!!!"
"Love the fresh bread taste. But did not hold up very long."


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
June 14, 1966 A. J. DE PIETRO 3,256,523
RECORDING INS TRUMENT Filed Oct 25, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 1 N VEN TOR.
QJsQA June 14, 1966 A. J. DE PIETRO RECORDING INSTRUMENT 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct 23. 1963 INVENTOR. Jfle Jar/701g fiz'im, 62% 62A) 4 7 rams/5Y5.
June 14, 1966 A, J, 5 PIETRQ 3,256,523
RECORDING INSTRUMENT Filed Oct 25. 1963 .3 Sheets-Sheet 3 I'IG. J'0
G MJeGQJ United States Patent 3,256,523 RECORDING INSTRUMENT Anthony J. De Pietro, Springfield, Pa., assignor to Medical Electronics and Research Corporation, Camden, N.J., a corporation of New Jersey Filed Oct. 23, 1963, Ser. No. 318,291
3 Claims. (Cl. 34644) This invention relates generally to dental apparatus and particularly to a recording instrument for use in the fabrication of artificial dentures.
In the fabrication of artificial dentures, it becomes necessary to record protrusive and lateral movements of the mandible relative to the maxilla. For this purpose a recording instrument may be used which mounts record plates and coacting styluses in selected positions relative to the jaws. The patient is instructed to execute a straight protrusive movement, whereupon the styluses record the movement upon the plates by making traces thereon. After the traces are made, the styluses are raised from the plates, and the patient is instructed to return to centric position. This done, the styluses are returned to their initial positions. The patient is then instructed to execute a lateral movement to one side'and then to the other, and these further movements are recorded in the same manner. This common practice has not proved to be entirely satisfactory for a number of reasons. The operator has no assurance that all of the traces made simultaneously start at the same moment and terminate at the same moment. In addition, several operators are necessary for proper handling of the styluses. Furthermore, in order to check a set of plates, two sets of styluses are necessary, one to make the traces and another to follow the traces without marking the plates. It will be appreciated that changing the styluses is a nuisance. Normally, the operator must prepare the surfaces of the record plates so that they will take traces or treat the plates after the styluses have moved over them so that the traces will show. Preparing and treating the plates is a nuisance too. Springs, rubber bands or magnets are commonly used in order to press the styluses against the plates firmly enough to mark the plates. This tends to distort the plates.
Accordingly, the object of the invention is to provide a recording instrument which avoids the difliculties pointed out hereinabove.
Other objects of the invention willbecome apparent when the following description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of an instrument constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view (partially diagrammatic) of the instrument, part being omitted for the sake of clarity;
FIG. 3 is a wiring diagram;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged section on line IV-IV in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a record holder;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged section on line VI-VI in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged section on line VII-VII in FIG. 2;
. FIG. 8 is an elevation, partially in section, on line VIII-VIII in FIG. 4;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged section' on line IXIX in FIG. 2; and
' FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a record holder and record plate.
The following description is directed to the specific form of the invention illustrated in the drawings and is not intended to be addressed to the scope of the invention itself, which may be practiced in a variety of forms.
A recording instrument constructed in accordance with the invention comprises a pair of frames movable relative to each other and respectively mounting means which coact to record such movements.
Referring particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2, the frames may be identical dental face bows respectively designated 10 and 12. Each face bow comprises 'a mouthpiece including a tray (not shown) mounted on the end of a horizontally extending bar 14 affixed by a clamp (not shown) to a horizontally extending crossbar 16. Extending laterally respectively from opposite ends of the crossbar 16 are a pair of condyle locating arms 22. Each arm 22 terminates at one end in a clamp 24 and at the other end means 26 connecting the condyle locating arm to the crossbar 16. As thus far described, the dental face bow is identical with the one described in my Patent No. 3,056,210, issued October 2, 1962, to which reference may be had for a more detailed description. It will be understood, however, that it is not intended tobe limited to the specific construction of the face bow referred to.
Referring particularly to FIGS. 1, 2, 4, 5 and 8, held in each clamp 24 of the face bow 10 is a sleeve 28 which is provided with an external flange 30. Slidably re ceived by the sleeve 28 is a pointed condyle pin 32 secured against axial shifting movement by a screw 34. Carried by the flange is a record plate holder 36 which is made of a dielectric material. The holder comprises an upright part 38 and a part extending laterally therefrom. 'Each of the parts 38 and 40 is provided with a depressed area 42 which forms a comparatively thin base wall 44. Embedded in the part 38, respectively on opposite sides of the depression, are channel elements 46 made of a material which is a conductor of electricityl The holder 36 is afiixed to the flange 30 by means of screws 48. The parts 38 and 40 carry a pairof record plates respectively designated 50L and 52L on one side of the instrument and 50R and 52L on the other side, each plate being slidably received between the flanges of the associated channel elements 46.
. Referring particularly to FIGS. 4 and 8, overlying the record plate 52L is a pointed stylus 54L which is slidably received by a tubular holder 56 which is made of a dielectric material and a cap 58 which is made ofa material which is a conductor of electricity. Extending through,
the stylus is a pin 60, and between the pin 60 and the top of the tubular holder 56 is a compression spring 62. The tubular holder 56 extends through an aperture 64 formed in a boss 66 and is secured against axial shifting movement by a screw 68. The boss 66 extends laterally from a tubular holder 70 which is provided with a cap 72.
Slidably received by the tubular holder 70 and the cap 72- is a stylus 74L spring-pressed against the plate 50L. The tubular holder 70 is clamped in position by the associated clamp 24a of the face how 12. The arrangement on the opposite side of the instrument is similar, the styluses being designated 54R and 74R.
Carried by the crossbar 16a of the face how 12 are a pair of record plate holders, generally designated $78, made of a dielectric material. Each includes a clamp part provided with an aperture 82, through which the crossbar 16a extends, and a split 84. The clamp is tightened upon the crossbar 16a by a screw 86. The record holder is provided with a depression 88 which forms a comparatively thin base wall 90. Embedded in the record holder, respectively on opposite sides of the depress-ion, are channel elements 92 made of a material which is a conductor of electricity. The record holders 78 carry a pair of record plates respectivelydesignated 94L and 94R, each slidably received between the fianges of the associated channel elements 92.
Carried by the crossbar 16 of the face how 10 are a pair of clamps, generally designated 96, made of a dielectric material. Each clamp is provided with an aperture 98 through which extends the crossbar 16. The clamp is split, as at 100, and is drawn tight about the crossbar 16 by a screw 102. The clamp is provided with an aperture 104 through which extends a tubular holder 106 secured in position by a screw !108. The holder is provided with a cap 110. Slidably received by the holders 106 and caps 110 are a pair of styluses, respectively designated 111L and 111R, spring-loaded as described hereinbefore, for engaging the underlying plates 04L and 94R.
Mounted upon each of the crossbars 16 and 16a is a clamp 112 made of dielectric material. The clamp is provided with an aperture 1113 through which the crossbars extend. The clamp is split, as at 114, and is drawn tight about the crossbars by a screw 115. The clamp carries a contact element 116 which is made of a material which is a conductor of electricity. The contact is secured in position by screws 117. 4
Referring particularly to FIG. 2, a power pack, generally designated 118, is provided with a suitable casing 119 of a size and shape for being held in one hand of the operator. The casing houses a battery 120. On the topof the casing is an on-off switch 122. At the bottom is a rheostat 124 which may be adjusted by turning the dial 126 bearing the indicator 128. A wire 130 connects the positive side of the battery to the contact 116' carried by the crossbar 16 associated with the face bow The contact 116'is connected to the record plates 50L and 52L and to the stylus 111L through a wire 132. It is also connected to the record plates 50R and 52R and to the stylus 111R through a wire 134. The styluses 54L and 74L are connected to "the contact 116 associated with the face bow 12 through a lead 136, and the record plate 94L is connected to the contact through a lead 138. The styluses 54R and 74R are connected to the contact through a wire 140, and the record plate 94R is connected to the contact through a wire 142. The contact is connected to the negative side of the battery by a wire 144. The battery 120 preferably develops between eighteen and forty volts, and it will be understood that each of the record plates, preferably made of hard aluminum foil 0.010 of an inch thick, is provided with an electro-sensitive coating or film of material 146. Sheet material found suitable for the intended purpose is disclosed by US. Patent No. 3,138,547, issued to B. L. Clark, June 23, 1964. t
In the use of the recording device, the hinge axis of the patient is located by known means and opposite sides of the patients face, designated F, are tattooed to indicate the location thereof. Then with the face bow 10 assembled as shown, the tray of the mouthpiece is suitably positioned in the patients mouth and the patient instructed to close on the tray. With the tray adhering to the upper teeth, the necessary adjustments are made to bring the condyle pins 32 into registry with the marks on the patients face.
Now with face bow 12 assembled as shown, the tray of the mouthpiece is suitably positioned in the patients mouth and the patient instructed to close on the tray. With the tray adhering to the lower teeth, the necessary adjustments are made to cause the styluses 74L and 74R to register with the condyle axis and to bring the points of the several styluses into engagement respectively with the associated record plates.
Now switch 122 is turned to the on position to close the electric circuit. The patient is instructed to execute a straight protrusive movement. As the movement progresses the stylus 74L, for example, moves from A to B making trace 150. The switch 122 is now turned to the .off position to reopen the electric circuit, and the pa tient is instructed to return to centric position. The stylus is returned to centric position in contact with the record plate, but the return movement leaves no trace on the record plate.
Now the circuit is reclosecl, and the patient is instructed to execute a lateral movement to the right, whereupon the stylus 74L moves from A to C making trace 152. Again the circuit is opened and the patient is instructed to return to centric position. Again the return movement is executed without marking the plate.
Again the circuit is reclosed, and the patient is instructed to execute a lateral movement to the left, whereupon the stylus 74L moves from A to D making trace 154. Again the circuit is opened and the patient is instructed to return to centric position. executed without marking the plate. It will be understood that corresponding traces are made on each of the other plates.
It will be noted that the styluses are only very lightly springpre-ssed against the record plates. Mere contact therewith is 'suflicient. Thus the pressure exerted upon the record plate is practically negligible in so far as its tendency to deform the plate is concerned. The formation of traces is started on all the record plates at the same instant and is terminated at the same instant, in consequence of which the operator has complete control by merely switching the current on and oif. There is no need to raise a stylus after making a trace and before returning it to its initial position preliminarily to making a second trace. The styluses return to their initial positions in contact with the plates without marking the plates parator.
because during the return movement the current is oif. When records are to be checked, there is no need for separate styluses for each plate, one to write and one to trace the path. One stylus does both, which is convenient and timesaving. A duplicate set of records can easily be made and the tracings checked for accuracy by using a com- The operator is free of any necessity to treat record plates before using them or after using them. There is no need for springs, rubber bands or magnets to enable the styluses to mark the plates. Mere contact without pressure is all that is necessary. There is no need for more than one operator, and in spite of this the time required for the operation is drastically reduced.
As indicated hereinbefore, the present invention, as described and shown, is susceptible to various changes and modifications which may be made without any departure from the general principles or real spirit of the invention. The record plates are not necessarily made of sheet aluminum. They could be made of paper or another material that is not a conductor of electricity. For example, Type 705 Electro-Sensitive chart recording paper, manurfactured by Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company, might be used instead. They could also be made of light-sensitive paper suitably protected against general exposure to light. In this case, the stylus could include a light source mounted for movement therewith and capable of issuing a beam of light to activate the light-sensitive \paper for making a trace thereon in spite of its protective covering. Accordingly, it is intended to claim the present invention broadly, as well as specifically, as indicated in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In a recording instrument for use in fabricating artificial dentures, the combination comprising a pair of separate frames respectively arranged for being fixed relative to the maxilla and mandible of the patient for movement therewith, a plurality of electrically conductive and electrosensitive record plates and co acting styluses mounted upon said frames for being disposed proximate the regions over the hinge joints of the patients mandible when said frames are arranged in the manner aforesaid, means connecting said plates and styluses in electric circuit, and a single switch in said circuit operable for energizing all of said styluses simultaneously and deenergizing all of said styluses simultaneously, said plates being insensitive to pressure applied thereto when said styluses move thereover in response to relative movement of the patients maxilla and mandible, but being sensitive to electric cur- Once again the return movement is rent for making :traces on said plates when said styluses move the-reover in response to relative movement of the patients maxilla and mandible.
2. The combination according to claim 1 wherein the record plates and styluses are electrically insulated from said frames.
3. The combination according to claim 2 wherein the record plates consist of an electrosensitive layer overlying v an electrically conductive layer.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,799,528 4/1931 Phillips 3219 3,056,210 10/1962 De Pietro 33--174 3,138,547 6/1964 Clark 346135 X 3,181,167 4/1965 Mann 346-'74 LEO SMILOW, Primary Examiner.
JOSEPH W. HARTARY, Assistant Examiner.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
Chobani pushes USOC deal through Tokyo Redesign gives site traditional look USOC pushes pre-Games tour two years out NBC Sports to host USOC, NGB execs NBC touting Olympics two years out IOC could launch Olympic OTT net Bridgestone newest TOP sponsor Improved relationship on display NBC deal shows focus by Bach, IOC Agencies eye big prize in Franklin
Upcoming Conferences and Events
Featured Story
Sidearm Sports adding bigger schools to roster after acquisition by Learfield SportsPublished in SportsBusiness Journal on 03 / 30 / 15
At least 19 colleges, including several from the power five conferences, plan to shift their digital rights to Sidearm Sports, the technology company owned by Learfield Sports. Learfield clients Indiana, Texas A&M and Louisvil...
Tags: Colleges
More Stories
Nike nears deal with figure skater
Nike will use its deal with Gracie Gold to promote its women's workout apparel. Photo by: GETTY IMAGES Nike is close to signing U.S. figure skater and Olympic hopeful Gracie Gol ...
Tags: Olympics
USOC plans foundation for fundraising
The U.S. Olympic Committee plans to create a new foundation and hopes to raise more than $35 million in the coming years to help underwrite the cost of athlete training, support and administration. It began a search last week for a chief development officer and president of the new foundation, wh ...
Tags: Olympics
Reservations about Sochi hotels
It's 10 months before the Sochi Games, and USA Hockey Executive Director Dave Ogrean is worried. His organization still hasn't secured hotel rooms for the 2014 Winter Olympics — and his national governing body isn't alone. None of the eight U.S. winter national governing ...
Tags: Olympics
Visa cutting back on U.S. Olympic sports
Visa is pulling back on its Olympic spending in the U.S. The company, which made a name for itself in the Olympics by sponsoring and marketing heavily around sports like gymnastics, swimming and track and field year-round, recently offered USA Gymnastics, USA Swimming and USA Track & Field de ...
Tags: Olympics
Olympians settle with Samsung
The 18 Olympians who sued Samsung last year have decided not to appeal a judge's ruling that the electronics company didn't misappropriate the names and images of the athletes for a London Games marketing program. The decision brings an end to the lawsuit, which was considered to be a ...
Tags: Olympics
USOC plans 'efficient' bid process
The U.S. Olympic Committee plans to forgo a formal domestic bidding process for the 2024 Olympics and select a potential bid city by the end of 2014, CEO Scott Blackmun said. "We want it to be as informal and efficient as possible," Blackmun said, noting that Chicago spent more than $ ...
Tags: Olympics
Kellogg's to feature roster of nine
U.S. Olympic Committee sponsor Kellogg's last week announced a roster of nine Olympians and Sochi 2014 hopefuls that it will feature in marketing and promotions around the Sochi Games. The company signed snowboarder Gretchen Bleiler, figure skater Kristi Yamaguchi, 1980 U.S. hockey team mem ...
Tags: Olympics
USG Corp. to sponsor Team USA
Chicago-based building products manufacturer USG Corp. has signed on to sponsor Team USA ahead of the Sochi and Rio Games. USG didn't return calls seeking comment, and the U.S. Olympic Committee declined to comment. But two industry sources said that the deal is expected to be announced lat ...
Tags: Olympics
Road to Sochi includes tour, TV
The U.S. Olympic Committee this week will launch its second, multi-dimensional marketing campaign ahead of an Olympic Games. The Road to Sochi initiative, which follows the successful Road to London campaign, includes a special telecast of winter sports on NBC Sports Network and Universal Sports, ...
Tags: Olympics
Kellogg's to hit the slopes with USSA
Kellogg's plans to make skiing and snowboarding a focus of its Olympic marketing efforts ahead of the 2014 Sochi Games. The U.S. Olympic Committee sponsor recently signed a 16-month agreement with the U.S. Ski & Snowboard Association that makes its Kellogg's brand the official bre ...
Tags: Olympics


text:
Videos tagged "peter read miller"
About A Photograph : Peter Read Miller01:38
1,416 Plays / 5 Likes / 4 Comments
20 year Sports Illustrated veteran photographer, Peter Read Miller, tells us about his most favourite mistake - take a look at the short film to hear more. Take a look at Peter's recently published book - http://bit.ly/1bSvsq4 || To win a signed copy of Peter's book, please visit our blog : http://blog.thinktankphoto.com/about-a-photograph/ Photograph © Peter Read Miller With thanks to Peter Read Miller and Triple Scoop Music. triplescoopmusic.com/ Produced by Kurt Rogers and Deanne Fitzmaurice. Sponsored by thinkTankPhoto.com+ More details
Andrew Luck Cover Shoot for Sports Illustrated01:20
1,381 Plays / 1 Likes / 0 Comments
This is a video of a cover shoot I did in August of 2011. Stanford QB Andrew Luck was the subject and the client was Sports Illustrated.+ More details
Andrew Luck for Sports Illustrated01:06
13.7K Plays / 19 Likes / 0 Comments
Sports Illustrated's annual College Football Preview Issue is upon us again, and this year I got to spend some time behind the scenes of Stanford quarterback Andrew Luck's cover photo shoot.+ More details
2,469 Plays / 3 Likes / 1 Comment
Scenes from the 2011 Peter Read Miller Sports Photography Workshop.+ More details
Western Digital Cover Shoot Promo02:05
1,452 Plays / 1 Likes / 0 Comments
Take a behind-the-scenes look at Peter's Sports Illustrated cover shoot with USC linebackers Clay Matthews, Rey Maualuga and Brian Cushing.+ More details
736 Plays / 1 Likes / 0 Comments
Follow Peter as he photographs football star Reggie Bush painted gold like an Oscar statue for Sports Illustrated on Campus. Video by Max Morse.+ More details
Sports Illustrated Photography at Super Bowl XLV03:09
24.5K Plays / 110 Likes / 0 Comments
Behind the scenes with the Sports Illustrated photography staff at Super Bowl XLV. Video by Max Morse for Sports Illustrated.+ More details
SI's 2011 NBA Preview Cover Shoot02:17
1,112 Plays / 0 Likes / 0 Comments
Peter Read Miller shoots Kevin Durant and the rest of the starters from the Oklahoma City Thunder for Sports Illustrated's 2011 NBA Preview issue cover. Video by Max Morse+ More details
SI's 2011 College Football Preview Cover Shoot01:56
883 Plays / 3 Likes / 0 Comments
Peter Read Miller and his crew travel to four college campuses to shoot regional covers for SI's 2011 College Football preview issue. Video by Max Morse.+ More details
950 Plays / 10 Likes / 0 Comments
Peter Read Miller and Max Morse travel to Mexico City to shoot the Lucha Libres. Video by Max Morse.+ More details
What are Tags?
Tags are keywords that describe videos. For example, a video of your Hawaiian vacation might be tagged with "Hawaii," "beach," "surfing," and "sunburn."


text:
Layout selectors
Craig Melvin 08/10/14
Hillary wades into Iraq airstrikes debate
Hillary Clinton is wading into the debate over U.S. airstrikes in Iraq against ISIS. ... more Duration: {{video.duration.momentjs}}
Hillary wades into Iraq airstrikes debate
Nightmare in Iraq continues to unfold
'We have an international situation in Iraq'
Violence consuming Iraq
Matthews on the aftermath of invading Iraq
Unrest in Iraq as insurgents vow to take...
U.S. back to Iraq?
Re-invade Iraq? The US has been here before.
Iraq uprising causes key cities to fall
Iraq requests US help to stop uprising
'The Sunnis want their country back'
Baghdad facing new threat of invasion
Untangling the complicated Middle East web
Final phase begins to push ISIS out of Tikrit
Iraqis launch new attack on Tikrit
Dozens volunteer in fight against ISIS
Saddam Hussein tomb destroyed, revenge cited
US soldier wounded in Iraq
Iraq close to driving ISIS out of Tikrit
If the public wants troops, restart the draft
Retrieving data...
Live now
- Information
Retrieving Data...
Live now
- Information
Iraq on msnbc
Best of msnbc
'The Wire' and a flawed justice system
Weird science
Why the Ellen Pao trial matters for women
Unanswered questions in GA police shooting
Confusion abounds over Walker and immigration
Bush embarks on fundraising Texas two-step
Indiana Senate seat up for grabs
Reid's departure blasts open Nevada Senate...
Sea lions invade coastal Oregon town
Millionaires get 'shunned' for...
Report: Germanwings co-pilot hid illness
Crash questions focus on why not how
Investigators look for answers after crash
Weak link in airline safety: Humans
Former Rep. Barney Frank plays Hardball
Aaron Schock bids farewell to Congress
Ben Affleck: Aid to Eastern Congo is working
Cruz faces criticism for Obamacare hypocrisy
Wearables: The future of staying healthy?
Mitt and 'Mitt' yuk it up on 'Tonight Show'
The Last Word
Floyd Dent: I saw police plant evidence
DEA agents allegedly had 'sex parties' abroad
Kelly: study analyzes 'details of physiology'
'No pilot should be alone in the cockpit'
'Nightmare unfolding': Saudis strike Yemen
OU student won't reveal racist chant's origin
Voice recorder examined in French Alps crash
Mo'ne Davis reminds us to 'brush off' haters
Mo'ne Davis: 'Go out there and have fun'
Boston Globe really wants Sen. Warren to run
Police: 'Rolling Stone' rape case suspended
Kid inventor's brilliant Alzheimer's aide
Mitt Romney's biggest regret
The darker side of social media
New pot amnesty ruling in one state
Obama on GOP critics: 'Run the tape back'
ISIS praises Tunisian attack
Member defends Penn State fraternity
Schock's legacy? Abs, selfies & Taylor Swift
Exclusive: Obama Mideast envoy on Netanyahu
Rachel Maddow
Weak link in airline safety: Humans
US, Iran relations? Depends on the conflict
Sports, stenography, a syzygy made in heaven
NYT: Plane crash pilot locked out of cockpit
Saudi Arabia strikes rebels in Yemen
Downed drones reveal points of US interest
Prompt US withdrawal from Afghanistan...
Crisis at Secret Service deeply rooted
Dark-money probe puts new pressure on Walker
Ted Cruz launches campaign for vice president
Vandal strikes women's clinic in Mississippi
Students persist despite lawmaker failings
The future is already here, changing politics
New technology changing the face of politics
Powerful anti-gun ad panics gun rights groups
Clinton addresses 'fun deficit in America'
New veterans caucus could fix torpor on ISIS
White House incident footage overwritten
Locals fight plan to burn military waste
Oregon leads nation in facilitating democracy
msnbc originals
Conservatives up in arms over these girls
Protesting sexism in her backyard
Piles of presidential memorabilia with...
#RealLiveTransAdult: Proud part of ESPN...
The Abortion Diarist
I am woman, Hear Me Code
A women's-only mosque opens in LA
LGBT vets make history at Boston St. Pat's...
A refuge for women's history
Fleeing peril, with kids in tow
Pasco chief on force policy: "I don't know...
Miss a note, she deducts cheese from your...
Girl Be Heard--in song, dance and theater
When having 'the talk' with your kids,...
For Tumblr, FCC's net neutrality vote a win
Turbaned Captain America wants to change U.S.
Queerness on the front lines of ...
Tom Colicchio joins msnbc as first-ever...
Meet the emoji grannies
Cosmic Valentine: She's gonna find you love


text:
10% off + Mystere tickets
Book between: Now and Mar 31, 2015
Travel between: Now and Aug 27, 2015
30% off + $20 food & beverage credit
Book between: Now and Apr 30, 2015
Travel between: Now and Aug 31, 2015
Includes daily in-suite breakfast
Book between: Now and Dec 28, 2015
Travel between: Now and Dec 30, 2015
Up to 15% off nonrefundable
Book between: Now and Feb 29, 2016
Travel between: Now and Feb 29, 2016
10% off + Mystere tickets
Includes daily in-suite breakfast
25% off your stay
20% off your stay
25% off your stay
33% off your stay
30% off your stay
20% off your stay
15% off your stay
Limited time sale: 25% off
25% off your stay
Up to 15% off nonrefundable
Our guide to Las Vegas hotels will help you find the hottest deals whether you're looking for luxury Las Vegas resorts, or a cheap stay. Hotels in Las Vegas offer an option for every vacationer. Our Las Vegas hotel reviews cover room and hotel amenities, pool descriptions, as well as restaurant, nightclub and show listings. Make your Las Vegas hotel reservations using our easy to use process.
*Sample prices shown are for select midweek (Sun-Thu) dates. Offer subject to change. Prices do not include taxes and fees. Based on availability.


text:
The Huddle
High School sports in Southeast Texas
Central girls basketball is No. 7 in Class 4A
The Central girls basketball team is ranked No. 7 in Class 4A in this week's Texas Association of Basketball Coaches girls basketball rankings. Central is 14-2 overall and 2-1 in District 20-4A after losing 68-56 against Ozen on Friday. Ozen, which is 15-2, was left off the rankings. Class 5A 1. Cy-Falls (21-1) 2. Georgetown […] [Read More]
Five local boys basketball teams in state rankings
Five local boys basketball teams are in this week's Texas Association of Basketball coaches state rankings. Nederland is 19th in 4A, Silsbee is 7th in 3A, Hardin-Jefferson is 10th in 3A, Spurger is 10th in 1A-Div II and Legacy is 18th in small private schools. Here are the complete state rankings: BOYS RANKINGS Class 5A […] [Read More]
Travis Williams hospitalized following heart attack
Silsbee boys basketball coach Travis Williams is recovering from a minor heart attack he suffered on Friday following Silsbee's 65-48 win at Jasper. Williams was admitted into Memorial Hermann Baptist Hospital in Beaumont late Friday. Williams could be released as early as Monday, according to Silsbee assistant basketball coach James Collins. "He'll probably be home […] [Read More]
Beaumont Duals wrestling competition set for Saturday
Beaumont Duals, a high school wrestling competition, will be held at West Brook High School on Saturday from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. West Brook, Central and Ozen will be in the competition among other schools. [Read More]
Ex Ozen track star, Brannon headlines stout recruiting class at Texas
A'Lexus Brannon headlines the University of Texas womens track and field team's No. 2 recruiting class in the country, according to Track and Field News. The rankings were released Dec. 7. As a senior at Ozen last spring, Brannon was named the National High School Senior Athlete of the Year in track and field. She […] [Read More]
James Gamble Classic on tap for Dec. 27-29
Nine boys basketball teams, including four local squads, will compete in the 2010 James Gamble Classic on Dec. 27-29 at Port Arthur Memorial High School. Local teams include Central, Memorial, Ozen and West Brook. The other schools are Galena Park, Houston North Forest, Houston Eisenhower, Fort Bend Hightower and Manor. Hightower recently won the BISD/YMBL […] [Read More]
Time change for Ozen vs. Orangefield girls basketball game
The Ozen girls basketball team will host Orangefield at 2 p.m. next Tuesday. The game was orignally scheduled for 7:30 p.m. The junior varsity teams will play before the varsity at 1 p.m. [Read More]
Two West Brook football players earn all-state mention
West Brook quarterback Bruce Reyes and West Brook linebacker Collin Garrett each earned honorable mention on The Associated Press Class 5A all-state football team. By The Associated Press The 2010 Class 5A all-state high school football team, released Thursday, as voted on by the Texas Associated Press Sports Editors based on regular-season performance. Players are […] [Read More]


text:
£400 pcm
1 bedroom flat to rent The Balcony Apartment, The White Owl Station Road, Robin Hoods Bay, Whitby, YO22***Located in the heart of ROBIN HOODS BAY is this lovely apartment with an open plan lounge/bedroom with a fantastic BALCONY offering VIEWS ACROSS THE BAY. The property is being offer FULLY FURNISHED and has PARKING. The tenants would also have use of the front garden with lovely views across th... More details ›
- 1
Thank you.
Your information has been sent to 0 out of 1 agents who have property to rent in the area you specified.


text:
Bacterial leaf spot, is there a better way, or overkill?
Hey all,
Sorry i don't have any pics to post, but i'm positive of what my bulk C.Annuum's have, bacterial leaf spot for the third year in a row. I always discovered it late in the past, and it tended to cause pretty serious disruption till i'd finally get it to 'manageable' level. It affected both pods and leaves.
About a week ago i noticed the first spots again, yanked as many leaves as i could find, then sprayed everything down with a Physan20 (linked below) + neem oil mix. This got everything 'manageable' last year, and i hope i caught it early enough this year. I noticed a few more spots pop up in the meantime, but not many, so of course i sprayed everything down again, and will keep doing so.
I noticed all the infected plants/leaves were right next to each other, about a dozen plants total right smack in the middle of the entire plot. The far edges have no infected leaves yet, but those plants were sprayed down anyway, and so were the plants in my other plots about 40 to 50ft away. I didn't want to take any chances...
Does anyone have any pointers for me, a more proven product perhaps? Or is my regimen fine since i caught it early, and i'm just making a big deal of things?
I already know to keep the leaves as dry as possible, so i have that base covered.
Here is a link that might be useful: Physan20
I think what you are doing is good. Are you growing in containers or ground. I do not do anything when I get bac spots. I give them extra nutrients and the plants do all the work. But I have never has a severe case on my peppers. Maters, that is a different story.
Thank you for your input, and yes i have most everything planted in the ground.. Your situation is exactly why i asked my question, it seems that others don't do much for their bacterial leaf spot problem either, almost dismissing it.
My problem is the situation never got better in the previous two seasons, that's even with dirt that literally has everything in it, i usually spare no expense with soil amendments. You stick your arm into the dirt halfway up your forearm(!)
Not sure if any of the copper based sprays would work, or some other commonly found product, so i'm hoping to get some input on that. But i'll be google search the topic later tonight as well.
Update, going to coat the leaves with a copper solution. But for the 2012 im going to do things differently:
- I'm going to pre-treat my seeds using a different technique.
- Going to plant my plants another few inches further apart.
- Will turn my dirt over once during mid-winter. This is to bring all the bad bacteria to the surface, to expose it to the elements.
- Will cover my transplants for a few weeks during the late May rainy season, to keep the leaves drier.
- Will pre-treat with a lighter copper solution during May and early June, before any outbreaks take place.
- Will use a light solution of Physan20 to foliar spray after rainstorms, during the month of June that is.
What a pain this has been, for the third year in a row. But i'm determined to make 2012 different. I'll try to update this thread with results, might take another week or two.
Update: Looks like Copper spray works best, a touch better than Physan20. It hasn't eradicated the problem, but it looks more manageable now. I did two rounds of copper spray, spaced out about a week.
I'm doing follow-ups with Serenade spray, beneficial bacteria that crowd out the bad bacteria, a more organic treatment with no buildup of copper or funny chemicals.
I caught the problem earlier this year than the previous two years, but as i mentioned in my last post, next year will be all about prevention.
I hear you robeb, the newest information i've picked up leads me to think it's no longer the greatest choice. A couple of years ago when i first researched it sounded like a great idea, even with vegetable plants.
Next year i'm going to use copper and bacterial based sprays. There are a couple of other "bactericides" that i'm going to research as well, but i'm going to make sure they are approved for vegetable use. I know i'm going to load the soil deep with plenty of beneficial bacteria/organisms ahead of time.
Not being an expert on anything and not being familiar at all with "bacterial leaf spot", I go back to your original post and see that you mention that all the affected plants were all right together (in the middle of the plot). My question is, do you think maybe being in the middle of the plot could be the cause? Are those plants maybe getting less sun or maybe less air circulation? Could something like that be a cause of the problem?
Kind of an educated guess here on my part based on the information you provided.
Hey esox, thx for chiming in, all feedback is welcome and gives me more ideas to brainstorm.
The middle plants were getting the same sun, and at that point probably a similar amount of circulation since there was still space between the plants. I caught it this year earlier and before all the canopies connected, like they are now. It may be perception but it seems like the infection can cross a air-span of 6 inches to a foot (wind/rain), unless i'm wrong and it was being pulled in from the roots in those instances.
I'm suspecting that there was either an infected spot there in the soil, or those plants were infected right from seed and waited for hot/rainy stressful weather to overcome the plant's immune system. It could also be dragged in via pants and shoes and maybe last years gardening tools unfortunately ( i don't recall disinfecting everything from last year). The stuff is pretty contagious from what i've been reading and experiencing.


text:
Broadcasting Agent Perry Joins Innovative Artists NFLPA Exec Dir Election Begins Saturday Sean Morey Running For Top NFLPA Spot Roc Nation Sports Adding More Clients, Agents WME/IMG Close Deal For Icon Sports Management CAA, Roc Nation Sports Cut Ties Marcus Mariota Signs With Rep 1 Sports NFLPA Sets Up Website For Exec Dir Candiadates NFL Agent Ben Dogra To Join Relativity Sports Rosenhaus Wants Jackson To Pay For Violations
Upcoming Conferences and Events
SBD/September 13, 2012/Labor and Agents
Sources: LeBron James Leaving CAA Along With Agent Rich Paul
Published September 13, 2012
MOVING FORWARD: In Ft. Lauderdale, Ira Winderman notes Paul has "emerged with a significant roster of clients of his own," including Bobcats F Michael Kidd-Gilchrist, Cavaliers F Tristan Thompson and Trail Blazers G Jonny Flynn. A source said that James' parting with CAA "is amicable and is not a reflection of any James unease with CAA," and teammates G Dwyane Wade and F Chris Bosh -- who are also repped by CAA -- have both been "made aware of the impending move." Winderman notes the CAA link "was cited among the factors that brought the three stars together during 2010 free agency" (South Florida SUN-SENTINEL, 9/13). ESPN.com's Brian Windhorst cited sources as saying that James is "not making the move because of any hard feelings with Rose or his longtime partner William 'Wes' Wesley" (ESPN.com, 9/12). YAHOO SPORTS' Marc Spears writes Paul is "working to soon become officially certified as an agent." His new agency will be "based in his hometown of Cleveland" (SPORTS.YAHOO.com, 9/13).


text:
- Your file is being downloaded. It will remain available for download from the "My Files" section of your member area for 72 hours.
#2904492 -
exceptional person© Christos Georghiou - See portfolio
|Size (?)
|Pixel / Inches
|Add to cart
|Direct Download
|Standard XS
|465 x 258 (0.1 MP)6.5 '' x 3.6 '' (72 dpi)
|1 credit
|Standard S
|930 x 516 (0.5 MP)12.9 '' x 7.2 '' (72 dpi)
|3 credits
|Standard M
|1851 x 1027 (1.9 MP)6.2 '' x 3.4 '' (300 dpi)
|6 credits
|Standard L
|3700 x 2052 (7.6 MP)12.3 '' x 6.8 '' (300 dpi)
|8 credits
|Extended X
|3700 x 2052 (7.6 MP)12.3 '' x 6.8 '' (300 dpi)
|100 credits
|Christos GeorghiouSee portfolio
|Image reference
|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|Descriptive Category
|People On Location Office
|Business Business Concepts Competitive Advantage
["abstract","best","better","black","business","business man","business people","business person","businessman","concept","conceptual","corporate","crowd","difference","different","exceptional","getting noticed","glow","glowing","hands","hands up","illustration","individual","jump","jumping","man","men","metaphor","misfit","noticed","office worker","outline","pack","people","personal","shining","silhouette","standing out","standing out from the crowd","suit","suits","up","vector","worker"]abstract best better black business business man business people business person businessman concept conceptual corporate crowd difference different exceptional getting noticed glow glowing hands hands up illustration individual jump jumping man men metaphor misfit noticed office worker outline pack people personal shining silhouette standing out standing out from the crowd suit suits up vector worker See all keywords
The photo "exceptional person" from Christos Georghiou is available on Fotolia under a Royalty Free license from 1 credit (Credit from $0.74).
Available in JPEG format, this photo may be downloaded for all kinds of professional uses and in different resolutions (up to 3,700 x 2,052 pixels in 300 DPI).
To download this photo, you can buy Fotolia credits or purchase a subscription plan and benefit from the amazing price of $0.19 per image.


text:
TYR Tracer B-Series Male Jammer
Item # TBJA6
TYR's Tracer B Series Jammer is built for high level racing. Reduce drag with bonded seams and built in compression panels. Designed with lightweight, hydrophobic quick-drying fabric and enhanced stretch fabric, the Tracer B Series Jammer provides memory retention for a long lasting form fitting suit.
- Compression panels lock the core in with up to a 75% increase in zoned compression
- 4 way lock seams contour the body and provide the strongest control available
- Lightweight, hydrophobic, quick-drying fabric
- Smooth, flat-bonded seams outline the suit creating a stitchless design to reduce drag
- Stress points along the suit are reinforced with micro-stitch to secure seams under extreme strains
All items considered Technical Swimwear including but not limited to Speedo FS-Pro, Speedo LZR, TYR Avictor, TYR Tracer, Arena Powerskin, Blueseventy, and MP technical suits are non-returnable once the outer sealed poly bag is opened.
Know this product? + WRITE REVIEW


text: Went with the Pan con Bistec, which is a thinly sliced sirloin steak sandwich and Platanitos Maduros, which is Sweet Plantains. Arrived right before noon, and there was a small line. Overall, both were good, sandwiches are slightly overpriced for what you get. Also, rumor has it that the Mojitos... read more


text:
Possible Answer
sino gusto pumunta dito place ko morayta( near espanya-FEU area-recto-sampaloc) GOT PLACE HERE! 29, 5'9 med blt fair text me 09166494641. - read more
Dec 16, 2012 · Disclaimer: I am not the owner of the videos posted in this site, they are publicly published on the web and they are just collected and posted here, if ... - read more
Please vote if the answer you were given helped you or not, thats the best way to improve our algorithm. You can also submit an answer or search documents about kwento ng jakol.


text:
Thursday, December 18, 2014
Easy Inexpensive Holiday Gift with Free Printable
My husband needed a few little holiday gifts for some of his staff. He gives his teachers something a little nicer than this, but since he pays for all of these gifts out of his own pocket, we couldn't afford something that nice for everyone that helps at the school. We didn't want anyone to feel left out or unappreciated though, so we made up some of these little hand sanitizers with a cute little holiday tag.
These were so easy, just print out the tags, punch them out with a one-inch circle punch and tie the tab onto the little gift with some cute twine.
If you would like to print off some little holiday tags like these you can download them for free here.
Wednesday, December 17, 2014
Simple Paperclip Angel Ornaments
This year, I needed to keep it really simple, so we made these easy, low-mess, angel ornaments. I am sure that they are not new to any of you, this has been a really popular pin on Pinterest for years, but I wanted to share our experience with them and how they went over with the boys.
We used this tutorial - which is perfect. The only thing I did differently was I threaded both ends of the ribbon through a darner needle before threading it through the bead. It made it a million times easier for me. I also made sure the ribbon was threaded through the beads before I started the craft with my boys. That way they didn't have to wait for me to thread them and they could just get started on tying them together.
I was a little worried that my boys would think these angels were a little too girly, but they seemed to like them just fine. The little ones obviously needed more help than the big boys, but the ornaments came together quickly and with minimal frustration for the boys (and therefore for me).
When my husband got home and my boys showed him their work, he was genuinely impressed. It was a winner all around. If you are looking for a simple ornament project, this one is for you.
Tuesday, December 16, 2014
Teacher Gifts for Christmas with Free Printable
Last night the boys and I put together the gifts they are giving their teachers for Christmas. I want to start by saying that my husband is a school principal and former teacher and teacher gifts are never expected, but they are always appreciated no matter what they are, but he did find that the consumable gifts were probably the ones he liked the most. So, I always try to give something that can be used up and will be useful to almost anyone.
I ran onto this cute idea on Pinterest and immediately pinned it because it fit perfectly into my consumable and useful criteria. (Plus, I really love Burt's Bees lip balm). Her printable is sooo much cuter than mine and super inexpensive, I checked to see if her shop had a holiday version, because I wanted something Christmas-y, but to no avail, so I quickly made up my own simple holiday version based on her idea.
We packaged them up in a little cellophane bag with a cute bow, to make them look a little more festive, but they could also be presented just as a card with the lip balm attached.
Please check out her cute all-occasion printable, it would be perfect to give at Christmas; during Teacher Appreciation Week; or any other time that a teacher gift is warranted.
If you would like to use my Christmas version, you can download it for free here.
Simple, Useful, Consumable, and Cute. The perfect teacher gift!!
Thursday, November 13, 2014
Tangy Meatballs
I know I have been posting heavily on the food end of things lately. Even though I don't get to do many creative things while we are living in our small place temporarily, I still have to feed my family. So, I am making an effort to post a few of our favorite recipes when I make them.
This recipe is a keeper for sure. Everyone that I have made it for has demanded the recipe. It is easy to make and the meatballs freeze beautifully, which allows for a quick evening meal for the family, or even a simple lunch for me and the little kids during the day. They can easily be reheated in the microwave, stovetop, or the slow cooker. When I freeze them I don't freeze them in the sauce, but if I am reheating them in the slow cooker or on the stove top, I make up the sauce and then reheat them slowly, simmering in the sauce. If I am reheating them in the microwave, them they reheat well without the sauce.
We usually eat these with the sauce in the recipe, but we have tried them in other sauces as well, and even used them as meatballs with our spaghetti, and they are always delicious. They are extremely versatile.
One last tip - - make sure that you don't overmix the meatballs one the meat is added, or your meat will bind up and your meatballs will be tough.
If you are looking for a go-to meatball recipe, give this a try. It is a winner.
Click here for a printable version of this recipe.
1 ½ lbs. ground beef
1 egg, lightly beaten
¾ cup rolled oats
½ tsp. salt
½ tsp. garlic salt
¼ tsp. pepper
pinch sage leaves
2 T. milk
½ cup onions, finely chopped
Combine all ingredients except the beef in a large bowl. Add the beef and mix together with hands until just evenly incorporated. Shape into 1" – 1 ½" balls. Place on a sheet pan and bake at 400 degrees for 25 minutes.
2 cans (8 oz.) tomato sauce
1 T. vinegar
3 T. brown sugar
1 T. Worcestershire sauce
Combine all ingredients in a large skillet, add cooked meatballs and simmer together until hot. Serve over rice.
* We also like to serve these meatballs with a sauce made up of 1 8 oz. can of tomato sauce and an equal part sweet baby rays bbq sauce.
** These meatballs freeze really well. When I make them, I usually double the recipe, bake them up and then put half of them in the freezer for a quick meal later on.
Labels: Entrees
Tuesday, November 11, 2014
Tuesday's Tip - Chocolate Chip Cookies
Would you like to take your chocolate chip cookies up a notch? It only takes one simple thing - - just cover the dough and let it chill out overnight in the refrigerator.
I read awhile ago that if you let your chocolate chip cookie dough "age" overnight that it will help take your cookies over the top. I didn't get around to trying it for a long time because, let's face it, when I get the craving for chocolate chip cookies I am probably not going to have the patience to wait until the next day after I have mixed up the dough to bake and eat them. Then, a few weeks ago, I decided to make a batch of chocolate chip cookies to take on a road trip we had been planning, so I decided to try out this little trick. I made up the dough, chilled it overnight, and then baked them a few hours before we left. I did this mostly to save time and clean-up on the day that we were leaving, but I was also curious about whether or not it would make any difference.
Let me tell you - - the wait was totally worth it. The trick works and my already beloved and delicious chocolate chip cookie recipe became even better.
Give it a try sometime. I imagine you will be as happy as I was.
Labels: Cookies, Tuesday's Tip
Monday, November 3, 2014
Dirty Rice - Kid Friendly Version
For those Cajun Food Purists out there, this recipe is sure to be a sacrilege. It is not the burn your taste buds spicy that you would get in authentic Cajun Dirty Rice, but we love it this way, and it is a dish that even my tiniest boy can eat. My husband and older boys kick up the spicy factor with some hot sauce.
All of my boys love this dish - I mean love, love, love, it - scrape-the-pan clean love it. In addition, it is super simple to make, so it makes frequent appearances at our house. We also love eating this with oranges. There is just something about eating an orange wedge, and then taking a bite of this stuff that takes it up another level for us.
Click here for a printable copy of this recipe.
Dirty Rice
1 to 1 1/2 lbs sausage, cooked and drained
1 cup uncooked rice
3 or 4 celery stalks
1 Tbsp. Worcestershire sauce
1/2 tsp. salt
2 cups chicken consomme or 2 cups water + 2 chicken bouillon cubes
Fry sausage and drain. Add all other ingredients. Mix together and bring to a simmer. Cover pan with lid and simmer at lowest possible heat for 45 - 60 minutes. Stir and serve.
So, if you have ever wanted to try Dirty Rice, but were afraid of that Cajun spiciness, give this a try. It is a hit at our house.
Labels: Entrees
Friday, October 31, 2014
Easy Halloween Centerpiece
I'm just popping in to share the cutest, easiest Halloween Centerpiece I have come across in a long time.
This is not my creation. These were made to put on the tables at our church Halloween party and I thought they were so creative. It was one of those moments when I thought to myself - -"Why didn't I think of that?"
I apologize for the horrible picture, but I took this in a hurry, in bad fluorescent lighting, while holding a wiggly three year old.
Basically, they just spray painted a large number 10 can black and filled it with small branches and twigs that had some small, withering leaves still attached. They had spray painted the twigs and branches black too, as well as some spanish moss that they tucked into the base of the arrangement at the top of the can. they tied an orange ribbon around the can and voila - a cute halloween centerpiece. I love it!!
This is not my creation. These were made to put on the tables at our church Halloween party and I thought they were so creative. It was one of those moments when I thought to myself - -"Why didn't I think of that?"
I apologize for the horrible picture, but I took this in a hurry, in bad fluorescent lighting, while holding a wiggly three year old.
Basically, they just spray painted a large number 10 can black and filled it with small branches and twigs that had some small, withering leaves still attached. They had spray painted the twigs and branches black too, as well as some spanish moss that they tucked into the base of the arrangement at the top of the can. they tied an orange ribbon around the can and voila - a cute halloween centerpiece. I love it!!
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)


text:
Already subscribed? Log in now →
WETA looks back at the people and events of the 1980s — the disorderly decade that saw Washington's emergence as a true global capital.
Live performances from some of today's finest chamber musicians, recorded in the acoustically superb Barns at Wolf Trap.
Since 2007, photographer Lloyd Wolf and collaborators have been documenting Arlington's Columbia Pike corridor, one of the most ethnically diverse communities in the nation.
Caillou is an inquisitive 4-year-old who's constantly finding exciting new things in the world around him.
Looking for something to do around town? Want to get the word out about your group's event? Check out our calendar!
Enjoy this step through time charting WETA's history from its founding in the 1950s as an educational television station, the addition of a public radio station, and evolution into a major national producer for PBS.