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Feb. 16, 1971 R v, OK 3,564,500
SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR VALIDATING AND VERIFYING OWNERSHIP OF CREDIT CARDS AND THE LIKE Filed June 23, 1969 2 Sheets-Sheet l 3,5 64,500 YING R. V. COOK Feb. 16, 1971 SYSTEM AND APPARAT US FOR VALIDATING AND VERIF CREDIT CARDS AND THE LIKE OWNERSHIP OF 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 23, 1969 United States Patent US. Cl. 340-149 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A system and apparatus for validating, verifying credit card and the like ownership, also usable for and in conjunction with, for example, determination of credit status of the owner, utilizing a known form of credit card having the usual visual identifying and recording means thereon. The card further includes a plurality of apertures therethrough arranged in coded positions to cooperate with selective plural light sources, the system being operable to activate only preselected ones of the light sources, as selected by a card owner or a clerk registering and recording a sale in accordance with a code number known only to the owner. Means are provided for receiving emitted light from the so activated light source passing through the coded apertures and operable when the user activated light sources correspond with the coded card apertures to activate, through light sensors, one or more interconnected electrical circuits to indicate visually validity or correct ownership of the card. Noncorrespondence of the preselected light source operation, coded apertures, and sensors, together with the circuits, serve to indicate nonverification of card. The system in conjunction with appropriate circuitry and additional apparatus also permits ascertaining credit standing or the like of a card bearer, or can serve to activate equipment extraneous to the system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This invention relates to validation or holder identification of credit cards and the like, utilizing coded light emission and reception to activate indication circuits, wherein a card user or clerk must manually select a coded pattern for the light emission as known only by the card holder.
Description of the prior art Heretofore considerable time, effort and expense have been devoted to development of systems and apparatus for validating credit cards and establishing ownership of the cards in a card bearer or user. Such systems and apparatus, however, have, in many instances, been complex and expensive, and additionally, complexity enhances the possibility of breakdowns. In many known systems, simplicity of use and operation have been lacking and in many instances, extraneous or additional means are required over and above the credit card and the like to perform the desired function. These factors lead to resultant drawbacks in acceptance and end results obtained.
Some hitherto known identification or validation card or the like systems have incorporated mechanically actuated mechanisms, magnetic circuits and switches and the like, in order to establish desired circuits to provide visual indication as to validity or identification. Some such systems, however, permitted ready detection of and duplication of card circuits or systems. Additionally, changing of the code and circuits required complex apparatus and resulting high time and cost factors. Furthermore, the number of different codes which could be established in known credit cards systems was limited.
All of the foregoing drawbacks, among others, detracted from widespread acceptance and use of the known validation and/ or identification systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is accordingly a principal feature of the present invention to provide apparatus and system for validating and insuring user identification of credit cards and the like which overcomes drawbacks in previously known systems. This system is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, with inherent simplicity in use. The invention utilizes a coded light emssion source to establish a plurality of emitted individual light rays dependent upon a card user establishing a code pattern. The light rays coact with and pass through coded apertures in a card for transmission to selected ones of a plurality of light sensors, which in an established circuitry system operate to indicate correct correspondence of the coded light emission selection and apertures in the card, and thereby established validation and user identity of the card. The system could also be incorporated in a system including further checking or functional operations in conjunction with use of a credit and the like.
The credit card and the like contemplated by the invention is opaque and prevents passage therethrough of light rays other than through the coded apertures to minimize fraudulent credit card use or inadvertently inaccurate operation of the system.
Validity of, or identification of, ownership is possible only through use of a secret code known only to a proper card owner, and in the absence of any additional or outside elements, and affords visual signal means as to true or untrue ownership through circuits which can only be completed when a light source is properly established and accepted by a light sensor circuit, with utilization of a plurality of light passage apertures in a card, the card otherwise precluding passage of light therethrough. A change in code circuitry can be easily and readily effected for a vast multiplicity of codes, through an easily and quickly effected change in light emission and sensing circuitry to correspond with aperture coded cards, likewise easily manufactured. The construction and operation are not only subject to quick changes, but additional misleading apertures can be incorporated to further confuse possible unauthorized holder usages of a card.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages will become apparent and the invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Various changes may be made in details of construction and arrangement of parts, and certain features may be used without others, all such modifications within the scope of the appended claims are included in the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a validator and identification apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a credit card and the like as contemplated for use with the invention disclosing encoded apertures therein;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of functional operation of the present system, and modus operandi thereof;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram depicting components and circuitry used in accordance with the invention, the card ownership being valid;
FIG. 4A is a view similar to FIG. 4, card ownership being questionable;
FIG. 5 is an illustrative circuit diagram in connection with operation of the invention; and
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a replaceable block of a type for activating individual selected light sources.
Referring now in more detail to the drawings, the credit card checking system generally designated 10, includes a housing 12 which has on an operator face 14 a slot 16 to receive a credit card to be checked. Known types of credit cards, generally indicated at 18, preferably consisting of a plastic material which is opaque for reasons hereinafter set forth, has the usual visual indicia 20 incorporated thereon in raised orstamped form or the like. Indicator lamps 22 and 24 are secured in face 14. The lamp 22 is, for example, green to indicate credit card acceptance, and lamp 24 is red to indicate credit card rejection, both in circuitry to be hereinafter described. A lamp test 26 is positioned adjacent the indicator lamps. A plurality, in the illustrated embodiment, consisting of three, switch dials 28, 30 and 32 are mounted, and switch position indicators 34 are incorporated and which can be placed either on the face, per se, or on a rotatable dial to coact with a pointer on the face. The switches as shown are preferably of a rotary type actuable by knobs 36 but other switch types or constructions can be utilized within the teachings of the invention. The purpose of the buttons and dials is to rotate or set the individual switches in the circuitry to establish a code consisting of a plurality of numerals or letters known only to a card holder, and this -code is incorporated in the credit card per se as also in the tester circuitry in such a manner that upon insertion of a credit card and a proper setting of the switches, a validation or ownership certification will be indicated by the green lamp 22, whereas if the proper code is not set on the switches by a person without knowledge of the code, a reject red light would appear on lamp 24, and a sale or service could therefore be refused to the card holder since obviously questionable ownership would immediately be apparent to a vendor. This personal knowledge of the code by a proper card holder and user is a paramount interest in the invention, and to all persons concerned in use of a card including the card owner, the retail vendor, and the vending company, such as in retail gasoline sales and the like.
The concept of the invention broadly is to permit a vendor or creditor, as for example, an oil company, to instantly check or get a read-out for validation of a customers credit card to determine whether or not it belongs to the customer, or may have been stolen, or to, for example, check a users credit standing. The customer is solely in possession of knowledge as to what his secret code number is. In the illustrated embodiment a three digit code and system are shown and described, and the conventional credit card 18 has been encoded by the major vendor by punching a plurality of apertures 38 therethrough in a predetermined code pattern and these apertures will, in use, read out the code number to a printed circuit containing, in the instance of a three digit system, nine contacts in a predetermined manner. The credit card with the encoded apertures is simply a means of blocking out nonessential circuits in a card checker or computer circuit wherein, as the card is inserted, it is located between a plurality, in the illustrated embodiment, nine light sources and nine light sensors. When the switches have been set in accordance with the card owners code, either by the attendant or the owner, the circuit is set to energize certain ones of the light sources in accordance with the code pattern. It the coded apertures in the card permit the correct coded light sources to pass therethrough to the light sensors, a green signal is applied, and if not, a red or reject signal is shown on the outside of the housing as above explained, whereby upon instantaneous reading by the attendant a card is verified or rejected. The required card setting being known only to a proper card owner ensures that unauthorized use of a card is prevented. The modus operandi of the invention will be understood by reference to FIG. 3 wherein is shown a plurality of light sources 40 which are activated upon proper setting of the switches, and when properly actuated in accordance with the code, light rays will pass through apertures 38 correspondingly encoded on card 18 to impinge upon certain proper required ones of light sensors 42 incorporated in appropriate circuitry to actuate the green light. The red or reject light is actuated if the proper code is not established on the switches since light from the light sources cannot pass through the opaque card except through the apertures.
The overall broad concept of the invention can be understood by and from FIGS. 4 and 4A. A plurality of light sources 40 are preferably mounted on a block 44 of plastic or other material and includes, in a three digit system, nine contacts 46 connected into a printed circuit which establishes the light sources in a coded pattern by means of leads 48, FIG. 6, appropriately connected by circuitry to switches 50, adapted for establishing activation of the individual light sources in accordance with a code through setting of the switches. A power supply source to the system is generally indicated at 52 and can consist of an AC or DC source of appropriate voltage and characteristics in a manner well known. Light rays schematically indicated at 54 emanate from the activated light sources. They are directed to a plurality of light sensors 42, again connected in a printed circuit on, for example, a block board 56 similar to block 44 in a prearranged coded manner in a proper circuit to function, hereinafter described. The coded card 18 is interposed between the light sources and sensors so that only the rays 54 corresponding to the proper code will pass through the apertures and impinge upon proper ones of the sensors 42, the opaque material of the card rejecting all other rays. The sensors 42 upon receiving rays emanating in accordance with the code, will pass current through leads '58 to switch means generally designated 60. The circuit for the system shown and described includes appropriate means normally biasing the switch 60 to a closed position in the red or reject lamp circuit 62, which, in the absence of proper code setting of the light selector switches will, upon closing of test switch 64, activate the red reject light. The circuit also includes means such that when all of the' leads 58 are energized a transistor, switching and relay circuit will be activated in a green or accept circuit, generally 66, by throwing switch arm 68 into contact with the green light contact through a go-around circuit established. Therefore, if the proper code is established on the switches and is in accordance with the apertures in the credit card, the proper light sources will be energized and will then activate and energize the proper sensors in the proper established pattern to visually indicate validity or acceptance of the card. The code can be readily and quickly changed by insertion of new blocks containing the predesigned and arranged light source and sensor circuits together with a properly apertured credit card. These various elements are of such a construction and type that they are substantially tamper proof, and the established circuitry or code pattern cannot readily be determined in the absence of extensive trial and error manipulation or inspection. This renders the present system economically and time-wise unfeasible of precalculated attempts to determine the code for fraudulent or unauthorized use of a credit card.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a circuit usable with the invention is shown in substantial detail. Manifestly, changes in individual components and circuitry can be effected by those skilled in the art. In the illustrated embodiment the power source can consist of volts, AC, single phase source, but can be different with proper components. The jower input passes through an appropriate transformer 70 into a sensor, read-out circuit generally designated 72 and through leads 74 to a light source circuit generally indicated at 76. The switches 50 have a plurality of contacts 78, in a usual manner, connected by the contact leads 48 to individual ones of contacts 46 of light sources 44 in a predetermined pattern as hereinbefore stated. Setting of the switches will therefore actuate given ones of the light sources in accordance with the switch setting, and commensurate with the set code pattern of the light sources in appropriate preestablished circuitry.
The light sensors 42, arranged in a predetermined and set circuit through leads 58 are connected to a bank of transistors 80, one with each lead 58, and upon energization of each of the transistors then through appropriate switching elements 82, with incorporation of appropriate resistors 84, and condensers 86, will energize relay 88 to establish a go-around circuit to move switch arm 68 into closed position with respect to the green lamp circuit, and at the same time open the red or reject lamp circuit. Appropriate components and values are indicated by way of example only on the circuit schematic and are operable therein in an appropriate and obvious manner. Further description herein is not considered necessary for practice of the invention by those skilled in the art.
The relationship and functioning of the combination of light sources, credit card with apertures and light sensors are shown in FIGS. 4 and 4A, wherein it will be seen that proper rays from the individual light sources 40 will pass through encoded apertures 38 and impinge upon certain ones of the sensors 42. If the coded patterns all mate actuation of the green or accept light will result. FIG. 4A shows a condition wherein the light sources, apertures and sensors are not properly mated or matched. Here an improperly or incorrectly activated light source is indicated at 40A, with the light ray 54A being reflected from the opaque card 18, no aperture therefor being provided, with the reflected ray portion being shown at 54B. Appropriately energized or instituted rays 54 are otherwise shown as passing through appropriate apertures.
It will therefore be seen that the present invention will operate to indicate or signal a true ownership of a card by use of a secret code known only to the proper owner of the card, and unauthorized use or tampering with the card and system is eliminated. The arrangement and circuitry can be readily and easily changed by replacement of mating and matching components as aforesaid, and the present system can be utilized in many difierent manners. A greater or lesser number of light sources and sensors with actuating mechanism therefor can be utilized, and the number of codes that can be established is, as can be readily understood, extremely great.
While a test contact switch for manual operation has been described, obviously a card actuated switch could be used, and appropriate means could be incorporated for accurate positioning of the card in the system. The
system is susceptible of being transistorized for compactness and low power consumption. The system is complete within itself and does not require a secondary piece for completion of a circuit for operation, and the circuits can be easily changed without unauthorized persons knowledge and still identify a secret code known only by an owner. As indicated additional light sources and sensors can be placed in the system for an increased spread of code' numbers, and if desired, the light sources and sensors can be made movable or rotated to give an increased variety of selection of secret code numbers.
Operation of the invention will be readily apparent from the foregoing description. Manifestly, minor changes in details can be effected within the disclosed and described system without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined in and limited solely by the appended claims.
I claim:
1. An encoded identity card or the like electrical check system having a circuit with means for deriving light therefrom, and sensor and readout means, comprising:
(A) a plural light source, consisting of a plurality of individual lights, connected in a coded printed circuit;
(B) means for activating selected ones of said lights to define an encoded pattern thereof;
(C) a plurality of light sensors spaced from said lights in a patterned encoded array and in projected alignment therewith;
(D) a card defining a plurality of light passage apertures therethrough in a predetermined pattern, interposable between said lights and said light sensors;
(E) card code verification and rejection means operatively associated with and in circuit with said light sensors, correct light source pattern activation in a corresponding mating pattern with said card apertures, permitting impingment of light rays onto selected ones of said sensors in the pattern to activate the card verification means, mismatching of the light pattern and card apertures activating said card code rejection means.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, the code comprising at least three-digit system, the lights consisting of at least three, and each having a contact connected into said printed circuit, said lights, said contacts and said circuit being incorporated in a removable and replaceable block, said lights and said light activating means being so interconnected in said circuit as to create a preselected light pattern upon selective activation of the derivation means in accordance with a card holders code.
3. A system as claimed in claim 2, said card being opaque to thereby reject rays from said lights which are activated in nonaccordance with a card holders code and thereby permitting activation of only the light sensors corresponding to the predetermined code.
4. A system as claimed in claim 3, said read-out means including separate visual validating and invalidating indicators, switch means for the validating and invalidating indicators, said invalidating indicator switch means being normally closed upon energization of said system, the light sensor circiut so interconnecting said light sensors in a predetermined pattern and being so interconnected with the indicator circuits that upon energization of the system with proper light setting mating with the coded apertures in said card, the normally closed invalidating indicator switch is opened and the validating indicator switch is closed for visually indicating card holder validation.
5. A system as claimed in claim 4, the light sensor circuit including nine sensors connected in predetermined circuit paths, leads from said paths, transistors connected to each said lead, switch means actuable by said transistors upon energization thereof and a relay in said readout circuit energizable by said switch means to activate said validation indicator switch upon light and card aperture mating determined by selected activation of said lights.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS DONALD J. YUSKO, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
Referenced by
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The Washington County Gay Straight Alliance, Inc. has facilitated and provided resources for a peer group of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Transsexual, Questioning, Queer, Asexual, and Allied (LGBTQA) youth since November 2005. The WCGSA formed a Nonprofit Corporation in August, 2012, to expand programming and services. On July 2, 2014, we received 501(c)(3) status from the Internal Revenue Service. In Sept., 2014, we took over hosting 2nd Friday Nights Potluck, a monthly social gathering for the LGBTQA community of all ages. Our long- term goal is to establish a welcoming Community Center in Washington for all ages. It is an unfortunate reality that in small towns and rural areas like Washington County there are not as many social opportunities or healthy lifestyle resources available to our youth and the LGBTQA population in general. The WCGSA provides some of these opportunities and is evolving to meet the growing need to do more.
Download the flier to see the details!
The Washington County Gay Straight Alliance, Inc. began hosting the 2nd Friday Nights potluck social gathering in
Sept., 2014, at First Presbyterian Church, 1793, 100 E. Wheeling Street, Washington, basement level social hall, at
6:30 p.m. every 2nd Friday of each month. The evening will be a chance to socialize and get to know each other. Please
like 2nd Friday Nights on Facebook
as another way to get updates. Thanks and hope to see you soon!
Download the flier to learn more!
The Washington Co. GSA strives to provide a safe, confidential environment for Washington County youth regardless of sex, race, ability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, or belief system. This is a confidential group. All services and resources are provided by the WCGSA to all who seek them at no cost.
Washington County Gay Straight Alliance, Inc. is dedicated to affirming acceptance between diverse groups of people, raising awareness in our community of the needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Transsexual, Questioning, Queer, Asexual, and Allied (LGBTQA) people through support, education, and community outreach on the issues of diversity. WCGSA, Inc. provides a safe, confidential environment for individuals of Washington County and the surrounding areas regardless of sex, race, disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation.

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2007 BMW 3 Series Coupe 328i 2dr Coupe (3.0L 6cyl 6M)
This is a very awesome car, since I purchased this vehicle, I definitely get a lot of looks from people who haven't recognized the new body style of the coupe and from a lot of car enthusiasts. Previously I drove a 4 cylinder which had plenty of get up, but the increase in horsepower from the inline six as well as the excellent handling gives me more than enough to enjoy my drive.
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Just picked up my new BMW coupe last week, and I love it! The six speed is fun, handling is fabulous and the interior is stunning. I am inventing errands just to go driving. It has exceeded my expectations. My husband loves it too, and he is not a car person. One thing I am surprised by is that it is more refined feeling than my old BMW. I like the new cupholders. I wish dealers were not trying to make these into lame cars for incapable people by stocking them with navigation and automatic transmissions. I had to special order my car 2 months ago to get a manual coupe, sport pkg, in alpine white. Those options, IN A BMW, call for a special order! This is ridiculous, America!
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I'm fortunate to be one of the first in the DC Metro area to buy the new 328i. Though I have not yet had a chance to take it out and really enjoy it, initial reaction to everything, including performance, design, and comfort, is positive. Nothing drives like a BMW. And in this case, nothing looks like the 328i. The head-turning quotient is off the charts.
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This car is like all BMWs, hugs the road and plenty of power, the only downfall is the design of the seat belt function which ours needed to be fixed the day after we bought the car! I like the location of the windows in our old 2003 325i better. BMW sold us the car on the wonderful exterior design that makes this car stand out!
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I haven't really had a lot of time to drive this vehicle but it is incredible. After test driving this and several competitors, this was the one that stood on top. It just handled like you wanted a car to but felt you were riding in a more expensive vehicle. I highly recommend this car to anyone who loves to drive and wants to enjoy the ride and relax at the same time.
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What is your favorite guitar solo? I've heard so many guitar solo's that picking a favorite is hard. But here are some of my top ones:
Fade To Black - Metallica. Start's at 0:53
I'd Love To Change The World - Ten Years After. Start's at 2:08
This topic is locked from further discussion.
Oh man that's hard... there are so many awesome solos from so many different bands.
My favorite would have to be RHCP - I Could Have Lied, though. Starts around 1:55. Second solo at 3:18 or so is awesome too.
come on ..
Hmmmm. That's really difficult.
I have the first five Metallica albums sitting in front of me in WMP right now and I'm looking... and can't narrow it down. Literally every song here is a contender. If I had to narrow it down to a small number I'd say Blackened, Ride the Lightning, AJFA, Creeping Death, Dyer's Eve, Master of Puppets, Hit the Lights, and Seek and Destroy. Fade to Black is good too, as mentioned.
Other than that, Free Bird, Sweet Child O' Mine, and Eruption (which is pretty much a solo in itself) are all up there.
There is no other:
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Pope Francis has completed his first days in office. Much has been made of his frugal lifestyle, his apparent simplicity and his sense of humour. Those are admirable traits and it is also refreshing to hear a religious leader talking about solidarity with the poor rather than the prosperity gospel preached by so many. On the other hand, virtually every knowledgeable commentator cautions that we should not expect changes to the hierarchy's conservative doctrinal positions on matters such as birth control, the ordination of women or of married men. Francis may prove to be a humble man and a pastoral leader, but the substance of the message likely will not change as much as the manner of its delivery. The media has gone overboard in covering the selection and installation of a new pope. It is great television – the backdrops of St. Peter's Square and the Vatican, the suspense, the white smoke, the pope's first appearance on the balcony. But now at least some journalists and commentators are getting down to work, as they should, to tell us more about the man who has been elevated to this position of prominence and power.Read More
Ron Paul is a Texan who has made three marginal runs for the American presidency and who is also considered by many to be a godfather of the Tea Party movement that has driven the Republican Party to the far right. The Huffington Post reports that Paul's campaign in the Republican primaries in 2012 foundered "when newsletters published under his name back in the 1980s and '90s were found to contain anti-gay and racially-charged statements." Paul says that he did not write those comments even though he acknowledges they appeared in his literature. Paul is a headline speaker at a conference of the Manning Centre for Building Democracy about to occur in Ottawa. Paul has already held forth in a series of Canadian interviews in which he says he opposes public health care and all gun registries but wants to see the Keystone XL Pipeline built as soon as possible to deliver Alberta oil to Texas refineries.
Preston Manning and his wife Sandra created the Manning Centre in 2005 to act as a training ground for conservative politicos and a think tank and advocacy arm for conservative causes. Each year Manning holds what he calls a networking conference in Ottawa. Often the guest speakers are those such as Ron Paul, who for the most part have narrowly missed prominence, and others who have now left prominence behind them. A speaker in the latter category this year is former Australian Prime Minister John Howard.Read More
Pope Benedict XVI has left the scene and I want briefly to look at his performance as a communicator. A past anecdote may be instructive here. I worked in communications with the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops (CCCB) for four years in the early 1990s. Those were not easy days for the church. Issues regarding the sexual abuse of children by clerics and the church's role in residential schools were becoming hot topics and causing great angst. I recall asking one of the bishops if we should do some public opinion polling. He was amused and replied, "Bishops don't ask for advice, they provide it."
When Benedict succeeded Pope John Paul II in 2005, much was made of their different personalities. John Paul had been widely hailed as a great communicator while Benedict was considered to be more cerebral and introverted. John Paul was indeed a charismatic man but his communication was mostly all one way. He believed, as popes and bishops have over the centuries, that they are the repository of God's wisdom and it is their duty to share it with the rest of us.
In that fundamental way, there was virtually no difference between the two popes. Now, on the threshold of a new papacy, we are being told that we should not expect the message to change, no matter who is elevated. Cardinal Thomas Collins of Toronto likes to say that Moses did not descend from the mountain with Ten Suggestions in hand. The church's message apparently is fixed. What is at stake in communicating that message is not a change in substance but rather in the style of delivery.Read More
It is not often that a religiously-based publication breaks news because most of them don't have the staff or resources to do so. A recent exception occurred in The Catholic Register, the official publication of the Archdiocese of Toronto. In January 2013, the Register published an investigative story showing that when the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) drastically reduced its funding to the Catholic organization Development and Peace (D&P) in 2012, it did so despite high praise for the aid organization from within CIDA's own bureaucracy.
Development and Peace, a long-time partner in development work with CIDA, made a new proposal for funding in July 2010. In February 2012, after being kept in suspense for almost two years, D&P was told that CIDA, which had provided $44.6 million in the years 2006-11, had chopped that amount by two-thirds, to a total of $14.5 million over the next five years. Bev Oda, who was then the CIDA minister, provided no detailed reasons for the cuts.Read More
The Conservative government has in the past two or three years forced the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to shift funding away from long-established development partners such as the Mennonite Central Committee and the Catholic Organization for Development and Peace. CIDA money has instead began to flow to Canadian corporations, particularly to mining companies active in the global South. Julian Fantino, the minister in charge of CIDA, thinks that's a great idea but his agenda may actually be a kiss of death for those non-government organizations (NGOs) who have become involved in joint projects with the mining industry. The Toronto Star reports that many loyal donors to those NGOs are upset and they are keeping their wallets in their pockets.
Abandoning ship?
A story in The Star says that Plan Canada, one of several organizations involved in projects that link CIDA, NGOs and mining companies may abandon its partnership with Iamgold in Burkina Faso. CIDA is providing Plan Canada $5.6 million to operate an educational program in the West African country. Iamgold, which operates a gold mine there, is committed to spending another $1 million per year to the project and Plan has also committed $1 million. The project is to offer job-skills training for 6,400 children.Read More
Edgar Schmidt, a senior lawyer in the federal Department of Justice, has taken a courageous and highly unusual step. He has launched a court case against his employer for what he believes is its failure to protect Canadians against Parliament creating laws and regulations that could infringe upon their human rights. On the day after Schmidt filed his claim with the court in December 2012, the department suspended him without pay and barred him from his office. That harsh action, in turn, did not amuse the Federal Court judge hearing the case. "The court doesn't like that," said Mr. Justice Simon Noel. "We see that in different countries and we don't like it . . . Canada is still a democracy."
Knowledgeable observers are saying that Schmidt's case and the department's harsh reaction toward him speak to the erosion of democracy in Canada. In fact, a group called the Voices-Voix Coalition, has filed a submission with a United Nations working group in which it accuses the government of a whole range of transgressions against democracy. The UN group will hold sessions in April- May 2013.
Schmidt is (was) a senior lawyer whose duties since 1998 have included drafting and advising on legislation. He was, prior to his suspension in December, a general counsel and special adviser in the department's Legislative Services Branch.Read More
Has the time finally arrived, after the unspeakable shooting rampage in December 2012 that killed 20 children and six teachers in Newtown, Connecticut, when the United States will finally take action to prevent thousands of its citizens from being gunned down every year? Two years ago Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords was shot in the head during a political event in a mall parking lot in Tucson, Arizona. She survived but six people were killed. Giffords has had to retire from politics but has made a difficult and courageous recovery. "Since that terrible day," Giffords writes on her website, "America has seen 11 more mass shootings – but no response from Congress to prevent gun violence."
Recently, Giffords met with town and school officials in Newtown before visiting with victims' families from the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre. Giffords has chosen to become involved in a campaign for the stricter regulation of guns in the U.S. and has just launched an organization called Americans for Responsible Solutions.
There are 33,000 guns deaths a year in the U.S. and 12,000 of those are murders. Globe and Mail columnist Lawrence Martin, quoting American sources, writes that "more Americans die from gun-related homicides and suicides in the space of half a year than have died in the past quarter century of terrorist attacks, as well as the Afghan and Iraq wars combined."Read More
The Conservative government will soon announce an Office of Religious Freedom, fulfilling a promise made in the 2011 election campaign. The stated intention of Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird is to create an organization that will monitor and criticize religious persecution and to promote religious freedom around the world. There is no shortage of persecution in countries as diverse as India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Colombia and Mexico, but as is always the case in politics it is important to scrutinize the intent and the fine print of any undertaking. Doing so raises some genuine questions about the wisdom of this idea, a fact that may also explain why the government has been so slow in fulfilling its promise.Read More


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Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730-0928
School Overview
|School Type
|Vocational/Technical School
|School Membership(s)School Assoc.
|California Association of Private Special Education Schools (CAPSES)
|Religious Affiliation
|Grades Offered
|Grades 11 - 12
|Offers Post-Graduate Year
|Learning Difference Programs
|Learning Programs Supported
|IEP specialist and psych/counselor on sight
Student Body
|Total Students
|39 students
|Student Body Type
|% Students of Color
State avg.: 44%
|Students by Grade
Academics and Faculty
|Total Classroom Teachers
|3 teachers
|Student : Teacher Ratio
National avg.: 13:1
|Average Class Size
|15 students
|List of Courses Offered
|Link to List of Courses
|Matriculation DataMatric. Data
|Link to Matriculation Data
Finances and Admission
|Admission Deadline
|None / Rolling
|Acceptance Rate
National avg.: 85%
|Admissions Director
|Robert Vandenakker
School Notes:
Serves the poor in spirit by creating a place where one does not feel judged or accused but accepted. It is our goal to provide life skills which brings balance into the lives touched by this program. The end result is a lifestyle rooted in personal responsiblity.
Nearby Schools:
- School Location Miles Students Grades
Rancho CucamongaMontessori School House
8968 Archibald Avenue
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
(909)948-8733Montessori School0.6 mi | 133 students | Gr. NS-4
Rancho CucamongaHarvard Place Private School
8968 Archibald Ave.
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
(909)944-3765(Non-sectarian)0.6 mi | 161 students | Gr. KG-8
Rancho CucamongaRancho Cucamonga KinderCare
10191 Foothill Boulevard
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
(909)989-6136Daycare / Preschool (Non-sectarian)0.8 mi | n/a students | Gr. NS-PK
Rancho CucamongaPebbles Christian School
7690 Archibald Ave
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
(909)987-6264Daycare / Preschool (Methodist)1.1 mi | 36 students | Gr. PK-KG
OntarioKids Club
1825 N Vineyard Ave
Ontario, CA 91764
(909)985-7279Daycare / Preschool1.1 mi | 25 students | Gr. PK-KG
School Reviews
More ArticlesWhy Private School, Paying For It, Choosing a Private School, Opinion, Elementary Issues


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The Environmental Information Association Asbestos · Lead · Mold · Indoor Air Quality THE MOST CONCENTRATED GATHERING OF BUYING POWER IN THE INDUSTRY The 27th Annual EIA 2010 Conference & Exposition About The Environmental Information Association, with its beginnings as the National Asbestos Council, has spent 25 years at the forefront in providing the environmental industry with the information needed to remain knowledgeable, responsible, and competitive in the environmental health and safety industry. Mission Statement The Association's multi-disciplinary membership will collect, generate and disseminate information concerning environmental health hazards to occupants of buildings, industrial sites and other facility operations. The 27th Annual EIA GENERAL SESSIONS AND KEYNOTE SPEAKER th Conference & Exposition The Environmental Information Association will open the 27 Annual of the Environmental Conference with the EIA General Session and Annual Meeting, with Information Association presentations by EIA Managing Director Brent Kynoch, and EIA March 27-31, 2010 Pres Michael Breu (Fiberquant Analytical Services, Phoenix, AZ) We are pleased to welcome Ronald E. Gots Chief Executive Officer of the International Center for Toxicology and Medicine, and the Chief Scientist of Building Health Sciences, a Division of The NMAS Group, In Rockville, MD, as our Keynote Presenter. Dr. Gots has Dr. Gots has authored six books and dozens of articlea on biochemistry, toxicology, mold and mold toxins in insurance and legal literature. Dr. Gots has focused on the scientific methods for assessing causation of diseases allegedly associated with chemical and biological agents. He has assisted hundreds of clients in analysis, strategy and testimony of chemical and mold injury claims, regulatory matters, mass tort claims, environmental and workplace Ron Gots M.D. Ph.D. exposure issues, and risk communication. He has provided medical oversight for chemically-exposed and mold-exposed individuals and has overseen numerous mold remediation projects. We thank Dr. Gots for his participation in the EIA 2010 National Conference. Message from a friend, March 27, 2010: Hi Sharon, "I just attended the EIA conference keynote address by Ron Gots. I thought you might be interested to know that, in the process of spending an hour essentially saying that mold illness is actually mental illness, Ron Gots also took some time to discredit you. Saying over and over that you "badgered" (his words) Bruce Kelman, and he used a disdainful tone when talking about you. He also stated vehemently that you were required to pay him in the end (but failed to go into the details with true light given to both sides or the monetary amount). I thought it showed lack of class on his part. And really, he probably should have gotten permission from you to use your name in a speaking forum. IN RE: Hake v Coleman Homes DEPOSITION OF: Ronald Gots, M.D. ASSOCIATED REPORTERS OF NEVADA - 702/382-8778 2300 West Sahara Avenue, Suite 770, Las Vegas, NV 89102 LAS VEGAS, NV, 28th day of November, 2006, Q: In terms of your work in this particular case, did you collaborate directly with Dr. Saxon in any way, or have you guys operated in separate and distinct spheres in terms of your work from your mind's eye? Ron Gots:. I think it was primarily separate and distinct. I believe we had one phone conference with counsel. I don't recall exactly when that was, but it was at least six or eight months ago when Dr. Saxon and I were both on the phone. I think that's the only time I've spoken to Dr. Saxon about this matter. Q. In terms of Dr. Saxon, what was your knowledge of Dr. Saxon prior to the Hake case? A. Well, I've certainly read a lot of Dr. Saxon's writings. I've met him once. We correspond periodically, send e-mails to each other. Q. Okay. A. And that's really how I know him. Q. Which sort of leads to this. Rather than, you know, squirreling around here, let me get right to it. Do you ever make any referrals to each other; you know, for a case, refer her name to counsel, that type of thing? A. I think that's probably happened a few times. There's no formal arrangement for that, but I think we've referred matters to each other. ............................................................................................................................................................. Q. And it is your position to this day that you had nothing to do with the generation of the original ACOEM paper in 2002, correct? A. I had nothing whatsoever to do with it. Q. Okay. However, you endorsed the conclusions and remarks in the 2002 ACOEM paper, correct? A. Yes. I still do. Q. And you also endorse the remarks in the 2006 article in the journal, correct? A. Correct. ............................................................................................................................................................. Q. Okay. And in terms of the calendar year 1980, is it still a correct statement, Doctor, that the last time that you had hands-on clinical treatment of a patient was in the calendar year 1980? A. Approximately, yes. Q. Okay. And when you have the publications called DRI -- and there are, I think, about six in total here -- are you aware that DRI is the acronym for The Defense Research Institute? A. Certainly. Q. And that is an organization of civil trial defense lawyers, correct? A. That's correct. We have hourly rates that differ for different activities. I don't have them all in my head. My review activities are billed at 385 an hour, my testimony at 450. Q. And have you ever had any formal training in the evaluation and treatment of occupational diseases? A. Not in a residency training program, not that kind of formal training, no. Q. Have you ever had any formal training in the evaluation and treatment of environmental disease? A. Not formal training, no. Q. Have you ever had any formal training in the evaluation and treatment of toxicological exposures? A. Well, yes. I mean, certainly I've had that, and let me back up a second. I mean, I've certainly had some formal training in the prior two in medical school but no formal training residency programs thereafter -- Q. Okay. A. -- in toxicology, also in medical school but also in my Ph.D. program in pharmacology. Q. How about in regard to a residency experience for formal training in the evaluation and treatment of toxicological exposure? A. Not in a residency program, in my Ph.D. program. Q. How about in regard to residency, formal training in the evaluation and treatment of biological exposure? A. Residency training in that? Q. Yes. A. No. Q. Okay. Doctor, have you ever completed a 25 residency or fellowship in occupational and environmental medicine? A. No. Q. Have you ever completed a residency or fellowship in internal medicine? A. No. Q. Have you ever completed a residency or fellowship in allergy? A. No. Q. Have you ever completed a residency or fellowship in immunology? A. No. Q. Have you ever completed a residency or fellowship in pulmonary medicine? A. No. Q. Same question in regard to medical toxicology? A. In -- a residency in medical toxicology, no. Q. Have you ever been affiliated with or employed in a medical practice or clinic that treats - clinically treats injured workers? A. Yes. Q. How long ago? A. Oh, 25, 30 -- 25 to 30 years ago. Q. Have you ever been employed or affiliated with a medical practice or clinic that treats individuals with occupational and environmental diseases? A. Yes. Q. How long ago? A. Again, 25 or 30 years. Q. Do you have a master's or doctorate degree in public health? A. No. Q. Do you have any coursework completion at an accredited institution in epidemiology? A. I don't know whether I actually had a course -- a formal course in epidemiology in my Ph.D. program, but I don't believe so. Q. Have you ever had any coursework from an accredited institution in any area of environmental risk assessment? A. In courses given at various conferences where we have two- or three-day courses I have, yes. Q. Okay. And how about in industrial hygiene? A. No formal courses in industrial hygiene. Q. In regard to your Ph.D. in pharmacology, what percentage of your coursework, Doctor, focused on occupational disease? A. I would say that probably none of it directly focused on occupational disease. Q. In regard to your Ph.D. in pharmacology, what part of it focused on environmental disease? A. Probably none directly. Q. In regard to your Ph.D. in pharmacology, what portion of it focused on toxicological exposure outside of ingested medication or ingested poison? A. I can't answer that, how much may have dealt with other toxicological agents besides those that were ingested. I'm just not sure. Q. In regard to your Ph.D. in pharmacology, Doctor, what percentage of your coursework involved biological exposure? A. Probably none. Q. In regard to your Ph.D. in pharmacology, Doctor, what portion of your coursework involved industrial hygiene? A. None. Q. In regard to your Ph.D. in pharmacology, Doctor, what portion of your coursework dealt with interpretation of environmental laboratory testing? A. None. Q. Would it be fair to say, Doctor, that your coursework in Ph.D. pharmacology did not involve any training on how to conduct a site visit of a workplace or residence for chemical or biological contamination? A. That's correct. Q. You advise in your vitae, Doctor, that you have taught a course at Georgetown on environmental toxicology. Do I have that correct? A. Yes. Q. What department are you affiliated with in connection with that course? A. The department of pharmacology and toxicology. Q. And is that an ongoing appointment, or is it a one time? Give me a little bit of a sense of that. A. I still have an appointment, but it's an episodic seminar program. Q. And in terms of the curriculum, is that something that you could provide if asked? A. I believe so. Q. Okay. And is Georgetown aware of your work where your time is compensated on the defense side in mold-related litigation? A. I don't think Georgetown cares one way or the other. Q. Back to my question. Have you disclosed to Georgetown about your compensation for your time on the defense side of mold cases? A. No. Q. They have no idea about that? A. No. Q. In 2002, your corporation affiliated with Georgetown Medical School in cosponsoring a major mold symposium. Do you remember that? A. Right. Q. In connection with that symposium, did you ever disclose to the individuals – appropriate individuals at Georgetown that you are compensated for your time as a defense expert witness in mold matters? A. Yes, well, the chairman of the department of pharmacology who is officially my boss at Georgetown or was knew very well what our professional activities were, yes. Q. And who was that? A. Oh, I don't recall his name. I can't for the moment. It will come back to me. Q. That's all right. In terms of your episodic teaching of this environmental toxicology course at Georgetown University School of Medicine, do you deal with students on symptomatology secondary to mold exposure? A. One of our sections dealt with mold and various things that mold does and doesn't do, yes. Q. Did you disclose at any time that you have taught this course to the students that you are teaching at Georgetown University School of Medicine, environmental toxicology, that you are an individual who receives compensation for your time in testifying on the defense side of mold cases? A. Of course not. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kzw43d00/pdf?search=%22ron%20gots%22 Activities Report For Subject Distribution December 10, 1992 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company November 1992 Activities The following is a summary of the services performed by E. Bruce Harrison Company on behalf of the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company during the month of November 1992: o Prepared document presenting an overview of TIEQ's 1993 activities; o Prepared comments on the California Air Resources Board's report on the effects of energy efficiency standards on indoor air quality; o Co-sponsored and attended the symposium on multiple chemical sensitivity conducted by the International Society of Toxicology and Pharmacology; o Developed government relations plan for 1993; o Met with Betsy Annese, Seth Moskowitz, and Sam Simmons to discuss scientific assessment issues related to environmental tobacco smoke; o Met with Doug Greenwood of the American Institute for Architects to discuss AIA's work on indoor air issues; o Organized a TIEQ executive committee meeting for 12/3; o Met with Trudy Bryan of DuPont to discuss increasing TIEQ membership contribution; o Prepared memo detailing TIEQ's strategy for a Massachusetts symposium; o Monitored activities resulting from Senate carpet emissions hearings; o Worked to recruit new companies to join the TIEQ coalition; o Met with Ron Gots to discuss contractual issues, plans for 1993? There are approximately 101 Documents within the UCSF Tobacco Legacy Library Pertaining to Ron Gots ron gots Entire Record Search in Search Help | Questions or Comments? Collections: [all] [none] [MSA] American Tobacco Lorillard Research British American Tobacco Liggett & Myers RJ Reynolds Brown & Williamson Mangini ("Joe Camel") Tobacco Institute Canadian Tobacco Trials Multimedia Collection UCSF Brown & Williamson Council for Tobacco Research Philip Morris US Smokeless Tobacco DATTA Transcripts Pollay Advertising But this time State Farm used a different paper review company. It sent Cindy's file from Boise, Idaho, to Bethesda, Maryland, to a company called Medical Claims Review Services or MCRS. So we tracked down the company's founder and former medical director, Dr. Ronald Gots. John Larson "Dateline NBC" Correspondent In 2001, "The Paper Chase," Larson's investigation of the insurance industry, became one of the most honored broadcasts in broadcast journalism history. The piece won the prestigious Alfred I. du Pont-Columbia Silver Baton, the George Foster Peabody, the George Polk, the IRE for Investigative Reporting, the Loeb Award for Business Reporting, the Edward R. Murrow Award and several others. This article may be read in its entirety at: http://www.attorneykennugent.com/new/statefarm.html Excerpts from "The Paper Chase" July 25, 2001 — "Dateline NBC" had people talking from coast to coast last month — about car insurance. Maybe you thought your insurance would cover your medical bills if you were hurt in an accident — until our story about "paper reviews." State Farm Insurance company — and others — can use those reviews to deny medical claims — leaving you uncovered when you need help most. We heard from more than 1,000 people, most of whom praised our report…. IN THE NATION'S capitol, reaction to Dateline NBC's investigation of insurance practices was swift and strong. The chairman of the House Commerce Committee promised "full investigative powers" to examine the issue. "But you can bet there will be hearings." Within a week of our broadcast, Sen. John McCain, who chairs the Senate Commerce Committee, fired off a letter to the nation's insurance commissioners, expressing concern over "possible collusion" among insurance companies and paper review companies…. If you're like a lot of people, you buy insurance trusting it will pay off when you need it. And most of the time, that's exactly what happens. But what happens when it doesn't?.. But this time State Farm used a different paper review company. It sent Cindy's file from Boise, Idaho, to Bethesda, Maryland, to a company called Medical Claims Review Services or MCRS. So we tracked down the company's founder and former medical director, Dr. Ronald Gots. Right away, we learned that just like at CMR, doctors didn't write many of the reports it sent to State Farm and other insurance companies. In fact, they often didn't even sign them. Other people in the office did that for them. Dr. Gots: "It was our report, but someone else did the calligraphy." But Dr. Gots assured us, just like the president of CMR had, that doctors always, always read and checked them all. Gots: "A doctor looked at every one." Larson: "You read all the reports?" Gots: "That's right". But listen to what happened next when we told him a former MCRS doctor had told us just the opposite. Larson: "He said it was standard practice at MCRS for reports to go out without a doctor ever looking at them." Gots: "It was not standard practice." Larson: "You're actually saying it never happened." Gots: "It was certainly not standard practice. It may, I can't say that it, excuse me, never happened. But it was certainly not standard practice." We kept asking and Dr. Gots eventually admitted that 10 to 15 percent of MCRS's reports, hundreds, were never looked at by doctors at all. Gots: "I mean, there are, there is, there were some small percent of cases that probably went out." Larson: "10-15 percent?" Gots: "That would be my best guess. And it's a guess at this point, that went out under our medical director's signature, that had been reviewed by the nurse." Larson: "If that's the case, why didn't the nurses just sign them?" Larson: "Doctor, with all due respect, how do you know it represented your view if you never even looked at it?" "Dateline" obtained copies of 79 MCRS reports done for State Farm. Although too small a number to draw any definitive conclusions, we were surprised to find every single medical review — 79 out of 79 — favored State Farm, recommended cutting back or denying care to accident victims. Dr. Gots told us that's because State Farm only sent him problematic cases. But we asked State Farm's Jack North. John Larson: "What does that suggest to you when this independent medical review company sends back 79 cases and all 79 recommend cutting medical reimbursement? Doesn't that seem strange?"… Jim Mathis: "It is a company-wide program, and it is decisively and deliberately orchestrated." Jim Mathis is a former State Farm superintendent who had one of the bigger jobs at State Farm in Washington state. He told us State Farm management not only knew there was pattern of negative opinions, but wanted it that way. Mathis: "There's only one motivation for using a paper review. And that's to increase profits by reducing costs." Take a look at this — a page from a State Farm manual — sent to hundreds of employees. It says if adjusters want to deny a claim, they should hire a paper review company "who will support your position." As for Cindy Robinson, she began an uphill battle against the resources of the insurance giant. State Farm said they didn't think Cindy's injuries were caused by the accident. It had the MCRS reports, and the opinions of two neurologists who examined her and said her injuries were "not compatible with her accident." All Cindy had were the opinions of her own doctors and the feeling that all this wasn't fair. So she sued State Farm for bad faith…. So Cindy pursued her lawsuit, two years ago, she finally had her day in court. The jury awarded Cindy nearly $10 million in damages. State Farm asked for a new trial, but the judge said "no" and issued this scathing opinion. He called the paper review company, MCRS, a "completely bogus operation," which prepared "cookie cutter reports." MCRS went out of business in 1995, one year after Cindy filed her lawsuit. But Dr. Gots insists MCRS was unfairly portrayed at the trial and that its medical reports were good. Dr. Gots: "In fact, we were above standards in the industry by far." John Larson: "So you're saying other medical review companies probably looked at even less?" Gots: "Oh, yeah. They don't even have doctors. They have all nurses or clerical people who do reviews." …And since our broadcast, we've learned more about what State Farm knew about its paper reviews and how high that knowledge went. Remember, State Farm claims it never knew there was a pattern of negative reviews from paper review companies — in this case, MCRS. Jack North: "Looking back, if we had been able to look broader at the time we may have seen that trend earlier. And it is not a trend I'm happy about or supportive of." But we found a letter from as far back as 11 years ago sent by MCRS to State Farm's own point person for paper reviews nationwide — William Wallace, who worked right at State Farm headquarters.The MCRS letter brags they were saving State Farm almost $2,000 per claim, making its case that it was profitable for State Farm to do business with MCRS.
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About this item
The Comfortable Stackable Steel Side Chair is ideal for anyone who wants an extra seating option in their home or for an event. It features soft padding for maximum comfort. The sturdy steel tubing comes in a stylish black finish that fits neatly into most decor settings. The frame is durable and will stand up to wear and tear. Ideal for small offices, computer labs and other professional places, this office side chair is also great for home use. This chair is stackable, which makes it easy to store if you have more than one (each sold separately). Give any space a smart look with two or four of these chairs neatly lined up.
Comfortable Stackable Steel Side Chair:
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- Extremely comfortable with 2.5'' of padding
- Black tubular steel frame
- Extremely durable; will withstand years of uses
- Seat size: 19''W x 18.5''D
- Back size: 18.5''W x 14.25''H
- Seat height: 19''H
- Overall dimensions: 33.25''H
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Description from the manager
- 2 bedrooms
- 1 bathrooms
- Sleeps 4
- Apartment
Bedrooms: 2
Bathrooms: 1
Sleeps: 4
Type: Apt. / CondoDesign apartment Laborde
Description from the manager
Recently refurbished, this modern apartment is luxurious and hip with exciting splashes of colours on an otherwise neutral canvas.
In this open plan lay out the walls are white, the wooden floors are blond and the windows are tall, conveying a sense of spaciousness and light. The living area features a double sofa bed, which softens and warms the space, a cheerful chartreuse chair, a glass coffee table and for your entertainment there is a Flat Screen TV and Wi-Fi Internet Service. Next to the dining table is the kitchen, fully equipped with fridge, stove, oven, microwave, toaster, coffee maker, kettle and cupboards filled with crockery ...Read more
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Apartments in Paris
Apartments in Paris
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Overall rating4.0 / 5.0 based on 2 reviews and 34 properties
Design apartment Laborde
Paris, Ile-de-France (Paris Region), France
Additional Location Information
Situated on the right bank of the River Seine, the apartment on Rue Labrode is next to the stylish Boulevard Haussmann, in the 8th arrondisement. This wide tree-lined boulevard was created in Paris during the Second French Empire by Baron Haussmann with enthusiastic support from Napoleon III.
The Boulevard Haussmann is mostly lined with impressive apartment blocks amongst which are the department stores Galeries Lafayette and Au Printemps.
Also on the 8th arrondissement is the Opéra, the Champs Élysées, the Arc de Triomphe and the Place de la Concorde, as well as the Élysee Palace, official residence of the President of France.
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Live Coverage 2015 Presented by Wolverine Worldwide
- Community & Culture
- Urban Institute for Contemporary Arts, Grand Rapids MI
Nosferatu with live music from Andrew Alden Ensemble
Urban Institute for Contemporary Arts
Saturday, March 2, 2013 from 8:00 PM to 10:00 PM (EST)
Rejuvenating silent film classics with live music, the Andrew Alden Ensemble brings an exciting new score to the iconic Nosferatu. F.W.'s Murnau's German expressionist horror film is revered as one of the scariest Dracula adaptations ever made. This new score by the Andrew Alden Ensemble features piano, strings, synthesizers, percussion and electric guitars and will be performed in person during the showing of the film, giving audiences a new experience of this memorable classic.
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Monday, 24 Mar 2014 01:53 PM
Here is a summary of the questions answered, and still pending, about the disappearance of Malaysian Airlines Flight 370 after Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak's Monday announcement.
What We Know
The plane crashed: Najib said satellite data showed the flight "ended in the southern Indian Ocean," confirming the Boeing 777 that disappeared more than two weeks ago went down in a remote corner of the ocean, "far from any possible landing sites."
Its last position: A British company calculated satellite data obtained from the remote area of the ocean, using analysis never before used in an aviation investigation of this kind, and pinpointed that the last spot the flight was seen in the air was in the middle of the ocean west of Perth, Australia.
No survivors: Najib left little doubt that all 239 crew members and passengers had perished in the crash; the father of an aviation engineer on the flight said, "We accept the news of the tragedy. It is fate."
Questions Remain
Who and how: Malaysian authorities have not ruled out any possible explanation for what happened to the jet, but have said the evidence so far suggests it was deliberately turned back across Malaysia to the Strait of Malacca, with its communications systems disabled. They are unsure what happened next. Authorities are considering the possibilities of hijacking, sabotage, terrorism, or issues related to the mental health of the pilots or someone else on board.
What's floating in the ocean: The prime minister didn't address whether investigators had confirmed floating objects in the ocean and images captured by several countries' search parties, including that of France and China, were in fact debris from the plane.
© Copyright 2015 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Wednesday, 01 Apr 2015 16:30 PM
Americans are torn by the flap over Indiana's Religious Freedom Restoration Act - most don't want such a law in their st . . .
Wednesday, 01 Apr 2015 16:14 PM
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Kukla's Korner Hockey
Gilbert Brule Plans To Retire
by Paul on 01/01/14 at 11:12 AM ET
Comments (0)
from Sarah McLellan of the Arizona Republic,
After failing to accept an assignment to the American Hockey League, forward Gilbert Brule's career with the Coyotes - and in the NHL - appears to be nearing an end.
Brule was assigned to Portland, the Coyotes' AHL affiliate, Sunday and was suspended Monday by the team once he didn't report.
"It's pretty simple," Coyotes General Manager Don Maloney said. "He decided that he didn't want to live out of a suitcase anymore, was sick of living at hotels, and told me he was going to quit hockey - maybe become a firefighter. So what we do procedurally is we suspended him and unless he has a change of heart very, very quickly, we'll go through the procedure of terminating his contract."
Brule signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Coyotes in November. He was in training camp on a professional tryout and once he was cut, he accepted a professional tryout with the Portland Pirates.
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Exclusive to Carbon News.
Fossil-fuel investment risk not on our radar, says Treasury
23 Mar 15 - Fossil-fuel investment exposure might be worrying the Bank of England, but it has failed to cause any ripples at New Zealands Treasury.
Memo Jo: Foresters need a bit more than praise
23 Mar 15 - Forest owners want the Government to put its money where its mouth is on sustainable forestry and are gathering the numbers to back their case.
NZ slow to commit to Paris emissions deadline
23 Mar 15 - New Zealand will not get its post-2020 emissions reduction target into the United Nations by the end of the month.
Nine billion reasons to get rid of our forest pests
23 Mar 15 - The economic benefits of wiping out possums, rats, mice and mustelids in New Zealand would outweigh the costs, latest research shows.
On yer bike, says pedal-power Mike
23 Mar 15 - Former Greenpeace activist Michael Tritt has found a new way, for him, to save the world business.
Forest planting heads for even more pitiful levels
16 Mar 15 - Forest planting levels could be even lower than last years pitiful level, says leading forestry company PF Olsen.
Foresters draw up wishlist for ETS review
16 Mar 15 - The Emissions Trading Scheme review is likely to be pushed into next year, forest owners say.
Chemical fertilisers poison our water, says study
16 Mar 15 - Waterways including human drinking supplies are being poisoned by excessive use of chemical fertilisers, new research shows.
Finland declares itself a bio-economy superpower
16 Mar 15 - Finland has launched a research centre for the refining of biomass into biochemicals as part of the countrys drive to double its bio-economy.
Better water quality in the spotlight
16 Mar 15 - The economics of environmentalism will be under the spotlight in Tauranga next week.
Carbon measure puts us among worst in the world
9 Mar 15 - New Zealands carbon intensity is going through the roof, despite Government claims to the contrary.
Beehive breaking our climate change pledge
9 Mar 15 - Latest figures show that New Zealand is not planting enough trees to meet its climate change pledges, and a carbon forestry expert says that the Government is to blame.
Our market badly needs liquidity, says pioneer carbon trader
2 Mar 15 - Pioneer carbon trader Nigel Brunel is calling for liquidity in the New Zealand market.
Govt vows to ask public about emissions target
2 Mar 15 - The Government will consult the public over New Zealands post-2020 emissions reduction target.
ETS nothing but 'words, fishhooks and traps,' says Palmer
23 Feb 15 - New Zealands Emissions Trading Scheme legislation is so full of words, fishhooks and traps that giving sound legal advice on it to businesses is almost impossible, says one of our leading legal...
Help our green businesses, pleads academic
23 Feb 15 - New Zealand businesses want the Government to step up to protect the countrys 100% Pure brand.
Politicians sign cross-party climate change pact
16 Feb 15 - British politicians have signed a ground-breaking agreement on climate change.
Energy-efficiency rules fail US academic's test
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New brainstorming centre will tackle the 'weird stuff'
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Law firm awards student environment prize
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Emirates keen to support green ideas
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Star Trek Online Discussion Thread (now free to play!)
View Single Post
November 30 2011, 07:31 PM
Location: Rhode Island, USA
Re: Star Trek Online Discussion Thread (now free to play!)
Timelord_Victorious wrote:
Just a quick warning, we have a ready made delta fly schematic in our fleet bank. anyone who has not yet crafted the flyer should contact me or
, because there won't definitely not be enough time anymore to do the 10 day daily to get the schematic on your own before they take the option to craft it out of the game entirely.
I'd hate to see the schematic go to waste.
there is one more Delta Flyer that needs to see the light of day.
Dibs? I can be on early this evening, if someone's around to get that for my alt. Think i've still got an outstanding IOU from the Fleet bank anyway
Would also like to have an Aegis set in the bank, should be able to provide all the needed parts if someone's around to craft it up for me...
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Dota 2's Frostivus is cancelled! The Greeviling begins...
If you were playing Dota 2 around Halloween, you likely played some of the Diretide event and received a Greevil egg. Until now, those Greevils have simply been couriers to use in-game. Today, however, they become much more important. The new holiday Dota 2 event, the Greeviling, is upon us! It's a cute little distraction, plus the river is now icy! Dota 2 Ice Capades!
The event plays very differently from normal and consists of no creeps or regular neutral camps. Instead, evil Greevils will spawn around the map at the camps, and the first team to destroy 11 of them wins. You can't buy items, but instead are randomly awarded items after either team destroys a Greevil camp. You can also turn into your Greevil, with abilities determined by the various essences used to create it. Mine, for example, has Magic Missle, Rot (ugh), and Poison Nova.
OH! And now you can buy an Announcer Pack featuring the announcer from Bastion. Of course by "can" I mean "should." You can preview it here.
I've played and won about four games so far, and here are some various tips I've learned:
Record breaking competitive Dota 2 match lasts over 3 hours
2:00 PM on 03.22.2015
The Dota 2 Asian Championships now has the second highest prize pool in eSports history
12:15 PM on 02.06.2015
This is it: Watch Dota 2's The International grand finals live
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Saturday Night Live
Nasim Pedrad Nailed An Aziz Ansari Impression In This Deleted SNL Sketch
Watch as former SNL castmember Nasim Pedrad does a spot-on impression of Aziz Ansari!
Watch Drake Get 'Sound Advice' About Dating from 'Saturday Night Live"s Vanessa Bayer
Hold on, we're going to the therapist.
DJs React to 'SNL"s 'Davvincii' Sketch Roasting EDM (And They Love It)
Saturday Night Live lampooned dance music culture over the weekend, and stars of the genre loved it.
Watch Solange & Jay Z Explain Their Elevator Fight on 'Saturday Night Live'
The night also featured Kimye talking about their upcoming Memorial Day wedding and 2 Chainz praising the work of Vanilla Ice-inspired rapper, Blizzard Man.
Ed Sheeran Performs on 'SNL', Taylor Swift Assists Seth Rogen
"Why did you come?" Rogan asked Swift, clearly agitated. "You're getting really upset and whenever a man shows emotion, I appear," Swift replied to laughter.
R.I.P. Jokes About Pharrell's Hat, Wordplay on 'Happy' Thanks to New SNL Promo
They say writing about music is like dancing about architecture, but writing about goofy hats and making a pun on the word "happy" are just about the easiest things you can do.
Pharrell's Big Birthday Weekend!
This weekend, the singer/producer is celebrating his 40th birthday, and is the musical guest on SNL!
Anna Kendrick To Host 'Saturday Night Live'!
'Saturday Night Live' has just announced some big news!
Drake to Host 'SNL' in January
To kick off the first Saturday Night Live episode of the new year, Drake will pull a double shift.
Miley Cyrus Twerks & Announces 'Bangerz' Tour on 'SNL'
Miley Cyrus only hosted Saturday Night Live a few weeks ago, but she made a surprise re-appearance this Saturday (October 26) to make a special announcement.


text: Justin Bieber Kissing Ex-Girlfriends (Pictures) by jbz 28/11/2009 | 11:42 1,241 Posted in News Pictures of Justin Bieber kissing his ex-girlfriends. PIC #1 & #2 – Justin kissing CAITLIN (christian beadles' older sister) and (christian beadles was justin bieber's bestfriend). PIC #3, we're not sure. If you know, feel free to leave comment and let us know So cute! What do you think beliebers! Tags:christian beadles, french kissing, girlfriend, girlfriends, girls, kiss, kissing girlfriend, lips kissing, makeout, making out, random girls, romantic Related Bieber News Justin Bieber Kissing Ashley Moore at Basketball Game. Is she his new girlfriend? [PICS] Justin Bieber Enjoys Miami Hotel Poolside Surrounded by Bikini-Clad Girls Justin Bieber & Hailey Baldwin Are 'Definitely Dating' – Paparazzi Says +VIDEO New Couple Alert: Justin Bieber & Hailey Baldwin Canoodling during Studio Visit! [PICS] Comments Newer Comments » Emily 30/11/2009 | 6:24 The first and second picture is the same girl and her name is Emily. heather 2/06/2010 | 6:35 the second picture is caitlin beadles rapunzel 29/09/2011 | 6:51 yeah we know that mithma 17/04/2011 | 9:55 love u rapunzel 29/09/2011 | 6:52 love u 2 Allie 23/04/2011 | 7:27 dEAR JUSTIN YOU ARE SO HOT AND A REALLY GOOD SINGER i LOVE YOUR SONG CALLED ( ONLY GIRL)I ALSO SAW YOUR MOVIE IT WAS SO AWESOME i LOVE YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYOU SO MUCH iAM YOUR NUMBER #1 FAN lOVE aLLIE Leah 3/11/2011 | 4:10 Hi Justin you are so hott! I really want to meet you, You were born on March 1st 1994 at 12:56 on a Tuesday, Your full name is Justin Drew Bieber!! I have a whole wall of you, a Justin Bieber bed cover, your autobiography, and in 3d, all your cd's, a blackberry battery back and case, I just want to say I love you so much and I really want to go out with you. Please reply!! Im your number #1 fan in the whole world!!! Leah, 12 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx LOVEYOU LOVEYOU LOVEYOU LOVEYOU LOVEYOU LOVEYOU LOVEYOU rapunzel 29/09/2011 | 6:54 oh, really?! didnt know that karan khana 20/12/2011 | 2:53 i love you kya aap meri girlfriend banoge baby bieber 24/12/2011 | 10:31 no need speak hindi here karan bhai ! ;p Mercy 26/07/2013 | 1:13 Justin haz to stick to a girl of his dream which is me i'm ten timez prettier than those cheap rats. I >3 you!!! nikki babe 25/05/2014 | 4:19 i dont like jb. and mercy dont call people brats and what not ok some people are broken earted becuase of sruff like that especialy when they were taken away from there mother when they were 6 months old and can still hear there mother screaming and are still living in the same orphanage when they are 11 about to turn 12 i am that way katrina 1/12/2009 | 11:40 hay how are you?i am your biggest fan!i cryed when you broke your foot i felt like breaking my foot.get well!love you!hugs and kisses!! mckayla 7/12/2009 | 3:35 omg your like so amazing i love your voice kasidi 9/12/2009 | 8:11 omg!!!! i love u oh i wish i was that girl lol lovens!!! rapunzel 25/10/2011 | 11:35 u will be one day ,kasidi. but ,right now u can't think about it. concetrate on ur studies then u will get the boy of ur dreams Tasha Brown 18/08/2013 | 12:25 Haha.u lyke justine? Tasha Brown 18/08/2013 | 12:32 Justine i LOVE U COZ u r ma biggest fan.pliz find me at tasha brown on facebook.pliiz tessa 21/12/2009 | 8:39 yo really this girl has no purpose bein wit you u belong wit me BABY. U SO CUTE! eyda nd alma 21/12/2009 | 5:00 F***** UGLY A** b**** GIRLS!!!!!!! B**** THERE FULL OF SHIT WE LUV U JUSTIN BIEBER!!!!!!!!!!!!!! F****** UGLY A** GIRLS HOW CAN U SHOW THIS 2 THE PUBLIC OUT OF THE NO WHERE EWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW EWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW EWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW saydee 24/04/2011 | 8:40 ehhh what the hell Tilly 17/05/2011 | 11:30 i'm wit u girl justin biebers not worth obsessing over no boys are. all the photos are of caitlin beadle. rapunzel 29/09/2011 | 6:58 r u joking me?! u r saying this like 1000 times !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! r u out of ur head or u r born without a brain????????????????? miller 3/12/2012 | 7:40 hey isabella your wishes would never come true and biebier isen't that great eyda nd alma 21/12/2009 | 5:00 F***** UGLY A** b**** GIRLS!!!!!!! B**** THERE FULL OF SHIT WE LUV U JUSTIN BIEBER!!!!!!!!!!!!!! F****** UGLY A** GIRLS HOW CAN U SHOW THIS 2 THE PUBLIC OUT OF THE NO WHERE EWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW EWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW EWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW EWWWWWWWWWWWWW EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW eyda nd alma 21/12/2009 | 5:01 F***** UGLY A** b**** GIRLS!!!!!!! B**** THERE FULL OF SHIT WE LUV U JUSTIN BIEBER!!!!!!!!!!!!!! F****** UGLY A** GIRLS HOW CAN U SHOW THIS 2 THE PUBLIC OUT OF THE NO WHERE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW eyda nd alma 21/12/2009 | 5:01 F***** UGLY A** b**** GIRLS!!!!!!! B**** THERE FULL OF SHIT WE LUV U JUSTIN BIEBER!!!!!!!!!!!!!! F****** UGLY A** GIRLS HOW CAN U SHOW THIS 2 THE PUBLIC OUT OF THE NO WHERE EEEEWWWWWWWWW Rachx3 22/12/2009 | 8:16 i kinda agree wiff eyda nd alme F*** THAT LIL B**** I LIOVE YOU JUSTIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!! rapunzel 29/09/2011 | 7:00 oh,now only u know ticklemeelmo 23/12/2009 | 8:01 justin bieber you are hot but that girl isnt love you bieber jane 23/12/2009 | 2:22 hey kinda jelous but who cares well ya i am really jelous rapunzel 2/11/2011 | 9:17 no need to be jealous jd 23/12/2009 | 2:25 I am very jelous I wish I was one of them hey justin you have great eyes. You know I really dont listen to your music alot but whenever I get a chance I listen to then oooo u have great eyes rapunzel 29/09/2011 | 7:02 u will get it one day ……………. if can…………… brittany 23/12/2009 | 7:14 your girl friend is f*** ugly>>>> Miriam 5/02/2011 | 4:50 You got it girl is is a bitch and justin likes there what the hek! Bubbz 23/12/2009 | 8:52 I love you Justin but if she really makes you happy then im happy for you rapunzel 29/09/2011 | 7:05 ohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh…………………….how sweet of uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu stephanie 25/12/2009 | 11:13 i thought we were goin 2 fall in luv but i see u already got plenty of girls already got bitches drewlin over u you really missed out on a lot justin so if you change your mind orwant to be friends hit me up on facebook luv ya steph. stephanie 25/12/2009 | 11:24 im sorry 4 putin u on the spot like that your just so hot hey u know what u b happy with ure g im fine with it i wish you all the best yo girl stephanie p.s hit me up on facebook luv yah rileyy 26/12/2009 | 12:04 thats not justin Justins HOTTER!! rapunzel 25/10/2011 | 11:38 oh riley , justin is just the same . no difference Marissa Curry 26/12/2009 | 1:44 Guy give him a break Yeah he maybe Famous But hes still a person, Just like you and me so theres no point in obessing over him.. I may sound like i dont like him but I do But i am not going to Be all OMG Over it Hes a PERSON!!! WERE ONLY HUMAN!! rapunzel 25/10/2011 | 11:40 that is correct . alejandra 27/12/2009 | 3:03 omg justin!! I hate that ugly gurl!!she doesn't really love u!she just go out with u cauze ur famous and that!!!ps-yur eyes r so pretty l love u luvvs justin bieber 27/12/2009 | 1:36 omg!!!! i wish i wuz kissing justin i wish i was the 1st picture gurlll i am ur #1 fan =`( but i no u hear that alot Gillian Heatley 27/12/2009 | 4:46 isss he a ridde r watt them girls r soooooooooo luckey i wish i lived in america nxt store d him instead hv d live in shite hole londonderry well it not that bad but look at the boyz they hv compered d what i hv f*** s*** so not fair Sarah Bush 27/12/2009 | 10:10 hi justin this is sarah and i live in athens alabama it must me tough having all those girls falling all over you if i was you i would be really mad and you now i even dream of you and if we were going out i would treat you like jut another person sweet kind and loving and i would treat you so good i really hope that i keep dreaming about you and for all the firls out there that are bragging about him he is still a person and he has feelings and if yall are going to try to make him brake up with his girlfriend then you should be ashmed of you selfs and justin the firl that you are going out with is really lucky to have a guy like you and if she makes you happy then i am happy hope you have a good christmas love sarah bush p.s. please hook up with me at gmail and we could become friends bye JUSTINS GIRL:-) 28/12/2009 | 1:53 that girls name is not emily its brooke (me)i think i would know i was the 1 kissing him it was AMAZING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! his lips r so soft i think i could melt in his arms every time i c/kiss him so stop lying and face the fact thats its me not u……….and btw i dont like the fact that u put stuff like this all over the internet and say stuff like that if ur gonna say anything make sure its rite so GET THE FACTS RITE!!!!!! Tilly 17/05/2011 | 11:37 yuck yuck yuck i bet he doesnt even know you grace babes xxx 28/12/2009 | 9:35 she is ugly i dont like justin but she is ugly ♥HoLLy♥♫ 28/12/2009 | 1:06 JUSTIN!!! WHY?? THOSE GIRLS R ALL UGLY U COULD DO SOOOO MUCH BETTER!!! anyways, i ♥ ur song 'love me'!! its soo amazing and i DO ♥ u soooooooo much 4evah and always!! rapunzel 2/11/2011 | 9:21 OMG!!!!!!!!!!! i don't know what r u saying. brogaann 28/12/2009 | 4:03 the second is caitlin too ashley 28/12/2009 | 4:39 this aint even justin u can tell….look at the eyes….duhhh…and i luv u justin mii number is 6934576 Samantha Rae Erdmann 28/12/2009 | 7:48 im a "new" fan of yours.the first time i heard one time i fell in love with it, the second time i heard it i fell in love with its artist. A few days later i was online and i wanted to hear that song but i had no idea who sang it,but sure enough the second i put in one time your face came up and i almost died. you are gorgous. eyeluvyew! (i dont like the pics of u kissin them other girls) Come to duluth minnesota sometime. mary 28/12/2009 | 10:13 wow bieber even though im youger then u by 2 years i still love u but that girl wats her face looks like she could be ur mother and i really luv u so far i went to all ur concerts all over the place and they were awsome and when u performed on much in dec that should have been me not her i deseve it more i send the whole facebook and msn ur thing like concerts and tickets and info and updates plz pick me for ur next one i luv u with all my passion i have ur pics all over my room right now im filling up the last space and my room is huge that's how much i luv u and u used to skate with my best friend nathen taylor do u remember him cause u should and his brother mathew taylor im a huge fan so pick me plzzzzzz…………luv u lots and can't wait till u come back to toronto love biggest and truest fan, mary Newer Comments »