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EMI FILTER DESIGN DESIGN TEAM 15 Executive Summary: Team 15, under the guidance of BOSCH, has been assigned the task of designing an active electromagnetic filter to reduce two kinds of conducted noise (Differential and Common mode) from the power system bus of an automobile. The filter will be designed to handle a 13.8 V DC potential as well as a current of up to 20 A. Parameters such as cost, size and safety will be optimized while maintaining the stringent regulations specified by the FCC as well as BOSCH. This paper will not only explore the design process and benefits of an active (vs. passive) filter, but also the components (LISN, PWM) designed in order to test the active filter. 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 1 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 3 2 Background ..................................................................................................... 4 3 Design Specifications .................................................................................... 5 3.1 Frequency Response ................................................................................ 6 3.2 DC Parameters ......................................................................................... 6 3.3 Noise Suppression .................................................................................... 6 3.4 Desirable Specifications ........................................................................... 6 3.5 Test Setup Specifications ......................................................................... 6 3.6 Line Impedance Stabilization Network ..................................................... 7 3.7 PWM Motor Driver..................................................................................... 7 4 Conceptual Design ......................................................................................... 7 4.1 LISN: Line Impedance Stabilization Network .......................................... 8 4.2 Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) Circuit Design: ...................................... 10 4.3 Active Filter Design ................................................................................. 12 5 Risk Analysis ................................................................................................ 14 List of Figures Figure 3: Test Setup for Measuring Conducted Emissions ...................................................7 Figure 4: LISN ..........................................................................................................................8 Figure 5: LISN Behavior at higher frequencies......................................................................9 Figure 7: AStable PWM Circuit ............................................................................................11 Figure 8: Monostable Circuit Design ....................................................................................11 Figure 9: Active Filter Design ...............................................................................................12 Figure 10: Basic Inductor Model ...........................................................................................14 Figure 11: Impedance of Inductor over frequency range .....................................................14 Figure 12: Capacitor Model ...................................................................................................15 Figure 13: Impedance of Capacitor over frequency range..................................................15 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 2 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 1 Introduction With the advance of automotive engineering a variety of critical (anti-lock breaks/, air bags etc.) and luxury (onboard GPS) electrical loads have been implemented. The number of loads a vehicle employs is increasing and appears to continue this growing trend. The issue here deals with the limited amount of space for which these loads can be laid out amongst the vehicle. It is crucial that all loads located within the vehicle function as intended and do not interfere with other loads or itself, while in an increasingly congested electromagnetic environment. Electromagnetic compatibility did not take priority until the early 20th century, when the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) created a document regarding equipment and procedures for testing these electromagnetic interferences. The growing speed and minimization of the overall size of micro- electronics in the late 70"s led the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to step in and begin regulating the electromagnetic energy a given device could emit. In modern times automotive EMC standards are anything but static. Manufacturers/designers must ensure not only the functionality of the product but its reliability given circumstance, to guarantee the safety of the customer. Not too long ago certain gas stations decided to spare their costumers a few minutes at the pump with the introduction of the "Speed Pass", a small cylinder that conveniently fits on a persons key chains. This device, in the eyes of many, seemed to be a time saver. Simply pull up to the pump, put gasoline into the vehicle, swipe and drive away…if you could. A select few who happened to own the "wrong" car were able to follow the previously mentioned procedure upon entering the gas station, with the exception of the final step, driving away. The "Speed Pass" is classified as a RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Devices). When the "Speed Pass" is placed within range of a device capable of reading the information on it, radio transmitted signals issued by the reader energizes the chip within the "Speed Pass" allowing the information to swap. Unfortunately for a select few, the device the "Speed Pass" was coming into contact with was the ignition of their vehicle. Radiated EMI (electromagnetic interference) was preventing the user"s car from starting, but whose fault is it? The customer for using the convenient tool while unaware of the risk, the gas station for trying to help their customers or the designer for not realizing every possible device the "Speed Pass" was to come in contact with. The point being made here is that the blame at least to its full extent does not belong to one individual or set of individuals. What will most likely happen is the following: the designer will redesign the "Speed Pass" by means of shielding and or adding an electromagnetic filter to the circuit in hopes of reducing the radiated emissions. The project contained in this document focuses mainly on conducted emissions (versus Radiated), and that stories of cars not starting (as above) or blowing up at the end of an assembly line (due to a combination of improper grounding and fast fueling) are all results of EMC and should not be taken lightly. 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 3 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 In order to prevent these issues from occurring, it is critical that the designer of a product use proper shielding and or filtration techniques. This is where team 15 comes in, with a proposed and soon to be implemented design and test setup an Active Electromagnetic Filter for a DC automotive cooling fan motor. 2 Background It was mentioned that an active filter was to be designed vs. passive. The goal here is to remove the large passive filter commonly used in manufacturing today, and replace it with active op-amp circuitry and a smaller set of passive components, essentially forming a hybrid. Filters in general have two common tasks: 1.) Removing unwanted signals and 2.) Enhancing wanted signals. A passive filter is essentially a filter consisting entirely of passive components (resistors, capacitors and inductors). These electric components do share a common need when performing their intended functions, the need to consume energy. Depending on the complexity of the circuit the power required could become costly. This is the primary reason why active filters are now making their way into circuit design. Active filters are a type of Analog electronic filter. Analog often refers to a continuous signal in which small fluctuations do matter. Active filters consist of one or more active components which can be used to provide gain rather then consuming. Active filters are now being used for two primary reasons. First, the Op-amp circuitry within the filter can aid in shaping the filter"s response. In order for a passive filter to gain this same control one must place additional inductors into the design, which often leads to more electromagnetic interference (going against the purpose of the filter). Second, the amplifier used could essentially buffer the filter from the electrical components it is driving. The focus of this paper is to suppress conducted emissions (vs. Radiated). Radiated emission often propagate through free-space or any non-conductive material. In order for the coupling to take place the two objects need only be on an order of a couple wave lengths apart. A prime example of this is the "Speed Pass" from the introduction. The pass itself was never inserted into the ignition, yet placed close enough for electromagnetic waves to interact. Conductive emissions (our concern) on the other hand occur over a direct or conductive materialized path between the two devices (power cords, antenna terminals or even a metal casing placed around the electronic device). It is also fairly common for ac power cords of a given length, to act as an antenna, either bringing in or sending unwanted signals which could alter the output or functionality of the device itself or other devices in the area. The main objective is to suppress the (conducted) noise generated from a DC automotive cooling fan motor when it is turned off/on (as commonly performed in the automotive industry when testing the speed of a motor). 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 4 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 There is one final concept that must be touched upon before getting into the design specs. The noise from the DC motor exists in two modes, Differential and Common. Differential mode current flows in opposing directions in regards to ground and VDD as shown in the circuit above on the right. Figure 1: Differential Current The common mode current will travel the same direction across wires, starting at the source and moving towards the load. This is shown in the circuit to the left. The referenced ground provides a path back to the noise source for the common mode current. The tricky part comes with the application of measurements and knowing how to isolate the Figure 2: Common mode two modes. A solution has been implemented and Current will be further explained below, in the Conceptual Design of a LISN, portion of the lab. 3 Design Specifications The active filter design must meet or exceed a stringent set of test requirements. Because these parameters must be precisely measured, the design specification shall be divided into two segments; the first segment describes the active filter specifications, and the second describes the testing setup specifications. 3.1 Active Filter Feasibility Specifications The active filter design is targeted to reduce conducted emissions on the power system bus of an automobile. Bosch provided the primary specifications that the active filter design must meet. The parameters specify the frequency range that the filter must operate on, the DC parameters, and the level of noise suppression that the filter must achieve. Table 1 summarizes these requirements. Table 1: Active Filter Design Requirements Frequency Range 150kHz – 108 MHz Input DC Voltage 13.8 V Maximum Load Current 20 A Common Mode Insertion Loss 60 dB or greater at 250kHz Differential Mode Insertion Loss 70 dB or greater at 250kHz Input Impedance Range 0.1 Ohms – 100 Ohms Output Impedance Range 0.1 Ohms – 100 Ohms 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 5 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 3.2 Frequency Response The frequency response range of interest includes all international and domestic radio broadcast frequencies, from AM through FM broadcast bands. The noise suppression requirements are designed in part to protect automobile receivers from harmful interference. Satisfaction of this requirement is required for the design to be feasible. 3.3 DC Parameters The active filter is planned for use on the power supply bus of an automobile. Further, it will be suppressing noise generated by PWM motor/controller assemblies, like power steering pumps. Thus, the filter must operate on and pass (with little power loss) a 13.8 V DC potential, with currents as high as 20 Amps. This requirement must be satisfied by the filter design. 3.4 Noise Suppression The active filter must introduce an insertion loss for common mode noise of at least 60 dB (measured at 250 kHz). Also, the filter must introduce an insertion loss for differential mode noise of at least 70 dB (again measured at 250 kHz). Significant insertion loss is also desired along the rest of the frequency range of interest (described above). The insertion loss shall be measured with an input and output impedance match of 50 ohms; however, the filter must also suppress noise when the input and output impedances are significantly mismatched (0.1 through 100 Ohms). 3.5 Desirable Specifications Aside from the primary requirements listed earlier, the active filter also should satisfy a variety of secondary design constraints. Because of the targeted application (in automobiles), the cost of the device should be minimized. Also, the device reliability should be considered, both in choosing components and circuit structure. Safety is an important consideration, as failure of the filter could, if not designed properly, endanger the automobile"s occupants. 3.6 Test Setup Specifications To test the active filter for compliance with the feasibility requirements, a test setup will be required. Figure Y shows a test setup for measuring the conducted emissions of the active filter. A more extensive discussion of this test setup is provided in CISPR 25, a standard from the IEC. The Department of Engineering at MSU is providing access to a suitable spectrum analyzer. The 13.8V source will be a suitable automotive battery. The motor shall be a PMDC type, rated for 13.8V at 20 Amperes. The design team must fabricate the PWM driver for the motor, as well as the Line Impedance Stabilization Network, or LISN. 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 6 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 LISN 13.8 VDC PWM MOT Source Driver LISN Ground Plane Spectrum Faraday Analyzer Cage Figure 3: Test Setup for Measuring Conducted Emissions 3.7 Line Impedance Stabilization Network The LISN devices used for the test setup shall be fabricated to comply with the standards outlined in the IEC standards document CISPR 25. Briefly, the device shall couple the DC source to the PWM driver with a low impedance, and decouple the spectrum analyzer from the spectrum analyzer at DC and low frequencies. In the frequency range of interest, the LISN shall effectively disconnect the battery from the PWM driver, and present the spectrum analyzer with a 50 ohm impedance suitable for measuring conducted emissions. Important design considerations for the LISN are cost and compliance with the CISPR 25 specifications. 3.8 PWM Motor Driver The PWM motor driver, along with the motor, shall provide the noise source for the conducted emissions test setup. The PWM driver shall switch at a frequency of 10kHz, and provide for variable duty cycle and rise/fall time (to change the generated noise harmonics). The output driver must be capable of switching 20 A currents at 13.8 VDC, with an additional safety margin to prevent failures. Cost, reliability, and safety, along with proper noise generation, are primary considerations for this design. 4 Conceptual Design 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 7 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 4.1 LISN: Line Impedance Stabilization Network A LISN is simply a low pass filter placed between the power supply and the PUT (product(s) under testing). Generally speaking the LISN must maintain characteristic impedance to the PUT and isolate the PUT from unwanted Radio Frequency signals (AC and DC) while allowing the desired voltage and current to propagate towards the PUT. The LISN is capable of performing any of the following four tasks: Provide the product(s) under testing with an adequate power supply. Must focus and feed noise disturbances through the measurement points. Prevent external noise from near by (connected) devices which may take part in the testing setup. Provide constant impedance with respect to frequency which allows for consistent measurements from location to location along the circuitry. The circuits shown below (Figures 3, 4 and 5), prior to simplification, taken from module 11 of the course notes written by a Michigan State EM research team under the supervision of the National Science Foundation GOALI program, appears to be (with minor alterations) suited for our design specifications Figure 4: LISN Looking first at the inputs/outputs one can count a total of three. For the purpose of the filter testing only two inputs/outputs are needed (in regards to the LISN). The green wire will be removed being as we are only concerned with DC. Let us begin by focusing on the 50uH inductors placed on the phase and neutral wires. At higher 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 8 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 frequencies these passive components will act as open circuits and prevent any external noise produced by the power supply from interfering with the circuitry (task #3 of the 4 listed above). The 1uF capacitors are short circuited at high frequency and will act as a path, for noise already existent in the circuitry, diverting it from the measurements. Next come the 1kΩ resistor and .1uF capacitor. In the case a DC surge is present within in the schematic the .1uF capacitor will absorb it, preventing an build up at the input of the test receiver. The 1kΩ resistor will remain a failsafe for the .1uF capacitor in the event it was to discharge and the 50Ω resistor was removed. The 50Ω is essentially the impedance seen by spectrum analyzer when looking into the cable input of the LISN. So the spectrum analyzer will be hooked up to the LISN where the 50Ω dummy loads are placed, and will measure the spectral composition of the circuit. Both an AC and DC spectrum analyzer are provided in the laboratory at Michigan State, and do not need to be designed. Lets take a look at the LISN circuit over a range of high frequencies (capacitors becomes shorts and inductors become opens). Figure 5: LISN Behavior at higher frequencies As mentioned before the green wire shall be ignored. Shown above is the directionality of the common/differential mode currents (along with the phase/neutral currents) which will need to be suppressed. In order for the suppression of these two noises, they must both be isolated and measured one at a time. This can easily be done using two LISNS. One will be connected from the positive terminal of the power supply (13.8V battery) to ground, and the other LISN from the negative terminal of 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 9 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 the battery to ground. This will provide the total current on each of the two wires (phase and neutral). If focusing just on the common and differential currents, the following algebraic maneuvers can be performed to get either one of the two currents. For the understanding of these maneuvers take note of following: the common mode current is moving in the same direction with respect to the two wires, and the different mode current runs in opposition amongst the two wires. Adding the current on both wires will force Id (differential mode) to cancel out leaving 2*Ic (common mode). Simply divide by two and you have now achieved the measurement for the common mode current. Subtracting the two wire"s currents in the same fashion will yield Id (differential mode). Common mode choke coils are also a common way of separating the two currents. In simplicity it is a wire wound about a ferrite core. When common mode currents enter the wire a magnetic field is produced causing impedance which blocks the currents path (inductor). On the other hand, if differential currents runs through the wire, the magnetic field produced by each current will cancel out (Id1 moves in opposing direction then Id2) essentially equaling a wire. Although this technique is straight forward it can become costly (depending on the number of chokes needed) not to mention the inductances produced by the coiled wire could drastically effect the measurements. The schematic seen on the left appears to be the LISN design that will be used to test the active filter, when the time comes. It is slightly more simple then the above model, and not does utilize the green wire. As of now the only component not existent in the picture is a possible metal casing that will Figure 6: LISN Design exist around the LISN, providing a path for the common mode current. 4.2 Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) Circuit Design: Pulse Width Modulation deals with the modulation of duty cycle to control the amount of power delivered to the load. According to the specifications provided by the sponsor, a 10 kHz PWM circuit is needed to operate the DC motor. In order to design the PWM circuit, 555 timer IC will be used. To design a PWM circuit with variable duty cycle, potentiometer to vary the duty cycle and the frequency of the pulse generated. An astable circuit will be used to control the frequency of the PWM. The design of the circuit is shown in the Figure 4 below. Resistor RA will be replaced with a potentiometer to obtain the desired variable frequency circuit. 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 10 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 Figure 7: AStable PWM Circuit A monostable circuit will be designed to achieve the variable duty cycle circuit. The input of the monostable circuit will be connected to the output of the astable circuit. The design of the monostable circuit is shown in the Figure 8 below Figure 8: Monostable Circuit Design By Connecting the two circuits (astable and monostable), we can not only achieve a variable duty cycle, but also a variable frequency range. With the current design in mind, it is expected to attain a frequency range of 7.5 kHz to 13.5 kHz and duty cycle of 33% to 91%. 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 11 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 4.3 Active Filter Design A couple different designs for the active electromagnetic filter are currently being analyzed. One based on the topology of a Low-pass filter and the other a Band-pass filter. It was noted in the design specifications that a frequency range, 150 kHz- 108MHz, is needed which is why a band-pass filter is being considered (upper and lower end cut-off frequency). The band-pass filter would require a higher mathematical understanding and could become extremely tedious. However at the same time offer a much higher precision due having multiple cut off frequencies. A low-pass filter would be a lot easier to implement however would end up letting in signals corresponding to frequencies lower then 150 kHz. Regardless of difficulty team 15 will utilize which ever design yields the most promising results. Another design spec was designing the filter to vary with a 60 dB/dec slope. To produce such quality, multiple filters (three to be exact) must be placed in series. A physical representation of this is seen below in Figure 1. Z4 Z5 Vdd 8 V1 3 + 1 V2 Z1 Z3 2 - Z2 4 Figure 9: Active Filter Design This type of setup is commonly known as Multiple Feedback Filters. The circuit above as mentioned in the background would be a hybrid (passive/active). Z1-Z5 represents the passive portion of the design, and consists of resistors and capacitors. The op-amp here will provide gain to the filter via feedback and will not consume power (as its passive equivalent had). The General Equation used to analyze the Multiple Feedback Filters is shown below. 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 12 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 V2 Y1 Y3 V1 (Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 )Y5 Y3 Y4 The values for the above equation will be placed into more detail once the team has decided on the filter to be used for the project (Low-pass / Band-pass). In the event the Band-pass filter is proven to be dominant the following transfer function can be used. w H BP O s Q V2 O V1 w s 2 O s wO 2 Q O To equate the numerators, it is necessary to select either Z1 or Z3 to be a capacitor, because the power of "s" is still one. Pick Z3 as a capacitor and Z1 as a resistor, then the type of Z4 and Z5 becomes very obvious; Z4 is a capacitor, and Z5 has to be a resistor now. And Z2 could be either a resistor or a capacitor, let Z2 be a resistor. Then the transfer function is represented as shown Figure 3 below. And its simplified form let us determine values of impedances by comparing Figure 3 to Figure 4. It must again be stressed that these equations only account for a 20dB/dec slope and a series connection must be made to accommodate a 60dB/dec slope 1 sC3 V2 R1 V1 1 1 1 R R sC3 sC4 R s C3C4 2 1 2 5 1 s R1C4 1 1 1 1 s 2 s R C C 5 4 3 R1R2 R R C3C4 R5 1 2 A low-pass filter design would follow closely to this procedure however as mentioned prior, the mathematical computation would become less intense. 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 13 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 5 Risk Analysis Since the EMI filter deals with the high frequency, special care will have to be undertaken while designing the PCB layout. This is due to the reason that at higher frequency, the capacitors and inductors change their impedance and their behavior which needs to be accounted for while designing the circuit. The passive components tend to have variable impedance over the wide range of frequencies. While simulating the active filter in PSpice, the actual models of resistors, capacitors and inductors need to be placed. The actual model of the inductor is given by Figure 10: Basic Inductor Model Figure 11: Impedance of Inductor over frequency range 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 14 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010 The actual model of the capacitor is given by Figure 12: Capacitor Model Figure 13: Impedance of Capacitor over frequency range If ideal capacitors and inductors are used to simulate the behavior of the circuit, the results will be deviating from the actual circuit response. Hence, special care needs to be taken to ensure maximum circuit performance. 81308f86-000d-460b-974a-5901c5874ed3.doc Page 15 of 15 Printed March 11, 2010
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Popular Houston Bakery Now Offers Vegan Options
Crave Cupcakes opened its doors to dessert lovers of every dietary persuasion by adding healthier options to its sweet menu.
Houston's Crave Cupcakes has been baking up a sugary storm for more than five years, and has just announced the addition of gluten-free, sugar-free, and vegan cupcakes to its permanent menu. The bakery debuted a red velvet cupcake as its first plant-based offering, and according to The Houston Press, "Crave has done an excellent job creating the same tasty red velvet cake without dairy and eggs." The cruelty-free cupcake is made with Texas red cocoa, non-hydrogenated vegetable oil, and soy-based cream cheese, and is available daily at both Houston locations. In addition to the rapidly growing vegan options in the city, Houston Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals recently made a notable push forward for animal welfare, teaming up with Texas A&M University to create the nation's largest and most comprehensive animal medical program.
Vegan Beer and Food Festival Returns to Los Angeles
Tickets are on sale now for the the annual festival at Southern California's Rose Bowl.
Read More »
Animal Activist and Simpsons Co-Creator Dies
Passionate animal advocate, Sam Simon, passes away after giving away millions to animal organizations.
Read More »
Ringling Bros. to Eliminate Elephants from Circus
Citing growing public concern, elephants will no longer be part of the circus.
Read More »
Indian State Bans Consumption of Beef
In landmark legislation, the sale and consumption of beef has been banned in India's second largest state.
Read More »
Vegan Street Fair Comes to Los Angeles City Streets
Annual outdoor food festival takes over Hollywood streets.
Read More »
More Flashbacks
- James and Suzy Cameron's Elementary School Goes Vegan
- US Government: Eat a Plant-Based Diet
- New Study: Vegan Diet Benefits Childhood Obesity
- Celebrity Vegans to Host Italian Tour This Summer
- Best-selling Cookbook Author to Open Vegan Restaurant
- California Appeals Ruling to Overturn Foie Gras Ban
- Vegan Iron Chef Returns to San Francisco
- Glen Merzer's "Off the Reservation"
- Beyonce to Co-Launch Vegan Meal Delivery Service
- IKEA to Introduce Vegan Swedish Meatballs
- Introducing the Animal Cruelty Exposure Fund
- Dairy Industry Launches Anti-Vegan-Milk Campaign
- Chipotle Mexican Grill Promotes Vegan Option
- Award-Winning Vegan Restaurant To Close Its Doors
- ASICS Launches Vegan Running Shoe for 2015
- A Brief History of Calif.'s Prop 2
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- The Coming Legal Personhood of Animals
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subset: commoncrawl


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EATING WELL; New 'Low-Carb' Foods Aren't All-You-Can-Eat
By Marian Burros
Published: April 14, 2004
IN the last two years, more than 1,000 products labeled ''low-carb'' have made their way to the nation's grocery shelves, appealing to dieters' sense that they can snack to their hearts' content, as long as the snacks have no carbohydrates. But some scientists question whether that is true, or whether the products will do what nonfat foods did a decade ago: make people fatter.
To reduce the carbohydrates, most so-called low-carb products substitute soy flour or cellulose (not unlike wood pulp) for refined flour, artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols for sugar, high fructose corn syrup and the like.
The theory behind them, and low-carb diets in general, is that eating refined carbohydrates creates a surge in blood sugar, raising insulin. Insulin breaks down the sugar, making you hungry again. But eat protein, fat and fiber, and lay off the carbs, the theory goes, and you can eat your fill and still lose weight.
How much of these products you'll really want to eat is questionable. Taste is not their biggest selling point. Even an official of Frito-Lay, which is coming out with low-carb versions of Doritos, Cheetos and Tostitos, acknowledged that.
The products ''would have an aftertaste because of the soy protein,'' said Lynn Markley, a senior vice president for communications at Frito-Lay. ''But compared to similar low-carb products, they taste pretty darn good.''
Some scientists and dieters fear that people will respond to the products the same way dieters a decade ago took to no-fat and low-fat foods, gorging with what they thought was impunity, and getting fatter in the process. Calories still count.
Dr. David Ludwig, an associate professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the obesity program at Children's Hospital in Boston, said the products may make people feel a bit more full than ''highly refined carbohydrate junk foods, but I don't recommend them.''
Dr. Ludwig added, ''If people overeat on these foods, they will not lose weight.''
Even adherents of low-carb diets are divided about their usefulness.
Michelle Barrett, a low-carb dieter from Oak Park, Mich., doesn't like what she sees. ''I've looked at the low-carb foods,'' Ms. Barrett said. ''There are so many synthetic things in them and they don't taste very good, and there are more carbs than there should be. I'm afraid they are going to mess me up.''
Others find prepared low-carb foods helpful. Dee Scott of Frisco, Texas, a media specialist for the local school district, said she and her husband rely on them. They make a shake with a drink mix from Atkins Nutritionals, the company that markets the Atkins diet, adding the sweetener Splenda and whipped cream. For lunch her husband has one of the prepared meals, a candy bar, a no-carb gelatin and a low-carb drink. For breakfast they have a low-carb cinnamon bar.
Dr. Arthur Agatston, who created the South Beach diet, is considering his own line of low-carb foods. Low-carb snacks filled with fiber, he said, are much better than high-carb snacks without fat; the former fill you up, the latter make you hungrier.
But he acknowledges that the trend can be overdone. ''People may make their whole diet on low-carb processed foods and miss the nutrients from whole food,'' he said. ''We really want people to have regular meals of whole foods.''
Most of the products labeled low-carb now list their ''net carbs'' or ''effective carbs'' (total carbohydrates minus fiber and sugar alcohols) even though the Food and Drug Administration has no definition for those terms. Sugar alcohols like sorbitol, maltitol and lactitol are carbohydrates that are generally believed to have little impact on blood sugar levels. But there is some evidence to the contrary.
Sorting out the claims is an urgent concern for the agency. ''It's a jungle out there,'' said Dr. Lester Crawford, acting commissioner. The agency has sent warning letters to some companies but has taken no legal action. Its report on carbohydrates has been delayed, but is coming out soon, the agency said.
In the meantime the Agriculture Department has issued guidelines for the products it regulates -- meat and poultry -- which permit the use of terms such as ''carb conscious'' and ''carb wise,'' terms that do not imply a specific level of carbohydrates. The department also allows terms like net carb, effective carb and ''net impact carbs,'' as long as the meaning of the terms is clearly defined.
The F.D.A. worked with the Agriculture Department to write those guidelines, which suggests it may approve of them.
In Canada, the government has just announced that no low-carb claims will be permitted on food labels and that all must be removed by next year.
The Grocery Manufacturers of America, a trade association, has filed a petition asking the Food and Drug Administration to define carbohydrate claims including ''low-carb,'' which the organization says should mean no more than nine grams of total carbohydrates per serving.
The Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nutrition advocacy group that frequently criticizes the food industry, wants the Food and Drug Administration to prohibit the net carbs claim because the meaning is unclear.


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FireKing 4-Drawer Legal File
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Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Vertical filing cabinet
|Style: Contemporary
|Primary Material: Metal
|Fire Resistant: Yes
|Drawers Included: Yes
|Locking: Yes
|Commercial Use: Yes
About the ManufacturerFKI Security Group has been committed to loss prevention since its beginning in 1951 as a manufacturer of high-quality FireKing fireproof files. After acquiring Meilink in 1991 and Gary Safe Company and NKL Industries in 1999, it evolved from records protection into a broad-based security company. Today, having added Image Vault™ (multifunction digital recorders) FireKing is fast becoming one of the premier security and loss prevention companies in the nation.
Every product they make, whether it carries the FireKing name or that of one of their subsidiaries, is manufactured using the latest available technology. So, whether you're looking for a simple fire safe to store overnight receipts or a computer-based intelligent safe to protect against employee theft, or anything in between, if it's from the FireKing family of products, you know it'll protect your company's assets. FireKing products have stood up to tornadoes, fires, falls and break-ins. And just as important, they've stood up to the test of time. No wonder FireKing works with America's foremost companies and their products are distributed in over 85 countries worldwide.
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David from Texas
A buddy gave me this file cabinet, took three people to move it. I moved it into the house with the help of a Tractor today. I did not know it weighed 1021 lbs moving it the rope slipped off and it fell about 2 Ft. Fell straight down vertical never hurt it, move it inside with some pipes. Want to know if there is a lock I can buy, this one was gone.Good looking cabinet i need a lock for it. See Ya
Issues with lock
Frustrated from Indianapolis, IN– Verified Buyer
So far we have not had a good experience with our file cabinet. We have had a tech to our home on 3 seperate occasions to resolve an issue with the lock that came on the file cabinet. To date, we still cannot lock the file cabinet.
OUR SKU # FK10074-Drawer Legal File is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 4-2157-2 (black), 4-2157-2 (black) (w/ 3002 Lock), 4-2157-2 (black) (w/ 3006 Lock), 4-2157-2 (black) (w/ E-Lock), 4-2157-2 (brown), 4-2157-2 (brown) (w/ 3002 Lock), 4-2157-2 (brown) (w/ 3006 Lock), 4-2157-2 (brown) (w/ E-Lock), 4-2157-2 (champagne), 4-2157-2 (champagne) (w/ 3002 Lock), 4-2157-2 (champagne) (w/ 3006 Lock), 4-2157-2 (champagne) (w/ E-Lock), 4-2157-2 (parchment), 4-2157-2 (parchment) (w/ 3002 Lock), 4-2157-2 (parchment) (w/ 3006 Lock), 4-2157-2 (parchment) (w/ E-Lock), 4-2157-2 (pewter), 4-2157-2 (pewter) (w/ 3002 Lock), 4-2157-2 (pewter) (w/ 3006 Lock), 4-2157-2 (pewter) (w/ E-Lock), 4-2157-2 (platinum), 4-2157-2 (platinum) (w/ 3002 Lock), 4-2157-2 (platinum) (w/ 3006 Lock), 4-2157-2 (platinum) (w/ E-Lock), 4-2157-2 (sand), 4-2157-2 (sand) (w/ 3002 Lock), 4-2157-2 (sand) (w/ 3006 Lock), 4-2157-2 (sand) (w/ E-Lock), 4-2157-2 (tan), 4-2157-2 (tan) (w/ 3002 Lock), 4-2157-2 (tan) (w/ 3006 Lock), 4-2157-2 (tan) (w/ E-Lock), 4-2157-2 (taupe), 4-2157-2 (taupe) (w/ 3002 Lock), 4-2157-2 (taupe) (w/ 3006 Lock), 4-2157-2 (taupe) (w/ E-Lock)


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Aika is a high school girls who loves capturing memories and remembering them with photography. One day, an accidental encounter with Kei Takazawa causes her to break her precious camera, much to her dismay! Demanding that Kei help her fix it, the two decide to skip class to do so - and create plenty of their own memories in the process!
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|Industry Recognition
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I am an associate in Lazer Aptheker Rosella YedidsLitigation practice group. Ive been involved in all phases of litigation, including initial pleadings,... moreView all photos and/or videos
If you're a current or former client, share your thoughts (anonymously, if you prefer). Would you recommend this lawyer to other clients?Review this lawyer
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Hi. I am wondering since the site is all In Chinese, and I only speak English. Is the Quiss me Rom in English?
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2 votes
Why Economic Freedom? Here's Why by Tom WoodsSubmitted by RoadtoSurfdom on Fri, 04/05/2013 - 11:02
Tom Woods makes the case for economic and monetary freedom to a general audience
Update: Sorry link now available.
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Hi my baby is 8 months 4 weeks now bt she hasn't teeth,crawl,or stand @ her own is de anytn rong wth her thanx?
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TopicsTOP RESOURCESPOPULARFinding out if you're pregnant
If you're trying for a baby, each month there's that "Am I, aren't I?" moment. So, is this the month you find out that you're going to be a mum? We have all you need to know…
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Finding the perfect baby name can be tough! Check out the top baby names of 2014 and get inspired.
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Demi Lovato Thanks Friends, Fans for Support, Votes
She didn't get to give an acceptance speech at the People's Choice Awards, but Demi Lovato, 18, still wants to give her fans a little love.
The Disney star, who has been seeking treatment for "emotional and physical issues" since November, posted a thank-you message on her Facebook page Saturday, three days after she picked up two trophies at the fan-voted awards show.
"I wish to thank all the friends and fans who voted for me for the People's Choice Awards and the Hot Hits Hottest Teen Stars of 2010," wrote the singer-actress, who nabbed the
Favorite TV Guest Star award for her "Grey's Anatomy" role and Favorite Family TV Movie for the Disney flick "Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam." "I want to make sure my fans know how thankful I am for all their love, support and prayers during this difficult time. Thank you for standing beside me through it all."
And while the starlet was allowed a leave from her treatment center to spend Christmas and Christmas Eve with her mother, stepfather and two sisters, an insider says she's not checking out just yet.
"It's entirely up to the treatment to see how long she will be in there," says the source. "She will stay as long as the doctors tell her she needs to stay."
See what other celebs were People's Choice Award winners
Find out who the most influential people under 35 are
Demi's show goes on without her
PHOTOS: Other troubled child stars
PHOTOS: Check out Demi and the Jonas Brothers in better times
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Cute Fam Moments!
Check out Sarah Michelle Gellar and Freddie Prinze Jr.'s cutest family moments on Instagram on today's Celebs Gone Social.Watch Video »
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From Jennifer Lopez to Reese Witherspoon, check out these priceless red carpet throwback pictures!Watch Video »
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Sofia Vergara poses in a revealing neon bikini while her "Modern Family" castmates hit the beach in Australia on Celebs Gone Social.Watch Video »
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Dwayne Johnson chats "Furious 7" and dishes on his teen daughter's love of trucks with Wonderwall.Watch Video »
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Property Details
House, 4 Bedrooms, 3 Baths, 16 Sleeps
Several Lake Views from this expansive home...inside is larger than these pictures
show! There is a separate and very private with separate entrance Mother in Law downstairs suite can be included..fully self-contained with its own garage.
This upper home is gorgeous and HUGE with 3 bedrooms, 2 baths (one of the
bedrooms is quite large and has two queen beds, views, easy chair (TV of course), with lake and mountain views! The master (also large) features a king bed, TV, and view of
the lake...has its own 3/4 bath...the dining room has a view of the
lake...so does the living room...9 windows total look out at the
lake! And of course the outside terrace with patio table set has great views of the water.
This is the upstairs home, so the views are spectacular...
(downstairs is a separate or attached 1 bedroom
suite including kitchen, living room and separate garage may be
rented also...call Terry and check for availability)
Back to the upstairs...It is beautifully decorated with
fireplace, entertainment center with
surround sound, lotsa seating including reclyner...this living room
has it all...the perfect entertainment home...even a separate dining
room/sun room area overlooking the lake and a large outside terrace
with another dining room set, all overlooking the lake! Your back
yard features a large Jacuzzi, a 16 foot long above-ground pool to
cool off in, BBQ and patio tables, chairs and chaises for your
comfort. Don't forget the professional sized pool table in the
giant, floored garage underneath your living room! Kitchen is huge
with island and lots of storage area...look out at the Arizona
mountains as you stand at your sink/counter area.
Walk to the Big Lots/99 Cents Only and shopping center...three or four restaurants, Staples, Radio Shack, Ace Hardware and a whole lot of other stores are there for your convenience. Plus, you are just three to four minutes to the Windsor Beach Launch ramp.
Recent Review
Great clean place to stay
Terry, Julie, Kevin!
About the Owner
1 Reviews
1 traveler review
Great clean place to stay
Terry, Julie, Kevin!
Activity and Interests
Welcome to Havasu! A water-lover's dream that now has it
all...swimming, boating, jet skiing, fishing, water skiing, cliff
diving, plus a big, new Aquatics Center with a beach style wave
pool, spa,and big water slide. Havasu has a large bowling center, a
Senior Center, large Library,tons of restaurants, Home Depot, three
golf courses, rollerskating areas, tennis, 4-wheeling (ORV) areas
surrounding the city...and the most gorgeous natural vistas this
side of the Rockies. We are just a hour South of Laughlin, NV...the
gambling town on the Colorado River...and just 2 1/2 hours Southeast
of Las Vegas. ( Ask me how to get a free round trip boat ride to the
other side of the lake...California....where Havasu has its own
Casino, Lounge and restaurant where you can dine right on thelake
and watch the sunset on the Arizona side.)
Rental rates
- Nightly Rate: $189 - $375
Weekly Rate: $1199 - $1700
Monthly Rate: $1899 - $2400
Holiday: (3-Night Minimum)
Sec authorization req. (a hold on a credit card or a hard money deposit)
Cleaning $189 min.
Ask about our great Novcan come with or without lower homeember and Decembe rates!
Rates subject to change.
Can come with or without lower home.
- 12
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- Today
Property Type
- house
- Adventure
- Budget
- Family
- Luxury
- Romantic
- Spa
- Air Conditioning
- Internet
Pool / Spa
- Hot Tub
- Outdoor Pool
- children welcome
- pets considered
Location Type
- Beach View
- Lake View
- Mountain View
Sports & Adventure Activities
- golf
- 3 Bathrooms
- Bathroom 1
- Bathroom 2
- Bathroom 3
- 4 Bedrooms, Sleeps 16
- Bedroom 1
- Bedroom 2
- Bedroom 3
- Bedroom 4
- Outdoor Grill
- Lake views from several rooms, Pool,Spa, Pool Table, Washer/Dryer (in separate laundry room), dishwasher, look at the mountains while at the sink. Double door fridge, range, three desks in the home, entertainment center with surround sound, DVD, VCR...three VCR's total, 4 TVs...one in every bedroom plus master...don't bring more than a toothbrush and a beach towel to this lovely home, it is fully vacation-equipped! Please ASK regarding your pet.


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A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs). The information may be a specialist in web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories, which are maintained only by human editors, search engines also maintain real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler.
Human-based computation (HBC) is a computer science technique in which a machine performs its function by outsourcing certain steps to humans. This approach uses differences in abilities and alternative costs between humans and computer agents to achieve symbiotic human-computer interaction.
In traditional computation, a human employs a computer to solve a problem; a human provides a formalized problem description and an algorithm to a computer, and receives a solution to interpret. Human-based computation frequently reverses the roles; the computer asks a person or a large group of people to solve a problem, then collects, interprets, and integrates their solutions.
Social search or a social search engine is a type of web search that takes into account the Social Graph of the person initiating the search query. When applied to web search this Social-Graph approach to relevance is in contrast to established algorithmic or machine-based approaches where relevance is determined by analyzing the text of each document or the link structure of the documents. Search results produced by social search engine give more visibility to content created or "touched" by users in the Social Graph.
Social search takes many forms, ranging from simple shared bookmarks or tagging of content with descriptive labels to more sophisticated approaches that combine human intelligence with computer algorithms.
Information science (or information studies) is an interdisciplinary field primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, and dissemination of information. Practitioners within the field study the application and usage of knowledge in organizations, along with the interaction between people, organizations and any existing information systems, with the aim of creating, replacing, improving, or understanding information systems. Information science is often (mistakenly) considered a branch of computer science. However, it is actually a broad, interdisciplinary field, incorporating not only aspects of computer science, but often diverse fields such as archival science, cognitive science, commerce, communications, law, library science, museology, management, mathematics, philosophy, public policy, and the social sciences.
Information science should not be confused with information theory or library science. Information theory is the study of a particular mathematical concept of information, while library science is a field related to libraries which uses some of the principles of information science.
2014-15 Fantasy Basketball: How the Pacers Are Different Without Paul George
How to Attack the Gender Wage Gap? Speak Up
Arizona Coyotes Preseason Countdown: 49 Days
How a single telegram from Great Britain brought Canada into the First World War
Get Ready, Get Set, Go


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Why was "tantrum" trending last week?
"the sun personified," mid-15c. (also in Old English), from Latin sol "the sun, sunlight," from PIE *s(e)wol-, variant of root *saewel- "the sun" (cf. Sanskrit suryah, Avestan hvar "sun, light, heavens;" Greek helios; Lithuanian saule; Old Church Slavonic slunice; Gothic sauil, Old English sol "sun," swegl "sky, heavens, the sun;" Welsh haul, Old Cornish heuul, Breton heol "sun;" Old Irish suil "eye").
The PIE element -*el- in the root originally was a suffix and had an alternative form -*en-, yielding *s(u)wen-, source of English sun (n.). French soleil (10c.) is from Vulgar Latin *soliculus, diminutive of sol; in Vulgar Latin diminutives had the full meaning of their principal words.
zodiac constellation, late Old English, from Latin libra, literally "pound, balance," from Mediterranean base *lithra- "a scale." Nativized in Old Norse as skala-merki.
sol (sôl, sōl)
A colloidal dispersion of a solid in a liquid.
The area in New York City that is located south of Houston Street (1970s+)
the basic Roman unit of weight; after 268 BC it was about 5,076 English grains or equal to 0.722 pounds avoirdupois (0.329 kg). This pound was brought to Britain and other provinces where it became the standard for weighing gold and silver and for use in all commercial transactions. The abbreviation lb for pound is derived from libra. One-twelfth of the libra, the Roman uncia, is the ancestor of the English ounce
in physical chemistry, a colloid (aggregate of very fine particles dispersed in a continuous medium) in which the particles are solid and the dispersion medium is fluid. If the dispersion medium is water, the colloid may be called a hydrosol; and if air, an aerosol. Lyophobic (Greek: "liquid-hating") sols are characterized by particles that are not strongly attracted to molecules of the dispersion medium and that are relatively easily coagulated and precipitated. Lyophilic ("liquid-loving") sols are more stable and more closely resemble true solutions. Many sols are intermediate between lyophobic and lyophilic types. Compare gel.


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An Innovation Centre in Orbe, Switzerland, is being created by Cereal Partners Worldwide, a joint venture between Nestlé S.A. and General Mills. It is slated to open in mid-2010 and will focus on improving the nutrition, taste, texture and freshness of breakfast cereals.
View Full Article in:InternationalSupermarketNews.com (U.K.)
Published in Brief:


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Call: 01473 333741
Suffolk, IP5 2PU
A luxurious boutique hotel near Ipswich, Suffolk. Book online or call 01473 333741.
Visit anytime or call us on 01473 333741.
There's still time to get your hands on a ticket to the best party in Suffolk in 2015 - but be quick as there's only a handful remaining! Join us in The Hangar at Kesgrave Hall on Friday, May 8th, to celebrate the 70th anniversary of VE Day with a fabulous party.
Cream tea and Prosecco will put a spring into everyone's step! This offer includes three-course dinner with free choice from the full menu, overnight accommodation in the best available room with full breakfast, cream tea, and a bottle of Prosecco in your room.
Stay with us on a Sunday night for just £55 per person. Enjoy the best available room, with a full English breakfast and late checkout. Kesgrave is an ideal location to work from, with super-fast broadband in all our rooms.


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Gravis Dylan Slip On AWS Shoe - Men'sView Larger Image
Dylan Rieder's super-slim slip-on gets the LTD treatment in the Gravis x Alien Workshop collab version of his pro-model shoe.
- Scratch-off leather upper for durability with a naturally distressed look over time
- Cloud 9 PU footbed increases shock absorption without compromising the board feel of a vulcanized sole
- Alien Workshop logo details/artwork
Share your thoughts
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Dylan ripping it up for Gravis
D. Rieder showing us what it takes to get a pro model/alien workshop collab slip on


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The chickens have come home to roost.
Out of sight and out of mind.
Captain Kangaroo.
Herb Caen liked to write about how the fog snuck into San Francisco on cat's feet.
St. Anthony's School is holding its 6th annual Crab Feed on Saturday, Jan. 24, from 6 to 11 p.m. in the school gymnasium located at 323 N. Fremont Ave., with dinner beginning at 7. Wine & cheese tasting is from 6 to 7 followed by marinated crab, pasta, salad, bread, music and dancing. You may purchase tickets in the school office for $50 per person. This is an adult-only event and you must be at least 21 years of age. For more information, please call the school at 209.823.4513.
Got an outdoor kitchen with a wood-burning smoker or a pizza oven?
There is a fundamental flaw in the Manteca Unified School District's Going Digital undertaking.
It's really a simple equation when you boil it all down.
Crime - believe it or not - is down over the last 12 years in Manteca.
Crime - believe it or not - is down over the last 12 years in Manteca.
It reduces identity theft.
Manteca Unified School District's much ballyhooed Going Digital – breathlessly proclaimed by the district's upper echelon management as bringing classrooms into the 21st century – starts next week.
California community colleges once were free when it came to class units.
My 21-year-old granddaughter is a realist.
Gas prices at the Sinclair station and Quick-Kleen Car Wash on East Yosemite Avenue at noon Friday matched the Manteca Costco for the lowest prices in town – a $2.27 a gallon.
Here we go again.
We are de-evolving.
Want to see what $250,000 plus in government waste looks like?
California State Sen. Ed Hernandez wants to take rights away from legal adults.
That's life, that's what all the people say
It was a beautiful Saturday morning and my wife and I were going to be heading to San Francisco with her aunt and uncle to enjoy the sights and sounds of the city.
Driving eastbound on the 120 Bypass is akin to riding into the Valley of Death.
Netflix - the primary whiner behind the successful campaign to get the Federal Communications Commission to regulate the Internet by pushing the concept of net neutrality - is having second thoughts.
I had just finished a way-too-short visit meandering around Mono Pass.
Let's cut to the chase.
Abercrombie & Fitch isn't exactly a retailer known for modesty.
The spaghetti dinner for the Jeff Gonsalez Memorial Scholarship is today from 5 to 7:30 p.m. at the Manteca High cafeteria. Takeout meals are available. Adults are $8 and children 12 and under $5. For tickets call April at 403.1956 or Wilma at 823.4938. Tickets are also available at the door.
Capistrano has its swallows. Pier 39 has its sea lions. And Manteca has its gophers.
Let's be honest.
Those beautiful blue eyes.


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See your orange on these designs right now!
Recommended Just For You
Customer Raves & Reviews
Postcards are the way to go!
I designed my card in Pink and Orange and filled the back with text informing guests of some of the details of our destination wedding. The colors are vibrant and fantastic and the thickness of the card is great as well. My only concern was the quality of the images. The photos I uploaded were of high digital quality, but when printed on the card they appear somewhat "pixely" if you hold it close to your eyes. From a distance this is not noticeable and I have not heard any comments about it from my family/friends that received them. Overall, I was pleased and was proud to send them out. I definitely appreciated saving on postage and only having to use a postcard stamp!
I LOVE our Save the Date Magnets!!
These are a great quality! Great size! Great Company. Really made it feel special, all of their communication was excellent and timely, their packaging of the product was so cute and you can see they really care. I will be buying all of my stationary and card needs here from now on. Next will be our invitations!! THANK YOU!
Beautiful Quality
I received the "Sketched in Love" Save the Date magnets yesterday! I love the colors I chose, the quality of the photo printing and the quality of the magnets. Magnet Street service was awesome. I received the magnets earlier than I expected!
Color was great
These were great ideas, it was a hit. Wish I had order more. The color was on point. Have nothing ill to say about my order. It was worth the price.
Love it!
Our save the dates came out gorgeous and everyone loved them! Took about a week to receive so not bad. Would purchase again with magnet street.


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Firefly Southern Grill receives an outstanding review from BourbonBlog.com! Firefly specializes in Bourbon with a menu of Southern specialties and regional delights that have been perfected through the generations. Firefly regularly hosts Bourbon/wine/beer and other themed dinners. BourbonBlog.com has covered many stories at Firefly Southern Grill including the video below. See below for Bourbon and… Read more »
Posts Categorized: Indiana
More BourbonBlog.com news, stories and videos
Recent Posts
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- Leonard Nimoy Tribute Cocktail
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- Bourbon Classic 2015 – February 20 -21
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- Bourbon Summit with Obama and McConnell, what will they drink?
- Joy to the Glass on Twitter during the Holidays – #JoytotheGlass
- Sheriff May Know Identity of the "Pappy Thief"


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Expedia.com offers a selection of 9 hotels in Quesnel. You are sure to find cheap deals and discount rates among them with our Best Price Guarantee. No matter what type of hotel strikes your fancy, we will let you search for your preferred one to accommodate your travel needs.
Expedia.com will not only save you time, but also money when booking your stay at a hotel in Quesnel. Making reservations so you can stay within your budget is easy with us.
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Go ahead. Enter your travel dates to view the best offers on hotel rooms in Quesnel, British Columbia now!
Looking for hotels near your current location? Check out this new page to quickly find nearby hotels.


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English Select a Language:
Visit: EU PlayStation.Blog
Let us introduce ourselves and our little project Landit Bandit which will be "landing" on the PlayStation Store on July 13th for $9.99. We are five gamers, commonly known as "The Bearded Ladies," that have been lucky enough (or mad enough!) to live our dream of making a game for the PS3. We never gave […]
Would you be willing to answer a few brief questions about PlayStation.Blog?


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First Day Hike Draws Crowd In Topeka
Posted: 01/01/2014 - A gathering at Kaw River State Park in Topeka was just one of several First Day Hikes hosted Wednesday by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism.
Posted: 01/01/2014 - A gathering at Kaw River State Park in Topeka was just one of several First Day Hikes hosted Wednesday by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism.
Updated: 12/31/2013 - Justice Sonia Sotomayor acted on a request from an order of Catholic nuns in Colorado in blocking a requirement for employer health insurance to cover birth control.
Posted: 12/31/2013 - A Kansas man who survived a battle with bacterial meningitis is sharing his experiences through a new book.
Updated: 01/03/2014 - Stormont-Vail HealthCare and St. Francis Health have seen an increase in the number of people testing positive for influenza.
Updated: 12/30/2013 - The family of Jahi McMath has been fighting to find a health care facility that will accept their daughter, who was declared brain dead following a tonsillectomy.
Posted: 12/30/2013 - Diet books offer step-by-step weight loss plans with recommended recipes and fitness routines.
Posted: 12/28/2013 - Office workers in search of snacks will be counting calories along with their change under new labeling regulations for vending machines included in President Barack Obama's health care overhaul law.
Updated: 12/27/2013 - The number of people who became sick after eating at a western Kansas restaurant has nearly tripled since initial information was released earlier this week.
Updated: 12/26/2013 - Recent studies show the severity of symptoms does not necessarily correlate with the severity of the heart attack and, by not taking the initial signs and symptoms seriously, people could delay treatment.
Posted: 12/20/2013 - Kansas officials are launching a campaign to get residents to test their homes for radon gas. Gov. Sam Brownback signed a proclamation Friday designating January as Kansas Radon Action Month.
Updated: 12/19/2013 - Wilmer Moffet agrees he can be stubborn about seeking medical treatment, but he's glad two women recognized the symptoms he was having a stroke and wouldn't give up until he called 911.
Posted: 12/17/2013 - "Enough" with the multivitamins already. That's the message from doctors behind three new studies and an editorial that tackled an oft-debated question in medicine.
Posted: 12/17/2013 - Reuters reports the hand was grafted to his leg for a month in order to perform reattachment surgery Dec. 4, 2013 at Xiangya Hospital in Changsha, Hunan province.
Updated: 12/17/2013 - A routine tonsillectomy may have left a 13-year-old girl brain dead, according to her family members who are hoping for a miracle.
Updated: 12/16/2013 - After more than 40 years of study, the federal government said Monday it has no evidence that the anti-bacterial chemicals used in countless common soaps and washes help prevent the spread of germs.
Updated: 12/13/2013 - Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius on Friday refused to say whether she's offered to resign in the wake of botched rollout of the new Obamacare marketplaces.
Posted: 12/13/2013 - A novel way to speed the testing of cancer drugs and quickly separate winners from duds has yielded its first big result: an experimental medicine that shows promise against a hard-to-treat form of breast cancer.
Posted: 12/12/2013 - HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius also announced a one-month extension of a special insurance program created by the law for people who cannot get coverage because of health problems
Updated: 12/12/2013 - This is National Influenza Vaccination Week. Health experts say the colder weather and the upcoming holiday season make this an ideal time to protect yourself against influenza.
Posted: 12/11/2013 - New York City's Board of Health voted unanimously Wednesday to require all children under 5 attending daycare or preschool in NYC to receive a flu vaccine before Dec. 31 each year, right before flu season peaks.
Posted: 12/11/2013 - What a father eats before his child is conceived may influence the chance a baby will be born with a birth defect, a new study suggests.
Posted: 12/11/2013 - New studies show breast cancer treatments help many women beat the disease, but giving too many or ones that aren't really needed causes unnecessary expense, trauma and lifelong side effects.
Posted: 12/11/2013 - New figures show that Kansans remained slow to embrace a federally run online health insurance marketplace in November even though the pace of enrollments in health plans increased.
Updated: 12/11/2013 - Even with a daughter's cancer in remission, the Seidel family's financial struggles didn't end. Wednesday, the Gradient Gives Back program delivered a surprise to ease the family's worries.
Updated: 12/09/2013 - Public health groups say Kansas is among the states spending less than recommended on programs to stop people from smoking.


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Steelers QB Roethlisberger\'s listed \"day to day\" following MRI on shoulder
The MRI on Steelers starting quarterback Ben Roethlisberger showed no significant change than it has looked all season and head coach Mike Tomlin is listing him as "day to day."
"His injury status is no different," Tomlin said after Roethlisberger did not practice today. "The MRI was very similar if not the same as it has been."
Roethlisberger said after Wednesday\'s practice that he wants to play against the Indianapolis Colts on Sunday, but he will have to see how his shoulder feels as the rest of week goes along.
← Previous Story Steelers Week 10 Wednesday Practice Injury Report


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Regan Langel, GRI, REALTOR®
AmeriMont Real Estate
(406) 284-6546
I can't seem to identify a way to put a for sale by owner on this site yourself. Maybe there is a way, but everything I see suggests talking to your agent. Some of the ... more
This a great question, I would suggest you always speak to your Real Estate agent and have her view your home and the area for the best lighting and time of day. I like ... more


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Type: Posts; User: twojman; Keyword(s):
I went to a game between KSU and Cal at Arrowhead. The KSU fans were not that great. Felt like ISU fans but felt slighted about everything. A guy was bragging about his beer bonging skills and...
I do not know if one person could be more correct in one post.
For the sake of Harris, I hope he is as good as the hype machines on this board have made him out to be. If not, people are going be killing him on here.
this is hilarious. Ibdo know how to do thumbs up on a mobile device though.
Tweeting players=moronic. This is almost worse then the folks stalking recruits.
KU loss:
Baylor's 3 point barage:...
I love where we sit....I will be rooting like crazy for OU vs. KU! #boomer
Yes he looked bad, but he only had a few days of #1 reps. Look at the last td pass he had. Sam cannot do that. Sam cannot properly lead a pass. Guys constantly slow down to make the catches, are...
He has proven he can win games in this conference...oh wait, 0 Big 12 wins. Rohach has 2.
There is a group of 10 not renewing. A couple with decent donation amounts. They are planning on buying cheap tix if they decide to go into the games. They still plan to tailgate.
creepy kid
Hopefully we stop getting pushed around by FCS and non P5 schools.
Reason # infinity that cancer sux! Prayers for you young man! Speedy recovery please! My mom has had two different cancers and is still kicking so I know you can do it.
10 of my former group of 12 are not renewing for the season. They were in various locations including some with large donations. Just 2 were endzone. From the sounds of it they were not alone.
I am a bit disappointed with the team this year (so far). There is something missing. I think we miss Kane....
There is still hope for second in the Big 12, I think KU has it all but wrapped up...
Hopefully being dominated by FCS schools is something he does want to change.
We can only hope it happens.
Matt Wells will do a good job with these recruits in 2016.
First off, I love this team! Please Fred, never leave.
The way I am viewing our Big 12 season is comparing wins ISU had last year compared to what ISU gets this year. Right now we are +2. We have...
Welcome to Iowa State Mr. Jackson, you get to be part of a massive turnaround!
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March 29, 2015
'Lost' - 'Recon' Recap
by Jason Hughes, posted Mar 17th 2010 4:41AM
(S06E08) Mr. Ford was back at the center of 'Lost' for this week's installment. The flash-sideways started us off in familiar territory before veering sharply into the unexpected. Pieces and characters are starting to come together a little more in the beta-verse, with lots of interesting potential.
Back in the alpha-verse, we spent the entire episode with MiB-Locke and his motley crew of temple survivors. That meant Kate got to spend some quality time with Claire and the new and subdued Sayid. All in all, it was one of the most uncomfortable scenes I've ever seen on the show. Imagine being surrounded by familiar faces and yet none of them are who they are; it was like some horrible mirror universe sequence.
Sawyer wasn't there for Kate's awkward moment, because he was off on some secret mission for MiB-Locke. A mission that raised even more questions, while setting the stage for what will likely be the ultimate conflict for the season.
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Yes, it does bring to mind "Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil" which is a very good thing. I've always found cemeteries and cemetery imagery to be evocative and thought provoking. Beautiful shot.
Not being a Bellingham native, I had no idea what the clue "her angel eyes are haunted" meant during a scavenger hunt I particpated in last weekend. Apparently, if I had grown up here, I would have known that local kids paint the eyes of this Bayview Cemetery angel to glow in the dark around Halloween.
After losing the scavenger hunt challenge by 10 seconds (thanks to a soiled shoe and some deer), I decided to revisit Bayview for a proper picture. I discovered that a cemetery is fertile ground for strange things that have absolutely nothing to do with the paranormal. While photographing the angel, a young man approached me to ask if the angel statue was new to the cemetery. I told him what I was doing and then he yelled at some kids who were making out upon a large gravestone. When I turned again to continue the conversation, the man had disappeared, and the kids were running the other way.
There were a few lurkers there as well, and coupled with the general eeriness of an unnaturally high humidity, I made it a short visit.
I like this. I know you know why!


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May 22 - Homily: St. Rita of Cascia
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Father Joachim introduces us to the life of St. Rita, and encourages us to imitate her spirit of long-suffering, mortification, and penance. Her example is particularly helpful to those in difficult marriages. Ave Maria! Mass: St. Rita of Cascia - Opt Mem - Form: OF Readings: Thursday 5th Week of Easter 1st: act 15:7-21 Resp: psa 96:1-2, 2-3, 10 Gsp: joh 15:9-11
Saints Difficult marriage Marital problems Patience Patron saint Revenge Rita of Cascia Saint
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Director of Research and Analytics, John Ewing, takes a look at what a Howard for Lopez trade would look like and the impact it would have on each team through 50,000 simulations of the remainder of the NBA season. Follow John on Twitter @JohnEwing for more notes from his analysis and to let him know what other trades you may like to see with projections.
Recent reports have claimed that the Brooklyn Nets General Manager Billy King planned to contact the Minnesota Timberwolves about a three-team trade that would send Minnesota forward Kevin Love to the Los Angeles Lakers, Nets center Brook Lopez to Minnesota and Lakers center Dwight Howard to the Nets. However, after Love broke a bone in his right hand in early January, requiring surgery and a recovery of 8 to 10 weeks, talks broke down. King has denied these reports.
Nonetheless, Howard for Lopez rumors have been circulating since December 2011. Last July, the Orlando Magic reportedly said no to a deal involving Lopez and Kris Humphries for Howard. The Howard experiment in La-La Land has proven unfruitful, as the Lakers are 17-25. Dwight is averaging 16.7 points and 12 rebounds per game; both figures are below his career average. Going deeper, Howard is ranked 33rd overall in PER, Player Efficiency Rating, with 19.84. The league average in PER each year is 15. Last year Howard had a PER of 26.26 which was good for 6th overall. Looking at Value Added, Howard ranks 19th in the NBA with 187.9, 6th among all centers.
On the other hand, Brook Lopez is having a career year. After missing most of last season with a broken bone in his right foot Lopez is averaging 18.6 points and 7.4 rebounds per game. Lopez's PER is 25.45, 4th overall in the NBA and #1 among centers. Lopez's Value Added rank is 11th overall and #1 among centers with 227.8. With the February 21st trade deadline quickly approaching, what would a Howard for Lopez trade do for each team?
Currently the Lakers are 17-25, good for 12th in the Western Conference. Over the last five full seasons the 8th seed in the West has averaged 47 wins. The Lakers would need to go 30-10 the rest of the way to get to 47 wins and have a shot at making the playoffs. Brooklyn is currently third in the Eastern Conference with a 26-16 record. After simulating the rest of the season here are the most likely playoff teams:
From the simulation one can see that the Lakers, while we project them to finish stronger than they started, still do not make the playoffs. The Lakers are projected to finish as the 9th best team in the West; over the next forty games the Lakers are projected to go 22-18. The Nets, currently third in the Eastern Conference are projected to finish in a tie for fourth with the Chicago Bulls.
Assuming a trade did occur that sent Howard to the Nets and Lopez to the Lakers, based purely on what each player has done this year, we can expect each team to finish as follows:
For this simulation we compared Howard and Lopez using On Court/Off Court statistics. Specifically, offensive points per 100 possession and defensive points per 100 possessions. What is interesting to note is that Lopez not only would improve the Lakers offensively but also defensively.
After the simulation the Lakers move from finishing 9th overall in the Western Conference to a tie for 7th with the Utah Jazz. The Nets drop from a tie for fourth in the Eastern Conference to 7th; setting up a Knicks/Nets first round series. A Howard for Lopez trade would make sense for the Lakers this year as we project that it would propel them into the playoffs. Conversely, such a strategy (especially facing injury and contract concerns) could be horribly shortsighted on Los Angeles' part. The Lakers would be buying Lopez while his value is the highest it has ever been and in turn dropping Howard before he has had a chance to work back fully from his back surgery.
The Predictalator is the most advanced sports forecasting software available today because it has the ability to account for all of the relevant statistical interactions of the players, coaches, officials, home field advantage and weather in each game.
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3/23/2015 Highlight: Using the ResultsFinder for the week of March 16th - 22nd, one could find that all featured, "normal" or better college basketball against-the-spread full game and second half plays combined to go 27-20 (57% ATS). Likewise, "normal" or better totals went 5-3 (63% O/U). The overall Top Play of the Day for the first week of the tournament went 4-2 (67% ATS and O/U).
In the NBA over the last week, all playable against-the-spread picks went 25-14 (64% ATS) with "normal" or better plays going 2-1 (67% ATS).
Baseball is just around the corner and the MLB Preview is already available. Consistently an opportunity for strong value, "normal" or better MLB Over/Under season win total picks are 41-14 (75% O/U) on the site all-time.
We take a look at the 2015 MLB over/under team season win totals, including confidence and play value recommendations for each pick. See the San Diego Padres, Atlanta Braves and more.


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Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Aug 19, 2005 | 4:18 AM EDT
- Daily 4th Place August 20, 2005
If you liked this, check these out!
Plenty more like this here!
Author Comments
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
To easy
Way to easy. Fun though
Rated 1.5 / 5 stars
how the hell am i hitting directly in the midle with the first bowl and getting 0-2 pins......this is stupid...
Rated 5 / 5 stars
oh ya
oh ya, baby! oww! but i wish it was a boy.
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
Heh, found the sweet spot on my first playthrough. click and hold the joystick, wait for the little bar-thingy to hit the laft edge and turn around and come back. When it gets to the center and turns green, let go. I got a perfect 300 on my second playthrough like this, so I know it works for me. But that bit has something that might be a bug in it- it provides a link, website and password for the "StripArcade 300 club" but that site doesn't work. If that worked, I'd have given it a 10. Otherwise, nice.
Rated 0 / 5 stars
Collision detection is absolute shit. Hit the set dead center and got 0 pins? What the fuck?
No stars for you just for this kind of rubbish.


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Dermatologist (skin)
26 years of experience
Accepting new patients
26 years of experience
Accepting new patients
Central Ann Arbor
1301 Catherine St
Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Phone number & directions
1301 Catherine St
Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Lori Lowe:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Patient Reviews
Have you visited Dr. Lowe? Share your experience.
Write a Review
Write a Review
Specialties & Research
Dr. Lori Lowe, MD is board certified in Dermatology.
- She has special expertise in 3 areas:
- Acne Rosacea
- Melanoma
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Education & Awards
Dr. Lowe graduated from The University of Texas at Houston. She has 2 awards.
Dr. Lowe has 4 hospital affiliations:
- University of Michigan Hospitals & Health Centers
- Henry Ford Hospital
Home > Find a Dermatologist > MI > Ann Arbor Dermatologists > Dr. Lori Lowe, MD
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Lori C Lowe MD is a female Dermatologist, has 26 years of experience and practices in Dermatology.
- Where does Dr. Lori C. Lowe practice?
- Dr. Lori Lowe has 2 office locations.
Dr. Lori Lowe practices Dermatology near Ann Arbor, MI.
See Ann Arbor Dermatologists.


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Nokia 5530 XpressMusic up for $290 preorder on US site
Filed under: Handsets, Nokia, Symbian, GSM, EDGE
We'd figured the 5530 was destined for markets around the globe where 2G still dominates, so imagine our pleasant surprise to see that good ol' Nokia USA is as amped as anyone to start selling the company's new low-cost S60 5th Edition device. This leaves potential buyers in a doozy of a dilemma, though: most retailers are now selling the 5530's big brother, the 5800, for under $300, which makes the $290 sticker for a 3G-less version pretty hard to swallow. On the flipside, the 5530's unquestionably the more attractive phone and the updated home screen is going to leave 5800 owners insanely envious. It's a tough call, and it's not a call we'd want to have to make — one of each, perhaps? There's no shipping date listed on the preorder, but for your patience Nokia's awarding you with an MD-8 stereo Bluetooth speaker if you order online — just pony up your $289.99, pick the white or black version of the phone, twiddle your thumbs, and don't be shocked when the New York and Chicago flagships get stock before you do.
[Thanks, Oscar M.]
Nokia 5530 XpressMusic up for $290 preorder on US site originally appeared on Engadget Mobile on Fri, 21 Aug 2009 04:08:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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The Contractor Series® Poly/Wool roller covers are a combination of absorbent sheepskin and durable polyester. Together this blend is balanced and formulated to provide productivity with a smooth finish.View more Product Features
Pricing not currently available online. Please try again later or contact Your Local Store.
Rahway #5125
All prices displayed are for U.S. Sherwin-Williams locations and are in U.S. Dollars. Prices do not include taxes or other fees as applicable.
The right roller can help you to do your work more easily and efficiently.


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This program is intended to be used for testing navigation software, in particular software using the NMEA 0183 standard sentences. The software simulates a vessel moving across the surface of the earth and has modules which generate NMEA GPS sentences as well as Compass Heading sentences.
The program includes a TCP/IP NMEA server which takes the generated sentences and distributes sentences received from one peer to all other peers that have registered with the server (by connecting to port 2222)
All modules can be used as a complete system for testing navigation applications which expect to consume NMEA 0183 sentences or individual modules can be used to integrate into your own application.
The code is written in Ruby and requires Visual Ruby to be installed and working as well as the excellent Event Machine gem.
User Reviews
Be the first to post a review of Vessel Simulator!


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Comfort Hotel Andi Munich City Center
Landwehrstrasse 33
Munich, 80336
Phone: (49) 89 5525560
Fax: (49) 89 55255666
Note: Distance is displayed as straight line from the city center or point of interest. Driving distance may vary.
Directions to Our Hotel:
Follow towards Stadtmitte (city centre) and Hauptbahnhof (central station), turn into Schillerstrasse, hotel is in 2nd street on the right.
Directions to/from a nearby airport:
Munich Int'l Airport (MUC)To hotel › From hotel ›
Echterdingen Airport (STR)To hotel › From hotel ›
Frankfurt Int'l Airport (FRA)To hotel › From hotel ›Local Taxi ServiceBusbahnhofHauptbahnhof Train Sta.
Hotel Latitude/Longitude:
Latitude: 48.136482 Longitude: 11.560436
Use these coordinates to locate this hotel when using a GPS device or web map.
|Local Taxi Service
|0.0mi/0.0km N
|Hauptbahnhof Train Sta.
|0.2mi/0.3km N
|1.2mi/2.0km NW
|Munich Int'l Airport
|24.9mi/40.0km N
|Echterdingen Airport
|155.4mi/250.0km W
|Frankfurt Int'l Airport
|230.0mi/370.0km NW
Earn valuable points toward free nights.


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