text:
Old problems in new media.
"Does journalism fit into capitalism?" That is "the question of the hour," according to Manjula Martin, a freelance writer and editor, whom I interviewed last week. Martin has carved out a space for discussing the economic landscape for writers through her online database, Who Pays Writers?, and the digital magazine, Scratch, that she co-founded with Jane Friedman.
Who Pays Writers was born out of an online conversation between Martin and other writers who were commenting on publications that ask for donations or run advertisements, but don't pay contributors. Martin herself had been frustrated recently by an experience in which she had gone through all the work of pitching an article, only to find out that the publication expected writers to work for free. "I was being very flippant, but I said, do we need a list?" she recalls.
The response was positive, and Martin set up a Tumblr, providing freelancers a space to self-report the rates they've received from publications ranging from The New Yorker and USA Today to Marie Clare and Pet Business. The site now contains thousands of reports, most depressingly meager, each a snapshot of the state of the industry from the point of view of freelancers. Over all, Martin says, writers can expect to earn about $100–250 for online articles at the big publications (The Atlantic, Salon, The Nation). The rates are higher for print, where many publications still pay by the word, and lower for book reviews and literary journals. (Martin emphasized that the data she collects is self-reported by writers and is not verified by publications. Salon declined to comment for this article. I reached out to The Atlantic for comment, but did not hear back before publication.)
Scratch came next. "Everyone really loved Who Pays Writers," Martin says, "but people wanted more context." The magazine provides that context, going deeper into the publishing economy with round-table discussions between editors, advice on negotiation techniques and contracts language, and first-person accounts of the freelancing life from successful writers. In the spirit of Martin's commitment to transparency, each issue concludes with an accounting of the relationships between the writers and editors, the demographics of the writers and the amount of money each contributor was paid. (Full disclosure: Martin has commissioned me to write an essay for the next issue of Scratch for $200.)
For Martin, transparency is the first step to improving the situation of freelance writers. Fifteen dollars per hour has become a rallying cry for service workers, but what is a fair standard for writers? "We don't even have a basic sort of understanding of what standards would be like for a freelance workforce, let alone what pay rates would be like," she says. "I think we need that base first." She points to a need for her freelance "co-workers" to be more educated: "Not understanding how the finances of our industry work—who is that bad for? It's probably not as bad for the people cutting the checks as it is for the people receiving the checks."
And it is bad for the people receiving the checks. The answer to Martin's question about journalism existing in capitalism is, of course, that journalism does exist in capitalism, and capitalism is kicking journalists' asses. The same goes for editors, and for many publications.
Last week, the Pew Research Center's Journalism Project released its annual report on the state of the news media, which examines the continuing struggles of news outlets to hit upon a sustainable (let alone profitable) model for generating revenue. Pew's report quantified the rapid growth of jobs in digital reporting, but also noted the continuing decline of jobs in print media. While job growth is good news for writers, the new hiring does not replace all the jobs that have been lost in the massive layoffs that have been occurring for a decade in print. Many print publications are also unionized, and very few of the writers at born-digital outlets are organized (the staff of Truthout is one of the few exceptions to this rule). This translates into less job security, and individual instead of collective contracts for writers, making it harder to prevent the kind of downward competition that drives standards lower.
In another sign of capitalism's effect on journalism, Digiday reported last week that Entertainment Weekly, which is owned by Time Inc., will be establishing a "contributor network" where bloggers will be "compensated in the form of prestige, access to the brand's editors and a huge potential readership audience." Prestige, of course, is worth even less than dogecoin when it comes to paying rent, and just one week later, Hollywood Reporter broke the news that Entertainment Weekly is laying off longtime critics and writers Owen Gleiberan, Nick Catucci and Annie Barret. If you don't see the connection between these two moves, you're not paying attention.
Meanwhile, media observer and journalist Jim Romenesko reported last week that the Northeast Ohio Media Group, which operates Cleveland.com, is instituting a "zero–tolerance policy for typos," and its content chief has suggested that reporters enlist their spouses in helping them avoid mistakes. A frustrated reporter wrote to Romenesko that such a move was predictable because there are no copy editors on the digital side of the news operation, and "an entire layer of editors" has been laid off. As labor historian Jacob Remes put it on Twitter, what's really happening here could be headlined, "Publisher demands labor that used to be done by paid copy editors be done by unpaid wives."
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Earlier this month, writer Yasmin Nair shook up leftist academic circles in an essay arguing that "those who write for free or very little simply because they can afford to are scabs." Nair's statement provoked much debate among writers who are trying to navigate an industry that increasingly demands unpaid work and has been successful in getting its way. Many objected to Nair's definition of "scab," which seems to me both beside the point and unresolvable. (I worked for a labor union for four years and witnessed many discussions between organizers and workers with far more experience about the true definition of a scab. Some of us called anyone who crossed a picket line—worker or customer—a scab. Others reserved it for replacement workers during a strike. Some contend that it really applies only to union members who work during strikes. When in doubt, don't cross a picket line.)
For Martin, the debate hits home. "I worry about that on a very personal level," she says. "Every time I write something for free, somebody else gets paid less or offered less. I think that's true, and I don't think anyone is disputing that in this argument." But she understands why people do it, and instead of having writers focus on one another, she wants to point the conversation back to understanding the economic system and arming writers with information. "To me the data is just the first step," she says. "It's always interesting to me when people really just want the numbers. But the numbers have stories around them and the stories around them are the important thing. Hopefully a group of workers who are at heart story tellers can figure out a way to talk about it."
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Since Thursday evening, when 23-year-old writer and activist Suey Park sent out a tweet to her 19,000-odd followers—"The Ching-Chong Ding-Dong Foundation for Sensitivity to Orientals has decided to call for #CancelColbert. Trend it."—America's media has been in the grips of some sort of Suey Park-derangement syndrome. Park's call to action came in response to a tweet from The Cobert Report's official account that contained the punchline of a segment from last Wednesday's program. In the bit, Colbert lampooned Dan Snyder, the owner of Washington DC's football team, by comparing the racist name of the team to racist language used against Asians. Dozens of articles have been written about the hashtag campaign. Writers at The Wall Street Journal, Slate, Salon, the Washington Post, Time, the Daily Beast, Jezebel, CNN, USA Today, Huffington Post, the BBC, Mediaite, Entertainment Weekly, and many, many more have all weighed in. Almost without exception (Brittney Cooper at Salon is one of the few) these articles, essays and blog posts agree that Suey Park and the hashtag she spawned are misguided, ill-informed, unable to take a joke, unaware of the meaning of satire and/or just plain stupid.
In addition to the flood of media critiques, Park and others who joined the hashtag have faced a deluge of criticism and abuse from other Twitter users. At some points, dozens if not hundreds of tweets per minute were being addressed to Park. Many followed the script of your typical patronizing mansplainer confronted with a woman he disagrees with and is unable to resist engaging: "Don't you understand what satire is?" etc. But many others contained racist and misogynistic slurs, rape threats, death threats and every other conceivable kind of invective, all directed toward Suey Park.
The mainstream media response to #CancelColbert has been more genteel than that which emerged from the underbelly of the internet. Two exceptions were HuffPost Live and Deadspin. On HuffPost Live, host Josh Zepps came out and said to Park's face what much of the commentariat couched in less offensive language: "It's just a stupid opinion." Deadspin published a post entitled "Gooks Don't Get Redskins Joke," a cravenly cynical ploy to garner traffic and court controversy. (White liberal writers have shied away from criticizing Deadspin, citing the fact that the two authors of the post are Korean-American as some kind of excuse. I don't share their sensitivity. People of color will always find someone willing to pay them money to sell out other people of color. Just ask Amy Chua.)
But for the most part, talented writers have (mis)applied their skills of logic and persuasion to explain why #CancelColbert was a bad idea. I find most of the arguments against Park (and yes I think many of the arguments are aimed directly at Park, even more than at her hashtag) to be fundamentally weak. We have been reminded again and again that Colbert's offensive language against Asians was deployed as satire in order to attack the racism of Dan Snyder, and that the context of the statements are critical to "getting" the joke. This is obviously true, and did not need to be explained to Park, but how this invalidates the concerns of real people who feel real pain when they hear stereotypes about Asians is left unaddressed.
We have been told that, even if Colbert's joke hurt the feelings of some Asian Americans, it was all in furtherance of a greater good—the education of people within his audience who did not realize that the name "Redskins" is an offensive slur until it was compared to anti-Asian slurs. This narrative strikes me as particularly specious. It rests on weighing the education of a group of people who have been hypothesized into existence as more important than the experience of a group of people who are actually speaking out to express their discomfort. If any journalist wants to present evidence of a single person who was moved to change their opinion of Dan Snyder by Colbert's routine, then perhaps we can assign it a social value. I've yet to see any such evidence, and while I would never deny that Colbert's performances are entertaining, there's a difference between entertainment and enlightenment.
We have been told that Colbert's joke was aimed at the abhorrent racism of the name of the Washington football team, and that bringing up the question of racism aimed at Asian Americans is a distraction that will hurt the cause of Native Americans. This is a charge that would be easier to swallow were it not that so many of the writers putting forward this argument have never written about changing the name of the team themselves. Park and many of her fellow #CancelColbert tweeters have a history of engaging in Twitter activism against the team's name alongside Native American activists: See #NotYourMascot as one example. Meanwhile, the idea that Colbert is more valuable to the fight against racism than people of color who are engaging in anti-racist activism on their own terms comes perilously close to a white savior argument that deserves serious scrutiny.
Even if all these arguments against Suey Park were convincing, however, none of them explains why so many members of the mainstream media felt so irresistibly compelled to make them. That's the question that I find most striking about this entire brouhaha. I've spent this past weekend considering the relative comfort and power of columnists at mainstream publications as compared to the 23-year-old activist and asking (in my best Veronica Sawyer from Heathers voice), "What is your damage?" You may not agree with her campaigns or her tactics (I have frequently disagreed with her myself) but do you really need her to shut up so badly?
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I think that the real problem most people have with Park is that she has power. Over the past few days, writers with larger platforms than Park have suggested #CancelSnyder and other variations on the theme to much lesser effect. And yet when Suey Park told her followers to trend #CancelColbert, they complied, and kept the hashtag trending for hours.
The power to direct thousands of people on social media and drive a narrative without permission from any editor, publication or other form of traditional media gatekeeper is one that many in journalism wish they had and (I suspect) believe they deserve more than Park. Who the hell is she, after all? Who gave her permission? We are not used to women of color, and especially supposedly submissive Asian women, acting with such brash disregard of their elders and "betters."
I hope that all the writers who took to their platforms to condemn #CancelColbert and Suey Park ask themselves what they had to lose by supporting her, or at least by remaining silent. From where I stand, the distinction between the internet trolls who want Park to be quiet and the media commenters who want Park to be quiet is narrower than the media commenters would want to admit. Park's influence challenges the traditional power structure of a mainstream media born of and endlessly reinforcing a system of white supremacy. The sheer volume of her detractors says more about their fear of losing influence than it does about anything else.
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Last week, Foreign Policy published a feature on the role of the Academy in foreign policy that asked, among other things, "Where are all the women?" Included with the article was a graph showing that women journalists account for 20 percent or less of the writers at magazines and newspapers covering the economy, global politics, security and national politics. As so often happens with mainstream media debates on diversity, Foreign Policy compounded rather than ameliorated the problem it named by including eight men and only one woman in its panel discussion.
[Editor's Note (3/31/14): The writer of this post did not contact Foreign Policy for comment. We regret the error and apologize to Foreign Policy for the breach of journalistic standards.]
One of the women who could have added to Foreign Policy's debate is Sarah Kendzior, a writer and scholar of Central Asia. In February, Kendzior was approached by a Foreign Policy editor concerned with the demographics of the magazine's audience and seeking advice on attracting more female readers. Kendzior recalls, "I gently noted that FP might have an image problem due to their exclusion and marginalization of female writers." Kendzior suggested that she could write an article on the subject, and Foreign Policy commissioned it. After she turned it in, however, the panel discussion article appeared, and Kendzior learned that her piece had been killed.
The article, "US foreign policy's gender gap," was published later by Al Jazeera English. In it, Kendzior points to structural economic barriers that exclude women (and people of color) from a field that requires significant economic resources to enter, as well as the disrespect routinely aimed at women. On her blog she added, "The problem in foreign policy is not men—it is misogyny. And it is rampant in journalism as well."
I asked Kendzior whether she thinks the same dynamics are at play in other fields of journalism with severe gender imbalances. She wrote: "If you asked me to name female journalists covering foreign policy, economics, or national security, I could quickly provide you with an amazing list of accomplished women. But you will rarely see those women treated with the same respect or compensated in the same way as men. The launch of new media websites with poor gender balance indicates that this problem is getting worse. Although I would like to add that discrimination against people of color is an even bigger problem than gender discrimination—both in foreign policy and in intellectual fields in general."
One of those new outlets is The Intercept, founded by Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras and Jeremy Scahill as the first digital magazine of First Look Media. The Intercept will initially cover the Edward Snowden NSA leaks but plans to expand into a comprehensive news outlet. Like many observers, I was deeply disappointed when The Intercept launched with a staff of twelve that included only three women (Poitras, Liliana Segura, and Marcy Wheeler) and two people of color (Segura and Murtaza Hussain). When First Look announced that Matt Taibbi would be given a digital magazine of his own and The Intercept announced Gawker's John Cook as Editor-in-Chief, my disappointment turned to frustration. Greenwald continued to promise on social media and in interviews that diversity was on its way, but it certainly wasn't immediately apparent.
Is there no room for women and people of color to report on the "very serious" topics of "very serious" journalism that The Intercept will cover? Tressie McMillan Cottom, a sociologist and writer, pointed out in a blog post on punditry that, by replicating the white maleness of old media, new media ventures are simply reinforcing our cultural expectation that white men are the arbiters of expertise. "A mostly white, male pundit class normalizes logic, reason, and expertise as a white guy thing," she wrote.
I spoke to Greenwald about the question of diversity at The Intercept last week. (I also reached out to Poitras and Scahill but they did not respond.) In our interview, Greenwald reaffirmed his commitment to building The Intercept into "a site that will be more diverse than pretty much any other news organization of a similar size and stature." Greenwald said that the desire for diversity at The Intercept is two-fold for the three founders. First, "It's just a matter of basic fairness in employment," he said. "If you don't make diversity a central goal you're going to end up with unfair employment practices because you're just going to end up grabbing a bunch of people who are like you."
But more importantly, he said, diversity is fundamental to the quality of journalism The Intercept is trying to produce: "One of the problems of old media organizations is this incredibly homogenized, narrow range of viewpoints that get expressed. That comes from a really homogenized range of backgrounds—going to the same schools, coming from the same socio-economic environment—which produces a kind of stagnant, herd, groupthink. I honestly believe that in order to be an interesting, vibrant, provocative, innovative news organization you absolutely need diversity, in the people who are editing, and in the people who are writing the journalism."
Greenwald says that the lack of diversity at the outset was "by far the most disappointing thing about our launch," but he explained that it was a result of their need to continue reporting on the Snowden documents while they built the organization. "We had budgetary authority just to hire a handful of people to handle the NSA reporting," he said. "Three young reporters who were going to go through the archive, who know the NSA documents and who have worked on the NSA story, and then a couple of people to do the editing, one of whom was Liiana, one of whom was Peter Maass, and Dan Froomkin who was going to help out with the overall organization."
After talking with him for forty-five minutes, I believe that Greenwald is sincere in his desire to create a truly diverse news organization. Since launching, The Intercept has hired journalists Andrew Jerell Jones, Natasha Vargas-Cooper and Jordon Smith, none of whom are white men. According to Greenwald, an African-American woman will soon be announced as The Intercept's first columnist. These are all steps toward a more promising future for the new publication.
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But the fact remains that the three young reporters The Intercept hired to complete the NSA reporting (Ryan Devereaux, Ryan Gallagher and Hussain) are all men. National security and surveillance is one of those very serious subjects dominated by male journalists. This has implications not just for female journalists trying to break into the field, but for how the issue of surveillance is understood and addressed by Americans.
Women might have already reached parity in covering style, food and gender issues. People of color might gain prominence writing about race or immigration. Those topics are important, but we need their perspectives on foreign policy, national security and other very serious, very white male topics as well. After all, the brunt of surveillance, war and economic injustice is borne not by the most privileged, but by communities of color, migrants, women, the working class and the poor. A journalism more aware of the intersections of race, class and power will be much better equipped to ask the questions that might not even occur to reporters who have never interacted with the state from a position of weakness—whether that's as a person of color subject to intense police repression or a woman whose access to reproductive health care is increasingly under attack.
On March 19, Liliana Segura announced that The Intercept's coverage of the US criminal justice system will be led by herself, Vargas-Cooper, and Smith and will aim to expose "the links between domestic prisons, policing, and criminal justice policies and Guantanamo, drones and post-9/11 foreign policy." Here's hoping this is a better indicator of what's to come from The Intercept than its NSA team.
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Over the past few months, stories about San Francisco have become ubiquitous in the national media. Everyone wants to weigh in on what's being called the San Francisco "culture war." Last week, PBS News Hour became the latest outlet to report on a city facing extreme income inequality, a dearth of affordable housing and an increasingly intense dispute over how the local government should react to the influx of tech companies and tech workers. The conduit for telling this story was everyone's favorite symbol: the Google bus.
The Google buses (what residents call the chartered shuttles that transport San Francisco residents to their jobs at tech company campuses in Silicon Valley) is irresistible to journalists. I'm no exception: my first article after quitting my former job to become a reporter was about Google buses. I attended a hearing of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency packed with more reporters than that room has probably ever seen.
The image of Google buses rolling through the narrow streets of the Mission, tinted windows reflecting scenes of the neighborhood's vaunted Latino culture—murals, vegetable stands, street vendors, pupusa joints—makes manifest the division between the people inside (tech workers) and the people outside (everyone else). In this supposed clash of cultures, the Google Bus represents neoliberal disruptive innovation: the private sector accomplishing what the public sector is too incompetent to do itself. The working-class Latinos waiting at the same bus stops for public transportation are the old San Francisco, creators of the old culture that's being forced out.
The PBS report is just one example of a serious problem with the media's desire to cast what's happening in San Francisco as a "culture war." In an almost eight-minute segment, the Mission's Latino residents are seen but not heard. They are filmed in background shots establishing the milieu of the neighborhood, but only white San Franciscans are interviewed.
Other outlets display the same tendency to privilege the voices of the, well, privileged. New York ran a feature asking "Is San Francisco New York?" that included fifteen articles. Only two of those pieces (by Daniel Alarcón and Hua Hsu) touched on the severe economic stress affecting the city's poor and working class. Most of the rest poked fun at the "culture" of wealthy tech workers with disposable income to spend on bad fashion, expensive coffee and private clubs. The only mention of Asian-Americans (a politically important group that's now second only to whites in the population of this majority-minority city) was one line in an anonymous screed supposedly written by a tech worker about his sexual conquests: "If you look at Secret, 95 percent of it is Asian bitches wanting Drew Houston."
Focusing on culture distracts from the material realities being faced by working-class San Franciscans, many of whom are people of color. By romanticizing the aesthetic output of San Francisco's immigrant communities, the media ignores their humanity, their agency and the actual harm being done to them. The culture is the product of the people, but those people are not being heard.
The emphasis on culture has also led to distortions in the representation of what is actually happening in San Francisco. The tech sector is an important and rapidly growing part of San Francisco's economy, but it still only employs 6 percent of workers in San Francisco. The tourism, healthcare and construction private sectors each employ more San Franciscans than tech. You would have no idea of that fact from most media coverage.
Culture doesn't account for the peculiar realities of formulating a budget in a state where California's Proposition 13 has placed severe restrictions on the ability of cities to raise tax revenue for almost forty years. It doesn't address the fact that San Francisco's housing shortage is exacerbated by the unwillingness of surrounding municipalities to build denser housing within their own borders. It doesn't explain why a recent study found that African Americans, a population already declining dramatically in the city, are being targeted for eviction at a disproportionately high rate. There is more going on here than a clash of cultures.
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In some ways, the media's treatment of San Francisco's working-class communities of color as window dressing mirrors that of the gentrifying young professionals moving to their neighborhoods. The cultural output of an immigrant community is part of the draw for people turned off by the sterility of bedroom communities in the suburbs. People want to be close to the restaurants, the murals and the street festivals. (They don't want to be subject to the same lack of resources and civic neglect that led poorer communities to settle in those areas before, however, and they don't want to deal with crime or visible poverty.) The murals will stay on the walls as long as no one paints over them, but the people who painted them will have to go.
I don't mean to condemn all of the journalists covering San Francisco. Many are doing great work providing a nuanced understanding of the complicated forces at play in the city. But please, no more talk of a "culture war." People are fighting for their right to remain in homes and communities they've worked hard to build. That isn't culture. That's capitalism.
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Last week, freelance writer and In The Fray blogger Tina Vasquez tweeted a challenging question: "If every WoC [woman of color] locked their Twitter account, how many fucking journalists would be out of a job? How many academics out of shit to steal?" The response to her tweet was immediate and strong, with several women agreeing that going private might be a useful experiment. One woman, who tweets as @bad_dominicana, replied, "If we blocked all the editors and writers we dont know and locked lol theyd write on dog fashion."
Vasquez's suggestion came in the wake of the controversy surrounding a Buzzfeed article that aggregated the responses to a question posed by Christine Fox on Twitter last Wednesday: What were you wearing at the time of your sexual assault? The author of the article, Jessica Testa, selected some of the responses to Fox's tweet, added a bit of context, and published it that night. Testa went above and beyond what most journalists do when posting articles comprised of tweets. She reached out to the authors and obtained consent to embed their statements, offering to obscure photographs if so desired. However, she didn't get in touch with Fox, who was distressed to find her image plastered across the Internet and Facebook. A subsequent article at Poynter.org by Kelly McBride inaccurately stated that Fox was not a survivor of sexual assault.
The Buzzfeed article touched off a backlash on Twitter by people, many of them prominent women of color tweeters and bloggers, who want journalists to obtain consent before using their words and images. That backlash led to a patronizing Gawker post by Hamilton Nolan in which he explained, pedantically and at length, that Twitter is public. The Gawker post then inspired several more articles, from The Washington Post and New York about the ethics of using tweets and whether journalists should treat statements from sexual assault survivors differently than others.
The idea of women of color taking collective action to block journalists from reading their tweets is certainly provocative. In one sense, a women of color Twitter blackout would affirm the argument made by Nolan and others that the only way to protect one's words from being used by journalists is not to issue them in a public forum. For people who use Twitter to share ideas and experiences but don't want to be exposed to the audiences of mainstream media outlets, taking one's tweets private—or avoiding the platform altogether—is a form of self-defense.
But there are more radical implications to a Twitter blackout. Implicit in the idea that withholding one's tweets would affect journalists' ability to do their jobs is the notion that tweeters are producing something necessary to the "supply chain" of journalism. A Twitter blackout could be viewed as a form of labor action, with tweeting cast as a form of work. That work is obviously unwaged. Are some Twitter users becoming an unpaid workforce exploited for their intellectual and emotional labor?
I reached out to @bad_dominicana, who prefers to be identified by her handle, to ask her to expand on her tweet. She wrote back, in part: "The cycle isn't a week, but hours after our discussions, the Guardian, Buzzfeed and countless others come to graze off us without ever giving back. Lots of us started pitching and writing for the media that ripped us off to try and get ahead of the cycle and beat the thieves, but its still happening." If a women of color blackout on Twitter occurs, she writes, "It'd be a long time coming."
It would be hard for anyone to deny that Twitter has become an important force driving conversations in the media. Twitter is broadly recognized as a platform through which the audience can interact with the creators of media, providing feedback in a much more direct manner than has ever been possible before. Articles that aggregate "Twitter's reaction to [fill in the blank]" are ubiquitous at online outlets like Gawker, Salon and Buzzfeed. On some occasions a reporter will add context or analysis, but in general the posts are just a collection of other people's words.
In the past year, however, the media's relationship with Twitter seems to have gone even further. Aggregation posts on hashtags like #SolidarityIsForWhiteWomen, #NotYourNarrative and #NotYourAsianSidekick are followed by think pieces, radio panel discussions and cable news appearances. Journalists have ready-made stories, freelancers have ready-made pitches and media outlets rack up page-views. (My own first paid publication was commissioned in response to #SolidarityIsForWhiteWomen, based on tweets I wrote that an editor saw.)
On some occasions a hashtag's creator achieves recognition for her work, as Mikki Kendall and Suey Park have done, and that recognition might produce opportunities to perform paid work—but that is rare. Even then, the other people who joined in and made the hashtag trend go unacknowledged and unremunerated.
In many ways, Twitter is a journalist's dream: It's a digital town square that allows for exact quotes and easy attribution, without having to go through the trouble of cultivating sources and transcribing interviews. But at the root of the push for a Twitter blackout is the sense that real intellectual work is going on on the platform—work that goes beyond the role of "source" for another journalist's post—and that it's then being mined for profit by media organizations.
It's important when considering whether or not Twitter is work to recognize the structural issue of diversity and exclusion in the mainstream media. I don't think it's a coincidence that the media is particularly fascinated with Twitter conversations started by women of color at the same time that women of color are not well-represented as staffers at media outlets. Conversations like #NotYourNarrative are in many ways a response to that lack of representation, and an attempt to force the media to cover the experiences and opinions of women of color when they wouldn't otherwise do so. Now that media outlets are showing interest in the stories that women of color have to tell, preventing those stories from being published under someone else's byline only makes sense. A Twitter blackout, then, is a way of preserving that intellectual work for publication on a media outlet (and for pay).
I'm sure most people would classify this type of tweeting as activism instead of work, akin to offline actions designed to draw media attention to a particular issue. That would assign the tweeters the role of sources (or subjects) who do not and should not expect to be paid. But the fact that media representation is part of what's being protested complicates this dynamic. Is there really no way for women of color to force the mainstream media to stop advancing exploitive narratives without subjecting themselves to the exploitation of providing their intellectual labor for free?
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Another important consideration is the fact that most journalists are themselves working under difficult and often exploitative conditions. While reporters are the most accessible targets of anger, they are themselves under intense pressure from their bosses to produce content as quickly as possible. In any economic system, it's tempting for the people at the very bottom to target those only one rung above them. But a radical restructuring of our media is not going to occur unless pressure is brought to bear on the people at the top, like the private owners of Buzzfeed who ultimately profit from our clicks. Unfortunately, it's hard to imagine solidarity forming between tweeters and journalists in the current contentious climate.
The hypothetical Twitter blackout is, as far as I know, only a hypothetical. I reached out to Tina Vasquez, but she declined to comment, as she is planning to write her own article. Withholding one's labor is always risky business, even more so for those performing invisible work than it is for those performing traditional, waged labor. Without women of color pushing for representation on Twitter, it's possible that the media would revert to inattention instead of seeking out former tweeters to write for pay. The failure of the Huffington Post boycott to gain traction amongst freelancers is one example of how difficult it is to make any change in an industry where so many people are eager for exposure and willing to do work for free. But even the threat of a blackout provides us with the opportunity to reconsider how we view the ideas, conversations and disputes that flow freely on Twitter each day—less as talk and more as something to preserve and flesh out for a wider audience. Foregrounding the important intellectual contributions women of color have made on Twitter is only the first of many steps, but it's a step that needs to be taken before we can move forward to any kind of material, structural change in journalism.
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One of the first things I do when I walk into a room full of people is start counting. How many women? How many people of color? I calculate percentages in my head. I adjust my behavior accordingly.
It's a habit I share with a lot of women of color that I know. It's a piece of the armor. Not that this knowledge protects any of us from the silencing or microagressions or straight-up disrespect that might be heading our way, but there's comfort in quantification.
In the past few months, as I've transitioned out of working in the labor movement and into freelance journalism, I've spent less time in meetings counting faces, and more time in front of the computer, counting bylines. I count people on mastheads. I count the subjects of feature articles.
And so, in honor of the launch today of Nate Silver's data journalism venture, FiveThirtyEight.com, I've decided to inaugurate my guest blog here at The Nation with a data point of my own: based on the 2010 US Census count of the non-Hispanic white population, divided by two, white men account for about 31.85 percent of the US population.
You wouldn't guess the minority status of white men from their representation in the media. White men are everywhere! Studies abound showing the overwhelming prevalence of white men in the media:
• People of color make up only 12.37 percent of newsrooms in the US.
• In a study of evening cable news appearances in April 2013, Media Matters found that out of 1,677 total guests, 62 percent on CNN, 60 percent on Fox News, and 54 percent on MSNBC were white men.
• The annual report on the Status of Women in the US Media from the Women's Media Center shows that men are quoted 3.4 times more often than women in front-page stories in The New York Times, and there are four times as many men as women opinion writers at the major papers.
• According to the annual VIDA Count, more than 75 percent of 2013 bylines in The Atlantic, The London Review of Books, The New Republic, The Nation, The New York Review of Books and The New Yorker were men.
All of these statistics add up to an abject failure on the part of our media to reflect our society as it actually is. Voices of white men are privileged to such a degree that the white male experience is presumed to be the default, and every other experience becomes somehow other. The inherent bias that must result from existing at the intersection of racial, gender, class and every other conceivable privilege is erased. The rest of us are biased, we are told, by virtue of not being white, or male or middle class. The voices that we need to hear, if we are to adequately understand the lives of the other 68 percent, are drowned out, marginalized and ignored.
FiveThirtyEight is just one of several new media ventures launching this year that we are told will change the media as we know it today. Yet, as Emily Bell and others have pointed out, so far FiveThirtyEight, Vox and First Look Media appear to be replicating the same structural problems that produced the white-male dominated media we already have. Silver's initial editorial hires are 31.5 percent women. As far as I can tell, almost all of the male hires are white.
Silver justified the gender balance by pointing out that 85 percent of the applicants were men. When I reached out to ask for an interview, I received the following comment: "Diverse viewpoints benefit a newsroom in myriad ways. As we've hired staff for FiveThirtyEight we've sought to assemble varied viewpoints and continue to make diversity a priority as we move forward."
Please support our journalism. Get a digital subscription for just $9.50!
I'm no stats expert, but I am a baseball fan, and I have to say, Nate, that this isn't baseball. You're not in the running for the batting title because you're hitting above 300. Your numbers suck.
Over the next two weeks, I plan to look more deeply into the question of representation in the media. I hope to bring you interviews with some of these new media moguls, an appraisal of diversity initiatives being undertaken by some media outlets, a discussion about how money plays into all of this, and looks at how the media are messing up the stories of the 68 percent. We need to figure out how to bring about a true revolution in our media, because when a white man with his own media venture can get away with describing his clubhouse by saying, "We're outsiders, basically," the guy we trust to explain the data is just not reading the numbers right.
Read Next: Steven Hill on why there are still so few women in public office


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Hoaxes Throughout History
Middle Ages • Early Modern • 1700s • 1800-1840s • 1850-1890s
1900s • 1910s • 1920s • 1930s • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990s • 21st Century • 2014
1900s • 1910s • 1920s • 1930s • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990s • 21st Century • 2014
Get a text message from Jesus
Here's a news story from a couple of weeks ago that I missed. This Finnish company promised that if you sent their service a text message prayer, you would receive a response from Jesus Christ himself. And Jesus would only charge the very reasonable price of $1.52 per prayer.
via Feedburner
Well, at least they guarantee an answer. Hell-of-a-lot better than priests' can do. Only thing wrong with this idea, of course, is that it is not very ethical to target mentally challenged people in order to get their money.Posted by Samuli on Sat May 22, 2004 at 12:09 PM
What is the number to text "Jesus" on?Posted by Hannah Seymour on Tue Jun 01, 2010 at 11:51 AM
Commenting is no longer available in this channel entry.
All text Copyright © 2014 by Alex Boese, except where otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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Are you Sameer A Parikh?Claim your profile
Publications (17)62.67 Total impact
Article: Hodgkin transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Incidence, outcomes and comparison to de novo hodgkin lymphoma[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Although transformation to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a recognized complication in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), its incidence, clinical characteristics and outcomes are not well defined.We used the Mayo Clinic CLL and Lymphoma Databases to identify CLL patients who developed biopsy-proven HL (CLL/HL) on follow-up, as well as cases of de novo HL (i.e., without prior CLL). Among 3887 CLL patients seen at Mayo Clinic from January 1995 through August 2011, 26 (0.7%) developed HL. In a nested cohort of 2465 newly diagnosed CLL patients followed prospectively, the incidence of HL was 0.05%/year (10 year risk=0.5%). The median overall survival (OS) from date of HL diagnosis in patients with CLL/HL was 3.9 years compared to not reached for de novo HL patients (n=709) seen during the same time interval (p<0.001). The shorter OS of CLL/HL patients persisted after adjusting for differences in age and Ann Arbor stage of disease. The International Prognostic score (IPS) developed for de novo HL stratified prognosis among CLL/HL patients with median survival of not reached, 6.2 years, 2.4 years and 0.3 years (p=0.006) for those with IPS scores of ≤2, 3, 4 and ≥5, respectively. In summary, approximately 1 of every 200 CLL patients will develop HL within 10 years. Survival after HL diagnosis in patients with CLL is shorter than de novo HL patients. The IPS for de novo HL may be useful for stratifying survival in CLL/HL patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.American Journal of Hematology 01/2015; DOI:10.1002/ajh.23939 · 3.48 Impact Factor
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Richter syndrome (RS) is defined as the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to a more aggressive B-cell lymphoma, most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Approximately 5 - 10 % of CLL patients develop this complication during long-term follow-up. Traditional risk factors for future RS include clinical (advanced Rai stage), biological (ZAP-70, CD38, CD49d) and genetic (del17p, del11q) characteristics at the time of CLL diagnosis. The impact of CLL therapy (purine-nucleoside analogue and/or alkylator-based chemoimmunotherapy and kinase inhibitor therapy) on the risk of RS remains controversial. Both heritable (germline) and acquired (somatic) genetic mutations contribute to risk of RS. Germline polymorphisms in genes related to CD38, LRF4, and BCL-2 have been implicated in the development of RS. Somatic mutations contributing to the development of RS include TP53 disruption, c-myc activation, CDKN2A loss and NOTCH1 mutations. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the biological and genetic factors contributing to RS in CLL patients.Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports 09/2014; 9(3). DOI:10.1007/s11899-014-0223-4
Article: Oral capecitabine to prevent recurrent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a lung transplant recipientInternational journal of dermatology 09/2014; DOI:10.1111/ijd.12682 · 1.23 Impact Factor
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Objective To describe the prognostic factors and outcomes of adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare disorder caused by pathologic activation of the immune system. Patients and Methods The study population consisted of a consecutive cohort of adult (age ≥18 years) patients treated at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2011, in whom a diagnosis of HLH was suspected and subsequently confirmed by retrospective review using the HLH-04 diagnostic criteria. Results Of 250 adult patients suspected of having HLH, 62 met the HLH-04 diagnostic criteria and were included in the final analysis. The median age was 49 years (range, 18-87 years), and 42 (68%) were male. The underlying cause of HLH was malignant tumor in 32 patients (52%), infection in 21 patients (34%), autoimmune disorder in 5 patients (8%), and idiopathic disease in 4 patients (6%). After a median follow-up of 42 months, 41 patients (66%) had died. The median overall survival of the entire cohort was 2.1 months. The median overall survival of patients with tumor–associated HLH was 1.4 months compared with 22.8 months for patients with non-tumor–associated HLH (P=.01). The presence of a malignant tumor and hypoalbuminemia were significant predictors of inferior survival on multivariate analysis. Conclusion In this large series of adults with secondary HLH treated at a single tertiary care center, patients with low serum albumin levels and tumor–associated HLH had a markedly worse survival. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis remains elusive and challenging to clinicians who must maintain a high index of suspicion. The recent discovery of several novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities may improve outcomes of adult patients with HLH.Mayo Clinic Proceedings 04/2014; DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.12.012 · 5.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorder with myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative overlap features, and an inherent tendency to transform to acute myeloid leukaemia. Approximately 30% of patients present with clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, while almost 90% have molecular aberrations involving epigenetic regulation, the spliceosome component machinery, tumour suppressor genes and transcription factors/regulators. Numerous prognostic models exist for CMML, with more recent models incorporating prognostic mutations, such as those involving ASXL1. Other variables that seem to consistently affect outcomes include the degree of leucocytosis/monocytosis, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Allogeneic stem cell transplant remains the only curative option for CMML, while hypomethylating agents can be used for transplant-ineligible patients or those without suitable stem cell sources. Targeting biological pathways activated in CMML offers potential hope for more effective and less toxic therapies.British Journal of Haematology 01/2014; DOI:10.1111/bjh.12756 · 4.94 Impact Factor
Article: How we treat Richter syndrome.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Richter syndrome (RS) is defined as the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into an aggressive lymphoma, most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). RS occurs in approximately 2-10% of CLL patients during the course of their disease, with a transformation rate of 0.5-1% per year. A combination of germline genetic characteristics, clinical features (e.g. advanced Rai stage), biologic (ZAP-70+, CD38+ and CD49d+) and somatic genetic (del17p13.1 or del11q23.1) characteristics of CLL B-cells, and certain CLL therapies are associated with higher risk of RS. Recent studies have also identified the crucial role of CDKN2A loss, TP53 disruption, C-MYC activation, and NOTCH1 mutations in the transformation from CLL to RS. An excisional lymph node biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of RS where (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) scan can help inform the optimal site for biopsy. Approximately 80% of DLBCL cases in patients with CLL are clonally related to the underlying CLL and the median survival for these patients is approximately 1 year. In contrast, the remaining 20% of patients have a clonally unrelated DLBCL and have a prognosis similar to that of de novo DLBCL. For patients with clonally related DLBCL, induction therapy with either an anthracycline- or platinum-based regimen is the standard approach. Post remission stem cell transplantation should be considered for appropriate patients. This article summarizes our approach to the clinical management of CLL patients who develop RS.Blood 01/2014; DOI:10.1182/blood-2013-11-516229 · 9.78 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a clonal B-cell disorder characterized by less than 5 × 109/L B lympho- cytes in the peripheral blood, with a characteristic immunophe- notype and no lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. The vast majority of MBL cases express the immunophenotype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; CLL-like MBL), although non-CLL MBL also exists. CLL-like MBL, which is the focus of this review, is divided into low-count MBL (median B-cell count: 0.001 × 109/L, typically identified in population-based screening studies using highly sensitive flow cytometry assays) and high-count MBL (clinical MBL, median B-cell count: 2.9 × 109/L, typically identi- fied during the workup of low-level lymphocytosis). Low-count MBL has an exceedingly small risk of progression to CLL, and these patients do not require any specific follow-up. In contrast, patients with high-count MBL have a 1% to 2% per year risk of progression to CLL requiring therapy, as well as a higher risk of infectious complications and secondary malignancies. Although the overall survival of high-count MBL patients collectively is similar to the age- and sex-matched general population, 5-year survival for high-count MBL with higher-risk biologic parameters appears to be slightly lower than that of the general population. This review summarizes key concepts in the classification, diag- nosis, and biology of CLL-like MBL and addresses several impor- tant issues in clinical management. [Editor's Note: Corrections were made to this article on February 12, 2014.].Clinical advances in hematology & oncology: H&O 11/2013; 11(11):720-729.
Article: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in young (less than 55 years) patients: a comprehensive analysis of prognostic factors and outcomes.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The clinical characteristics and outcomes of younger (≤55 years) patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the era of modern prognostic biomarkers and chemoimmunotherapy are not well understood. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia ≤55 years who were seen at Mayo Clinic between 1/1995 and 4/2012 were compared with those >55 years. Overall survival of patients ≤55 was compared to age- and sex-matched normal population. The characteristics of 844 newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients ≤55 years (median, 50 years) were compared to 2324 patients >55 years (median, 67 years). Younger patients were more likely to be Rai stage I or II (p<0.0001), IGHV unmutated (p=0.002) and ZAP-70 positive (p=0.009). These differences became more pronounced when ≤55 age group was sub-stratified into age ≤45, 46-50 and 51-55 years. After a median follow-up of 5.5 years, 426 (51%) patients ≤55 received treatment, and 192 (23%) had died. Patients ≤55 had a shorter time to first treatment (4.0 years vs. 5.2 years; p=0.001) but longer survival (12.5 years vs. 9.5 years; p<0.0001) compared to patients >55 yrs. However, patients ≤55 had significantly shorter survival than age- and sex-matched normal population (12.5 years vs. not reached; p<0.0001). Our study is the first comprehensive analysis of younger chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients in the modern era. Adverse prognostic markers appear more common among young patients. Although the survival of young chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients is longer than those >55, their survival relative to the age- and sex-matched normal population is profoundly shortened.Haematologica 08/2013; DOI:10.3324/haematol.2013.086066 · 5.94 Impact Factor
Article: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Richter syndrome) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): a cohort study of newly diagnosed patients.[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Nearly all information about patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) who develop diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [Richter syndrome (RS)] is derived from retrospective case series or patients treated on clinical trials. We used the Mayo Clinic CLL Database to identify patients with newly diagnosed CLL between January 2000 and July 2011. Individuals who developed biopsy-proven RS during follow-up were identified. After a median follow-up of 4 years, 37/1641 (2·3%) CLL patients developed RS. The rate of RS was approximately 0·5%/year. Risk of RS was associated with advanced Rai stage at diagnosis (P < 0·001), high-risk genetic abnormalitites on fluorescence in situ hybridization (P < 0·0001), unmutated IGHV (P = 0·003), and expression of ZAP70 (P = 0·02) and CD38 (P = 0·001). The rate of RS doubled in patients after treatment for CLL (1%/year). Stereotyped B-cell receptors (odds-ratio = 4·2; P = 0·01) but not IGHV4-39 family usage was associated with increased risk of RS. Treatment with combination of purine analogues and alkylating agents increased the risk of RS three-fold (odds-ratio = 3·26, P = 0·0003). Median survival after RS diagnosis was 2·1 years. The RS prognosis score stratified patients into three risk groups with median survivals of 0·5 years, 2·1 years and not reached. Both underlying characteristics of the CLL clone and subsequent CLL therapy influence the risk of RS. Survival after RS remains poor and new therapies are needed.British Journal of Haematology 07/2013; DOI:10.1111/bjh.12458 · 4.94 Impact Factor
Article: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: DISEASE OVERVIEW: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder that is classified as a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm by the 2008 World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic tumors. It is characterized by absolute monocytosis (>1 × 10(9) L(-1) ) in the peripheral blood that persists for at least 3 months. Patients may present with symptoms related to cytopenias and/or an underlying hypercatabolic state with drenching night sweats, splenomegaly, and weight loss. DIAGNOSIS: The diagnosis of CMML rests on a combination of morphologic, histopathologic, and chromosomal abnormalities in the bone marrow, after careful exclusion of other conditions (both malignant and nonmalignant) that can cause monocytosis. Numerous molecular abnormalities have been recently recognized in patients with CMML-unfortunately, no single pathognomonic finding specific to CMML has been identified thus far. RISK STRATIFICATION: The International Prognostic Scoring System for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cannot be used to risk stratify patients with CMML because this model excluded patients with a leukocyte count >12 × 10(9) L(-1) . Other risk stratification models such as the MD Anderson prognostic score and Dusseldorf score have been published. In the only model that took karyotype into account, bone marrow blasts ≥ 10%, leukocyte count ≥ 13 × 10(9) L(-1) , hemoglobin < 10 g/dL, platelet count < 100 × 10(9) L(-1) , and presence of trisomy 8, abnormalities of chromosome 7, or complex karyotype were found to be independent predictors of adverse survival. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY: The Food and Drug Administration has approved azacitidine and decitabine for the treatment of patients with CMML based on two pivotal trials in MDS. Novel classes of agents including immunomodulatory drugs, nucleoside analogs, and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors are being investigated in the treatment of CMML. With the advent of reduced intensity conditioning, an allogeneic stem cell transplant has also become a viable option for a subset of patients.American Journal of Hematology 06/2012; 87(6):610-9. DOI:10.1002/ajh.23203 · 3.48 Impact Factor
Article: The reply.The American journal of medicine 09/2010; 123(9):e21. DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.04.022 · 5.30 Impact Factor
Article: Portal Vein Thrombosis[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Portal vein thrombosis is a condition not infrequently encountered by clinicians. It results from a combination of local and systemic prothrombotic risk factors. The presentation of acute thrombosis varies widely from an asymptomatic state to presence of life-threatening intestinal ischemia and infarction. In the chronic stage, patients typically present with variceal bleeding or other complications of portal hypertension. Abdominal ultrasound color Doppler imaging has a 98% negative predictive value, and is considered the imaging modality of choice in diagnosing portal vein thrombosis. Controlled clinical trials to assist with clinical decision-making are lacking in both acute and chronic portal vein thrombosis. Oral anticoagulant therapy is initiated if the risks of bleeding are low, but long-term anticoagulation is generally not recommended in patients with concomitant hepatic cirrhosis. The roles of invasive therapeutic approaches such as thrombolysis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt continue to evolve. This review conflates dissenting views into a rational approach of managing patients with portal vein thrombosis for the general internist.The American journal of medicine 02/2010; 123(2):111-9. DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.05.023 · 5.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Portal hypertension is one of the most important complications of chronic liver disease and accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. Measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is a simple, invasive, and reproducible method of assessing portal venous pressure. Measurement of HVPG provides the clinician an estimate of the degree of intrahepatic portal flow resistance, guides therapy for variceal bleeding (primary and secondary prophylaxis), assesses feasibility of resection in patients with hepatocellular cancer, and predicts response to therapy of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Achieving hemodynamic targets of reducing the HVPG to <10 mmHg or a 20% reduction from baseline virtually eliminates complications related to portal hypertension from chronic liver disease. This review explores the role of HVPG measurement in the contemporary treatment of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Digestive Diseases and Sciences 10/2008; 54(6):1178-83. DOI:10.1007/s10620-008-0491-8 · 2.26 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare necrotizing vasculitis that can be progressive and fatal, and its initial presenting symptom may be leg claudication due to peripheral vascular ischemia. To date, there have been fewer than ten case reports of polyarteritis nodosa presenting as peripheral vascular disease. We report a case of a 38-year-old man initially diagnosed to have premature peripheral vascular disease who presented 1 year later with symptoms consistent with giant cell arteritis and subsequently developed bowel ischemia leading to a fatal outcome. Based on the autopsy and the patient's clinical course, the final diagnosis was polyarteritis nodosa. This case illustrates the challenges in diagnosing polyarteritis nodosa and the importance of considering vasculitis in young patients presenting with atypical presentations of diseases such as peripheral vascular disease or giant cell arteritis.Journal of General Internal Medicine 07/2008; 23(9):1528-31. DOI:10.1007/s11606-008-0683-0 · 3.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Postpartum reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, also known as postpartum cerebral angiopathy, is clinically characterized by headache and focal neurologic deficits, and angiographically by transient, fully reversible cerebral vasoconstriction. A 26-year-old woman was brought to the emergency room with a 3-day history of confusion, agitation, and headache. She was 2 weeks postpartum. She went on to develop right leg weakness two days after admission. A cerebral angiogram showed diffuse irregularities of all intracerebral vessels, and MRI showed multiple acute infarcts. Her clinical condition improved significantly over the next several days without any intervention, and she was discharged. MRA 3 months after initial presentation was normal. It is important to consider this syndrome in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with headache and focal neurologic deficits in the postpartum period.The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 10/2007; 334(3):222-4. DOI:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318141fc69 · 1.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its incidence has increased dramatically in the United States because of the spread of hepatitis C virus infection and is expected to increase for the next 2 decades. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and chronic heavy alcohol use leading to cirrhosis of the liver remain the most important causes. The diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer rests on a combination of radiologic, serologic, and histopathologic criteria. Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment. Resection of the tumor and other percutaneous therapies are more commonly used in practice, because most hepatocellular cancers are detected at an advanced stage. Patients who are at high risk for the development of hepatocellular cancer should be screened with an ultrasound of the liver every 6 months. The prognosis is dependent on both the underlying liver function and the stage at which the tumor is diagnosed. The aim of this review is to familiarize internists in screening, diagnosis, and referral of patients with hepatocellular cancer in an appropriate and timely fashion.The American journal of medicine 04/2007; 120(3):194-202. DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.11.020 · 5.30 Impact Factor
Critical Pathways in Cardiology 01/2004; 3(3). DOI:10.1097/01.hpc.0000139282.31130.c8
Top Journals
Mayo Clinic - Rochester
Рочестер, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Hematology
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Medicine


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Posted May 10, 2013
After I read the summary, I was interested in reading what the author had to add or dispute about how women can get and/or keep a relationship with the opposite sex. So I bought the ebook and staerted reading and became increasingly dissapointed by the poorly written work. I find it difficult and frustrating to read published work that is full of grammatical errors and poor sentence structure. I didnt care for the content of the book either. The ideals described seemed a bit sexist and closed-minded. The flow of book as a whole seemed a bit choppy and rough. The author seems to abruptly move from one statement or opinion to the next before fully explaining his ideals and smoothly transitioning between them. Im glad it was only 3 dollars wasted and not more.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted May 27, 2012
Bad grammar , And a very sexist point of view.
I was hoping to read a book that was motivational toward women. Instead, this was the opposite. There are so many sexist comments in the first few pages , I couldn't see how this book was anywhere near the category of self help when he clearly degrades women.
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Litchfield's Warren earns two medals at state swim meet
MINNEAPOLIS -- Litchfield freshman Marissa Warren had a top five finish Saturday in the finals of the Class A State Swimming and Diving Meet at the University of Minnesota Aquatic Center.
Warren placed fifth in the 100 butterfly with a time of 58.28, just under two seconds behind the winning time of 56.38 turned in by Detroit Lakes senior Melissa Paakh.
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Musician, Write, Artist, Hardcore Gamer. Don't be afraid to hit me up! I love a good game session.
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Cycling Arizona: Gay Arizona Bike Tour
Cycle miles of pristine bike trails on this gay Arizona bike tour. Enjoy city life in Tucson then ride south to see historic landmarks, rugged canyons, and blazing sunsets. Cross the border for a Mexican feast, and soak up the colorful character of the American Southwest.
Dates: April 11 to 18, 2015
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Valhalla Knights 2: Battle Stance
I need infos
1) Whats a good job combo for a fighter?
2) Can someone please explain what specialty these jobs can do: anchor, enchanter, ninja and knight
hey its me.. have a nice day
anchor can cast heal, effect and attack spells. enchanter can cast effect spells. so far that's what i know. check the "skills" part of the menu on the character with that main job to check their unique abilities.
hey its me.. have a nice day
anchor is basically mage and preist merged.... it's the advanced caster class that unlocks both attack and healing spells....
enchanter specializes in curses and there are spells later that only they can cast... bonuses to special status (yay for parallel paralyze, dark, and petrify)
ninja is basically the advanced thief class. Doesn't have the speed bonus but gets much more hp per level and can wield a bow like thief. Basically a high-defense thief....
knight is a mix of fighter and priest. Can use most of the fighter and priest weapons (can hold a shield with a wand or sword) and can use all healing spells.
don't forget to mix and match and give everyone sub-classes, and rotate your classes every 5 levels or so. i look at cards mostly as a chance to get more easy levels. Also don't waste your time leveling more than 3 chars early on since you'll get auxillary characters from quests that are already leveled and have an extra job class.... no need to split off your experience and gear on characters you aren't going to want later.


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Bonus quote for 1 June
lilosophieJune 1, 2012
If happiness is supported by personal stability, it will eventually wear down the stiffest barrier and win over the hardest heart. True joy is a beacon in the world, and though it is indeed rare, its presence is an indication of great good fortune, both now and in the future. How could it be otherwise?
The I Ching


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"It was easy to personalize. I love the choices of fonts. The quality of the paper and printing is GREAT. And the fact that I got an email confirmation on how it would look before our invitations get printed is awesome! Especially because we customized it for our own. I don't normally write reviews but I had to do it for this one because my fiance and I were simply amazed. The style is simple yet classic and chic at the same time. Delivery was fast too, I ordered it on Monday, got the confirmation on Wednesday and received the shipment on Friday!"
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"This invitation was perfect! It is the exact color we wanted and goes well with our theme. We had to have some changes to the text (since everything did not fit) but the designers were great with taking our notes and incorporating the changes before sending a proof! We also had one quick change after the first proof was sent, and the second and final one was sent the same day! Really fast turnaround. My fiance's biggest concern was the paper thickness (still not really sure why.) But as we stuffed the envelopes and sealed them up, he was really impressed by the quality, texture, and feeling of the paper. Could not have had a better experience or product! Thanks so much!"
"The trun around time from proof to doorstep was quick The online staff were extremely helpful and accommodated a special request to have a photo on the back of the card. It turned out great."


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Catch your favorite moments from past seasons of High School Quiz Show! Watch students from around Massachusetts go head-to-head and get ready for Season 6.
Grandpa teaches Caillou about telescopes. Later, Caillou thinks there's a monster in his bedroom, and when the lights go out, Dad starts a fire in the fireplace.
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Even in the face of drawdowns and budget challenges, the Army must continue to think of new and better ways to improve the force, and that's exactly what participants were asked to do during the Unified Quest Innovation Symposium Jan. 13-15.
The Army announced Jan. 15 female Soldiers will be allowed to attend the Army's Ranger course and possibly earn the coveted Ranger tab. A few women who may attend the Ranger course this spring began a 16-day Ranger Training Assessment Course.
"The Liberian mission demonstrates the flexibility of the DCGS-A program in supporting a myriad of Joint Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Multinational mission sets our commanders face in today's complex world," said Maj. Gen. Bob Ashley, ICoE CG.
"This problem of sexual assault and sexual harassment is absolutely an insider threat to our military," said Lt. Gen. Robert B. Brown. "Trust is the most important thing in our Army, and this tears at the very fabric of our Army team."
Army instructors have a challenging and rewarding responsibility - to prepare today's Soldiers and future leaders. U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command instructors train and educate about 500,000 Soldiers and leaders annually.
As Aviation evolves, so must the maintenance facilities and training aids that go along with it. Russell Hall, U.S. Army Aviation Center of Excellence deputy to the commanding general visited the 128th Aviation Brigade at Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Jan. 8.
Lt. Gen. Robert Brown, Army Combined Arms Center, commanding general, visited Fort Sill, Jan. 20, to discuss the Army's greatest asset, its Soldiers, and how the "human dimension" is vital to combating current and future conflicts.
The Maneuver Center of Excellence is seeking the approval of senior Army acquisition officials for a plan to choose from readily available vehicles and field some 300 of them to the service's global response force, under the 18th Airborne Corps.
For Khanh Vu, director of the Society of Asian Scientists and Engineers, one man's mission to have an impact on the next generation of leaders has led him to view the Army as an opportunity to develop more leaders among the Asian heritage community.


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Countering Overseas Threats:
DOD and State Need to Address Gaps in Monitoring of Security Equipment Transferred to Lebanon
GAO-14-161: Published: Feb 26, 2014. Publicly Released: Mar 4, 2014.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-7331
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
What GAO Found
The United States allocated $671 million for Lebanese security forces from fiscal year 2009 through fiscal year 2013. Of these total allocated funds, $477 million, or 71 percent, had been disbursed or committed by the end of fiscal year 2013. Nearly all of the allocations made in fiscal years 2009 through 2011 had been disbursed or committed. For the largest program, Foreign Military Financing, the Department of Defense (DOD) had committed about $352 million of the $481 million allocated in fiscal years 2009 through 2013.
Consistent with end-use monitoring requirements, DOD and the Department of State (State) conduct annual inventories for equipment transferred to Lebanese security forces. However, GAO found gaps in efforts to document and monitor physical security of some U.S. equipment transferred to Lebanese security forces that may weaken efforts to safeguard physical security of some equipment. First, while DOD annually inventories sensitive equipment by serial number, as required by its policy, U.S embassy officials in Beirut have not always used DOD's required checklists to document compliance with physical security safeguards. Second, State did not fully document 4 of the 10 end-use monitoring checks it conducted in fiscal years 2011 and 2012 for defense equipment the Lebanese government purchased commercially. State end-use monitoring guidance requires that specific information be documented and maintained for all such checks. Third, while State conducts an annual inventory of the equipment it transfers to the Lebanese security forces, State may not be ensuring that the recipients of defense articles implement recommended physical security safeguards because State lacks procedures to identify defense articles and any recommended safeguards for storing them.
GAO estimates that State vetted 100 percent of the Lebanese students that attended U.S.-funded security-related training from October 10, 2010, through April 30, 2013, for human rights violations. On the basis of a cross-check analysis of vetting data and a sample of names from six training rosters, GAO estimates that State vetted all of the 7,104 Lebanese students that attended training during that period.
Why GAO Did This Study
Since 2009, the United States has allocated $671 million in security-related assistance for Lebanon to train, modernize, and equip the Lebanese Armed Forces and Internal Security Forces. The U.S. government established end-use monitoring programs to ensure that defense equipment is safeguarded. The Foreign Assistance Act prohibits certain assistance to any unit of foreign security forces if the Secretary of State has credible information that such a unit has committed a gross violation of human rights. GAO was asked to examine U.S. security-related assistance for Lebanon.
This report assesses the extent to which the U.S. government (1) disbursed or committed funds allocated for Lebanese security forces in fiscal years 2009 through 2013, (2) implemented end-use monitoring for equipment transferred to Lebanese security forces, and (3) vetted Lebanese recipients of U.S. security-related training for human rights violations. To address these objectives, GAO reviewed laws and regulations, analyzed agency data, and interviewed officials in Washington, D.C., and Beirut, Lebanon.
What GAO Recommends
GAO recommends that DOD ensure U.S. officials use required checklists to confirm Lebanese facilities' compliance with required safeguards, and that State maintain proper documentation of end-use checks and establish formal procedures to ensure that bureaus identify defense articles and any recommended physical security safeguards for storing them. DOD and State concurred.
For more information, contact Charles Michael Johnson, Jr., at (202) 512-7331 or email@example.com.
Recommendations for Executive Action
Status: Open
Comments: The Department of Defense reported publishing policy guidance to all security cooperation organizations, including the Office of Defense Cooperation in Beirut, directing them to use checklists to conduct enhanced end-use monitoring. GAO will continue to monitor Defense's efforts to address this recommendation.
Recommendation: To help ensure that U.S. agencies are in a better position to ensure adequate safeguards for and monitoring of sensitive equipment, the Secretary of Defense should take additional steps to ensure that Office of Defense Cooperation officials in Beirut use the checklists required during the physical security checks.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Status: Open
Comments: According to the Department of State, State maintains records of cables and emails that document each Blue Lantern end-use check. However, GAO noted that State's records did not always contain all the required information specified in State's guidance. GAO will continue to monitor State's efforts to address this recommendation.
Recommendation: The Secretary of State should direct the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls and U.S. officials overseas to maintain cables or e-mails as required by State guidance to document each Blue Lantern end-use check.
Agency Affected: Department of State
Status: Open
Comments: The Department of State agreed that it should consult with the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) on classification of defense articles. As of January 2015, State is in the process of revising its end-use-monitoring policy in consultation with the DDTC. GAO will continue to monitor State's efforts to address this recommendation.
Recommendation: The Secretary of State should direct State bureaus transferring equipment to foreign security forces under security-related assistance programs to establish formal written procedures to identify whether items are defense articles.
Agency Affected: Department of State
Status: Open
Comments: As of January 2015, the Department of State is in the process of revising its end-use-monitoring policy in consultation with the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls. GAO will continue to monitor State's efforts to address this recommendation.
Recommendation: The Secretary of State should direct State bureaus transferring equipment to foreign security forces under security-related assistance programs to establish formal written procedures to consult with the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls to determine if there are additional safeguards recommended for the transfer of the defense articles.
Agency Affected: Department of State
Explore the full database of GAO's Open Recommendations »
Mar 19, 2015
Military Personnel:Actions Needed to Address Sexual Assaults of Male ServicemembersGAO-15-284: Published: Mar 19, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 19, 2015.
Mar 16, 2015
Operational Contract Support:Actions Needed to Enhance the Collection, Integration, and Sharing of Lessons LearnedGAO-15-243: Published: Mar 16, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 16, 2015.
Mar 12, 2015
Defense Acquisitions:Assessments of Selected Weapon ProgramsGAO-15-342SP: Published: Mar 12, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 12, 2015.
Mar 2, 2015
Defense Acquisitions:Better Approach Needed to Account for Number, Cost, and Performance of Non-Major ProgramsGAO-15-188: Published: Mar 2, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 2, 2015.
Feb 26, 2015
Defense Logistics:Improvements Needed to Accurately Assess the Performance of DOD's Materiel Distribution PipelineGAO-15-226: Published: Feb 26, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 26, 2015.
Feb 24, 2015
Acquisition Reform:DOD Should Streamline Its Decision-Making Process for Weapon Systems to Reduce InefficienciesGAO-15-192: Published: Feb 24, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 24, 2015.
Feb 18, 2015
Contingency Contracting:Contractor Personnel Tracking System Needs Better Plans and GuidanceGAO-15-250: Published: Feb 18, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 18, 2015.
Feb 11, 2015
Building Partner Capacity:DOD Should Improve Its Reporting to Congress on Challenges to Expanding Ministry of Defense Advisors ProgramGAO-15-279: Published: Feb 11, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 11, 2015.
Defense Business Transformation:DOD Has Taken Some Steps to Address Weaknesses, but Additional Actions Are NeededGAO-15-213: Published: Feb 11, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 11, 2015.
Jan 29, 2015
DOD Acquisitions:Opportunities May Exist to Increase Utility of Nondevelopmental Items Pilot ProgramGAO-15-285: Published: Jan 29, 2015. Publicly Released: Jan 29, 2015.
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6 Mar 2015The 18th Australian Engineering Heritage Conference is to be held in Newcastle, NSW, hosted and organised by the Newcastle Division of Engineers Australia and Engineering Heritage Australia.
26 Feb 20151975 Civil Engineering Graduates Reunion 18th April 2015
9 Jan 2015A consortium led by the infrastructure engineering faculty at Melbourne University has been tasked with checking the Murray Darling Basin Plan's worth.
9 Jan 2015The organisation that was to manage the project has been disbanded by Victoria's new Labor government.
6 Jan 2015An expert group within peak engineering body Engineers Australia has today questioned the basis for a recent decision by the Queensland Minister for State Development, Infrastructure and Planning, Jeff Seeney, to order Moreton Bay Council to remove all references to climate change induced sea level...
The National Committee on Water Engineering (NCWE) is one of four specialist groups affiliated with the Civil College. We are the peak representative body for Water Engineering issues and services to members.
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7 Apr 2015Dr Mark Diesendorf, Associate Professor and Deputy Director of the Institute of Environmental Studies at the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
9 Apr 2015Members of the Queensland ATS chapters and visitors are invited to attend our Technical Session to be held on Thursday 9th April 2015. The topic is "Legacy Way Tunnel Brisbane"
9 Apr 2015Dr Mark Diesendorf, Associate Professor and Deputy Director of the Institute of Environmental Studies at the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
18 Apr 2015Time: 10:45am for 11am sharp - 12pm | St Kilda St, Elwood
21 Apr 2015Allan's presentation will focus on the design and development of micropile technology in Australia and will provide case study examples of both slope stability and deep foundation projects where micropiles have solved difficult engineering problems to provide a robust and efficient design solution.
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Social Media for Local Government and GIS / Geo Tech - Part 1
A Presentation at MISA BC, Sidney BC discussing the use of social media by official local government agencies, with emphasis on the GIS department and Geo user. A look at social media policies, tools, uses, and the impact of social media on mobile technology, opengov, local government, and citizen engagement - see also #MISABC and gisuser.com/content/view/24578/2/
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Hi everyone! I'm pretty new at making hard cider. I am worried my first attempt has failed miserably.
I followed the recipe below and am ready to bottle. However, I tried some and it was horrible. No apple/raspberry flavor. Just wondering if I did something wrong?
5 Gal Apple Cider (made sure there was no preservatives)
2 lbs frozen raspberries (no preservatives or added ingredients)
1 pkg champagne yeast (used Red Star brand)
3/4 cup priming sugar (corn) haven't used yet
1. Place cider in fermenter and pitch yeast (Original Gravity at 1.045)
2. Ferment for 7-10 days (10 in this case) then transfer to secondary fermenter
3. Steep raspberries in enough 150-degree water to cover for 20 mins, add raspberries and water to fermenter.
4. Ferment for 2 weeks, rack to 3rd fermenter and let sit for 3-4 days
This is where I am now. (Gravity is now 1.000)
Any suggestions as to what I did wrong or am I on the right track?
Thanks for all your help!!!
Apple juice ferments down very low. A sub 1.000 gravity wouldn't be surprising. No worries.


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Blog Category: Youth
How Alternative Spring Breakers Are Changing Communities Across America
Take a look back at the powerful impact the ASB movement made this year.More
- Education
- United Way Network
- Youth
Volunteers Decide to Go Read Across America
"You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose. You're on your own. And you know what you know. And YOU are the one who'll decide where to go..." So writes Dr. Seuss in Oh, The Places You'll Go. On Read Across America Day, United Way volunteers have decided where to go to read this children's classic: local child care centers and schools, to help build a nation of readers.More
United Way Applauds Congressional Movement on the Extension of CHIP
Action is needed now to ensure continuity in health coverage for low-income children and pregnant moms
In recent days, Congress has responded to requests from governors, providers, advocates, and families alike by introducing legislation and publishing a discussion draft to quickly extend funding for the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). While CHIP exists in law through FY2019, funding for Chip will end September 31, 2015 unless Congress acts. If Congress fails to act now, upwards of 2 million children and pregnant mothers could lose their health insurance, and millions more could be shifted to plans with less appropriate benefits at higher costs to them as well as the taxpayer.More
Top 3 reasons you should join our U by Kotex Alternative Spring Break
You could spend this spring break watching Netflix and cleaning sand out of all your clothes. Or you could spend it in the nation's capital working with a group of 25 college-aged women to empower women and girls in service and advocacy.More
Today is National Youth Enrollment Day!
United Ways across the country are helping their neighbors understand their health care options. We know that families are more financially secure and kids do better in school if everyone has access to quality, affordable health insurance. We also know that young adults have the highest rate of uninsured in the country. So with a deadline of February 15 quickly approaching, why wait? United Way can help you get enrolled today.More


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business phone: 360.688.1242
fax: private (contact us first, we love sigils but not in our fax pile.)
general webmail: email@example.com
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• Note: Send us your preferred name and contact information and we'll add you to our super-elite contacts list! Nobody ever sees your personal information but izi or myself. We are deadly serious about that sort of thing.
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A lot of people has been going on a rant that Battlefield 4 is the glitchiest, crappiest and uncomplete battlefield.
I agree with you. But was BF3 any different. BF3 was glitchy and unbalanced as hell at launch. It's definitely better now.
BF4 is more unbalanced and glitchy than BF3. Yes !
But you people need to remember that DICE had to make a game that is multi-generational. BF4's glitches and what-not's are expected.
The real problem is...... where is battlefield going ?
I mean Battlefield used to be just about conquest and conquest assault. Rush was a cool new game mode that I heartedly welcomed into battlefield. But TDM, Obliteration and all these new modes are just taking up too much time that the devs could have used to complete the game.
BF3 had all these new game modes after all the DLC and some of them were barely used after their launch.
I personally think Battlefield had to add more modes to market their game.
Also another thing is the weapons.
I'm so tired to see a recent player's stats only to find he has 10000 kills with a certain gun and that's basically it. Where is the diversity and the skill. Showing the world that you have 10000 kills with one gun and barely 100kills with the other guns or showing the world that you are an all rounded player that can play with all the guns in a certain class or even all classes? You had to adapt to recoil, spread, reload time etc. You look better than the player who has 10000 kills with one gun.
I just want battlefield to exceed and be the best FPS but at the moment it isn't where it should be.
COD is the true abomination. BF is the gentleman's game. Let's keep it that way.


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As Casey Kasem would say, "This next track is from Slim Thug, and it's going out to everyone who's ever hated on the Houston emcee, in fact, it's called Dedicated to My Haters. Enjoy." Did I just date myself with a Casey Kasem reference? Oh well, the point is that whether you like it or not, the hating won't ever completely cease, so you may as well embrace it, an attitude Slim Thug's most definitely taken on this new promo single. While an appropriately synthish beat from Beanz N Kornbread winds in the background, Slim Thug drops rhymes that might make an English teacher cringe ("more bigger, more larger") but that should serve as a serious warning to anyone considering trying to stop his game. Dedicated to My Haters isn't currently slated to appear on Slim's next solo album, which currently has no title or release date, so you'll just have to keep it locked to DJBooth.net for more info.
Written by Nathan S. on 01/4/10
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Xavante indigenous peoples from Marãiwatsédé, located in Mato Grosso state, with Paulo Adário, Greenpeace Amazon campaign director visit the Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior ship, moored in Mauá Pier, in Rio de Janeiro. The vessel serves as a platform for the group to remember the promise, made from Eco 92, that invaders would be taken from their territory. Greenpeace will focus at the Rio+20 Earth Summit on ending the Wild West exploitation of our High Seas, on achieving a zero deforestation law in Brazil.06/19/2012
© Marizilda Cruppe / Greenpeace
Take a peak into an Indonesian peatland forest. We hope this video brings you a moment of peace.
This underwater footage was taken off of British Columbia in the Salish Sea. It's a great display of Earth's diversity of life. We hope this video brings you a moment of peace.
Take a moment to swim with beautiful dolphins, penguins, and seals.
Most footage of the seals and penguins was taken off the coast of New Zealand's sub-Antarctic Auckland Islands.
We hope this video brings you a moment of peace.
Thanks to everyone who keeps sending in these stinkers! Go to http://worstjoke.org to find out how your very worst can save the arctic!
"I shouldn't be alive right now," says Leila Mendez as she looks out her window at the smokestacks billowing just across the way. "And I am." Leila believes that God spared her life so she could stay here and fight: to shut them down.
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Fortunate to be escaping winter and spending your holidays in Oahu? You picked a great time to visit one of the world's most famous vacation destinations. While the weather is lousy in most of the rest of the country, it's just about perfect in Hawaii. Of course, this tropical destination is never lacking for things to do. However, evoking the Christmas spirit is sometimes difficult when you're soaking in the Hawaiian sunshine. We won't cry you a river. Nevertheless, believe it or not, the island features many holiday events in December. Here are a few Oahu holiday attractions to get … [Read more...]
Hawaii Holiday Attractions 2014
Christmas in Hawaii
If you're lucky enough to be spending Christmas in Hawaii, you may be wondering just what there is to do during the holidays in the tropics. While Santa may have traded in his warm red suit for a more appropriate flowery Hawaii shirt, you can be certain that Hawaiians and their holiday visitors get in the spirit just like their friends in the contiguous United States. The most popular Hawaiian destination, both during the holidays and year round, is the island of Oahu, known as "The Gathering Place." Oahu offers a diverse mix of outdoor recreation and water sports, beautiful scenery, … [Read more...]