text:
- Work 1-866-820-5920
- Santa Fe Springs, CA
- 33.940631866455 -118.06922149658
- Work 1-888-301-8533
- Downey, CA
- 33.917059682315 -118.114352034
87 Apartments for Rent in the Southeast LA Area
We found 87 apartments for rent in the Southeast LA Area of California. Refine your search by viewing 1, 2 or 3+ bedroom apartments in Southeast LA Area as well as cheap apartments, pet friendly apartments, apartments with utilities included and more. Use our customizable guide to narrow down options for apartments in the Southeast LA Area of California and find affordable apartments in the Southeast LA Area today!
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Park Regency ClubExact - 10000 Imperial Hwy Downey, CA 9024233.917059682315 -118.114352034
Park Regency Club features spacious one and two bedroom apartments in a lush, resort-style setting. We feature heated pools and spas, a tennis court and on-site pet parks and playground. Our fitness center and laundry facilities are open 24 hours for your convenience. We are conveniently located at the apex of five major freeways, near shopping, entertainment, LA, and OC. Stop by and discover what makes us exceptional! Take advantage of our fabulous move-in specials today!
- Refreshing Pools and Spa
- Lighted Tennis Court
- State-of-the-art 24 Hour Fitness Center
- Playground Area
- Patio or Balcony (Select Units)
- Free Wi Fi Service
- 3 On-Site Pet Parks
- Walking Distance From Metro Link
- Ask About Our Job Loss Assurance Program!
- Card Operated Laundry Facilities - open 24 hours
- Small Pets Welcome
- Walking Distance to Schools
The Enclave Apartment HomesExact - 13801 Paramount Blvd Paramount, CA 9072333.9105 -118.160299
The Enclave offers spacious one and two bedroom apartments, cable TV ready, with A/C, ceiling fans, mirrored wardrobe closets, fireplaces, dishwashers, and disposals. Our pet friendly community provides controlled access, gated subterranean parking, spa and fitness center, laundry facilities and on-site management/maintenance. Conveniently located near an array of dining, shopping and entertainment options. Close to the 5, 101, 118, 170 and 405 freeways.
- Courtyard
- Cardio Equipment
- Cyber Cafe
- Dog Run
- Hot Tub
- Pool View
- Skyline View
- Top Floor (TC)
- Upgraded Unit
Arbor RidgeExact - 13708 Via Del Palma Ave. Whittier, CA 9060233.972482 -118.029118
Spacious one and two bedroom apartments are available at Arbor Ridge in Whittier. Our units include washer/dryer, dishwasher, central heat and A/C, ceiling fan, private balcony/patio. Covered parking, laundry facility, 24 hour maintenance and on-site management available. Minutes away from The Quad, Michigan Park, restaurants and theatres. Close to Whittier College and public transportation. Easy access to the 5 and 605 freeways.
- 1 & 2 bedrooms
- Washer and Dryer Included
- New Carpet, Paint, Appliances & Dishwasher
- Ceiling Fan
- Outdoor Barbecue Area
- Breakfast Bar
- Close to Whittier and Rio Hondo Colleges
- Sparkling Swimming Pool
- Covered Parking with Storage Cabinet
- Central Heating and Air Conditioning
- Fitness Center
- Close to the Quad Shopping and Penn Park
Solterra at Civic CenterExact - 12700 Bloomfield Norwalk, CA 9065033.915851 -118.064012
Solterra at Civic Center in Norwalk, CA offers spacious 1 and 2 bedroom apartments with washers and dryers in all apartments, kitchens with ENERGY STAR qualified refrigerators, gas stoves, and dishwashers; ceiling fans, central air conditioning & heating, and patio/balconies. Our community is gated for your privacy and offers 2 sparkling pools and spas, a fitness center and play area. Covered parking is also available. We are pet friendly! Dogs and cats are welcome! Maximum 2 pets per apartment.
- BBQ/Picnic Area
- Sports Courts
- Ceiling Fans
- Online Service Requests
- Online Payments Accepted
- Night-Lit Tennis Court
- Digital/Cable TV Available
- In-home Washer/Dryers
- Credit Cards Accepted for Monthly Rent
- Instant Credit Screening
- Central Air Conditioning/Heating
- Spacious Closets
Parc @ 5Exact - 9140 Brookshire Ave Downey, CA 9024033.957713 -118.113301
One, two and three bedroom apartments available with central air and heat, spacious walk-in closet, ceiling fans, brand new appliances, dishwasher and private balcony/patio. Our pet friendly community provides three laundry facilities, gated access and assigned parking, two swimming pools and a fitness center. Conveniently located near public parks, dining and shopping. Easy access to the 5 and 605 freeways.
- Ample Storage
- Gourmet Kitchens
- Mirrored Closet Doors
- Large Pantry
- On-Site Maintenance
- On-Call Maintenance
- Business Center
- Resident Clubhouse
- WiFi Lounge
- Corporate Housing Available
- Covered Parking
- Upscale Flooring
Sierra GardensExact - 16245 Lakewood Blvd Bellflower, CA 9070633.8867 -118.142864
Huge 2 and 3 bedroom apartments for rent in Bellflower. Convenient location with all the amenities you desire: pools, laundry, patios and balconies, and much more. Lease your home here today!
- $599 deposit O.A.C.
- Giant 2 and 3 Bedroom Apartments
- Convenient Location
- Gated Community
- Huge Closets
- Easy Freeway Access
- Patios and Balconies
- Pool and Wading Pool
- Laundry Facilities
- Convenient to Shopping and Restaurants
- Ceiling Fans
- Professional On-Site Management
The CourtyardsExact - 12401 S Studebaker Rd Norwalk, CA 9065033.918743323945 -118.09931195745
The Courtyards offers spacious one, two and three bedroom apartments with A/C, ceiling fans, large walk-in closets, energy-saving kitchen, dishwasher, and private patio/balcony. Our gated, pet friendly community provides controlled access, pool and spa, fitness center, BBQ/picnic areas and playground. Close to schools, hospital, dining and shopping options. Easy access to the 105 and 605 freeways.
- Newly Renovated Norwalk Apartments
- Accent Walls
- 2 Sparkling Pools and Spa
- Largest 3 Bedroom in Norwalk!
- Courtesy Patrol
- Central Location: Close to 605 and 5 Fwys
- Reserved Parking
- BBQ Areas
- Two Laundry Facilities
- Gated Community
- Close to Shopping and Dining
- Remodeled Apartments
Villa Santa FeExact - 11850 E Florence Avenue Santa Fe Springs, CA 9067033.935227985507 -118.0806792014
Villa Santa Fe offers large 2 & 3 bedroom apartments for rent in Santa Fe Springs, CA. Villa Santa Fe is close to CSU, the freeways, and shopping is within walking distance.
- Large 2 & 3 Bedroom Apartments For Rent
- Close To CSU
- Dishwasher
- Disposal
- Carpet
- Garages
- Pools & playground, Carports and garages
- BBQs, Laundry rooms, Central A/C & heat
- Walk-in pantry and walk-in closets
- Near schools and parks, Telephone entry
- Month-to-month leases, Close to freeways
- Gated/Controlled Access,Cable Ready
Miro ApartmentsExact - 12257 Heritage Springs Dr Santa Fe Springs, CA 9067033.940631866455 -118.06922149658
Spacious 1, 2 and 3 bedroom apartment homes with ceiling fans, wood-look plank flooring, walk-in closets, stackable washer/dryer, Energy Star appliances, and balcony/patio. Our pet friendly community provides covered parking, pool and jacuzzi, 24-hr fitness studio, social spaces with TV lounge and dining area. Minutes away from various dining and shopping options, as well as the 5 and 605 freeways.
- Poolside Cabanas, Showers & Bath
- Poolside Gas & Charcoal BBQ Grills
- Car Charging Stations
- Over-Sized Soaking Tubs
- 9 Ft. Ceilings
- Refrigerator w/ Ice Maker
- Gas Stove
- Kitchen Pantry w/ Shelving
- Granite Countertops
- Maple Cabinetry
- Attached Garage w/ Car Openers
- Gourmet Kitchen Islands
Eaves CerritosExact - 11421 East 186th St Artesia, CA 9070133.8631282 -118.0902548
Eaves Cerritos offers one and two bedroom apartments with spacious walk-in closets, air conditioning, private patios or balconies, microwave and dishwasher. Our pet friendly community features swimming pools, fitness centers, landscaped courtyards with BBQ grills and underground and garage parking options. Close to an array of dining and shopping options. Minutes to the 605 freeway.
- Spacious 1- and -2 Bedroom Apartments
- Well equipped kitchen with gas stove & dishwasher
- Ample storage space feat. spacious Walk-in Closets
- Accent Walls & Stylish Lighting Throughout
- Gas fireplaces in select homes
- A/C and heating units
- Ceiling fans in select homes
- Private Patios, Balconies, & Decks
- Fitness Center
- Sparkling Swimming Pools
- Onsite 24-Hour Laundry Facility
- Close to shopping, dining & entertainment
Kendallwood ApartmentsExact - 10522 Santa Gertrudes Whittier, CA 9060333.940213 -117.992797
Kendallwood Apartment Homes offer spacious one and two bedroom apartments that feature patio or balcony, additional storage, central heat and air, in-home washer and dryer, dishwasher and gas stove. Our pet friendly community amenities include swimming pool, fitness center, on-site maintenance and covered parking. Minutes away from various shopping and dining options.
- Corporate Housing
- Laundry Facilities
- Covered Parkign
- Central Air Conditioning & Heat
- Built-in Microwave in Select Units
- On-Site Maintenance
- Emergency Maintenance Available
- Disability Access
- Extra Storage
- BBQ areas
Union Plaza ApartmentsExact - 16818 Downey Avenue Paramount, CA 9072333.88167 -118.151299
Union Plaza is a private, gated community featuring spacious, nicely remodeled one and two bedroom apartment homes! Easy access to the 91, 710, 105, 405 and 605 freeways Call Now!
Kimberly Thor ApartmentsExact - 9220 Telegraph Road Downey, CA 9024033.958235 -118.106011
Kimberly Thor offers one and two bedroom apartments that are cable ready and feature A/C, ceiling fans and oversized closets. Our friendly community provides controlled access, pool and BBQ areas. We are conveniently located near various shopping and dining options, as well as schools. Minutes away from the 5 and 605 freeways.
- Laundry Facility
- Dishwasher and Garbage Disposal
- Manager On-Site
- Garages
- Assigned Parking
- Cable/Satellite
- Beautiful views
- Near Public Transportation
Somerset on GarfieldExact - 336 N Garfield Ave Montebello, CA 9064034.017711639404 -118.12939453125
Spacious one and two bedroom apartments with air-conditioning, ceiling fans, spacious closets (in select units), gas oven/range, microwave and granite counter tops. Our pet friendly community provides covered parking, pool, fitness center and laundry room. Centrally located near various dining and shopping options. Minutes away from the 5 and 60 freeways.
- Hardwood Flooring
- Cable and DSL Available
- High Speed Internet Access
- Assigned Garage Space
- Assigned Storage
- Business Center
- BBQ Grill Areas
- 24 Hr Emergency Maintenance
- Courtesy Patrol
- Dog Run (Coming Soon)
- Smoke-Free Community
The VillageExact - 8840 Lindell Avenue Downey, CA 9024033.959798 -118.110002
Great Location and Great Price for these spacious apartments!!! These newly renovated apartments are located in a quiet peaceful neighborhood!!! Come home to these condo like apartment homes in Downey.... near Markets, Shopping, Public Transportation, Restaurants and More!!! Spacious Wall to Wall Closets, Front and Back Patio in Select units... CALL TODAY!!!!
- Gated Community
- Dishwasher
- Air Conditioner
- Patio or balcony in select units
- 2 Laundry Facilities
- Sparkling Pool
- Decorative Ceiling Fans
- Near Stonewood Mall
- Walk to Starbucks
- Manager on-site
- Quiet and Peaceful Neighborhood
- Newly Renovated Apartments
Park VictoriaExact - 630 N. Howard Avenue Montebello, CA 9064034.020426 -118.109341
Park Victoria has one and two bedroom apartments for rent in montebello, ca. There are laundry rooms on site as well as a swimming pool, jacuzzi, sauna all in a gated community.
- 4 Laundry Rooms
- 3 Pools
- Recreation Room
- Gated Community
- On-Site Maintenance
- 24 Hour Emergency Service Calls
- Bilingual Staff
- Beautiful Landscaping
- Sauna and Jacuzzi
- Spacious Floorplans
- Balcony/Patio
- Walk In Closets
7350 Pickering Avenue ApartmentsExact - 7350 Pickering Avenue Whittier, CA 9060233.973988 -118.041725
Spacious 2 bedroom apartments with A/C wall unit, carpet flooring, dishwasher and stove. Our pet friendly community provides car ports and on-site laundry facilities. We are located near various shopping and dining options, as well as the 10 freeway.
- Stainless Steel Stove and Dishwasher
- Water, Trash and Gardner Paid
- Newly Remodeled Kitchens
- Newly Remodeled Bathrooms
- On-Site Laundry Facilities
- On-Site Management
Carlton Park Apts.Exact - 13521 Woodruff Ave Bellflower, CA 9070633.908925 -118.115762
Carlton Park offers one bedroom apartments with vaulted ceilings, ceiling fans, vertical blinds, refrigerator and gas stove. Water and Trash Utilities are included. Our community provides a swimming pool, a laundry center, and on-site management. Easy access to the 105 and 405 freeways.
- Refrigerator
- Wall to Wall Carpet
- Swimming Pool
- Included Utilities: Water/Trash
- On-site property management
- Ceiling fan in bedroom
- Vertical blinds
- Full size gas stove
- Laundry facilities
Four Winds ApartmentsExact - 8121 Broadway Ave Whittier, CA 9060633.969667 -118.070094
Spacious 1, 2 and 3 bedroom apartments with air-conditioning, ceiling fans, and carpet flooring. Our pet friendly community provides controlled access, swimming pool, fitness center and laundry rooms. We are minutes away from dining and shopping options, as well as the 605 freeway.
- Carports Available
- Clubhouse/Rec Room
- Picnic Area
- Elevator
- 24-Hour Emergency Maintenance
- Friendly On-Site Staff
- Near Public Transportation
Villa Del Sol ApartmentsExact - 11217 Barnwall St Norwalk, CA 9065033.891254 -118.095036
Two and three bedroom apartments in Norwalk, California with fully equipped kitchens and carports. Most apartments have ceiling fans private patios balconies and upgraded appliances carpet and cabinets. Pet friendly gated community with swimming pool and two card operated laundry facilities. Villa Del Sol Apartments in Norwalk CA 90650 are only 15 miles from Long Beach and 17 miles from Los Angeles. Apartments one block from Cerritos College. Easy commuting distance to downtown LA & OC.
- A Gated Community
- Private Patio or Balcony
- Cooling Ceiling Fans
- Updated Energy-Saving Kitchens
- Extra Storage
- Hassle Free Covered Parking
- Ceiling Fans
- Swimming Pool and Tanning Deck
- Moments from the Interstate and Highways
- Nearby Cerritos College & Cerritos Mall
- Located in La Mirada School District
- Close to 5 and 105 freeways
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courberive GITE DE FRANCE 3 *
from £50 / night help
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Excludes fees (if applicable). Enter your dates to see the total cost.
Availability Your dates are available
Bungalow / 3 bedrooms / sleeps 6
|Key Info
Courberive is hidden away down a private lane overlooking a 20 acre lake.
The delightful 3 bedroom gite will all the comforts of home Central heating fully fitted kitchen, bathroom with separate shower. TV, DVD 2 double bedrooms and 1 twin. 20 minutes away is a well stocked private carp lake with night fishing permitted.
For the non fishers there are 2 theme parks Puy de Fou and Futuroscope. The Atlantic beaches are an hour away.
The nearest town of Moncoutant has supermarkets restaurants and is an easy 4 hour drive from the channel ports of Le Havre the area is well served by the airports of Poitiers La Rochelle but a car is recommended.
The accommodation is all on one level for those a bit unsteady on their feet.
Gite de France 3 star rating
|Sleeps up to 6, 3 bedrooms
|Will consider
|Long term lets (over 1 month)
|Car essential
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Poitiers or La Rochelle 60 km
|Family friendly
|Suitable for children over 5, Suitable for people with restricted mobility
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|Staffed property
|Central heating, Satellite TV, Wi-Fi available
|Kettle, Toaster, Iron
|Dishwasher, Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms and 1 Shower rooms
|Double beds (2), Single beds (2), Dining seats for 6, Lounge seats for 6
|Linen provided, Towels provided
|Balcony or terrace, Private garden, BBQ
|Secure parking
About this location
The Poitou-Charentes region
Set in the beautiful Deux Sevres area of Poitou Charentes, the second sunniest place in France. This hidden gem offers a relaxing time for all the family. Situated between Puy de Fou and Futuroscope and only 1 hour from the famous beaches of La Rochelle and Les Sables d'Olonnes in the Vendee there are lots to do and see.The Marais Poiteivin (Little Venice) is a short drive away with its winding canals and waterways. For the younger members or your party there is karting and an adventure park also nearby. There is a golf course 10 minutes away and of course fishing in the private lake. Deux Sevres is famous for its butter and cheese and the local sparkling wine from Samur is excellent.For the anglers we are between the internationally acclaimed Pescalis Pescalis nature reserve & fishing centre - Poitou-Charentes.
About the owner
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Help other travellers decide where to stay
This holiday home hasn't got any reviews yet. The average rating on Holiday Lettings is four out of five. This place could be newly added or perhaps it's a well kept secret. Either way, it's time to reveal all.
This advert is created and maintained by the advertiser; we can only publish adverts in good faith as we don't own, manage or inspect any of the properties. We advise you to familiarise yourself with our terms of use.
You're booking with
Geofandcherry L.
100% Response rate
Calendar last updated:19 Apr 2014
Based in United Kingdom
- English
- French

subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome from Iowa!
This is a discussion on Hello from Burbank.........IL within the New Members Introduce Yourself forums, part of the DefensiveCarry.com Forum Office category; Hi im Mike. Im a heavy equipment mechanic from Burbank Il.It's in cook county just southwest of Chicago. I cant carry here .Maybe someday we ...
Hi im Mike. Im a heavy equipment mechanic from Burbank Il.It's in cook county just southwest of Chicago. I cant carry here.Maybe someday we will smarten up in this state.Till then i will read listen and learn from others who can.
The above opinions do not infer any political affiliations and are mine and mine alone unless you agree then ill share.
Welcome from Iowa!
Welcome from Tallassee, AL.
Welcome from the Eastern Seaboard.
The United States Constitution © 1791. All Rights Reserved.
Welcome from Delaware!
You can educate ignorance, you can't fix stupid
Retired DE Trooper, SA XD40 SC, S&W 2" Airweight
dukalmighty & Pure Kustom Black Ops Pro "Trooper" Holsters, DE CCDW and LEOSA Permits, Vietnam Vet 68-69 Pleiku
Welcome to the forum
"The Second Amendment: America's Original Homeland Security"
Welcome from Virginia.
Freedom doesn't come free. It is bought and paid for by the lives and blood of our men and women in uniform.
USAF Retired
NRA Life Member
Semper Fi
Welcome from Michigan!
If you have never broken your gun or bled on your gun in training, you're doing it wrong!
Train hard, live easy.
Don't believe what you hear and only half of what you see!
-Tony Soprano
Greetings from Rocky Top Tennessee
When you accept mediocrity you sow the seeds for future failure.
One should never confuse good fortune with good training.
Illegitimus Non Carborundum. In God we trust.
Welcome from sunny Arizona.
Welcome from South Carolina!!
Always put Jesus first in your life.
NRA (Lifetime Member)
U.S. Navy Vet.


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Here's A Great Way To Control Your Junk Food Intake
Remember the Larry Groce song "Junk Food Junkie"? That's pretty much me in a nutshell. I love chips, cakes, pies, pizza, hot dogs, hamburgers, fried chicken, and the list goes on.
Remember the Larry Groce song "Junk Food Junkie"? That's pretty much me in a nutshell. I love chips, cakes, pies, pizza, hot dogs, hamburgers, fried chicken, and the list goes on.
I'm not going to spoil this by telling you what this young man is describing in this video. All I'm going to say is I'm sure you can certainly relate.
You can soon get wasted away at Margaritaville. The restaurant/bar, on the third floor of Destiny USA, has set an opening date.
Whoa, Valentine's Day is just around the corner? I guess I should have known since the all of the Valentine stuff has been in the stores since Dec 26. Well, with Valentine's Day, there are always of tales of love gone wrong, or bad dates, or as I like to call them…poor social decisions.
Things have definitely changed from when I was a kid, and I'm sure you can agree. Remember when you learned about U.S. history in grade school? Not a hot subject these days.
Here's something I found interesting. For years now I have been accustomed to having some sort of background noise going while I sleep. I have a couple of different sound machines and I even have a sound app on my phone.
So you say you've seen it all with those "waitress gets amazing tip" stories. Well, not so fast.
Thermometers across the country are falling quicker than a bad stock, but just because the temperature is low doesn't mean you should feel that way, too.
Here's a video that is getting a lot of attention on the Internet. It's a video of a police officer from the Dover Police Department singing along to Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off" while driving around. It's pretty funny.
Joseph Reginella, toymaker, apparently also makes other things such as retail displays, sets and sculptures for theater groups, and crazy furniture for children.
Looking to mix your beer with Girl Scout Cookies? Here's the best pairings you can make with the two delicious treats!


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Home :: Bridal Ring Sets :: Bridal 2-Piece Antique Sets :: Ladies Two Piece Set
14K White Gold
2.57 cts.
Product Selection
We were looking for something unique in a matching set and found the tri-color rose gold bands and loved the pictures, but were absolutely wowed by the...
Wedding Band
The wedding band I ordered is beautiful. I love it! My future husband is so excited to wear the ring. The quality is excellent! I was very impressed with...
Our 20th Anniversary DWB-2763
My wife and I searched for just the right ring to honor our 20th Wedding Anniversary. After making the rounds at various retailers, I found the Joshua...
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Copyright © 2015 Joshua's Jewelry. Powered by WSC Cart


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Gallatin Valley Fight Night – For Belgrade Bandits
This sounds like fun!
This sounds like fun!
Louis CK isn't known for his sympathy or patience for people. He shows a different side in this video on his experience being a dad. More specifically, his growth into a dad. Nobody knows exactly what they are doing when they become a father, but coming to a realization about what it truly means can be all the difference in the world. He loves his kids and has a great story about spending time with his daughter to start it off.
My husband is so excited to take our girls to this event...and they are even more excited!
I remember my Dad taking me to a father/daughter dinner when I was quite young. I remember getting all dressed up and feeling like the luckiest girl in the world that I got him all to myself.
XL Country would like to thank everyone who has served, or is serving in the military. We would also like to thank the families, and the men and women who have given their lives to protect us and our country.
Alyson Grinestaff was recently crowned Miss Rodeo Montana! I have had the pleasure of meeting her, and she is a fantastic woman. She is making an appearance here in Bozeman at the Butterfly Cowgi
I call first ride on the fire truck! I also call that the firefighter gets to 'save' me!
This Saturday is going to be a day for the history books here in the Gallatin Valley. The Super Garage Sale has over 40 registered homes that will be hosting garage sales selling everything from Star Trek figurines to TV's and antiques. Will you be out looking for a killer deal? Here is everything shoppers need to know about the Super Garage Sale on Saturday May 18th, 2013.
The time is near, and I have barely scraped the surface of the stuff that is in my garage. Luckily all the other people signed up for the Super Garage Sale are a little more organized than me!
I have fallen in love with Caden Shrauger! You probably know his dad, Jason Shrauger, a local firefighter...and his mom, Pam, who's so positive while fighting for her son.
The Super Garage Sale is quickly approaching and you have a little over a week to get your stuff registered! What are you waiting for? Get signed up and then you have to get rid of the clutter, junk, stuff, baby clothes, bikes... whatever you call it... it equals $$$$$$$$$ or a new TV or Bobcat Season Tickets, maybe a vacation!
Cancer affects the entire family and that is why The Cancer Support Community works so hard to help the entire family when it comes to cancer support. So sign up to go and enjoy a weekend with your family and get support from fellow families that are dealing with cancer. This camp is offered free of charge.
Miss Rodeo Montana was in the XL Studio this morning. We talked with her about her upcoming coronation gala this weekend. So shine up your boots and get ready for a great night of auctions, dancing, great food, and fun!


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How to select control valves, Part 2
When it comes to selecting and sizing control valves and positioners, this article not only helps you pick the right one for the right job, but also includes a valuable valve selection chart you can download!10/17/2006
The FRETT approach to pump problems
Some U.S. oil refineries repair their centrifugal pumps every three years while other refineries enjoy an average repair interval of 10 years. Learn about the highest-performing refineries and other petrochemical companies that have significantly reduced pump failures, and how you can obtain the same results.10/16/2006
Washington targets plant security
Federal actions undoubtedly will markedly impact the chemical industry. Nevertheless, we dont know at this point whether federal chemical security legislation will happen in 2006.09/22/2006
Increase pump performance
In this web exclusive on ChemicalProcessing.com, pump expert Ross Mackay says a key to a pump's performance is to look at the control system it's running with.09/18/2006
Succeed at bioprocess scale-up
While fermentation-based syntheses were once reserved for producing high-value specialty chemicals and biopharmaceuticals, bioprocess routes now are gaining increasing attention for commodity products.08/28/2006
The impact of the European Union's directives on the U.S.
The Restrictions of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (the RoHS Directive) is part of a growing wave of European Union product-based regulations that will profoundly impact global and United States product standards and thus the chemical industry.08/17/2006
Small sensors promise big impact
Because many environmental applications of nanotechnology will almost certainly revolutionize the science, law, and regulation of water pollution, readers are urged to keep abreast of this fast-changing area.06/28/2006
Keep a steady eye on measurements
While engineers often strive to keep processes running without too much variation, measurements that dont change may be a cause for concern not celebration, as one refinery can attest.06/19/2006
Pumping Temperature Considerations
"Bad actor" pumps are those pumps that have trouble with frequent and repetitive failures. In many cases, the source of the problem is an ANSI pump trying valiantly to handle a liquid well beyond the range of its design rating.of 300 degs. F.06/19/2006
Solve the real problem
Sometimes solving a problem causes more harm than good.05/06/2006
Wireless wins wider role
Wireless is poised for a big breakthrough in plant operations because of its ease of use, safety and potential for energy savings.03/14/2006
Separations in flux
Separation processes often account for more than 50 percent of a chemical company's operating costs. Read how membranes and other non-thermal technologies poised to win a wider role.02/15/2006
Flow metering gets more fluid
There are more and more funcationalities being added to your most trusted instrumentation. These established technologies have expand their reach and performance.01/09/2006
Cure column hiccups12/29/2005
Treat precipitation reactions as reactive crystallizations
Crystallization concepts can provide crucial insights for improving precipitate filterability.12/18/2005
Pumps benefit from a vane effort
Widely used but underappreciated, back pump-out vanes extend bearings and seal life.11/15/2005
pH linearization lubricates waste control
Learn how a simplified technique for linearizing pH can enhance control in waste treatment applications and eliminate the need for gain-adjusting techniques.11/15/2005
Optimize Water Use
Four major drivers are spurring increasing interest in optimizing water use.10/25/2005
Find the best value seal
A new industry-developed tool provides insights and practical guidance on seal economics.10/18/2005
Flow Meter Focus
ChemicalProcessing.com introduces Flow meter focus, a compilation of useful articles, news, white papers and product information related to flow meters.09/28/2005


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Holdays.net Home
Hanukkah Lamp Menorah METAL STRING HANUKIAH 35 CM Judaica Israel Gift
WITH PURCHASE OF TWO ITEMS IN OUR STORE SOUVENIRS Pens for free!
Do not forget to
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Banking and Finance Over the Mobile Channel
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Over the last three to five years people have seen dramatic growth of mobile commerce, both globally and in the US, with optimistic forecasts for this trend to continue. The introduction of the iPhone in 2007 served to further spur the move to mobile. Suddenly on trains, planes, at the beach, and on the streets, people see an explosion of users with BlackBerrys, Androids, iPhones, Kindles and iPads. People are using their mobile devices to buy and download music and books, to bank, social network, board planes, even remotely deposit checks, all through their smartphones and wireless devices (both over the cellular network and WiFi).
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30 Days to Becoming a Woman of Prayer
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Its only been a short while since we got word of the latest Ghostbusters reboot featuring a stellar, all-female cast. And now, just as the excitement from their first announcement started to settle, Sony just announced that there will indeed be an all-male Ghostbusters reboot as well.
Before the new Ghostbusters was announced as a reboot with Kristen Wiig, Kate McKinnon, Melissa McCarthy and Leslie Jones, Dan Aykroyd was busy working on a story line for a more traditional sequel. Though director Paul Feig plans on shooting his interpretation this summer in New York for a 2016 release, the original Ghostbuster seems to think that his version could still happen.
One thing was made crystal clear during NBCs reunion special Saturday Night Live 40: the weekly sketch comedy show has launched an insane amount of massive movie stars. Many of them turned up as hosts, from Tom Hanks to Alec Baldwin. But others got their start as repertory players in the shows cast, and used that exposure to kick start incredibly successful movie careers.
With the venerable question of "who you gonna call?" answered with the recent announcement of an all-female cast, the new Ghostbusters reboot looks set to tackle something strange in the neighborhood. Now we are finally starting to get some feedback from the celebrated surviving cast members of the original film.
Among the leaked drama that has been flooding the internet due to the recent Sony hacking scandal, one exchanged e-mail discussed a legal suit over the new Ghostbusters film and Bill Murrays involvement.
A Ghostbusters reunion that saw Bill Murray, Ernie Hudson, Sigourney Weaver and Dan Aykroyd come together has produced probably the greatest image youll see all day. It sees the films cast joyously smiling and it is utterly contagious.
With the news that Ghostbusters 3 is in the pipeline, as well as being a reboot, it's a good time for Paul Feig to address what we should expect to see in terms of nods or cameos of the original cast. Brace yourselves, folks; you might not like what he has to say.
Dan Aykroyd has big ideas for Ghostbusters -- Marvel-styled ideas. Can he turn the franchise into its very own universe? That's his newest mission.
Casting an actor to play a characters dad in a movie or television show can be tricky waters to navigate. On the one hand theres the importance of matching certain genetic features, making sure that actor has some similar features and is age appropriate. Perhaps more important, however, is having a higher understanding of personality and making sure that there are some familiar patterns and mannerisms that can be matched and show link between parent and offspring.
Harold Ramis' death has likely left many of us feeling a mixture of sadness and fond amusement as we grieve but also remember some of his best work in comedy. For those of us who grew up believing that regular scientists could achieve superhero status with the right equipment on their backs, Ramis' face may be best associated with his role as Egon Spengler
Aykroyd wasnt exactly forthcoming with new details, either, though he did promise King a role in this one, where he could comment on whats happening in Manhattan up there at Morningside Heights. Its going to be quite a spectacular scene once the stuff starts to break.
Tammys plot revolves around Tammy, (McCarthy) who is having one of the worst days of her life and finds herself fired from her job before discovering her husband is cheating on her. For her sanitys sake, she decides to hit the road with her cussin, boozin grandmother (Sarandon) whose lesbian friend (Bates) helps them out on their trip. Tammy meets a strange man (Duplass) along the way, and they develop an unusual relationship. Aykroyd will play Duplass father, who also encounters the ladies on their journey
This past summer, Aykroyd finally admitted Murray was out of Ghostbusters 3, which to many movie fansmyself includedseems like reason enough to let this project die. However, when Aykroyd is not promoting his Crystal Head vodka, he's cheerleading for Ghostbusters 3. Speaking with Esquire, Aykroyd insisted that not only was the project still brewing, but also there's nothing Murray can do to stop it.
"It's sad but we're passing it on to a new generation. Ghostbusters 3 can be a successful movie without Bill," Aykroyd said. "My preference would be to have him involved but at this point he doesn't seem to be coming and we have to move on. It's time to make the third one.
Like the last bit of news we heard on Dan Aykroyd's long promisedor long threatened, depending on how you look at itGhostbusters III, the latest update comes not from a trusted industry trade, but from a local news team. WIVB4 of New York snagged a few moments with Aykroyd as he signed bottles at a liquor store in Amherst, promoting his Crystal Head Vodka.
Aykroyd had at long last admitted Bill Murray would have nothing to do with it. This sounded like the death rattle for Ghostbusters 3, and after hearing some of Aykroyd's horrifying pitchesincluding dispirited, crippled Ghostbusters, a dead Venkman, and some young blood in the form of female eye-candy
Over the years Dan Aykroyd has just become the human embodiment of a buzz kill to me. Once a truly funny comedian who was a crucial part to such comedy classics as Ghostbusters and The Blues Brothers, he has since aimed to do everything in his power to subvert and destroy all he's created by willfully - yet mindlessly - franchising these features.
This is the first time Aykroyd has gone on record to confirm that Murray will not be involved in any sequel. And while the comedian tells the interviewer that theyre not going to do a movie that exploits the franchise, I think the only reasonable thing to do at this point is cut your loses and stop all of this foolish talk. No one wants to see a Ghostbusters film without Murray. Were not even sure were be interested in Ghostbusters 3 with Murray on the team.
Yes, that's right-- Aykroyd suggested to Empire that they could bring in another actor to play Venkman. He also said there's still more work to do on the script, so it doesn't seem like they've made any actual progress in the last, oh, three years or so. But none of that has ever stopped Aykroyd from plugging the movie that doesn't seem to be at all close to existing
Dan Aykroyd has joined the ensemble in a role thats yet to be determined. Thats three comedians with Saturday Night Live roots contributing to Roachs production (Ferrell and Sudeikis being the other two), though whether thats a blessing or a curse is up to you to decide.
I mean, he's not wrong-- throughout the entire development process of Ghostbusters 3 there have been plenty of us out there questioning the very concept, and at one point the movie was going to be not a sequel but a reboot
Comedians taking on dramatic roles isnt anything new. Whether its Jim Carrey doing Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Adam Sandler doing Punch Drunk Love or Whoopi Goldberg doing The Color Purple, funny actors have a long track record of trying to expand their horizons. That said, theres a huge gap between playing a dramatic hero, and a dramatic villain.
Back at the start of this year I had the chance to sit down in a one-on-one interview with director Ivan Reitman when the subject of Ghostbusters III came up. While rumors were flying around involving potential casting and story, Reitman said with authority that, "Virtually everything youve read on the internet [about Ghostbusters III] is not accurate."
Weve always kind of known this, but its nice to finally have definitive proof that it is in fact Bill Murray that is the road block between us and Ghostbusters 3. Rumors have flown around like trashed newspapers
If you haven't figured it out already, Yogi Bear, starring Dan Aykroyd and Justin Timberlake, looks just plain awful. The first two trailers have made the film look like an embarrassment for all involved and
dan aykroyd Stories 1 to 25 of 36NEXT PAGE >


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Canvas Roman shades are a simple solution for treating a window in a clean, crisp fashion. But when you want a little more pizzazz, painted designs will liven things up with color and style. Plain canvas shades and a painted-on rose design enliven this little girl's bedroom.
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If Fiona Goode Quotes From "AHS: Coven" Were Inspirational Posters
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EUGENE, Ore.–Oregon opened their Pac-12 schedule in a Civil War showdown against Oregon State and came away with the 71-59 win. The Ducks took control early on, but the Beavers climbed back and were down just by two at the half. To start the second, Joseph Young hit 11 points in the first five minutes … Continue reading »
Ducks Crush Beavers in Civil War 47-19
Story updated to include post-game reaction from Ducks and Beavers. CORVALLIS, Ore — The No. 2 Oregon Ducks left no doubt about who was the best football team in the state, thrashing the Oregon State Beavers 47-19 in the 118th playing of the Civil War in front a packed house at Reser Stadium. Heisman Trophy … Continue reading »
Altman, Loyd Preview Pac-12 Tournament
Ducks Start Hot, Hold Off Beavers Late
Oregon head coach Dana Altman: Oregon State head coach Craig Robinson: Oregon guard Johnathan Loyd and forward Mike Moser: Oregon State guard Roberto Nelson: Oregon State forward Eric Moreland: Oregon State guard Hallice Cooke: EUGENE, Ore.– Oregon used a 17-0 run to build a 19-point lead in the first half, and held on late to … Continue reading »
Web Extra: Civil War Reactions
Beavers Take Round 1 of Civil War
Courtesy: Oregon State University Athletics CORVALLIS, Ore. – Roberto Nelson scored a game-high 22 points and Eric Moreland added a double-double with 15 points and 13 rebounds as Oregon State took down Oregon, 80-72, on Sunday night at Gill Coliseum in the 340th Civil War. Nelson was sensational in front of a season-high crowd of … Continue reading »
Web Extra: Ducks Talk Civil War Comeback
Oregon Head Coach Mark Helfrich: Oregon Quarterback Marcus Mariota: Oregon Wide Receiver Josh Huff: Oregon Running Back De'Anthony Thomas: Oregon Defensive Coordinator Nick Aliotti: Oregon Running Back Thomas Tyner: Oregon Safety Brian Jackson: Oregon Cornerback Ifo Ekpre-Olomu: Oregon Wide Receiver Daryle Hawkins:
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Ducks Win Wild Civil War
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Native black maple in VA??
I was looking at the Virginia Big Tree list the other day, and noticed that two of their co-champion Acer nigrum were in Fairfax County, VA. This is along the Potomac Heritage Trail in what appears to be an isolated NATURAL stand of black maples, fifty to one hundred miles outside what the maps say their native range is!
Per most maps the native range doesn't touch VA at all & only touches extreme Western MD & one small dot to the east of that in MD.
However, this stand exists. Has anyone seen these trees?
I'm thinking of making the 35 mile trip down there to see them, and possibly collect some seeds if I can. I'll probably try to time it around peak fall color too.
What is interesting to me, besides the fact they seem to be natural & well outside the "official" native range is that they are growing on bottomland soil as far as I can tell, possibly even in the Potomac floodplain! Not where you expect a "hard" maple to be!
I'd love to try to grow one of these local provenance black maples. Hopefully it will be a good mast year & I can get some viable seed off the ground (as their canopies are almost certainly very high since it is a wooded area).
Which brings me to my second question:
Who has grown sugar/black maples from seed? Anyone got tips on stratification, best growing conditions, etc?
Would RootMaker pots be worthwhile?
Here is a link that might be useful: Black Maple - VA Big Tree website
besides the fact they seem to be natural & well outside the "official" native range is that they are growing on bottomland soil as far as I can tell, possibly even in the Potomac floodplain! Not where you expect a "hard" maple to be!
exactly who is this 'official' who takes the time to draw up maps of of mother earths preferences????
when one relies on a government bureaucrat.. for anything... they soon find.. the bureaucrat.. has no real clue with reality ...
one might suggest that the 'official' range is perhaps.. COMPLETELY WRONG ... ????
where does one go from there???
now.. as for your excitement.. and new knowledge.. all the power to ya.. i hope you do burn the gas.. to go the 35 miles.. and get some pix while you are there.. to share with us .... i dont understand why you are hesitating about the decision at all ..... GO FOR IT ...
ps: i had the same thoughts in regard to your other post on those un-named.. OFFICIALS... changing zone maps .... if you take nothing else from these two post.... it should be.. to ALWAYS question the OFFICIAL ...
Black maples extremely common in the forests around Morgantown, WV and I have seen them in the eastern panhandle. In fact, one "sugar maple"- complete with bronze labeling plaque- is actually a black maple on the WVU campus. Always be skeptical; but I would believe it.
I want to see the trees, but even more so get some seed. The sugar maples in my neighborhood are LOADED with samaras this year, probably due to last year's drought.
I'd presume these black maples should have a decent production year too.
Hi HM,
Here's what the Flora of Virginia says about Black Maple distribution in that state Frequent in the Ridge & Valley province below 2,000 ft elevation. Often locally common in limestone or dolomite areas, rare elsewhere in the mountains & Piedmont
The Fairfax Co population must be one of those unusual relics that we sometimes find along major water courses.
Maryland's Champ Black Maple is in Allegany County, you might contact the people up there and find the location and collect seed. Do you know about the Maryland Native Plant Society? They are to meet in Frostburg Sept 21&22 for their annual meeting.
Sept 28 is the Parkfairfax Native Plant sale linked below. Even if they are not selling BM alot of knowledgeable and interesting folks there, mostly from Va who could steer you in the right direction.
Finally, pictured here is the 'Green Column' selection of Acer nigrum in the maple collection of the National Arboretum (not really columnar) perhaps it is making seed?
Here is a link that might be useful: Sept 28 Parkfairfax Native Plant Sale
I'm surprised it's common in limestone areas (limestone is only very scattered in both VA & MD) since that indicates alkaline soil, and most maples prefer acidic soil - granted, the hard/sugar maples are less pH sensitive than Acer rubrums are.
"...and most maples prefer acidic soil..."
Not these. I have some research plots in the Apps and have seen black maples in quite acidic soils (and sugar maples too). Back home in upstate NY, they grow on limestone. In the Adirondacks, sugar maple is quite content on sandy soils with high organic matter and low pH. By no means do they require it.
hair, the soils in ridge/valley areas w/limestone aren't really alkaline in general -- only right where the limestone outcrops are. Away from the outcrops are typical acid soils. So you can see VA junipers growing out of the outcrops (in fact, they're a sure sign of where the outcrops are), and right nearby are acid-loving oaks & pines.
And you are right, the southeastern "limit" of low-elevation "standard" sugar maple seems to be right where I'm at in Allegany Co. Perhaps black maple has a bit more heat tolerance than northern-based sugar maple...
And just to add, the sugar maples invading the forests around me are surprisingly tolerant of poor drainage/high water tables -- they've populated the floodplain just downstream of me (soggy most of the yr).
One on my lot that's alittle over 2' in diameter is directly against the bordering stream, tho the roots avidly avoid direct contact w/the water. In the below pic in 2004, it's the maple on the far right, behind. Both have grown considerably since then -- the one on the left is over 2.5' in dia:
I've grown some of these from seed, and currently have two of them growing in my front yard, and at least one more in a more remote part of the premises that began life as part of my experiment.
All that I did was collect a couple dozen seeds that had fallen to the ground in late fall, and sow them in rows about 6" away from one another into a bedding spot in that I that I made in the yard. Nuthin' fancy really except to protect the bed from critters with hardware cloth. Then the following spring after they sprouted, I thined them out. The following fall, I either moved the best specimens to their permanent home, or into pots to be further tended and moved later.
These are quite easy to start from seed and work with later on when it's time to move them to a more permanent location.
Good Luck!
Brad N.IL/Z5


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- One who brings meat to the table; hence, in some countries, the official title of the grand master or steward of the king's or a nobleman's household.


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Cookin with The Columns: A tasty time saver
When I was teaching school (many moons ago), I used my crock pot a lot because I could put something in before I left home in the morning and come back to delicious smells in the house and dinner almost ready. When I quit teaching and was home with our kids all the time, I was there to start dinner and get everything ready so I got out of the habit of using my crock pot. But recently I have begun to use it again and I stay on the lookout for good recipes. I found this one on Pinterest (big surprise!) and it was so delicious.
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God of the Gaps - Do All Christian Apologetics Fall Into This Kind of Argument?
"God of the gaps" refers to the perception that all arguments for the existence of God are the result of gaps in our scientific knowledge. According to this philosophy, the number of gaps should decrease as scientific knowledge expands. Since this knowledge doubles every ten years, we should see these gaps disappearing at an ever increasing rate. Is this is what is happening in all fields of science? This page will examine areas of science commonly cited as supporting the existence of God to see if they fall into an argument of gaps or if these "gaps" are actually increasing in number. Since an increase in the number of gaps would not be predicted by those who claim that these kinds of arguments represent a "God of the gaps" variety, we can determine whether these are merely gaps in knowledge or true evidence for design.
What evidence for God's existence has science eliminated?
There are three major areas that have been posited to provide evidence for the existence of God. Thomas Aquinas, argued in favor of the existence of God on the basis of fundamental aspects of the universe such as causality and change. William Paley argued that the hand of God is evident in the apparent design of the universe and living beings. The third line of evidence argues that God makes Himself evident in personal transcendent experiences of people. Of these three lines of evidence, science has eliminated none, although many would argue that the evidence for biological evolution has weakened the argument for the design of living organisms. Even so, there are numerous gaps in evolution - many of which have appeared recently.
Design in life
Intelligent design in biology
A common complaint against biological intelligent design arguments is that our understanding of the biology is insufficient to answer the question about a mode by which some "irreducibly complex" system might have arisen through an evolutionary process. The most famous example of this kind of argument is the one involving the bacterial flagellum. This biological rotary engine is a complex association of 50 gene products, the absence of any one of which results in an inability of the system to function at all. Although the system is irreducibly complex now, biologist have proposed mechanisms by which the system could have been synthesized from previously existing structures and enzymes. Although these explanations are not likely to account for the actual way such a system might have arisen, it is possible that better explanations could be revealed through a better understanding of the genomics of different species of flagellated bacteria. As such, the "design" of the bacterial flagellum and other "irreducibly complex" systems could represent a gap in our current understanding of the biology and genetics.
Whether of not the bacterial flagellum is designed could be tested by a further examination of this, and other examples of intelligent design. It would be expected that very few systems would have arisen through an extremely rare sequence of evolutionary events (see Michael Behe's book, The Edge of Evolution: The Search for the Limits of Darwinism). However, since there are many different biological systems, one would expect that there would be a few examples of these kinds of systems. If this represents a true God of the gaps explanation, it would be expected that few, if any, other such examples would be found in nature. If many examples are found, it would suggest that some kind of design might be involved. Time will tell.
Junk DNA and pseudogenes
Previously thought to be one of the best arguments against the design of biological organisms was the existence of large amounts of "junk DNA" (technically called non-coding DNA) in the genomes of most animals. In fact, it was originally thought that up to 95% of the human genome did not code for any kind of RNA or protein product. However, studies over the last 15 years have virtually destroyed this kind of argument.1 In a remarkable pilot study published by the ENCODE Project Consortium, hundreds of scientists analyzed the functionality of 1 percent (30 Mb) of the human genome. Much to scientists' surprise, the study found that the majority of DNA in the human genome is transcribed into functional RNA.1 Since most of the DNA used in the study was chosen randomly, it seems likely that this result will hold for the entire human genome. So, there is a lot less non-coding DNA in our genome then was originally assumed. According to a news release from the Consortium, "This broad pattern of transcription challenges the long-standing view that the human genome consists of a relatively small set of discrete genes, along with a vast amount of so-called junk DNA that is not biologically active."2 So, the "gap" that claimed that DNA evolved through extensive instances of gene duplication and evolution with numerous non-coding failures seems to be wrong. Score one against "science of the gaps."
Related to this argument is a similar one regarding pseudogenes.3 These sequences are hypothesized to represent functional genes that have undergone duplication followed by inactivation through random mutation over time. Many scientists believed that the presence of these "molecular fossils"4 was a sure sign that DNA sequences were not designed. The first functional role for a A sequence of DNA that is very similar to a normal gene but that has been altered so it is not expressed.pseudogene was found in a study that was randomly inserting a fruit fly The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.gene into the mouse Deoxyribonucleic acid: the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms.DNA and accidentally produce a lethal mutation.5 It was found that the insertion occurred in the middle of a A sequence of DNA that is very similar to a normal gene but that has been altered so it is not expressed.pseudogene The order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule, or the order of amino acids in a protein molecule.sequence called Makorin1-p1. Not only was the A sequence of DNA that is very similar to a normal gene but that has been altered so it is not expressed.pseudogene functional, but its destruction resulted in a lethal A permanent structural alteration in DNA, consisting of either a substitution, insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases.mutation in the mice. Scientists had found the first required A sequence of DNA that is very similar to a normal gene but that has been altered so it is not expressed.pseudogene. Since this first study, many other studies have found that pseudogenes exhibit functional activity, including gene expression, gene regulation, and generation of genetic diversity.6 Recent work shows that up to 50% of pseudogenes in some genomes appear to be transcriptionally active.7 The ENCODE project pilot study estimated that at least 19% of all pseudogenes are transcribed (admittedly an underestimate).8
Overlapping Genes
When scientists were first sequencing the human genome, they were expecting at least 30% more genes than what were found. It now appears that the genome is encoded in a very concise manner and has been optimized for the minimal length required to do the job. The evidence for the design of DNA is getting stronger - not weaker - as the mysteries of human genome are being revealed. This evidence certainly doesn't seem to fall into a God of the gaps variety.
A surprising discovery in genomics is that transcripts of DNA come from regions that extensively overlap one another. The overlapping sequences that code for these transcripts are often transcribed over different reading frames (the three base codons are offset from each other). This means that any insertion, deletion, or base substitution would impact two transcripts at the same time. In fact, there is at least one example where three transcripts overlap each other. Even more surprising is that there are coding regions that overlap on the opposite "anti-sense" strand of DNA. What this means is that any mutation of overlapping transcripts will simultaneously alter the amino acid sequence in two separate proteins. It is inconceivable to postulate how natural selection could operate on such a system, since it would be extremely unlikely that a mutation would be simultaneously beneficial for both transcripts. Geneticists are puzzled how regions of DNA containing overlapping transcripts could have evolved:
"Similarly, evolutionary origin of such genes is not known, existing hypotheses can explain only selected cases of mammalian gene overlaps which could originate as result of rearrangements, overprinting and/or adoption of signals in the neighboring gene locus."9
Although this particular argument could turn into a God of the gaps type, it is certainly intriguing, and worth watching, especially since molecular biologists admit that there is no viable evolutionary mechanism to explain the vast majority of instances of overlapping genes. The appearance of new "gaps" is not what one would predict from a purely naturalistic perspective as scientists rapidly gain new knowledge of how genetic systems function.
Origin of life
The origin of the first biological organism has been an intense area of study for the past 50 years. Beginning in 1953, when Stanley Miller first demonstrated that mixtures of reducing gases subjected to electrical discharges produced many organic compounds, including several A group of 20 different kinds of small molecules that link together in long chains to form proteins. Often referred to as the "building blocks" of proteins.amino acids, scientists were confident that the mystery of life's origin would be discovered.10 However, recent studies have revealed what chemistry can and cannot do. In addition, continuing studies in earth and planetary sciences reveal that the atmosphere of the early earth was not reducing, as had been assumed in many prebiotic chemistry experiments (including Miller's). In fact, the presence of oxidized zircons dated at 4.3 billion years ago11 (only 0.25 billion years after earth's creation) tell us that atmospheric conditions were not reducing when life appeared ~3.8 billion years ago.12 Such facts have relegated origin of life hypotheses to hydrothermal oceanic vents, where volcanic outgassing produces reducing conditions. However, since there is no source of electrical discharge undersea, the process is prohibitively inefficient (if it functions at all). The other problem is that many of the critical building blocks of life cannot be synthesized under these conditions. Even if they could appear miraculously, assembly often requires high concentrations, which would not have been available. Although it is possible that such materials could be concentrated by drying on shoreline coastal areas, the simultaneous drying of the salts present in the sea water inhibit virtually all assembly reactions. Additionally, recent studies have show that the polymerization of the molecules necessary for cell membrane assembly cannot occur in sea water,13 which was at least twice as salty as it is now.14 The once highly touted RNA World hypothesis has been seriously challenged, since pyrimidine nucleosides ( A pyrimidine base found in DNA and RNA, which pairs with guanine in both DNA and RNA.cytosine and A pyrimidine base found in RNA, which pairs with the complementary base adenine.uracil) do not form under prebiotic conditions nor are found in carbonaceous meteorites.15 Synthesis of ribose and deoxyribose (the sugars that form the backbone of RNA and DNA) is extremely inefficient (and unstable) and produces racemic (both left and right handed versions) mixtures of nucleosides (the homochirality problem), which cannot self-assemble. In addition, the maximum spontaneous RNA assembly length of 50 mer (bases) is insufficient to code for anything meaningful (the average transcript consists of hundred to thousands of base pairs). Even assuming this problem could be solved, searches of quadrillions of randomly generated Ribonucleic acid: a chemical that directs the manufacture of proteins and sometimes codes for the genetic material within certain organisms.RNA The order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule, or the order of amino acids in a protein molecule.sequences have failed to yield a spontaneous Ribonucleic acid: a chemical that directs the manufacture of proteins and sometimes codes for the genetic material within certain organisms.RNA replicator.16
Although many of the arguments against the naturalistic origin of life may seem like God of the gaps variety, the fact that they haven't gone away after 50+ years of intensive research, but have actually increased in number, suggest that the problems are real and probably insurmountable. Multiple unattainable steps in such processes defy the laws of physics and chemistry, and cannot be explained away by promissory materialism. Originally thought to be gaps in our understanding of chemistry, origin of life research continues to produce "science of the gaps" explanations for naturalistic origin of life scenarios. Only one whose philosophy is predisposed to naturalism-only explanations would seriously entertain such unlikely scenarios as realistic models for how life arose on earth.
Design in the universe
Arguments for the presence of design in the universe consist of the unique fine tuning of the laws of physics and the uniqueness of the earth and solar system.
Law of physics
The makeup of the universe and the laws that govern how the it works are fine-tuned to an amazing degree. For example, scientists would expect in the primordial universe that the ratio of quarks to antiquarks would be exactly equal to one, since neither would be expected to have been produced in preference to the other. However, quarks outnumbered antiquarks by a ratio of 1,000,000,001 to 1,000,000,000. The remaining small excess of quarks eventually made up all the matter that exists in the universe. Without this small excess of quarks, the universe would have consisted entirely of energy, with no matter. The ratio of electrons compared to protons must be exactly equal to one to better than one part in 1037 or else electromagnetic interactions would dominate gravity, resulting in the universe consisting of scattered particles.17 The mass of the universe cannot be more than it is by one part in 1059. Based upon the mass of the universe (about 1080 baryons), adding just one extra grain of sand would have resulted in the collapse of the universe early in its history. However, none of these parameters comes close to the design required for the most recently discovered law of physics - the cosmological constant (or dark energy). This constant is fine-tuned to one part in 10120. One atheist cosmologist, confronted with these facts said, "This type of universe, however, seems to require a degree of fine tuning of the initial conditions that is in apparent conflict with 'common wisdom'."18 In conclusion, cosmology is producing more and more evidence that our universe is based upon numerous parameters that must be extremely fine tuned in order for life to exist (which is exactly opposite of what would expected if the explanation were god of the gaps). Naturalism would posit that increased knowledge in cosmology would provide evidence that our universe was just an average one, instead of an extremely unlikely one.
Design of the earth/solar system
Special Galaxy - The earth is housed in a unique spiral galaxy. Although spirals are reasonably common in the universe (~15% of all galaxies), most have been disrupted to various degrees through collisions with other galaxies. In contrast, the milky way galaxy exists within a small galaxy cluster known as the local group, being one of only two large galaxies, and has numerous, symmetric spiral arms. Scientists have yet to find a comparable galaxy among millions of others examined (see Pictures of Galaxies). The solar system exists in a space between two spiral arms, at or near the co-rotation radius, which means that it will remain between spiral arms for some time to come. In contrast, most stars in other parts of the galaxy enter and leave spiral arms periodically. Stars that travel through spiral arms risk disrupting planetary orbits through gravitational interactions with other stars. In addition, our fortuitous location between spiral arms at the co-rotation radius allows us an almost unhindered view of the universe, with the possibility that this was intentional.19
Special Solar System - Now that over 300 extrasolar planetary systems have been discovered to date, we know that our solar system is quite rare. So far, it is the only planetary system in which the large gas giants are located far (greater than 5 AU) from the parent star. In all other systems, such gas giants are found at locations within the region that would correspond to where our inner, rocky planets are located. In all other planetary systems discovered to-date, large gas giants form at a distance from their star, but migrate inward. Computer simulations indicate that this is the usual scenario, with our solar system being a rare exception.20 According to Frederic Rasio, the author of the study:
"We now know that these other planetary systems don't look like the solar system at all. We now better understand the process of planet formation and can explain the properties of the strange exoplanets we've observed. We also know that the solar system is special and understand at some level what makes it special."21
The reason why it is important to have gas giants far from the Sun is because Jupiter and Saturn protect the inner solar system from constant bombardment by comets. Without this protection, advanced life would not be possible on the earth. In addition, a large gas giant roaming close to a star's habitable zone would eject any rocky planets from the planetary system.
Special Star - Our star, the Sun, is a slightly above average-sized star. Large stars burn too quickly for life to develop on possible terrestrial-like planets (with stellar life spans as short as a few million years). Small stars burn for a long time (tens of billions of years). However, the reduced energy output requires that rocky planets be very close to the star in order to be within the habitable zone. This closeness results in all such planets becoming tidally locked (rotational period equals revolutionary period) within a short period of time. Tidal locking means that one side continually faces the star, resulting in extremely hot temperatures, whereas the other side stays very cold, eventually accumulating all the water as ice, and possibly even freezing out the atmosphere.
The Sun is unique in that it is one of only a small percentage that are metal-rich. Originally, the universe consisted almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. The first stars had no rocky planet companions, since there were no building materials. The Sun has rocky planets because it is probably a third generation star that had the fortune of igniting within an area of previous supernova events. Rocky planets cannot form at all unless the amount of metallicity is at least 60% of that of the Sun. The Sun is an unusually metal-rich star (richest out of 174 well-studied stars).22 Although planets are fairly common around stars, no earth-sized rocky planets have been discovered to date (2008). The smallest planet discovered is 5.5 times as massive as the earth, but is quite frozen.23 Part of the problem discovering rocky planets is that they had been impossible to detect with the techniques that have been used to discover large planets. However, new instrumentation and techniques developed since 2005 should allow the discovery of earth-like rocky planets within the next few years, if they exist. So, the lack of rocky planets is a God of the gaps explanation for now, but will be answered within the next few years.
Special Planet - The earth is a remarkable place among the other planets and moons of our solar system. It is the only rocky planet in our solar system that contains significant amounts of liquid water on its surface. Although the planet Mars sustained surface water billions of years ago, it was mixed with large amounts of sulfuric acid - producing toxic seas that would have made it unlikely that living organisms could have survived there.24
However, the presence of liquid water is not the only unusual feature of planet earth. Although water is quite common in the universe, it would be either absent (as it is on the other rocky planets in our stellar system) or so abundant on rocky planets that virtually all other rocky planets would be either deserts or waterworlds.25 All other rocky planets (including our "sister planet," Venus) in our solar system have no significant tectonic activity. Without tectonic activity, water-abundant planets like earth would be water worlds. The reason that earth has tectonic activity and continents is because it suffered a major collision with a Mars-sized planet soon after its formation. The metallic core of the collider was incorporated into the earth's core, with the outer part becoming earth's moon. Without this additional metallic component, earth's core, kept molten through radioactive decay, would have solidified, shutting down tectonic activity and the earth's magnetic dynamo (which protects earth's creatures from solar radiation). Large planets do not form continents because the increased gravity prevents significant mountain and continent formation. Earth-sized planets completely flood, and any land formed is eroded by the seas in a short period of time. Smaller planets lack tectonic activity, so would have no land masses, but would be completely covered with water. Therefore, virtually all rocky planets (other than those that suffered a large collision soon after formation) would be expected to be water worlds. Earth-like planets (with both water and dry land) would be extremely rare. Exactly how rare they would be in the universe is uncertain, making the argument somewhat of a God of the gaps type for now. However, the next decade should give us a much better estimation. For more information on these design features, see The Incredible Design of the Earth and Our Solar System.
Whereas a God of the gaps explanation of the design of our galaxy, solar system, and planet would posit that science would be discovering that we really aren't that unique, the data continues to show that we are more unique than first thought. In fact, some of this uniqueness was discovered just this year.20 If the data truly were God of the gaps, we would expect the evidence for design to decrease, rather than increase with additional scientific knowledge.
More Gaps
Removing the "gaps" in science
One particular "gap" in scientific understanding concerned the darkness of the night sky. Since an infinite universe would result in a sky that was always light (because the volume of space increases 8-fold with a doubling of the radius, although the amount of light decreases 4-fold with the same doubling). Despite having this knowledge since Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers first proposed it in 1823, scientists proposed the steady-state universe - infinite in age and size. Of course, it turns out that the "gap" in our understanding of why the sky was dark at night was no gap at all, but a real observation that required that the universe be non-infinite and non-eternal. So, it is not just theists who posit the existence of gaps - it is commonly done in science, as well.
Gaps in atheists' arguments
Scientists and theists are not the only ones who use "gaps" arguments. In fact, many atheists use gaps arguments to argue against the existence of God. Most of the answers on the hall of questions page merely remove the gaps in atheists' understanding - either philosophical, biblical, or scientific in nature. For example, atheists complain that a loving God would never allow evil in His creation. However, this argument is based on a gap in atheists' understanding of the main purpose of the universe - to choose between good and evil. Obviously, it would be impossible to choose good over evil if evil did not exist.
In another example, atheists cannot imagine how God can exist as a non-created being. However, the gap is filled by throwing out the assumption that time has always existed. We are so used to cause and effect that we can't imagine an existence without it. However, all the evidence from cosmology points to the fact that the universe - the dimensions of space, matter, energy, and time - all came into existence 13.8 billion years ago. The Bible indicates that God created the entire universe and the time in which it operates.26 If it is true that God created time specifically to accomplish His purposes for the universe, it isn't unreasonable to propose that God (who exists outside the universe) is uncreated. Cause and effect does not operate in the absence of time. Atheists' arguments suggesting that if God exists, He must have been created by an even greater cause fail because they ignore evidence (the gap) suggesting that time began only at the creation of the universe.
Many skeptics believe that all arguments for the existence of God fall into the God of the gaps variety. According to this premise, one would expect these arguments to become fewer in number as scientists make more discoveries and learn more about our world. In reality, evidence continues to accumulate suggesting that the universe was designed by an intelligent agent. The evidence suggesting that the universe and its physical laws were designed continues to accumulate at a rapid rate. Although we are not certain about the degree to which the earth and solar system are specially designed, evidence to-date suggests that earth-like planets are rare in the universe.
Ten years ago, it was thought that neo-Darwinian evolution had eliminated all suggestion that living organisms were designed by an intelligent agent. However, recent studies in molecular biology and genetics have eliminated much of the supposed evidence that life exhibits numerous examples of poor design, including the presence of "junk DNA" (which does not exist) and pseudogenes. New genetic evidence suggests that mammalian DNA is optimally coded to reduce DNA size through overlapping transcripts. This encoding presents special problems to current Darwinian evolutionary models, since these mechanisms would be unable to produce these kinds of sequences through mutation and natural selection.
Origin of life studies continue to run into problems with uncooperative chemistry, and planetary science discoveries about the nature of early earth environments. Replicator-first models fail to establish mechanisms to produce even the basic chemical building blocks for an "RNA World", including a failure to produce homochiral sugars and amino acids. Beyond these problems, the assembly of rudimentary biological membranes under early earth environments is virtually impossible.
If evidence for the existence of God were truly a God of the gaps type, we would expect these gaps to be disappearing, instead of increasing in number. The evidence is so strong that long-time promoter of atheism, Antony Flew announced in 2004 that he had become a deist because he "had to go where the evidence leads."4 His new book, There Is a God: How the World's Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind explains how he came to the conclusion that God does exist.
Related Pages
- "Junk" DNA: Why non-coding DNA Isn't Really Junk
- Pseudogenes: Argument for Evolution and Against Design?
- Bad Designs in Biology? - Why the "Best" Examples Are Bad
- Abiogenesis: Is the Chemical Origin of Life a Realistic Scenario?
- Origin of Life: Earth's Early Atmosphere Wasn't Reducing
- Problems with the Origin of Biological Membranes in an Early Earth Environment
- Origin of Homochirality: A Major Problem for Origin of Life Theories
- Is God Real? Does Science Answer "Is There a God?"
- Evidence for the Fine Tuning of the Universe
- Extreme Fine Tuning - Dark Energy or the Cosmological Constant
- The Incredible Design of the Earth and Our Solar System
- Moons Like Earth's Moon are Rare in the Universe
- The Fine Tuning and Design of the Moon's Formation
- There is Too Much Evil and Suffering For God to Exist?
- If God Created Everything, Who Created God?
- The Universe is Not Eternal, But Had A Beginning
- Why is There Something Instead of Nothing?
- See numerous examples in "Junk" DNA: Why non-coding DNA Isn't Really Junk.
- Spencer, Geoff and Anna-Lynn Wegener. 2007. New Findings Challenge Established Views on Human Genome. NIH News.
- See Pseudogenes: Argument for Evolution and Against Design?
- Lee, J. T. 2003. Molecular biology: Complicity of gene and A sequence of DNA that is very similar to a normal gene but that has been altered so it is not expressed.pseudogene [News and Views] Nature 423: 26-28.
- Hirotsune, S., Yoshida, N., Chen, A., Garrett, L., Sugiyama, F., Takahashi, S., Yagami, K., Wynshaw-Boris, A., and Yoshiki, A. 2003. An expressed A sequence of DNA that is very similar to a normal gene but that has been altered so it is not expressed.pseudogene regulates the messenger- Ribonucleic acid: a chemical that directs the manufacture of proteins and sometimes codes for the genetic material within certain organisms.RNA stability of its homologous coding The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.gene. Nature 423: 91-96.
- Balakirev, E. S. and F. J. Ayala. 2003. PSEUDOGENES: Are They "Junk" or Functional DNA? Ann. Rev. Genetics 37: 123-151.
- Zheng, D. and M. B. Gerstein. 2007. The Ambiguous Boundary between Genes and Pseudogenes: The Dead Rise Up, or Do They? Trends in Genetics 23: 219-24.
- The ENCODE Project Consortium. 2007. Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. Nature 447: 799-816.
- Makalowska, I., C.F. Lin, and W. Makalowski. 2005. Overlapping genes in vertebrate genomes. Comput. Biol. Chem. 29: 1-12.
- In a 1996 intrerview with Reuters, Miller said, "Making the amino acids made it seem like the rest of the steps would be very easy. It's turned out that it's more difficult than I thought it would be. It's a series of little tricks. Once you learn the trick, it's very easy. The problem is learning the trick."
- Watson, E. B. and T. M. Harrison. 2005. Zircon Thermometer Reveals Minimum Melting Conditions on Earliest Earth. Science 308: 841-844.
- Although it is possible that life could have arisen before 4.3 billion years ago, it would have been destroyed by 3.9 billion years ago, during the late heavy bombardment. "A few of these impactors were probably 500 kilometers in diameter--big enough to create a superheated atmosphere of vaporized rock that would in turn have vaporized the oceans for 2700 years and sterilized even the subsurface, say Sleep and Zahnle." Cited from Benner, S.A. 1999. Old views of ancient events. Science 283: 2026.
- Szathm�ry, E. 2000. The evolution of replicators. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 355: 1669-1676.
- Knauth, L.P. 2000. Life on Land in the Precambrian and
the Marine vs. Non-Marine Setting of Early Evolution. First Astrobiology
Science Conference, April 3-5, 2000, NASA Ames Research Center, 403 (Abstract
Knauth, L.P. 2002. Early Oceans: Cradles of Life or Death Traps? Astrobiology Science Conference 2002, April 7-11, NASA Ames Research Center. p. 9.
- See Is the Chemical Origin of Life (Abiogenesis) a Realistic Scenario?
- Benner, S.A. 1999. Old views of ancient events. Science 283: 2026.
- See Evidence for the Fine Tuning of the Universe.
- Zehavi, I, and A. Dekel. 1999. Evidence for a positive cosmological constant from flows of galaxies and distant supernovae Nature 401: 252-254 401: 252-254.
- The Bible indicates that God wanted us to see His glory
through the appearance of the universe:
"The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands. Day after day they pour forth speech; night after night they display knowledge. There is no speech or language where their voice is not heard. Their voice goes out into all the earth, their words to the ends of the world." (Psalm 19:1-4)
- Thommes, E. W., S. Matsumura, F. A. Rasio. 2008. Gas Disks to Gas Giants: Simulating the Birth of Planetary Systems. Science 321: 814-817.
- Universally Speaking, Earthlings Share a Nice Neighborhood. National Science Foundation Press Release 08-137. August 7, 2008.
- J.-P. Beaulieu, et al. 2006. Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing. Nature 439: 437-440.
- Lecture 24: Is There Other Intelligent Life in the Universe?
- Bibring, J. Y. Langevin, J. F. Mustard, et al. 2006. Global Mineralogical and Aqueous Mars History Derived from OMEGA/Mars Express Data. Science 312:400-404.
- See The Incredible Design of the Earth and Our Solar System.
- The Bible indicates that God was acting before the
creation of the time:
- No, we speak of God's secret wisdom, a wisdom that has been hidden and that God destined for our glory before time began. (1 Corinthians 2:7)
- This grace was given us in Christ Jesus before the beginning of time (2 Timothy 1:9)
- The hope of eternal life, which God... promised before the beginning of time (Titus 1:2)
- To the only God our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, dominion and authority, before all time and now and forever. Amen. (Jude 1:25)
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Integrating Science and Faith
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Last Modified September 11, 2008