text:
Comments by Mrs alex o'loughlin
I do not watch SVU but did this week because of the cross over and I was pleased at how smoothly and how well the storyline worked on all 3 shows!
I really liked this episode!
2 weeks ago when Severide met Brittany I predicted they would get married and I was right! When he was walked into the firehouse with his hand in his pocket my prediction was 100% confirmed.
Severide seems really happy and we will find out soon that Brittany has had some tragedy in her life just like Severide. I think they are good for each other and will help each other heal. However this could end in disaster but if it does I think that would really send Severide over the edge.
I do not want to see Brett and Severide hook up so the longer Brittany is around the better!
I like that Casey said it could go well or could go bad but either way he will be there for him.
I have never been a fan of Dawson and Casey and I think when Severide was right when he basically said if she wanted to marry Casey she would find a way. Meaning she would either remain a medic or she would go to Boden and tell him to find her another firehouse. I do not see these two ever getting married.
Cruz teaching Zumba...I laughed so hard.
I hope Newhouse is done with his side job, if he needs extra cash I am sure Molly's or Molly's 2 are hiring!
Comment modified at
I am looking forward to this episode.
I will eat a burger, fries and a side of ranch with JR anytime...LOL
What was your favorite quote or scene from Grey's Anatomy Season 11 Episode 6?
I will pick the Alex and Jo scene near the end too! Which medical case was the most interesting?
The tumor, the man was convinced he was fine and then they find this huge tumor and he dies. Very sad. What did you think of Richard and Maggie's conversation?
I felt bad for Richard. Krystal I agree with what I said. Should Arizona keep Dr. Herman's secret?
Tough call, the board should know because if it does start to affect her and she messes up during a surgery that will not be good. However if she will show no symptoms then keeping it secret will not hurt anyone. I bet Arizona will keep it a secret because took this internship on and it was the final nail in the coffin of her marriage. She said to Alex (I think it was him) quitting was not an option because of that reason, so I think that will be why she will keep it a secret. If you were planning a dinner party like McDreamy did, what would you cook? Pick three doctors you'd invite.
Some decadent pasta dish, with fresh French bread and lots of wine!
Derek, Alex and Owen. Having dinner with those men would not be bad! :)
LOL Krystal, I answered the question before I read your answer... we should throw the party together! LOL
Comment modified at
I too want to know what is in the bags.
I am not sure if Eyal really is back with his wife but instead just told Annie the story so she would go back home and not stay looking for revenge on Belenko.
The relationship between Annie and Auggie is still fractured.
I like and Annie and Ryan and would like to see them become a full on couple.
Stephanie/Sydney will be a good asset in the case they are working on. I like that in the end she did not take the money. I have a feeling her call girl days will soon be over and she start an actual relationship with Calder.
Tony did not die of alcohol poisoning but I did miss the part where it was Annie's fault he was fired.
Comment modified at
Another solid episode.
I liked Plastique and wish she did not have to die. However a walking ticking time bomb is not good.
It was cute that Cisco had a crush on her.
I was a little surprised that Iris did not put up more of a fight when Barry said he needed a break from their friendship.
I too liked the items in your final thoughts Carissa.
I was really not that shocked at the end when Samaritan was able to unerase the footage and was able to see that Shaw is alive.
It was funny seeing her be so into a guy. She really had the hots for Tomas.
So does Root have a crush on Shaw? It sure seems that way and it also seems like Shaw doesn't mind. However by how into Tomas she was it is hard to believe she would like Root in a romantic way.
I think destroying the lab here the tablets were going to be made was a good idea. Samaritan wanted them in homes to spy on people.
Even though Esther may think what she is doing is honorable, it is not.
Even when she explained that she wanted Klaus and Hayley's baby dead so her sister would not come back, I still did not feel bad for her.
I like that Cami found out who Vincent was and I think she will be able to play him.
I think Klaus' father will help them take down Mikael and maybe even Esther.
This episode was a bit of a let down for me.
I am intrigued as to what was in the envelope and what is in the safe that Alan talked about and also what Alan was referring to when he as Red if he had it.
I am not shocked that Tom and Red are working together. He told Tom to stay away from her because he knows that Tom may one day tell Liz that they are working together. However I am sure Tom will be back and tell Liz everything and Liz will then want to take down Red.
I was not surprised that Red killed Berlin either.
I too thought it was odd that Liz did not question Tom when he said to bring in Mr. Caplan, that should have been the clue right then and there that Tom an Red are working together.
Comment modified at
What was your favorite scene or quote from the episode?
Ric and Damon's reunion. Is Stefan completely redeemed now for this season's previous behavior?
No, not yet. However I agree that risking his life to save Enzo and Damon, went far on the road to redemption. Do you agree with how Caroline is handling their friendship?
In a way I do, however I think if she did not like him and want to be in a relationship with him she would be as hard on him as she is being, How do you feel about Alaric being human and Jo being a witch?
I am not loving it. I liked him as a Vampire. However he never wanted to be one so he will be happier as a human. They also needed to set up the storyline for Elena to fall in love with Damon all over again. I too think Jo is Kai's sister. Delena is back. Does Damon have a shot still?
Yes he does, Elena will fall in love with him again. She will not need her memories.
I do wonder if Nina asked for less scenes with Ian because he is seeing Nikki. What was Bonnie doing this week?
Figuring out another way to get back to the present!
Comment modified at


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Potje met vet is my favorite meal.
I saw you in the back of the room, Norrel.
WOOOOOW stupenda!!!!
I'm a little teapot is my favourite song, not1word. Yesterday I went to a Bob Dylan concert in Amsterdam, and hoped that Ol'Bob would sing this one.
Thanks for your nice comment, kasia.
Yup. I'm still liking this one, Norrel. Very nice job catching this one.
Thanks for your nice compliment, Tom!
truly awesome!
Thanks, Jean!
I note that ippa picked up on the songsheet first.
That's right, Itallica. She was the first to see the similarity. Thanks for visiting.
Thanks for your kind comment, Manda!
FANTASTIC SHOT!!!.......lovely Mountain Music :))good luch in NPC!! BEST OF, greetings vterezia
How've I missed this one in your gallery, Norrel? Amazing. Good luck in the NPC.
I can see I'm going to have to delve in to you nether regions...
Hey Norrel, great shot and perfect title!
Best regards from Spain and good luck with the NPC:D
Thanks for visiting and leaving a nice comment, vterezia, Lisa and Diego!
Great! Y*
Good luck in the NPC! Greetings, Tom
Very nice score, excellent music! The picture is beautiful! Good luck with the NPC-N!
Greetings from Hungary Anico
It's just GREAT! YS
Good luck in the NPC!
Greetings from Tokyo, Japan.
As a tribute to your fine offering, I took a small trip back down memory lane, and reread the earlier posts. This is a classic comment section.
This is a wonderful photo, Norrel and you title is fantastic! Well done! Well done! Bravo!!!
Photo taken in Fontanella, Austria

subset: commoncrawl


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Pro tip: Use Excel's conditional formatting to highlight invalid dates
Susan Harkins shows you how to visually identify invalid dates using Excel's conditional formatting feature.
Boost mobile apps' revenues with more analytics, says Crittercism CEO
Mobile is getting more critical to enterprises. According to Crittercism's Andrew Levy, mobile pros will need the analytics chops to shed more light on app performance and revenue ...
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AV-Test proves antimalware apps can restore infected computers
Independent lab AV-Test confirms that certain antimalware apps do restore Windows 7 computers to pre-infection condition.
Top IT job skills for 2014: Big data, mobile, cloud, security
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Switzerlandâs Top News Portal Opts for Vizrt to Boost Growth
Bergen, Norway, Vizrt Ltd. (Oslo Main List: VIZ) â Vizrt Ltd. supply production tools to the digital media industry and announced today that the Swiss multi-national company, Ringier, has chosen its Escenic Content Management System (CMS) to run its Blick Internet News Portal (www.blick.ch), Switzerlandâs most-visited news site.
Martin Burkhalter, CEO of Vizrt, said, âThe fact Blick chose our system to provide its core online publishing platform is very rewarding. Market-leaders like Blick have a clear vision of the future. They are very aware that media-rich functionality will play an increasingly important role in the distribution of their online content. It is satisfying to see that their vision matches our own. This deal clearly endorses our investment in the development of efficient workflows, enabling publishers like Blick to accomplish their ambition. â?
Blick will use Escenic Content Engine, Vizrtâs online publishing software, widely used for multi-site publishing. Blick more
Related Topics: News |


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Our special coverage of the closest race for years
Explore the personal stories of Syrian refugees in Lebanon
25 Aug 2011 16:00 GMT | Environment, Humanitarian crises, Africa, Djibouti, Ethiopia
An African donors conference has pledged $356m to help more than 12 million people across the Horn of Africa suffering from the region's worst drought in 60 years.
The African Development Bank offered $300m while African countries and other private donors raised the rest, the African Union Commission chief Jean Ping announced on Thursday.
The fund-raising conference, which was held in Ethiopia, was the first of its kind by the pan-African body, which has so far pledged only $500,000 of the needed $2.4bn to assist drought victims.
The Horn of Africa is suffering its worst drought in decades which, combined with conflict and resource mismanagement in Somalia, has led to what the UN described as the world's worst unfolding humanitarian disaster.
The world body, for the first time this century, has declared a state of famine in five Somali regions and said it could spread to engulf the country's entire south.
The drought has also left millions in parts of Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya and Uganda facing starvation.
Source: Agencies
The UN is investigating the possible theft of food supplies meant for Somalia's famine victims.
Politics, Humanitarian crises, Somalia
The blame game should stop and the international community must address the situation before it gets too late.
Humanitarian crises, US & Canada, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
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In religiously conservative Brazil, women risk jail time and their lives to undergo the procedure that is illegal but commonplace.
Health, Human Rights, Latin America
Trash is a fast-growing import in the Scandinavian country, which turns it into heat for people's homes.
Environment, Europe, Sweden
Critics say the UK's home secretary is using Muslims as a 'political punchbag' in a bid to shore up right-wing support.
Human Rights, Politics, Racism
2014 was the worst year in more than a decade for polio infections, with at least 306 new cases reported.
Polio, Asia, Pakistan
Official vote count to resume on Tuesday with opposition challenger leading President Jonathan in overall tally.
Politics, Africa, Nigeria, Elections, Nigeria Decides
At least 40 dead amid conflicting reports on whether camp in Hajjah was housing displaced people or Houthi fighters.
War & Conflict, Middle East, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Houthis
It is a source of sustenance but also of tension and new political realities are now increasing uncertainty.
Egypt, Sudan, Middle East
A media post-mortem into the UK's surveillance report. Plus, why five years on in Argentina the media looks so familiar.
Media, Edward Snowden, Security
The untold story of how the Lebanese community overcame the odds and found their place in multicultural Australia.
Asia Pacific, Australia, Lebanon
How to keep a telenovela profitable and demanding sponsors happy while inspiring the production team to stay passionate.
Arts & Culture, Mexico, Latin America


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RIKON Benchtop Bandsaw Now $229.99
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(3 reviews)
Product Information:
The AccuDrill Precision Drill Guide adds a whole new level of accuracy to your standard power drill. The AccuDrill is great for angle drilling, doweling, plug cutting and even edge sanding. With the easy-to-use protractor scale, you can adjust the Drill Guide in 5 degree increments from 0-45 degrees, left and right.
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General Tools AccuDrill Precision Drill Guide, Model 36/37
This is the first time ever writing a review, I felt I had to for this product. I was building a piece of furniture and didn't drill some the holes in it when I should have, I went ahead and freehanded them in and it turned out okay. I then decided I would check into a drill guide, looked at several and purchased this one. Well that was a couple years ago now but I finally had the need to use this guide last week and it worked great, I wish I wouldn't have been in such a hurry when I was building that sofa and gotten it then.
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the guide was easy to use and accurate
drilled holes in side of wood, drill guide centered itself and guide worked easy
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Heikes to share testimony at Faithwalk Bible Church
The public is invited to attend a Faithwalk Christmas Service on Sunday, December 8 at 6:30 p.m. at Faithwalk Bible Church, 110 Sumac Drive, Alexandria.
Dr. Greg Odell will preach the message, "Christmas: A Time of Celebration," and local Christian worship leader Kara Maus will lead the service with Christmas hymns and provide music.
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Price (HUF): 18200-21800/2 fő/éj reggelivel
Rooms number: 31
Type: double
Price (EUR): 60-73
Price (HUF): 9100-10900Huf/fő/éj reggelivel
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Which is better 1920x1080 @ 30fps or 1280x720 @ 60fps?
Started 10 months ago | Questions thread
Regular Member • Posts: 400
I decided to shoot at 1280X720 @ 60fps in order to have more flexibility over shutter speeds. At 30fps if you set the shutter speed much above 1/60 sec a choppy look may result. At 60fps high shutter speeds cause fewer problems as far as a choppy look goes.
Freedom to select high shutter speeds will provide better options for depth of field and eliminate the need for ND filters.
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Though I wrote last time about using celery in fruit salad, I'd never actually done this with it myself. And to be precise, that's not what I did this time either; this isn't a fruit salad so much as a salad with fruit. Here's how it came about.
We still had over half the celery the vegetable people had brought
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Brian Johnson Says AC/DC's New Album is Done, Called Recording 'Difficult' Without Malcolm Young
Brian Johnson says, with or without ailing guitarist Malcolm Young, AC/DC's 15th album is complete.
JACK's Inside Track: AC/DC
AC/DC Not Breaking Up After All, Despite Member's Illness
"We are definitely getting together in May in Vancouver," he told the Daily Telegraph. "We're going to pick up some guitars, have a plonk, and see if anybody has got any tunes or ideas. If anything happens, we'll record it."
JACK's Inside Track: AC/DC RIP?
Can it really be over?!?
AC/DC Might Be Retiring — Or Aren't They?
There's lots of conflicting info coming from Australia.
VIDEO: 2CELLOS' Covers AC/DC's 'Thunderstruck'
The cover starts out like the original, somewhat modest, but builds to an insane roar over time. Halfway through 2CELLOS' cover of AC/DC's "Thunderstruck," you'll swear you can hear Brian Johnson's voice in the back […]
JACK's Inside Track: AC/DC
Break out yer schoolboy–or girl–outfit and polish up yer cannon…or whatever female counterpart goes with cannon.
Bruce Springsteen Announces 2014 U.S. Tour Dates
And he covered AC/DC's "Highway To Hell"!
JACK's Inside Track: Sting
Well, I can honestly say I didn't see THIS one comin'…
JACK's Inside Track: AC/DC
Is there a better combo than AC/DC and beer?


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Phillip Phillips is the new 'American Idol'
It was a great night for Phillip Phillips, but for "American Idol," maybe not so much. Phillips, a husky-voiced troubadour, conquered Season 11 as expected on Wednesday night's two-hour finale, slipping past his last competitor, 16-year-old chanteuse Jessica Sanchez. But the Fox show itself... John Shearer / Associated Press


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Page 1
A Unified Framework for Representation and Development of Dialectical Proof
Procedures in Argumentation
P. M. Dung
Department of Computer Science
Asian Institute of Technology
P. M. Thang
We present an unified methodology for represen-
tation and development of dialectical proof proce-
dures in abstract argumentation based on the no-
tions of legal environmentsand dispute derivations.
A legal environment specifies the legal moves of
the dispute parties while a dispute derivation de-
scribes the procedure structure. A key insight of
this paper is that the opponent moves determine
the soundness of a dispute while the completeness
of a dispute procedure depends on the proponent
1 Introduction
Argumentation is a form of reasoning, that could be viewed
as a dispute resolution, in which the participants present their
arguments to establish, defend or attack certain propositions.
The probably most abstract among the well-known
formalisms for argumentation is the abstract argumenta-
tion framework [Dung, 1995b] (or abstract argumenta-
tion for short) consisting simply of a set of "atomic" ar-
guments together with a binary relation representing at-
tack relation between them.
on dialectical proof procedures for abstract argumenta-
tion [Cayrol,Doutre,Mengin, 2003; Dunne,Bench-Capon,
2003; Modgil,Caminada, 2009; Vreeswijk,Prakken, 2000;
Jakobovits,Vermeir, 1999; Vreeswijk, 2006; Verheij, 2007].
Though clearly related, their formal and precise relationship
remains unexplored. We address this problem by providing
an unified framework for representing dialectical proof pro-
ceduresbased onthe notionsof legalenviromentsanddispute
derivation trees. A key insight of this paper is that the oppo-
nent moves determine the soundness of a dispute while the
completeness depends on the proponent moves.
There is extensive research
2 Abstract Argumentation: Preliminaries
Anabstract argumentationframework[Dung,1995b]is a pair
AF = (A,att), whereA is a set ofarguments,andattis a bi-
nary relation over A representing the attack relation between
the arguments (att ⊆ A × A) with (A,B) ∈ att meaning A
attacks B. For simplicity, we restrict ourself on frameworks
with finite sets of arguments. A set S of arguments attacks
an argument A if some argument in S attacks A; S attacks
another set S?if S attacks some argument in S?.
A set S of argumentsis conflict-free iff it does not attack it-
self. Argument A is acceptable with respect to S iff S attacks
each argument attacking A. S is admissible iff S is conflict-
free and each argument in S is acceptable with respect to S. S
is a preferred extension iff S is maximally (wrt set inclusion)
The semantics of argumentation could also be charac-
terized by a fixpoint theory of the characteristic function
F(S) = {A ∈ A | A is acceptable wrt S}. It is easy to
see that S is admissible iff S is conflict free and S ⊆ F(S).
As F is monotonic , it follows that S is a preferred extension
iff S is a maximal fixpoint of F. The least fixed point of F is
defined as the grounded extension.
An argument A is said to be credulously accepted iff it is
contained in at least one preferred extension and groundedly
accepted iff it is contained in the grounded extension.
Given an argument B ∈ A, AttackBand AttackedBde-
note the set of arguments attacking B, i.e. AttackB= {A |
(A,B) ∈ att}, and attacked by B, i.e. AttackedB = {A |
(B,A) ∈ att}.
3 Dispute derivations
In a dispute, the proponent starts by putting forward an ini-
tial argument and then the proponent and opponent alternate
in attacking each other's previous arguments. The proponent
wins if the opponent runs out of arguments to make a move.
A dispute is represented by a dispute derivation in which dis-
pute derivation trees are successively constructed by expand-
ing the previous one by adding children to some frontier (or
leaf) nodes following some legal move functions for the dis-
pute parties. The initial partial derivationtree consists of only
the root.
Definition 3.1 A dispute derivation tree (or simply deriva-
tion tree for short) T for an argumentA is definedas follows:
1. Every node of T is labeled by an argument and is as-
signed the status of proponent node or opponent node,
but not both. The status of a child node is different from
that of its parent. Arguments labeling children nodes at-
tack arguments labeling their parent node.
2. The root is a proponent node labeled by A.
Page 2
For example, various derivation trees are given in figure 1.
Abusing the notation, for a node N labeled by A, we often
refer to AttackAby AttackN.
In the following, we introduce the notion of legal envi-
ronments generalizing the well-known notions of legal move
functions in the literature.
Definition 3.2
nent (resp opponent) legal move function if F assigns
to pairs (N,T) of a frontier opponent (resp. proponent)
node N in a derivation tree T an argument in (resp. a
subset of) AttackN. If F(N,T) is not defined, we write
• A pair of proponent and opponent legal move functions
Φ = (ΦP,ΦO) is called a legal environment.
• A partial function F is called a propo-
Examplesof legalmovefunctionsare giveninfigure1. For
simplicity, if it is clear from context, we often write Φ(N,T)
for ΦP(N,T) if N is a opponent node, and for ΦO(N,T) if
N is an proponent node. We often refer to the leaf nodes in a
derivation tree as frontier nodes to indicate that they are the
ones to be expanded later.
Definition 3.3 Given a legal environment Φ = (ΦP,ΦO)
and derivation trees T,T?. We say that T?is obtained from
T by expansion of a frontier (leaf) node N in T wrt Φ if
Φ(N,T) is defined and following condition holds:
• If N is an opponentnode then a child node labeled by an
argument selected in ΦP(N,T) is added to N
• If N is proponent node then a set of child nodes labeled
by argumentsin ΦO(N,T) are addedto N. There is one-
the arguments in ΦO(N,T)
In our model of dispute, when the opponent moves against
a proponent argument, he delivers all attacks that are legal at
once. This assumption simplifies the formal framework with-
out affecting its generality. We discuss alternative strategies
Definition 3.4
ment Φ = (ΦP,ΦO) is a sequence T0,...,Ti,...,Tnof
derivation trees where T0consists of a single node and
Ti+1is obtained from Tiby expansion of a frontier node
N in Ti.
• A dispute derivation T0,...,Tnterminates if for each
frontier node N of the final tree Tn, Φ(N,Tn) = ∅
• A terminating dispute derivation is said to be successful
if all the frontier nodes of the final tree are proponent
• A dispute derivation wrt legal environ-
The sequence T0,T1,T2in figure 1 is an example of a suc-
cessful dispute derivation.
For a derivation tree T, PRO(T), OPP(T) denote respec-
tively the sets of arguments labeling the proponent or oppo-
nent nodes in T. Arguments in PRO(T) or OPP(T) are often
called respectively proponent or opponent arguments.
Definition 3.5
is no argument labeling both a proponent node and an
opponent node.
1. A derivation tree T is consistent if there
Figure 1:
2. A derivation tree is successful wrt legal environment Φ
if it is the final tree of a successful dispute derivationwrt
Consider a frontier proponent node N in a derivation tree
T such that AttackN∩ PRO(T) ?= ∅. This implies imme-
diately that the set of proponent arguments is not conflict-
free as one of them attacks the argument labeling N. We cer-
tainly do not want to expand T at this node, i.e. ΦO(N,T)
should not be defined. Further in general, we want to con-
sider only those legal environments guaranteeing that an ex-
pansionofconsistent derivationtrees leadsto consistentones.
This requirement imposes that for frontier opponent node N,
• A legal environment Φ is eligible iff fol-
lowing conditions are satisfied:
Definition 3.6
1. For each derivation tree T, and each frontier pro-
ponent node N of T, ΦO(N,T) = ⊥ if AttackN∩
2. If N is an opponent node then ΦP(N,T)
AttackN\ OPP(T)
• An eligible legal environment is said to be fully defined
if the "if" in the condition(1) aboveis replacedby "iff".
Examples of eligible legal environmentsare givenin figure
Figure 2:
It is not difficult to show that the eligibility of legal envi-
ronment guarantees that only consistent derivation trees are
generated in a dispute derivation.
Lemma 3.1 Let Φ = (ΦP,ΦO) be an eligible legal environ-
ment and T0,...,Tnbe a dispute derivation wrt Φ. Then for
each i, Tiis consistent.
Page 3
Proof By induction and left to the readers. ?
Definition 3.7 Let Φ be a legal environment.
1. Φ is said to be credulously (resp. groundedly) sound if
the sets of proponentargumentsof the successful deriva-
tion trees wrt Φ are admissible (resp. admissible subsets
of the grounded extension).
2. Φ is said to be credulously (resp. groundedly) complete
if for each credulously (resp. groundedly ) accepted ar-
gument there is a successful derivation tree wrt Φ whose
initial argument is A.
3. Φ is said to be terminating if there exists no infinite dis-
pute derivation wrt Φ.
4 Legal Environments for Credulous
To ensure admissibility of proponentarguments, the legal en-
vironment should guarantee that all possible attacks against
proponentargumentsare accounted for. This is the case if for
each proponent node N, ΦO(N,T) = AttackN. But if some
arguments in AttackNhave been defeated by the proponent
arguments then deploying them will not help the opponent
winning the case. The opponent also does not need to de-
ploy arguments already deployed by itself in previous steps.
This insight is formalized in the following theorem in which
a general class of credulouslysound legal environmentsis in-
Theorem 4.1 Let Φ = (ΦP,ΦO) be an eligible legal envi-
ronment such that for each derivation tree T, each proponent
node N in T
AttackN \ (AttackedPRO(T)∪ OPP(T)) ⊆ ΦO(N,T)
whenever ΦO(N,T) is defined.
Then Φ is credulously sound .
Proof Let T0,...,Tnbe a successful derivation wrt Φ. First
we want to show that PRO(Tn) counterattacks every attack
against it. Let A be an argument attacking an argument B ∈
PRO(Tn). Let N be a proponent node labelled by B. There
are two cases:
1. N is a leaf node in Tn.
From AttackN \ (AttackedPRO(T)∪ OPP(Tn)) ⊆
ΦO(N,Tn), it follows AttackN\ (AttackedPRO(Tn)∪
OPP(T)) = ∅, i.e. AttackN ⊆ (AttackedPRO(Tn)∪
OPP(Tn)). Hence A
OPP(Tn)).As all leaf nodes in Tn are proponent
nodes, it follows that OPP(Tn) ⊆ AttackedPRO(Tn).
A is hence attacked by PRO(Tn).
Hence ΦO(N,Tn) = ∅.
(AttackedPRO(Tn) ∪
2. N is an internal nodeN in Tn. Let Tibe the tree at which
the opponentattacks N and expandsTiintoTi+1. If A ∈
ΦO(N,Ti) then A labels one of the opponentchild of N.
As Tnis a successful tree, A hasa proponentchildin Tn.
Hence A is attacked by PRO(Tn). If A ?∈ ΦO(N,Ti),
then A ∈ (AttackedPRO(Tn)∪ OPP(Tn)). As each
opponent node in Tnhas a proponent child, it follows
that A is attacked by PRO(Tn).
It remainsto show that PRO(Tn) is conflict-free. Suppose
PRO(Tn) is not conflict-free. An argument A ∈ PRO(Tn)
is said to be controversial if A attacks or is attacked by some
argument in PRO(Tn). Hence the set of controversial argu-
ments in PRO(Tn) is not empty.
We first show that no such argument labels a leaf node in
Tn. Suppose the contrary that a controversial argument A la-
bels a leaf node N in Tn. As PRO(Tn) counterattacks every
attack against it, it follows that there is some proponentargu-
ment in Tnattacking A. Hence AttackN∩ PRO(Tn) ?= ∅.
Therefore ΦO(N,Tn) = ⊥ contradiction to the successful-
ness of Tn.
Therefore every controversial argument labels an internal
node in Tn. Let m be the maximum number such that Tmis
expanded at a proponent node N (by the opponent) labelled
bycontroversialargumentA. Furtherlet B ∈ PRO(Tn) such
thatB attacks A.Fromthedefinitionofm, it followsthatB la-
belsaproponentnodeinTm. HenceAttackN∩PRO(Tm) ?=
∅. Therefore ΦO(N,Tn) = ⊥ contradiction to the success-
fulness of Tn.
Therefore the set of controversial arguments is empty.
Contradiction. Hence PRO(Tn) is conflict-free.
Theorem 4.1 states formally that the soundness of a le-
gal environment will not be affected if filtering mecha-
nisms are deployed to filter out some or all arguments in
AttackedPRO(T)∪ OPP(T). An important insight gained
from this theorem is that the soundness of a legal environ-
ment depends only on the legal moves of the opponent. The
following theorem shows that the legal moves of the propo-
nent determine the completeness.
Theorem 4.2 Let Φ = (ΦP,ΦO) be an eligible, credulously
sound and terminating legal environment. Further suppose
that Φ is fully defined and for each derivation tree T, each
opponent node N in T
AttackN\ Conf(T) ⊆ ΦP(N,T)
where Conf(T) consists of all self-attacking arguments and
all arguments attacking or being attacked by arguments in
Then Φ is credulously complete.
Proof Let A be a credulously accepted argument and S be
an admissible set of arguments and A ∈ S. We construct by
inductiononi a successfulderivationT0,...,Ti,...,Tnsuch
that A labels the root of the trees and PRO(Ti) ⊆ S.
If Tiis successful then we are done, the theorem is proved.
Suppose now that Tiis not successful. Select a frontier node
N of Ti.
SupposeNis aopponentnode. Thenfromtheadmissibility
of S and PRO(Ti) ⊆ S, it follows that AttackN∩ S ?= ∅.
Because S is conflict-free and PRO(Ti) ⊆ S, it follows that
S∩Conf(Ti) = ∅. Therefore(AttackN\Conf(Ti))∩S ?=
∅. Hence there is an argument B ∈ S ∩ ΦP(N,Ti). Select B
and expand Tiby adding a child to N labelled by B.
Suppose N is a proponent node. As the argument labelling
N belongs to S and S is admisisble and PRO(Ti) ⊆ S, it
follows that AttackN∩ PRO(Ti) = ∅. Sinc Φ is fully de-
fined, it follows that ΦO(N,Ti) ?= ⊥. If ΦO(N,Ti) ?= ∅ then
expand Tiat N.
Page 4
As Φ is terminating, the process must stop sometimes. It
follows that all the frontier nodes are proponent nodes. The
theorem is proved.?
The following theorem shows that one can guarantee the
termination of dispute by not allowing the opponent to repeat
his moves.
Theorem 4.3 Let Φ = (ΦP,ΦO) be an eligible legal envi-
ronment such that
ΦO(N,T) ⊆ AttackN\ AOPP(N,T)
where AOPP(N,T) contains all arguments labeling op-
ponent nodes on the path from the root to N.
Then Φ is terminating.
ΦO(N,T) ⊆ AttackN\ AOPP(N,T). Let T0,...,Ti,...
be a nonterminating derivation. Let T be the limit of this
sequence of trees. T is hence infinite. There is then an
infinite path in T. There are hence infinite opponent nodes
on this path. Since the set of arguments is finite, there
are many opponent nodes labelled by the same argument.
As we have discussed, a key insight of theorems 4.1, 4.2
is that the credulous soundness of a legal environment is de-
termined by opponent legal moves while its completeness de-
pends on the legal moves of the proponent.
is best illustrated by the special case where ΦO(N,T) =
AttackNwhenever it is defined. It turns out that in this case,
the legal environment is even groundedly sound.
is notterminating and
This insight
Lemma 4.1 Let Φ be an eligible legal environment such that
ΦO(N,T) = AttackNwhenever ΦO(N,T) is defined. Then
Φ is groundedly sound.
Proof Let Φ?be a legal environment such that Φ?
AttackNwheneverit is defined and Φ?
OPP(T). It is easy to see that each successful derivationwrt
Φ is a successful derivation wrt Φ?. Let T be a successful
derivation tree wrt Φ?. It is easy to show by induction on the
hight of T that PRO(T) is a subset of the grounded exten-
sion. ?
P(N,T) = AttackN\
5 Legal Environments for Grounded
We are now turning our attention to legal environments for
groundedsemantics. Lemma 4.1 points out that the opponent
could do nothing wrong if he/she keeps bringing up all pos-
sible counter-evidences to whatever the proponent says. The
legal environment is groundedly sound independent of what-
ever the proponent does. The best the proponent could do
in such cases is to make sure that it can win if the initial ar-
gument is groundedly accepted, i.e. to ensure that its legal
move function guarantees completeness. This is the case if
ΦP(N.T) = AttackN\ OPP(T). But this environment is
not terminating. It turns out that to ensure both termination
and completeness,the proponentshouldnot repeat arguments
put forward by itself previously. Though the legal environ-
ment just described is groundedly sound, complete and ter-
minating, it could be quite inefficient as the opponent could
Figure 3:
repeat many arguments that have been defeated before as the
following example illustrates.
Consider the derivation tree T in figure 3. It would be
wasteful if argument D at node N should be defeated again.
We hence expect from an efficient legal environment that
ΦO(N,T) = ∅. But in contrast to the credulous case, not
all previous opponent arguments could be filtered out as il-
lustrated by derivation tree T' in figure 3. If the opponent
argument B is filtered out at N i.e. ΦO(N,T) = ∅ then T?
would be a successful derivation tree though A is not ground-
edly accepted.
Theexamplessuggestthatwe shouldallowthe opponentto
filter out previous opponent arguments except those lying on
the path from the root to the considered node, i.e. AttackN\
(OPP(T) \ AOPP(N,T)) ⊆ ΦO(N,T). Unfortunately,
this constraintis not strongenoughto guaranteethe grounded
soundness of the legal environment as the following example
Figure 4:
Note that when an argument labels exactly one node in a
derivation tree, we identify the argument and the node for
In figure 4,
{C},OPP(T) = {B,C}. Hence AttackE\ (OPP(T) \
AOPP(E,T)) = ∅. AOPP(D,T) = {C},AttackD =
{B}. Hence AttackD\ (OPP(T) \ AOPP(D,T)) = ∅.
HenceΦO(E,T) = ΦO(D,T) = ∅ satisfies theconstraint. T
would be a successful derivation tree though A is not ground-
edly accepted. The reason is that B,E,C,D,B is a cycle
Page 5
in the argumentation framework and this cycle makes the fil-
tering of B,C groundedly unsound. It turns out filtering is
groundedly sound if it avoids filtering out previous opponent
arguments lying in cycles like B,E,C,D,B. This motivates
the following definition.
Definition 5.1 Let T be a derivation tree.
1. Let N be a proponent node and M be an opponent node
and A be the argument of M. M is an adopted child of N
in T if A attacks the argument of N and N has no child
labelled by A1.
2. A generalized path in T is a sequence of nodes
N0,...,Nk, k ≥ 1 such that Ni+1is either a child or
an adopted child of Ni.
A generalized path is a cycle if the first and last nodes co-
Infigure3, Eis anadoptedchildofN inTandthesequence
B,N,E is a generalized path. B,A,B is a cycle in T?while T
contains no cycle. In figure 4, the sequence B,E,C,D,B is a
cycle in T.
Definition 5.2 Let N be a frontier proponent node in T, and
A be an argument attacking N. A is said to be a taboo for
filtering out by opponent at N if there is an cycle N0,...,Nn
in T such that N = Niand A labels Ni+1for some i.
The set of taboos for filtering out at N by opponent in T is
denoted by TABOO(N,T).
In figure 3, TABOO(N,T) = ∅. Hence it is possible
to filter out the argument E attacking D at node N. In con-
trast, TABOO(N,T?) = {B}. Hence it is not possible
to filter out B at N. T?is hence not a successful derivation
tree while T is. Similarly, in figure 4, TABOO(E,T) =
Theorem 5.1 Let Φ = (ΦP,ΦO) be an eligible legal envi-
ronment such that for each derivation tree T, each frontier
proponent node N labeled by A,
AttackN\ (OPP(T) \ TABOO(N,T)) ⊆ ΦO(N,T)
whenever ΦO(N,T) is defined.
Then Φ is groundedly sound.
Proof Let T0,...,Tnbe a successful dispute derivation wrt
Φ. A cycle is said to be internal if it does not contain any
frontier node. We prove by induction that for each i,there is
no internal cycle in Ti.
Suppose that there is no internal cycle in Tibut some in-
ternal cycles in Ti+1. Let Cyc = N0,...,Nnbe an internal
cycle in Ti+1labelled by A0,...,An. As there is no internal
cycle in Ti, Cyc must contain a frontier node in Ti. Since
Cyc is an internal cycle in Ti+1, Cyc contains exactly one
frontier node in Tithat is the frontier node N at which Tiis
expanded. Let N = Nk. If N is an opponent node in Tithen
Nk+1is a child of N. Hence Nk+1is a frontier node of Ti+1.
Contradiction to the assumption that Cyc is an internal cycle
in Ti+1.
Hence N must be a proponent node in Ti. As Cyc is an
internal cycle, Nk+1is not a frontier node in Ti+1. Hence
1Note that we do not define adopted children for opponent nodes
Nk+1isanadoptedchildofNinTiandTi+1. Fromdefinition
5.2, it follows that Ak+1∈ TABOO(N,Ti).
As Nk+1 is an adopted child of N also in Ti+1, there
is no child of N in Ti+1 labelled by Ai+1.
Ai+1 ?∈ ΦO(N,Ti). From the properties of Φ, it follows
that Ai+1 ?∈ AttackN \ (OPP(Ti) \ TABOO(N,Ti)).
Therefore Ai+1 ∈ (OPP(T) \ TABOO(N,Ti)). Hence
Ai+1?∈ TABOO(N,Ti). Contradiction.
We prove now that there is no cycle in Tn.
that there is a cycle Cyc in Tn. As Tnhas no internal cy-
cle, Cyc must contains a frontier node, say N. Therefore
TABOO(N,Tn) ?= ∅. Hence ΦO(N,Tn) ?= ∅. Contra-
We prove now that for all nodes M in Tn, if M is a propo-
nent (resp opponent) node then the argument labelling M is
groundedlyaccepted(resp rejected,i.e. attacked bya ground-
edly accepted argument). The proof is by induction on the
rank of the nodes in Tndefined as follows..
The rank of nodes without any kind of children is 0. The
rank of a node M is equal 1 plus the maximum of the ranks of
the children or adopted children of M.
We show by induction that the nodes of even (resp odd)
ranks are proponent (resp. opponent) nodes. Obviously that
nodes of rank 0 are proponent nodes. Suppose now that the
property holds for all nodes of rank ≤ i. Let M be a node of
rank i + 1. As one of the children or adopted children of M
is of rank i, M is a proponent (resp opponent)node if i is odd
(resp even) from the induction hypothesis.
We could easily prove by induction now that nodes of
even (resp odd) ranks are groundedlyaccepted (resp rejected)
based on the following property:
Let N be proponent node in Tn. Then AttackN = {A| A
labels a child or an adopted child of N}.
Let Tibe the tree at which N is selected for expansion.
Suppose A is an argument attacking N and A does not la-
bel a child of N. Hence A ?∈ ΦO(N,Ti). Therefore A ∈
(OPP(Ti) \ TABOO(N,Ti)). Hence there is an opponent
node M in Tilabeled by A. As A does not label a child of N,
M is an adopted child of N. ?
It follows
Theorem 5.2 Let Φ = (ΦP,ΦO) be an eligible and ground-
edly sound legal environment such that for each derivation
tree T, each frontier opponent node N in T
AttackN\ (Conf(T) ∪ APRO(N,T)) ⊆ ΦP(N,T)
⊆ AttackN\ (OPP(T) ∪ APRO(N,T))
where APRO(N,T) contains all proponent arguments lying
on the path from the root to N.
Then Φ is groundedly complete and terminating
Proof For groundedly accepted (resp rejected) argument A,
define rank(A) to be the smallest number i such that A ∈
Fi(∅) (resp. A is attacked by Fi(∅)). We prove the theorem
by induction on rank(A).
Let A be a groundedly accepted argument. A successful
derivation T0,...,Tnof A is constructed by induction as fol-
If Tk is obtained from Tk−1 by expanding an opponent
node then select an argument belonging to Fj(∅) where j is
the rank of the argument labelling the node that is expanded.
Page 6
It is not difficult to see that constructing Ti's that way will
produce a successful derivation wrt Φ. ?
6 Discussion and Conclusion
In [Cayrol,Doutre,Mengin, 2003], two proof procedures
called φ1,φ2are given for credulous semantics. φ1 corre-
sponds to a sequentialization of a legal environment with
Φ1,O(N,T) = AttackN\ (AttackedPRO(T)∪ OPP(T))
and Φ1,P(N,T)=
AttackN \ Conf(T).
sponds to Φ2,O(N,T) = AttackN \ AttackedAPRO(N,T)
and Φ2,P(N,T) =
AttackN \ Conf(N,T)2.
gil,Caminada, 2009] gives also several proof procedures for
credulous semantics. They are somewhat similar to the
φ2 procedure above. For example, one of them corre-
sponds to the legal environment: Φ3,O(N,T) = AttackN\
AOPP(N,T) and Φ3,P(N,T) = AttackN\ Conf(N,T).
While φ1is sound, completeand terminating,φ2,Φ3may not
tion trees are consistent. But no condition is given under
what conditions is the consistency of the successful deriva-
tion trees is guaranteed. [Modgil,Caminada, 2009]gives also
proof procedures for grounded semantics.
corresponds to the sound and complete and terminating le-
gal environment: ΦO(N,T) = AttackN and ΦP(N,T) =
AttackN\ APRO(N,T).
In general, the opponentdoes not need to unleash all of his
attacks at once. By dropping the "one-one-correspodence"
condition in the second bullet of the definition 3.3 and
requires an extra condition in theorem 4.1 and 5.1 that
ΦO(N,T) does not contain any arguments labelling children
of N and allowing the opponent to attack at all proponent
nodes as long as there is an option for him there, we obtain
new dispute procedures with the same characteristics.
A possibleapplicationof theinsightthat thesoundnessofa
dispute is determined by the opponent moves while its com-
pleteness by the proponent ones, is a modular methodology
for designing dispute procedures. The design consists of four
tasks: ensuringthe eligibility of the legal environment,ensur-
ing the soundness by looking at opponent moves and guaran-
teeing completeness by looking at proponent moves and en-
forcing terminating by forbidding one of the participant not
to repeat his moves.
A possible interesting application of this paper lies in the
design of proof procedures for logic-based argumentation
systems [Dung,Kowalski,Toni, 2006; Dung,Mancarella,Toni
, 2007; Eshghi,Kowalski, 1989; Kakas,Toni, 1999; Dung,
stract argumentationinto ones for the latter systems.
φ2 corre-
The basic one
7 Acknowledgements
We thank the referees for constructive comments and criti-
cisms. This work was partially funded by the Sixth Frame-
work IST program of the European Commission under the
035200 ARGUGRID project.
2Conf(N,T) consists of all arguments that selfattack or attacked
or being attacked by proponent arguments on the path from the root
to N
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text:
major tung oil problem
I've stripped a 150 yr old railway station bench and have put ~75 coats of pure tung oil on it. The last coat never dried. The seat dried and the back rail dried but the spindles supporting the back rail and the legs have never dried and are very sticky to the touch. I have tried heating with hot air (industrial hot air gun) and scraping and also tried scrubbing with a solvent. Nothing is working. I've been using tung oil for 20+ years with fantastic results but, this one has me stumped. Much obliged for any help on this one.
LOL...actually it was more like 100!!....the first 10 or so were cut with a thinner to help it penetrate deeply into the wood....then I just kept on going trying to get the oil built up enough to provide that nice satin sheen of a finished project....the wood is cypress and soaks the oil up like a kleenex....I was ready to put some coats of Poly on to get the sheen when I applied the final coat of tung oil.....which never dried and brings me to this forum....my guess is that the oil had already started to polymerize in the can and the polymerization process was halted mid-stream....how do I strip it off???
Thing about tung oil, if you want the wood to have more sheen, you only can sand the wood to a finer grit, like 400 (and finish with synthetic steel wool) because the oil will only be as shiny as the wood, since by itself it dries matte finish.
I would start scrubbing it with lacquer thinner and try to get the sticky bit off, then proceed with your flat poly or whatever.
Roger that Casey, I went through several packs of 400 grit sandpaper and 5-aught steel well getting this puppy ready for finishing. I'm using a highly refined aliphatic solvent with no headway on removing the sticky residue. Am looking for a more aromatic solvent like Methyl Ethyl Ketone. I'd really like to find something that will act as a catalyst and get the polymerization to complete and......I'm also searching for a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow!...with equal luck on both.


text:
Ready for another Outfit of the Day from @BaddieBey?
The Instagram newbie blessed the stans today with yet another stylish 'fit, rocking an oversized black sweater, pumps, bunny ears, $425 Maison Martin Margiela Knuckle Duster Rings, and $188 Ikat Print Skinny Cords from Rag & Bone:
The skinnies have a psychadelic print, cast on curdoroy:
I hesitated to post this, because I wasn't 100% sure they were the same pants! The pattern is spot on, but the colors look different. To make sure, I went ahead and added a filter to the above pic on Instagram:
They appear more blue with the 'Rise' filter!
At any rate, the print might look familiar because Lala has a Ra & bone jacket with a similar pattern:
If you're into it, recreate Beyonce's look with these separates:
Thoughts on the latest from Instagram's newest Queen Bee?
*Rag & Bone just got in touch to confirm saying, "Yes, they are ours!"
Images: BaddieBey/Revolve Clothing
go ahead :-)
I am lovin this new bey !
I wonder when we'll see her rocking some House of Dereon…
beyonce is definitely trying to make more of an effort with her style. I personally think solange is to thank. This outfit is cute/casual without being too much.
Hmmm…regular, nothing special!
*Beyonce reminds me of that young OLDER girl….by age she is younger, but her clothes are sooo muture…yea know like when OLDER women wear hi-heels w/a sweatsuit,lol"
no likey, pass
Lmao Only in ads gigi
I se FB is stalking Bey's Instagram now. "She just posted a new pic, lets get it on the site. Oh, she looks a HAM you say? Chile, we don't care, as long as we get the hits". There's nothing special about this look. Not feeling the pant / shoe combo. I've never been a fan of Bey's style though. She just always look tacky. I complain sometimes about Solange overload on this site but give me Solange anyway over Bey – as this is a fashion site and Mrs BaddiBey lacks style.
In no way Is Beyonce a Fashionista, she just has access. Mostly she looks contrived and plainly silly. Her casual style rarely flatters her body type and she wears these ABSOLUTELY STUPID accessories that makes her look like a clown.
The reason why she doesnt wear The House of Deadwrong is because it's garbage and she knows it.
That headband looks like horns…I see you and what you're trying to do
i like the pants…cute.
Are these So…I mean, um, Mrs. Carter's PJs?
Me not impressed.
I'm loving the new looks that Beyonce is trying. It's refreshing to see her have more fun with her style rather than doing the same glitzy looks as before.
So cute! Gives me an idea on how to wear my lace bunny ears next!
It cracks me up when people say Beyonce is "stealing" her sister's style…what the whole mixed media bit? Beyonce was pattern mixing a few years back check out old vacay pics…but it only takes one person to spark some mess in the comment section and everyone else just follow suit….http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://media.sawfnews.com/images/Hollywood/Beyonce_Jay_Z_25Aug2010.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sawfnews.com/Gossip/65062.aspx&usg=__bEk2xgc9Fj8nY4xupgVKX4Oe0BY=&h=480&w=362&sz=88&hl=en&start=215&zoom=1&tbnid=z3VFKWrFrzhOoM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=97&ei=BESmUNKPG8fayAGZ1ID4Cw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbey%2Band%2Bjay%2Bvacation%2Bpics%26start%3D200%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26rlz%3D1I7AURU_enUS499%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1
Its ok, but Geez Bey really put y'all ladies in your feelings on this site. Kim k too…..
You know what…Bey is making up for all that lost time, and I think while Solange is the little sister, Bey is taking a few tips from her on enjoying her life, and motherhood. I like that she is much more open.
I like the bunny ears, cute
She looks blah, plain, simple nothing wow or amazing about this. I don't think Bey is a fashionista either. I think Solange has an edge and uniqueness about her that gets her on the best dressed list (Vogue). Beyonce is like some of these other celebs who just throws expensive pieces together because they can afford it. Solange seems like she really puts thought into her sense of style.
You guys are so brainwashed, Solange has no style, she has stylists. You act like she wasn't on all the WTF lists 3 years ago. She has a better team now, nothing about that family is organic.
okay…first – I do not think King Besus is competing with or stealing Solange's style. Second, no one is checking for this style – booo, blah and meh and ditto to whoever said she looks like a mammy or whatever. The pants dont even look like skinny pants on her.
I can not with these pix and where is she going? This is B so pap would snap and sell these pix anyway. Is she just playing dress up cuz she's bored. Where is the baby and Jay z? So many questions.
Bunny ears huh?
effortless Style.
Beyonce is actually looking like she's trying too hard recently, which is not like her…stay in your lane B! Solange is quirky, offbeat, retro, kinky afros, mismatched prints and all- you're an old school RnB chick, stick to that look….don't get me wrong, she doesn't look bad at all, but for some reason I get the vibe she's trying to 'keep up' with the kids with her recent looks, when she should just stick to her bodycon dresses, bug hair and designer bags, because that's more 'her'
Love this outfit!!! Go head Bey!
If it was Rihanna wearing it you guys would go APE. Or better yet if she was half naked like Rih you would probably LOVE it. Lol I like it, you can tell she's experimenting and doesn't care. And how can she be taking tips from solange when solanges clothes are selected for her by a stylist? Honestly it's a casual look not a Grammy dress :s Do your thing Bey!
Stay in your lane B- leave the quirky offbeatness to Solange. I like them both but Beyonce is a diva with a very polished look and men's magazine sex appeal, and Solange is a hipster with a retro, funky, earthy vibe (that I don't think has been manufactured by stylists BTW @lmao, I really think thats who she 'is')…I feel like B is tryng to get on that same lane, but its not her, her style is more polished and put together and she should just stick to doing her
…also, I disagree that Solange's style is manufactured.She's been giving me life since like 4 years ago before she got on this retro steez because o her inventiveness with colour and pattern
Love her pants. Wicked.
I'll take Sasha Fierce over baddiebey any day. Beyonce is losing her mind. WTF is up with the staged instagram shots everyday? Oh, and this looks like something Miss Tina would wear, minus the bunny ears. Those look like something Blue should have on.
Love this!
It's so funny how folks try and tell someone to "stay in your lane" and "that's not your style" Uuuumm what? WTF does that really mean? Is the woman supposed to be in a dress and heels and full on hair and makeup when she's just chilling?? I mean…
Cute pants. I like the print on the jacket too!
Sorry but she look contrived.
I'm so over her…. she is REALLY tryin so hard to change her fashion image….but then she'll be on stage in some awful glitter onesie twerkin in like her life depended on it… make up your mind King Bey.
Not feeling the outfit or the bunny ears. I would love to get the info on her blue rings though! Any word on those? I love them.
She's posting casual everyday looks on HER instagram, yet she is trying too hard?
LOL these urban sites….
Yes, trying too hard as usual. Bey, you're 31. Let the kids have their bunny ears. SMH
LOL so many of you are PRESSED about this pic/post. What you need to be doing is bowing down to your queen who is so gracious to take time out of her already-busy day to dish out effortless grace and class?
Wow while you hate, Queen Bey continues to delicately sip hot holy water steeped with Ambrosia from her diamond-encrusted teacup… WITH HER PINKY UP.
I don't know where I stand on this I just enjoy the comments
Buuuut….LMAO's comment is one of THE funniest things I've EVER read!!
The whimsy! The shade! Lol LMAO you're hilarious. Love it.
Can we say Rihanna Reloaded…yawwwwn at Badgirlriri oops I mean BaddieBey at her attempt to show style and personality!
Social without being Social! girl bye!
LOL!! I agree with Aw Man. LMAO…..love your comment…Ha!! People go Real DEEP when it comes to Beyonce, but it's SO not. It's just a cool chick taking fun photos…posed or not.
Heck, everybody "poses" for photos on some level. People act like they've never posed by themselves or taken photos "posing" with family and friends. It's not that deep, really it's not.
Still laughing with LMAO! Love it!
Arent all celebs "styled" and "posed" in every pic they post on IG?
What causes the strongest of chuckles from me is that a "Bombshell" recently wore spandex and bodycon dresses in every shot and was praised to the high heavens and fashion gods. Bey puts on a stylish and high end look and she gets trashed. Im confused. Yall want high fashion but only from the celebs you love and admire and will let spandex and cheap threads slide if the body and age are to your standards? Is that the case?
Hotmama, I totally concur. She's a mess, she has no style flair she just has access…not impressed at all. Next!
OMG ! I bought these pants 2 months ago
@COCO… remember, she can do whatever she wants good or bad whatevz, her life, her way.
Jihan…excuse me LMAO, folk are just expressing their thoughts (this is a comments section you know) and the majority seem not to like this outfit. You seem to be the one pressed! Hypocrite maybe?
lmao at LMAO! yess! who doesn't pose for instagram pics??? Yall sound silly. just too busy riding the solange bandwagon I guess sighh. Who is to say what someone else's style and that you can't reinvent it? Just my opinion. But anywho, I love me some BaddieBey :)
Simple. Love it!!
What's quirky about this? She's wearng patterned pants. People are ridiculous
I wonder when "true believers" and "STANS" will learn to separate their love for the artist from the fashion. This outfit underwhelms, as much of Beyonce's personal style does to me.
Her financial or musically success is irrelevant here, the outfit, IMO, is simply not that great. This is a fashion blog, not a artist fan forum.
IMO, this area (fashion forward) is just not Bey's bag.


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Sacred Partnership: Achieving the Right Balance in Your Congregation
Mazel tov! You've just been elected to your first term as a trustee on the temple board. Together with your fellow congregational lay leaders, you struggle with the challenges surrounding member engagement, finances, and sustainable growth. More often than not, a part of each board meeting centers around discussing various creative ideas that you hope […]Read more


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Keeper's is one of my favorites. Right down the street for very fresh sushi. Perfect. Great service and atmosphere.
So I was looking for some sushi and I noticed this place had really good reviews. Happy hour is almost 10 hours long so the prices were actually really good. Unfortunately those good prices equal only fair sushi. I started with Agadashi tofu. Some of the pieces were burnt, and although I like the crunchiness it didn't taste very good....
The service at Keeper's is 5 stars! The food is excellent, prices good, and they even have happy hour all day Saturday. Highly recommended.
This restraunt is my favorite because of the flavor and the amount of food you get especially on a happy hour time section. Not only is it good the place is modern for the newer generation. The service here is exceptionally good and they can also speak a little bit of Japanese and is very welcoming.
The service is always great as the food. Saki bombs with warm saki and light beer is awesome! All it takes is one of each and it's cheap!
For a good standard selection of sushi (sashimi, nigiri, rolls, etc) and also other Japanese dishes, Keeper's is a good local choice. This was our first visit here, and on a Friday night, the place was packed. Good service at the bar while we waited for seats at the sushi bar.
Shaggy Dog roll, asari miso shiru (miso soup with...
We go here at least twice a month. The food is great and if there is something you want and you do not see it on the menu, just ask and chances are they can make it. They have the BEST steak fried rice. Happy Hour appetizers and sushi all day every day. Also Happy Hour on adult beverages almost...
Great atmosphere for date night! My wife and I always sit at the sushi bar. Happy hour is the time to go. Inexpensive, yet high quality food and service. You can't go wrong!
Keeper's is in my opinion the best overall Japanese restaurant in Sugar Land. My wife and I had visited it several times over the past year, whether with friends, our children, or just by ourselves. The food is really tasty, and we particularly appreciate the specialty sushi rolls. The raw fish is also notably fresh. The setting is nice, unostentatiously...
Bartender would not even acknowledge us at bar. Once we sat at a table, I ordered two rolls and the spicy tuna was good however the Eliza roll was horrible and did not look like picture. Waitress seemed nice, however it took her 30 minutes to bring me my second drink and they were not that busy. I will not...
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How to: Use the Exchange token validation library
Learn how to use the EWS Managed API validation library to validate an Exchange identity token.
Last modified: March 09, 2015
Applies to: apps for Office | Outlook
Learn more about supported hosts and other requirements.
In this article
You can identify the clients of your mail app by using an identity token that your app requests from a server running Exchange Server 2013. The token, formatted as a JSON Web token, provides a unique identifier for an email account on an Exchange server. The Exchange Web Services (EWS) Managed API provides helper classes to simplify the use of the identity token.
To validate an Exchange identity token, you must have the EWS Managed API authentication library and the Windows Identity Foundation (WIF), along with a DLL that extends the WIF with handlers for JSON tokens. Make sure that you download the following resources:
The EWS Managed API validation library provides the AppIdentityToken class to manage the Exchange identity tokens. The following method shows how to create an AppIdentityToken instance and call the Validate method to verify that the token is valid.
// Required to use the validation library. using Microsoft.Exchange.WebServices.Auth.Validate; private AppIdentityToken CreateAndValidateIdentityToken(string rawToken, string hostUri) { try { AppIdentityToken token = (AppIdentityToken)AuthToken.Parse(rawToken); token.Validate(new Uri(hostUri)); return token; } catch (TokenValidationException ex) { throw new ApplicationException("A client identity token validation error occurred.", ex); } }


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I liked that the pool/hot tub was open unitl 11 PM, most hotels close their pools at like 9 PM. I really liked the layout of the suite rooms. It was roomy with a semi separate sitting/relaxing area. The staff was always curtious and very helpful. I really like the convenience of having the Caribou & Jimmy Johns right there along with a restaraunt for options. I also liked how they had full size washers/dryers available. - Anonymous
Room was great
Service was excellent. - Anonymous
The hotel staff were extremely helpful from giving directions to
restaurant recommendations. It is located in the heart of the city and
the lite rail makes it very easy to get around. The facilities were
great bar, gym and spa. The room itself was of a high standard and I had
no problems with my stay. - Anonymous
We liked that we were not disturbed by any other guests, as far as noise, we liked the colors and design of the room and the hotel. We like in the bathroom area there was a separate vanity that we could sit and put our make up on. Like the fact that after a certain hour you need your hotel key to use the elevators-security. - Anonymous
The new remodel is classy and modern. The beds are comfortable and the rooms now have an RFID card access key. The staff is AMAZING. They are very friendly and courteously helpful. They were very attentive to every question or concern. - Anonymous
The building is historic and beautiful. Rooms very comfortable and pretty. Staff is fantastic. Good restaurant on the premises. Nice morning coffee in the lobby. Great bar. Observatory at the top of the hotel to see vistas of Minneapolis - Anonymous
The staff at the front desk are very welcoming and helpful. A problem with the room was quickly remedied. The location was near the Capitol Building and other attractions and was easy to get into and out of for a downtown hotel. The room, though small, was pleasant and the bed was great. I liked the shower as well. The bathroom was first class. The breakfast room in the morning was well stocked and they had a Keurig coffeemaker in the room. - Anonymous
Location on the U of M campus. Close to University Hospital. Upgraded appearance of public areas and of the room with large flat screen TV, plenty of electrical outlets and a pleasant shower.. Starbucks and Applebee's attached.
Best of all was the courtesy and welcoming attitude of all the employees. - Anonymous
Nice clean room. Friendly day front desk staff, location of shops around the hotel. Shuttle service was great. Freidnly driver. - Anonymous
The rooms were very spacious and the beds very comfortable and the room was very clean. Extra towels, coffee and toileteries were delivered promptly. The lighter weight robes very nice. Happy hour at the Bank was reasonable the drinks and food were good. Staff very polite and accommodating? Would have loved to have the giant bottle of La Crema from the bank vault delivered to our room for us to consume. - Anonymous
Location was fantastic, we were able to walk to places nearby (museums, restraunts, excel center, etc.) Rooms were clean, staff was helpful. Restraunt/bar had great food. Would highly recommend it. - Anonymous
We had a corner room/suite and had plenty of room for the two of us.
We had full size kitchen appliances, comfy bed and the shower had good
water pressure.
We did not cook in the room, but ate at the restaurant next door, the Canadian Honker. Awesome place with friendly staff.
Another HUGE perk is free underground parking in a heated garage. - Anonymous
We liked the easy check-in. Friendly staff, clean room, spacious
bathroom, nice furnishings. I left an item in the room after check out
and the security staff had lost and found contact me right away. He told
me they had found my item, but it was thought to be trash, and was
thrown away by housekeeping so ended up in teh garbage. He dug it out of
the garbage, but it was actually ruined by liquid, so I didnt ask for it
to be returned to me. Very nice gesture by the lost and found staff. - Anonymous


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|CastingCouch-X (102 Videos) SUBSCRIBE
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she doesn't have to like it, she just has to take it :)
well...i think she's doing pretty good.
she looks legit to me.. looks like she was in a bit of pain. looks tight at 7:05 gorgeous body...pretty face. Hot girl overall dont think whe would come back tough
she wasn't very good and had a nose that reminded me of bill maher. she's also had to be told how to give a proper blowjob :P (imo)
Shes is beautiful! Naturally pretty. That cum shot is EXCELLENT!
Gorgeous girl... not enough of those in porn ;)
mmmmmmmmm love her body !!!!!
lol she changed her mind when she got the jizz in her eye ;P
:) i like that


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El Intocable Bass Machine
Join Date: Jan 2004
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In the case that Texas lands the fight, has anyone heard about Cowboy Stadium?
I think the stadium is great and the atmosphere is good there, although Cotto should just pull out. But in case he agrees and Texas lands the gig, has anyone heard if it will be in Cowboy Stadium? I think the production for the Pacquiao fights was top notch, but this would be short notice.
I don't like the fight outside of New York but if it will take place it will take place no matter where.
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RIP Mayweather 1977-2015
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there's no nba this year.
san antonio , houston , dallas.....
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Cowboy stadium is too massive. I went for PAc vs Marg, and there were 35,000 people there, and it looked empty.
JCC Jr. is fighting here on Saturday, I say if there is a big turn out, the fight will be here at the Reliant Arena, or at the Toyota Center where Juan Diaz had a bunch of fights. Juan had 17,000 people in there, and the place was rocking!
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guaranteed if this fight is in texas than its gonna be at Cowboy stadium.
One call from Arum to Jones and its a done deal. If it happens than I'm going and I'm gonna wear a shirt that says "May the best child of Pacquiao win."
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It will be here in Houston in the same place that held JMM vs Juan Diaz, and Juan Diaz vs Paulie.
If not there, it will be in the Reliant Arena. That place holds about 10 thousand.
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It will be in San Antonio lol!!: AT&T Center ( http://www.lakeflato.com/projects/att-center/ ) with a capacity for 18,700 screaming fans!
Or how about the Alamodome? http://www.alamodome.com/default.asp?alamodome=26 !!
Either one will work!!
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Way too big and for a short amount of time to buy tickets.
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Well guys I have checked arena websites and I hate to break it to those of you in Houston, San Antonio or Dallas but the fight isn't going to happen in any of those cities and here's why:
Houston: Toyota Centre is booked for the Circus through to December 4, Reliant Arena booked for some gymnastics SH*T LOL.
Dallas: Dallas Stars play a home game that night, American Airlines Arena not available.
San Antonio: AT&T Centre booked for AHL game, arena not available.
So when you hear El Paso mentioned as a possible site to hold this fight I can see why. Don Haskins Center near University of El Paso...it doesn't have anything booked for December 3rd...it holds just over 12,000.
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To help others - Things I would do different and things i love!
Feel free to add more to help others. I completed my home in December 09 and now that i have lived here a while there are things i love and things i would do different so i'm going to start a list to hopefully help other people!!
Things for a new house-
Light Countertops (silestone is maintance free)- I looove my light countertops more than my dark ones- they dont show marks and streaks-- so beautiful (we have corian, granite, silestone, ceasarstone and granite)-- dont recco corian- scratches easy, love my light colored granite and my silestone!)
Dark tile floors or light tiles with veining and use dark grout (or if its beige just use the darkest beige-to hide dirt etc) Love my textured tiles that hide every crumb- they have some veining so it really hides the dark dog hair and kids messes. Do not use textured tiles in the kitchen as cleanign them will be difficult- someone told me that once so i went with a veined looking tile that looked textured but if you rub your hand across its actually smooth- making it a simple thing to clean!!
Light wood floors- or wood floors that are oak with graining to hide dents (NOT SHINY)== shiny + maple = Lots of maintance! lol-- the darker the floor- the more you will see dust.
Thick Carpet- stain resistant! very important to get good padding and i love our mohawk stain resistant carpet- worth the extra $$
Use only Tile flooring in bathrooms (not wood)-- we did use wood in the powder room ... and it always shows the drips of water etc... tile would have been much more low maintance.
Master Bathroom- should have an 8 inch spread if possible
Put hand showers on sliding bars in all bathroom showers- makes it so much easier to wash down the shower!
Stainless steel- if you go with the trend get a good cleaner- I love claires spray on- works like a charm
These are the few i came up with- feel free to add more to help others. Hope this helps. I have kids and a dog- wish someone had shared this with me!!
Love my large (for me) kitchen and big window over the sink.
I love my tumbleweed corian counters and uba tuba island top.
I love my wide wood floors that are nearly everywhere and hide traffic and doghair, and the dark tile in the mud area that hides dirt and driveway gravel.
I love having the "back stairs" so dh doesn't have to traipse through the house, up the main staircase and back around to the master bedroom over the garage to shower after work.
I like having stairs to the basement from the garage so we don't need an unsightly hatchway outside.
I would have paid more attention to angles of sunlight and added a few windows accordingly. I would've chosen Anderson windows instead of Marvin Integrity. I might have looked for wider patio doors to get better views to the back yard. I wouldn't have listened to my GC's recommendation to put smaller windows in the bathrooms.
I would have selected a Kitchenaid dishwasher instead of a Bosch.
I might have gone for 9' ceilings instead of 8'.
While I do like the one-piece showers for budget and easy-clean, I'd never get the "double seat" kind again. The ledge seats take up too much space and get icky.
Per a tip from the kitchen forum, I've been using plain old Pledge wipes (yellow container) on the stainless. One swipe with the Pledge wipe and then wiped off with a dry cloth and it does a BEAUTIFUL job. I really think it coats it slightly and protects against fingerprints a bit. It also works on brushed nickel.
Get EVERYTHING - EVERY LITTLE DETAIL - IN WRITTING !!!
I have spent way more money than I would ever have guessed, because details were not in my builders contract.
My builder did not supply a list showing how many lights, plugs, etc and where they were located. So I find that I'm paying for things I would have thought were "In there".
I will NEVER assume when building a home again. Oh, that's right.... I will NEVER build AGAIN !
Just wanted to put a positive note after jeannie. All builders probably spec out code lighting/plugs. So if you want more outlets than code, you are going to pay for them. Most people don't need more than code - I think we did 1 for a wall hung TV. Now lights are a different story - code allows for very few lights and almost everyone does more. These are not huge dollar items - unless you get fancy fixtures or the builder has huge markups. I think our electrician charged $35 per extra light and for each extra switch. So an extra overhead light would be $70.
Cable, internet and phone are often speced low and you often get ripped off with the cost of adding more. So it is always a good idea to know the number here and the cost for adding more. It can easily be an extra $1000 for such a minor thing.
Best decisions - HAH, Nice screened porch with IPE, walnut floors, built in speakers, led undercabinet lights, raised planter for garden that thankfully had enough sun, alarm with deadbolt sensors, zoned HVAC
Worst - Not doing more landscaping DIY and settling for slightly smaller plants so I could do more, smaller masterbath would be easier to clean, didn't build out sink in kitchen so our Grohe ladylux had to be installed on angle, not pricing out geothermal - might have made sense with tax credit
- Inquired up front about electrical change orders. There were a number of outlets that I thought were missing. (None originally along stairways, none in upstairs toilet/shower area, under countertop for built-in wine fridge)
- Tried to minimize (or conceal) switches & outlets over my sink/bar pass through area in kitchen. After the house was framed, I inquired about this, and it was a $500 change order. I thought that was ridiculous and passed.
- Wished I would have paid more attention to the plans and verified the heights of the windows. One bedroom (upstairs) has really low windows. The plans were in error. Too late now.
- Made sure to get bigger sample size of wood floor stain samples.
- Make sure more things are in writing. I thought I was diligent enough, but apparently you need to go OVERBORED.
Good decisions that we made --
- Analyzed in detail our contract with the GC. Yes, it could be more in our favor, but I'm so glad that we changed a lot of the language from the one that they gave to us. We totally re-worked it.
- Removed landscape from GC workscope and interviewed 4 different landscapers. Landscape was important to us and we didn't want a generic, thoughtless plan.
- Put a keyed doorset on our master linen closet. And an electrical plug inside. I can keep my hair dryer always plugged in there. And jewelry box closet can be locked up.
- Added a window in the shower. Love it.
def get things in righting and make sure its detailed- our beautiful wood floors are semi-gloss- I know we said we wanted matte cashmere- but guess what it doesnt say anything on our contract - so we got what we got..... and b/c it wasnt in writing we couldnt write it so check your details (ie chrome, stainless, bronze, oak, maple, 3 1/4 inch planks- everythign should be detailed!!) who cares what they think- this is your insurance policy....trust me
love my murray feiss light fixtures.
Just completed our paver patio-- we choose a beautiful light tan- in retrospect maybe should have done a darker paver that wont show dirt, kids juice spills etc.... hmmm
mud room- would have loved this with kids!
details (like nobs (love top knobs) and lighting and molding!)
Paint colors- so happy we had the house painted before we moved in...!
nycefarm - I have noticed that in most houses the window above the tub is too high to actually be able to see out when you are sitting in the tub!
Things I love:
Central vacuum with Hide A Hose
Bosch dishwashers
Bosch washer and dryer
Monogram refrigerator drawers
Sub Zero refrigerator
The layout and lighting of my kitchen - I did the designs for a kitchen that suits me
Panels to match the cabinets on every appliance except the range!
2 story atrium style foyer that provides light to the rest of the house
The front garden - it's alive with butterflies and hummers and gets lots of compliments!
Phantom retractable screens on many of the French doors
2nd floor laundry room
Dimmers on almost every light switch
Don't love
Monogram range - I wish I had bitten the bullet and bought a Wolf or similar. The (propane) Monogram doesn't get hot enough and the company couldn't care less! Waste of money!
The windows - tried to support a local window manufacturer who promised a lot (they weren't any cheaper than reputable brands) but delivered very little. Big expensive mistake!
Wish I had chosen painted kitchen cabinets rather than the dark cherry. The kitchen is a little dark in daylight. Having loved painted cabs for many many years I felt they were becoming too common! Should have chosen what I love! I needn't have chosen custom cabs either, standard sizes would have fit perfectly and the style I chose is a simple classic style!
BUT the winner of my favorites IS ......the CV with Hide A Hose. It is great!!!
Here are links to some of the earlier threads . . .
http://ths.gardenweb.com/forums/load/build/msg0708180218905.html - unique/favorite features in your build....
http://ths.gardenweb.com/forums/load/build/msg051803107471.html - Things you couldn't live without or wish you had added
http://ths.gardenweb.com/forums/load/build/msg012331272427.html - What things did you find needed adjusting or changed?
http://ths.gardenweb.com/forums/load/build/msg052337148911.html - is there anything you wish you had done
http://ths.gardenweb.com/forums/load/build/msg1011400927581.html - What about your new build makes your life easier; what doesn't ?
http://ths.gardenweb.com/forums/load/build/msg0913570232282.html - Brands/Products That I'd Use Again
http://ths.gardenweb.com/forums/load/build/msg0321442732113.html - Share your best sites for deals on supplies!
We've been in for 4 1/2 months now and overall are very happy with how our new home turned out.
Things I love:
Wood floors - Ours are 4" white oak, site finished in a medium stain color, satin finish(not shiny).
Dover white laquer painted woodwork, mouldings, and cabinetry. We have stained cabinets in a couple of bathrooms, and I'm glad I didn't go stained in the kitchen and rest of the house. The stained acts like a dust magnet and washes out the paint color on the walls. But most of all, white wood against painted walls and hardwood floors just makes me happy.:-)
Love my kitchen. Thank you kitchen forum! Definitely pay a visit over there if you're just getting started.
-It turned out beautiful(white custom cabs, arched hood, wood floors)
-Lots of well placed lighting all on dimmers
-Functional, large layout with specific work zones
-Danze faucets and pot filler
-Silgranit sinks(love the big single basin and the round prep!)
-Bosch ovens
-Dacor 36" gas cooktop
-Kitchenaid DW and Fridge
-Giallo Ornamental granite
-Microwave built into the island
-Trash pullout
-Tons of deep drawers instead of cabinet doors
-Step in pantry
Smart Strand carpet - feels and looks great - LOVE IT!!!
Love our huge paved, curvy driveway and walkways. Lots of room for the kids to ride bikes, scooters, and play basketball.
Huge covered porches front and back
Exercise room off of master for treadmill and weights
Walk in attic access from upstairs
Huge bonus room upstairs
Big laundry room with 2 washer and 2 dryer hookups, quartz folding countertop, deep stainless sink, and plenty of storage.
Love that the dryers vent right outside, not up through walls and then to the roof like our last house. Makes cleaning the duct a huge pain and cuts down on effiency.
Sound system with speakers throughout and on back porch
Paint colors - Tobacco Road(main), Dover White(woodwork)
Lots of lighting throughout almost all on dimmers
Schlage door hardware and deadbolts
Love being out in the country on a little land with tons of trees and a pond. Peaceful and lots of room for the kids to play and explore.
Things I'd do differently -
Insulate wall where upstairs bath plumbing runs downstairs for sound reduction.
Put in sprinkler system - On the list to do next spring
Wish we would've upgraded to satin or eggshell paint in the bonus and kids rooms. Went with flat to save money figuring we could always repaint later.
Thank you all for sharing what you love and what you don't!
I have seen some of your home pictures when you were almost done and loved your taste. I don't know if you posted your whole house pictures after you completed it. If so, please post a link.
About the smartstrand carpet, what color did you choose. I am thinking about the same carpet and find it hard to choose the color which is not berber like and I want the carpet to feel soft under the foot. Recently saw a house with ultrastrand and liked that too. But don't know how it compares to smartstrand in price and quality.
Vidyaram, I just posted some pics of our house. I've been so terrible about taking pictures since we moved in. I never even took any of the outside after the landscaping was done. I guess I took so many pics during the build and just after moving in that I got burnt out on house stuff for a while and kind of forgot about it. I'll include a link at the bottom to the thread.
I think the color of our Smart Strand is Almond, but I don't remember the name of the collection. We got it through a design center that our builder uses. Anyway, it's a light creamy tan with little gray flecks in it.
Here is a link that might be useful: Finished House Pics


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This was my husband and my first time riding horses and we had a great experience. Our guide, Roger, was so informative on the history of the land, Indian culture, and horses that it made the experience amazing. We also saw wild horses from a distance, which was cool. We went right at 8am in hopes to see them since it would make sense they would rest in the warmer hours of the day. We also saw a few other animals along the way. Very enjoyable!
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text: This B&H Kit includes the Allen & Heath ZED14 mixer and a Gator Cases G-MIX-L-16X22 lightweight mixer bag. This allows you to protect your mixer while transporting it between studios or to a gig. The mixer offers a USB connection, a 3-band EQ section, as well as mono and stereo inputs for terrific versatility.


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Pretty, but what is it?
lizzierouxMay 21, 2014
Today I got lucky in the tropical plant section where I came across this plant among other beautiful tropicals (sort of hidden in the middle of everything), and the price was $2.33! Most of the leaves were looking good so I bought it.
Planter only says "tropical" keep moist. I have no idea what it may be. I am ready to re-pot it to a larger pot.
ANyone have a clue :)


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