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We reduce core crush and ply wrinkling in composite honeycomb sandwich structure by preventing slipping of tiedown plies relative to the mandrel and to one another during autoclave curing. We produce superior panels with lighter weights, improved mechanical properties, and more predictable structural performance. The method involves applying a film adhesive to the tiedown plies in the margin of the part outside the net trim line. During heating of the autoclave and prior to the application of high pressure to the composite structure, the film adhesive cures to form a strong bond between the plys and to the mandrel. When pressure is applied, the tiedown plys are locked together and to the mandrel to prevent slippage between any layers in the panel.
1. A method for adhering tiedown plies together in the manufacture of composite structure, comprising the steps of:
(a) assembling on the layup mandrel a composite preform in the shape of the composite structure, the preform having at least one resin-impregnated laminate and at least two tiedown plies; and
(b) adhering the tiedown plies to one another with a film adhesive applied to the plies outside a net trim line of the composite structure
wherein the film adhesive cures at a temperature lower than the resin in the laminate.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the laminate includes bismaleimide matrix resin.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the preform includes a barrier film made from a bondable grade, polyimide adjacent the laminate.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the preform includes a honeycomb core and an adhesive between the barrier film and core.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the preform includes a film adhesive layer between the barrier film and the laminate.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the preform includes a supporting scrim between the barrier film adhesive and the core to prevent sagging of the barrier film into the core cells.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the preform includes a tiedown ply in contact with the core between the adhesive and core.
8. A method for reducing core crush in a chamfered composite honeycomb sandwich panel having a resin-impregnated laminate adhered to a honeycomb core, the core having a chamfer, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting a tiedown ply with the honeycomb core of the panel in the region of the chamfer to prevent slippage between the core and the laminate;
(b) assembling tiedown plies over outer surfaces of the laminate; and
(c) adhering the tiedown plies together and to the layup mandrel with a lower temperature curing adhesive applied to the tiedown plies outside a net trim line of the panel,
wherein the adhesive melts and cures prior to the application of autoclave pressure and prior to the melt and flow of the resin in the laminate.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the laminate includes a barrier film to prevent resin flow from facesheets of the laminate to the core cells, and wherein one tiedown ply is between the barrier film and core.
The present invention was made during performance of Contract No. F33657-91-C-0006 awarded by the Air Force. The Government has certain rights in the invention.
The present invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of composite structure, especially composite honeycomb sandwich structure, where tiedown plys are used to secure the part during autoclave curing at elevated temperature and pressure. To lock the tiedown plies together so that there is no movement of one ply relative to another, we use a lower temperature curing adhesive to cure and to connect the several plys together during the early stages of autoclave curing prior to applying pressure. We apply the adhesive outside the net trim line for the part, so that it is removed during finishing of the part.
Aerospace honeycomb core sandwich panels (having composite laminate skins cocured with adhesives to the core through autoclave processing) find widespread use today because of the high stiffness-to-weight (i.e., "specific stiffness) and strength-to-weight (i.e., specific strength) ratios the panels afford. Typical honeycomb core sandwich panels are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,284,702; 4,622,091; and 4,353,947, which we incorporate by reference. Alteneder et al., Processing and Characterization Studies of Honeycomb Composite Structures, 38th Int'l SAMPE Symposium, May 10-13, 1993 (PCL Internal No. 200-01/93-AWA) discusses common problems with these panels, including core collapse (i.e., core crash), skin laminate porosity, and poor tool surface finish. We incorporate this article by reference.
As Hartz et al. described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/587,160 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,604,010 entitled "Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Structure," with a high flow resin system, large amounts of resin can flow into the core during the autoclave processing cycle. Such flow robs resin from the laminate, introduces a weight penalty in the panel to achieve the desired performance, and forces over design of the laminate plies to account for the flow losses. The resin loss from the laminate plies also reduces the thickness of the cured plies which compromises the mechanical performance. To achieve the desired performance and the corresponding laminate thickness, additional plies are necessary with resulting cost and weight penalties. Because the weight penalty is severe in terms of the impact on vehicle performance and cost in modem aircraft and because the flow is a relatively unpredictable and uncontrolled process, aerospace design and manufacture dictates that flow into the core be eliminated or significantly reduced. In addition to the weight penalty from resin flow to the core, we discovered that microcracking that originated in the migrated resin could propagate to the bond line and degrade mechanical performance. Such microcracking potential poses a catastrophic threat to the integrity of the panel and dictates that flow be eliminated or, at least, controlled.
Flow from the laminates to the core occurs because of viscosity reduction of the resin (i.e., thinning) at the elevated processing temperatures. Therefore, prior art attempts to solve the flow problem have generally focused on retaining the ambient temperature viscosity of the resin at the curing temperatures. For example, one might alter the processing cycle to initiate curing of the resin during a slow heat-up, low pressure step to induce resin chain growth before high temperature, high pressure completion. In this staged cure cycle, one would try to retain the resin's viscosity by building molecular weight at low temperatures. Higher molecular weight resins have inherently higher viscosity so they remain thicker and are resistant to damaging flow to the core. Unfortunately, with a staged cure cycle, too much flow still occurs, and the potential problems of microcracking still abound. Also, facesheet porosity might increase beyond acceptable limits. Furthermore, a modified cure cycle increases autoclave processing time. Increased processing time translates to a significant fabrication cost increase with risk of rejection of high value parts at the mercy of uncontrolled and inadequately understood factors. We incorporate the Hartz et al. Ser. No. 08/587,160 application now U.S. Pat. No. 5,604,010 by reference.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,861 describes composite sandwich structure for sound absorption (acoustic insulation) and other applications. The sandwich structures have seven layers as follows:
(1) an outer skin;
(2) a small celled honeycomb or foam core;
(3) a frontside inner septum;
(4) a large celled middle honeycomb core;
(5) a backside, inner septum;
(6) a backside, small celled honeycomb or foam core; and
(7) an inner skin.
Tuned cavity absorbers in the middle honeycomb core absorb sound. Performance of this structure suffers from resin flow to the cells of the honeycomb cores during fabrication for the reasons already discussed and because such flow alters the resonance of the structure. We incorporate this patent by reference.
The Hartz et al. process of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/587,160 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,604,010 eliminates resin (matrix) flow into the honeycomb core for sandwich structure using high flow resin systems and results in reproducibility and predictability in sandwich panel fabrication and confidence in the structural performance of the resulting panel. Hartz et al. use a scrim-supported barrier film between the fiber-reinforced resin composite laminates and the honeycomb core. This sandwich structure is lighter for the same performance characteristics than prior art panels because the resin remains in the laminate (skin) where it provides structural strength rather than flowing to the core where it is worthless, introducing excess weight and potential panel failure. Hartz et al. also generally use an unsupported film adhesive between the barrier film and the laminates to bond the laminates to the barrier film. With these layers (which might be combined into one product), they achieved improved performance, retained the resin in the laminates and thereby reduced excess resin that designers otherwise needed to design into the panels to account for resin flow into the core, and reliably fabricated panels in which they had structural confidence.
Core crush frequently occurred in the chamfer region of honeycomb core when Hartz et al. cured a panel having a scrim-supported barrier film, particularly when they tried to use lighter weight core materials. Corbett and Smith subsequently discovered that they could reduce core crush in these panels by including a tiedown ply in contact with the core beneath the barrier film (and adhesive) because the tiedown ply reduced slippage of the barrier film relative to the core during curing. They described their invention in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/616,903.
Controlling core slippage through the Corbett and Smith method allows us to use the lighter density honeycomb core to produce structures without costly scrap due to core crush. We reduce manufacturing costs both by saving time, materials, and rework/scrap and by improving the reliability of the manufacturing process to produce aerospace-quality panels having the highest specific strength and specific stiffness.
The added tiedown ply that Corbett and Smith use means that three or more tiedown plys will be included in the final preform of the panel. In conventional practice, there will also be tiedown plys on the outer surfaces of the panel and possibly between the laminate and the adhesive barrier film. Each tiedown ply extends outwardly from the part beyond the net trim line of the finished product. Conventionally, the tiedown plies are secured individually and sequentially to the layup mandrel with tape. Especially when using low density core it is important to fix the relation of the plies to one another and to the mandrel. Failure of the tape results in facesheet ply wrinkles or core crush. After incorporation of the Corbett and Smith method, we found that core crush could still occasionally occur when the tiedown ply in contact with the core pulled away from the tape securing it to the mandrel, slipping relative to the other tiedown plies. The adhering strength of the tape alone was insufficient to overcome the forces acting on the core in a Hartz-type panel when we applied autoclave pressure. We discovered how to adhere the tiedown plies to each other reliably, easily, and inexpensively. Adhering the plies to each other distributes the forces acting on any individual ply among all the tiedown plies, reducing the maximum force seen by the tape adhering the tiedown plies to the mandrel. While described with respect to a Hartz-type composite honeycomb sandwich structure, the adhering method is generally applicable to all applications involving tiedown plies in composite construction.
The present invention relates to adhering tiedown plys to one another during the construction of composite structure, especially during the autoclave processing at elevated temperature and pressure of Hartz-type composite honeycomb sandwich structure. The conventional practice of taping the tiedown plys to the mandrel alone is unsatisfactory, because the taping must be sufficient to prevent slippage of any ply or of one ply relative to another. We discovered that we could adhere the plies effectively to one another to reduce maximum forces on the tape by applying a low temperature curing film adhesive between the tiedown plys just outside the net trim line for the part. In the autoclave, this film adhesive melts and cures at a lower temperature than the resin in the laminates so that it bonds the tiedown plies together prior to increasing the autoclave pressure at the higher temperature where the laminate resin flows and cures. The film adhesive eliminates movement of the tiedown plys relative to one another. In our preferred embodiment for a bismaleimide (BMI) sandwich panel of the Hartz-type, we prefer to use an adhesive that cures at about 250� F. (121� C.) for a BMI that cures around 375� F. (191� C.), and post-cures around 440� F.
FIG. 1 illustrates a typical composite honeycomb sandwich structure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic, partial sectional view of the skin-core interface in Hartz-type sandwich structure having a scrim-supported barrier film to prevent resin flow from the skin to the core.
FIG. 3 is a schematic, partial sectional view of prior art honeycomb sandwich structure, suffering resin flow to the core, using a supported film adhesive without a barrier film.
FIG. 4 is another schematic, partial sectional view showing sandwich structure with resin depletion in the skin, but where the resin is prevented from reaching the core with a bulging, unsupported barrier film.
FIG. 5 is a schematic, sectional elevation showing core crush of a honeycomb sandwich panel caused by core and barrier film slippage.
FIG. 6 is another schematic, sectional elevation showing the use of a tiedown ply to reduce core crush.
FIG. 7 is a graph of a typical autoclave curing cycle for making Hartz-type composite honeycomb sandwich panels, showing that our tiedown adhesive cures prior to the application of high pressure in the cycle.
As a frame of reference for this description, we will initially describe typical composite honeycomb sandwich structure. Then, we will turn to our invention of a method of reliably adhering the tiedown plies together.
A Hartz-type composite honeycomb sandwich panel of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/587,160 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,604,070 minimizes, eliminates, or significantly reduces resin flow from the laminates to the core, thereby permitting a simpler processing cycle that is more robust for the manufacture of aerospace structure. Such a sandwich panel 100 (FIG. 1) generally has outer facesheets or skins 102 adhered to a central honeycomb core 106. The finished skins 102 comprise laminates of layers of fiber-reinforced organic matrix resin in a cured and consolidated composite form. The core 106 can be paper, synthetic paper, metal, composite, or the like, as appropriate for the application. In panels of the present invention, we obtain higher specific strengths and higher specific stiffnesses because we reduce core crush during autoclave curing by incorporating at least one tiedown ply between the core 106 and skin 102 to reduce damaging slippage between the core and skin that otherwise often occurs.
To prevent flow of resin from the composite laminate skin to the core, Hartz et al. use an unsupported film adhesive 108 (FIG. 2), a barrier film 110, and a scrim-supported film adhesive 112 between the skin 102 and the core 106 to keep resin out of the cells 114 of the core 106.
FIG. 3 illustrates the core-filling problems that can result when a film adhesive 112 is used alone without the barrier film 110 and film adhesive 108. Cells 114 of the honeycomb fill with resin 118 which migrates from the laminates and which thereby depletes the resin in the skin 102. Resin depletion impacts structural performance because it reduces ply thickness. Resin depletion increases total weight since the cell resin 118 is simply waste. In all cases, uncontrolled resin flow and depletion makes the panel suspect, especially to microcracking that can begin in the cell resin 118 during thermal cycling and migrate to the fiber-reinforced skin 102, especially at the bond line between the skin 102 and core 106.
FIG. 4 illustrates undesirable bulging that can occur if a barrier film 110 is used without a scrim-supported film adhesive 112 to try to eliminate cell resin 118. Here, a waste resin bulge 120 protrudes downwardly into the cells 114 of the honeycomb core 106. While the resin is contained in the bulge 120, the skin 102 is still depleted in resin. The flow of resin to bulge 120 imposes structural performance and weight penalties comparable to the uncontrolled condition illustrated in FIG. 3.
As shown in FIG. 2 with the film adhesive 108, barrier film 110, and scrimsupported film adhesive 12, resin flow is checked without cell resin 118 or resin bulges 120. We discovered, however, that the barrier film produced a slip plane between the laminate skins and the core which often resulted in core crush during the autoclave processing cycle. In 22 of 31 test panels, in fact, Hartz et al. experienced core crush in their initial trials. This rate of failure is unacceptable from a cost and schedule perspective. Our tiedown plys in the chamfer region reduce the frequency of or eliminate damaging core slippage and the core crush attributable to such slippage.
For bismaleimide laminated skins made with RIGIDITE� 5250-4-W-IM7-GP-CSW, RIGIDITE� 5250-4-W-IM7-GP-CSX, and RIGIDITE� 5250-4-W-IM7-GP-PW prepreg from Cytec Engineered Materials, Inc. (Cytec), the film adhesive 108 preferably is 0.015 psf METLBOND� 2550U adhesive, also available from Cytec. The film adhesive provides additional resin to promote a quality bond between the laminate and barrier film 110. The barrier film 110 preferably is a 0.001 inch thick, bondable grade, surface treated KAPTON� polyimide barrier film capable of withstanding the cure cycle to provide a resin impermeable membrane between the skin 102 and core 106. The scrim preferably is fiberglass, "Style 104" fiber cloth and the film adhesive 112 is 0.06 psf METLBOND� 2550G adhesive, available from Cytec. The scrim-supported film adhesive prevents the barrier film from bulging into the core cells, thereby retaining the resin in the laminate (i.e., skin layers) so that the cured ply thickness is maximized and thereby, we achieve maximum performance at minimum weight for the panels.
The film adhesive 108, barrier film 110, and film adhesive 112 can be purchased as a single item from Cytec as METLBOND� 2550B-0.082 36".
The plys of the skin 102 typically are prepregs of carbon fiber impregnated with bismaleimide thermoset resin, although the present invention applies to other resin systems. Tows might be used in place of the prepreg. The film adhesive 108 should be tailored to achieve an adequate bond between the skin 102 and barrier film 110. The honeycomb core generally is HRP Fiberglass Reinforced Phenolic honeycomb available from Hexcel.
The supported film adhesive and barrier film layers in the sandwich structure also function as corrosion barriers between the skin 102 and core 106 in the case where the core is metal, such as aluminum, and the skin includes a galvanically dissimilar material, such as carbon fiber.
Additional information concerning preferred panels is presented in the technical paper: Hartz et al., "Development of a Bismaleimade/Carbon Honeycomb Sandwich Structure," SAMPE, March, 1996, which we incorporate by reference. This paper describes both the Hartz et al. barrier film improvement, the tiedown ply method, and the adhering method of the present invention.
The Hartz-type panels provide mechanical and physical edgeband properties equivalent to solid BMI/carbon laminate (cured at 0.59 MPa (85 psig). Our tests confirm that in our panels the edgeband cured-ply-thickness is equivalent to a solid laminate and that the edgeband 160 (FIGS. 5 & 6) met the requirements of the solid laminate nondestructive inspection specification. The edgeband and facesheet mechanical performance improved over results we achieved with sandwich structure lacking the scrim-supported adhesive, barrier film, adhesive combination. The flatwise tensile mechanical performance also met design requirements.
Preconditioning the core to eliminate volatile evolution during curing by heating the core to about 235� C. (455� F.), prior to laying up the sandwich panel, especially for phenolic core, eliminates core-laminate disbonding otherwise caused by outgassing from the core.
Core crush 200 (FIG. 5) occurs in the chamfer region 155 when the barrier film 110 and core 106 slip relative to the facesheets 102 when autoclave pressure is applied and when the resin is melted. As shown in FIG. 5, the barrier films 100 and core 106 have moved toward the right to compress the core in the chamfer region 155 to produce the core crush 200. The skin 102 has sagged in the edgeband region 160 where the core moved away.
Referring now to FIG. 6, the improved honeycomb sandwich panel includes at least one tiedown ply 150 in contact with the core 106 along a chamfer 155. Such a chamfer (i.e. an angled transition in the core, often at the edgeband 160) typically occurs around the periphery of the panel, but it might also occur intermediate of the panel at join lines or hard points where fasteners or pass-throughs might be necessary in the assembled structure.
Typically Corbett and Smith use a single ply 150 of carbon fiber or fiberglass fabric with a conventional 0/90 fiber orientation in the fabrication of bismaleimide panels having 5 or 8 lb/ft3 HRP core, like Hartz et al. describe. The tiedown ply 150 functions to prohibit or to limit slippage of the skin relative to the core so as to reduce core crush otherwise attributable to the slippage. The tiedown ply 150 anchors the core with the inherent roughness of the fabric when the preform is heated during the autoclave processing cycle and the matrix resin softens, melts, and, for high flow resins, essentially liquefies. With these panels, we can save between 2.5-4 lb/ft3 of core because we can use lighter density honeycomb core without suffering core crush. For a fighter, this change can save as much as 25 lbs per vehicle.
As shown in FIG. 6, the tiedown ply 150 is a narrow, peripheral strip that contacts the core 106 along at least a portion of the chamfer 155 for about 1 inch overlap with the core 106 and extends outward into the edgeband 160 beyond the trimline 165 of the part. The tiedown ply 150 might be on either the flat side of the chamfer or the angled surface (which is how we show it in FIG. 6). The key factor is that the tiedown ply 150 contact the core beneath the adhesive and barrier film 110 which is used to bond the laminate skin to the core. The tiedown ply 150 is cutaway everywhere in the body of the part other than a narrow peripheral area in the chamfer region, and forms a peripheral frame around the edge of the panel. In this way, the tiedown ply 150 allows an adhesive interface between the core 106 and the skins 102 in the panel region.
Traditionally, in making a Hartz-type panel, we use four complete cover sheet tiedown plies 175 in an effort to anchor the layers and the core, and we show all these plies in FIG. 6. These traditional plies 175 were commonly used in sandwich panel fabrication prior to introducing the Hartz-type barrier film, and we commonly use them all, although we believe we can now eliminate all but the outer plies and the peripheral, core contacting tiedown ply 150. That is, we would use three total plies rather than five, as FIG. 6 shows.
The tiedown plies 150 and 175 extend through the edgeband 160 beyond the net trim line 165 to anchoring points that we tape to the layup mandrel. To further prevent slippage of the tiedown plies, we have incorporated a low curing (i.e. 121� C. for BMI panels) film adhesive 180 between the tiedown plies just outside the net trim line of the part. The film adhesive 180 eliminates movement of one ply relative to the others when we apply pressure during the autoclave curing cycle. Curing at a temperature of about 100�-150� F. below the curing temperature of the laminate resin, the tiedown adhesive cures before we need to increase the autoclave pressure and the cured adhesive bonds the tiedown plys to one another. Using the adhering method eliminates relative movement of the plys and eliminates facesheet wrinkles and core crush that otherwise can occur.
The tiedown method of Corbett and Smith saves material, reduces cost, and saves weight, because it use the "picture frame" peripheral tiedown ply 150 (with the traditional, internal sheets omitted). The normal tiedown procedure entails plys on the outer surfaces of the skins and internally between the skin and underlying adhesive (FIG. 5). A traditional tiedown system will fall without the "picture frame" ply because the barrier film 110 permits the core to slip. The Corbett and Smith method will fall occasionally without the adhering method of the present invention.
For lightweight core (i.e. 5-8 lb/ft3) with the bismaleimide prepreg and adhesive system previously described, we hold the chamfer angle to 20��2�.
By "chamfer" we mean an angled, cut region (a ramp) of the honeycomb core tapering from full thickness to no thickness with a steady slope. A chamfer is used at the edge band of a composite honeycomb sandwich panel to provide a smooth transition between the structural body of the panel that has the embedded honeycomb and a connecting edge band lacking any honeycomb core. The method of the present invention allows us to use much steeper chamfer angles than traditional practices often require if one is to avoid core crush without one tiedown ply. While we prefer a 20� chamfer, we believe that we could increase the angle to whatever angle suited the panel design requirements.
By "autoclave processing" we mean the cycle of elevated temperature and pressure applied to the panel to consolidate and cure resin in the laminate while bonding or otherwise adhering the cured laminate to the honeycomb core. Our preferred cycle is illustrated in FIG. 7. Our adhesive for the tiedown plies cures at about 250� F. (121� C.) so it cures prior to the increase in autoclave pressure that can introduce relative motion between layers in the panel.
If core crush occurs, the damage to the panel is generally so extensive that repair is impossible so the part is scrapped. The cost of today's advanced composite resins and reinforcing fibers requires a process that virtually eliminates core crush. Otherwise, the processing costs are prohibitive. With panels being designed as close to the design edge as possible, core crush is a significant issue. The method of the present invention reduces cores crush and ply movement or wrinkling.
While we have described preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily recognize alterations, variations, and modifications, which might be made without departing from the inventive concept. Therefore, interpret the claims liberally with the support of the full range of equivalents known to those of ordinary skill based upon this description. The examples are given to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit it. Accordingly, define the invention by the claims and limit the claims only as necessary in view of the pertinent prior art.
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In the aftermath of the recent economic downturn, some observers leveled harsh criticism against free-market economies. In the spring of 2009, for instance, an article in the The London Telegraph insisted that the industrialized West must re-articulate its moral case for market capitalism. Additionally, numerous commentators proclaimed the days of unfettered markets to be over.
In this timely and balanced book, Austin Hill and Scott Rae agree with capitalism's critics that...
In the aftermath of the recent economic downturn, some observers leveled harsh criticism against free-market economies. In the spring of 2009, for instance, an article in the The London Telegraph insisted that the industrialized West must re-articulate its moral case for market capitalism. Additionally, numerous commentators proclaimed the days of unfettered markets to be over.
In this timely and balanced book, Austin Hill and Scott Rae agree with capitalism's critics that the economy is essentially a moral issue, but they argue that free markets are by-and-large the solution to financial disasters rather than the cause. Though they recognize that there are legitimate criticisms of the market system -- and real limits to what it can and should accomplish -- the authors further conclude that capitalism both depends upon and sustains classic Judeo-Christian virtues better than any of its rival systems.
Thoughtful and engaging, this book pushes against the tide of current public opinion and some of the administration's proposed economic policies with a principled defense of capitalism.
"I ONLY CARE about the MORAL ISSUES"
Can somebody name for me one area of our lives that has nothing to do with economics?"
With this question, a hush fell upon the room inside the retreat center. For a moment the only thing to be heard was the sound of a babbling brook traveling through the open window—a very common sound for rural northwestern Connecticut in the summertime. The speaker, an economist from Auburn University, had just finished leading the group of thirty or so graduate students in a "let's go around the room and introduce ourselves" exercise and was now homing in on what would be a central topic for the meeting.
It was the summer of 1996. I (Austin) was one of those graduate students—from across the United States and Canada, and from among multiple academic fields—who had been invited to gather at this private, low-key event with some writers and university professors, to discuss the rather abstract concept of "human liberty." I was excited to be at the conference and was eager to learn. But I had no idea where this little three-day weekend was going to lead.
I was silently contemplating an answer to the professor's question, Was there any area of my life that had nothing to do with economics? when a student named Hubbard spoke up.
Hubbard had just introduced himself to the group moments before, as we all had done. He had explained that he was working toward a master's degree at a theological seminary in Louisville, Kentucky. And while he had indicated that his first name was indeed Hubbard, he had also successfully moved the entire group past the awkwardness of being in a room full of strangers, and had even gotten us all to smile and laugh and applaud for him just a bit, when he told us in his charming Southern accent, "Y'all can just call me Hub." And now Hub was answering the first, big, deep question of the day.
"As a Christian," he said looking at the professor, "I believe that my eternal salvation has nothing to do with economics."
"Okay," the professor responded. "Let's assume that you're right about that, Hub. And let's assume that what is true for Hub is true for everyone; that there is, indeed, an 'afterlife,' and that one's ultimate destination in the afterlife has nothing to do with economics. Now, having said that, can somebody name for me a second area of our lives that has nothing to do with economics?" The room got real quiet again. "My friends," the professor said after several seconds of dead silence, "let me suggest to you that there is no other area of our existence that has nothing to do with economics. Every facet of our earthly lives is impacted on some level by both economic activity, and economic conditions."
Thus began a three-day "seminar" several years ago, when a handful of graduate students gathered together to talk about some weighty ideas. That weekend, and the question that kicked off that weekend, are at least partly responsible for your authors collaborating several years later and producing the book that you're reading right now.
So how would you answer the professor's question? Do you agree with his conclusion? Have you ever been asked this question, or contemplated it yourself? Can you specify an area of your life that is not impacted in any way by economics—the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services? Or do you believe that certain elements of your existence are simply going to be what they're going to be—either by the twist of fate, or by your own choosing, or by the hand of God, or a combination of all three—and economic conditions simply don't change anything?
Most people would agree that, in a broad sense, economic conditions matter profoundly They can impact the destiny of nations, the presence and duration of peace, the outcomes of wars, the relative stability of societies, and the well-being of future generations. But when it comes to questions about how economics can impact the private aspects of our lives, the answers are frequently not so obvious. Can the issue of economics influence one's commitments to a spouse, or to children, or to other family members? Does the issue impact the way a person functions in their community, or how one serves the less fortunate?
Some people are troubled by the suggestion that economic conditions can impact their role as a husband, wife, mom, or dad. But be honest and ask yourself: Is it ever more difficult to be the kind of spouse or parent that one aspires to be, when the economy is slow and personal finances are scarce? And—here's a tough one—when finances are plentiful, can the enjoyment of material goods enable a person to avoid or neglect other important areas of their relationships? And a final question, one some people find even more difficult to ponder: Can economics impact one's relationship with their God?
We respect the point that Hub made about his Christian faith and the issue of eternal salvation. But we also realize that there is more to a person's spiritual life than his or her eternal destiny. Life on this side of eternity matters as well, and economics has a great deal to do with life on this side. It's interesting to note that in the Bible, Jesus Himself had far more to say about money and economics than He did about eternity.
To this end, we think it's worthwhile to consider how living in either an environment of scarcity or plenty, or under one economic system or another, can impact one's faith in a benevolent, all-good God.
Just as the economist said to the students at the conference, we believe that "every facet of our earthly lives is impacted on some level by both economic activity, and economic conditions." The economy affects individuals and families and entire societies, and it affects both the way a person engages in the world around them, as well as a person's private life.
But what are we to make of the morality of economics? Should economics be regarded as a "moral issue" at all? Economic systems and policies are, in part, an expression of how a society regards both its weakest and most powerful members, and all those in between; they often play a key role in determining who "wins" and who "loses" in a society; and they can both encourage and discourage positive, productive behavior among the citizenry. Over the course of history, some societies have chosen economic systems that have helped a large percentage of its citizens to enjoy social and economic success. Other societies have utilized economic systems that have caused the few to flourish while the many were trampled upon.
Although this book is about the philosophical and moral underpinnings of capitalism, we also must acknowledge that capitalism itself, as well as other types of economic systems, is enabled in part by certain types of governmental and political structures. And while we are not writing about politics, per se, we nonetheless need to discuss to some degree the types of political structures and environments that have been necessary for the various types of economic systems to exist. We'll do this in more detail in chapter 8. For now we acknowledge that economics, much like politics, requires us to answer the question "How shall we order our lives together?" This question is, fundamentally, a moral one. And for this reason, it is perplexing that one of the most influential political movements in recent history—a movement that by its own definition has been devoted to bringing "moral issues" to light in American politics —has had very little to say, if anything, about economics. This is the faith-based-voters movement, and we will examine its social and political involvement during the past three decades.
Regardless of their political leanings, whether liberal or conservative, left-leaning or right-leaning, a huge number of Americans identify their "core moral convictions" as the chief motivator for them to let their voices be heard in American politics. Perhaps you would say this about yourself as well. Often those moral convictions are derived from their commitments to a faith tradition, and they are most compelled to participate in the American political process when certain moral issues—usually a select few issues having to do with their core values—are weighing in the balance.
To be clear, we are not assuming here that all religious Americans are seeking to advance their personal "moral values" in the public arena. We recognize that there have always been some Americans who argue that moral beliefs are inherently private matters, and that these matters don't belong in policy debates. Similarly, we are aware that at present a growing number of Americans—many of them religious—are becoming increasingly disillusioned with the idea of voicing their moral concerns in the political arena. We respect those who view moral issues in this way, although we maintain that public policy entails moral concerns—and ultimately, public policy impacts everyone.
Having said that, we recognize that many Americans care deeply about the moral aspects of public policy, are informed and motivated by their faith, and desire that their voices be heard in the political process. One of the largest and most influential of these categories is what we will be referring to as faith-based individuals and groups. We focus on them because we know them well and they are a good example of the point we are making in this chapter, not because they are the only group who cares about public morality.
According to research from the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 70 percent of American adults identify with evangelical Protestant Christianity, "mainline denominational" Protestant Christianity, Catholicism, Orthodox Judaism, or Mormonism. Since many members of these religious groups share common, strongly held beliefs and values, it is not surprising that over the past several decades they have often exhibited similar responses to public policy concerns amid America's changing cultural landscape. Again, we are not suggesting that they are the only people among the American electorate with a moral conscience, or who vote according to their core moral convictions. Obviously, many Americans regard voting in our nation's elections as both a responsibility and a privilege, and their moral convictions play a profound part in the selections they make on a ballot. Additionally, people of great faith, good intentions, and moral conviction reside on both the conservative political right and on the liberal political left, and at varying times and in varyingproportions they have aligned with both the Democratic and Republican political parties. Our focus on faith-based voters is simply one effective example to illustrate our perplexity that economics is not widely regarded as a moral issue.
From our observations, faith-based voters have by their own definition focused almost exclusively on a few key moral issues confronting our nation, while at times ignoring other public policy concerns that they do not perceive as moral issues. And this is the central dilemma that we are getting at: Because economics has not been adequately defined as a "moral issue" by these faith-based groups, far too many faith-based voters have too often ignored economic issues. In other instances, they have been ambivalent about the various choices that confront them in the arena of economic policy.
We remain intrigued with the influence of the faith-based voters movement and its ability to motivate people to action over their concern for moral issues. In a moment we'll consider where this movement may be heading, and why economics and an accurate view of capitalism need to be at the movement's center. But first let's consider how this focus on "moral issues" among faith-based voters got started in the first place.
Since the time of America's founding, moral questioning, reasoning, and argumentation have remained a part of the nation's public policy debates. Not only that, but moral dialogue has also been at the epicenter of some of our nation's biggest public policy developments. The eradication of slavery, the emergence of the New Deal, the civil rights movement, and the nation's engagement in the Vietnam War all come to mind; at times, this dialogue has entailed explicitly religious tones and themes. As such, the reality of moral and religious ideas impacting our government is not new.
The beginnings of what we know today as the modern faith-based political movement can be traced back to the late 1960s. After having been quite disengaged from politics for a number of years, and without much in the way of formal organization, millions of American Christians —at that time mostly white, middle-class, Protestant and evangelical Christians—were becoming increasingly alarmed at the current-day cultural trends and growing civil unrest of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The challenges to marriage and Judeo-Christian sexual norms posed by the so-called "sexual revolution;" the youthful rebellion against societal authority structures brought about by the growing "hippie" culture; and the Vietnam War protests by many American youth who thought it was something less than "honorable" to fight on behalf of the country—all these developments proved to be sufficiently unnerving to these millions of Americans.
In the midst of this cultural upheaval U.S. President Richard Nixon delivered an important address to the nation on November 3, 1969. During the address, Nixon made reference to a so-called silent majority of Americans-people who supposedly agreed with him on issues of culture, "law and order," and the war, even though their views of such things may largely have gone unnoticed. In using the "silent majority" phrase, Nixon sought to awaken politically this large number of Americans who did not participate in public discourse, who did not have a voice in American media, who often did not vote, and who did not publicly "demonstrate" on behalf of causes they believed in. Yet this sector of American society was nonetheless very real and very frustrated by what they believed was a degradation of America and its institutions.
Some people believed that the use of the "silent majority" phrase was nothing more than the president "playing politics" and creating a theme for his reelection campaign (and doing so very early in his first term). Others took offense to the terminology, claiming that with the phrase "silent majority," the president was dismissing the "voices of dissent"—the "vocal minority," if you will—who dared to speak out against their government and oppose the Vietnam War.
But regardless of how the president's words were interpreted at the time, there's no disputing that Nixon's efforts to reach out to the "silent majority" in a time of cultural chaos changed the electoral dynamics in America. And three years after uttering those words for the first time and introducing the theme of the silent majority (combined with another three years of war protests and social upheaval), Nixon won the hearts and minds of a majority of both Republicans and Democrats with a forty-nine-state electoral college landslide in the 1972 presidential election.
Nixon began his second term as president on January 20, 1973, although he would only last in office another nineteen months. In August 1974 he became the only U.S. president to resign from office, when faced with the near certainty of impeachment for his role in the Watergate scandal. Still, the cultural upheaval of the time, and Nixon's response to it, had politically awakened a portion of the American population in a way that would mark American politics for decades to come, and that would eventually give rise to what we think of today as faith-based voters.
The formation of this new political force actually was further strengthened two days after Nixon's second term began. On January 22, 1973, the United States Supreme Court rendered its now famous Roe v. Wade decision, which determined that a mother may abort the life of her child in the womb for any reason, up until the "point at which the fetus becomes 'viable.'" As to what was meant by "viable," the court defined this as "potentially able to live outside the mother's womb, albeit with artificial aid." While four years earlier it seemed to many that America and its institutions were being degraded, now it appeared to many that the very definition of human life itself was also being compromised.
Over the next few years, many Americans began to view the United States as a nation in moral decline as a president had resigned his office, South Vietnam was lost, the beginning of human life was called into question by the Supreme Court, and the value of marriage was being downplayed by the now-blossoming feminist movement.
Excerpted from The Virtues of Capitalism by Austin Hill, Scott Rae, Jim Vincent. Copyright © 2010 Austin Hill and Scott Rae. Excerpted by permission of Northfield Publishing.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Chapter 1: Moral Issues Are More Important Than Economics . . . Aren't They?
Chapter 2: What Does the Judeo-Christian Tradition Say about Economics?
Chapter 3: Ancient Virtues in the Modern Marketplace
Chapter 4: Capitalism and Its Critics
Chapter 5: Did Capitalism Fail?: Reflections on the Current Economic Crisis
Chapter 6: There's a Better Way Forward
Chapter 7: "Corporate Greed" and the Politics Of Envy
Chapter 8: The Limits of a Market-Based Economy

subset: commoncrawl


text: CCBot/2.0 (http://commoncrawl.org/faq/) British Columbia Geocaching Association » Forums » Regional » Vancouver Island » Geocachers on News - Human Remains Home Newest Caches Forums Your Account About BCGA Search Blitz Mount Sheba: [?] . Reminiscent of the temples of Egypt and Persia, the exotic landscape beckoned early pioneers to name the peak Mount Sheba. [M | C] Register or Login Please Join our Association Our Sponsors Waypoints Home Home Login BCGA News BCGA Feedback/Contact Us Membership Info Coin Activation About BCGA Logos Recommend Us Statistics News Archive VT Memorial Project Geocaching Cache History Encyclopedia Links Policies & Guidelines Users options Your Account Forums Forums GC Canada Forums Search GC Cache BCGA Search Web BC Rankings Geocaching.com Navicache.com Terracaching.com waymarking.com Coming Events April 2015 SMTWTFS 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Sat Apr 04, 2015 Vancouver Art Gallery Meet & Greet - Vancouver Sun Apr 05, 2015 Easter In memory of Nugget - Surrey Sat Apr 11, 2015 Safety in the Woods - East Sooke Sat Apr 18, 2015 Earth Day Fraser Valley - Yarrow 12th Official "Adopt a Highway" Clean Up - Courtenay Come celebrate 'National Animal Crackers Day - Ladner Wed Apr 22, 2015 Earth Day Sat Apr 25, 2015 A Cleaner Downtown Core - Victoria 5th East Stave Lake Clean UP CITO - Mill Creek at PRC - Kelowna Cache & Untrash in the Cache! - Cache Creek Bonnie Schrenk Park CITO - Surrey It came from Planet CITO! - Langford Post CITO Nutritional Replenishment Event: Take 2 - Langford Spring dinner meet and greet - Surrey Elk River Shoreline Cleanup - Fernie Sun Apr 26, 2015 Kanaka Creek - Invasive Species Removal - Maple Rdge Ken Forde Park CITO 2015 - Campbell River Sat May 02, 2015 Spring Stomp 2015 - Kamloops Forums » Regional » Vancouver Island » Geocachers on News - Human Remains LOG-IN DIFFICULTIES Please be advised that we are currently having problems with some of our users not being able to log into the site. We apologize for this, we are working to address the situation. Thank you for your patience Thank You BCGA Executive Forum FAQ Search Log in to check your private messages Login Geocachers on News - Human Remains Forum Index » Vancouver Island View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message _canadianbacon_Joined: Jan 05, 2004Posts: 1154Location: Surrey, BC, Canada Posted: Mon Apr 25, 2011 6:46 am Post subject: Geocachers on News - Human Remains Global TV reported this morning that some people out geocaching near Nanaimo cam across some human remains, possibly ancient native site. Is there any more scuttlebutt on that? _________________~~~~ _CanadianBacon_~~~~ Back to top vanisleladyJoined: Jan 20, 2007Posts: 230Location: Campbell River Posted: Mon Apr 25, 2011 10:24 am Post subject: Re: Geocachers on News - Human Remains Try this BC Local News Back to top Cyclepath_CacherJoined: Mar 31, 2008Posts: 41Location: Hope B.C. Posted: Mon Apr 25, 2011 11:35 am Post subject: Re: Geocachers on News - Human Remains After doing a little research on the band name mentioned in the article, I think I have found the cache and cachers. Check GC2CFAJ SpongeBob's New Lagoon. It's on Duke point. I sure hope it was old remains. Back to top Mr. Wilson and a Mt. GoatJoined: May 01, 2009Posts: 481Location: Nanaimo Posted: Tue Apr 26, 2011 7:29 pm Post subject: Re: Geocachers on News - Human Remains Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69NWTHL9K7I Very odd discovery, unfortunate that the cachers had brought their kids along. Glad to see it was indeed a burial ground and not something more sinister. _________________That guy in shorts. Back to top islandcachfindersJoined: Oct 01, 2011Posts: 1 Posted: Sat Oct 01, 2011 6:55 am Post subject: Re: Geocachers on News - Human Remains Does anyone know if the remains are still there? Has the cache been taken from this location? The reason I ask is because we just started geocaching a few days ago, and on our second time out we found a skeleton but I couldn't find a skull and was unable to determine if the bones were human or not. This was in Cedar on Sept 29, 2011 Back to top Mr. Wilson and a Mt. GoatJoined: May 01, 2009Posts: 481Location: Nanaimo Posted: Sat Oct 01, 2011 11:13 am Post subject: Re: Geocachers on News - Human Remains Cache is has been moved nearby, I know that, but I have no clue about the remains. The bones you found were probably animal, I've found many deer bones while caching. Just a guess though. _________________That guy in shorts. 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Perhaps the tooth fairy hasn't been wrong after all — baby teeth can be valuable and should not be discarded.
Stem cells can come from various sources, including embryos, bone marrow, and umbilical cord blood. But did you know that stem cells also exist in baby teeth and wisdom teeth? Recent studies have found that they do. And unlike embryonic stem cells, teeth provide a non-controversial source of stem cells.
Stem cells found in baby teeth?
In 2003, Dr. Songtao Shi at the National Institutes of Health in Maryland discovered dental stem cells in his daughter's baby teeth. Since then, many scientists around the world have shown that dental stem cells can be coaxed into cells typically found in teeth, bones, nerves, fat, joints, and muscles. Imagine someday healing your child's broken bone or treating other serious injuries or diseases with stem cells leftover from one of his baby teeth.
With the advent of dental stem cells, companies such as Store-A-ToothTMare providing a service to properly preserve a child's dental stem cells — a sort of biological insurance in anticipation of these cells becoming important as the field advances.
Saving your child's baby teeth
The process starts with a visit to the dentist's office, where the eligible tooth or teeth are collected. The teeth are then placed in a special transport container and sent to a lab where the tissue is harvested, processed, frozen and cryo-preserved for potential future use.
How much does it cost?
The start-up fee is $699, which includes the first year of storage. There is an annual charge of $120 for storing the teeth each year after that. A 20-year plan is available for $2,379.
Why is this something to consider?
Collecting stem cells from teeth is a convenient, accessible, and relatively painless process compared to other ways of collecting stem cells. It is less expensive than alternativemeans of adult stem cell banking, and the teeth would otherwise be discarded. Cell-based therapies work best if the cells 'match' the person treated, and using your own cells guarantees a match.
Although there are no proven clinical applications of dental stem cells, these cells have been shown in the lab to regenerate many different cell types. Some of the earliest applications may be in regenerating or repairing bone or teeth.
Is this different from stem cells taken from cord blood?
In some ways, dental stem cells and umbilical cord blood are similar. Both are adult stem cells, so there are no ethical or moral issues with their collection and use as there are with embryonic stem cells. Both are processed and cryo-preserved for potential future use. Some differences include the types of cells they are capable of forming; cord blood typically forms cells of the blood system, while dental stem cells can regenerate cells typically found in or associated with teeth, bones, nerves, fat, joints, and muscles.
How to learn more
Briarcliff Pediatric Dentistry, in Briarcliff Manor, will launch the Store-A-Tooth service this month, and is hosting free information sessions on Wednesday, September 17, and Saturday, October 4. Store-A-Tooth representatives will present information about the history of dental stem cells, the Store-A-Tooth service, and the potential benefits. A discount for the service will be offered to those who attend. To register for a Store-A-Tooth session, contact 914-762-4151 or sign-up online at www.store-a-tooth.com/bijoor.
Renuka Rao Bijoor is the owner of Briarcliff Pediatric Dentistry and a Board-certified specialist in pediatric dentistry. She teaches at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine on a part-time basis, and is affiliated with Phelps Memorial Hospital in Sleepy Hollow, where she provides hospital dentistry for very young children and patients with special needs.
Three Tips for a Happier Holiday
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Mood of the Week #4: "Push the Sky Away"
Nick Cave's new album with his band the Bad Seeds, "Push the Sky Away", came out this week and we're absolutely enthralled! Nick Cave's been making similarly enthralling music since the early 80s, and over the course of his last fourteen albums with the Bad Seeds, he's explored a great deal of darkness, both real and imaginary. This new album is his fifteenth, and finds him treading new musical territory, though the lyrical content is still firmly in the realm of macabre story-telling. The music itself, without the usual guitar-heavy focus, is illustrated with tiny, often strange loops of that are still no less filled with darkness, and give the album a delicate and otherworldly feel. It's an amazing departure for Nick Cave and the band, that simultaneously recalls his cross-over singer-songwriter period and his earliest, dark and noisy period, and yet still feels totally new! It's quite a feat for any band, let alone one over thirty years into their career. We can't wait to catch the band on the road this spring!


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8224 West 96th Terrace
Overland Park, Kansas, 66212
Commute to Downtown Prairie Village
Most errands can be accomplished on foot.
It is possible to get on a bus.
Score Details
8224 West 96th Terrace has a Walk Score of 71 out of 100. This location is Very Walkable so most errands can be accomplished on foot.
This location is in Overland Park. Nearby parks include Stonegate Park, Stonegate Pool and Pinehurst Estates Park.
Nearby schools include Brookridge Day School, Holy Cross Catholic School and Brookridge Elementary School.
The closest grocery stores are Whole Foods Market - Metcalf, Natural Grocers and Ambica Foods.
Nearby coffee shops include Java Crossing, First Watch and Cafe Vie. Nearby restaurants include Pin 1, Taco Via and Johnny Brusco's Pizza - New York Style-.
8224 West 96th Terrace is near Brookridge Park, Pinehurst West Park and South Lake Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 8224 West 96th Terrace.
8224 West 96th Terrace has minimal transit which means it is possible to get on a bus.
Bus lines:
812 812 - JOFlex
0.2 mi
660 660 - Antioch-Downtown
0.2 mi
664 664 - Metcalf-Downtown
0.8 mi
856 856 Connex - Metcalf-Plaza Flex
0.8 mi
556 Connex 556 Connex - Metcalf-Plaza
0.8 mi
175 75th Street
0.8 mi
View all Overland Park apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include pool, fireplace and fitness. View all Overland Park apartments and rentals.
This location is in the city of Overland Park, KS. Overland Park has an average Walk Score of 33 and has 173,372 residents.


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Respond to Review of Hobos Restaurant and Bar
by kathyarena
Review: My diet is Raw/Vegan..before going to Rehoboth early April for a get away I searched for a restaurant that served Raw . Hobos looked like a possibility, so I called and spoke w/owner chef Gretchen. She didn't hesitate on preparing Raw for me. She is totally knowledgeable about all types of diet and her menu reflects that. All food is clean, non GMO and organic as possible...vegetables, fish and meats too. My fish and meat eating friends had delicious dinners and the portions were generous. So at our table we had one extreme (Raw) to the other (grass fed Filet Mignon)...with wild caught Salmon and organic stuffed hugh pork chops in-between. Her menu also offers Gluten Free options. Truly a place for all of us! Did I mention I ate dinner there every night! :)
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Does Dubai need another airport?
It has the world's tallest building, the flashiest hotel, and more artificial palm-shaped islands than anywhere else. So it was only a matter of time before Dubai built the world's biggest airport. But is DXB 2.0 really necessary?
March 28, 2010 2:41 by Rasha Reslan
Welcome to DXB 2.0.
Dubai's colossal new transport hub, Al Maktoum International Airport, is set to open in June – albeit for cargo flights only.
No date has been set for the launch of passenger flights, but the airport's management is in ongoing talks with airlines over relocation to the new hub.
"The company is in advanced talks with airlines, both passenger and cargo, across the globe to start operations from the new airport," Paul Griffiths, CEO of Dubai Airports Co, told Emirates Business recently.
The fact that a concrete date has been set for the launch of cargo flights does, perhaps, reiterate the commitment to building the $820 million airport – despite the recession and the crippling debt problems that have hit Dubai.
The new airport is part of the gigantic $33 billion Dubai World Central (DWC) real estate development in Jebel Ali, some 40km from DXB. It will eventually have five runways, four passenger terminals able to accommodate 160 million arrivals a year, and 18 cargo terminals with a capacity of 12 million tons. The whole thing is expected to be completed within 15 years.
But does Dubai actually need another airport?
On paper, the prospects for growth in the region's aviation sector – and therefore the feasibility of constructing the world's largest airport – certainly look good.
UAE airspace is getting busier. Passenger numbers at DXB continue to rise, and the UAE General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) says that UAE air traffic movements increased by 12.7 percent in February 2010 compared to the same month the year before.
The wider Middle East aviation industry is also in relative good health. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), Middle Eastern airlines saw passenger demand climb 11.3 percent in 2009, the only area in the world to report significant growth in what was a dismal year for the industry.
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2 Comments
i guess they just want everything to be big
why not build an airport for Cargo Only in Jebel Eli, and expand the passenger terminals in current DXB where the cargo installations were… seems logical… what doesn't is building an airport that can actually fit the entire population of the UAE in one go…


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Annual Conference --
October 9, 2015 -- Save
the date!
Join us at
Zane State College in
Zanesville, OH on October 9, 2015 when we discuss ways of "Sparking
Student Engagement."
McDonald is the conference
chair. Brad Garner, Director of Faculty Enrichment at Indiana
Wesleyan University, will be our keynote speakers. His topic will
be "Accountable Relationships: A Key to Student Success."
Call for
Proposals: Send in yours now!
We are now accepting presentation
proposals for the conference. See the
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Proposals for submission guidelines. Join us as a presenter!
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spark student engagement? Share one of your strategies for engaging
students. Poster presentations are also an option. For questions,
please contact Saylor Kelly at
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We are now accepting nominations for the 2015
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Adjunct Teacher-of-the-Year. Nominations are due by May 15,
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Thank you for nominating outstanding faculty colleagues for our
teaching awards last year. Here is the complete
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We are now accepting
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Congratulations to
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2014 Teaching Grant.
Davis-Zimmerman Student Scholarship
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The award is named in recognition of two long-serving Board members,
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scholarship winner will be announced during the luncheon at the 2015 conference
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Please consider
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The latest newsletter, Spring 2015, is now available. Download your copy to learn more about our 48th Annual Conference to be held at Zane State College on October 9, 2015.
Information for trustees of Ohio's two-year colleges is provided by
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which was founded in 1993 as a forum for sound trustee training,
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The Ohio Faculty Senate of
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Amateur Baseball roundup: Amateur Baseball
Late result Wednesday
St. Cloud Ice 11, Litchfield 1
Litchfield pitchers issued 12 walks and the defense committed five errors in the loss.
Lauren Greer led St. Cloud Ice with two hits, including a double, and two RBI.
Stephen Pennertz paced the Blues with two doubles.
SC Ice...........441 110 0 -- 11 9 1
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Home Styles Biscayne 48" Black Outdoor Dining Tables (View all from Home Styles)
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With its intricately designed metal work, the Outdoor Table will certainly become the focal point of the deck or patio! Constructed of solid, cast aluminum, it is heavier than hollow aluminum or tubular outdoor furniture and is durable, lasting year after year. Need an added incentive? It's maintenance free! Also, it is designed to accommodate an outdoor umbrella and umbrella stand.Features:
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Bruce Springsteen - Bruce Springsteen Announces 'Wrecking Ball' As 17th Studio Album
Anticipation surrounding Bruce Springsteen 's 17th studio album is building, and The Boss added further fuel to the fire today by announcing the title and further details of the LP. Billboard reports that the legendary performer will be releasing 'Wrecking Ball' on Columbia Records; produced by Ron Aniello, it will include 11 songs - 13 if you shell out for the deluxe edition.
An impassioned statement on his official website, as to be expected from the team behind one of the ultimate heart-on-sleeve artists of the past half century, said "Bruce has dug down as deep as he can to come up with this vision of modern life, the lyrics tell a story you can't hear anywhere else, and the music is his most innovative of recent years. The writing is some of the best of his career and both veteran fans and those who are new to Bruce will find much to love on 'Wrecking Ball.'"
That statement came from Springsteen's manager Jon Landau, who also told the Rolling Stone that the forthcoming record was "big-picture piece of work. It's a rock record that combines elements of both Bruce's classic sound and his Seeger Sessions experience, with new textures and styles." Sounds good to us; the record will also be tinged with sadness as it'll be the first recorded without the E Street Band's saxophonist Clarence Clemons who died last summer - despite this it's believed the band will continue live.


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Lutron CA-PJH-BR Claro Decorator Phone Jack Insert - Brown (Clamshell Packaging)
This item is no longer availableFor your convenience, we recommend:
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Lutron CA-PJ-BR
Lutron Phone Jack Claro Decorator Insert - BrownView this item
Are you in need of a phone jack insert that's both practical and good looking? Look no further. The Lutron CA-PJH is a high performance phone jack insert from Claro that will work with the design of your home to give you what you need in the stylish way you need it. Don't have time for tricky installation? Don't worry! Because it's a Lutron product, the Lutron CA-PJH comes with easy to follow installation instructions that will have even beginners enjoying this product in just a matter of minutes.
The Lutron CA-PJH features a smooth finish that gives it a sleek look and easy to clean surface. You'll love saving time on the easy maintenance and installation of this product! Don't worry about replacing it because the Lutron CA-PJH in stylish brown is made of durable materials that will last for a long time to come. Even with the minor details in your home like phone jack inserts, you shouldn't settle for a device that will be bulky and obtrusive. Trust in the Lutron brand, and pick up your Claro phone jack insert today.
Wallplate Sold Separately.
Features:• Simple Color-Coded Wiring
• High-Quality Materials
• Smooth Easy-to-Clean Finish
Specifications:• Jack Type: Telephone
• Color: Brown
• Mounting Type: Claro Insert Flush
• Jack Style: Modular
• Quantity of Jacks: 1
• Termination Type: Screw Terminals
• Standards and Certifications: UL/CSA
• Mount: Box
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text: Depends on the mode. VirionxPanne makes for a good Yarne, plus the support set's not half bad. Miriel should get Stahl or Ricken, depending on if you want Laurent to have access to some pretty good skills and increased defense(Stahl), or have insane magic (Ricken). This leaves Maribelle, who it would depend on what you're looking for in Brady. Ricken gives him insane magic, but (from what I've heard) Gregor makes for a good dad for a War Monk Brady.If this is normal or hard mode though, really it won't be too big a deal which you choose. Go with the ones you feel like.


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You get to choose four Banned on the Hill bookplate stickers by Franke James. Selection includes the No Keystone XL Flag, What is Harper afraid of?, Joe Oliver riding a fish, George Orwell on political language, "Franke James is your fault?" and others... Shipping included
3 claimed
You get the graphic, full colour ebook "Banned on the Hill". Over 360 images in this 370 page book. The ebook contains the same content as the print book: 8 visual essays, from 2008 to 2013 including "Games 'Bureaucats' Play!" Available on Apple iPad or Kindle Fire. See the comments from John Bennett, Tzeporah Berman, Bill McKibben, Michael Mann, Elizabeth May, Clayton Ruby, Linda Solomon, and others...
63 claimed
Shout out this from the Hill Top! #1. EBOOK - You get the graphic, full colour "Banned on the Hill" ebook for use on an Apple iPad or Kindle Fire. #2. TATTOO - The Banned Tattoo -- because we know you want to get people talking! #3. TWEET Shout it Loudly! Harper can't muzzle artists, scientists... Or YOU! Your name will be tweeted by artist @Franke James to her 8,000 followers as thanks! Share any of my images here on your Facebook page or on Twitter.
12 claimed
You get the graphic, full colour "Banned on the Hill" ebook for use on an Apple iPad or Kindle Fire. Plus your choice of 4 Banned on the Hill bookplate stickers by Franke James featuring No Keystone XL Eagle, Stephen Harper as a dirty oil barrel, Joe Oliver riding a fish, the farting Fat Cat Canada or others... Shipping included
2 claimed
Three items: #1. You get the DO NOT TALK ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE poster in 12x18 size. #2. The graphic ebook version of Banned on the Hill (for Kindle Fire and iPad) #3. The Banned Tattoo. (shipping included)
5 out of 200 claimed
Franke James made "Banned on the Hill" BIG so you can really enjoy all the graphics (over 360 images in this 370 page book). The 8x10 print book has 8 visual essays, from 2008 to 2013 including 'Games Bureaucats Play'! See the comments from John Bennett, Tzeporah Berman, Bill McKibben, Michael Mann, Elizabeth May, Clayton Ruby, Linda Solomon, and others... (Shipping included.)
61 claimed
The Top of the Hill package: Dizzying heights!! Look what you get for reaching this pinnacle... #1. Your very own *personalized and signed* copy of "Banned on the Hill" -- the 370-page printed book. #2. The TarSands Parliament Hill Poster #3. You'll also get a temporary tattoo. Wear it everywhere... Get people talking. Price includes shipping.
14 claimed
This perk includes 30 minutes chatting with Franke about the environment, social justice, self-publishing or whatever you want. (Skype or phone to be arranged.) Plus your very own personalized and signed copy of "Banned on the Hill" -- the 370-page print book.
1 out of 2 claimed
This is COOL! You get the real poster that was displayed outdoors in Ottawa for the Banned on the Hill 2013 campaign. (See the design in the gallery.) "DO NOT TALK ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE" is 47" x 68". The street ad poster will be signed by Franke James. Shipped in a big tube to anywhere in North America that FedEx delivers.
0 out of 2 claimed
A Limited Edition "Franke James" print. Most of the artwork is from 'Banned on the Hill'. Franke personally supervises, approves and signs each giclee print. They are exhibition quality and printed on archival fine art bamboo paper using archival pigment-based inks. Limited edition run of 50. Size: 21.5″ x 15.375″. Includes shipping. Visit www.frankejames.com to see the selection featured in her new post: "If Walls Could Talk".
0 out of 10 claimed
A Limited Edition "Franke James" print from 'Banned on the Hill'. You'll be choosing from a selection of original illustrations from the book. Franke personally supervises, approves and signs each print. They are exhibition quality and printed on archival fine art bamboo paper using archival pigment-based inks. Limited edition run of 50. Size: 34" x 24". Includes shipping. See some of the art prints: http://www.frankejames.com/fine-art-prints/
1 out of 5 claimed
Want to have Franke speak at your event and give a Six Tools for Climate Change Art Workshop? Buy this perk, and she'll present to your organization or school. The timing is flexible. Bonus: Franke will also do a blog post about the event -- so get ready to shine the spotlight on your organization. Extra costs: You'll need to pay for her transportation and travel costs. If you have questions, please email Franke at email@example.com (See past speaking events on frankejames.com)
1 out of 1 claimed
Awesome! This is your chance to have Franke write a visual essay for your environmental, health or social justice cause -- in her unique and personal style. See the story "Who cares about the Forest?" which Franke created for the Forest Stewardship Council in 2011. It was translated into Swedish in 2012. Any questions about this perk email email@example.com
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Cheese And Sausage Breakfast Casserole
Total Time
Prep20 mins
Cook50 mins
Excellent! May be prepared a day ahead, and chilled. Just bake in the morning.
Make and share this Cheese And Sausage Breakfast Casserole recipe from Food.com.
- 8 slice white bread, cut into cubes
- 453.59 g pork sausage, crumbled and cooked
- 354.88 ml grated sharp cheddar cheese
- 10 large eggs
- 473.18 ml milk (do not use nonfat or lowfat)
- 9.85 ml dry mustard
- 4.92 ml salt
- pepper
- Grease 9x13 inch glass baking dish.
- Place bread cubes in prepared dish.
- Top with sausage and cheese.
- Beat together eggs, milk, mustard and salt.
- Season with pepper.
- Pour egg mixture over sausage mixture.
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees.
- Bake casserole until puffed and center is set, about 50 minutes.
- Cut into squares and serve.
Most Helpful
This is so easy and delicious. I did not make ahead of time and it turned out perfect. I used skim milk with success. Will be making again!
This was very yummy!! I made a half portion as a trial for visitors arriving next week. I had viewed other recipes, that let the mixture sit overnight in the fridge so I did this as a time saver. Worked beautifully. I baked half portion for 40mins and it was puffed up and golden!! My little girls didn't 'love' it but a little ketchup helped. We ate it with spicy salsa and cleaned our plates!!! Easy to prepare and I liked being able to put in the fridge and save time in the am, especially when you have guests!
I threw this together this morning. It turned out great!! The spices made it excellent. We only had 1% milk and we still think that it was so rich and perfect. Thank you for sharing your recipe. We definately will be making this over the holidays!!!


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There are only three games left in this NFL season, which on the surface is a sad thing (how did this season go by so fast??!?), but luckily for football fans, the two games this weekend are setting up to be a couple fantastic match-ups. The four remaining teams in the postseason – the Denver Broncos, New England Patriots, Seattle Seahawks and San Francisco 49ers – each finished with 12 or more wins and are considered by football experts to truly be the four best teams in the NFL this season.
While being the best team is obviously important to having a awesome conference championship weekend, it's all the additional story-lines and rivalries that are setting this weekend up to be one of the greatest weekends of football in memory.
For the past decade, the debate has raged on across the NFL – who is better: Tom Brady or Peyton Manning? Whichever side you choose, there are plenty of good reasons why you are right. Manning has the huge numbers and more MVP awards; Brady has more championship rings and the most playoff wins in league history. I fall on the side of Tom Brady, although I am extremely biased due to the fact that I am a Patriots fan. However, for many people, this weekend's game between the Broncos and Patriots is the line drawn in the sand; whoever wins the game is the better quarterback and perhaps the greatest of all-time. Of course, that may be going a little overboard, but it has thrown gasoline on the fire of this QB rivalry, which is only adding to the anticipation of the game.
Tags: Sports Previews, NFL, football, playoffs
As we roll into 2014, we say farewell to all of the holiday-themed concerts that were so prevalent last month. Instead, it's time to start thinking about new tours, football, and a near-dead Broadway roster. (Just kidding about the last one, kind of.)
In concerts, the country music genre takes the reigns, with popular acts like George Strait and Florida Georgia Line kicking off their tours this year. Sports fans can check out the BCS National Championship Game (Florida State vs. Auburn) or any of the NFL playoffs. Lastly, in theater, three new shows will open up, including Beautiful: The Carole King Musical.
Here's our hand-picked list of the January's best live events in concerts, sports, and theater!
Luke Bryan: The country crooner's 2014 tour, That's My Kind of Night, is a follow-up to his 2013 Dirt Road Diaries tour. This one kicks off in Columbus, OH, Jan. 16 and continues well into 2014; it includes two special Madison Square Garden shows, on Jan. 25 and Sept. 12.
View Tickets »
George Strait: 2014 will mark the final act for George Strait's two-year finale tour. The Cowboy Rides Away will add 26 additional dates in 2014, beginning Jan. 9 in Bossier, City, LA. Special guests for the tour will include Jason Aldean, Eric Church, Sheryl Crow, Vince Gill, Merle Haggard, Miranda Lambert, and Martina McBride.
Florida Georgia Line: Following a successful 2013, Florida Georgia Line begins its tour Jan. 16 in Des Moines, IA. The shows — with Jason Aldean and Tyler Farr — go through March 15; from there, Florida Georgia Line continues its tour with other acts through May.
Tags: Monthly Event Previews
Christmas isn't for over a week, so is it too early to be thinking about New Years Eve? In some cases, maybe, but when it comes to New Years shows, you don't want to wait to get tickets.
This year, several artists and bands will stop by a certain city for brief stays of two to four days, while many others are scheduled to play on just New Years Eve. Here is a selection of just some of those acts who have multi-day runs:
The acts playing only on New Years Eve include the Dark Star Orchestra, Pitbull, Billy Joel, deadmau5, ZZ Top, The Avett Brothers, and Adam Lambert. Click here to see more bands and artists who are playing concerts on New Years Eve.
Tags: Concert News, Phish, Maroon 5, Willie Nelson
Holiday-themed events prevail in both concerts and theater. Shows like Jingle Ball and Holiday Pops are big names in concerts, while non-holiday shows include Billy Joel, Britney Spears, and Celine Dion.
Theater is relatively quiet in December, as several Broadway shows close. However, two holiday shows, A Christmas Story and Irving Berlin's White Christmas, will open this month. In sports, college bowl games start up at the end of December through 2014, and there are a few Christmas Day basketball games to choose from.
Jingle Ball: Although it seems like a lifetime ago when the Jingle Ball tickets went on sale, the of Jingle Ball jams are finally here! Miley Cyrus, Robin Thicke, Pitbull, Selena Gomez, and Fall Out Boy are some of the performers included at various shows.
Holiday Pops: Keith Lockhart, guest conductors and the Boston Pops are all part of the traditional holiday celebration, Holiday Pops at Boston Symphony Hall Dec. 4-24. Several other symphonies will host similar shows, including Philadelphia and Naples.
Britney Spears Las Vegas: It's not until the end of the month, but Britney Spears begins her highly-anticipated Las Vegas residency Dec. 27. "Britney: Piece of Me" will combine old and new songs from the pop princess for the ultimate Britney Spears experience.
With the winter holidays creeping up on us, so, too, will the holiday shows. This month, Christmas and winter-themed productions come in the form of theater shows like Elf and White Christmas and concerts like the Trans-Siberian Orchestra. In sports, November is the first full month in the NBA season, and there are several WWE events to choose from.
Justin Timberlake: The Justin Timberlake solo tour for "The 20/20 Experience" (parts 1 and 2) begins tonight. Throughout November, JT will visit cities like Brooklyn, Columbus, Memphis, and Vegas.
Mannheim Steamroller: 'Tis the season for holiday concerts like Mannheim Steamroller. The Christmas tour spans the holiday season from Nov. 2 through Dec. 29.
TSO: The famous rock opera begins its annual holiday tour Nov. 13 in Toledo, OH.
Tags: Monthly Event Previews, Justin Timberlake, Trans-Siberian Orchestra, holidays, Broadway, NFL, NHL, NBA
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