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StartUpHire is the place to find Intern - Software (California) jobs. Review the list of Intern - Software (California) career opportunities to the left. These Intern - Software (California) jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
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Care2.com is recruiting a paid editorial intern to work with Care2's Healthy Living and Causes channels. The ideal candidate is a strong writer who understands current online content trends and is passionate about holistic health, animal welfare, progressive causes and2/2/2015 Redwood City, CA Save This Job
Tracking Code 2336 Job Description JOB OBJECTIVE: The Manufacturing Engineer Intern will work with R&D, Project Management, QA/RA and Manufacturing to improve the design of our instruments for manufacturability and serviceability, own the design transfer process, and improve the1/7/2015 Madison, WI Save This Job
Tracking Code 2331 Job Description Promega Biosciences is seeking highly energetic and creative candidates for a Communications Internship for our Corporate Responsibility program. This position will design and execute a Global Corporate Responsibility intranet site that utilizes1/7/2015 San Luis Obispo, Ca Save This Job


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Classes started this week for the second cohort of the UMD-Smith Leadership Academy. However, some thought last Friday's orientation was an exciting kickoff and served as the unofficial launch of the program.
Sep 27, 2013
Sep 26, 2013
World Class Faculty & Research
COLLEGE PARK, Md. - Professor of Finance Russ Wermers has been appointed as Director of the Center for Financial Policy (CFP) at the University of Maryland's Robert H. Smith School of Business.
Sep 26, 2013
All-star program and keynotes announced for the 4th Annual Workshop on Health IT & Economics (WHITE 2013). Register at http://ter.ps/white2013 by October 15th for a discounted rate.
Sep 26, 2013
Sep 25, 2013
Experiential / Reality-based Learning
International Smith Experience Opportunity: Sri Lanka 2014
BUSI758-O: Building Capacity in Sri Lanka
The University of Maryland Robert H. Smith School of Business Center for International Business Education and Research (CIBER), in collaboration with the International Executive Service Corps (IESC)'s USAID funded

subset: commoncrawl


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1br Fiori on Vitruvian Park® Apartment Community Model: One Bedroom A1B Ph. 877-702-9092 in Dallas, Texas For Sale
Date/Time:06 Dec, 02:03 a.m. EST
Type: Roommates, For Sale - Private.
Rent: $xxxx - $xxxx
Bed: 1
Bath: 1
Size: 775 Square Feet
Model: One Bedroom A1B
Finished in stainless steel, granite, travertine, and hardwood, apartment homes at Fiori on Vitruvian Park® offer spacious layouts and include California Closets and keyless entry locks. Select homes feature frameless showers, free-standing tubs, and surround sound.
More Information and Check Availability
Community Information:
The BRAND NEW Fiori on Vitruvian Park® features one bedroom, two bedroom, and three bedroom apartments for rent in Addison, Texas that will go fast! Surrounded by acres of creek-adjacent park and steps from the boutique shops, bistro dining, and nightlife of downtown Addison, Fiori on Vitruvian Park is a short commute to downtown Dallas and DFW. From the artwork of Dale Chihuly to the finest amenities, such as penthouse lounge, climate-controlled, resident wine storage, and waterfall courtyard with fire pit, Fiori is the pinnacle of art and high living in Dallas. Fiori apartment homes are finished in granite, stainless steel, and hardwood, and feature design elements such as frameless showers, included surround sound, free-standing tubs, and California Closets.
Community Amenities:
Business Center
Concierge Services
Fitness Center
Theater Room
Accept Credit Cards
Covered Parking
Free Weights
Limited Access
Guest Rooms
Group Exercise
On-Site Maintenance
On-Site Management
On-Site Storage
Package Receiving
Sun Deck
Private Dining Room
Electronic Rent Payment
Coffee Bar
Bike Racks
Wine Lockers
Fitness Trail
Gaming Center
Internet Cafe
Wireless Internet
Public Grills
Phone: 877-702-xxxx
Monday: 9:00 AM - 6:00 PM
Tuesday: 9:00 AM - 6:00 PM
Wednesday: 9:00 AM - 6:00 PM
Thursday: 9:00 AM - 6:00 PM
Friday: 9:00 AM - 6:00 PM
Saturday: 10:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Sunday: 1:00 PM - 5:00 PM
Roommates in Texas for sale
View similar ads: Roommates, Roommates in Texas for sale
Great Location- All bills included, (Electric approximately paid up to $100)-Overlooking the pool. Property Features...
Time: 02:38 a.m. EST
Date: 30 Nov
Dave & Laura, I, 46 Texas, USA $630 USD per month 1 bedroom apartment $630 / 1br - 762ft² - Waterfront Sublet...
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Beautiful 2 bed / 1 bath apartment leasing for $850.00 per month. This little gem has all tile flooring, central air...
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Kaitlyn, F, 21 Lubbock, TX, USA $659 USD per month Has a private room I live at UClub Overton Park on 2210 Glenna...
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Pimpaz, M, 24 Lubbock, TX, USA $835 USD per month Has a private room 1 bedroom 1 bathroom. Spacious living room has...
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Ariel, F, 23 Lubbock, TX, USA $599 USD per month Has a private room The Village at Overton Park Sublease: January...
Time: 09:05 p.m. EST
Date: 29 Nov


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Ark-La-Tex News - Page 16
Duck Commander Hosts Free Football Clinic for Kids in Shreveport
The Duck Commander Independence Bowl will host a free youth football clinic Saturday, June 14, from 8 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. at Independence Stadium in Shreveport.
Shreveport's Great Raft Brewing Owners Kick-Start Local Brewing Scene
"We were high school sweethearts who both love beer." That's how Shreveport natives Lindsay and Andrew Nations, founders of Great Raft Brewing, described how they came to find themselves the owners of the city's first brewery since the era of Prohibition.
Louisiana Man Claims Zodiac Killer Is His Father [VIDEO]
A Louisiana businessman claims he is the biological son of the infamous Zodiac Killer. In a book released earlier this week, Gary Stewart, who runs a cleaning company in Baton Rouge, explains that he discovered the identity of the elusive serial killer after a decade-long search to find his father, which led him to a man named Earl Van Best Jr. – the man Stewart claims is the killer.
SWEPCO Reporting Power Outages Across Northwest Louisiana and East Texas
And the Most Desirable College in Louisana Is…
Texas Police Shoot and Kill 93-Year-Old Woman [VIDEO]
David Vitter: Harry Reid 'Stubbornly' Holding Up Keystone XL Pipeline Vote
Should Louisiana Legalize Beer Sales in Movie Theaters? [Poll]
You may soon be able to enjoy a brew when you go to the movies in Louisiana. State Sen. J.P. Morrell (D-New Orleans) has introduced legislation to allow the sale of beer in Louisiana movie theaters.


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Launcher Update
Get the Desktop App for Battle.net Now
- All your games in 1 place
- Log in once
- Automatic game updates
<Absolute> is recruiting for 25-man Cataclysm and beyond. We are a guild focused on progression and pushing down Heroic content as quickly as possible.
We originally made our debut on the Aegwynn server over 5 years ago. On Aegwynn, we were the top Alliance guild throughout all of The Burning Crusade and most of WOTLK until ICC. We were the second guild to get attuned for TK/SSC and Hand of Adal for Hyjal and BT. We got all of the Alliance server firsts in BT and Hyjal, and cleared the first 3 bosses of Sunwell Pre-Nerf. In WOTLK we remained the top guild clearing Naxx, Ulduar, and TOC. Aegwynn did not have the type of players we were looking to recruit at the
time, so we moved to Ysera where we recruited more core raiders and continued to clear ICC and it's hardmodes. With the loss of multiple core raiders at the beginning of Dragon Soul and a hard time dealing with progression, we have returned our former Guild Master to his position and are currently recruiting in hopes of restoring our guild to it's proper place at the top of progression.
<Absolute>'s current 25-man raid times are as follows:
Tuesday 8pm-11pm EST
Wednesday 8pm-11pm EST
Thursday 8pm-11pm EST
If things outside of the 25-man scene interest you, we have many additional things to offer, including:
Two Alt 10-man Groups Each Week
Guild Achievement Runs
Weekly Heroic Firelands Runs for Legendaries
Guild PvP
In short, we are a very social guild.
Our loot system, applications, and any further info needed can all be found on our website at: http://absolute-ysera.com/
The following players can be contacted with questions:
Edited by Shaann on 4/16/2012 3:16 PM PDT
Just Terrible. Absolutely Terrible!!!
Bump, Still in search of some DPS :)
Threats of violence. We take these seriously and will alert the proper authorities.
Posts containing personal information about other players. This includes physical addresses, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, and inappropriate photos and/or videos.
Harassing or discriminatory language. This will not be tolerated.


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overseed or start over??
Problem: Rear yard (aprox 5000xq.ft) Full sun. I have found grass seed in my area that works well, so that isn't a problem. I am approximating that about 40% of my lawn is weeds/crab grass not actual grass.
I have applied weed & feed already this year. It seems to have helped some but there are still the root systems of the weeds and there are definitely WAY too many to hand dig up! Here is my question:
should I overseed (using a power overseeder) water, fertilize, etc. this year and see what happens
Is the weed problem likely to continue and new grass will not overpower the weeds (i know this may not happen this summer) and I should just plow it all up, and completely start from bare dirt with new seed.
If you do any new seeding now, you will have 100% crabgrass in just a few short weeks. So don't do it now!!
The time to reseed cool season turf is in the fall. That might be late August to early Sept for you. Until then I suggest you practice the best lawn care you can. Even weeds look better than nothing when they are well watered, mowed, and fertilized.
Get into the habit of watering deeply and infrequently. Deeply means 1 inch of water all at one time. Infrequently means once per week when temps are in the 90s and once every other week in the 80s. Measure 1 inch by setting out empty cat food or tuna cans. Time how long it takes your sprinkler to fill the cans. That is the time you will use from now on every time you water. If your soil will not accept all that water at one time without runoff, either change to an oscillator type sprinkler or do something to soften your soil. Shampoo is what I used. I'll tell you more if you want more on that. By watering like this you will seriously affect the ability of new weed seeds to germinate. They need frequent/daily water.
Mulch mow your grass at the highest or next to highest setting on the mower. Tall grass helps to prevent weeds and also grows deep, drought resistant, roots.
Fertilize with chemicals about now for the first time this year. If you use organics, then you could have fertilized earlier.
Don't think in terms of plowing. Think in terms of scraping. If you have the resources to do a full renovation, then hire a landscaper with a tractor and box blade to resurface your lot. It should take about an hour. If he has the wrong equipment it might take a week. You're paying by the hour so make sure it is a box blade on the back of a real tractor and not a Bobcat or Skid Steer.
Most people who write in here about weed n feed are unhappy with it. A better alternative is to apply fertilizer and then follow up in 2 weeks by spot spraying any remaining weeds. Some weeds will go away simply from being fertilized, some will go away when the grass becomes healthier, and some will go away when the grass is taller and more dense. Just spray the remaining weeds.
In full sun your grass seed mix should contain some Kentucky bluegrass. At least in my opinion. It spreads to fill in thin spots helping to keep weeds out even if they do sprout.


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The Teen Choice Awards took place Sunday night at the Gibson Amphitheater in Universal City, CA and it was a night for fans to honor the biggest names in film, TV and music.
Singer and new judge on "The X Factor" Demi Lovato and Kevin McHale of "Glee" hosted the 14th annual event as "The Hunger Games" and "The Twilight Saga" emerged as the big winners in film.
"Twilight" stars Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson and Taylor Lautner were on deck to pick up this year's batch of boards, as well as the ultimate choice award, the Teen Choice's version of a lifetime achievement award.
"It's amazing you guys are still around and just as strong and just as loyal," Lautner said as the crowd screamed with excitement.
Stewart was honored as the choice romance movie actress and as choice female summer movie star for "Snow White & the Huntsman."
"Pretty Little Liars" and "The Vampire Diaries" scored big in the television category while Taylor Swift and Justin Bieber took home their fair share of surfboard trophies in the music category.
"I just feel so honored that I get to have you guys in my life," Swift said as she accepted her award.
Bieber won his 12th trophy and performed his hit single "Boyfriend," while his girlfriend and birthday girl Selena Gomez was presented with a cake and the crowd sang "Happy Birthday" inside the theater.
The birthday girl didn't go home empty handed. The now 20-year-old Selena and the Scene won the choice music group award.
Of course, there were other stars on hand to accept their surfboards. Ellen DeGeneres accepted her award for choice comedian, Zac Efron for choice drama actor and drama movie for "The Lucky One" and Jonah Hill for choice comedy movie for "21 Jump Street."
The Teen Choice Awards aired following a fog machine malfunction that forced an evacuation Saturday night at Avalon, a Hollywood nightclub, that hosted a Teen Choice Awards pre-party featuring the boy band Midnight Red.
A total of 22 people between the ages of 8 and 20 were assessed at the scene with various complaints, six of those required further treatment and L.A. County fire officials canceled the party.
Full List of Teen Choice Award Winners:
Choice TV actress (sci-fi/fantasy): Nina Dobrev
Choice comedian: Ellen DeGeneres
Choice Web stars: Sophie Grace and Rosie
Choice TV show (sci-fi/fantasy): "The Vampire Diaries"
Choice TV actor (sci-fi/fantasy): Ian Somerhalder
Choice movie actor (drama): Zac Efron, "The Lucky One"
Choice movie drama: "The Lucky One"
Choice male hottie: Ian Somerhalder
Choice female hottie: Miley Cyrus
Choice music group: Selena Gomez & the Scene
Choice male TV scene stealer: Michael Trevino
Choice movie comedy: "21 Jump Street"
Choice TV Actor (action): Adam Rodriguez, "CSI: Miami"
Choice actress (sci-fi fantasy): Jennifer Lawrence, "The Hunger Games"
Choice liplock: Josh Hutcherson and Jennifer Lawrence
Choice movie (sci-fi/fantasy): "The Hunger Games"
Choice book: "The Hunger Games"
Choice male scene stealer: Liam Hemsworth
Choice villain: Alexander Ludwig, "The Hunger Games"
Choice Comedy Actress - Emma Stone, "Crazy Stupid Love"
Choice drama actress - Emma Stone, "The Help"
Choice breakout in a film: Rihanna, "Battleship"
Choice hissy fit: Charlize Theron, "Snow White and the Huntsman"
Choice movie of the summer: "Katy Perry: Part of Me"
Choice breakup song: Maroon 5's "Payphone," featuring Wiz Khalifa
Choice female movie star of the summer: Kristen Stewart, "Snow White and the Huntsman"
Ultimate choice award: Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson and Taylor Lautner
Choice movie (romance): "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1"
Choice movie actress (romance): "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1"
Inspire award: Miranda Cosgrove
Choice TV drama: "Pretty Little Liars"
Choice summer female TV star: Troian Bellisario, "Pretty Little Liars"
Choice TV actress (drama): Lucy Hale, "Pretty Little Liars"
Choice TV actor (drama): Ian Harding, "Pretty Little Liars"
Choice female artist: Taylor Swift
Choice single by a female artist: "Eyes Open," Taylor Swift
Choice country song: "Sparks Fly," Taylor Swift
Choice movie voice: Taylor Swift as Audrey, "Dr. Seuss' The Lorax"
Choice TV Female Scene Stealer: Candice Accola, "The Vampire Diaries"
Choice female TV breakout star: Hannah Simone, "New Girl"
Choice male artist: Justin Bieber
Choice male music star of the summer: Justin Bieber
Choice male fashion icon: Justin Bieber
Choice single by a male artist: "Boyfriend," Justin Bieber
Choice movie actor (sci-fi/fantasy): Josh Hutcherson, "The Hunger Games"
Choice summer music star group: One Direction
Choice music breakout group: One Direction
Choice love song: "What Makes You Beautiful," One Direction
Choice summer male movie star: Chris Hemsworth, "Snow White and the Huntsman"
Choice TV comedy: "Glee"
Choice TV reality star: Pauly D
Choice Twit: Demi Lovato
Choice summer female music star: Demi Lovato
Choice breakout artist: Carly Rae Jepsen
Choice song of the summer: "Call Me Maybe," Carly Rae Jepsen


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Andrew Bogut C GS 1 week ago
Bogut scored 10 points and grabbed 16 rebounds in Tuesday night's win over the Trail Blazers. He added six assists and a steal in 24 minutes.
Bogut doesn't need much playing time to be an effective fantasy contributor, particularly in the rebounding and blocks categories. In the last five games, he's averaged 11 rebounds and two blocks in 23 minutes per game. You can expect a similar pattern of playing time going forward -- probably some rest days as well -- now that Golden State has clinched the Pacific Division title.
Andrew Bogut C GS 2 weeks ago
Bogut scored four points (2-5 FG) with five rebounds and three assists in the return from his one-game absence due to rest Saturday in the demolition of the Knicks.
Bogut has been managed all season by Steve Kerr, and as a result will never see big minutes, putting a cap on his fantasy value. That said, his 7.4 rebounds and 1.5 blocks on 60 percent shooting over the last eight games can help some owners, despite playing just 23 minutes.
Andrew Bogut C GS 3 weeks ago
Bogut will be given the night off to rest Friday, the San Francisco Chronicle's Rusty Simmons reports.
The Warriors are also resting Stephen Curry, Klay Thompson and Andre Iguodala, so the replacements should all see big minutes. Bogut's replacement is David Lee, and Festus Ezeli should also see an increased role, although Lee is the one to target in daily leagues. Look for Bogut to return to action Saturday in the second game of this back-to-back set, but it would not be surprising to see the Warriors to continue to give Bogut strategic days off down the stretch.
Andrew Bogut C GS 3 weeks ago
Bogut scored 12 points (6-of-8 FG) with six rebounds, three assists and two blocked shots in Wednesday night's win over the Pistons.
The double-digit scoring effort was just the third time in the last 21 games Bogut's achieved such feat. Some nights, the ball finds its way to Bogut in a good scoring area where he can take advantage.
Andrew Bogut C GS 1 month ago
Bogut scored 16 points (8-of-10 FG) with eight rebounds and three blocked shots in 25 minutes in Monday night's loss to Brooklyn. It was his most playing time in the last five games.
Head coach Steve Kerr had been trying to get Bogut some time off during a four-game-in-five-night stretch on the road, but it never happened. Instead, the coach had to monitor the center's minutes through that stretch, something that allowed Bogut to give a bit extra Monday.
Andrew Bogut C GS 1 month ago
Bogut will play in Sunday's game against the Celtics, The San Francisco Chronicle reports.
Coach Steve Kerr was hoping to allow Bogut to rest Sunday but the suspension of Festus Ezeli means that the Warriors need Bogut available. However, it's entirely possible for Bogut sit out Monday's game against the Nets to rest.
Andrew Bogut C GS 1 month ago
Bogut may get a night off when the Warriors play in Boston on Sunday, the San Francisco Chronicle reports.
Bogut played just 19 minutes in the Warriors' cake-walk victory over the Raptors on Friday, but head coach Steve Kerr is looking to get his older veterans some time off during a grueling road stretch. Andre Iguodala was rested Friday night and now it's apparently Bogut's turn.
Andrew Bogut C GS 1 month ago
Bogut scored two points with two rebounds and one assist in 20 minutes in Tuesday night's win over the Wizards. Since the All-Star break, Bogut has 10 points and 17 rebounds in three games.
We normally expect more than three points and six rebounds per game from Bogut. There's been no word of an injury, but the two-rebound performance is a season-low in a non-injury game.
Andrew Bogut C GS 2 months ago
Bogut had 10 points (5-10 FG) with 10 rebounds and three assists in 32 minutes during Wednesday's victory over the Timberwolves.This was just Bogut's sixth double-double of the season. He is always an injury risk, but when healthy is a solid back-up fantasy big man who can help you in rebounds and blocks.
Andrew Bogut C GS 2 months ago
Bogut played just 18 minutes Saturday, scoring seven points (3-4 FG, 1-2 FT) with seven rebounds, three assists, and two blocks, accumulating four fouls in that time.
Whenever the Warriors have a chance to rest Bogut in games, they likely will and against the hapless Knicks, with fur fouls under his belt, this was an opportune time. Bogut, however, was still able to post decent numbers, and aside from his lackluster scoring, his rebounds, blocks and assists from a center make him an intriguing prospect in 12 team leagues.


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La Lohan may be beleaguered, but the fashion doesn't stop for the frequent rehabber!
She appeared on the David Letterman show to discuss her troubles in a $695 Floral Print Stretch Silk Dress by Suno:
The soft and lightweight stretch-silk number has a cutout front that reveals just the right amount of skin.
Check out the look on the runway:
Cute, no?
If you're into it, purchase yours at Net-a-Porter.
This looks screams summer picnic to me. Just might have to indulge…
See Letterman grill Lohan here:
Wonder what her shoes looked like they would make or break this look….Like the scroll on home page the site though.. Claire you did that
Love this outfit…I normally don't love anything Lindsay has on.
Cute look. I wish she had more support in the boobage area though.


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An image display cell having a transparent wall portion, electrodes and an oxidizable redox substance and a reducible redox substance in an electrochemically inert liquid in contact with electrodes. The cell includes at least two electrodes which are in contact with a cell liquid in which a colourless viologen salt (formula I) has been dissolved. When a potential difference of at least 0.5 Volt is applied to the electrodes, this salt is reduced to a coloured insoluble compound which adheres to the cathode, so that the latter is coloured, thereby producing an image.
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
on 3 e54 794 Umted States 1 4, 94 Van Dam et al. Dec. 17, 1974 IMAGE DISPLAY CELL 3,652,149 3/1972 Rogers 350/160 R [75] Inventors: Hendrik Tajapko Van Dam;
Johannes Jacobus Ponjee; Cornelis Primary Examiner--Ronald L. Wibert Johannes Schoot, all of Emmasingel, Assistant ExaminerPaul K. Godwin Eindhoven, Netherlands Attorney, Agent, or FirmFrank R. Trifari; Norman [73] Assignee: U.S. Philips Corporation, New Spam York, NY.
[22] Filed: Dec. 11, 1972 [57] ABSTRACT [21] Appl- N05 313,822 An image display cell having a transparent wall portion, electrodes and an oxidizable redox substance and [30] Foreign Application priority Data a reducible redox substance in an electrochemically D 73 197] N m l d 71177 inert liquid in contact with electrodes. The cell ine er an s cludes at least two electrodes which are in contact with a cell liquid in which a colourless viologen salt (formula I) has been dissolved when a potential dif [58] Field 190 311 ference of at least 0.5 Volt is applied to the electrodes, this salt is reduced to a coloured insoluble [56] References Cited compound which adheres to the cathode, so that the latter is coloured, thereby producing an image. UNITED STATES PATENTS 3.451.741 6/1969 Manos 350/160 8 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures gugmggum mu I 954,794
sum 1 n 2 Ian Fig.1
PATENTEU BEE] 7 I974 sum 2 or 2 Fig.5
Fig. 2
IMAGE DISPLAY CELL The invention relates to an image display cell having a transparent wall part and provided with a reducible redox substance and an oxidizable redox substance in an electrochemically inert liquid which is in contact with at least two inert electrodes.
U.S. Pat. Spec. No. 3,451,741 describes such a cell wherein organic redox compounds are used which are converted into coloured oxidation products at the anode. Such an oxidation product colours the anode electrode surface and thus produces an image. Simultaneously an organic or inorganic redox substance is reduced at the cathode. The organic substance may be the same as the oxidation product formed at the anode. In this cell organic liquids are used.
The cell produces an image which may be erased by reversing the polarity of the electrodes, but also by applying no voltage to the electrodes, for the coloured oxidation product disappears by diffusion from the anode electrode, so that the latter becomes colourless. When the oxidizable redox substance and the reducible redox substance do not belong to the same redox pair the colour may also disappear owing to the fact that the oxidized (coloured) substance of one redox pair comes into contact with the reduced substance of the other redox pair by diffusion and is reduced by this substance and thus decoloured.
Hence, in the method of this patent maintaining a produced image requires the presence of a potential difference across the electrodes such that the decrease of the amount of coloured substance at the anode due to diffusion is compensated by newly formed coloured substance. This means that the cell has no memory".
This is a disadvantage if an image is to be maintained for a comparatively long time and in particular when a battery is used as the energy source for operating the cell.
It is an object of the present invention to avoid such a disadvantage.
lmage display cells in which the image is maintained even when no voltage is applied to the electrodes must satisfy a number of requirements.
a. The substance which on reaction at an electrode (the image electrode) is converted from its colourless form into its coloured form must in the colored form be substantially insoluble in the cell liquid, so that the colored form does not disappear from the image electrode by diffusion.
b. However, in its colourless form the substance must be highly soluble in the cell liquid to enable a sufi'icient amount of coloured substance to be formed. This requirement also is of great importance with respect to the speed at which an image is produced, because in the case of poor solubility of the colourless substance the speed at which the substance diffuses to the image electrode determines the response of the cell.
c. Further it is not sufficient for the coloured substance to be insoluble. In general an insoluble substance precipitates and collects on the bottom of the vessel containing it. For an image display cell this would mean that the image electrode is decoloured. Consequently the coloured insoluble substance must adhere to the electrode at which it is formed.
d. The coloured substance shall not be decoloured by reaction with the substance formed at the other elec- 2 trode (the counter electrode). Hence the latter substance either must adhere to the electrodes at which it is formed or it must belong to the same redox pair as the coloured substance.
These requirements are satisfied by the invention of the instant case.
The instant invention relates to an image display cell having a transparent wall portion and provided with a reducible redox substance and an oxidizable redox substance in an electrochemically inert liquid which is in contact with at least two inert electrodes, characterized in that the electrochemically inert liquid is water, the reducible redox substance is a compound of the formula l m-iv \i-mzxhaving a solubility in water in excess of 10 mole/l and the oxidizable redox substance is a compound of the formula having a solubility product in water of less than 5 times 10 (concentrations in mole/l in which formulae the symbols have the following meanings: R and R, are a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl or phenylalkyl group containing up to l0 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with halogen or nitrile, or a morpholinocarbonyl methyl group in which the morpholino group may be substituted with one or two methyl groups, and X is a monovalent anion.
Examples of suitable monovalent anions are C10,, 4, QsT C d.C B
The solubility in water of the compounds of the formula l, hereinafter referred to as viologens, is found to increase as the size of the radicals R R, and X decrease.
The compounds of the formula II, hereinafter referred to as viologen radical salts, are found to have smaller solubility products as the size of the radicals R,, R, and X are increased.
A branched alkyl group R or R, imparts a reduced solubility to the compound of the formula I and a smaller solubility product to a compound of the for mula ll than does a straight-chain alkyl group containing the same number of carbon atoms. XWhen R and R, represent linear alkyl groups the following combinations of R R, and X may, for example, be chosen:
With an anion X, as a rule, an alkenyl group is chosen which contains the same number of carbon atoms as, or one carbon atoms more than, the alkyl group which is combined with this anion.
An alkoxycarbonylalkyl group in general in combination with a given anion X contains one carbon atom less than an alkyl group in Combination with that anion X.
A phenylalkyl group as a rule is chosen to contain two carbon atoms more than does an alkyl group.
If a group R or R carries a nitrile group, the carbon skeleton of R, or R may as a rule contain two carbon atoms less than an unsubstituted group.
If a group R, or R carries a halogen atom, the number of carbon atoms of the group may in general be equal to the number of an unsubstituted group.
In contradistinction to the cell described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Spec. No. 3,45l,74l, in the cell according to the invention the coloured substance is not formed at the anode by oxidation of the leuco dye, but at the cathode by reduction of the uncoloured viologen.
This reaction may be represented as follows:
coloured The reverse reaction takes place at the anode.
It should be noted that in our co-pending Netherlands Pat. application No. 7,009,521 (PHN. 4964) an image display cell is described which uses viologens. However, the said cell is different from the cell according to the present invention in several important respects.
The most important difference is that in the cell described in the said Netherlands Application the image disappears when the voltage is removed from the electrodes or when the voltage difference across the electrode drops below a threshold value.
The cell of said Netherlands patent application contains, in addition to the redox pair viologen/viologen radical, a second redox pair, for example tetrachlorohydroquinone/tetrachloroquinone or ferrous/ferric. Ferric or tetrachloroquinone may come into contact with viologen radical by diffusion. so that the latter is oxidized and loses its colour.
The cell of said Netherlands patent application also usually contains an organic solvent in which the coloured viologen radical is highly soluble. However, even if water is used in the cell; diffusion of the oxidation products formed at the anode gives rise to oxidation and hence decolouration of the viologen radical, while the image disappears when the voltage across the electrodes does not exceed the threshold value.
Thus, none of the embodiments of the cell described in the said Netherlands patent Application satisfies the requirement that the image should be maintained when the voltage across the electrodes drops below the threshold value.
The image display cell according to the present invention has a casing at least one wall or wall portion of which is transparent. It may be made from a synthetic material. glass or the like.
The electrodes may consist of stannic oxide, indium oxide, platinum, palladium, gold and other inert electrode materials. Obviously it is not necessary for all the electrodes to be made of the same material. The electrodes may alternatively consist of carbon. lf the-image is to be visually perceptible, a carbon electrode cannot be used as the image electrode, because the colour is not perceptible againt a black background.
The electrodes may be formed in a variety of shapes. Also, more than one anode and/or cathode may be used.
The image produced may have the same shape as the surface of the image electrode or as the visible part of this surface. When a transparent electrode is used as the image electrode, it may be deposited on the inner surface of the transparent wall of the casing. Part of the electrode may be coated with an electrically nonconducting material, for example, a synthetic material, in which case the image will have the same shape as the uncoated part of the electrode surface. As an alternative the wall of the cell may partly be screened by an external opaque mask, in which case the image produced has the same shape as the visible part of the image electrode.
The image electrode may alternatively be applied to the rear wall of the casing, so that the image is viewed through the transparent wall and the cell liquid. However, it is not necessary for the image electrode to be disposed on a wall of the casing, but it may be disposed at another location where it is surrounded by the cell liquid. ln this case it may be preferable for the rear surface of the electrode to be coated with an electrically non-conducting material.
If the image is to be viewed from two directions, the image electrode may advantageously be located out of contact with a wall, because thus in the case of a flat electrode an image is produced on both surfaces.
Because in the cell according to the invention the coloured substance adheres to the electrode and does not disperse in the cell contents by diffusion, as is the case in the known cell, the colour formed may rapidly be removed by reversing the electrode polarity. This provides the important advantage that the response is not determined by the spacing between the anode and the cathode. Consequently the position of the anode relative to the cathode may be chosen at will. The anode may, for example, be at an angle of to the cathode or be co-planar with it.
The said property also enables the electrodes to be disposed so that the colour which on erasure of the image on the image electrode is formed on the other electrode cannot be observed.
Up to now an image has been referred to which has the same shape as (the visible part of) the image electrode, but obviously the image alternatively be built up from a number of components which are provided by an equal number of image electrodes rendered operative.
If one or each image electrode is disposed in a trans parent wall of the cell, the contrast of the image may be increased by dispersing an insoluble, for example white, substance in the cell liquid. Suitable such substances are titanium oxide and barium sulfate.
These substances may also be used to hide the electrodes other than the image electrodes.
For the same purpose a screen made, for example. of ,a porous or perforated material. may be disposed in the cell.
The cell according to the invention may be used not only for displaying images but also as a voltage indicator. If a voltage higher than the minimum voltage of about 0.5 volts required to cause the cell to respond is, or has been, set up across the electrodes, colour is observed on the image electrode.
A signal may, however, be observed by other than visual means. Since in the formation of colour the surface of the electrode is coated with a viologen radical, the potential of the electrode relative to the cell liquid changes. This change in potential can be observed by means of a reference electrode.
Even if the amount of electrical charge which has passed through the cell is not sufficient to form an amount of dye sufficient to be visually perceptible, the change in potential of the electrode relative to the cell liquid can be observed by means of a reference electrode.
Consequently the cell may be used as a means for recording that a voltage has been set up across the electrode, causing a small amount of charge to pass through the cell, in other words, the cell may be used as a storage element. Obviously in such use ofthe cell the transparent wall portion of the cell need not be optically transparent.
Reference electrodes may be made of the same material as the image electrodes, however, as an alternative electrodes made from glass, calomel and the like may be used.
Reference electrodes may also be used to reduce the time required for the production of the image to a minimum. if a comparatively high potential difference is set up across a cathode and an anode of a cell, the viologen in the vicinity of the cathode will be rapidly reduced. Further increase of the amount of reduced viologen at the cathode will then be determined by the speed at which viologen is transported from the medium to the cathode. However, side reactions may occur, for example formation of hydrogen, which is undesirable.
To prevent this, the potential difference across the electrodes is chosen so that always a sufficient amount of viologen can diffuse to the cathode. The rate at which initially dye is formed on the cathode is lower than in the aforementioned case.
If a reference electrode is disposed near the cathode, the advantage of a rapid reaction due to a large potential difference may be combined with the advantage of the use of a smaller potential difference, namely that side reactions are prevented. The potential difference produced across the cathode and the reference electrode by the application of a potential difference across the cathode and the anode may continuously compared with a potential difference which is lower than, or equal to, the maximum permissible potential difference between the cathode and the reference electrode. If, for example, the measured potential difference is greater, the potential difference across the cathode and the anode may be reduced until the desired potential difference across the cathode and the reference electrode is reached.
If required, an electrolyte may be added to the cell liquid to increase the conductivity. For this purpose preferably an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth salt. a metal salt or a tetraalkylammonium salt is used. Obviously the anion of this salt must not form an insoluble salt with the viologen cation. As a rule, the cell liquid will not contain more than 2 moles of salt per litre.
The cell may be manufactured, for example, by the following method. A casing is provided with the desired number of electrodes and filled with a solution of a viologen salt and, if desired, an electrolyte. Then an auxiliary electrode, for example a calomel electrode, is inserted into the liquid and a voltage is applied across the auxiliary electrode and one or more of the cell electrodes, the auxiliary electrode acting as the anode. Then the auxiliary electrode may be removed and the cell may be sealed.
instead of a calomel electrode another electrode may be used which then is connected to the cell liquid by means of a salt bridge.
Another method consists in which an electrode which has previously been coated with a viologen radical is inserted in the cell. In the operation of the cell this electrode may serve either as an electrode or only as a means of introducing a viologen radical salt into the cell. An electrode coated with a viologen radical salt is obtainable by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a compound of the formula I, in which method the solution may contain, for example, a ferrous salt as the oxidizable substance or if a viologen chloride or bromide is used the halide ion is oxidized or the solution is in contact with the anode space via salt bridge.
As an alternative, a small amount of an aqueous solution ofa soluble viologen radical salt obtained by electrolysis of a viologen solution connected to the anode space by a salt bridge may be added to the cell liquid.
The added viologen radical will either precipitate with anions from the cell liquid, if the substituents R and R exceed those of the viologen in the cell liquid or it will react with the viologen from the cell liquid, after which the viologen radical salt formed precipitates.
lf now a potential difference is applied across the electrodes of the cell, a viologen radical salt will be formed at the cathode, while at the anode chlorine, bromine or oxygen is formed, depending upon whether the cell liquid contains, or does not contain, chloride or bromide ions.
The cell then is agitated to bring the precipitated radical salt into contact, and to cause it to react, with the chorine, bromine or oxygen formed, after which the cell is ready for use.
It should be noted that the added viologen (radical), because it is present in a far smaller amount (for example at a maximum 1 mole percent than the compound of theformula I, does not play any further role in the operation of the cell.
As a further alternative, a small amount of a solution of a violoen radical salt in an organic solvent, for example acetonitrile, may be added to the cell liquid. Thus the reduced form of the compound of the formula I contained in the cell may be added to the cell liquid. However, the substance will immediately precipitate owing to its insolubility in water.
After current has been passed through the cell, the oxidation product formed at the anode is reacted with the precipitate in the manner used in the previously described method.
in general the image display cell is operated with a potential difference of from 0.5 volt to 10 volts across the image electrode and the counter electrode. As a rule a potential difference between 0.5 volt and 4 volts is applied.
A visually perceptible image will as a rule be obtained in about 0.01 second.
The concentration of the viologen in the cell liquid will usually be between 0.01 and 0.2 mole/litre.
Some of the compounds of the formula I are unknown. They are obtainable by coupling bipyridyl with a halide by means of a Menskhutkin reaction. The preparation of a number of compounds has been described, inter alia, by Michaelis in J .Gen. Physiol. No, 16, 859 (I933).
The resulting halides may simply be converted into other salts. For example, the addition of silver sulfate enables a silver halide to be precipitated, a solution of the viologen sulfate being obtained. From this, for example, barium sulfate may be precipitated by the addition of a barium salt, for example barium nitrate, a solution of viologen nitrate being obtained.
The invention will now be described more fully with reference to the following Examples.
FIG. 1 of which shows a metal plate forming part-of the wall of an image display cell and having etched out portions corresponding to a segmented viewing electrode for a numerical readout device, and associated electrodes and counter electrode.
FIGS. 2 and which show a transparent portion of the cell with a recess for filling the cell with the liquid.
FIG. 3 of which shows a transparent wall portion of the cell bearing a metallic portion corresponding to a segmented viewing electrode and the associated reference electrode and the counter electrode.
FIG. 4 of which shows a portion of the metallic pattern of FIG. 3 coated with a transparent insulating lacquer.
A glass cuvette two opposed walls of which were internally coated with a SnO electrode, was washed with nitrogen for 24 hours. The surface area of each electrode was 1.5 cm, the electrode spacing was I cm. The resistance of the SnO, electrodes, which was measured by applying a voltage to two conductive strips provided along two opposed sides of an electrode, was Ohms.
The cell was filled with an aqueous solution of N,N'- diheptyl-4.4-dipyridinium dibromide (0.l mole/litre) which previously had been heated to boiling in a stream of nitrogen. To the cell liquid two drops of a solution of N,N-diethyl-4.4'-dipyridinium bromide (0.001 mmole) were added, which solution was made by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of N,N'-diethyl-4,4'- dipyridinium dibromide with the use of a platinum electrode, the latter solution being connected by a salt bridge with a ferrochloride solution containing a platinum anode. The cell was closed by a glass stopper.
A direct voltage of 2.7 volts was applied to the electrodes for I second. The cathode was coloured violet. Bromine was formed at the anode. The cell was agitated so that the bromine was brought into contact and into reaction with a precipitate of N,N-diheptyl-4,4'- dipyridinium bromide which had been formed by reaction of N,N'-diethyl-4,4'-dipyridinium bromide with N,N'-diheptyl-4,4'-dipyridinium dibromide.
The polarity of the electrodes was then reversed for 1 second, the violet colour disappearing from one electrode and being formed at the other electrode. The cell was stored without the application of a voltage for 14 days. In this period no change in extinction was produced and the cell liquid remained colourless.
Example I was repeated with the difference that a white plate of polytetrafluorethene provided with perforations having a diameter of 0.2 mm (relative spacing 3 mm) was interposed between the two electrodes. Thus the counter electrode was hidden from view.
Example I was repeated with a cell a sidewall and part of the front wall of which were coated with SnO electrodes, the result being the same.
EXAMPLE 4 Example I was repeated with the difference that the cell was filled with an aqueous solution of N,N -diethyl- 4,4-dipyridinium diperchlorate (0.05 mole/litre). 2 drops of a solution of N,N'-dibutyl-4,4'-dipyridinium nitrate (0.001 mmole) were added to the cell liquid, whereupon N,N'-dibutyl-4,4'-dipyridinium perchlorate precipitated. A potential difference of 4 volts was applied across the electrodes for one-half second. The cell was agitated to bring the oxygen formed at the anode into contact with the precipitate. Then the cell was ready for use. A potential difference of 4 volts was applied to the electrode for 0.5 second, whereupon the cathode was coloured violet. After the cell had been stored without the application of a voltage for 14 days, the image was unchanged.
Example 1 was'repeated with the difference that 0.1 ml of a solution of N,N'-diheptyl-4,4-dipyridinium bromide (0.00l mmole) in acetronitrile was added. The substance precipitated. The cell was then put into operation in the same manner as described in Example 1.
After a cell had been filled with an aqueous solution of N,N-diheptyl-4,4'-dipyridinium dibromide a calomel electrode was inserted into the solution. A potential difference of 4,5 volts was applied to the calomel electrode (anode) and one of the cell electrodes (cathode) for 30 seconds. The cathode was coloured violet. The calomel electrode was removed and the cell was sealed with a glass stopper, after which it was ready for use.
Grooves have a depth of 0.5 mm and a width of 0.1 mm were formed according to the pattern shown in FlG. l in a nickel plate 0.5 mm thick. A nickel wire was welded to each resulting segment. The plate was then placed in a mould which was filled with a synthetic resin in an amount such that the grooves were filled with the resin and the attached wires protruded from the resin. After the resin had hardened the assembly was ground until so much nickel and resin had been removed from the plate that the segments were electrically disconnected from one another. The plate was polished and coated with a layer of gold by electrodeposition. A transparent plate of Perspex provided with a recess as shown in H6. 2 was cemented to the first plate. The cell was filled through the recess 12 with the same solutions as described in Example l and the opening 12 was closed with a Perspex stopper and then sealed with a cement. The resulting cell was operated in the manner described in Example l. The segments designated by the numbers 1 to 7 were the image electrodes, electrodes 8 to 10 were the reference electrodes and electrode 11 was the counter electrode. For the operation of the cell a circuit arrangement was used which compared the voltage set up between the display electrodes switched on and one of the reference electrodes with a given signal voltage and which so controls the current flowing through the counter electrode and the image electrodes that the measured voltage becomes equal to the signal voltage. At a signal voltage of 1 volt all the operative image electrodes were coloured a deep purple after 0.0l second, whereupon the voltage was removed from the display electrodes.
A Perspex substrate was coated with a film of gold by deposition from vapour. The pattern of FIG. 3 was etched in the film. Part of the film (the part shaded in H0. 4) was coated with an electrically insulating transparent lacquer. A cell was constructed and operated in the manner described in Example 8.
EXAMPLE 10 A nickel plate was provided with grooves in the manner described in Example 8, with the difference that instead of the figure 8 a hole of 10 by 15 mm was formed. lnto this hole platinum wires were inserted at right angles to the plate surface to serve as image electrodes. The assembly was embedded inresin, ground and polished in the manner described in Example 8. The electrodes 10 and 11 were coated with a film of gold. The cell was then finished and operated in the manner described in Example 8, with the difference that the operative electrodes were switched off after only 100 us. By means ofa high-resistance volt meter (input impedance I M it was possible to detect which electrodes had been turned on and which had not. In the first case a voltage difference of millivolts was measured between the reference electrode 10 and the relevant image electrodes, whereas in the second case no voltage difference could be measured. The information stored in this manner can be erased in less than ,U-S.
What is claimed is:
1. An image display cell comprising a casing having a transparent wall part a reducible redox substance and an oxidizable redox substance in water within said casing and at least two inert electrodes in contact with said water, both the reducible redox substance and the oxidizable redox substance being present in the cell, said reducible redox substance having a solubility in water in excess of 10 mole/liter and being a compound of the formula 1 said oxidizable redox substance having a solubility product in water of less than 5x 10 mole/liter and being a compound of the formula ll R, and R in said formulae are each moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl and phenylalkyl of one to 10 carbon atoms, halogen substitution products thereof, nitrile substitution products thereof and morpholinocarbonylmethyl substituted with up to two methyl groups in the morpholina moiety and X is a monovalent anion.
2. An image display cell as claimed in claim 1 wherein the formulae l and ll X is a moiety selected from the group consisting of C10,", BFf, N0 Cl, Bl' F and CQH5SO3 3. An image display cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein each anode is arranged at an angle to each cathode.
4. An image display cell as claimed in claim 3 wherein each anode is coplanar with each cathode.
5. An image display cell as claimed in claim I wherein a white insoluble substance is dispersed in the cell liquid.
6. An image display cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein a porous screen is interposed in the cell between the anode and each cathode.
7. An image display cell as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cell contains at least one reference electrode positioned relatively close to the cathode.
8. An image display cell as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cell liquid contains a salt which increases its conductivity.
i I II I
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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nCino to offer training course for potential employees
March 4, 2015
(Greater Wilmington Business Journal)
Wilmington-based nCino will offer a certification course in Salesforce, the cloud-based platform on which its Bank Operating System is based, in an effort to draw from local talent as it looks to fill 40 to 75 new jobs in 2015. The software company announced last week it has raised $29 million in financing that will allow it to expand in the U.S. and internationally.
Cumberland officials to discuss alternate route for proposed pipeline
March 4, 2015
(The Fayetteville Observer)
Cumberland County officials will meet next week with representatives from Dominion Resources and Piedmont Natural Gas to discuss altering the route of the proposed Atlantic Coast Pipeline. County staff members are concerned the pipeline will hinder development at the 485-acre Cedar Creek industrial park, which hasn't had a single tenant since it opened 10 years ago.
Belk Endowment gives $9.6M to community college programs
March 4, 2015
(The Charlotte Observer)
The John M. Belk Endowment will give $7.75 million to the Single Stop program, which provides resources for students to complete community college. The endowment also plans to give financial awards to eight other organizations that support community colleges.
Durham's Square 1 Bank to be acquired by PacWest
March 3, 2015
(The News & Observer, Raleigh)
Square 1 Bank will be acquired by Los Angeles-based Pacific West Bank in an all-stock deal valued at $849 million. The Durham-based bank, which went public a year ago, has assets of about $3 billion and about a dozen loan-production offices nationwide. Square 1 will keep its name and will operate as a division of PacWest.
Jordan debuts on Forbes' billionaires list
March 3, 2015
(The Charlotte Observer)
With a net worth of about $1 billion, Charlotte Hornets' owner Michael Jordan made his first appearance on Forbes magazine's annual billionaires list. Jordan joins SAS executives Jim Goodnight and John Sall and Charlotte businessman C.D. Spangler on the list, which includes 1,826 billionaires worldwide.
Quicken overtakes BofA on list of top mortgage lenders
March 3, 2015
(The Charlotte Observer)
Bank of America slipped a spot to fourth place on a ranking of lenders with top mortgage market share. San Francisco-based Wells Fargo is still the nation's largest mortgage lender, followed by JPMorgan Chase and Detroit-based Quicken Loans.
Greensboro-High Point MSA earns national ranking
March 3, 2015
(High Point Enterprise)
The Greensboro-High Point Metropolitan Statistical Area ranked No. 1 in the nation for new and expanded corporate facilities. The listing in Site Selection magazine includes metro areas with populations of 200,000 to 1,000,000. The area had 41 qualifying projects in 2014, including expansions by APAC Customer Service and Thomas Built Buses.
Raleigh science museum attracts the most visitors in 2014
March 3, 2015
(The Charlotte Observer)
For the second time in three years, the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh was the most visited historic attraction in the state, according to an annual survey conducted by Matthews-based Carolina Publishing and Associates. Fort Fisher in Kure Beach and the North Carolina Zoo in Asheboro ranked second and third.
ECU, PCC to establish bio-manufacturing training center
March 3, 2015
East Carolina University and Pitt Community College will join forces to build a training center for bio-manufacturing. The Golden LEAF Foundation will provide more than $1 million in grant money for the project.
Biotech industry growing in NC
March 3, 2015
(WRAL TechWire)
Employment in the biotech industry increased by more than 30% between 2000 and 2012, according to a report from research firm Battelle. The sector produces $73 billion and is responsible for 61,000 jobs with an average annual salary of $81,000.
Related: NC biotech startups share global spotlight in Raleigh


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New whimsical CL chair re-do, almost done!
Bronwynsmom and splitrock saw part of a chair I am working on in a post about painting an old coffee table.
I am almost embarrassed to show you the original pic from the Craigslist ad, in light of the junk we've been seeing lately, as this would certainly be considered that - a broken antique chair up in the north woods of Maine. Luckily I have a friend who travels up that way every weekend and he met the seller at a truck stop at 6 AM one Monday morning.
BEFORE! Scary, huh? Craigslist ad photo of $15 chair
AFTER/ almost done. I need to pad, cover and do the welt on the dark areas of the arms.
I repaired the arm's missing wood with a product that tinker2006 had used on an old buffet that she'd repaired and painted, Abatron Wood Restoration. GREAT product.
It's painted in Annie Sloan chalk paint, Old Ochre base and Country Grey topcoat, then sanded and waxed with clear Butcher's Wax.
The fabric is vintage - 'Pedigree' by Bloomcraft. I didn't have quite enough, and found a remnant on eBay last week that is on the front of the upper back. The back is done in a 25 cent sample of Stroheim and Romann plaid that cost well over $100 a yard! I had just enough and it blends beautifully with the colors in the dog fabric.
My luck continued as I looked for fabric to make the welt cord. I found this stripe at a local Maine store called Marden's Surplus and Salvage!! That's how desperate I was, and it's perfect for a whimsical chair.
I may have made an alignment error. I was so wrapped up in centering the lower dog's head and the yellow pillow on the settee on the back, that when I stood back later, I realize that I probably should have centered the pagoda that the lower dog is on, rather than the dog! I've produced a 'factory second'!
Splitrock, I am just a novice, and I learned everything I know by reading online blogs and watching YouTube videos. Those pros can tell you and show you more than I ever could. It's really fun, if you are into crafty type things. I urge you to try it.
OMG I love that chair. You did a great job.
I have a similiar style chair that is a rose color. I have been thinking of painting the wood because I can't even sell it on ebay because no one seems to like rose anymore. But if I could do something like that I would keep it.
How long did it take you to do the upholstering part? Did you find one video that explained it the best?
Did you have to do a lot of sewing or is it mostly pulling the fabric tight and tacking it?
Minty, There wasn't one video in particular. There are so many out there, as well as blogs, and there are some on different chair types.
On this style, the only sewing was the welt cord trim, but you could use purchased gimp instead. This one was mostly stretching and stapling. It'll seem like a lot, but I probably spent 8 hours on the non-painting part of this chair. For the first time, the seat and springs were in good condition, so I was able to leave them intact. I did put a layer of heavy batting over the seat before my top fabric. The back has many layers - fabric for the front and back, and sandwiched between those is a thick layer of cotton stuffing, and layers of the batting I used in the seat. I stapled the back plaid on first to make sure it was lined up, and then layered all the others on top of that. I stapled all the other layers at the same time, through that thick 'sandwich' of layers. Then I closely trimmed the edges with sharp scissors and a razor knife to get close to the stapling, and so no raw edges showed once I glued the welt cord on.
The best advice I can give you is to carefully take the coverings off your chair, and to take pictures all the way through to refer to how it's put together. It can be very hard to pull out old nails and/or staples, springs and old fabric. I got so into it last summer that I ended up having rotator cuff surgery that kept me from doing any for months, so be careful!
I was so excited to see your thread knowing that I'd get to see another of your amazing upholstery projects. What a fun and beautiful chair you've made! Congratulations on another very successful transformation. Please keep 'em coming!
Yet another gorgeous work of art from you! Hope your shoulder has healed - take care of it!
Not to be too nosey, but are you successful in selling your chairs?? I think you mentioned putting some in a friend's shop?? I would buy your chairs in a heartbeat.
You should seriously consider opening your own little decor shop with your wonderful upholstery and paint projects and your awesome CL and ebay finds.
Totally awesome!
If I wanted to try my hand at a chair --- without any major sewing experience, what would be the easiest starter project? Something where just take the seat out and staple fabric on it?
Here is a link that might be useful: Fabric-chair project
Jamies - HA - if they wanted to, I probably couldn't stop them, but they prefer the cushy chairs, so I have no worries about them adopting this one.
tuesday, I really haven't tried very hard to sell them. You should see my dining room - it's got lots more chairs in it than belong around the table. The shop that took a few closes right after Christmas and doesn't open again til sometime in April. And honestly, I really am not doing it to make money, although that would be GREAT!
I am learning, and know a bit more with every chair I do. My day job is quite dry, and I am filled with the desire to create things, and always have been. I might try putting a few out on CL - the land of their 'birth', and see what happens. I did give one to my mother's 95 year old neighbor! I even have a Spanish type one coming up that I will do in faux cowhide and leather - just to play and totally change it.
nosoccermom - yes, that is exactly where you should start! You can paint a chair to make it look different, too and then do a new fabric on it. My thrill is seeing how different I can make it look from the way it started. You could even do a little skirt on one that you're just re-doing the seat on. Staple it on and cover the staples with purchased gimp.
I'm picking this one up this weekend. The seller and I think it's mahogany under that yellow paint, and I plan to remove the horizontal piece at the top of the back, and put a back on the chair and upholster that, testing my carpentry skills. I'll strip the wood and if it isn't what I think, it'll get repainted. Love those curvy arms and legs.
Along this line, but covered in fabric at the very top of the back, and in a more exciting fabric.
I always so enjoy reading about your latest projects! Each one is so unique and different from the rest. I do think it would be difficult to part with the items which you create. They are truely one of a kind works of art. When I first saw it I also wondered why you did not center the pagoda, but then thought you centered it around the upper settee, so I don't think it looks off at all, but more intentional on what part of the fabric you wanted to give emphasis too. Thanks for sharing.
If anything instead of reselling on CL, you should create a blog, if you haven't already, because you also have the flair for writing and telling a story about the pieces which you make. Then maybe put up for sale (for the right price). Or teach classes. I know I would sign up!
I don't think you made an alignment error at all. I like the four-square arrangement of the print on the seat. It loosens the design just enough. By not having them all marching down the front, you've injected a naturalness that focuses more on the little critters themselves than on the repetition of the pagoda.
You are amazing. Like others said, I couldn't wait to open your post and see the latest work of art!
I think you should sign your name and date somewhere underneath your projects.
I have visited Maine (Bath) a couple of times. It's one of my all time favorite areas. Super friendly people, fun antique shops, and L.L. Bean : )
I could totally imagine you having your own upholstery shop someday!
I'm sorry I am so late in answering some questions, but my internet connection was down last night.
Nosoccermom...That is very much like 4 Eastlake chairs that I have done. I don't have pictures of one of them on this laptop, but what I do to those is remove all fabric and ALL the old supports, such as the webbing, springs, horsehair, etc. I have stripped the old finish off most of them, but have painted a few. I won't go into the detail of all I do to to cut plywood to make a new seat 'platform' and then put foam and batting on it. Basically I start with just the frame and re-build from there before any fabric goes on.
This doggie chair is the only one where the original underpinnings were intact and in great shape. I just removed the thin black cambric fabric from the underside, which is missing on that chair you found, and replaced it. Then I put batting over the muslin seat covering, and then my new fabric.
That chair would be a great project, but possibly more than you want to get into for your first one.
Thanks to all who said my fabric placement was OK - that makes me feel much better.
Laurie, Bath is where one of only TWO Annie Sloan stockists is in Maine. I have not been to her shop, but did order a qt of Old Ochre, a color I seem to use a lot. What a surprise to have the owner appear in my driveway one day later with the paint, which I guess either UPS or USPS wouldn't accept! Talk about service! I must see her 'Blessings' shop some day. I drove very near it when I picked up the 'balloon chair' last summer, and never knew the shop was there. The yellow chair above is in Durham, a town next to Freeport.
Lynn, is my addiction to beautiful fabric showing? Honestly, that is where all this starts! I see some and just HAVE to do something with it!
Cat fabric is HARD to find in a home dec weight and width! I just did a quick check, and there are thousands in quilt weight at 45" wide, but the only one I found in home dec is the one linked below. Dog fabric rules!! :-)
Here is a link that might be useful: Cat fabric mouse yarn upholstery fabric
That is so interesting the owner drove to your house to deliver the paint! I do not know what chalk paint is, so did a quick search.
Are you able to apply it to wood (like the chairs you have been finding) without sanding first? After the paint dries, what type of finish do you apply?
I have found this fabric site (linked below) called Spoonflower but have not used them, yet. They have lots of categories including dogs and cats. Fabric can be purchased in a heavy cotton twill that is 58" wide, 7.2 oz./sq. yd. & could be used for upholstery.
I would be interested if you or anyone else has experience with them.
Here is a link that might be useful: Spoonflower
First, Lynn - I missed answering your question about foam. I am lucky to have a fabric and foam place nearby in Scarborough, ME. I also loaded up when the Marden's store where I got the stripe fabric for the welt got in a shipment of foam. They had GREAT prices! You're right about Joann's and it's SO overpriced unless it's on sale for 50% off. There are online upholstery site where I have ordered tools. nail heads etc, but I think the foam has a shipping surcharge due to size, so I haven't bought from them.
Laurie, YES about being able to apply chalk paint to wood without sanding. I have used it on pine, oak, walnut and maple, but with some dark stains like mahogany, I have read there is occasionally red bleed-through of the stain, but I haven't experienced that. It is pricey, and there are many recipes online to make your own. I've bought calcium carbonate to make my own, but just haven't tried it yet. There are hundreds of blogs that talk about chalk paint.
I use wax to finish the pieces I use chalk paint on. I have BriWax in light and dark brown, and Butcher's wax in clear.
I haven't used Spoonflower fabric, either - maybe some day!
Well, cyn, Work is underway on that yellow chair with the great arms. The arms are off right now, as I am changing the back so I can upholster it, too, and I have just put one coat of paint on (it wasn't strippable) and will be using my eBay remnants of 3 Park Tribal Thread fabric in 'azure'. I paid less than $20 for enough that will do the whole chair. I just laid it over the chair to see how it looked with the paint color.
One seller on eBay right now is selling it for $53.99 a yard. The dark blue in the circles is raised sort of like pom poms - it's 3D fabric. I chose this from my stash as I like the way the swirls in the fabric compliment the curved arms.
Absolutely adorable! I don't think you made a mistake at all. Also love the blue fabric.
Would love to see a close up of the wood repair you made on the arm of dog chair. My grandmother did something similar years ago when one of a pair of elephant tables arrived from overseas (her DS is a retired Navy Captain). She used something to make a mold of the entire side/face, then produced the piece and painted. I was amazed by that table all my life! lol
Always enjoy seeing what you're working on next!
I don't get on GW often now, but so glad I didn't miss seeing your chairs. Love the whimsical dogs with the various fabric combos that were perfect together, but you've got me swooning over the blue and white one you're planning. You have such an incredible eye for this!
Ladies, you are pumping me up with happiness. I can't tell you how much I enjoy working with these chairs and my beloved fabrics.
Allison, there was about a 6" long chunk of wood gone from the upright support of that broken arm in the 'doggie chair'. That 2 part product is mold-able like clay and I just got it as close to the shape as I could, pressed it onto the arm, and let it set up overnight. I then sanded and carved it down a bit to match the other arm. I'll have to see if I have a before pic of that and then take one now.
Oh, I also plan to use that product to make new tops above the arms where you see the holes in the natural wood in the 2nd pic below. That's where the original horizontal top was attached. (a bit cut off in the CL ad pic) Part of that top is now mounted inside the upper back, padded and covered with fabric.
Sujafr, here is the blue one a bit further along, although I just propped the being re-glued arms in place for this shot, which I sent to the seller. I found a solid Waverly twill that matches the darker blue in the fabric, and will have welt outlining the upholstered parts for a crisp definition. You can just see it at the top where I pinned it.
patty-cakes, I'll keep them for a little while, just to enjoy the fruits of my labor/fun, and then try to find good homes for them. I might list a few on Craigslist!
The welting for the blue one sets it off perfectly! I love the new back cushion, too--such a great idea to do that. It's really coming along beautifully! Seeing your creations is so motivating that I managed to make one small throw pillow thanks to your inspiration. We love seeing your progress shots!


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Going Natural: What Folks Aren't Saying
Sundy Carter Says Draya Michele & Malaysia Pargo Gave Her Permanent Eye Damage
Dear Natural Hair Brands, This Is How You Can Be Better
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Stonewood Capital Management, Inc. a Pittsburgh-based equity group, has completed the purchase of the continuous filament mat business unit as well as a plant and facilities in Huntingdon, Pa., from AGY Holding Corp. The new entity will be known as Huntingdon Fiberglass LLC.
North America represents about 30 percent of the global consumption of flexible packaging. Annual growth in this region is forecast at 4 percent during the next 5 years.
For more insight on growth opportunities, drivers of growth and the outlook for 2015, download this report.
This report is a review and analysis of the North American Plastics Recycling Industry, including key trends and statistics based on 2013 performance. We examine market environment factors, regulatory issues, industry challenges, key drivers and emerging trends in post-consumer and post-industrial recycling.Learn more
This report analyzes the $20 billion plastics industry in Mexico including sales of machinery & equipment, resins and finished products.
Our analysts provide insight on business trends, foreign investment, top end markets and plastics processing activity. The report also provides important data on exports, production, employment and value of plastics products manufactured.
June 2, 2015 - June 3, 2015Plastics Financial Summit - Chicago 2015
September 16, 2015 - September 18, 2015Plastics Caps & Closures - September 2015More Events


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New Cars
15 cars that refuse to die
Pinpointing exactly how many miles, on average, any given model has racked up is virtually impossible, but we've identified 15 cars with exceptional—sometimes surprising—endurance and value.Kiplinger
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Say Goodbye: 10 Cars Being Discontinued in 2015
Styling fads come and go, technology comes and goes, and buyer needs are constantly changing. These are all the reasons why...
Car and Driver unveils the 10Best Cars of 2015
This guide is intended to help you identify the 10 cars that, through a rare combination of strengths, stand apart. They reward close observation. The assembled cars share the following traits: They cost less than $80,000, they excel at delivering value for the money, they have a strong mastery of…Car and Driver
2015 Porsche 911 Carrera GTS review: The spirit will move you
We won't be the first to say that some modern Porsche 911 Carreras have lost some of the early 911's knife-edge, risk-fraught, tail-happy excitability — the inevitable outcome of demands for safety and space over time. As Porsche pursues an ever-broader base of customers, it now offers some 19…Motoramic
2015 Jaguar F-Type S Coupe review: When a V-6 is more desirable than a V-8
Usually it's unthinkable to spring for a V6 over a V8, like preferring the Jar-Jar-infested Star Wars prequels to the original trilogy. In the pony car world, you're driving grandma's Mustang if you settle for anything less than a 5.0. I can't remember the last time I preferred six cylinders over…Yahoo Autos
2016 Mercedes-AMG GT S review: A Teutonic shift in sports cars
Entering into a gilded fray this coming spring is the all-new, 503-hp Mercedes-AMG GT S (a less potent and "S"-less 456-hp variant will follow in mid-2016). Powered by a twin-turbocharged, 4-liter V-8, and transmogrifying its spirit to terra firma through an updated version of the 7-speed dual…Motoramic
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2015: Drivers Are In For A Big Surprise...
Why did no one tell drivers about this? If you're currently insured and drive a car, you better read this.
Motor Trend names the Volkswagen Golf/GTI its 2015 Car of the Year
Since 1957, the scribes at Motor Trend have chosen a Car of the Year, often times to great tumult and dissent from the community at large. (I still recall puzzling over the Chevy Caprice Classic LTZ pick from 1991.) This morning, the magazine announced its winner for 2015, naming not just one car…Motoramic
LaFerrari XX Will Have A Ridiculous Amount of Power
Throughout the last decade, Ferrari has created a few special track only editions of some of the its fastest cars. Beginning with the Enzo FXX and ending with the 599XX, these cars defy most laws of physic and many wallets. Additionally, when Ferrari starts to talk about building more race cars,…Boldride
Driving the Aston Martin Vantage GT4, the grab-and-go race car for the well-heeled
You go to 7-Eleven to purchase a Big Gulp and come away with a winning lottery ticket worth hundreds of millions of dollars. What do you buy, beyond a lifetime supply of gummy bears?Motoramic
A 40-mph electric recumbent tricycle that changes your commute forever
I'm sitting in a bucket seat, wearing a full-face helmet, going so fast that my instinct for self-preservation is telling me to hit the brakes. I've been in this situation before, in cars. But right now there's no bodywork around me, no windshield, no steering wheel. I'm riding the Outrider 422…Motoramic
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8 Motorcycles That Cost More Than Most Homes
Six motorcycles are more than the average home price in the United States. Click here to see the most expensive motorcycles.
2015 Cadillac Escalade review: The fellowship of the bling
It was 1963 when blues musician Tony Glover found a song manuscript lay on the table at his friend's apartment. "The Times They Are a-Changin," it read. He skimmed through the lyrics: "Come senators, congressmen, please heed the call." Glover didn't buy it, and turned to Bob Dylan and laid forth…Motoramic
The 2015 Yahoo Autos Green Vehicle of the Year: BMW i3
The most radical vehicle to emerge from any automaker in the past year — and likely the past decade — the BMW i3 looks and drives like nothing else on the road. Call it a hatchback hit with an ugly stick; call it an expensive way to travel 80 miles on a charge, but you'll still miss the point of…Motoramic
The 2015 Yahoo Autos Value Car of the Year: Honda Fit
The value class at our annual Yahoo Autos Car of the Year awards always turns (some might say devolves) into a free-for-all. We keep close tabs on the sticker prices of our test cars, and when one of the editors isn't making progress in arguing their case in another class, they always reach for the…Motoramic
The 2015 Yahoo Autos Luxury Car of the Year: Mercedes-Benz C-Class
The 2015 Mercedes-Benz C-Class can fairly be described as the car Mercedes wants to build, not the car Mercedes needs to build. But it wouldn't have scored our luxury car award if it didn't bring the goods, too.Motoramic
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Forget The iPhone 6. Next Apple Sensation Leaked
Apple's next big thing might not be what you expect, but there could be a unique way for you to profit from it.
The 2015 Yahoo Autos Performance Car of the Year: Chevrolet Camaro Z/28
Spending an entire week with the best 2015 model year vehicles, putting them through their paces on both the road and the racetrack, deliberation for the 2015 Yahoo Autos Performance Car of the Year provided little contention among our judges – the Chevrolet Camaro Z/28 stole the show.Motoramic
Driving the 2015 Ford Mustang, the pony car learning all-new tricks
When releasing a new version of an iconic muscle car, appeasing the masses is all but impossible. Some will believe that the '60s and early '70s were the only muscle cars worth bothering with, and that today's versions need more swagger. The other side of the fence calls modern muscle cars too…Motoramic
1971 Opel GT Needs a Loving Home
Normally, vintage sports cars of a certain German origin will cost you an arm and a leg…as well as your friend's arms and legs. Not so in the case of this lovely 1971 Opel GT, which is currently up for sale for a relatively affordable price. The eldest of you might remember the tiny Opel as […]Boldride
Jaguar F-Type vs Subaru WRX STI Drag Race: Does AWD Trump Power? [w/Video]
Here's a match between two fast, powerful cars with significant differences. One is the Jaguar F-Type V6S, which has 380 bhp with rear-wheel drive and an automatic transmission. The other, is a Subaru WRX STI has only 300 bhp and a manual transmission, but it compensates for the lower horsepower…Boldride
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15 Surprising Maps Of The World
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6 Ferrari Pininfarina Sergio Roadsters To Be Produced
The Ferrari Pininfarina Sergio debuted as a concept car at the 2013 Geneva Auto Show, and according to a new report, it's going into production in very limited quantities. They're only making six of this beauty for six lucky customers who likely already know they're going to have this stunning…Boldride
700HP Dodge Challenger SRT8 — No Hellcat Needed: Your Ride
American muscle is alive and well, especially when you consider all that Dodge has been doing recently. But even before all the Hellcat hype, one of our readers, Carl, has been tearing up the streets in his custom 2012 Dodge Challenger SRT with 700 horsepower on tap. And he didn't need no stinkin'…Boldride
A week with the Bentley Continental GT V8 S Convertible, cool as ice
Here's how this typically works: When a car reviewer gets to pick a vehicle up for review at an airport, he or she usually heads to some odd off-site lot where the keys are delivered with the fanfare reserved for buying a can of Pringles. When I arranged to drive a 2014 Bentley Continental GT V8 S…Motoramic


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Light as a feather and cool as a cucumber, the Columbia Altimeter Short Sleeve Shirt is your go-to active wear option when the warm weather sets in. Perfect for trail hiking and running,...Continue Reading
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Everybody's Rummage Sale
Next Sale:
Saturday, April 18, 2015
Join us for the area's LARGEST indoor rummage sale!
- Items for sale include, but are not limited to: baby – adult clothes, books, vintage items, music, movies, toys, baby accessories, electronics, crafts, sports memorabilia, tools, jewelry, household items, and much more!
- Parking is FREE in the Lambeau Field Parking Lot.
- Admission is only $2.00 (children 12 yrs and under are free)
- Over 150 vendors to shop
Questions? Contact Rachel Pieper at 920-405-1168 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Weird News - Page 12
Boilermaker 2014: LIVE Photos, Video of the Winners in Each Race
Here's photos, video, and results of the 2014 Boilermaker Road Race.
SyFy Releasing "Aliens On The Moon: The Truth Exposed" On July 20th 2014
Would You Ever Eat Cricket Chips?
Are you a little hungry? Try snacking on your favorite six legged chips: Chirps. These are real, and sound really gross too.
Carmelo Anthony May Get Free Lap Dances For Life
Restaurant Employee Finds 'GOD' In Sliced Eggplant
Some people find God out on the water, in the mountains, at churches, and even in our food. One restaurant employee found God inside an eggplant.
Would You Spend $300,000 On A Pizza?
UFO Sighting Reported Over Fairport NY On July 5th 2014
Donate To The Potato Salad Kickstarter Campaign
Have you heard of Kickstarter? It's been making national headlines for over a year or two now. As of this July, it'll be making potato salad.
Woman Tells Police She's "Too Busy Drinking" For Breathalyzer Test
Imagine being so drunk you're dumb enough to tell a police officer you're "too busy drinking" to take a breathalyzer test? One woman in the UK was that dumb.
Enroll In The Northeastern Institute Of Cannabis Fall 2014
Looking to head back to school? Why not head back to class and learn about pot? The Northeastern Institute of Cannabis will be opening for class this fall of 2014.


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Elsom relishing Springbok pressure
August 28, 2009
Wallabies flanker Rocky Elsom is relishing the pressure ahead of Saturday's meeting with the Springboks © Getty Images
Australia flanker Rocky Elsom is approaching 100% fitness and has set his sights firmly on defeating the World Champion Springboks in Perth on Saturday.
Elsom made his return to international action in last weekend's loss to the All Blacks in Sydney, a troublesome knee injury having prevented him from playing in the Wallabies' opening two Tri-Nations Tests after he returned from a year-long sabbatical with Heineken Cup champions Leinster.
Robbie Deans' Wallabies are yet to register a win in this year's tournament despite having led the Springboks and All Blacks in Tests so far, making Saturday's showdown a high-pressure proposition.
"There's always a lot of pressure because you are playing the best sides over and over. If you don't perform not only could you lose, but it could get embarrassing too," Elsom said. "There's always an element of pressure to perform and that doesn't change because we didn't get the win last week. It's not necessarily about pride, we want to beat South Africa because we think we can and they are the best team in the world at the moment."
Elsom's ankle was problematic early in the week, but he is feeling confident enough on it now and also in the Wallabies' lineout to overcome the problems the team had in Cape Town.
"Early on in the week I didn't do too much which probably helped and I had a run yesterday and today, and am feeling pretty good. It's going better than expected and I'm happy about that," he said. "A key thing for us is to back our options. Our execution during the week has been good, it was a bit of a step up last week again and what we are doing is fine, it's just about getting out there and doing it on the field.
"It's obvious they have the best lineout in the game so it won't be easy, but we think we have enough to do what we need to do there."
© Scrum.com
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Craig Dowd warns England, Ireland and Wales they should play to their strengths rather than those of the All Blacks and the Wallabies


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Singapore Night Safari Excursion Reviews
Stay out late and enjoy the exciting night life with a Singapore Night Safari.
2 reviews
Feb 2013
Don't waste your time on the Night Safari. It was a big disappointment. We saw many wonderful things in Singapore after the cruise ended.Read helenls's full Azamara Journey cruise review
Provider: Azamara Club Cruises
3 reviews
Feb 2013
tour guide was full of herself- thouight she was an opera singer not a tour guide.Read Flo123's full Celebrity Millennium cruise review
Provider: Celebrity Cruises
1 review
May 2012
All excursions were amazing and well worth the money. Night Zoo was awesome, food was included also so an amazing deal and experience.Read Marando's full Voyager of the Seas cruise review
Provider: Royal Caribbean International
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