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The following capsule reviews of recent releases, long runs and revivals come from various wire services, as noted:
RATINGS: G -— Suitable for all ages. PG -— Parental guidance recommended. PG-13 -— Parental guidance strongly suggested.R-— Restricted; anyone under 18 must be accompanied by adult. NC-17 -— No children under 17.
★ ★ ★ ★ Excellent ★ ★ ★ Good ★ ★ Fair★Poor
Thriller. A young and disoriented British soldier is accidentally abandoned by his unit following a riot on the deadly streets of Belfast in 1971. The situation is genuinely stressful and, scene-by-scene, the movie delivers on its promise of bleak, somber entertainment. But the film was made for a UK audience, and Americans may have trouble keeping track of who's who and which side they're on. If you are in the mood for a confusing and thoroughly depressing immersion into Irish history, you can't do better. But that would be a very odd mood to be in. (R for strong violence, disturbing images, and language throughout) ★★ (Mick LaSalle, Hearst Newspapers)
Drama. Filmed a decade ago in Saratoga Springs, this black comedy thriller is finally released. Anthony Michael Hall stars as a construction company owner whose life takes a dark turn after his longtime foreman disappears. The cast also includes Tony Danza and in his last role, Chris Penn. (R for violence, pervasive language and some sexual content)
American Sniper
Drama. Clint Eastwood directs Bradley Cooper in this take on the autobio-graphy of U.S. Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, the deadliest sniper in U.S. military history. "American Sniper" is bound to be misunderstood, even by those who admire it. And it will definitely be misunderstood by people who don't like it. Eastwood and screenwriter Jason Hall have made as good a film as could be made from the substance of Kyle's life and career. But greatness was never a possibility, not with a protagonist not all that interesting and with the surrounding circumstances making it impossible to go deeper and risk the movie's critique of Kyle becoming overt. Even so, the big guy comes away with a shrewd and very well-made picture. (R for strong and disturbing war violence, and language throughout including some sexual references) ★★★ 1/2 (M.L.)
Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)
Comedy-drama. Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu ("Babel," "Amores Perros") directs Michael Keaton as a fading actor who once played a superhero and is now trying to restart his career with a Broadway play. Although camera trickery was involved, the entire film appears to be filmed in one single, uninterrupted shot. Won best picture and best director Oscars. Any conversation about "Birdman" must begin with a description of how it was filmed. It was shot in long takes, then it was strung together in such a way that it plays as though the entire movie were done in one unbroken shot. This is a remarkable feat, not only of cinematography, but of choreography. In his previous movies, Inarritu has attempted stories on a grand scale, but he has been at his best, in conveying flights of the spirit, the journey of a single consciousness colliding with the world. In "Birdman," he gives us this effect in pure form, without diluting it with over-plotting and multiple locations. This is where the single-take strategy becomes more than a gimmick, but an integral part of the movie's effect. Keaton is weathered and full of doubt and yet at the peak of his power as an actor. (R for language throughout, some sexual content and brief violence) ★★★★ (M.L.)
Action. Director Neill Blomkamp ("District 9," "Elysium") returns with another sci-fi thriller, this one focused on a police droid in the near-future who starts to think for itself and sees mankind (including Hugh Jackman, Sigourney Weaver and Dev Patel) as a threat. "Chappie" is invested with such humanity, a seemingly effortless delicacy of feeling, that it makes one suspect that, even if movies continue in this machine direction, they'll never fully give way to machines. The fact that you can't quite say exactly what "Chappie" means, but you know and feel that it means something, tells you that it's operating on a level beyond consciousness. It's what makes it a work of art. And it's a good sci-fi action movie, too. Far be it from me to give this movie the kiss of death by making it seem too serious for its core audience. "Chappie" is everything it has to be — but it's everything it should be, too. (R for violence, language and brief nudity) ★★★★ (M.L.)
Fantasy Drama. Lily James ("Downton Abbey") stars as the would-be princess with a penchant for losing her shoes. Cate Blanchett, Helena Bonham Carter and Richard Madden ("Game of Thrones") co-star for director Kenneth Branagh. "Cinderella" is a 112-minute elaboration of Charles Perrault's 2,500-word story, with most of the fairy tale magic left intact, but with the addition of a backstory and realistic motives. The curious thing about this new "Cinderella" is that every old and familiar element is done beautifully. But the movie grinds down again in plot details that fatten the narrative while deflating the spirit. It's enough that Cinderella has it bad, OK? But must she also be locked in the attic, and must her wicked stepmother be involved in a political intrigue to make herself a countess? It doesn't help. That's the other surprise of the new "Cinderella," that the additional elements don't add to the experience. (PG for mild thematic elements) ★★ (M.L.)
The Divergent Series: Insurgent
Action. The second installment in the film franchise based on Veronica Roth's best-selling young adult novels pits our heroine Tris (Shailene Woodley) against increasingly powerful enemies. Miles Teller, Ansel Elgort, Naomi Watts and Kate Winslet co-star. For what it is, "Insurgent" is a reasonably executed, sporadically enjoyable installment in the projected four-part "Divergent" series, based on the novels by Veronica Roth. Yet, there's no escaping what it is, and what it is ... is silly. It would be a much worse movie if the good parts were all at the beginning. But they are saved for the end, and they leave the viewer with a feeling of, "Well, that was OK," even though most of it wasn't. (PG-13 for intense violence and action throughout, some sensuality, thematic elements and brief language) ★★ (M.L.)
Do You Believe?
Drama. Ted McGinley, Mira Sorvino and Lee Majors are the big names in the latest Christian-based drama about a pastor whose beliefs are rattled by the visible faith of a street corner preacher. In a spiritual version of "Crash," 12 people come together — each with a different level of belief. The script cleverly intertwines the lives of the 12 people who appear headed in different directions. Juggling so many story lines is a major task, but director Jonathan M. Gunn manages to service all the stories while holding true to the movie's main message. It helps that he gets some strong performance, including a surprisingly good effort from Brian Bosworth, whose NFL and film careers burned out decades ago, and the usual strong performance from Sorvino. (PG-13 for thematic elements, an accident sequence and some violence) ★★★ (Rick Bentley, Fresno Bee)
The DUFF
Comedy. A high school senior (Mae Whitman) is devastated to find out her pals refer to her as "The DUFF" (Designated Ugly Fat Friend) behind her back. A pleasantly predictable cross between "Revenge of the Nerds" and "Clueless." You can probably guess where all this is going, but it doesn't mean we can't enjoy the tour de high school. And for the most part, we do, thanks to an appealing cast, some witty dialogue and a funny send-up of social media, which the film both embraces and mocks. (PG-13 for crude and sexual material throughout, some language and teen partying) ★★★(David Lewis, Hearst Newspapers)
Fifty Shades of Grey
Drama. Jamie Dornan is the billionaire with kinky sexual tastes who teaches a college student (Dakota Johnson) a thing or two in this breathlessly awaited adaptation of the novel by E. L. James. As directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, an Englishwoman, the bedroom and playroom interludes are as erotic as any reader of E. L. James' novel might hope them to be. They're effective, because they're personal, all about the people involved and their longing. In a movie that's as much about sex as this one, that's a major asset, and "Fifty Shades" has the additional advantage of two charismatic leads in the main roles. With all that going for it, one might wonder what else could matter. The enormous, make-or-break things are perfectly in place, and just that is enough for a reasonably enjoyable movie. But plot problems, some comically weak dialogue, repetitious scenes and a non-ending ending keep the experience a little more earthbound than it had to be. All the film's problems can be traced to the novel. Still, for the first hour, "Fifty Shades of Grey" is almost entirely successful. (R for strong sexual content including dialogue, some unusual behavior and graphic nudity, and for language) ★★ 1/2 (M.L.)
Drama. Will Smith stars as a master con artist who meets his match in the form of a young newcomer (Margot Robbie) to the shell game. February is the time for movies that look slick and promising, but that turn out to have something major wrong with them; otherwise, they'd be opening in May. "Focus" fits right into that pattern. The movie's con is that it's showing us a secret underworld, something real that we've never seen or imagined, that it's revealing how the big boys operate. But it's not doing any of those things. "Focus" is ridiculous in every detail. It's a movie with no truth, that teaches nothing and shows nothing, that has only its audacity to recommend it. Once that's realized, it's possible to take it for what it is and enjoy it, a little. (R for language, some sexual content and brief violence) ★ 1/2 (M.L.)
The Gunman
Action. Sean Penn stars as a former Special Forces soldier on the run throughout Europe. Javier Bardem, Idris Elba and Ray Winstone are among those on his trail. The action scenes in "The Gunman" are expertly handled, and that should come as no surprise, with director Pierre Morel calling the shots here. Morel directed the original and best of the "Taken" series, and though that movie is especially remembered for Liam Neeson's set of skills, Morel's mix of propulsion and clarity was a big part of its success. Some action directors seem to shut off their minds when the action starts. Morel sees action as an opportunity. He has the audience's attention, and now he's going to stretch things out, add the frightening and telling detail, and make you suffer in the best way. It's a different kind of action movie, something with some ideas and a conscience, but not so many ideas or so big a conscience as to slow things down. (R for strong violence, language and some sexuality) ★★★(M.L.)
The Imitation Game
Thriller. There's a tension at the heart of "The Imitation Game" that's never completely reconciled. One one side, we have the story of Alan Turing's work during World War II, of his breaking the Nazis' Enigma code. On the other side, there is the filmmakers' understandable desire to frame the movie as a personal story about Turing himself. The code-breaking story has trmendous urgency, the personal story a bit less. He was probably obsessive-compulsive and may have had Asperger's syndrome. He was also homosexual at a time when that was still a crime in Britain, and his 1952 arrest for "gross indecency" was the calamity that ruined his life. These elements must be a part of any film about Turing, but simply as drama, they're less compelling. Of course, none of this would matter were the story told chronologically. But Graham Moore, in his first produced screenplay, mixes it all up. The result is that "The Imitation Game" never quite builds up a head of steam. (PG-13 for some sexual references, mature thematic material and historical smoking). ★★★(M.L.)
Kingsman: The Secret Service
Action. Director Matthew Vaughn ("Kick-Ass") adapts another graphic novel, this one centering on a secret service agent (Colin Firth) who recruits a street kid into his top-secret crime-fighting organization. The movie makes up its own rules as it goes along. It asks to be taken seriously, then turns ridiculous, then brings out the horn section to indicate the hoped-for triumph of good, then shows people's heads exploding in a CGI sequence intended to be funny. It tries to get by on charm, and like a lot of movies, and people, who make that attempt, "Kingsman" does have charm — just not enough. (R for sequences of strong violence, language and some sexual content) ★★ (M.L.)
The Lazarus Effect
Horror. A trio of university researchers discover a way to bring the dead back to life. Then they find out resurrecting a corpse is always a bad idea. "The Lazarus Effect" is not the usual mindless thriller, but it's as flat as an open soda can from last week, with dull characters and virtually every scene taking place in a single location. It looks like it cost about twelve bucks to make — and somebody got robbed. But even though the movie gets worse and worse, Olivia Wilde gets better and better. (PG-13 for intense sequences of horror violence, terror and some sexual references) ★ 1/2 (M.L.)
McFarland, USA
Drama. Kevin Costner stars as the coach of an underdog cross-country high school team in this sports drama inspired by true events. Going in, everyone knows that "McFarland, USA" is intended to be heartwarming and inspirational. The filmmakers know you see them coming, and so they know they have only one play available to them — to come right at you. The film's mission is to make you care about this coach, this family, this team, and this town; and "McFarland" does it. The surprise is that it does so expertly, never pushing you into feeling something unearned. More than just another sports story, the movie is also an immersion into the culture of Mexican immigrants who work the land. It could have been a sentimental film, but it's not, because director Niki Caro and the screenwriters bothered to know what that they were talking about. (PG for thematic material, some violence and language) ★★★ (M.L.)
Red Army
Documentary. This documentary tells the story of the Soviet Union's famed hockey team. The skillfully made "Red Army" sets a mischievous tone early: We see Ronald Reagan, before his White House days, in full-throated, anti-communist glory. Then we're transported to Russia, where legendary hockey hero Slava Fetisov talks into his cellphone, giving filmmakers the finger rather than answering any questions. It looks like an outtake. So begins this bravura documentary about the Red Army hockey team during its glory days of the 1980s and beyond. No hockey knowledge is required to enjoy this intimate epic, which is a playful, yet deeply felt rumination on sports, friendship, Cold War politics and the Russian psyche. (PG for thematic material and language) ★★★★(D.L.)
Run All Night
Thriller. A veteran hit man (Liam Neeson) takes on his former boss (Ed Harris) in order to protect his family. Because in movies, when you're related to Liam Neeson, you're always in peril. This is probably sad, but somehow it doesn't feel sad: The most consistently satisfying thing in the American cinema right is the Liam Neeson action movie. "Run All Night" is directed by Jaume Collet-Serra, who previously directed two of the better Neeson thrillers, "Unknown" and "Non-Stop," and who understands the essential truth of these Neeson films, that they are thinly disguised rags-to-riches tales, in which a worthy person starts off low and ends up high. The sheer perversity of Neeson's thrillers are a big part of their delight. In "Run All Night," Neeson is redeemed as a family man by going on a shooting spree. This is sick, but it's a variety of sick that is strangely appealing. (R for strong violence, language including sexual references, and some drug use) ★★★(M.L.)
The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
Comedy. A cast of veteran actors (returnees Bill Nighy, Maggie Smith and Judi Dench, and newbie Richard Gere) co-star in this sequel to the 2011 hit about a group of British retirees who move into a hotel in India. Charming but uneven. The acting is spectacular and the movie mostly preserves the charm and wit of the original. But the confusing story lines never really come together and we're ultimately left with a pleasant but unsatisfying soap opera. (PG for some language and suggestive comments) ★★★(Thomas Lee, Hearst Newspapers)
Drama. Director Ava DuVernay's riveting recounting of the civil rights march in 1965 to protest African-Americans' inability to vote features a star-making performance by David Oyelowo as the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. There are times when watching David Oyelowo in "Selma" that it's easy to believe you're looking at Martin Luther King Jr. This is a remarkable performance, remarkable not only in its force, but in its strength and precision. Oyelowo is reason alone to see "Selma," and if you need another reason, there's Carmen Ejogo, as a lovely, strong and haunted Coretta Scott King. "Selma" is not a great movie. But it's a very good movie on a great subject. (PG-13 for disturbing thematic material, some violence, a suggestive moment, and brief strong language) ★★★(M.L.)
Song of the Sea
Animation. An animated feature Oscar nominee from Ireland about a boy and his ailing little sister, who is really a selkie, mythical Celtic seals who turn into people. It's warm, heartfelt, and beautifully hand-drawn — in every way an antidote to the blockbusters that rule the box office. Rather than the hectic, roller-coaster style that dominates the genre, "Song of the Sea" is marked by an ease that allows the viewer to sink into its world. It conveys mystery and wonder without hyperbole.The filmmakers evoke earned emotion with gentle hands. (PG for some mild peril, language and pipe smoking images) ★★★(Michael Ordona, San Francisco Chronicle)
The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water
Animated. The beloved Nickelodeon character enters the live-action world, where he squares off against a pirate (Antonio Banderas). SpongeBob Squarepants goes where Homer Simpson and others have gone before, an animated character who steps out of his colorful 2-D world and into our 3-D one, but what his movie lacks in originality or freshness, it compensates for in loopiness. The gags, puns mostly, skew quite young. And those things SpongeBob does that drive his onscreen castmates nuts — the shrieks and giggles and songs — are pitched to be a lot more irritating to adults than to small fry. Perhaps not as irritating as the 3D ticket prices demanded for what is essentially an extended episode of the TV show. But if "nautical nonsense" is something you wish, drop off the kiddies and give 'em some cash. (PG for mild action and rude humor.) ★★ 1/2 (Roger Moore, Tribune News Service)
Still Alice
Drama. Julianne Moore won the best actress Oscar for her performance as a linguistics professor stricken by Alzheimer's. "Still Alice" is a good movie in a genre often scorned, the disease genre. As a superior expression of its type, it avoids the worst pitfalls, but it conforms to the basic pattern. The movie is useful, too. Alzheimer's is hardly rare, and "Still Alice" contributes to viewers' understanding, not only of the anguish of having it, but of how the disease progresses, and of the ways in which victims conceal it. Yet, none of this would matter if it weren't for Julianne Moore. Inevitably, "Still Alice" becomes the showcase for her finely calibrated onscreen disintegration, which is, at every moment, convincing, disturbing and personal. The movie also makes good use of Kristen Stewart, who plays the aspiring actress daughter, a black sheep in a family of intellectuals. Stewart is so unfussy, so natural in her depiction of love, so coming from a place of spontaneity and truth in every moment. (PG-13 for mature thematic material, and brief language including a sexual reference) ★★★ (M.L.)
Unfinished Business
Comedy. Vince Vaughn, Tom Wilkinson and Dave Franco play three businessmen who travel to Europe to close a deal and wind up stranded in all sorts of bizarre, comical situations. The world keeps intruding on "Unfinished Business," the actual world that the filmmakers are too honest to deny. A supposedly rollicking comedy about a sink-or-swim business trip, the movie can't keep out a depressing awareness of modern-day corporate culture and what it does to people. We do laugh, but we never forget. That's the weirdness of the movie as an experience. There's something wrong with it, or wrong with the world, or maybe both, but there's definitely something wrong. Still, grounding the movie in real stakes pays off when the scenes turn serious. But what are we to say about a comedy that makes you walk out feeling lousy? Maybe this is the comedy that business deserves. Maybe it's good to feel lousy, even if that wasn't the movie's intention. (R for some strong risque sexual content, graphic nudity, and for language and drug use) ★★ (M.L.)
What We Do in the Shadows
Comedy. Vampire housemates try to cope with the complexities of modern life and show a newly turned hipster some of the perks of being undead in this mockumentary from New Zealand. Vampire movies are pretty exhausted these days. So what a surprise to find in "What We Do in the Shadows" an inspired and funny vampire comedy, one that's more than just a smart premise but that remains fun and inventive from beginning to end. The title is flat, not clever at all, but don't be misled by that. Also don't avoid this film if you're sick of vampires. You can't be more sick of vampires than a film critic who sees them all and would love to put a stake through the whole genre. "What We Do in the Shadows" is seriously good and laugh-out-loud funny. (NR but violence and language equivalent to PG-13) ★★★ (M.L.)


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Some churches on hills and in rocks
... first thing that surprised me was the use of the crylic alphabet - I hadn't realised that Bulgarian was similar to Russian. And I now couldn't understand any sign. We had to show our passports, but this didn't take long and didn't have to get out of the car. I changed a bit of money into Bulgarian lev. Actually a very good rate on the border! We stopped off at a service station to get some food - a Shell! And I was so surprised to find vegan bars!! Amazing!!! I ...
Dryanovo Gorge & Monastery
It was around two o'clock by now so after lunch we headed straight off to the monastery. It is dramatically set in Dryanovo Gorge - apparently most of the monasteries in Bulgaria were deliberately built in geographically dramatic places. The monastery was quite small but extremely beautiful inside. Every church and cathedral I've been to in Bulgaria has had a stall selling beeswax candles and little religious trinkets and this one was no exception; I bought and lit a candle for Dad. ...
Ice, hot sand coffee and amazing woodcarving
... s work. When they were both unveiled, the merchant Daskalov said that the apprentice had won, but the Guild of Carvers, who had overseen the proceedings, said that the master had. The Guild were still so impressed with the apprentice, however, that they declared him a master. I've forgotten who did which ceiling, but although they were both impressive, one was definitely a level above the other, in my opinion. The sun in the middle of ...
We-liko Turnovo
... a suitably spectacular view, then there was another room party being in the offing, which went well into the night...again!! In the morning it was off to the bus stop to catch a public bus to Sofia. Whilst walking through the streets we were escorted by a group of mangy dogs, barking and growling at anything and anybody that got close to us. Apparently this pack regularly guard tour groups. Weird. We can honestly say, We-liko ...
Stopping to Watch the Leaves Change
... like a vacation from the outside world. Each day we talked, cooked, worked, and explored the city.
I liked it so much in VT that I decided to stay for another week. I found a private room in a hostel overlooking the river for just 20 leva per night ($14). I continued the calm pace that Joachim had set for me and just relaxed for seven days straight.
It was the little things in Tirnovo that made it so special. In the mornings, which were often foggy ...

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2011 US Open Tickets
Texas Tennis and Education Foundation Silent Auction
Help support health and education through tennis by bidding on the 2011 US Open Packages. This online silent auction runs from June 8, 2011 through July 11, 2011. Click the link above to find out more about this opportunity.
More Information
BBC Sport - Tennis
The latest stories from the Tennis section of the BBC Sport web site.
Mon, 30 Mar 2015 : Murray sweeps past Giraldo in Miami
Sun, 29 Mar 2015 : Watson loses to Kerber in Miami
Fri, 27 Mar 2015 : Sharapova suffers shock Miami exit
Sun, 22 Mar 2015 : Djokovic clinches Indian Wells title
Sun, 22 Mar 2015 : Halep wins epic Indian Wells final
Copyright: (C) British Broadcasting Corporation, see http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/help/rss/4498287.stm for terms and conditions of reuse.


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VIEWS: 63 PAGES: 1 CATEGORY: Business POSTED ON: 7/12/2011
Printable Student Grade Record document sample
FLUENCY MATERIALS Fluency and comprehension go hand in hand. If a student cannot read a passage quickly and accurately, comprehension suffers. Students in seventh and eighth grade should be orally reading at 150 – 170 correct words per minute (cwpm). Most struggling readers have not attained these speeds, which often is the reason for their being behind developmentally. A seventh grader who reads only 80 cwpm will struggle in comprehending on-level material. In order to assess student needs, it is important to time students reading a grade level passage. Such an assessment can be found in the Teacher Notes of the Jamestown Reading Fluency program on p. 8. Jamestown's Reading Fluency contains high interest, leveled passages of both fiction and non-fiction for students to practice in a repeated reading protocol. Students work with fluency partners at similar levels timing each other for one minute. They learn to recognize and record miscues so the number of correct words per minute can be calculated. The Jamestown Reading Fluency materials are available from a first grade readability level (level A) through a tenth grade readability level (level J). Do not confuse this with a student's grade or age level. Students should be placed at their independent reading level and not their instructional reading level. The program includes student record books. The student record books should not be used consumably. Students need to be trained to use a transparency and a Vis a Vis marker to record their fluency partner's miscues. Duplicate the record-keeping graphs and place these in manila folders for each student. There are also Teacher Notes to help the reading teacher set this program up in his/her classroom. Reading Fluency should be used at least two times a week. If you are using REWARDS or REWARDS Plus, do not use Jamestown Reading Fluency until after you complete it since fluency passages are built into these phonics programs. The Jamestown fluency program is to be used alongside Bridges to Literature. With teacher modeling and practice, a routine can be set up that will not take more than 10 minutes daily of class time for the Reading Fluency program. Monitor student progress carefully throughout the year and move students up in reading level when they are ready. Refer to the recommended fluency rates on p. 9 in the Teacher Notes for each readability level. Ultimately, the goal is to get students reading 140 – 170 cwpm using seventh and eighth grade passages. For more information go to: http://www.glencoe.com/gln/jamestown/reading_rate/reading_fluency.php#info
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Waste pickers contribute to the conservation of natural resources and energy while reducing air and water pollution. They also reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the reuse of materials. Around the globe, waste pickers are organizing and fighting for recognition of their significant environmental contributions.
2 May, 2013 - International Workers' Day celebrated on the First of May commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world. It is also recognition of the Global Workers Movement and people unite to express their international solidary.
At the global and local level, and across all regions, WIEGO's work with waste pickers pursues a common vision:
StreetNet International
Media Release:International Workers' Day, 1st May 2012
July, 2011 - StreetNet International has launched a Campaigns blog to disseminate news and events related to its three major campaigns: the New Manifesto Campaign, the World Class Cities for All Campaign in Brazil, and its several Litigation Campaigns.
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Citizen of the Year to kick off Fun Fest parade
When Jim Zajkowski was named New Richmond Area Chamber of Commerce's Citizen of the Year in January, he was automatically signed up to be the grand marshal of the annual Fun Fest parade.
Fun Fest, which takes place July 13-14, hosts a parade that begins downtown and tracks all the way to the Fun Fest grounds near Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College.
Zajkowski, who has served on the New Richmond City Council for 21 years, said he's honored to represent New Richmond.


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Voorhees Mini Tummy Tuck Doctors and Reviews
Voorhees Mini Tummy Tuck cost
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Average cost in Voorhees: $6,450
Voorhees Mini Tummy Tuck reviews
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Just the lower apron gone. When I went for a consultation, he said I would need a full tummy tuck. Then starts to point out everything else he thought that was wrong with me. I went home crying that day thinking he was right. But he's wrong, he seemed to me he's just in it for the money, why else do all that. I know what I want and don't want , I just want a mini tummy tuck and not a full! I... more
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text:
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text:
Comunidad de Madrid What to Pack
There's a craZy obsession in this city among adults and children alike for any kind of bag or case that's attached to wheels and pulled along. There are plenty of unlicensed wheelie-case drivers in the city, so I suggest that we need not encourage more!! Of course, on a more practical note, be prepared for plenty of stairs in the metro, so make...more
Madrid's climate is known for its pronounced seasonal variations. With cold (if dry) winters and inclemently hot (and even drier) summers, spring and autumn are often recommended as the best months to visit the city. In those periods, though, the possibility of precipitation is higher, even if it still remains below the European average. I...more
Cell Phone
I had lots of trouble with cell phone rates in Spain and used a company called apelcom. I have included my personal blog that talks about my cell phone situation and also the website for the company i ended up using. Hopes this helps someone!more
Sun Lotion
I was told to bring lots of sunscreen I had been checking the weather before I left for my trip and I kept seeing that is was very hot and sunny. Well, when I finally arrived there, there was rain and it was much cooler (about 16C) I was told that this was the first rain that they had had in 2 months! Figures!LOL Well, I was glad I brought an...more
Bring rollable luggage if you plan to travel on the metro and make sure it is not too large because there are lots of stairs Wear comfortable shoes because there are lots of stairs and cobblestones and since Madrid is a walkable city you will be much more comfortable in sneakers If you have one bring a digital camera, if you dont bring at least 3...more
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Comunidad de Madrid Hotels
Hotel Atlantico
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NH Principe de la Paz
C/ San Antonio 22, Aranjuez, Madrid, 28300, Spain
Satisfaction: Excellent
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Parador de Alcala de Henares
Colegios, 8, Alcala De Henares, 28801, Spain
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Parador de Chinchon
The Parador of Chinchon is located in a magnificent convent of the 17th c., the church of which is...more
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Avenida Rio Guadalquivir, 17, Getafe, 28906, Spain
Satisfaction: Excellent
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Avda. de las Estaciones s/n, Poligono Industrial Las Monjas, Torrejon De Ardoz, 28850, Spain
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Valle De La Barranca, S/N, Navacerrada, 28491, es
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NH Alcorcon
Avda Europa 2 Edificio A, Madrid, Madrid, 28920, Spain
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text:
"Good place to learn a beginning level of entrepreneurship. "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Soma Intimates full-time (more than a year)
Small boutique environment, good place for young women to learn how to run a retail store and to create relationships with other businesses. Competitive enough to learn some sales techniques to keep it interesting. Also, enables associates to learn how to build relationships with the customers.
Higher end price point is sometimes harder to sell, although presents more of a challenge, depending on the the market the store is located in. A lot of the store management would go out and party together, so if that wasn't your scene, you were the odd man out and not in the loop when it came to promotions. Low salary and given the impression that you should be thankful you were getting paid anything at all (don't ask for a raise.) Drama. Drama. Drama.
Start rewarding your sales teams with better wages and salaries. Supply must meet demand in order to meet your daily sales goals. Don't put a boutique with higher price points in a location which is known to be a value shopper. This just sets your sales team up for disappointment in production as well as in pay. No wonder the location I worked at had almost 100% turnover rate!
- Any Location
- Any Job Title
I worked at Soma Intimates full-time (less than a year)Pros
Employees were friendly. Discounts were good.Cons
Upper management were unorganized and such.
I worked at Soma IntimatesPros
I've met some great people that I've worked with. Discount is just ok. With some of the price points it still comes out to be too expensive.Cons
The company as a whole is a joke. The micromanaging is completely unbearable. Sign offs on if you put a sign up correctly and dms checking to make sure you've done the schedule to their liking. Most of us have been in management for years, if we can't be trusted to write a schedule without it being double checked, what are we doing here? District managers will blatantly ignore you if they don't want to deal with the problem regardless if the problem is serious or not. Good luck getting a response back. The company's product has gone severely down in even just a few years. The vanishing back bras fall apart in a few months, the cool nights have gotten rougher to the touch and I can't begin to tell you how many items have come with loose threads, straps sewn on wrong, or even the size being misspelled on the tag.Advice to ManagementAdvice
Please listen to your employees when they tell you something is wrong in their store and don't just give them the company line. Lay off the appointments or at least advertise that we offer them. Why is it that the company on their Facebook page tells customers they don't need an appointment but yet we're held responsible in the store for making appointments? Every store does not have the same problems so treating them as the same is not making a difference. Make your employees feel valued. All I've felt when I worked here was belittled, misguided and incredibly stressed. The company should take a look at their "values and guiding principles" and actually practice what they preach.


text:
A device for chemically quantifying ethylene oxide exposure is disclosed as are methods for its use. The device comprises an ethylene oxide-permeable layer exhibiting unusual non-Fickian EO transport and containing a controlled amount of compound which forms a colored species upon reaction with ethylene oxide. Optionally, the response layer is laminated or otherwise joined with a support layer. The device can be used to quantify in industry accepted units of time and concentration sterilization dosages of ethylene oxide.
1. A device for colorimetrically quantifying exposure to ethylene oxide which comprises a polymer substrate which exhibits Case II-transport for ethylene oxide through the body of which is dispersed a concentration of a color-forming compound which undergoes a color-change upon reaction with ethylene oxide, said concentration being chosen to provide a variable degree of color-change in said device which, at a uniform temperature, is a previously determined function of the device's quantity of exposure to ethylene oxide.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the substrate is selected from among the members of the group consisting of cellulose acetate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polyester.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said color-forming compound comprises a material selected from the group of ethylene oxide-reactive color formers consisting of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, N-phenylbenzylpyridine and phenazine.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein said color-forming compound is 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine.
5. The device of claim 3 wherein the concentration of said color-forming compound is 0.5 to 5.0% by weight based on the weight of the substrate.
6. The device of claim 5 in an essentially two dimensional form.
7. The device of claim 6 consisting essentially of a single layer.
8. The device of claim 6 having a backing layer affixed thereto.
9. A method for quantifying an environment's exposure to ethylene oxide which comprises placing in said environment for a measuring period the device of claim 1, removing said device from said environment, measuring the degree of color change and relating the degree of color change to the environment's ethylene oxide exposure dose in units of (EO Concentration�Time).
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said environment comprises an ethylene oxide sterilization environment.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein said environment comprises a sealed container also containing an article bearing residual amounts of ethylene oxide to be determined.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein a basic catalyst is added to the device following ethylene oxide exposure to enhance color formation resulting from low level exposure.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said basic catalyst is a member selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine, triethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, N,N-bis(aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine, and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(methyl)-ethylenediamine.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to devices for quantifying chemical exposure and/or content. More particularly, it relates to devices for quantifying ethylene oxide and methods for their use.
2. Background
Ethylene oxide (EO) is widely used as a chemical reactant and as a sterilizing agent whose toxic efficacy is dose-dependent. Accordingly, it is of interest to have available methods or devices to measure the degree of sterilizing dose which has been applied to an article to be sterilized. For quality assurance purposes, it is desired to have a method or device that can express ethylene oxide exposure in industry accepted numerical terms of concentration and time. Since EO is toxic, it is also of interest to have available a method for determining EO residual levels in plastics after sterilization.
The device described herein is characterized as being a true dosimeter for ethylene oxide exposure rather than merely an indicator of exposure.
In the context of medical, industrial, and forensic science, the most crucial decisions are made daily on the basis of measurement (analysis of quantity, mass, extent, or degree in terms of a standard unit of measure), whereas mere indication (demonstration of the probable presence or nature of) can only be used as corroborative evidence.
In the context of measurement science, a "true dosimeter" is a device which measures the integral over time of chemical concentration (i.e. time-average concentration), usually specified in the International System (SI) of Units as: [(Mass)�(Time)�(Volume)], e.g. g-hour/l.
The present devices are dosimeters that measure a true ethylene oxide dose (concentration-time integral), and can for that matter, report the dose as an analytically measured result in unambiguous units referenced to a primary standard (e.g., g-hour/l referenced to the International System (SI) of Units).
Various means have been described in open and patent literature for indicating exposure of medical or other articles to ethylene oxide sterilizing mixtures. The use of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl) pyridine as a color-forming reagent which reacts specifically to alkylating agents has been disclosed in Anal. Chem., 27, 1435 (1955); and 33, 906 (1961) and J. Pharm. Sci., 55, 57 (1961). A variety of other amines, including pyridines, quinolines, and other heterocyclic compounds, as well as anilines, diphenylamines, and related materials have been shown to exhibit color formation or color change as a result of exposure to ethylene oxide. Representative references include U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,998,306; 3,000,706; 3,258,312; 3,627,469; 3,667,917 and 4,015,937.
The great majority of means described in patent literature for indicating exposure to ethylene oxide (such as the patents just noted) are mere indicators, that is, they indicate, by the appearance of a color, that exposure to ethylene oxide has taken place. These devices serve a purpose in indicating that individual packages have actually passed through a sterilizer but are not equivalent to the device of this application which measures a quantitative sterilizing dose.
Similarly, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,738,811 and 3,992,154 describe devices for indicating the presence or absence of EO in sterilized goods.
In U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,852,034, 3,992,154 and 4,094,642 devices have been described which purport to indicate by a telltale indicator whether or not exposure dose sufficient to exercise a sterilizing effect has occurred. These devices, while claiming additional function, have severe disadvantages as follows: (a) whereas the sterilizing dose required is known to vary with the nature of the article sterilized and its native microbial burden, these devices must be pre-set to exhibit a telltale in response to a single exposure dose; (b) since they do not read out in units of measure, they are not correlatable with established physical-chemical process parameters; (c) since they respond to an arbitrary but unspecified extent of processing, they are not usable for demonstrating that packages have passed throught the sterilizer, since for many articles a sterilizing dose could be achieved without these devices exhibiting their telltale response.
More rarely, as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,138,216 and 4,145,186, devices are described which purport to demonstrate the actual degree of exposure dose presented in a sterilizing chamber. While these devices do report quantitative results of exposure dose they have two disadvantages (a) These devices report out in arbitrary units of gauge displacement and the user must correlate gauge readings with sterilization process parameters; (b) the disclosed devices are complex assemblies of an inherently greater size and cost than the biological indicators which they are meant to replace, limiting their use in routine quality assurance.
The EO exposure measuring devices described herein read out in pre-calibrated physical-chemical units (for example, g-hr/l of EO exposure @ standard temperature) allowing immediate correlation with extensive data in the open literature relating g/l of EO, hours of time, and degrees of temperature to sterilizing efficacy. The residual EO measuring devices described herein read out in precalibrated physical-chemical units (for example, mg of EO), as well. These devices can be employed at significantly lower cost than biological indicators, with greater precision, and with no requirement for special user expertise. The design and manufacturing bases disclosed herein allow manufacture of membrane, film, and sheet compositions which can be prepared and joined by continuous processing, then cut to size without costly molding, assembly, or attaching steps.
I have now discovered a device and method for its use that permits the ready quantification of ethylene oxide exposure and content by physical-chemical means. The device of my invention, in its simplest form, comprises an ethylene oxide-diffusive transparent polymer substrate of a material defined herein as permitting "Case II" ethylene oxide transport in which is dispersed a reproducible concentration of a compound which is reactive with ethylene oxide and which undergoes a color change as a result of its reaction with ethylene oxide.
In use, to measure exposure, this device is placed in an ethylene oxide-containing environment, such as a sterilizing environment, usually in accompanyment with articles being sterilized at a measured temperature. In use to measure residual EO contents, the device is sealed in an ethylene oxide-impermeable container with the article being measured and heated. Thereafter, the device is removed from the environment and its color is determined visually or spectroscopically and compared to colors produced by standard exposures of the same material to known times and concentrations of ethylene oxide. As the rate of color change is predictably dependent upon temperature the standard exposures preferably are made at or about the test temperature. Alternatively, exposures may be determined in a temperature-variant environment as equivalent g-hr/l of ethylene oxide exposure at the standard temperature. Other aspects of my invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art by their reading of the accompanying DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS and appended claims.
In this specification, reference will be made to the drawings which accompany it. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graphic representation of the response of a device of this invention observed over time at constant ethylene oxide exposure;
FIG. 2 is a graphic representation of device response with changing integrated exposure dose;
FIG. 3 is a graphic representation of device response rate as a function of exposure temperature;
FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of device response when heated with an EO residual-bearing plastic.
FIGS. 5, 6, 7 are three pictorial views of three embodiments of the device of this invention.
The device of this invention collects and measures exposure such as sustained as a result of application of ethylene oxide sterilizing or fumigating processes. Alternately, it measures the EO volatilized in a confined space from residual-bearing materials.
By a sorption-diffusion mechanism, the device collects ethylene oxide gas, in a quantity directly proportional to the immediate, local ethylene oxide concentration and directly proportional to the duration of exposure. At a fixed temperature, the total quantity collected thus reflects the Time-Average-Ethylene Oxide Concentration integrated over the duration of exposure ##EQU1## where: C=EO concentration; t=exposure time).
By appropriate chemical reaction with a colorimetric agent in the device, a characteristic color is generated within the device whose intensity is directly proportional to the quantity of ethylene oxide collected and hence to the product of Time�Average�Concentration.
In contrast to prior art ethylene oxide-monitoring devices, a true dosimeter will have a response directly proportional to the first power of ethylene oxide concentration and to the first power of exposure time. Only such a first order response to both concentrations and time can result in equivalent readings for all concentration-time curves having the same integrated concentration-time product ##EQU2##
These relationships are shown graphically in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. In FIG. 1 the degree of color generation in devices of this invention, having been measured periodically over time by means of an absorbance measurement, is shown at three different constant ethylene oxide exposure concentrations. FIG. 2 shows the direct linear relationship between response (as measured by absorbance) and integrated exposure dose (Concentration�Exposure Time). Thus, this device can show in quantitative terms, the dose received by its environment such as during sterilization or the like. It should be clear that by measuring absorbance and knowing either the ethylene oxide concentration or the exposure time, the other could be determined from these graphs. Dosimeter response is dependent upon temperature. At high temperatures the response is greater than at lower temperatures. FIG. 3 shows graphically the relationship between dosimeter response rate and temperature. Typical laboratory data demonstrating dosimeter response as a function of exposure parameters are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________Laboratory Data Demonstrating Device ResponseAs a Function of Ethylene Oxide ExposureConcentration, Exposure Time, and ExposureTemperature EO Exposure Tempera- DosimeterSample Concentration Time ture Absorbance______________________________________1 0.39 g/l 1.0 hr 45� C. 0.172 0.39 g/l 2.0 hr 45� C. 0.313 0.39 g/l 3.0 hr 45� C. 0.504 0.39 g/l 4.0 hr 45� C. 0.715 0.66 g/l 1.0 hr 45� C. 0.256 0.66 g/l 2.0 hr 45� C. 0.527 0.66 g/l 3.0 hr 45� C. 0.858 0.66 g/l 4.0 hr 45� C. 1.209 0.92 g/l 1.0 hr 45� C. 0.3110 0.92 g/l 2.0 hr 45� C. 0.6711 0.92 g/l 3.0 hr 45� C. 1.1012 0.92 g/l 4.0 hr 45� C. 1.6213 0.66 g/l 1.0 35� C. 0.1414 0.66 g/l 2.0 35� C. 0.2815 0.66 g/l 3.0 35� C. 0.4416 0.66 g/l 4.0 35� C. 0.7817 0.66 g/l 1.0 55� C. 0.3318 0.66 g/l 2.0 55� C. 0.7219 0.66 g/l 3.0 55� C. 1.12______________________________________
The present device can also be used to measure ethylene oxide residual in an ethylene oxide-treated article.
In order to quantitatively determine the quantity of residuals present in an ethylene oxide-treated article, the device requires an adjunct device--an extraction container, and an external source of heat. The extraction container is a highly ethylene oxide-impermeable container which, when hermetically sealed, restricts escape of ethylene oxide which is volatilized from the article via heating. In use, the device and the item being tested are sealed in the extraction container and the container is heated. Alternately, two containers may be used, one in which the test article is heated to volatilize EO gas which is then transferred to a second container holding the residual test device.
The device itself is a "sink" or collector for ethylene oxide and works analogously to the process dosimeter. Color generation within the device is accomplished by incorporation of a color-forming substance. The intensity of color generated is proportional to the quantity of ethylene oxide collected, which is, in turn, proportional to the quantity of ethylene oxide volatilized within the extraction pouch, which, itself, relates directly to the quantity of ethylene oxide residual in the test article being tested.
The response of a device to levels of residual EO is demonstrated in FIG. 4.
The device of this invention provides a visual chemical indication of ethylene oxide exposure. It relies upon the property of a chemical herein referred to as a color-forming compound, to readily react with ethylene oxide and in that reaction to yield a color change. As a general rule, the chemicals that are employed should react with ethylene oxide at low temperatures, such as from about room temperature (20�-22� C.) through the usual temperatures in a sterilizing environment (30�-60� C.). The compounds that are employed are organic, nitrogen-containing compounds that form colored reaction products with ethylene oxide or products having altered ultraviolet absorption spectra. These nitrogen-containing compounds include 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine as well as amines including pyridines such as 2-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, 2,4-bis(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, 2,4,6-tris(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, 4-(o-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, and N-phenylbenzyl-pyridine; quinolines such as lepidine as well as other nitrogen-containing organic compounds such as 2,6-diaminoacridine, acridine, phenazine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, and carbazole. Among these representative materials 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine is most preferred. 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine may also be used in conjunction with a promoter or catalyst such as N,N'-bis(aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetra(methyl)-ethylene diamine, triethylenetetramine, triethylenediamine, ethanolamine or tris-(hydroxymethylamino)methane. Mixtures of two or more color-forming compounds may, of course, be used.
The color-forming compound is dispersed in a suitable support. The support should be essentially inert to ethylene oxide, should permit Case II transport (see later discussion) of ethylene oxide and should not be of a color that interferes with or masks determination of the color-producing reaction. The support generally is transparent.
The property of Case II transport or the like is important to the performance of the present device. Afrey, Turner and Lloyd in an article entitled "Transport of Organic Penetrant in Glassy Polymers" appearing in The Journal of Polymer Science C, 12, 240 (1966), (incorporated herein by reference) explained the concept of Case II transport. Under Case II conditions the quantity of penetrant sorbed varies with the first power of the time compared to the 1/2 power for Fickian (normal) transport. Thus, color generation, in the device of this application which follows quantity of EO sorbed, will be essentially a first order function of exposure time and a first order function of exposure level, i.e., it will respond proportionally to dose. Where color-forming compounds are impregnated into conventional supports, such as plastics exhibiting "normal" transport or paper, or the like, response may follow first power of exposure concentration but only follows the 1/2 power of time and thus does not indicate dose.
A support which sorbs ethylene oxide in quantity proportional to the first power of time and exposure concentration is defined to be a "Case II-Transport" support and to be a suitable support. Cellulose acetate is a representative Case II-transport support that is readily available and preferred. Other suitable materials include polystyrene, polycarbonates, and polyesters.
The color-forming chemical is dispersed through the support. Preferably the color former is dissolved in the support but it is also possible to distribute very finely divided particles of solid color-former throughout the volume of support, if desired.
The amount of color-forming chemical in the support should be a uniform known and/or reproducible amount. It should be chosen to provide a measurable degree of color change with the ethylene oxide exposure. Generally, amounts of color-forming chemical in the range of from 0.5 to 5%, preferably 2 to 4% by weight, based on the weight of support are employed.
The devices of this invention are often in the form of an essentially two dimensional film, tape, slip, sticker or the like. In these cases, it is often informative to express color-former amounts in terms of mg per square centimeter of device. In these terms, color former amounts of from 0.05 to 5 mg per square centimeter of device or support are employed with amounts of from 1 to 5 mg per square centimeter of device or support being preferred.
In its simplest form a device of this invention would consist essentially of a single layer of support with the color-forming compound dispersed through it, as depicted in FIG. 5 wherein the device 50 consists of a single layer 51. For some applications, it may be desirable to have additional layers in the device--such as a backing layer to provide means for strengthening or mounting or attaching the device in the environment of use. The backing layer, if present, should be of a material and thickness to be physically strong. It need not be permeable to ethylene oxide, although optionally it may have such permeability. The materials for the backing layer may include structural plastics such as polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, acrylic polymers, polyesters, or polycarbonate, or the like. It may include material such as cardboard, paper or the like as well as inorganics such as glass, aluminums and the like. In general, the backing material should be chosen for its economy, its physical strength and its ease of fabrication rather than any more exotic properties. This embodiment is depicted in FIG. 6 wherein the device 60, response layer 61, and backing layer 62 are distinguished.
In an alternative construction, plastics which are permeable to ethylene oxide but which exhibit "normal" or Fickian transport may be fabricated into forms which exhibit dosimeter character (first order response to EO concentration and time of exposure). This is accomplished by creating a fixed-thickness diffusion layer of a Fickian transport plastic such as permeable polyethylene, polypropylene or silicone polymers and laminating one or two such diffusion layers to a central collector membrane that has a higher diffusion constant than the diffusion layer of two collector membranes laminated around a central response material in which the color-forming compound(s) is (are) contained. This embodiment is depicted in FIG. 7 wherein the device 70 is composed of a response layer 72 surrounded by collector layers 71 and 73 which may be similar or dissimilar materials.
The various layers may be laminated to one another or glued or otherwise bonded so long as the bonding does not interfere with the supports transport of ethylene oxide or the color-former's reaction with ethylene oxide. The devices of this invention and their use are further described with reference to the following examples. These are presented merely to exemplify the invention and are not intended as limitations in its scope.
(1) Prepare a mixture of the following materials:
(a) 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine [0.001-0.1%]
(b) Methanol [1-10]
(c) Glycerol [0-25]
(d) Water [60-99]
(e) Tris (hydroxymethylamino)methane [0-5%].
(2) Immerse one or more sheets of a clear cellulose acetate plastic in the mixture from (1), above, and allow to stand for a fixed period of time, or until equilibrium sorption of the mixture from (1) by the plastic has been attained.
(3) After sorption, remove the plastic sheet(s) from the liquid mixture, rinse with water and/or alcohol, and wipe dry with a squeegee or soft cloth.
(4) Cut the plastic sheet(s) into chips of a size and shape appropriate to the intended application or process as shown in Preparation C.
(1) Prepare a mixture of the following materials: Add in order indicated, and stir, with mild heating such as to 50� C., until a clear solution is achieved.
(a) Methanol [70-90%] or Methanol/Methylene Chloride mixture
(b) Polyethylene glycol or glycerol [0-30%]
(c) Hydroxpropyl cellulose or cellulose acetate (pellets or powder) [5-25%]
(d) Tris(hydroxymethylamino)methane [0-5%]
(e) Water [0-10%]
(f) 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine [2-20%]
(2) Cast the solution from (1), above, on a smooth, noncontaminating surface to make a layer of uniform thickness.
(3) Allow the casting to stand on a level plane at room temperature, or with heating, if desired, until a dry sheet results.
(4) Cut the plastic sheet(s) into chips of a size and shape appropriate to the intended application or further process as shown in Preparation C.
(1) Laminate the response material sheets prepared in either Preparation A or Preparation B to one or two plastic films of the following type(s) using heat and/or pressure lamination, adhesive bonding, mechanical joining, or solvent or extrusion overcasting techniques.
(a) Polyolefin
(b) Polyester
(c) Ionomer
(d) Vinyl Polymer
(e) Halogenated Polyolefin
(f) Halogenated Vinyl
(g) Polycarbonate
(h) Acrylic Polymer
(i) Polyamide
(j) Cellulose Ester
(k) Polyphenylene
(l) Silicone Polymer
(1) Prepare or purchase pouches or other hermetically sealable containers from sheets or films of material having very low gas permeability such as the following:
(a) Aluminum
(b) Polyethyleneterephthalate
(c) Halogenated polyolefin
(d) Halogenated vinyl polymer. These containers should be large enough to admit and enclose small objects that have been subjected to ethylene oxide sterilization.
(1) Cut chips from the materials made in Preparations A through C of a size and shape which will enable them to be placed into a photometer for subsequent measurement of light absorbance.
(2) Place one or more of the chips from (1), above, into a chamber or flow stream used to sterilize, fumigate, or disinfect articles by ethylene oxide exposure.
(3) Expose the chip(s) along with the article(s) to be treated.
(4) At the end of the treatment, remove the chips and determine their optical absorbance by a suitable photometer, or visually by reference to standard colors. Alternately, treat the chip with a solution of basic catalyst prior to reading to enhance response.
(5) Determine the magnitude of treatment exposure in units of Agent Concentration (mg or g of ethylene oxide, etc.) times Exposure Time (hours, minutes, etc.) at a specified temperature by reference to a standard curve obtained from well-controlled exposures carried out at known concentrations, times, and temperatures. (FIG. 2 is an example of such a standard curve.)
(6) Where exposure time and temperature have been measured independently, Time�Average ethylene oxide concentration (i.e., total dosage) may be computed from a standard curve such as that shown in FIG. 1.
(7) Where exposure temperature has not been constantly controlled the combined integral indicative of exposure concentration, temperature, and time may be computed from the response on the exposure dose standard curve (FIG. 2) using the temperature curve (FIG. 3) for correction.
(1) Cut chips from Preparations A, B, C or D. The chips should be of a size and shape which will enable them to be placed into a photometer for subsequent measurement of light absorbance or reflectance.
(2) Place one chip from (1), above, along with an accurately determined quantity of some article which has previously been treated with ethylene oxide, into a pouch or container described as Preparation D.
(3) Hermetically seal the chip and article in the container and heat at a specified temperature (e.g. 70� C.) for a specified period of time, such as three hours.
(4) After treatment (3), above, remove the chip and determine its optical absorbance or reflectance by an appropriate photometer, or visually. Alternately, treat the chip with a solution of basic catalyst prior to reading to enhance response.
(5) By reference to a standard curve such as FIG. 4 prepared by similarly treating articles of known residual ethylene oxide content, one can compute the quantity of residual ethylene oxide present in the article under test.
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Device Mounts & Cradles
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Anyone try growing chyote or 'Budha's palm' squash?
How do you make the squash sprout from its seed? Do you cut out the flesh and put the seed in water, such as growing an avacado seed? Or do you leave the squash alone until it starts to sprout on its own as in potatos? Any help would be appreciated.
It's quite true that chayote fruits will sprout just sitting on a shelf, but . . .
1. they probably need to be mature, whereas the stage at which thay are best eaten is when not fully matured, so the single seed is not fully developed
2. they probably require a certain minimum temperature
Thank you all for answering my question. My chayote finnally start to sprout a little bit, but it's too cold to plant it outdoor this time of the year. Maybe I should plant them in pots, I hope they don't die when it's time to transplant outside.
Chayote does not do well in pots. If you are going to pot them, transplant them out as soon as possible. Another option is to wait a bit longer (they will continue to sprout), or plant them out & protect them. I planted spiny chayote last winter (I know this was the wrong time) & covered them. They survived & are starting to grow with the spring heat.
Mine sprouted very well on the kitchen counter. I moved it to a sunny windowsil and did nothing. When I moved it outside the vine was about 2 feet tall. I had no choice but to plant it in a big pot. 2 weeks later it is now wanting to trellis. Thanks for all your info.
They sprout easily and quickly on the kitchen counter. Buried with the crease just at ground level, the plant grows great and starts to climb immediately. The rest of the fruit turns to goopy fertilizer.
I grew chayote (Sechium edule) when I lived in San Jose, California. The tips given above for planting the fruit (bottom half buried) will work. You can also start the seed early in a large pot, but like most gourds, take care to disturb the roots as little as possible during transplanting (a lining of newspaper inside the pot will help hold the root ball together during transplant). Other facts you should know:
(1) Chayote does not always come true from seed, so the fruit from your plants may be different than what you started with. Mine was more spiney than the original (but larger).
(2) Vines are perennial, as long as the ground is not allowed to freeze. Mulch may be required for protection. The tops are killed by frost, but the roots will go dormant, and the vines will resprout from the roots when weather warms. Keep the soil moist during dormancy, the roots are shallow & tender... in dry desert areas, mulch is a _must_.
(3) Expect ENORMOUS vines, and trellis accordingly. If you have the space, the best method is a "T" trellis like that used for grapes, or a large 2-by-4 box frame with chicken wire across the top. Train the first runners to the top with string, then just let them run. My trellis was a 15 X 30 foot area mounted 6 feet high; 2 plants covered it densely - and beyond.
(4) It is recommended that you have at least 2 plants, for proper pollination and higher yield.
(5) Chayote is very daylength-sensitive, and will not blossom until days are short (at which time the entire vine begins to flower). Unfortunately for most of us in the U.S., that is not until late August - early September. So you need a long season to be successful, unless the vines will be protected. With the cheap "hoop house" greenhouses, protection may be worthwhile... the vines get stronger, and yield more, each year. With 2 vines, I went from 50 fruits the first year, to over 150 the second, and 200 the third!
(6) Try to pinch back all but the strongest 2 or 3 runners. Don't throw them away, the vine tips are very tasty as a vegetable. Good luck!
Wow, thanks for starting this thread, macaronicat! I was just outside staring blankly at my dad's two Chayote plants wondering what to do with them. He randomly takes care of his plants, so I usually have to jump in.
I've got a question to add...
My dad's planted his two Chayote about an inch apart from each other. One is a good foot or more high, the other is about four inches. Can I still carefully dig and transplant the shorter plant? And if that can be done, how far should I plant them from each other?
Thanks a lot!
One is a good foot or more high, the other is about four inches. Can I still carefully dig and transplant the shorter plant? And if that can be done, how far should I plant them from each other?
Of course. Space about 2 feet apart.
How to Transplant
Tips to use for optimum transplanting assuming your destination soil is prepared and ready to go:
1) Prepare your destination location. Dig the destination holes. Make sure it is ready to go.
2) Make sure the plant is hydrated.
If in a container, submerge the continer in a bucket or tub of water and hold it down until all air bubbles are out. Then leave it there for 20 minutes so it can take a good, long drink. Do not soak overnight. You'll smother your plant if you do that. Please do not keep roots underwater overnight. More plants die from too much water than from dehydration. Plants recover better from dehydration than from the roots being deprived of oxygen. Keep in mind that roots need equal parts water, oxygen, and nutrients.
If in the ground, water well a good 2-4 hours before moving.
Want to make it even better? Fill the bucket of water early in the day in a sunny area so it can warm up resulting in sun warmed water.
3) Move plants in the evening when the sun is less direct. Don't disturb plants until you are ready to transplant in the new location. Get them transplanted before dark and they will have one whole night to relax and adjust to their new home before dealing with light. Never let roots sit in sun or wind.
4) Move plants when it is not windy. Sun and wind are hard on roots, if even for a few minutes so avoid it if at all possible.
5) Transplant before a rain. This is the most recommended and has the highest success rate. Especially if it's going to rain the next day and you can plant the evening before. Try it... you'll see.
6) Dig around the plant at least as wide as the edges of the outer leaves and depending on the size of the plant, 6-8 inches down - less if the plant is smaller, more if the plant is larger. If the plant is a small shrub like rosemary, dig around the plant a few inches further then the outer edges of the leaves. You can quickly determine where the majority of the root system is and what is best to dig out.
7) Be Gentle. Never handle young plants only by the stem (you wouldn't want someone picking you up only by your neck), always support the base. Keep as much of the soil around the root in tact as possible. In addition to the root system you can see with your eye, there is an entire system you can not see called mycorrhizas which are anatomically intimate associations between fine (feeder) roots of plants and some special soil borne fungi. If you disturb the soil around the roots, you disturb this delicate system.
If it is rootbound, then you'll have to gently loosen the roots so they don't continue to strangle themselves.
8) Once you get your plant where you want it, fill in with soil, and water it in (again, best with sun warmed water) so the surrounding area is moistened.
That's it! You're done and you can feel confident you gave your transplant the best chance of a stress free change you could possibly do.
Your plants will reward you because they've received the best TLC they could get from their caretaker.
Extra Details:
Do not soak overnight. You'll smother your plant if you do that. Please do not keep roots underwater overnight. More plants die from too much water than from dehydration. Plants recover better from dehydration than from the roots being deprived of oxygen. Keep in mind that roots need equal parts water, oxygen, and nutrients.
The above tips were given assuming your soil is "ready" meaning you've had your soil test and made any necessary amendments. I do not recommend fertilizing at the time of transplant (WHAT?!). "Many gardeners make the mistake of overfertilizing. This practice can lead to nutrient deficiencies because of nutrients binding to the excess elements. Restoring nutrient balance after applying too much fertilizer is nearly impossible in the short run."
1) Get your soil tested by a lab. This is the only way to be 100% sure. Don't guess. You actually save time, money, and work by only adding what you need. Check with your state's Extension Service. They'll tell you what you need to do to get it tested. It's usually only $6.00 -$12.00 (mine was $9.00) which is what home kits cost but don't tell you nearly as much as a lab can tell you. Then you won't be guessing as to what state your soil is in or wasting money on amendments you don't need. They'll tell you exactly how much of what elements you need to add to your soil per square foot (if any). Stick with compost and natural sources of organic matter instead of fertilizers which can render your soil sterile in the long run. If you have more soil questions, browse the Soil Compost Mulch Forum Is there another way? Yes, raised beds or container gardening where you add the growing medium used in #5 below.
2) Incorporate real organic matter and shredded newspaper (not just compost) into your soil. Worms love it. If you don't have worms in your soil, the worms don't like your soil and the plants won't like it either.
3) Read about Building Fertile Soil.
4) Read about Fertilizing a vegetable garden, not so you can apply more, but so you're informed on the topic. A little goes a long way. Most experienced gardeners will dilute any fertilizer to half of the recommended strength if they use it at all.
5) Eliminate the use of anything but compost made from a variety of organic materials. Lay off the fertilizer - you don't need it if you have enough compost. If you don't believe me, look here.
So when I say "I do not recommend fertilizing at the time of transplant." This means get informed. Read the info provided at the links above and prep your soil well before you ever plant anything, then you won't need to fertilize. If you do - be *sure* you are not guessing or adding because it makes you feel better. If you had your soil tested, made the proper adjustments, and added plenty of compost made from multiple sources, then research the specific needs of the plant you are putting in to see if it prefers anything specific. And never add chemical fertilizers, stick to things like diluted solutions of fish emulsion, liquid kelp, compost tea, etc.
Kayan, I just dusted off my vintage 1984 Sunset "New Western Garden Book" (I knew it would come in handy someday) and found that I once gardened in your zone, during my California years. I was living in San Jose at the time (Sunset 15), but gardening a large plot on utility land near the NASA wind tunnel facility.
One of the local Master Gardeners got me interested in chayote. There are (or were?) information pamphlets on chayote available through the U.C. Extension (U.C. Davis had them, if I remember correctly). The pamphlet was very detailed, and would probably be of great help to you.


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Thurman Ward
Thurman Ward, 77, of Bryant, Arkansas and Fairdealing, Missouri, passed away on Tuesday, July 5 2011.
Funeral services were held at 11 a.m. on Saturday, July 9, at Griffin Leggett Forest Hills Funeral Home with Brother Dan Duncan officiating. Burial followed in Forest Hills Memorial Park.
He was born in Crenshaw, Miss. on March 18, 1934 to Homer and Emma (Lott) Ward. A pastor and evangelist for over 40 years, Thurman spent his life living the great commission. He wanted everyone to hear the gospel. Being a Godly man, he raised his children in the love of the Lord and enjoyed every minute he spent in the company of his wife and his family.
Thurman was preceded in death by his parents, Homer and Emma Ward; his son Dennis Ward; his grandson Davey Ward and his grandson Isaac Byrd; his sister Ellie Dupuis and his brother Homer E. Ward.
He leaves to cherish his memory, his wife of over 59 years, Pansy (Pat); his children Glen (Joy) Ward of Bryant and Patricia (Shelby) Byrd of Warm Springs, AR; two brothers, Rick (Karen) Ward and Wilfred (Lynn) Ward; three sisters, Hattie Ashworth, Cora Clemmer and Ruth (Jimmy) Mangrum; nine grandchildren; fourteen great grandchildren and a host of extended family and friends, all who will miss him dearly.
Memorials may be made to Outreach for Christ, P.O. Box 501, Bryant, AR 72089.
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Volvo XC70 LED Lights
If you are looking for style and luxury in your next ride, then you need to consider the Volvo XC70. This vehicle is an all weather vehicle with the ability to survive the foulest weather conditions. The cabin area is spacious and the cargo room is decent. The Volvo XC70 has a decent ride quality and competent handing. The only drawback here is the incandescent light bulb, which needs replacing with LED lights from CARiD. Incandescent light bulbs start off well in the beginning but progressively get dimmer with time. The constant need to replace incandescent bulbs makes them uneconomic and unsustainable in the long run. On the other hand, LED lights have a long life. They do not wear out with use. LED lights are also economical. They require very little power to operate. CARiD stocks a variety of LED lighting solutions to cater for the differing needs of its customers.
Volvo XC70 LED lights are designed by competent professionals using sophisticated tools to ensure precision and reliable service. They are made from premium materials to guarantee the finished product meets with the expectations of the market. Installing LED lights in front improves visibility on the road at night. The headlight kit is mounted under the headlight assembly or on the front grille to provide a clear vision of the road ahead. You are no longer subjected to the dim light of an incandescent light bulb, which creates a strain on the eyes, and fatigue leading to loss of concentration and poor judgment on the road. Installing LED lights at the back of your car improves safety. These lights are mounted on the rear mud flap or license plate frame of your car. They are reputed to light up earlier than incandescent light bulbs giving motorists behind sufficient time to respond to any turn or brake signals from the vehicle ahead.
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Bleach Cosplay
Gotei Squad Cosplay
Cosplay any of the 13 members of the Gotei Squad with one of these awesome cosplay costumes. Get 12 of your friends together and dominate your next con.
The Gotei 13 Division Imperial Guards also called the 13 Court Guard Squads in America, is the central organization which most Soul Reapers join. It is split into thirteen divisions, duh. So if you want to cosplay Gotei Squad you should really get a bunch of people together and have each division represented.
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Looking For S. 'Leah Wikerson'
petiolaris(Neutral)September 26, 2009
I am willing to work out a trade or pay postage for a specimen.
Got the plant from Brooks himself
The plant arrived. Healthy roots and strong growing point.
I had read that it was a big plant but Wow, it towers over my other sarracenias. If the Leucophylla "Titan" had pitchers the "Leah Wilkerson" would be equal in height.
Got the plant from Brooks himself
It will be a while before I am able to divide it.
Wish me luck!
Yepee! It rained all afternoon.
I was getting low on rain water.
Don't know if everyone knows of Meadowview Biological Research Station (link: http://www.pitcherplant.org/Catalog2009.pdf ) but they have a wonderful online catalog.
Found out about it off Sarraceniaobsessed. Only source I know for some rare carnivorous plants.


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Gorilla Zoe - Lost ft. Lil' Wayne
Artist: Gorilla Zoe
Featuring: Lil Wayne
Producer: Drumma Boy
Album: Don't Feed the Animals
Avg Rating: 3.9 ( 76 votes )
During a recent interview inside the DJ Booth, Block Ent./Bad Boy South artist Gorilla Zoe described his style of music as "kudzu," explaining that he can "wrap around anything" and adapt to many musical styles. To demonstrate, the ATLien's new buzz single Lost features no rapping at all; rather, Zoe relies on his bass sung vocals (and some autotune) to help tell the story of just how empty the hood lifestyle can leave you feeling. Autotune master Lil' Wayne shares a similar tale (involving his purple syrup addiction), and Drumma Boy's production completes the illustration to make Lost some Gorilla Zoe's most interesting work to date. For more versatile music, pick up Zoe's sophomore album Don't Feed The Animals, set to be released on September 23.
Written by Burmy on 07/29/08
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Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswa Vidyalayam : Valedictory of international conference on 'Advances in mathematical and computational methods'; B.Krishna Gandhi, Vice-Chancellor of JNTU Anantapur is chief guest; SPMVV Indira Priyadarsini auditorium, 3 pm.
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Kendriya Vidyalaya - I: Deputy Superintendent of Police (Traffic) K.V. Ratnam to inaugurate 'Road safety week'; School premises, 8.25 am.
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