text:
A color: Light gray photo with: Back chiffon drape pullover Denim ultra underwear (LL size wearing) A model: 156cm
A color: Pink beige A model: 156cm
A color: Khaki photo with: Leo gone dopp lint V neck one piece
A model: 156cm
An upper color: Black photo with: 深 V T-cloth short sleeves cut-and-sew
A lower color: Light gray photo with: The reference mentioned above
An upper color: A pink beige lower color: Khaki photo with: The reference mentioned above
A color: Black photo with: Tuck reshuffling print one piece
A color: Khaki photo with: Plain fabric maxiskirt one piece
A color: Light gray photo with: Race errand fraise tank top floral design twill leggings underwear
◆The details of the measure of the size are this place
|JP Post EMS
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Start Date: 01/03/2015 00:00 JST
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text:
The gPhone, Hardware And All
A little over two years ago, the world — or at least a whole lot of geeks — waited with baited breath for the revelation that Google would be entering the mobile phone market. The eventual announcement proved a curveball, however, as what the search giant unveiled were plans for an operating system, not a handset. Now, that curve has finally straightened.
Tempered though it was by the Open Source success that is Android, disappointment has lingered among some over the gPhone that was not. As of yesterday, however, those grieving their Google handsets can finally dry their tears: Company executives announced Tuesday morning that the gPhone is finally a reality.
Christened the Nexus One and manufactured by HTC — the acknowledged expert in Android phones, with nearly half of those available to its credit — the handset is what most observers would expect. It offers tight integration with Google's suite of web services, including a new Google Earth application and GPS-integrated Google Maps. It also adds voice-control options not found in previous Android offerings. While voice-based searching has long been available in Android, as has a limited set of other voice features, the Nexus One offers universal voice-to-text capability — wherever there is a text field, you can speak your way into it.
The usual lineup is present as well: Bluetooth, 5-megapixel camera with flash, accelerometer, integrated social networking, a virtual keyboard, and WiFi, among others. One unique feature is noise-cancellation, made possible by a pair of microphones on either side that allow the phone to automatically adjust to ambient noise level. It's 1GHz processor — Qualcomm's Snapdragon — is an item of note, as is the inclusion of a standard 3.5mm headphone jack, something sorely missing on most offerings on the market. The obligatory full-feature tour is available from the Googlephone site, along with a YouTube channel filled with its own share of demos, tours, and feature overviews.
Google is well known not just for innovation, but also for deviation — from the norm, that is — and the Nexus is no exception. Unlike the vast majority of mobile devices on the market, the gPhone is not carrier exclusive, and can be purchased direct from Google for a bargain-basement $529. At the moment, T-Mobile — which offered the original Android-based G1 — is the only provider offering a US-based service bundle, and will happily subsidize the price down to $179 in exchange for a two-year contract. Additional carriers, including Vodafone in Europe, are in the works. The move, while hardly a first, is an interesting one, as it begins to break the lock-in that guarantees providers a captive audience.
By all indications, the Nexus won't be a one-off shot, either. The company's announcements speak of "connect[ing] Google's online users with selected Android devices" and "a simple purchasing process, simple service plans from operators, simple and worry-free delivery and start-up." Whether or not the Nexus and its progeny will live up to Google's pronouncements — "superphone" is the word-of-the-day it would seem — remains to be seen, but it is certainly poised to join Android in making a noticeable dent in the mobile phone world.
Justin Ryan is a Contributing Editor for Linux Journal.
Open source software
The gPhone, Hardware And All post thanx;)
I appreciate the concern which is been rose. The things need to be
sorted out because it is about the individual but it can be with
everyone.The initiative taken for the concern is very serious and need an
attention of every one. This is the concern which exists in the
society and needs to be eliminated from the society as soon as
Serve Technology
I appreciate the concern which is been rose. The things need to be
sorted out because it is about the individual but it can be with
everyone.The initiative taken for the concern is very serious and need an
attention of every one. This is the concern which exists in the
society and needs to be eliminated from the society as soon as
Serve Technology
$529 is a bargain??
Open source software must pay a lot better than I thought. Nobody tells me anything.
Im sure the hardware costs
Im sure the hardware costs are responsible for the majority of that amount :)
But will it work in Canada?
But will it work in Canada?
That's a tall basement you've got there ....
... can be purchased direct from Google for a bargain-basement $529.
I can buy two netbooks for that price. How is it a "bargain"?
It's cheaper than retail for
It's cheaper than retail for an unlocked iPhone and the two netbooks don't fit in your pocket or get internet where there is no wifi.
Psst-- it's "bated" breath.
Psst-- it's "bated" breath. Unless you eat worms :)
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Chen v. Ochsner Clinic Foundation et al
|Ochsner Clinic and Ochsner Clinic Foundation
|Hui G. Chen
|Case Number:
|September 11, 2013
|Louisiana Eastern District Court
|New Orleans Office
|Presiding Judge:
|Mary Ann Vial Lemmon
|Referring Judge:
|Daniel E. Knowles
|Nature of Suit:
|Cause of Action:
|Jury Demanded By:
Available Case Documents
The following documents for this case are available for you to view or download:
|Date Filed
|Document Text
|January 12, 2014
|ORDER AND REASONS granting in part and denying in part 3 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Signed by Judge Mary Ann Vial Lemmon on 1/9/14. (cbn)
|December 3, 2014
|ORDER granting 24 Motion for Summary Judgment as to plaintiff's claims brought under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq.; 42 U.S.C. § 1981; Louisiana Revised Statutes § 23:301, et seq.; the Ame ricans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. § 12101, et seq.; and, La. Rev. Stat. § 23:322, et seq., and those claims are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiff's claim brought under La. Rev. Stat. § 13:1361and his claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress are DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE. Signed by Judge Mary Ann Vial Lemmon on 12/2/14. (cbn)
Access additional case information on PACER
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italian greyhound posters, dog posters, stare posters, expressive posters, emotional posters, soulful posters, eye contact posters, animal posters, black and white posters, pet posters
All prints ship in durable cardboard tubes.
Fine Art America is one of the largest, most-respected giclee printing companies in the world with over 40 years of experience producing museum-quality posters and prints. All of our posters are produced on state-of-the-art, professional-grade Epson printers.
We use acid-free paper with archival inks to guarantee that your posters last a lifetime without fading or loss of color. All posters include a 1" white border around the image to allow for future framing and matting, if desired.
Posters ship within 3 - 4 business days in durable cardboard tubes.
A Dog's Prayer: Treat me kindly, my beloved friend, for no heart in the entire world is more grateful for your kindness than mine. Don't be angry with me for long, and don't lock me up as punishment. After all, you have your job, your friends and your entertainment. I only have you. ------ A portion of the profits from this print will support Animal Rescue.
Angela's love for photography began in 2004 when she enrolled in a photography course at the college she was attending. She spent countless hours shooting film and printing in the darkroom and was hooked! It was there that she began to appreciate the art, talent, and hard work that separates an impactful photograph from a boring picture. It was and remains a humbling but liberating experience for her. AK Photography LLC was formed in 2008 as an extension of that experience and the hope to continue in it by sharing it with others. The majority of Angela's time as a freelance photographer is spent capturing nature and documenting sporting events. All images � Angela Rath | AK Photography LLC.
Our return policy is very simple:
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text:
|Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | Lounge | The Wire | Audio | Arcade
Join Date: Oct 2009
Posts: 28,695
Rep Power: 76
Points: 10,029,220,116,192,062.00
Bank: 13,828,831,760,122,740.00
Total Points: 23,858,051,876,314,800.00
Prime Liston knocks out Fraizer.
But echoing what other's have said, in 1969, Liston was done and Frazier was fresh in his prime.
He'd have beat Liston up bad at that point.
Strong champion.
Join Date: Oct 2010
Location: Boston.
Posts: 29,483
Rep Power: 110
Points: 6,002,681,685,193.57
Bank: 346,481,030,925,894.50
Total Points: 352,483,712,611,088.06
i too think liston's length and his power would give frazier issues as he came forward and that he'd probably beat joe via decision if they were both in their primes.
but in 1969 frazier would have beat the bag out of him bro and you ain't joking.
Days Of Glory
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: SCOTLAND
Age: 30
Posts: 15,549
Rep Power: 56
Points: 200,112,984,788,213.09
Bank: 579,544,813,268.74
Total Points: 200,692,529,601,481.84
Im sticking with the popular view here:
69' - Its Frazier all the way
Prime for Prime - Liston knocks him out, within 4, 5 or 6 at a push but only because Sonny was far more patient than Foreman
Id root for Frazier though, one of the very few select Heavys id do so over Liston
Hookin' With Hookers
Join Date: May 2008
Location: Los Angeles / Buffalo
Posts: 928
Rep Power: 8
Points: 666.57
Bank: 1,418,477.71
Total Points: 1,419,144.28
Mexico = GOAT :mexico1:
Join Date: Apr 2011
Posts: 1,664
Rep Power: 0
Points: 5,037,322.14
Bank: 0.00
Total Points: 5,037,322.14
I'm gonna buck the trend and say prime for prime- Smokin Joe takes him out in the 12th in a barnburner of a fight. Joe wins because he takes the punishment better than Liston, but then again I always thought Liston was overrated
Undisputed Champion
Join Date: Oct 2006
Posts: 5,338
Rep Power: 23
Points: 107,812,123.86
Bank: 0.00
Total Points: 107,812,123.86
I agree with Liston, it would be like shooting fish in a barrel.
Brawling inside with Liston is a suicidal idea, even if you're trying to bob and weave while you do it.
|frazier, liston
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text:
Jennifer Coolidge
Jonathan Kite Promises 'More Chest Hair' on 2 Broke Girls
Originally posted 09/24/2012 04:55PM
Jonathan Kite, who plays a short-order cook Oleg in 2 Broke Girls, says the show will serve up a fresh slice of all-American comedy when it returns to CBS Monday.
"It's just so real," he says of the show, which also stars Kat Dennings and Beth Behrs. "We're in New York, dealing with the economy. It has people who are struggling, small businesses – that's what America's been founded on."
The actor, 33, spoke with PEOPLE about L.A.'s diner scene, his favorite guest stars and where he wants to be in Hollywood.
On diners: "I think it's so funny when diners have carpet," Kite says. "You think to yourself [food] is going to spill. And it just looks like a giant Jackson Pollack painting. It just looks smelly."
Sienna: Being Jude's Girl Is Hard
Originally posted 10/18/2004 06:00AM
There is a dark side to being one-half of sexy couple Jude Law and Sienna Miller – so she told us at the London premiere of their movie Alfie last week. "I'm not coping very well with all the attention, if I'm honest," confided the British actress. "You just become very thick-skinned and a little bit cynical and keep your family and friends close by." As for the recent rumors about the couple becoming engaged, Miller, 22, said: "It's rubbish – we're not getting married. It's absolutely not true." On a lighter note, we asked her just how much Law resembles his womanizing title character in the movie. "The good bits Jude has," she told us, "and thank God he doesn't have the bad ones." After the premiere, the couple appeared at the afterparty at Koko, a refurbished theater-cum-nightclub in London's Camden section. They posed for the cameras outside, then dashed straight to the VIP room without passing through the party. Alfie opens Nov. 5.
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text:
- Product Information
Product Description
Our 10" Glitter Microphone makes a great prop for the stars of your show. These glitter microphone novelties are packed in a poly bag of 1 dozen pieces. Please order in increments of 1 dozen.
- Questions & Answers
- Reviews
Customer Reviews
- Girls loved them Review by B-Day Party Mom
Ordered these for my 9-year-old's Oscar B-day party. The girls loved them. But the mic head is glitter glued to plastic, and starts falling off as soon as you pull the wrapped package out of the box. But the girls didn't seem to mind getting glitter everywhere. The really loved touching the mics to each other's hair to a glittery hairstyle. :)
(Posted on 4/29/12)
- Fun Glitter Microphone Review by BGB
These are give away in a theatrical donation basket or used in our creative dramatics classes for youth and teens.
(Posted on 12/28/11)
- Product met my expectations Review by Skit planner
I used this in a pantomime skit. These were perfect for what we needed and the shipping was very fast. Thank you.
I would order from you again, but I would not fill out a review again....way tooo long!
(Posted on 10/3/11)
- Wow! What a hit! Glitter Fabulous! Review by Mama D
I used the Glitter microphones at my daughters Dance Party as a craft. They were a Big hit. I had the girls glue feathers and stick stickers and gems on the microphones. Buying the microphones with the glitter saved me a step in having a mess if they were to glue the glitter themselves.This project was a fun way for the girls to express themselves as little Divas. The microphones were beautiful!
(Posted on 3/22/11)
- Could be better... Review by StephGWA
I used these as decorations at a Hollywood themed party. They did the job, but were very poor quality. Many of them were shedding sparkles and missing big spots of sparkles, which made them look extremely cheap. I did not expect a wonderful product, but these were below my expectations.
(Posted on 11/29/10)
Write Your Own Review
Spend a Day in Paris with a Paris Party!
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Get Instant Pricing with Edmunds Price Promise℠
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2012 Suzuki SX4 Hatchback Crossover 4dr Hatchback AWD (2.0L 4cyl 6M)
The SX4 is a great all around general purpose vehicle, especially the Crossover.
This car is heavy, solid, and handles great when driving around twisty back roads.
Suzuki is biased towards building great handling cars rather then simply ones that accelerate fast.
The SX4 Crossover is NOT an economy car.
It easily weighs over 3000 with a driver and full tank of fuel.
This is a vehicle that tries to do everything well and succeeds.
Some cars just do one thing well, like a Prius getting great mileage or a Wrangler being good in the middle of the woods.
You will get fed up with that when you need a car that does something else.
The SX4 is that very car, and a reliable one.
Read the full review
2012 Suzuki SX4 Hatchback Crossover 4dr Hatchback AWD w/Technology Pkg (2.0L 4cyl CVT)
We own two 2011 Suxuki SX4 Crossovers, one with CVT, the other with the manual transmission.
Both are worthy performers in both dry and inclimate weather.
I've done several 600 mile days in both cars and found them more comfortable than many full size cars.
I particularly appreciate the i4wd system which allows for either 2wd or 4wd operation.
In snow deeper than the rocker panels I had no problem with traction, steering, or braking.
Both cars are averaging well over 28 MPG in town, which is quite a bit higher than the EPA estimated mileage.
Read the full review
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text:
How can I find out about the entertainment and bands on the Fantasy for next Aug.05?
Re: Entertainment
They will not have that information until at least 6 months before the sailing date and maybe less. You can contact Carnival's home office and they can tell you when the time is much closer.
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text:
If the author of this article was from Kentucky, the question wouldn't be "Can an entire film really be built around the dislike of one player?", it would be "Can an entire 3 film trilogy really be built around the dislike of one player?"
I hope Chester (a caller who calls into Kentucky Radio shows, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5BE4Pd941Y) will get in on this!
I would love to see the NCAA put John Pennington in charge of football scheduling! I'm guessing the only cupcakes teams would get would be Kentucky and Vanderbilt!
I dont know John...UK was willing to play every game in the state of Indiana. Also Indiana didnt make that compromise until a week after they announced the series was over


text:
The ANNUAL Veterans Day Celebration will once again be held at Manzanita Place (thanks to the Elks Lodge) at 1705 Manzanita, Chico, CA. Doors open at 12:30PM and the program starts at 1PM. Featured will be Allen Sherwood CDR USN(ret.) talking about "The Battle of Midway", Specially prepared "Challenge Coins" will be presented to Honored Guests of that era. The same coins will be available to the public for a nominal donation after the event. A FREE Hot Dog and Bean Lunch will follow.
Back to Events
Veteran's Day Celebration
Location: Manzanita Place
- 12:30pm–6:00pm Sunday, November 11, 2012
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KZFR Studio - 341 Broadway #416
6:00pm, 4-1-2015
Downtown Chico
6:00pm, 4-2-2015
Chico, Oroville, Paradise
8:00am, 4-4-2015
Chico Women's Club
7:30pm, 4-10-2015
KZFR Studios
6:00am, 4-22-2015
Downtown Chico Plaza
6:00pm, 4-23-2015
Chico Women's Club
7:00pm, 4-24-2015
End Of Normal
12:00pm, 5-9-2015


text:
Need to remove itunes completely
I need to clean up iTunes from my computer, sounds like it's corrupted. I have HP Pavilion laptop, MS Vista home I uninstalled everything from Apple, had trouble removing Quicktime, warning that removing some extensions could cause problems. Over my head. I saw previous recommendations about REVO, is this what I should use, if so, need a safe link. I need to reinstall iTunes after it's cleaned up. Thank you for your help.
Please download and install Revo Uninstaller Free. See link below:
* Double click Revo Uninstaller to run it.
* From the list of programs double click on The Program to remove.
* When prompted if you want to uninstall click Yes.
* Be sure the Moderate option is selected then click Next.
* The program will run, If prompted again click Yes
* when the built-in uninstaller is finished click on Next.
* Once the program has searched for leftovers click Next.
* Check/tick the bolded items only on the list then click Delete
* when prompted click on Yes and then on next.
* put a check on any folders that are found and select delete
* when prompted select yes then on next
* Once done click Finish.
Here is a link that might be useful: Revo Uninstaller Free
Hi terrapots
When you went to the website, there should have been a small box that popped up, in that box you select "Save File" save it to the desktop, once saved to the desktop, double click the file to run revo. Or you can just download the 30 day trial, and delete it when done.
Sometimes when a prgram isn't behaving correctly, you can reinstall it on top of the old install (ie, without first removing it) and that will correct the problem. Sometimes, sometimes not.
Rather than expending effort on trying to remove the last vestiges of what was there, it'll take just a few easy minutes to try simply reinstalling iTunes and see if that fixes your problem.


text:
Quality Inn White House
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Day 45
... I think I cycled about 12 miles so not bad going at all. Also saw the setting for a scene in Nashville that I recognized so I was thrilled!!! The interview was kind of stressful before hand, I was the only one in my room so I thought it would be fine however I asked and their was 4 other people arriving soon. Just two minutes before the interview started 4 new people came in so I ran along to the mezzanine area in the hostel ...
Leaving Conway Arkansas
... place to work with an enthusiastic student body and no fraternities. Jim and I then took the kids for a swim, while Sue caught up with Suzanne and did some laundry. Jim and I then picked up the most amazing barbecue from "The Whole Hog" that I've ever had. I ate until my stomach hurt it was so good. The ribs had a spicy sweet smoky goodness that I would love to replicate, though I failed to buy the spice rub that they had on sale in the restaurant. We then rested and ate ...
Nashville Afternoon
... He left when he realised what was going on and when the northern commanders allowed the former confederates to stand for election... Makes sense now...Forest resigned quite quickly and spoke out against the Klan thereafter.....
Andrew Jackson was also not the great hero as portrayed. He once had a judge arrested and was accused locally of despotism, not without substance.....
Had another walk after the museum and headed for the football.
Big Coat Time
... had a few, went on for a little to long. I thought Paul was going to keel over. A bit of an odd end to the night, there best of friends though.
Day 54 - 14th November 2013
Me, Paul and Chris headed to Thomas Jefferson's house today in a place called Charlottesville, his estate was named Monticello. He is massive in American history, he wrote and co signed the declaration of independence along with his mate John Adams, it was signed on the 4th July, the weird ...
Our adventure as seen through Facebook - Nashville
... Bloody Delta! Glad you made it in the end.
Jo Pallister Did u find your licence
Paula King-Foullie Nope have to report it missing
Dawn King Have done that for ...


text:
BOOM! Do you enjoy German Males wearing Maskara? Then enjoy My Face inside the new Pitch Perfect 2 Trailer!
I am So Very Much Pumped to be inside this Sassi Film, Pitch Perfect 2! How did this Occur? I do not know it, I am still beliefing it is a Dream! So please, Enjoy and Watch it my Dream, BOOM!


text:
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I was born in Jakarta but now I call Australia home..:) I love baking, cooking and especially cake decorating..
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I did not meet Leony and her family in person, as we were out of town when they stayed at our place - but she was great at communicating beforehand and asking questions, etc. Coming home after Leony left was a great surprise - if several people stay for 4 days, you expect to find the place a little messy or dirty...but it was spotless, everything tidy and clean. I recommend Leony as a guest, only wish I could have gotten to meet her in person!
Leony and her family stayed at my place for Christmas, she is very nice and easy to communicate with. When I came back the apartment was spotless and I could not have wanted better guests. I highly recommend Leony.
Leony and her family were awesome guests. They kept the place very clean. She kept constantly communicating with me regarding her check in and check out times and was consistent with those. They even washed the linen and towels and did the dishes before leaving. A very friendly person, who was great to be around. The process went by without any problems. I would definitely host them again, and would recommend anyone to do the same.
Nice Family! clean and fine.
It was great to have you here!


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Cyclic GMP and guanylate cyclase mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced Kupffer cell tumor necrosis factor-a synthesis Brian G. Harbrecht, Stewart C. Wang, Richard L. Simmons, and Timothy R. Billiar Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) is an impor- release has been conducted in the hope of modifying TNF-a tant mediator in sepsis and septic shock. Kupffer cells synthesis in a therapeutic fashion. TNF-a production is regu- ( KCs) are the resident macrophages of the liver and are lated at both the transcriptional and posttranscniptional level potent producers of TNF-a in response to inflammatory [1, 2]. It is also regulated by a number ofcytokines and other stimuli such as bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide bioactive compounds that are produced during the stress or (LPS). Although the effects of exogenous cytokines such septic response, including intenferon--y [7], a-adrenengic as interferon-fly on TNF-a production by macrophages agonists [8], prostaglandins [9], and glucocorticoids [10]. have been fairly well studied, the intracellular pathways Thus, the synthesis and release of TNF-a appear to be a regulating KC TNF-a synthesis are largely unknown. We tightly controlled segment of the host immune response and investigated the role of guanylate cyclase and cGMP in are subject to regulation by a number of mediators. LPS-induced KC TNF-a synthesis. Exogenous 8-BrcGMP Although a number of regulating factors governing TNF- and dbcGMP increased LPS-stimulated TNF-a synthesis a production have been identified, the intracellular signals but had no effect on KC TNF-a in the absence of LPS. and second messenger systems mediating LPS-stimulated Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide-releasing TNF-a synthesis are incompletely understood. Protein substance that stimulates guanylate cyclase, increased kinase C activity has been shown to regulate TNF-a gene TNF-a synthesis in response to LPS, whereas methylene transcription in munine penitoncal macnophages [ii]. Also in blue and LY83583, guanylate cyclase inhibitors, de- munine peritoneal macrophages, the inhibitory effects of creased KC TNF-a synthesis. The inhibitory effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), either directly ap- methylene blue could be overcome with exogenous plied or as a result of stimulation with PGE2, on TNF-a dbcGMP or SNP. Our results demonstrate that guanylate mRNA accumulation and protein secretion have been estab- cyclase and cGMP mediate LPS-induced KC TNF-a syn- lished [12, 13]. Little is known, however, about other second thesis and suggest that agents that alter cyclic nucleotide messenger pathways governing Kupffen cell (KC) or macro- metabolism in KCs may affect the response of these cells phage TNF-a production. KCs are the largest population of to inflammation and inflammatory stimuli. J. Lcukoc. fixed tissue macrophages in the body [14] and possess func- Biol. 57: 297-302; 1995. tional characteristics that distinguish them from penitoneal macrophages [14, 15]. They line the hepatic sinusoid, are cx- Key Words: cyclic nucleotides . sepsis cytokines #{149} . second mes- posed to portal-derived antigens and endotoxin, and arc sengers potent producers of TNF-a [16]. KCs have been hypothe- sized to play a pivotal role in the response of the host to invasive infection [16] and measurements of hepatic vein INTRODUCTION TNF-a levels have prompted the suggestion that liver and gut TNF-a production accounts for at least one-fourth of the Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) has been hypothesized to total body TNF-a production following endotoxemia [17]. be one of the central mediators in the pathophysiologic The second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate events following endotoxemia and sepsis in both expenimen- (cGMP) is produced by the enzyme guanylate cyclase and is tal animals and humans [1]. It is a multifunctional cytokinc responsible for a variety ofccllulan effects including the phos- produced by activated macrophages that is secreted as a phorylation of cellular proteins through the actions of 17-kDa protein in response to bacteria or bacterial endotoxin specific protein kinases [18]. Some ofthe effects ofcGMP are (lipopolysacchanide, LPS). Exposure of macrophages to LPS results in a prompt increase in TNF-a messenger RNA (mRNA) and TNF-a synthesis, followed by a rapid decline in measurable TNF-a activity [1, 2]. In addition to TNF-a, Abbreviations: TN F-a , tumor necrosis factor a ; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; N0, nitric oxide; cAMP, adenosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate; KC, activated macrophages produce a number of other inflam- Kupffer cell; cGMP, guanosine 3 :5-cyclic monophosphate; MB, methylene matony mediators in response to LPS, including inter- blue; LY83583, 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; leukin-1, intenleukin-6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; L-NAME, N-nitro-1.-arginine methyl ester; oxid (N0) [3, 4]. These mediators together produce a dbcAMP, N6,2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate; dbcGMP, complex integrated response to an infectious stimulus. N2,2'-O-dibutyrylguanosine 3' :5-cyclic mnonophosphate; 8-BrcGMP, 8- bromogctanosine 3' :5-cyclic monophosphate; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide Because ofTNF-a's central role in the host response to an synthase; NMA, N'-monomethyl-t.-arginine; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; inflammatory stimulus and septic shock, therapies based on PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. the inhibition ofTNF-a secretion or neutralization of TNF-a Reprint requests: Brian G. Harbrecht, Department of Surgery, AlOlO activity have been proposed [5, 6]. Considerable investiga- Presbyterian University Hospital, DeSoto at O'Hara, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. tion, therefore, into the regulation of TNF-a secretion and Received September 7, 1994; accepted October 24, 1994. Journal of Leukocyte Biology Volume 57, February 1995 297 . . . . (control - experimental) directly opposite to those of cAMP, which, as noted above, % inhibition = x 100 is a potent down-regulator of TNF-a synthesis [12, 13]. control However, the function of cGMP in KC cytokine synthesis is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of The ability ofcultune supernatants to induce L929 cytotoxic- cGMP in KC TNF-a synthesis utilizing membrane- ity could be completely neutralized with polyclonal rabbit permeable analogues of cGMP directly applied to cultured anti-mouse anti-TNF-a serum (Genzyme), demonstrating KCs. We also studied the role of this second messenger in that this bioassay was specific for TNF-a and was not TNF-a synthesis by culturing KCs with methylene blue affected by the presence of other cytokines in the culture (MB) and LY83583, inhibitors of guanylate cyclase [18, 19], supernatant. L929 viability was not affected by the concen- and with the N0-neleasing agent sodium nitnopnusside trations of MB, nitnoprusside, LY83583, LPS, or cyclic (SNP), a stimulator of guanylate cyclase [20]. The results nucleotide analogues used in these experiments. demonstrate that guanylate cyclase and cGMP regulate LPS-induced KC TNF-a synthesis. KC viability KC viability after culture was determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into culture supernatants [4]. MATERIALS AND METHODS LDH levels were determined utilizing an automated proce- dune on a Technitron RA500 autoanalyzer (Technitron, KC isolation Tarrytown, NY). KCs were isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats (250- 300 g) utilizing an in situ liven perfusion with 0.2% pronase Materials E [4]. After perfusion, the liven was excised, minced, and in- LY83583 was purchased from Calbiochem (La Jolla, CA). cubated for 40 mm in a continuously stirred bath containing LPS (from E. coli Oiil:B4), MB, SNP, N-nitro-L-arginine 0.2% pronase E with DNAse added at 20-mm intervals. The methyl ester (L-NAME), actinomycin D, N6,2'-O-dibutyryl- solution was filtered through mesh gauze and centrifuged, adenosine 3' :5-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP), N2,2'-O- and then the KCs were isolated from the resuspended pellet dibutyrylguanosine 3' :5-cyclic monophosphate (dbcGMP), and by centrifugal elutniation. The resulting cell suspension con- 8-bromoguanosine 3' :5-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcGMP) sisted of85-95% KCs, as demonstrated by penoxidase stain- were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). ing. Viability exceeded 96% by trypan blue exclusion. KCs were resuspended in Williams medium E (Gibco, Grand Island, NY) containing 15 mM HEPES, 10 U/L penicillin, 100 mg/L streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine, 10 mM insulin, and 5% calfserum at a concentration of5 x 10 KC/ml, and were cultured in 16-mm wells at 1 ml/well. After 4 h, nonad- henent cells were removed by washing with warm phosphate- buffered saline (PBS) and the medium was replaced. After overnight incubation, the KCs were again washed with warm PBS and then the experimental conditions were established in medium containing 2.5% calf serum. At the indicated time points, culture supennatants were collected and cen- tnifuged and the cell-free supennatant was frozen at - 70#{176}C prior to assay. All culture conditions were represented in C triplicate. Data represent the mean ± SEM. Student's t-test 0 40 was used to determine statistical significance; P < .05 was considered significant. c30 Measurement of TNF-a co> - 3JJ TNF-a activity in culture supernatants was determined CLl using the L929 fibroblast assay [4]. Briefly, L929 fibnoblasts C-) were cultured at a concentration of S x 10 cells/mI in 96-well culture trays at 0.1 ml/well in the presence of serial 3. dilutions of KC culture supernatant and 1 tg/ml actinomy- cm D. After 20 h, the degree of cell lysis was determined by staining the cells with 0.5% crystal violet and the absorbance measured at 550 nm using an automated microplate reader. The quantity of TNF-a was determined by extrapolation from a standard curve constructed for each experiment utilizing known quantities of recombinant munine TNF-a 0 i- 10.8 i0 i- (rmTNF-a; Genzyme, Boston, MA). The percent stimula- M tion produced by the experimental conditions was calculated Fig. 1. Effect of8-BrcGMP and dibutyryl-cyclic GMP LPS-induced KC using the following formula: TNF-cr synthesis. Kupffer cells were incubated with I jsg/ml lipopolvsaccha- ride and the indicated concentrations of8-BrcGMP (E) and dbcGMP (s). ( experimental - control) Culture supernatants were collected 3 h following the addition of LPS and % stimulation = x 100 analyzed fr TNF-a activity by the L929 fibroblast bioassay. Data represent control the mean ± SE,1 of triplicate cultures from three separate experiments. LPS-stimulated KCs (control) produced 220 ± 31 U TNF-a/ml. P < .05 The percent inhibition was calculated using the formula: compared to untreated control KCs. 298 Journal of Leukocyte Biology Volume 57, February 1995 RESULTS ** To test the hypothesis that cGMP regulates KC TNF-a syn- thesis, KCs were cultured with the membrane-permeable cGMP analogues dbcGMP and 8-BrcGMP and stimulated with LPS. Culture supennatants were collected 3 h after the addition of LPS and analyzed for TNF-a activity (Fig. 1). Both cGMP analogues increased KC TNF-a in response to LPS with maximal effect produced by 10 M dbcGMP and C i08 M 8-BrcGMP. Unstimulated (non-LPS-exposed) KCs 0 produced less than 1 U TNF-a/ml, whereas LPS-stimulated (control) KCs produced 220 ± 31 U TNF-a/ml after 3 h of -a exposure to LPS. When supernatants were collected 6 h fol- -C C lowing LPS, the increase in LPS-stimulated TNF-a pro- duced by 8-BrcGMP persisted (10 M, 54 ± 20% stimula- C tion; i0 M, 102 ± 15% stimulation; 10 M, 64 ± 23% C) stimulation; cGMP all P < analogues did not lead .05). to detectable in TNF-a increases in KCs not exposed to LPS 3. (medium alone: ± 0.3 U TNF-a/ml; 0.9 dbcGMP, 10 M: 0.8 ± 0.3 U TNF-a/ml; n = 6, P = NS). When 10 M 8-BrcGMP was cultured with LPS-stimulated KCs, in- 0 creased TNF-a synthesis compared with that of control KCs was detectable out to 24 h (data not shown). When cultured with 10 M dbcAMP, LPS-stimulated KCs produced less than 50% of the TNF-a of non-cAMP-exposed KCs (data -20 not shown), consistent with findings of other investigators I 0.8 io7 10.6 1 [12, 13]. The increase in LPS-stimulated KC TNF-a synthesis M could also be produced by culturing KCs in the presence of Fig. 2. Methylene blue and LY83583 inhibit Kupffer cell tumor necrosis fac- increasing concentrations of SNP, an NO-nelcasing agent tor synthesis. Kupffer cells were incubated with I sg/ml LPS and the mdi- that stimulates guanylate cyclase [20] (Table 1). SNP alone, cated concentrations of methylene blue (U) and LY83583 (ES). Supernatants in the absence ofLPS, did not result in increased KC TNF-a were collected after 3 h and analyzed for TNF-a activity by the L929 bioas- say. Data represent the mean ± SEM of one of three representative experi- (medium alone: 0.8 ± 0.3 U TNF-a/ml; SNP, 1 mM: ments. P < .05; **J.5 < .01 compared to untreated control KCs. LPS- 1.6 ± 0.6 U TNF-a/ml; n = 6, P = NS). stimulated (control) KCs produced 189 ± 14 U TNF-a/ml. To further evaluate the effect of endogenous guanylate cy- clase activity on KC TNF-a synthesis, KCs were incubated with increasing concentrations of the guanylate cyclase in- To further document that the effect of MB on LPS- hibitons MB [18] and LY83583 [19] (Fig. 2). Both MB and induced KC TNF-a synthesis was due to the actions of LY83583 produced concentration-dependent decreases in cGMP, KCs were cultured with MB in the presence of supernatant TNF-a levels when added with LPS. MB and dbcGMP and SNP and stimulated with LPS (Table 3). LY83583 had no measurable effect on KC TNF-a levels in When cultured with KCs individually, MB decreased while the absence of LPS stimulation (data not shown). The in- dbcGMP and SNP increased TNF-a synthesis. The inhibi- hibitony effect of MB on KC TNF-a was evident at LPS con- tory effect of MB on KC TNF-a could be overcome by the centrations as low as 10 ng/ml and as high as 10 jg/ml addition of either dbcGMP on SNP. (Fig. 3). Likewise, the inhibitory effect of LY83583 persisted The production of N 0 is associated with activation of through the same LPS concentrations (data not shown). The soluble guanylate cyclase and increases in cGMP [21]. KCs decrease in TNF-a produced by MB and LY83583 could not possess the inducible N0 synthase (iNOS) enzyme [22] be attributed to changes in KC viability, because LDH and produce significant amounts of N 0 in response to release into culture supennatants was not increased by these inflammatory stimuli [4]. To determine whether endogenous agents (Table 2). KC N = 0 production was involved in these findings, KCs were cultured with LPS and L-NAME, a specific inhibitor TABLE I . Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside on LPS-Stimulated Kupffer of NOS, and supernatants were collected 3 h following the Cell TNF-a Synthesis addition of LPS. KCs exposed to LPS alone produced 137 ± 12 U TNF-a/ml, and those cultured with LPS plus toNi SNP' Percent stititulation 2 mM L-NAME produced 131 ± 8 U TNF-a/ml (n = 2 ex- peniments, P = NS). Similarly, when KCs were cultured 0.0 0.0 ± 3.72 with LPS and NGmonomethylLarginine (NMA, 2 mM), 0.01 21.5 ± 8.2k 0.1 26.8 ± another inhibitor of NOS, no differences in TNF-a synthesis 1.0 52.1 ± 9.2' could be detected compared to control KCs cultured with LPS alone after 3 h of culture (data not shown). "After overnight culture, Kupifer cells were washed and stimulated with LPS (Isg/rnl) in the presence of the indicated concentrations of SNP. Cul- ture supernatants were collected after 3 h and analyzed for TNF-a content DISCUSSION I)) the L929 assay . Data represent the mean ± se of three separate cx- periments. LPS-stimulated (control) KCs produced 256 ± 27 U TNF-a/ml. "P < .05 vs. 0 mM SNI. TNF-a has been hypothesized to be an essential mediator in 'P < .001 vs. 0 taM SNP. the deleterious effects of endotoxemia and in endotoxin Harbrecht et al. Cyclic GMP reduces Kupffer cell TNF-cs synthesis 299 TABLE 3. cGMP and Sodium Nitroprusside Overcome the Inhibition of TNF-a Synthesis Produced by Methylene Blue Condition" Percent of contr( )l I'NF-a release Medium 100 ± 2 MB, 0.1 mM 47 ± 35 dbcGMP, 1 gM 115 ± 75 SNP, I mM 134 ± MB + dbcGMP 69 ± MB+SNP 88± 12' "After overnight culture, Kupffer cells were washed and cultured with either methylene blue (MB), dibutyryl cyclic GMP (dbcGMP), or sodium 300 nitroprusside (SNP) at the indicated concentrations. LPS (I jig/mI) was added to induce TNF-o synthesis. After 3 h, supernatants were collected and ana- U. lyzed for TNF-cr content. Data represent the mean ± sEu of three separate z exrriments. LPS-stimulated KCs (control) produced 223 ± 34 U TNF-a/ml. 'P < .05 vs. medium. 200 'P < .001 vs. MB alone. 100 In this report, we demonstrate that cGMP and endoge- nous guanylate cyclase activity regulate KC TNF-a synthe- sis. Membrane-permeable cGMP analogues were able to augment KC TNF-a production, in contrast to the suppres- sion ofTNF-a produced by cAMP analogues previously 0.1 described by other investigators [12, 13]. The augmentation ofTNF-a synthesis was greaten for 8-BncGMP compared to LPS, ug/mi dbcGMP and was present at relatively low concentrations Fig. 3. Methylene blue inhibits Kupifer cell tumor necrosis factor synthesis (105_108 M). This effect was also present at both early and at diflerent concentrations of lipopolysaccharidc. Kupffer cells were in- late time points in culture. The addition ofexogenous cGMP cubated with LPS alone (LI) or with 0.1 mM methylene blue (U) and the is not sufficient to initiate KC TNF-a synthesis, however, as indicate(l concentrations of LPS. Supernatants were collected after 3 h and analyzed for TNF-a activity by the L929 bioassay. Data represent the cGMP analogues were unable to result in measurable TNF- mean ± SENt from one of three separate experiments. *,D < .01 compared a synthesis in the absence of LPS. This finding is in contrast tO LPS alone. to the activity in penitoneal macnophages, where cGMP ana- logues were able to stimulate TNF-a synthesis in the absence of LPS [23]. The reason for this differential sensitivity to cGMP analogues in these separate macrophage populations shock [1, 2]. Neutralization ofTNF-a with anti-TNF-a anti- is unclear. bodies ameliorates many of the pathophysiologic effects of The activity of guanylate cyclase mediated the LPS- LPS and improves survival in experimental endotoxin shock induced KC TNF-a synthesis in these experiments. MB and models [5, 6]. This finding has prompted efforts to inhibit or LY83583, inhibitors of guanylate cyclase, decreased KC neutralize the damaging effects of TNF-a during endotoxe- TNF-a synthesis. This effect was not due to altered KC via- mia or septic shock and has resulted in efforts to better un- bility because LDH release in culture medium, a method derstand the cellular mechanisms involved in the synthesis that correlates well with the ability of these cells to exclude and release ofTNF-a [6]. Both transcriptional and posttnan- trypan blue [4], was unchanged by these conditions. We can- scniptional control of TNF-a synthesis have been described not exclude the possibility, however, that MB or LY83583 I 1, 2, 6]. However, the precise cellular mechanisms that occur may have injured the KCs in a manner that does not result following LPS binding to cell membranes and result in rapid in LDH release. It is also possible that significant LDH TNF-a synthesis and release are incompletely understood. release may not occur at the early time points studied in these experiments. However, the finding that the inhibitory effect of these compounds could be overcome with either 'FABLE 2. Eflect of Methylene Blue and LY83583 on Kupffer Cell SNP or exogenous cGMP suggests that the decreased TNF-a LDH Release" synthesis produced by MB and LY83583 was due to their effect on guanylate cyclase and not due to permanent or ir- (:ttdit . L_DH ( I U/I.) reversible changes in KC viability. Exogenous cGMP and SNP were unable to completely Medium, n = 15 12.7 ± 1.7 overcome the inhibitory effect of MB on LPS-induced TNF- LPS, n = 17 15.7 ± 1.4 LPS + 0.01 mM MB, mi = 15 12.3 ± 2.4 a synthesis. The reason for the incomplete restoration of LIS + 0.1 mM MB, a = 9 6.0 ± 0.5 TNF-a synthesis with these agents is unclean. MB and LPS + 0. 1 niM LY83583, n = 3 16.3 ± 0.3 LY83583 may have permanently altered the guanylate cy- Freeze-thaw, n = 9 93. 1 ± 2.6 clase enzyme on changed its activity. It is possible that these agents incompletely restored cGMP levels on incompletely "After overnight culture, Kupifer cells were washed and incubated with overcame the inhibitory affect on guanylate cyclase. Rela- combinations of LPS, methylene blue (MB), and LY83583 at the indicated tively large concentrations of SNP and cGMP were utilized, concentrations. Supernatants were collected after 3 h and analyzed for LDH content. Separate Kupfl#{232}r cells were subjected to three rapid cycles of freeze- but cGMP levels of KCs were not measured in these expeni- thaw iii liquid nitrogen. Values represent the mean ± SEM of (n) cultures. ments. It is also possible that these agents did not provide 300 Journal of Leukocyte Biology Volume 57, February 1995 sufficient cGMP at the time it was required in the intracellu- posed to MB, similar a result to that found in human mono- lan cascade of events following LPS stimulation. The intra- cytes [36]. of second Activation messenger systems such as cellular events that occur following LPS binding to the mac- cGMP may therefore account for the changes in cytokine rophage membrane are incompletely understood. TNF-a synthesis produced by N 0 donors as documented by other mRNA accumulation and secretion occur rapidly following investigators [36]. Our findings suggest that exogenous stimulation with LPS [1, 2, 10], and the temporal accumula- sources ofNO may lead to increased KC TNF-a synthesis tion of cGMP induced by these agents is unknown. Addi- and that the TNF-a synthetic pathway was not operating at tional studies will be needed to correlate the accumulation of maximal capacity under the conditions studied. Maximal cGMP with the degree of TNF-a synthesis in this system. TNF-a synthesis in vivo may therefore be dependent on the In this study, we were able to decrease TNF-a synthesis products of second messenger systems, such as phosphorylated with the guanylate cyclase inhibitor MB on LY83583. How- proteins, on the availability of second messenger compounds even, the use of L-NAME and NMA, agents that can block themselves following exposure to endotoxin. Macrophages endogenous N0 synthesis and result in decreased cGMP have been shown to have multiple steps of amplification in in selected cell populations [24], had no effect. Our findings TNF-a synthesis. LPS leads to a 100-fold increase in TNF-a suggest that, at the early time points studied in these expeni- mRNA and a 10,000-fold increase in protein production [1]. ments, endogenous KC N 0 production plays little role in Our findings suggest that this amplification process could be TNF-a synthesis. This result is consistent with the findings increased further under the proper conditions. KCs are of other investigators who have found no effect with the in- present in the liver adjacent to endothelial cells and hepato- hibition of N 0 synthesis on TNF-a or interferon produc- cytes, both cell types capable of producing NO [22]. Not tion by elicited munine penitoneal macrophages [25]. KCs only is the liven an organ capable of producing large possess iNOS activity following exposure to LPS and the ap- amounts of NO [22], but splanchnic TNF-a production pearance of nitrite and nitrate, the metabolic end products ( intestine + liven/spleen) accounts for nearly one-quarter of of N 0 metabolism, takes 4-6 h for minimal changes to be the TNF-a produced by the body following intravenous en- detectable with maximal NOS activity occurring at 12-24 h dotoxin administration [17]. Our experiments with the [4, 26]. In contrast, the appearance ofTNF-a following LPS N 0-releasing substance SNP demonstrate that KCs are is rapid under in vivo and in vitro conditions [1, 2] with max- able to increase TNF-a synthesis in the presence of cx- imal TNF-a synthesis occurring within 2-4 h of LPS stimu- ogenous N0. This finding suggests that endothelial cells lation [27]. Thus, maximal TNF-a synthesis appears to pre- on hepatocytes may modulate KC TNF-a production cede iNOS activity temporally in rat KCs following LPS and through the stimulation of KC guanylate cyclase in a para- would further suggest that iNOS activity does not play a role cnine fashion. in KC TNF-a synthesis. In summary, we have demonstrated that guanylate cyclase The presence of a constitutive, agonist-stimulated NO and cGMP regulate LPS-stimulated KC TNF-a synthesis. synthase (cNOS) in KCs has not been demonstrated. We Our results suggest that cGMP is an important component cannot completely rule out a role for NO in KC TNF-a in the signal transduction pathway that leads to the synthesis synthesis, however. Guanylate cyclase can be stimulated by and release of TNF-a following stimulation of KCs by LPS. N=O at nanomolar concentrations [18], which is below the Determining the mechanism of action of cGMP in produc- level of detectability of the nitrite assay used to establish the ing increased KC TNF-a, whether at the transcriptional or activity of iNOS in KCs [4, 26]. Therefore, we cannot con- posttranscniptional level, will require further investigation. elusively rule out the presence of extremely small quantities of N 0 that may be produced despite the presence of NOS inhibitors and may be sufficient to stimulate guanylate ACKNOWLEDGMENT cyclase and result in TNF-a synthesis. However, our finding that two distinct inhibitors of NOS (L-NAME and NMA) This work was supported by NIH grants GM-37753 (R.L.S.) had no effect on TNF-a synthesis makes this hypothesis un- and GM-44100 (T.R.B.). likely. Likewise, in stimulated munine macrophages the ap- pearance of iNOS mRNA and iNOS protein requires a minimum of4-6 h to develop [28-30], correlating fairly well REFERENCES with supernatant nitrite levels, and suggests that iNOS plays little role in the metabolic changes in macrophages seen early 1. Jaattela, M. (1991) Biologic activities and mechanisms of action after LPS exposure. of tumor necrosis factor-a/cachectin. Lab. Invest. 64, 724-742. In addition to NO stimulation of soluble guanylate cy- 2. Beutler, B. , Cerami, A. (1988) Tumor necrosis, cachexia, shock and inflammation: a common mediator. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57, clase, guanylate cyclase activity may be increased by a num- 505-518. ber ofother substances, including calcium [31], oxygen radi- 3. Akira, S., Hirano, T., Taga, T., Kishimoto, T. (1990) Biology of cals, fatty acids, and ascorbate [18]. Guanylate cyclase also multifunctional cytokines: IL-6 and related molecules (IL-i and exists in a particulate fraction [18]. 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Nature 330, 662-664. tion pathway following LPS stimulation in KCs. 6. Beutler, B., Milsark, 1W., Cerami, AC. (1985) Passive immuni- The guanylate cyclase-stimulating agent SNP significantly zation against cachectin/tumor necrosis factor protects mice increased LPS-stimulated TNF-a synthesis in KCs not cx- from lethal effect of endotoxin. Science 229, 869-871. Harbrecht et al. Cyclic GMP reduces Kupffer cell TNF-a synthesis 301 7. Gifford, G.E., Lohmann-Matthes, ML. (1987) Gamma inter- 22. Nussler, AK., Billiar, T.R. (1993) Inflammation, immunoregu- feron priming of mouse and human macrophages for induction lation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. J. Leukoc. Biol. 54, of tumor necrosis factor production by bacterial lipopolysaccha- 171-178. ride. J. NatI. Cancer Inst. 78, 121-124. 23. Renz, H., Gong, J.H., Schmidt, A., Nain, M., Gemsa, D. 8. Spengler, RN., Allen, R.M., Remick, D.G., Streiter, R.M., ( 1988) Release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from macro- Kunkel, S.L. (1990) Stimulation of a-adrenergic receptor aug- phages: enhancement and suppression are dose-dependently ments the production of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis regulated by prostaglandin E2 and cyclic nucleotides. factor. J. Immunol. 145, 1430-1434. J. Immunol. 141, 2388-2393. 9. Kunkel, S.L., Wiggins, R.C., Chensue, SW., Larrick, J. (1986) 24. Moncada, S., Palmer, R.M.J., Higgs, E.A. (1991) Nitric oxide: Regulation of macrophage tumor necrosis factor production by physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol. Rev. prostaglandin E2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 137, 404-410. 43, 109-142. 10. Beutler, B., Krochim, N., Milsark, 1W., Luedke, C., Cerami, 25. Tucker, S.D., Sivaramakrishnan, MR., Klostergaard, J., A. (1986) Control ofcachectin (tumor necrosis factor) synthesis: Lopez-Berestein, G. (1991) Independence of the pattern of early mechanisms of endotoxin resistance. Science 232, 977-980. cytokine release from autoregulation by nitric oxide. j Leukoc. Ii. Kovacs, E.J., Radziock, D., Young, HA., Varesio, L. (1988) Biol. 50, 509-516. Differential inhibition of IL-i and TNF-a mRNA expression by 26. Gaillard, T., Mulsch, A., Busse, R., Klein, H., Decker, K. agents which block second messenger pathways in murine mac- (1991) Regulation of nitric oxide production by stimulated rat rophages. J. Immunol. 141, 3101-3105. Kupffer cells. Pathobiology 59, 280-283. 12. Endres, S., Fulle, Hj., Sinha, B., Stoll, D., Dinarello, CA., 27. Peters, T., Karck, U., Decker, K. (1990) Interdependence of Gerzer, R., Weber, P.C. (1991) Cyclic nucleotides differentially tumor necrosis factor, prostaglandin E2, and protein synthesis regulate the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and in lipopolysacchanide-exposed rat Kupffer cells. Eur. J. Biochem. interleukin-i beta by human mononuclear cells. Immunology 72, 191, 583-589. 56-60. 28. Xie, Q.W., Cho, H.J., Calaycay, J., Mumford, R.A., Swiderek, 13. Spengler, RN., Spengler, ML., Lincoln, P., Remick, D.G., KM., Lee, T.D., Ding, A., Troso, T., Nathan, C. (1991) Cloning Stricter, R.M., Kunkel, S.L. (1989) Dynamics of dibutyryl and characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase from cyclic AMP- and prostaglandin E2-mediated suppression of mouse macrophages. Science 250, 225-228. lipopolysacchanide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha gene 29. Lorsbach, RB., Murphy, W.J., Lowenstein, C.J., Snyder, S.H., expression. Infect. Immun. 57, 2837-2841. Russell, SW. (1993) Expression ofthe nitric oxide synthase gene 14. Laskin, DL., Sirak, A.A., Pilaro, AM., Laskin, J.D. (1988) in mouse macrophages activated for tumor cell killing. Molecu- Functional and biochemical properties of rat Kupffer cells and lar basis for the synergy between interferon-gamma and lipo- peritoneal macrophages. j Leukoc. Biol. 44, 71-78. polysacchanide. j Biol. Chein. 268, 1908-1913. 15. Lepay, D.A., Nathan, CE, Steinman, R.M., Murray, H.W., 30. Nussler, AK., Billiar, T.R., Liu, Z., Morris, SM., Jr. (1994) Cohn, Z.A. (1985) Murine Kupffer cells: mononuclear phago- Coinduction ofnitric oxide synthase and argininosuccinate syn- cytes deficient in the generation of reactive oxygen intermedi- thetase in a munine macrophage cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 269, ates. J. Ex,b. Med. 161, 1079-1096. 1257-1261. 16. Karck, U., Peters, T., Decker, K. (1988) The release of tumor 31. Kimura, H., Murad, E (1975) Subcellular localization of necrosis factor from endotoxin-stimulated rat Kupffer cells is guanylate cyclase. Lfe Sci. 17, 837-844. regulated by prostaglandin E2 and dexamethasone. j Hepatol. 32. Dini, G., DelRosso, M. (1984) Ultracytochemical localization of 7, 352-361. guanylate cyclase activity in guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages 17. Fong, Y., Marano, MA., Moldawer, L.L., Wei, H., Calvano, under different physiological conditions. Histochem. J. 16, SE., Kenney, J.S., Allison, AC., Cerami, A., Shires, G.T., 1257-1263. Lowery, SE (1990) The acute splanchnic and peripheral tissue 33. Kuhn, M., Otten, A., Frolich, J.C., Forstermann, U. (1991) metabolic response to endotoxin in humans. J. Clin. Invest. 85, Endothelial cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP do not regulate the 1896-1904. release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide from 18. Tremblay, J., Gerzer, R., Hamet, P. (1988) Cyclic GMP in cell bovine aortic endothelial cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 256, function. Adv. Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 22, 319-383. 677-682. 19. Pandol, S.J., Schoeffield-Payne, MS. (1990) Cyclic GMP mcdi- 34. Mulsch, A., Busse, R., Liebau, S., Forstermann, U. (1988) ates the agonist-stimulated increase in plasma membrane cal- LY83583 interferes with the release of endothelium-denived cium entry in the pancreatic acinar cell. J. Biol. C/tern. 265, relaxing factor and inhibits soluble guanylate cyclase. J. Phar- 12846-12853. macol. Exp. Ther. 247, 283-288. 20. Bromberg, Y., Pick, E. (1980) Cyclic GMP metabolism in mac- 35. Katsuki, S., Arnold, W., Mittal, C., Murad, F. (1977) Stimula- rophages. I. Regulation of cyclic GMP levels by calcium and tion of guanylate cyclase by sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, stimulation of cyclic GMP synthesis by NO-generating agents. and nitric oxide in various tissue preparations and comparison Cell. Immunol. 52, 73-83. to the effects of sodium azide and hydroxylamine. J. Cyclic 21. Billiar, T.R., Curran, RD., Harbrecht, B.G., Stadler, J., Nucleotide Protein Phosphor. Res. 3, 23-35. Williams, DL., Ochoa, J.B., Di Silvio, M., Simmons, R.L., 36. Eigler, A., Sinha, B., Endres, S. (1993) Nitric oxide-releasing Murray, S.A. (1992) Association between synthesis and release agents enhance cytokine-induced tumor necrosis factor synthe- of cGMP and nitric oxide biosynthesis by hepatocytes. Am. j sis in human mononuclear cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. Physiol. 262, C1077-C1082. 196, 494-501. 302 Journal of Leukocyte Biology Volume 57, February 1995
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Website of the Day: Cake Wrecks
by Tech
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The holidays always bring joy, good times with friends and family, and what else but festive cakes gone terribly wrong? When TeamSugar user kimberlyschmitt posted this hilarious site to Website of the Day group, I couldn't help but share it with the rest of you. Do you ever come across holiday cakes with spelling mistakes, bad grammar, or disastrous decorations? Well Cake Wrecks puts them all into one spot for your viewing (and laughing) pleasure!
Website of the Day
Angela123 6 years
I check Cake Wrecks everyday! Love it.
graduatedsqueaks 6 years
been reading this blog for a while. Love it!
sparklestar 6 years
I love cake wrecks. I regularly put photos of my cupcakes/baking on flickr and worry that one day I'll get featured. ;p
SugarKat 6 years
I am at work :rotfl: It's horrible. People are starting to wonder about me...
TidalWave 6 years
i looooooooooooooooove this site! Check it every morning
KristinDaBomb 6 years
Haha. So funny.
Schaianne 6 years
I LOVE this site!!! Thanks for sharing!
jelibeann 6 years
me, too...it actually makes me laugh out loud - I wish she could post more than once a day!
chasingjamie 6 years
Ahh I love this site, I check it every day :)
Link Love
- Find out what Tim Cook's plan for his fortune is — Newser
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- A Girl Scout invention wants to help the paralyzed — Not Impossible
- The stats of women in the tech world are actually declining — HuffPost Tech
- 12 Tumblr posts only Tolkien fans will appreciate — BuzzFeed Geeky
- How to get noticed — maybe even hired — over email — POPSUGAR Smart Living


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The quote comes from a comment Tyler left on Tony Breeden's blog, which I thought made an important point very clearly and succinctly. [Read more...]
The Blog of Dr. James F. McGrath, Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University, Indianapolis
The quote comes from a comment Tyler left on Tony Breeden's blog, which I thought made an important point very clearly and succinctly. [Read more...]
The quote is from Fred Clark's blog post, "Inerrancy is Not a Victimless Crime." [Read more...]
The blog Unreasonable Faith asked which Bible contradiction is the hardest one to explain away. I wonder whether the ability to harmonize the Bible – or, more accurately, to pretend its discrepancies have been resolved – isn't simply one example of the human ability to hold to contradictory ideas. One can find instances of this [Read More...]
David Hayward's cartoon featured above gets at a lot of important points. We frequently "mishear" even those we claim to consider authorities. It happens with Jesus' teaching as depicted in the Gospels. But even if Jesus were physically in our midst, that is no guarantee that we would not hear him confirming our biases when [Read More...]
Terry Firma shared the above image. It helpfully illustrates what is really going on in fundamentalist interpretation of the Bible. Their view should never be referred to as "Biblical literalism" since it only insists on the Bible being literally true when it is desirable to do so, and not where it is "obviously" a metaphor, [Read More...]
I had a commenter on this blog suggest that 2 Timothy 3:16 says "All scripture comes from the mouth of God". The actual statement there refers to all writings being "God-breathed" – or perhaps the usefulness of "every God-breathed writing." There has been a lot of debate about how that phrase should best be translated, and [Read More...]
That the term "Bible" means something very clear and specific with clearly-defined characteristics and attributes is a widespread assumption. And it is wrong. It would make more sense to speak of "Bibles" in the plural rather than "the Bible." Between Jewish, Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Ethiopic Bibles there are significant differences. And the [Read More...]
David Hayward's latest cartoon makes a good point. People have justified all sorts of contradictory things from the Bible – from their faith to their atheism, from their right-wing politics to their left-wing economics, from their violence against others to their pacifism. What are the implications of recognizing this and taking it seriously? At the [Read More...]
Discussing (on Facebook) Pete Enns' recent post on Canaanite genocide and the diversity of views in the Bible, I wrote the following, and thought I'd share it here too: Perhaps the key is that reading the Bible, without flattening it to claim that it has a single viewpoint and teaching, will lead us naturally to [Read More...]
David Hayward shared this cartoon of his: The question of whether Christianity should be community-focused, Bible-focused, or Jesus-focused is itself the focus of a lot of ongoing debate. Most would acknowledge, at least in theory, that Jesus should be the center. But it is debatable whether one can really have "Jesus alone" any more than [Read More...]
Yesterday in my Sunday school class, we continued a discussion that started last time, sparked by Hebrews 12, where it depicts God as one who disciplines – or more literally "whips" of "flogs" – his children for their benefit. There was general agreement that, while some ancient people may have viewed misfortunes that came their [Read More...]
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6,446 Home Stagers
If you are selling your home, a stager just might become your new best friend. This professional works to prepare your home for the real estate market. The main objective is to make your house desirable to the highest number of potential buyers possible, so it will be more likely to sell quickly and easily. More
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A "Best of Houzz 2013, 2014, 2015" design and service winner, Seattle Staged To Sell & Design is a Home Staging and an Interior Design company where every relationship matters.... Read More
Awarded 2014 & 2015 Best of HOUZZ for DESIGN We are Toronto's Award Winning Interior Decorating and Home Staging Team. Whether you are decorating, renovating or just dreaming... Read More
What do home sellers want? To sell their homes for the highest price in the least amount of time. Without a doubt, that's our goal too. As statistics have shown, residential... Read More
Patti Houston, Owner and Founder Contemporary furniture, art and accessories for rent or for purchase. Property styling, furniture rental and home staging. A little Flüff goes... Read More
Modern Mecca helps visionary clients create value by offering win-win, on-target, compelling marketing solutions and positioning properties in a much more competitive and... Read More
Tammy Irwin, lead designer of Designing Durham is all about rooms that look good, but feel even better. A recipient of Best of Houzz 2015 for both Interior Design and Customer... Read More
House and Homes Palm Springs is a full service, Residential Home Staging, Project Management and Interior Design Service company located in Palm Springs, CA. Whether you need... Read More
When you put your home on the market, it becomes a product. Staging is marketing. We will highlight your property's best features to create the lifestyle buyers seek through... Read More
Staging North Shore is dedicated to helping customers prepare their homes for a quick and profitable sale. We can plan and execute your home staging or organizing project from... Read More
Canada's Leading Home Staging Company Specializing in the enhancement of residential properties for sale, DEKORA is committed to assisting our clients in maximizing the value... Read More
Our design goals are simple -- directly improve visual marketability for better offers. Most homes need to go beyond simple home staging and we have that interior design... Read More
Portland Oregon area Home Staging company specializing in showcasing vacant homes for sale with beautiful and stylish staging. Read More
Interiors and Staging, West and East Coasts Read More
List your business here for free - Learn More


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I know you have to be on a paid acct to run your own ad's, has anyone had any luck with this? I cant find any info on there site about it?
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Canon's new EOS 50D bridges the gap between the novice and the seasoned pro with a perfect combination of high-speed and quality. For anyone who has upgraded from their point-and-shoot or first DSLR to a Canon 50D and wants to get the best shots possible but isn't sure what to do next.
There's the manual of course, as well as competing books, and while they all tell 50D owners, often in 400+ pages, what the camera can do, none of them shows them exactly how to use their camera to create great images!
Canon 50D: From Snapshots to Great Shots has one goal: to teach 50D owners how to make great shots using their Canon camera. It teaches them how to use their 50D to create the type of photographs that inspired them to buy the camera in the first place.
Everything in the book is in service of creating a great image. Starting with the top ten things they need to know about their camera, photographer Jeff Revell then carefully guides them through the Basic modes and into the Advanced modes of the camera.
They'll get practical advice from a pro on which settings to use when, great shooting tips, and even end-of-chapter assignments that will allow 50D owners to immediately put to use all the great info in each chapter.
Author Bio:
Jeff Revell has been shooting professionally for more than 25 years, and has a wide range of expertise in everything from landscape to travel to urban photography.
Widely known as the photographer behind the popular Photowalk Pro blog (revellphotography.com/blog), Jeff shares inspirational images, hosts lively discussions, and creates tutorials on digital photography techniques.
In addition, he leads training classes and hands-on workshops on digital imaging technology around the globe.


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Last month, I traveled to the Honolulu Marathon which always brings back fond memories of the first time I fell in love with the islands upon my first trip there. It was the perfect journey — winning the marathon in course record time, making lifelong friends with the Chun family (known then as the "Hunky Bunch" as some of my friends remember), flying to Maui to make the drive up to Hana, then hiking Haleakala to watch the sunrise on the crater, and making plans to return to Honolulu for the 140-Perimeter Relay around Oahu. . . . something that became an annual trip. Fond memories indeed.
My how things have changed. The marathon still begins before sunrise, but the crowds have grown in numbers beyond belief. The spectacular fireworks display starts the race in the pre-dawn hours. The first 10K takes the participants through downtown's Honolulu lights and Christmas displays winding through Kapiolani Park before the ascent up over Diamond Head. This is where I have walked the course for the past few years. However, this year was different. Instead, I was asked by the Marathon President Jim Barahal to do the commentating on the women's race, along with Toya Reavis of San Diego. We are friends, and this was a "first" for both of us. We were excited at the prospect of broadcasting, and thoroughly enjoyed our new task!
I would encourage all my marathon friends to consider your next destination marathon be Honolulu. Hey, early registration is available now at discounted fees, and it's never too early to make your plans. It's a guaranteed fun time, at the world's most beautiful, hospitable, scenic marathon, complete with aloha spirit and they host the best concert you'll ever enjoy. By the way, if you need some training advice, you can ask either Toya or me to help you, since we both are coaches as well. So c'mon, no excuses.
In addition, I had the honor and pleasure of speaking to an audience of the Positive Coaching Alliance, for Executive Director in Hawai'i, Jeaney Garcia. At the "Breakfast With Champions," I participated on a panel of athletes including football coach, June Jones, and NFL Super Bowl Champions, brothers Chris and Ma'ake Kemoeatu. We spoke on a panel together, bringing each of our unique stories to our listeners thanks to the excellent questions posed by our moderator, Kanoa Leahey. The event highlighted award recipients from local high schools, each with their own inspiring stories. Each student athlete received a scholarship from PCA, and all proved to be exemplary leaders amongst their peers. Tradtionally, the trips to Honolulu always include a reunion dinner enjoyed with the Chun families, and here they are today:
I attended the San Diego Triathlon Challenge this weekend in La Jolla, and I'm still beaming with inspiration at being in the presence of so many amazing performances, made possible by the Challenged Athletes Foundation's (CAF) good work. Several of my friends have asked me how to get involved, and I don't mind singling out two athletes in particular who gave so much of themselves this weekend for an incredible cause.
Anna Deshautelle participated in the triathlon, and she swam a mile in the not-so-calm waters of La Jolla Cove, then rode 44 miles over the hilly-est possible course, then turned around and ran another 10 miles over those same hills.
All the while, John Pilkington and Stephen Burton were on a like-minded mission for CAF, riding their ElliptiGOs — yes, that's right! — tough as that sounds, all the way from San Francisco to Encinitas (San Diego County) over hill and dale in wind and gales, night and day. These amazing feats were all for the good work CAF does.
My admiration and gratitude goes to them today. I love each one of you!
Read more about Anna:
And about John:
New Book
- Eat up! Girls require steady fuel to thrive - ESPNHS Track & XC - ESPN
- Joni Mitchell - Time Capsule: March 23, 1988
"There are two types of people in the world: those who don't know or who don't care for Joni and those who have fallen madly, deeply in love with her. Forever."
- From Skid Row To Rome: The Story Of An Unusual Running Club : NPR
- 40 Years Of Income Inequality In America, In Graphs : Planet Money : NPR
Education affects income, affects the children we teach., inequality,
- Tea Tuesdays: Kenyan Farmers See Green In The Color Purple : The Salt : NPR


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Anti-water charge demo planned for Labour Party meeting
- Irish News
- February 23, 2015, 01:15
Anti-austerity campaigners will travel to Killarney next weekend to protest at the annual Labour Party conference. Campaign group Right2Water is org(...)
Europe Letter: MEP election must be scrutinised given dismal voting records
- World
- December 18, 2014, 01:00
The news this week that Ireland has the worst voting record in the European Union in terms of participation at the plenary session of the European Par(...)
No mercy for Ming: Expenses may be slashed for low attendance
- World
- December 18, 2014, 01:00
Irish MEPs Luke 'Ming' Flanagan and Brian Crowley could face a 50 per cent cut in expenses for low attendance at the European Parliament plenary sess(...)
Minister for European Affairs says MEPs should attend parliament 'as far as possible'
- Politics
- December 15, 2014, 17:36
Minister for European Affairs Dara Murphy has said that MEPs should attend the European Parliament at all times "in so far as they possibly can," as h(...)
Brian Crowley and Luke Flanagan's absence rates cast doubt on logic of running as MEPs
- Politics
- December 15, 2014, 01:00
Six months on from the European elections, figures from VoteWatch Europe present an interesting snapshot into the activities of Ireland's 11 MEPs. Ire(...)
Calling a spade a spade and bagging the turf-cutter vote
- Politics
- October 13, 2014, 00:33
It's twilight and halfway on the road between Athleague village and Roscommon town, the old jeep pulls up and a massive man emerges from the passeng(...)
Martin says he will lead FF into next general election
- Politics
- October 12, 2014, 23:54
Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin insists he will lead the party into the next general election, despite an Independent candidate from outside the (...)
Phil Hogan faces tough questions in European Parliament
- Politics
- October 1, 2014, 19:23
Former Fine Gael minister Phil Hogan is expected to face tough questioning from MEPs when he appears before the European Parliament's agriculture comm(...)
Q&A: What questions will Phil Hogan face at European committee?
- Politics
- October 1, 2014, 14:28
What awaits Phil Hogan on Thursday? Ireland's commissioner-designate will be questioned for three hours by members of the European Parliament's agricu(...)
Candidate to withdraw statement if he gets apology
- Politics
- September 30, 2014, 01:00
The byelection candidate elbowed in the ribs by Fine Gael TD Frank Feighan said yesterday he will withdraw his Garda statement on the incident if he (...)


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Shrewsbury (2)
geoffhandley(Shropshire, UK)July 9, 2005
Another shot of the Dingle looking towards the town centre. Shrewsbury is known for its spires and church towers. The church tower is that of St Chads, which is only 200 years old so one of the newer ones.
Image link:
geoffhandley(Shropshire, UK)
Nancy when you come to our country you ought to try and get down our way down the Welsh borders. A lot of americans seem to do London, York, Chester etc and they miss the best bits. I originally come from Manchester and I think Shropshire and Herefordshire have got to be amongst the best places to live. Scenery to die for and you cannot move for falling over something historical...and I see wildlife that I only used to read about in books when I was a kid in the big city.


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You Are Not Banksy, Part 2, by Nick SternJuxtapoz // Tuesday, July 17, 2012
Photographer Nick Stern has had a bit of fun with his You Are Not Banksy series where he recreates some of the most famed stencils from the Bristol-born artist into staged photography. We posted about the series last month, and now Stern has updated his series with new photographs and scenes. Something to enjoy on your Tuesday web browsing.
Bansky TattoosTattoo // Friday, June 22, 2012
Unsurprisingly, a large number of you have gone out and gotten a Bansky-inspired tattoo from your local tattooist. We came across a collection of images from your achievements and put them together to show you that you all have the same interest in common. Bansky will live on. On You. Forever.
You Are Not Banksy by Nick SternJuxtapoz // Saturday, June 02, 2012
You Are Not Banksy is the recreation of famed street artist, Bansky's work by Los Angeles-based photographer, Nick Stern. Using models, props, and the recognizable works of the Bansky, Stern has brought the artist's powerful imagery even further into the real world.
Photographer recreates Familiar Bansky ImagesStreet Art // Friday, June 01, 2012
You Are Not Banksy is the recreation of famed street artist, Bansky's work by Los Angeles-based photographer, Nick Stern. Using models, props, and the recognizable works of the Bansky, Stern has brought the artist's powerful imagery even further into the real world.
Pictures On Walls Jubilee Special including Banksy's "Er..."Juxtapoz // Wednesday, May 30, 2012
San Francisco just celebrated the 75th Anniversary of the Golden Gate Bridge by exploding a bunch of fireworks off the famed ocean crossing. The British are set to celebrate Queen Elizabeth's royal jubilee. aka, 60 years on the throne (at the throne?). To celebrate, Pictures on Walls has a few prints to honor the jubilee, including Banksy's "Er..." file that is available for you to download and print yourself.
Who needs an art dealer?Graffiti // Wednesday, May 23, 2012
Banksy put some new images up on his website and this one caught our eyes immediately. In many ways, the truth behind this is unsettling, but also certain people deserve a little recognition and if a monetary gain accompanies it, why not?
New Banksy Paintings and Outdoor WorksJuxtapoz // Wednesday, May 23, 2012
Every few months, you get a Banksy piece popping up in public, a nice witty thing that circulates the web and gets everyone in a tizzy. But you rarely get to see a new chunk of Banksy paintings get posted on his site in a grouping, and the Bristol, UK-born artist just gave us a nice update of what he gets done in the studio. We always liked his "Sorry: The Lifestyle You Ordered is Currently Out of Stock" motto.
Banksy just in time for the Jubilee CelebrationJuxtapoz // Monday, May 14, 2012
Some people get excited about new Banksy pieces, but we are far more excited about the Jubilee Celebration, marking the Queen's 60-year reign as top dog monarch of the United Kingdom. The piece was spotted on Turnpike Lane in London, and it seems that Mr. Banksy is commenting on the fact that the Union Jack you buy is made by a kid with a really good sense of headwear style. We kid .. . or we don't.
Banksy: New Origami Crane w/Goldfish Street PieceJuxtapoz // Wednesday, March 21, 2012
Always fun when a new Banksy piece surfaces, and although we don't have confirmation from the artist's site, this appears to be a new piece in the UK near some sort of industrial stream. Origami crane, goldfish in mouth, what appears to be a nice village, and soon to be a lot of pictures being taken.
New Book: "Banksy: You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat"Juxtapoz // Friday, March 09, 2012
Books are a good thing. When it comes to art, there is nothing better than a good art book. Banksy, who has had a few official, and unofficial successes in the book publishing world, is set to release a new collection, Banksy: You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat, this July 2012. The 240-page hardcover collection will be published under the Carpet Bombing Culture house. And at $23, it ain't going to bankrupt you.


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Welcome to the Saltyard
Here at the Saltyard we believe in doing things right. We believe that life is full of goodness. All you need to really enjoy it is a little time.
At the Saltyard we believe that the weekend can be longer, that food can taste better, and that the sunset on Sunday will take a lifetime to dip below the horizon.
Recent Twitterings
- Send us your gardening tips before 4pm Monday & you could win @MarkDiacono's #newkitchengarden!
- This year's Big Garden #Birdwatch success stories! Find all the results here: http://t.co/5CjB0B1TLJ http://t.co/EkirQmX656
- @MarkDiacono @Saltyardbooks @BBCr4today congrats!!! Happy Publication! X
- Cannot wait to get my hands on @MarkDiacono @Saltyardbooks new book #TheNewKitchenGarden. Balcony Kitchen garden - here I come!
- Good to hear @MarkDiacono force feeding Szechuan peppercorns to the @BBCr4today team!
Pleasing distractions
When we're not crafting beautiful books for your reading delight, here are the sites on which we while away the hours:
Angela Harding
Painter and print maker, we just love her wildlife prints inspired by landscapes in Norfolk, Cornwall and Shropshire.
Atlantic Blanket Company, Cornwall
You can never have too many blankets and throws.
Bookswarm designed our website and we love them because they love books.
Cornish Sea Salt
Season with a pinch of Cornish Sea Salt.
David Mellor Design
Not only for fine tableware made in Sheffield, but for all beautiful kitchen things. And, he designed the traffic light - how cool is that?
Frank, Whitstable
Everyone likes a day out in Whitstable, and once you've been to the Sugar Boy for some mint humbugs then you can shop for nice prints, books and cards in Frank.
Much Ado Books
Not only books, but workshops, crafts and cards. Visit the medieval Alfriston Clergy House while you're there.
Pallant House Gallery, Chichester
An eclectic permanent collection in a Queen Anne house and always wonderful exhibitions.
Salts Mill, Saltaire
A Yorkshire mill. David Hockney. One of the nicest bookshops anywhere, ever.
St. Jude's Gallery
For obvious reasons. Angie Lewin, Mark Hearld, Emily Sutton, Ed Kluz, Jonathan Gibbs... and for fabrics, cushions and tote bags.
The Foodie Bugle
An emporium of foodie delights, both an online shop and magazine and a lovely new shop in Margaret's Buildings, Bath. We can't wait to visit.
The General Store, Peckham
For feeding us.
The Hambledon, Winchester
Leave your wallet at home... Just saying.
The Landmark Trust
Because who doesn't want to spend a weekend in a folly?
Under the Thatch
Holidays in Wales. Under the thatch and preferably with a wood-burning stove.
Woottens of Wenhaston, Suffolk
A trip to Southwold isn't complete without a detour to Woottens for scented geraniums, pelargoniums, auriculas, lavenders, flag irises. In short, all good things for the garden.
Yorkshire Sculpture Park
Sculpture, in a park.
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"Rush out and buy it. It is really very good."
Monty Don, @TheMontyDon on The New Kitchen Garden: How to Grow Some of What You Eat No Matter Where You Live
"Mark's writing style is conversational and engaging, he's deeply knowledgeable, yet he's low-key and modest. He's 'can-do' and accessible without ever being patronising."
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"Indulge your inner Paddington Bear."
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Cath Kidston on Toast & Marmalade: Stories From the Kitchen Dresser, A Memoir
"Emma Bridgewater, queen of kitchenware, proves herself to be queen of the memoir too."
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"Somewhere between a culinary glossary, a seasonal miscellany and a how-to cookbook, this is one dinky kitchen companion, courtesy of the Primrose Hill greengrocers. Its diminutive size and pleasing red print on white paper – as pretty as a crisp gingham napkin – make it eminently easy to use, and use it you will."
Guardian on Good Food For Your Table: A Grocer's Guide
"[An] ease is found in Florence Knight's One: A cook and her cupboard, a volume that could be a manifesto for a minimalist culinary aesthetic."
Times Literary Supplement on One: A Cook and Her Cupboard
"I'm smitten with the sweet spice mix from Honey & Co, a warm, heady mix including cardamom, fennel seed, mahleb and cinnamon. A teaspoon sprinkled on porridge is so satisfying it can almost persuade me to forgo sugar."
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"Not all cookbooks are as useful in the way that Sarah Randell's has proved to be . . . Sarah Randell's book provides an amnesty for all those who love to make marmalade and then use it up."
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"A volume that could be a manifesto for a minimalist culinary aesthetic."


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With more than 4,000 hostels worldwide in fantastic and unique locations. Find your dream experience Hostelling International
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Figino Youth Hostel
Hostel Figino is located on the shores of Lake Lugano near to the picturesque villages of Ticino.
From €31.79
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Pechersk Lavra Monastery
The monastery began in a cave in 1051, with monks living in a series of underground compartments. Over the centuries, it expanded across many acres with the building of several churches, and the complex is still surrounded by high fortress walls. The monastery has been destroyed many times, but it has always been rebuilt, an emblem of Kievan Rus and Orthodox tradition.
Congratulations to Mei Lin, winner of Top Chef Season 12.


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Research Article
Occupational embeddedness and job performance
Article first published online: 8 JAN 2009
DOI: 10.1002/job.580
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal of Organizational Behavior
Volume 30, Issue 7, pages 863–891, October 2009
Additional Information
How to Cite
Ng, T. W. H. and Feldman, D. C. (2009), Occupational embeddedness and job performance. J. Organiz. Behav., 30: 863–891. doi: 10.1002/job.580
Publication History
- Issue published online: 2 SEP 2009
- Article first published online: 8 JAN 2009
- Manuscript Accepted: 24 NOV 2008
- Manuscript Revised: 17 NOV 2008
- Manuscript Received: 17 NOV 2007
- Abstract
- References
- Cited By
While researchers have recently focused their attention on organizational embeddedness, occupational embeddedness has received little theoretical and empirical attention. Using multisource data on 162 employees in multiple jobs and organizations, we found that occupational embeddedness is positively related to both task performance and creativity and is negatively related to counterproductive work behavior, even after controlling for the effects of organizational embeddedness. In addition, we found that trait affect moderated the relationships of occupational embeddedness to job performance. Occupational embeddedness was more strongly related to counterproductive work behavior when trait negative affect was high, while occupational embeddedness was more strongly related to both citizenship behavior and creativity when trait positive affect was high. Results also indicated that the various components of occupational embeddedness had different effects on job outcomes. Fit had a strong positive effect on core task performance, links had a positive effect on creativity, and sacrifice had a small positive effect on citizenship behavior. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for future research and management practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


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Hidden Social Media Elements You Should Know
After consulting and advising clients on social media channels, best practices and content strategy over the last few months, I thought I would share some very important social media factors that often are critical – and not always obvious – to a successful social media marketing campaign. These might seem basic to some, but in my direct experience one or more of this list can easily be overlooked. I call them Hidden Social Media Elements You Should Know.
via Hidden Social Media Elements You Should Know – Messageworks Blog – Messageworks Communications -.
Content Curator Peter Freer
Digital and social media strategist and 'creative problem solver.'