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Problem-based learning: description, advantages, disadvantages, scenarios and facilitation.
Problem-based learning arose out of educational initiatives in the 1960s and is often one of the most contentious issues within medical education. McMaster University in Canada was the first to implement problem-based learning on a large scale within medicine and this was soon followed by universities in Europe and Australia. In modern times, few western medical schools do not include at least some aspect of problem-based learning within their instructional itinerary, and many build their entire curriculum and instructional procedures around problem-based learning. This article provides an overview of problem-based learning within medical education, pertinent background, describes the characteristics of problem-based learning, its advantages and disadvantages, problem-based learning scenarios and facilitation.
Key Words: problem-based learning, facilitation, scenarios, medical education
Problem-based learning (PBL) arose out of educational initiatives in the 1960s that were primarily based on theoretical advances in behavioural psychology. Several researchers (1-3) successfully argued that learners who commenced learning by focusing on problems before attempting to understand underlying principles had equal or greater success than learners using a traditional approach whereby underlying principles are presented first and then applied to a specific problem.
PBL was initially developed and applied in a medical education context at McMaster University in Canada by Howard Barrows (4-6). Shortly thereafter, problem-based learning curricula were established in both Europe and Australia at Maastricht University and the University of newcastle (7). over the past 30 years numerous other medical schools within Australia and overseas have designed new medical courses, or redesigned existing medical courses, using the PBL approach. And, whereas PBL may not form the foundation of every medical course within the western world, almost all courses include at least some component of PBL. Individual specialists of anaesthesia and intensive care may have their own questions about PBL, what it is, its advantages and disadvantages, choosing PBL scenarios and the facilitation of PBL. This article seeks to provide an overall summary of these questions for those involved in the education of anaesthetists and intensive care specialists.
Much misunderstanding and confusion exists about PBL, largely because it is a broad term used to convey numerous concepts with different meanings. PBL has been defined as "active learning stimulated by, and focused round a clinical, community or scientific problem" (8). The key notion is that learning commences as a problem, query or question that the learner seeks to solve (9). PBL goes beyond merely providing an opportunity to problem solve to make problem solving the main reason for learning. In this regard, learners specifically identify and seek out the knowledge they themselves require to solve the problem (8). Herein lies the power of PBL because the learner is required to solve a specific problem whilst acquiring knowledge on how to solve similar problems. It is argued that it is this latter knowledge which becomes of greatest benefit in professional life as a practising anaesthetist or intensive care specialist. of the numerous definitions of PBL, most have four common elements:
1. learning objectives are translated into a problem,
2. successful solutions require an explanation, with a possible diagnosis and treatment options,
3. learners use small group discussions to analyse and understand the problem and potential solutions,
4. questions or issues that are not answered within small group discussion form the basis for further learning outside the group.
In 1987 international experts in the area of PBL from within and outside medical education gathered at a symposium at the Centre for Medical Education, the University of Dundee. one of the results of the symposium was an acronym identifying eight key features of PBL (10). The acronym was appropriately spelt "PROBLEMS".
The key units for studying relevant learning are problems.
Provision of adequate resources (e.g, instruction, peers, library, internet and other members of the health care team) allows self-learning to take place.
Learning objectives are planned by teachers but may have trainee input.
As a trainee's knowledge increases so their behaviour progressively evolves to become more like an expert.
Learning is active, trainee-directed and sometimes monitored by peers and facilitators.
Peers and facilitators facilitate use of higher order cognitive skills through the use of examples.
The PBL approach should be designed to stimulate interest in a topic and motivate learning.
Self-directed learning and self assessment:
Trainees are equipped with the tools to undertake self-directed learning and self-assessment once they graduate formal education to become lifelong learners. This is thought to be a potentially useful skill for anaesthesia and intensive care specialists whose clinical practice often occurs in isolation from their peers.
The popularity of PBL and its rapid widespread adoption by the medical community has arisen from several powerful advantages. These include (8):
1. Making curriculum content relevant by building learning around clinical, community or scientific problems.
2. Focusing learning on core information relevant to real scenarios and reducing information overload.
3. Fostering the development of valuable transferable skills useful throughout lifelong learning. These include leadership, teamwork and communication as well as problem solving.
4. Facilitating trainees becoming responsible for their own learning. This is an essential skill for medical specialists actively engaged in their own continuing professional development throughout their professional lives.
5. Increased motivation of trainees to learn by focusing the learning on 'real-life' scenarios.
6. Encouraging a deep rather than surface approach to learning by forcing trainees to interact with information on multiple levels and to a greater depth than traditional teaching approaches.
7. Using a constructional approach to learning whereby trainees construct new learning around their existing understanding. numerous researchers argue for the benefits of PBL (11-13).
Unfortunately no single education strategy is perfect for all educational situations and PBL has several significant disadvantages. These include (8):
1. The replacement of the traditional teacher role by the facilitator
which may make it difficult for trainees to emulate good teachers as role models.
2. Teaching faculty being required to facilitate learning rather than to directly impart their knowledge. This may be considered inefficient and, possibly, demotivating to faculty.
3. Knowledge acquired through PBL being less organized than knowledge acquired through traditional learning.
4. The difficulty of training facilitators and the scarcity of teaching faculty with the skills of facilitating rather than the skills of traditional teaching.
5. The time required of trainees to fully engage in PBL. This can be particularly problematic for time-poor faculty and trainees who are being asked to teach and learn within an increasingly crowded curriculum.
Additional disadvantages include the significant costs, resources and time required to train effective facilitators. PBL experts also point to concerns about the costs of implementing PBL programs, though note that other researchers argue that PBL is not necessarily more expensive than traditional educational approaches (14,15) and raise the issue of PBL not necessarily covering all areas within a medical topic (8).
The notable advantages and disadvantages described above make PBL a potentially useful strategy for the training of anaesthesia and intensive care specialists, but one which is unsuited to all situations or for the teaching of all relevant knowledge, skills and abilities. Additional comprehensive reviews of the research evidence for and against PBL have been published (16-18).
Within medical education a scenario is typically used to provide an example from which a trainee may learn. Such a scenario may be related to a clinical, scientific or community problem (19). Part of the rationale for this approach arose from a contrast of the medical reasoning skills of novices and experts. Research has shown that experts compare a novel scenario to real scenarios with which they are familiar (20). Much of an expert's diagnostic and reasoning efforts are focused on the similarities and differences of a novel case with known cases. Thus PBL offers the opportunity to provide trainees with scenarios that will be of use throughout their professional life. In this regard the choice of PBL scenario is pivotal for the ultimate effectiveness of the PBL experience.
Carefully structured problems ensure trainees cover appropriate knowledge, skills and abilities. In this regard the scenario has been described as either a 'peg' or 'growing web' (21). The peg is viewed as a convenient hook upon which to arrange acquired knowledge whereas the growing web uses the problem as a focus for acquired practical understanding. The most effective problem scenarios exhibit several characteristics (22). The problem should:
1. Address one or more learning outcomes relevant to the trainee.
2. Facilitate trainees activating their prior learning and building upon existing knowledge.
3. Be consistent with the stage of learning at which a trainee is located at any given time.
4. Motivate trainees and, ideally, be relevant to the current or future practice of trainees as anaesthetists or intensive care specialists.
5. Provide an overall clinical context in which new knowledge is placed.
6. Stimulate trainee thought and discussion, provide guidance and encourage trainees to actively seek solutions.
7. Phrase an open-ended problem to facilitate discussion and explanation (i.e., closed problems with limited scope should be avoided).
8. Promote trainees to become actively involved in the pursuit of solutions using available resources including peers, instructors, members of the medical team, literature and the Internet.
Wherever possible, PBL scenarios should be based on real patients, or composites of real patients, in order to ensure trainees appreciate that they may encounter the same or similar problems in practice. Furthermore, the use of actual patients allows the designers of PBL scenarios to incorporate deidentified laboratory results, X-rays, scans and pathological materials (7). When choosing a scenario, designers should consider what topic area experts believe should be taught and the prevalence, severity, magnitude, treatability and intervention effectiveness (7,23).
Beyond the PBL scenario the single greatest factor that influences the success of a PBL program is the facilitatory skill, knowledge and ability of the teacher. Such is the importance of facilitation that, within PBL, the teacher is usually referred to as the 'facilitator'. The facilitator monitors and stimulates the PBL process by posing leading questions, challenging trainee thinking, and raising facts or issues relevant to the problem. In this regard, the facilitator is a guide who assists trainees develop the necessary skills in reasoning, hypothesis design and testing, study and self-evaluation (4). Facilitator competence must include (8) the facilitation of small group learning; a comprehensive understanding of the PBL program such that the facilitator can relate immediate and future learning opportunities to the PBL scenario and guide trainees to these opportunities; and a global understanding of the overall educational curriculum so that the facilitator can place discrete problems within the global educational experiences of the trainee. The abilities of facilitators to establish effective two-way communication with trainees, empathy and an open and trusting atmosphere have also been shown to be important (24).
There is considerable debate about the importance of the facilitator being a content area expert. Some argue that a content area expert is more likely to give trainees answers or revert to a traditional teaching approach. Conversely a facilitator who is not a content area expert must rely solely on his or her facilitatory ability and is forced to behave in a way that sees trainees develop their own solutions. However, whereas the extent to which a facilitator is required to be a content expert is a matter of some debate within the literature, all PBL specialists agree that adequate training in the role of facilitator is essential for the success of a problem-based learning program. on balance, the best facilitator is probably a content area expert, who is fully familiar with the medical curriculum being taught, and has been appropriately trained in facilitation. Such a facilitator would be ideally placed to be able to limit the extent to which they provide solutions for trainees, in keeping with the underlying principle of PBL, yet able to provide the minimal level of clinical structure necessary for trainees to obtain optimal benefit from PBL (25,26). Certainly (and as mentioned above) few faculty are trained in the role of PBL facilitation and many are most comfortable with the more traditional role of information provider typified in traditional clinical teaching and lectures (8). However, adequate training in facilitation is essential for the success of PBL (7) and several successful approaches to faculty development have been documented specifically for PBL (27,28).
Accepted for publication on May 15, 2006.
(1.) Foord M. inductive versus deductive methods of teaching area by programmed instruction. Educational Rev 1964; 16:130136.
(2.) Gagne RM, Brown LT. Some factors in the programming of conceptual learning. Exp Psychol 1975; 66:325-331.
(3.) Markle SM. Good frames and bad: a grammar of frame writing. John Wiley and Sons, new York 1964.
(4.) Barrows HS, Tamblyn RM. An evaluation of problem-based learning in small groups utilising a simulated patient. J Med Edu 1976; 51:52-54.
(5.) Barrows HS. How to design a problem-based curriculum for pre-clinical years. Springer, new York 1985.
(6.) neufeld VR, Barrows HS. The "McMaster philosophy": an approach to medical education. J Med Edu 1974; 49:10401050.
(7.) Barrows HS. Problem-based learning applied to medical education. Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield Illinois 2000.
(8.) Davis MH, Harden RM. AMEE medical education guide no. 15: problem-based learning: a practical guide. Medical Teacher 1999; 21:130-140.
(9.) Charlin B, Mann K, Hansen P. The many faces of problem-based learning: a framework for understanding and comparison. Medical Teacher 1998; 20:323-330.
(10.) Walton HJ, Matthews MB. Essentials of problem-based learning. Medical Education 1989; 23:539-558.
(11.) Schmidt HG, Machiels-Bongaerts M, Hermans H, tenCate TJ, Venekamp R, Boshuizen HP. The development of diagnostic competence: comparison of a problem-based, an integrated, and a conventional medical curriculum. Acad Med 1996; 71:658-664.
(12.) Shin JH, Haynes RN, Johnston ME. Effect of problem-based, self-directed undergraduate education on life-long learning. Can Med Edu J 1993; 148:969-976.
(13.) Westberg J, Jason H. Collaborative clinical education: the foundation of effective health care. Springer, new York 1993.
(14.) nieuwenhuijzen-Kruseman AC, Kolle LF, Scherpbier AJ. Problem-based learning at Maastricht: an assessment of cost and outcome. Education for Health 1997; 10:179-187.
(15.) Sefton AJ. From a traditional to a problem-based curriculum: estimating staff time and resources. Education for Health 1997; 10:165-178.
(16.) Albanese MA, Mitchell S. Problem-bases learning: a review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues. Acad Med 1993; 68:52-81.
(17.) Berkson L. Problem-based learning: have the expectations been met? Acad Med 1993; 68:S79-S88.
(18.) Veron DT, Blake RL. Does problem-based learning work? A meta-analysis of evaluative research. Acad Med 1993; 68:550563.
(19.) Harden RM, Davis MH. The continuum of problem-based learning. Medical Teacher 1998; 20:317-322.
(20.) Bordage G, Lemieux M. Semantic structures and diagnostic thinking of experts and novices. Acad Med 1991; 66:S70-S72.
(21.) Margetson D. What counts as problem-based learning? Education for Health 1998; 11:193-201.
(22.) Dolmans D, Snellen-Balendong H, Wolfhagen I, van der Vleuten C. Seven principles of effective case design for a problem-based curriculum. Medical Teacher 1997; 19:185-189.
(23.) MacDonald PJ. Selection of health problems for a problem-based curriculum. In D Boud and G Feletti. The challenge of problem-based learning. Kogan Page, London 1991.
(24.) Schmidt HG, Moust JH. What makes a tutor effective? A structural-equations modelling approach to learning in problem based curricula. Acad Med 1995; 70:708-714.
(25.) Davis WK, nairn R, Paine ME, Anderson RM, oh MS. Effects of expert and non-expert facilitators on the small group process and on student performance. Acad Med 1992; 67:470-474.
(26.) Schmidt HG. Resolving inconsistencies in tutor expertise research: does lack of structure cause students to seek tutor guidance? Acad Med 1994; 69:656-662.
(27.) Barrows HS. The tutorial process. Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield Illinois 1988.
(28.) Irby DM. Models of faculty development for problem-based learning. Advances in Health Sciences Education 1996; 1:6981.
Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
* B.Sc., Dip.Ed., B.Ed (Hons)., Ph.D., Director of Education.
Address for reprints: Dr R. W. Jones, Australian and new Zealand College of Anaesthetists, ANZCA House, 630 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004.
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Rainbow Winters is a womenswear label set up by Amy Winters in 2010. Collections fuse fashion and technology to bring clothing using interactive textiles which change colour and pattern in response to sound, sunlight, water & stretch.

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text: I am excited about being able to tutor students of all ages! My specialties include general computer operation, browser help, internet security, and graphic program applications. Please view my list of accredited subjects. I can also tutor in photography, video including production techniques and computer editing to DVD or YouTube or embedded on web sites. Put my experience with web sites... read more


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20 Plus-Size Evening Gowns for Your Next Black Tie Event
It's bound to happen. One day you'll be invited to a black-tie event and feel like you have nothing to wear. As a plus-size woman, this always seems to be the case, doesn't it? We feel like we don't have many fashion options. I'm here to tell you that's not true. We have a pretty good selection of plus-size evening gowns out there!
Whether you want to buy or rent, you should invest your hard earned cash in a gown that works for you. Yes, I said rent! Rent the Runway now carries plus sizes. This is a great option for you to wear that designer gown without having to pay the hefty price tag. Or you can purchase one and wear it out to your heart's content. It's up to you!
I created a gallery below of 20 of my favorite plus-size evening gowns. Do you love lace and sequins, or are you a simply chic kind of fashionista? From elegantly understated to dramatically luxe, there's a dress for everyone. I warn you, you just might fall in love.
Who's your favorite plus-size evening wear designer?
Carmen Marc Valvo Couture Ruffle Gown 1 of 20
Wow them in red! This gorgeous gown makes a statement with a dramatic ruffle.
Lauren Woman Scoop-Back Sequined Gown 2 of 20
I've never met a sequin I didn't like. I'm including this dazzler with a high slit.
Tadashi Shoji Sequin and Tulle Ball Gown 3 of 20
Tulle and sequins are a girl's best friend. I love the dramatic draping on this gown.
Badgley Mischka Rolling In The Glitz Gown 4 of 20
Who doesn't want to be dripping in gold and sequins? This dress demands attention.
Adrianna Papell Short-Sleeve Illusion Lace Pleat Gown 5 of 20
This gown's draping is stunning, and I appreciate the small touch of lace.
Monif C. Tracy Cutout Maxi Dress 6 of 20
Dare to show a little bit of skin with this show stopper!
Adrianna Papell Beaded Illusion Gown 7 of 20
Elegance doesn't even begin to describe this gorgeous gown, complete with cascading beads and sequins.
Tadashi Shoji Lace Boatneck 3/4 Sleeve Gown 8 of 20
Rock it in red! This is one of my favorite gowns. I'm a sucker for red lace.
Lauren Woman Sequined-Mesh Jersey Gown 9 of 20
This gown is simply chic with a touch of dazzle. When in doubt, wear a touch of sequins.
Badgley Mischka Go For It Gown 10 of 20
Emerald is the year's hottest color. This beauty will make them stare!
Adrianna Papell Scalloped Lace Gown 11 of 20
This navy delight is covered head to toe in lace, with a V-back and slit.
Kiyonna Screen Siren Lace Gown 12 of 20
Another head-to-toe lace gown, perfect for an effortlessly sexy evening look.
Tadashi Sjoji Paillette Embroidered Lace Off Shoulder Gown 13 of 20
You'll shimmer in this divine sequin and lace gown.
IGIGI Lakshmi Beaded Plus Size Gown 14 of 20
Elegant and unique, this gown sparkles with gold sequins and chocolate tulle.
Tadashi Shoji Tulle Draped Cap Sleeve Gown 15 of 20
This gown was made for the goddess that you are. Just look at that draped bodice!
Badgley Mischka Noir Bow Peplum Gown 16 of 20
Understated and chic, this gown is divine! Add a statement necklace and cocktail ring, and you're good to go!
Adrianna Papell Plus Sequin Cap Sleeved Gown 17 of 20
This vintage-inspired and sequin-covered gown will leave them speechless.
Tadashi Shoji Paillette Embroidered Lace V-Neck Gown 18 of 20
They won't be able to keep their off you in this navy number.
Tadashi Shoji Draped Metallic Tulle Gown 19 of 20
I find this gown to be not only a curve-hugger, but a game-changer.
David's Bridal Sleeveless Chiffon Dress with Beaded Illusion Neck 20 of 20
Make a glamorous entrance in this red hot gown.


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Free attraction right in Cornelius!
Who needs to go to a corn maze this fall when you have the Exit 28barrel maze right here in Cornelius for free! read more about Free attraction right in Cornelius!
Who needs to go to a corn maze this fall when you have the Exit 28barrel maze right here in Cornelius for free! read more about Free attraction right in Cornelius!
Every day, my neighbor's children drive off from their parents' house and honk their car horns. Sometimes they go around the block so that they can repeat the honking. I wish they would exercise consideration for neighbors and reserve the use of car horns for their original intention, preventing… read more about Honk elsewhere, please
To the gals that work out at Gold's Gym. Yes, your breast implants are beautiful and we can all see them. Now you went and supersized them. How about covering your new real estate up? And we thought McDonalds was the only place to supersize. read more about How about covering your new real estate up
Seriously, is there an idiot out there who believed that Exit 28 would be completed on time? We should know by now that any completion dates for public projects, especially for DOT projects, are meant to appease the public. They aren't going to happen! read more about They aren't going to happen!
Articles touting higher high school graduation rates need to factor the following: Required credits lowered from 32 to 24 and if test scores too low, you take over. Most articles on this are disingenuous to say the least since these changes aren't mentioned. Dumbing down continues in the schools! read more about Dumbing down continues in the schools
What propaganda about recent graduation rates at local high schools. No wonder! They ran me off? MA in English ... gave my job to a reading teacher for ninth grade. After I failed 12 rich lazy seniors, the principal passed them anyway. My job teaching honors/advanced seniors went to uncertified… read more about Rates are up, but diplomas are free
I appreciate the long article on discrimination in west Davidson and the space it gave to Mr. Brice's careful detailing of the actual record of town services there. The Davidson administration surely realizes that some in west Davidson will always have a grievance, will remain unappeased, will… read more about West Davidson will always have a grievance
Peeved that Mecklenburg County Commissioners, including our own Karen Bentley, are trying to ban tobacco from all county property in an effort to save lives while ignoring other heart disease-linked behaviors like obesity and unhealthy diets. Why not ban all unhealthy behaviors from county property? read more about Why not ban all unhealthy behaviors from county property?
I appreciate that bicyclists love their sport and respect their right to share the roads. In our area, the rural roads are often narrow, two lanes with winding curves and hills, making it impossible for automobiles to safely pass a group of bicycle riders and leaving cars trailing behind the pack… read more about Bicycle riders - extend the courtesy
Have they poured enough cement for the Diverging Diamond at Exit 28? I have traveled to every state in the great USA. You do not see cement medians! Also, I think the NCDOT missed the geometry class on hypotenuses. Straightest line is the most direct route. Even a marathon runner will clip a mm off… read more about Only in Cornelius!!
We all have places to go and things to do. Yes, this diamond interchange at Exit 28 is a royal pain. For now anyway. People, quit blocking the bloomin' intersections. It's the law first and foremost. Emergency vehicles can't get through (I witnessed that one). Others can't turn or go straight if… read more about We all have places to go and things to do
Is anyone else fed up with medical software? Why is it that every time you make an appointment with a doctor office they have to ask your age? Why couldn't they use the last four digits of your social? Very hard to tell your birth date when you are at work or in public. That is extremely personal… read more about Must have been a man that wrote that software
I am amazed at the number of single-occupancy vehicles that pass me in the HOV lane on I-77 South. Does anyone ever monitor this? read more about Does anyone ever monitor this?
I now have a better understanding of the events in Ferguson, after dealing with an illegal parking problem with the Davidson Police Department. It seems that it is OK to park on Bailey Springs Road unless you are a student. The officer's explanation: it's OK if you are only breaking the law a… read more about I now have a better understanding of the events in Ferguson
Bridge over I-77 at Exit 28. It easy for those responsible for the construction to blame this mess on traffic on the "budget." Of course, this hell of traffic is directly related to lack of good planning!!! Just wait for none of my vote to you guys. read more about Just wait for none of my vote to you guys
My pet peeve is the citizen who moves to a politically conservative state like North Carolina from a liberal state to escape high taxes and big, oppressive government that robs him of his liberties, and then votes for liberal Democrat politicians whose policies raise his taxes and rob him of his… read more about My pet peeve is...
I am confused by the decisions of the Davidson town leaders. They want to ease the flow of traffic on Main Street, the town's commercial area, and reroute it into the residential areas of Potts-Sloan-Beaty. Potts and Sloan seem too small to handle this traffic and Beaty already has enough traffic… read more about Davidson town leaders: I am confused
I am peeved over an apparent total lack of enforcement of traffic signs on West Catawba Avenue approaching the Exit 28 construction site. Signs indicate that all traffic in the left lane MUST TURN LEFT. Despite these signs having been up for awhile, most vehicles in the left lane pass up the longer… read more about Signs indicate that all traffic in the left lane MUST TURN LEFT...
What has become of the dog park at Ramsey Creek Park?Shame on the town for not keeping it manicured. Shame on dog owners for not picking up after their dogs. Of course, it's hard to find and pick a pile clean in a tall field or without baggies people have become accustomed to, but mostly shame on… read more about What has become of the dog park at Ramsey Creek Park?
I am confused by the decisions of the Davidson town leaders. They want to ease the flow of traffic on Main Street and reroute it into the residential areas of Potts-Sloan-Beaty. Potts and Sloan seem too small to handle this traffic and Beaty already has enough traffic issues especially when school… read more about Confused by the decisions of the Davidson town leaders
Why on earth would the new Cornelius police boat be harassing boats coming in and out of Port City Club, a business that depends on part of its revenue coming in by boat? If nothing else, wait out by the no wake zone to stalk your prey and quit scaring the customers that want to take a nice boat… read more about If nothing else, wait out by the no wake zone to stalk your prey
NCDOT and Blythe could take a lot of lessons from CalTrans. Send some of these jokers out there to learn how to build roads and bridges. I watched CalTrans take down a four-lane overpass on a major freeway in one night. One night! I didn't see anyone working on Exit 28 this weekend. read more about NCDOT and Blythe could take a lot of lessons from CalTrans
After the neighbor's house burned, a solution to finding houses on this street was to change the street name. Today, on one end of Country Club Lane, the street sign says Sandy Shores Drive, but on the other end: Sandy Shore Lane. I warned Cornelius that a Sandy Shores existed in Bahia Bay!!!! Now,… read more about Now, everyone is LOST!
I do understand why the construction above the I-77 at Exit 28 is taking so long. It is because there are no people working full-time there. I have pictures of beautiful days and no one is working. At night when I travel though that bridge, I see a few workers. One is working another three or four… read more about It is going to be a hell!!!!!!!!
Looks like we are getting a toll road right or wrong. The latest studies report that traffic will increase, not decrease. Oh, and no one can even estimate the cost of the toll. That's a red flag. Along with forgetting how to build cars and appliances and outboard motors, I guess we also forgot how… read more about It seems to me that it would be much cheaper...


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CASTRO VALLEY — Eden Township Healthcare District is holding an open house Wednesday, Feb. 5, for its new Eden Medical Office Building.
The open house will be 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. at 20400 Lake Chabot Road.
CASTRO VALLEY — Eden Township Healthcare District is holding an open house Wednesday, Feb. 5, for its new Eden Medical Office Building.
The open house will be 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. at 20400 Lake Chabot Road.
Hi. Sorry to be away for so long. Illness plus technical difficulties were not a good combination.
A few updates: Two candidates in the Hayward mayor's race — Mark Salinas and Francisco Zermeno — both have been busy, hosting community events, raising money, attending just about every local gathering. I haven't seen as much from Barbara Halliday, but that doesn't mean she's not connecting with voters; she doesn't seem to use social media as much as the other two. All three have a lot of connections in the community.
I have been hearing rumors that two others will enter the race to replace longtime Mayor Michael Sweeney, who has announced his retirement at the end of June. But no names have been attached.
One guy did stop by the Daily Review office and said he was running for mayor. I won't give his name, because he didn't speak to me; I only overheard him as he was flirting with our office manager. We do get some interesting characters wandering in off Foothill.
Salinas' council seat will be up for grabs. Councilman Marvin Peixoto has announced he plans to run for re-election.
Meanwhile, Hayward Unified Trustee William McGee has set up a website for his re-election and to keep the community informed. His and Trustee Lisa Brunner's terms expire next year; Brunner has not announced whether she will seek re-election.
The city of Hayward also is looking at a ballot measure to pay for a new main library and two fire stations, and possibly more upgrades and services. A series of meetings and outreach are planned, beginning next month.
The Hayward school district is talking about another bond measure to replace more of the district's aging schools, but no date has been set.
Alameda County is looking at asking voters to extend Measure A, a half-cent sales tax set to expire in 2019. It helps fund medical services to the county's low-income residents, but some have complained that too much of the money currently goes to Highland Hospital or is at the discretion of the county Board of Supervisors and subject to political maneuverings. Without it, services will be drastically cut, advocates say. But it was approved in much better economic times, 2004.
Oh, and remember Measure B-1, the proposal that would double the county sales tax for transportation from a half-cent to a full cent that was narrowly defeated in 2012? It will be back on the ballot in November, though with a 30-year time limit (the previous proposal had no time limit).
These are just a few local measures being considered; statewide ones could also be on the ballot. With all the competing interests asking voters to open their wallets, there is concern it will be overwhelming and voters will just say no to all.
HAYWARD — The City Council on Tuesday put restrictions on free outdoor feedings downtown, limiting them to once a month at city parks.
The rules cover Portuguese Park and other city-owned properties. Portuguese Park has been the site of two or more food handouts daily to 50 to 100 people, which neighbors say has resulted in thefts, vandalism and trash in the area, plus people relieving themselves in the park and the area.
At the Daily Review office on Foothill a few blocks away, we've seen some of the problems neighbors describe, though to a lesser extent. We have had people defecating near a dumpster behind our office. We've come to work in the morning walking past people sleeping in corners. We've had to call the police because of mentally unstable people going off and trying to smash things as they stagger along Foothill, where traffic zips by at 40 to 50 mph. We've been accosted and intimidated in the municipal parking lot behind our office.
The problems in downtown Hayward are real. These are problems the city has been grappling with for years, yet they only seems to intensify.
City staff members and council members are quick to point out that the new restrictions aren't intended to address homelessness, or hunger, but to make downtown safer and to regulate what occurs on city property.
What do you suggest be done? Everyone seems to be sympathetic and compassionate, but long-term solutions remain elusive. I'd love to hear what others think.
HAYWARD — Nina's Bode, a boutique on B Street downtown, is hosting a fashion show Saturday, Oct. 19, to raise funds for Eden I&R (2-1-1).
Eden I&R is a nonprofit agency that connects people with services available to them. It's the only centralized source for health, housing, and human services information exists anywhere else in Alameda County.
According to its website, it serves thousands of at-risk individuals, including youth, non-English speakers, the economically disadvantaged, people living with HIV/AIDS, domestic violence survivors, the elderly, disabled, the homeless, and human service agencies seeking services or housing for their clients.
The fundraiser, entitled "The Gift of Giving," begins at Nina's Bode, 1037 B St., with appetizers at 6 p.m., followed by the fashion show at 7 p.m. Tickets are $50 and may be purchased at the boutique, 510-537-3900.
HAYWARD — In April, 30 volunteers handed out free copies of the book "The Language of Flowers" in Hayward to people who don't normally read as part of World Book Night. On Saturday, Aug. 17, the book's author will give a free talk at Hayward City Hall.
"Language of Flowers" by Vanessa Diffenbaugh is about Victoria, 18, who has aged out of the foster care system. She sleeps in a San Francisco park, where she plants a garden. The discovery of her garden leads to discoveries of herself.
In addition to sharing the book, Hayward Library's Book-to-Action program focused on raising awareness about foster youth. The program connects reading a book with a civic engagement project.
Volunteers let the community know about Bay Area and national organizations that help foster youth, including The Camellia Network (co-founded by Diffenbaugh), Hayward-based Bay Area Youth Centers, Beyond Emancipation, First Place for Youth, Alameda County Court Appointed Special Advocates for Children (CASA), and Adopt a Special Kid, according to a release.
Representatives of those groups will be at Diffenbaugh's talk, which begins at 2 p.m. in Hayward Council Chambers, 777 B St.
Those interested in becoming a World Book Night book giver next year can sign up for the WBN mailing list at http://www.worldbooknight.org/ .
The Aug. 17 event is sponsored by the Hayward Public Library, the Friends of the Hayward Library, and the Book Shop on B Street. For more information, call 510-881-7700, email firstname.lastname@example.com or visit http://library.hayward-ca.gov
HAYWARD — Famous Dave's is close to opening at Southland Mall. A sign in front says it's opening July 22. There's also a sign indicating the barbecue chain is hiring.
Famous Dave's is moving into the old Marie Callendar's building facing Winton Avenue that has been vacant for some time. The barbecue restaurant was serving up food at the recent downtown street fair.
And in downtown Hayward on Foothill Boulevard between A and B streets, a Filipino restaurant is opening at the former crepes restaurant. I haven't seen a sign showing when it will open.
The consignment shop at A and Foothill is closing. It's started a going out of business sale. Meanwhile, a few doors down, Dollar Tree has been open for awhile.
The Zumba place that was on Foothill in the same block as the consignment shop and Dollar Tree has moved to B Street next to Eden Jewelry, near Mission Boulevard.
Avocado Freddy's is scheduled to reopen July 26. It's on Main Street near the Jackson-Mission-Foothill intersection (the building was formerly a Kentucky Fried Chicken outlet) and close to Bret Harte Middle School and St. Regis Retirement Center Avocado Freddy's is offering some specials with its reopening; check its website for details.
If you hear of other places opening (and yes, closing, sadly), please share. Thanks!
CASTRO VALLEY -- Seniors are often targeted in scams. To help them become more aware of current frauds, Assemblyman Bill Quirk and the Contractors State License Board are holding a free Senior Scam Stopper event Friday, June 21.
Those attending will get information on frauds in home repair, auto repair, telecommunications, identify theft, Medicare and other topics. Seniors are not the only ones who should be aware of potential scams; the free session is open to all.
It takes place from 1 to 3 p.m. at the Kenneth Aitken Senior Center, 17800 Redwood Road, Castro Valley. Call 520-583-8818 for reservation.
HAYWARD — Cal State East Bay graduate students will share some of what they've learned about the area's colorful history on Thursday, May 16.
The presentations include:
– Michael Burton, "Port Costa: Sustaining an Unlikely Coastal California Boomtown, 1879-1909;"
– Edwin Contreras, "Mexican Land Grants: The Case of Don Castro's Rancho San Lorenzo;"
– Olga Kachina, "How Global History Became Local: The Memory of the 1918 Izhevsk-Votkinsk Anti-Bolshevik Uprising as It Is Preserved in California;"
– Andrew Levin, "BART: The Backbone for Who?"
– Bria Reiniger, "Salt of the Hayward Shoreline: The Oliver Salt Company;"
– Carlotta Falzone Robinson, "Designing a Unified City: The Aesthetic Ideals of the 1915 Panama Pacific Exposition."
The free talks begin at 5:30 p.m. at the Pancho Villa Event Center, 1026 B St. The event is a collaboration of the Hayward Area Historical Society, the History Department at Cal State East Bay and the Pancho Villa Event Center.
HAYWARD — Sorry this is last-minute, but there's a free art exhibit at Westminster Hills Outreach Center on Friday, May 3. It runs until 9 p.m.
The exhibit, called PLAY, is composed of repurposed and refreshed children's toys and games, designed to reminder viewers of their own playful days.
There will be a reception for the artists from 5 to 9 p.m. at the center, 27287 Patrick Ave.
The exhibit is free, but items from the Homeless Angels' on-site art and gift store will be available for purchase. Prices range from $5 to $25. The Homeless Angels project works to eliminate obstacles to self-sufficiency.
For more information, go to www.southhaywardparish.org/hcan.
HAYWARD — Police officers are volunteering as celebrity waiters and waitresses at Tip-a-Cop at Applebee's from 6 to 9 p.m. Thursday, May 16.
The tips they receive will go toward the Special Olympics of Northern California.
Applebee's is at 24041 Southland Drive.


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Apata / Aerocool Merger
06 November 2013
Media Release Wed 06 Nov 2013. APATA AND AEROCOOL TO MERGE Special General Meetings were held yesterday for Apata and Aerocool shareholders respectively to vote on the merge of the companies. Overwhelming support was shown at each meeting with 99.8% votes from Apata & 95.2% from Aerocool. Managing Director Stuart Weston said " the Boards... Read More
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Leaking gaskets around the tail lights can allow water entry into the tail light assembly. New gaskets should fix this concern.
Problems for specific Honda models:
Car problem reports
Problem with your car? See what our experts say or submit your own.
Most reported Honda problems
Temperature Knob May Break
The temperature control knob may break, requiring replacement.
Various Automatic Transmission Issues May Develop
Erratic operation of the transmission, which may or may not be accompanied by illumination of dashboard warning lights, would indicate internal transmission faults. Replacement of the transmission is generally required to correct this issue.
Plugged Moon Roof Drains May Cause Water Leak
Plugged moon roof drains can cause a water leak inside the car. The water will usually leak onto the driver's or passenger's head when the car turns a corner.
Problems Shifting Into 3rd Gear
Some models have shift quality problems when shifting into third gear. A new "third gear set" from Honda will address this issue.
SRS Light Due to Faulty Wire Harness For Seat Belts
On some models a faulty wire harness for the seat belts can cause the SRS light to illuminate. Replacing the faulty wire harness should correct this issue.
Water Leak Due to Poor Seal at Side Marker Wire Harness
On certain models a leaking side marker light wire harness can cause a water leak inside the vehicle. Resealing the wire harness where it goes through the body into the cabin area should stop the leak.
Vibration Caused By Failed Rear Engine Mount
A rear engine mount that is broken can cause an engine vibration felt in the vehicle. Replacing the failed mount will repair this problem.
Check Engine Light Due to Clogged EGR Ports/Deterioration in Catalytic Converter
A Check Engine Light may illuminate if the EGR ports have clogged or if the catalyst inside the catalytic converter has deteriorated.
Tailgate Light on Dash May Filcker
A maladjusted tailgate or tailgate switch can cause the rear tailgate light on the dash to flicker when driving. Adjusting the door and or switch will address this concern.
Airbag Light Due to Failed Occupant Position Sensor
The airbag warning light (SRS) may illuminate due to a defective occupant position sensor. Honda has a recall campaign to replace defective sensors on affected cars.
Harsh Shifting of Automatic Transmission
The shift control solenoid externally mounted on the automatic transmission (non CVT) can fail and causes a harsh 1-2 shift. Replacing the shift solenoid and flushing the transmission with genuine Honda automatic transmission fluid may eliminate harsh shifting characteristics. A broken internal spring can cause the same issue. If the shift control solenoid does not repair the problem, the transmission will have to be replaced.
Manual Sliding Door Issues
Manual sliding doors will stick or not open easily due to the door seal sealing too well. Sometimes this can cause the door handle to break when trying to open the door. Replacing the door seal with an updated seal from Honda will repair this issue.
Low Beams Not Working Due to Poor Connection at Combination Switch
An overheated wire in the head light harness can cause the low beams not to work. Replacing combination light/turn signal switch switch, the wire for the low beams, and the combination switch connector (if damaged) should repair this issue.
Map light dose not turn on when opening door
Map light will not turn on when opening drivers or passengers door. Caused by a faulty door switch. Requires replacement of door switch on side of non operation.


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Dear VMware,
We read yesterday of your acquisition of DynamicOps – our neighbor here in the northeast – and their heterogeneous provisioning solution. And, while we can't fault you for a little mid-summer shopping, the positioning was.. dare we say… unexpected.
After years of commitment to dreams of a VMware only world – with nary a physical box or unix environment in sight, let alone competing hypervisors or Amazon clouds – you seem to be embracing the realities of IT environments. And well played – pretending this unexpected splash of ice water interrupting your reverie was always part of the master plan. We always know about reality, you seem to say, but wanted the world to share in our dream.
Welcome to real life. We've been there for a while. In fact, given that you're new to this "whole datacenter" thing, let's talk through a few things we've learned over the years:
- The whole datacenter isn't run by a vmware administrator. It's run by a team of people, some of whom could care less about the hypervisor. Networks teams and operational people and storage groups and security guys. Time to make some new friends – friends, who have been happily partnering with systems management vendors for years. Systems management vendors who have invested, for years, in their needs.
- There's more to life than provisioning. By the eerily familiar messaging in your operations product suite, you seem to have accepted that on the vSphere side. Now pull out those product roadmaps and start prioritizing capacity management and performance management and security and configuration management and compliance and chargeback and service management on all those supported platforms.
- Bring some commitment to the game. A relatively small acquisition does not heterogeneity make. Our customers – your targets, presumably – want to see deep platform support. Bare metal provisioning on AIX machines. Performance management on Amazon. Capacity utilization comparisons of every platform you can dream up. The questions they ask – and the RFPs they write – they are no joke. Production heterogeneous clouds aren't built on PR.
Welcome to the real world. We've got a 3-5 year head start. Hope you're warmed up – it's going to be a long, hard, and frustrating race.


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Engines made by Vanguard will power Billy Goat's new debris loader.
MILWUAKEE – Vanguard engines are being used in the newest debris loader from Billy Goat. The new Billy Goat DL 35 Series Professional Contractor/Municipal Electric Start Debris Loader comes powered by a Vanguard 35-horsepower air-cooled V-Twin BIG BLOCK engine.
"The Vanguard 35-HP air-cooled V-Twin Big Block engine is the proven industry standard for professionals who need a durable, dependable power source," said Dan Roche, marketing manager for Briggs & Stratton Commercial Power. "Vanguard had the power, performance and reliability Billy Goat needed to ensure its new debris loader could tackle the largest jobs without hesitation."
Vanguard's Advanced Debris Management System allows the engine to run cooler and cleaner to enhance durability and performance. The engine's V-Twin OHV Technology ensures lower emissions, better fuel economy and a higher horsepower-to-weight ratio.
3032E and 3038E are the newest additions to the compact utility tractor line.
Oxalic acid will target varroa mites, which are a threat to honeybee colonies.
Try these seven search engine optimization quick-fixes for your lawn care and landscaping website.
Charging for design work has its benefits.
ASLA found landscape architects expected native plants to have the highest consumer demand.


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To Learn More, Don't Study Harder — Take a Nap
While dreams are still largely a mystery, some scientists now believe they may actually help us learn.
While dreams are still largely a mystery, some scientists now believe they may actually help us learn.
Parents upset about the education their children are receiving at the Notre-Dame de Caderot school in southern France didn't merely hold meetings or complain to the school board.
Instead, they stormed the building and took several teachers and the school headmistress hostage.
A 9-year-old North Carolina boy was suspended from school after saying a teacher was "cute" — a remark the school principal called sexual harassment.
The latest numbers show about eight percent of American kids drop out of high school before graduating. Want to keep your kids from becoming a statistic? Then pay attention to how they do in the sixth grade.
In an effort to accommodate students with varying levels of advancement and in reaction to state budgetary cuts, at least 30 states in the US now let elementary and high school students take all their courses online.
According to Evergreen Education Group, a consulting firm that works with online schools, an estimated 250,000 students nationwide are enrolled in full-time virtual schools, a 40 percent increase in the last three years. And the International Association for K-12 Online Learning, a trade group, says two million kids take at least one class online.


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Donate for Super Group
If you'd like to help donate for a super group, as little or as much as possible, you can do so on my profile [here]
Donate for Super Group
If you'd like to help donate for a super group, as little or as much as possible, you can do so on my profile [here]
Princess Alise's Christmas CH1It's been several months since Alise was adopted by Princess Odette and Prince Derek and became a Princess. Ever since she was presented to all the people of Swan Lake as the new Princess of Swan Lake and as Odette and Derek's daughter she's always been in such a cheerful and happy mood, spending time with her new mother and father even with her grandmother; Queen Uberta, playing with the animals like Speed, Puffin, Jean-Bob and the Scullions, even getting tutored by Lord Rogers.Princess Alise's Christmas CH1 by montey4
Before she was adopted, she and her old father used to spend Christmas together singing carols under their tree, exchanging presents and playing in the snow.
This is going to be Alise's First Christmas as a Princess.
NOTE: There isn't going to be anyone trying to ruin Christmas in this story, Rothbart was good enough for Swan Princess Christmas!
December 23nd (Ornament Day) at Swan Lake:
The sun was rising greeting a beautiful white wintery morning. At the Castle in Swan Lake, Princess Alise, wak
Letter from OdetteFrom: Odette of Swan LakeLetter from Odette by JETFPLOVE
Hello everybody! I have heard that you wounderd a lot of things about me and my adventure with my friends and the love of my life, Derek...
So I have taken a break from my royal duties to answer you´re questions about everything going on in my life, and as you have seen, I have been through pretty much the latest years.
And I have gotten so much letters from peapole who wants to know for example, how does it feel being a swan, how I can talk with my animal friends, how sick I got when traveling along the sea to come to Derek...ugh, never forget the feeling...-_-
Anyway, ask out and I will replying as soon as possible, have fun and cheak out all the great art in the group, there are much to se so take you´re time and enjoy
To: The Club of Swan princess
Princess Alise's Christmas CH2December 24th (Christmas Eve)Princess Alise's Christmas CH2 by montey4
Its Christmas Eve at Swan Lake. Princess Alise woke up and rubbed her eyes. She got out of her bed and went to her dresser. Alise was feeling really excited to spend Christmas with her new family.
Puffin flew into her room. "Good Morning Alise" "Oh, Good morning, Puffin!" said Alise sweetly. "Your mother sent me to check on you, said Puffin, she told me that you fell asleep while you two were riding home from the Woodcutters Village" "Yes, I was feeling really sleepy but I was happy that all those people were happy to receive such good food and presents" "That's wonderful Lass" said Puffin. Alise picked out a Red Christmas Dress and some red flat slippers.
Suddenly there was a knock at the door. "Come In" said Alise. It was her loving Mother Odette. "Good Morning Alise!" said Odette, her arms were spread open. Alise ran up to Odette and hugged her. "Are you excited for Christmas, honey?" asked Odette. "Ohh Mommy I s
Princess Alise after A Royal Family TaleAlise was a little girl who lost her father in a fire that was caused by the forbidden arts. She was taken in by Princess Odette and Prince Derek who promises to her father that they'd take care of her. The following few days Alise was heartbroken and refused to speak to anyone in the castle including Odette and Derek who later become her new Mother and Father. Odette and her friends have been trying to make her feel better by doing tons of fun stuff like playing hide and seek, exploring the countryside and looking out at the mountains and more. Alise loved spending time with Odette that she was beginning to feel much better and more happier, she was even happy to meet Odette's Animal Friends, Speed, Puffin and Jean Bob. When Alise had a nightmare one night Odette sang her a sweet lullaby which made it easier for Alise to go back to sleep. Then the following day while Alise was playing hide and seek with Bridget, Odette & Derek decide to adopt her but then Alise gets kidnapped by a triPrincess Alise after A Royal Family Tale by montey4
Why the Swan Princess 2 is my fav over the othersI looked at the reviews on websites about the Swan Princess series and I checked which sequel was rated the least. Each of those sites said the Swan Princess 2 was the worst and there were negative things written about it. But in my opinion, that one was my favorite. I remember watching it seven times in a row in one day! Here are things that I loved about this film.Why the Swan Princess 2 is my fav over the others by TechnotronInfinity
The storyline: I liked how the storyline was put together. A new villain emerges and it threatens Derek's chance to spend time with Odette. I like that plot because it shows the reality of the marriage of a princess and a busy prince. And there was a kiss at the end! There couldn't be a story without that! They say the storyline was rushed but I think it was put together quite well. I liked how the characters each had their own problems as well.
The soundtracks: I liked the songs that were played in the film as well. Magic of Love was very calming to listen to. I can't get That's What You Do For a Friend out of my head. An
My Blogs from 2014Here is a list of my favorite films that i blogged this yearMy Blogs from 2014 by montey4
16)Nut Job
15)Rio 2
14)Earth to Echo
13)The Amazing Spider Man 2
12)Muppets Most Wanted
11)Planes: Fire & Rescue
10)Son Of God
9)Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return
8)Box Trolls
7)The Pirate Fairy
5)The Swan Princess: A Royal Family Tale
4)Book of Life
3)How To Train Your Dragon 2
2)Sofia The First: The Curse of Princess Ivy
1)Big Hero 6
Honorable Mentions:
Mr. Peabody & Sherman
Transformers: Age Of Extinction
Old Favorites:
1) Kingdom Hearts HD I.5 Remix
2) Oz The Great & Powerful
3) Hop
4) The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning
5) Pan's Labyrinth
6) Brave
7) Independence Day
8) The Thief Lord
9) The Land Before Time
10) Rock Of Ages
11) Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland
12) Nightmare on Elm Street (2010)
13) The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (2010)
14) The Princess & The Goblin
15) A Monster in Paris
16) The Fantastic Adventures of Unico/Unico in The Island of Magic
I finally did my Swan Princess cover!Better late never I suppose. I was too late to submit it to the youtube video contest but I still want all my fellow swan princess fans to see it! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3BnAQkONoE&list=UUVxl0KDkjCzgmMfpXVx12VgI finally did my Swan Princess cover! by SHANNON-CASSUL-LOVER
Founded 5 Years ago
Apr 15, 2010
Group Focus
Fan Club
448 Members
471 Watchers
48,281 Pageviews
Daily Pageviews
Well, I love that movie because 1, the arts 2, the story 3, the love 4, the songs 5, that I always wanted to be a swan
I hope that the group will grow and that it becomes more of other groups in this subject, because when I search for it I saw that it was just 3-4 groups that was about this, and this movie is so good, it deserves it
what I draw, well TFP and Creepy pasta
Age: 14 ; Birthday: 8 February
Appearance: brown hair, green eyes, white skin (look in my gallery)
Lives: Sweden
Favorite series: TFP, season 1,2 and 3
Hobbies: draw, fashion and TFP, watch movies
Favorite food: Sushi and tacos
|More Journal Entries


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Lawmaker wants (relatively) speedy exodus from BOE building
Another corroded pipe leaking toilet water. Another bill. Another study ordered up.
Must be the Board of Equalization headquarters.
Following yet another disgusting waste-water line leak, Assemblyman Roger Dickinson is pushing on two fronts to get state workers out of the troubled Downtown Sacramento high rise, although the best-case scenario for emptying out what has become a public money pit of epic proportions "would be measured in years, not months," he said.
On Tuesday, the Sacramento Democrat asked a joint committee of Assembly and Senate legislators for an audit of the facility and introduced legislation that would create a plan to move BOE's employees into a new facility.
"The state," Dickinson said in a telephone interview, "continues to dump a ton of money into it and we have employees feeling the health effects. It's putting the public at risk. My hope is that within three to five years at the outside we would have people in a new building."
The department's high-rise headquarters has a long history defects that have included mold, burst pipes, unreliable elevators, trace levels of toxic substances and falling exterior glass panels. Dickinson's office said the state faces a $30 million repair bill over the next few years to replace 2,000 pieces of exterior spandrel glass panels, test interior air quality, remove mold and fix those decaying waster-water pipes.
The latest episode of the building's sorry soggy saga occurred Jan. 31 when a leak was found in a women's restroom on the 6th floor of the 450 N St. building. Workers fixed the leak over two weekends after finding it came from a corroded waste-water pipe in the building's core.
Other waste lines have leaked before. A state-commissioned report says pipes carrying waste from the 24-story building's toilets, sinks and other waste-water sources weren't installed to code, lack ventilation and aren't properly sloped. Some sinks are being used for food preparation aren't designed for the purpose, the report says, while water and energy-conserving fixtures don't use enough water to keep the lines flushed.
The result, according to the report: "...corrosion damage has cascaded and spread throughout the drain and vent system."
State officials have discussed moving the 2,000 or so BOE workers out of the state-owned building into a new facility that would also house another 750 staff spread in various offices around the Sacramento region. Aside from the building's defects, the facility is too small, board officials have said.
Lawmakers have ordered up studies and offered up legislation in the past aimed at getting employees out of the building, but finances always have been an obstacle. BOE's lease payments to the state service tens of millions of dollars in bond debt on the facility that won't be retired until 2021. A BOE exodus would leave the building empty with no lessee for at least a couple years for remodeling and remediation.
Still, Dickinson said that he believes that there are solutions among more than two dozen BOE building proposals submitted by various developers and land owners last November and that his legislation would "identify the best course to make a move."
About This BlogJon Ortiz launched The State Worker blog in 2008 to cover state government from the perspective of California government employees. Every day he filters the news through a single question: "What does this mean for state workers?" Join Ortiz for updates and debate on state pay, benefits, pensions, contracts and jobs. Contact him at firstname.lastname@example.com or 916-321-1043. Twitter: @TheStateWorker.
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Join the Discussion
The Sacramento Bee is pleased to provide this opportunity to share information, experiences and observations about what's in the news. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere on the site or in the newspaper. We encourage lively, open debate on the issues of the day, and ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point. Thank you for taking the time to offer your thoughts.


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Book your room at Hôtel La Montagne
Please enter your travel dates.
Mountain ski retreat with a restaurant
Collect 200 points
Simply enter your Nectar card number when prompted. Your points will be credited 30 days after you return from your trip.*Offers may apply
Conveniently located near the slopes, this La Clusaz hotel is within the vicinity of Arvis Aquatic Park, La Clusaz Ski Resort, and Grand-Bornand Ski Lift. Local attractions also include Heritage Museum and Col des Aravis.
Hotel Features
After a day on the slopes, return to dine at the restaurant and drink at the bar/lounge. Additional amenities at Hôtel La Montagne include ski storage and ski passes.
Room Amenities
Televisions come with satellite channels. Guestrooms also feature complimentary wireless Internet access, desks, and hair dryers.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Have fun with onsite winter activities, including downhill skiing, cross-country skiing, and snowboarding. Conveniences like ski storage, skiing lessons, and ski equipment rentals allow you to spend less time with logistics and more time on the slopes. At the end of the day, order après-ski drinks at the hotel's bar.
The hotel offers a restaurant. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
- Ski passes available
- Fireplace in lobby
- Free WiFi
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Total number of rooms - 27
- Number of floors -
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Meeting rooms
- Restaurant
- Number of meeting rooms -
- Ski storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Room Amenities
- Bathtub or shower
- Free WiFi
- Daily housekeeping
- Balcony
- Phone
- Hair dryer
- Desk
- Private bathroom (not in room)
- Satellite TV service
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning.
Hôtel La Montagne has a restaurant on site.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Ski equipment rentals on site
- Ski lessons on site
- Cross-country skiing on site
- Downhill skiing on site
- Snowboarding on site
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-in time ends at 10 PM
Check-out time is 10 AM
Payment types
Pets allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- No onsite parking is available.
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.75 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 12 years of age.
- Fee for buffet breakfast: EUR 10 per person (approximately)
National Rating
This hotel has received its official star rating from the French Tourism Development Agency, ATOUT France.


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Latham Pool Cover??
I just got an estimate on a pool cover and the builder/installer said he uses a cover from Latham International. I've never heard of this cover and can't find much of anything on the web about it. Does anyone have any experience with this cover?
Thanks Scott. The bid seemed high to me. $3K for the cover and another $1K for the installation. My pool is a little bit of a challenge with the back wall and 5 columns to work around. He said we could price a different cover like Merlin or Loop Loc if we wanted to. Thoughts?
Here's my build link...
Here is a link that might be useful: Poolinar Pool
Don't do it. Mortared stone, such as was used to veneer the back wall and the columns will not hold anchors under tension. I can hear the anchors popping free with a snow load
The cinder block construction of the columns will not hold wall anchors either.
The equipment pad is close to the wall so extended straps will interfere.
If a client approached me, I would suggest a very large, over sized tarp style cover that would cover everything, including the equipment pad (due to the closeness) and a lot of waterbags.
I am as good as they get when it comes to cover installs and designs. This is one of two situations where a safety cover is not appropriate. The other is the use of cultured rock on inside curves.
My main concern is the damages a good, wet snow load would cause when the anchors or the material holding the anchors pops free.
This cover cannot meet safety cover standards It would be deemed Non-Safe.
I remember having this conversation with Chris (sceadu) during the design phase.
Wow... I sure didn't want to hear that. I've had three cover manufactures now tell me that they could custom build a cover after seeing pictures of the pool, but... they are in the business of selling covers.
I was hoping there would be a way to anchor to the ground behind the wall to take most of the tension, but there would still need to at least be anchors on top of the wall to run a cable through.
I made it through this fall by scooping leaves, but I sure don't want to have to do that every year!!
Scott, would it be possible to a hybrid system where it was anchored around the pool where there is decking, and weight it down with hanging sand or water bags on the back wall? It would at least be anchored tight across the length and front half of the pool.
Scott, this is what we finally decided to do. We went with extended straps and ground stakes. It was a bit of a challange to work around the equipment, but we made it work. So far I'm very pleased with the results. This is a Merlin Smart Mesh.
Looks great. The installer did a very good job.
Did you also have them put 2' lengths of #5 rebar in before the ground pipes as added strength? Then the pipe really has something to hold on to.
Next year, put a small, automatic pump under the cover on the 1st step to keep the rain from raising the level in the pool to above the tile line. This keeps the ice off it. Ice expands and can crack or pop tiles.


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Headlines March 22, 2006 Full Show | First Story >
Bush Suggests Troops To Remain in Iraq Until At Least 2009
President Bush has indicated US troops are likely to stay in Iraq until at least 2009. Speaking at a White House press conference Tuesday — his second this year — Bush said whether US troops are withdrawn from Iraq will be up to future US presidents and Iraqi governments to decide. Bush also defended the job performance of Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld amid growing calls for his resignation. But Bush left open the possibility for future changes, saying "I'm not going to announce it right now."
UN Envoy Warns of Increasing Violence in Sudan
At the United Nations, a top diplomat is warning international efforts are failing to quell increasing violence in Sudan's south and western Darfur region. UN Special Representative to the Sudan Jan Pronk: "The ceasefire agreement is violated day after day. Both parties know that these violations will be noted down but neither discussed nor addressed let alone sanctioned. The ceasefire does not function, the joint committee does not meet. The sanctions foreseen with the Security Council panel of experts exist only in theory."
Basque Separatist Group Announces Permanent Ceasefire
In Spain, the Basque separatist group ETA has announced a ceasefire to begin this week. A Basque media report said the ceasfire is to be "permanent." The ceasfire would bring an end to nearly four decades of violent struggle since 1968.
13-Ex Military Officers Indicted for Political Killings in Chile
In Chile, a judge has issued arrest warrants for 13 former army officials accused of executing political opponents during the first months of the rule General Augusto Pinochet. Over 75 dissidents were killed in the weeks immediately after the coup in an operation known as the "Caravan of Death." A dozen other former officers have already been charged for taking part in the operation. One of the new suspects, Carlos Minoletti Arriagada, currently lives in the United States.
Ecuador Declares State of Emergency Over Trade Protests
In Ecuador, a state of emergency has been declared in five provinces that have been hotbeds of protest against trade talks with the US. Thousands of indigenous Ecuadorians have taken part n blockades and protests that have shut down commercial activity in several parts of the country. Under the new emergency measures, public gatherings will be barred and curfews will be imposed. Ecuadorian officials will be in Washington for trade talks Thursday for talks on a so-called "free trade" agreement. In an interview with the Latin American television network Telesur, protest leader Luis Macas said: "We want the government to act with prudence ... What is more important, selling our country or holding on to our sovereignty?"
Israeli Parliamentary Candidate Calls for Assassinating Avnery
In Israel, Baruch Marzel, a parliamentary candidate in the upcoming elections has called for the assassination of well-known Israeli peace activist Uri Avnery. Marzel, who leads the National Jewish Front, said Israeli Defense Forces should target Uri Avnery, who leads the peace group Gush Shalom. Marzel's comments came after Avnery compared a Palestinian group's assassination of a former Israeli cabinet minister to Israel's policy of killing militant Palestinian leaders.
Soldier Convicted of Abusing Detainees at Abu Ghraib
Back in the United States, a US soldier has been found guilty of using a dog to abuse detainees at Abu Ghraib. Sgt. Michael Smith was convicted on 6 counts including maltreating detainees, dereliction of duty and assault. He is the 10th soldier to be convicted in the Abu Ghraib torture scandal. Smith's defense argued he was only following orders, and his alleged use of the dog was in line with why his superiors ordered the use of dogs at Abu Ghraib.
Report: Ex-Iraq FM Acted as Paid CIA Informant
NBC News has revealed a top government official under Saddam Hussein acted as a paid informant to the CIA before the US invaded Iraq. According to intelligence sources, former Iraqi Foreign Minister Naji Sabri gave information that contradicted two of the main stated reasons for going to war. Sabri said Saddam Hussein possessed no active biological or nuclear weapons programs. He also reportedly claimed Iraq had a cache of chemical weapons — an assertion that turned out to be false. Sabri was reportedly paid more than $100,000 dollars for his information, which was delivered through a third party.
Military Probe Clears Lincoln Group of Wrongdoing
In other news, the New York Times is reporting a Pentagon inquiry has cleared military contractor the Lincoln Group of wrongdoing over its planting of pro-US military stories in Iraqi newspapers. The inquiry was ordered after the Lincoln Group's activities were disclosed last November. Pentagon officials said the company remains under contract, and would continue its activities unless the military revises its policies.
White House Steers Millions in Federal Grants to Conservative Groups
The Washington Post is reporting the Bush administration has funneled millions of dollars in federal grant money to conservative groups that support its social policies. Using faith-based programs and other government initiatives, the Bush administration has steered at least $157 million to groups that support the President's views on issues such as abortion and gay marriage. According to the Post, most of the funding came through government programs enacted after the Bush administration took office. In scores of cases, small antiabortion centers have received federal funding that doubled or tripled their operating budgets. Democratic Congressmember Chet Edwards of Texas called the grant funding one of the largest patronage programs in American history.
FBI Supervisor Says He Didn't Read Moussaoui Memo
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Duckworth Leads Democratic Primary in Illinois
And in Illinois, Tammy Duckworth is holding on to a slim lead in a widely-watched Democratic primary in the state's 6th District. Duckworth, a former helicopter pilot who lost both her legs in Iraq, is leading with 43 percent of the vote. Duckworth is one of a number anti-war Iraq veterans making a run for Congress this year.
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Andhra Pradesh invites bids for 1 GW of solar installations10. December 2012 | Applications & Installations, Global PV markets, Industry & Suppliers | By: Max Hall
The lowest common denominator nature of the Indian method of calculating solar tariffs will see domestic developers win the contracts to develop photovoltaic plants in the latest state to announce details of its auctions – Andhra Pradesh, according to consultancy Bridge to India.
But the analysts predict the six-month period for bringing plans to fruition will cause financing headaches in a market where banks are wary of renewable investment, and that larger players will step in with funding, in return for taking majority stakes in successful developments further down the line.
Bridge to India pointed out that under the terms of the Andhra Pradesh scheme, photovoltaic project developers can transfer their majority shareholding a year after the commissioning phase of new schemes.
The Andhra Pradesh scheme is similar to that seen in fellow southern state Tamil Nadu. The state government has announced tariff-based bidding for 1 GW of projects and has released a list of power sub-stations which can host renewable electricity. The maximum capacity of the sub-stations varies from 5 to 20 MW, and will determine the maximum size of any schemes nearby, with the minimum project size set at 1 MW.
Developers, who have to identify a suitable location and arrange permitting, will bid for the tariff they will receive with the lowest price at which a sufficient number of bidders can compete being the agreed price.
Bridge to India estimates projects in Andhra Pradesh will have a net worth of around INR10 million/MW (US$180,000/MW) – insufficient to attract big international investors at that stage.
Under the terms of the auction, developers could build CSP plants, but Bridge to India says the low maximum capacity of the sub-stations means CSP would not be viable.
The Tamil Nadu scheme has already achieved grid parity for solar, according to the New Delhi-based consultancy, which calculates that a tariff of INR6.2 (US$0.12)/kWh will be generated across the state for the 1 GW of utility-scale projects. That would be India's lowest tariff, beating the INR7/kWh for the 25 MW of projects announced by Odisha in February 2012.
Tamil Nadu is the seventh of India's 28 states to announce a solar target, in its case 1.5 GW of extra capacity from utility-scale with 1 GW from the reverse bidding process and 500 MW from private PPAs. The electricity would be sold to the Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Company Ltd (TANGEDCO) with the ultra-low tariffs rising 5% annually for ten years.
The state is targeting a further 350 MW from rooftop installations, of which 300 MW would be provided on government buildings.
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