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Annex A ACEF Project Proposal (Feasibility Study) Format 1.0 Project Title: 2.0 Project Type: Irrigation Farm to Market Road Post Harvest Equipment and Facilities Research and Development Assistance Marketing Infrastructure Provision of Market Information Retaining and Extension Service Other Forms of Assistance (please specify _____) 3.0 Proponent(s): 3.1 Type(s): Government Sector Group LGU Government Corporation State University and College Other Government Agency Other (please specify ___________) Private Sector Group CDA-Registered (Cooperative/Federation) SEC-Registered Non-Stock/Profit (PO/NGO/Foundation) SEC-Registered Stock/Profit (Corporation/Association) DTI-Registered (Single Proprietor/Registered Business) Other (please specify_________) 3.2 Name: 3.3 Address: 4.0 Coverage 4.1 Location: Specify particular region(s), province(s), municipality(ies)/city(ies) where the: 4.1.1 Main project activities is/are located; and 4.1.2 Intended market is/are 4.2 Product: Specify the type/kind of agricultural/fishery product(s) commodity (ies) or support service(s) the project shall be involved with 5.0 Duration 5.1 Pre – Implementation. The number of days/months required to complete all pre-implementation activities must be specified. 5.2 Implementation. The target number of years the project will be implemented must be specified and should at least be equivalent to the period until the ACEF loan is fully paid. 6.0 Funding Requirement 6.1 ACEF Loan 6.2 Equity 6.3 Total 7.0 Contact Person 7.1 Name/Position : 7.2 Address 7.3 Phone No. 7.4 E-mail 8.0 The Project 8.1 Justification. The following information should be included in this Section: 8.1.1 A brief but complete description of the current state of development of the agricultural product/commodity and/or support services (e.g., grains, livestock, fisheries, high value commercial crops, rural infrastructure, marketing and credit, research and development, etc.) which the proposed projects intends to support; 8.1.2 The potentials for development of the sub-sectors involved in the project area, including the level and kind of demand for agricultural products/commodities and/or services involved which the project intend to meet or create; 8.1.3 The existing efforts/interventions of government and private sector groups to develop the sub-sectors involved; and the possible upstream and downstream linkages with these existing efforts/interventions which proposed project may create; : : : (Landline/Fax nos.) (Cell No.) : : : P P P P (counterpart of the proponent) (from other source) 8.1.4 The proposed project's consistency with the policies and priority thrusts of the DA's Plans and Programs and its support to, and/or complementation with, the regularly funded activities of the DA; 8.1.5 The perceived problems and/or constraints, which the project intends to address, including the causes and evidences of these problems/constraints; 8.1.6 Relevant information on how the intended beneficiaries (e.g., farmers/fisherfolk, agribusiness enterprises, etc.) will directly or indirectly benefit from the project, including the direct and indirect benefits which the project may have on the proponents as well; 8.1.7 A brief description of the likely situation after project financing has been completed (i.e., contributions, impacts and/or changes brought about by the project); 8.1.8 The strategies/measures to be done to ensure sustainability after project completion; and project 8.1.9 Information on other important considerations, such as the following: a. negative and/or positive impacts of the project on the environment including the possible measures to mitigate and/or enhance such; b. involvement of, and impacts on, particular interests groups such as women's groups, tribal minorities, small and marginalized farmers/fisherfolks, etc.; c. significance of the project in alleviating poverty; and d. participation of private sector groups in project identification, formulation, development, and implementation. 8.2 Project Description. A brief overview of the proposed project should be presented here. This section should also indicate the type of project to be implemented including the specific interventions being proposed under the project. The proposal should present two types of objectives as follows: 8.3 Objectives. 8.3.1 Development Objectives, which represent the achievement of a broader development goal (as defined in DA Plans and Programs) at the sub-sectoral level to which the project is intended to contribute to. These should also pertain to various performance indicators such as increased agricultural productivity, farm incomes, levels of support services provided, etc. 8.3.2 Immediate Objectives, which should be able to indicate what the project itself is expected to achieve, including the desired impacts of the project on he principal beneficiaries, the project area, and the agricultural sub-sectors involved. They must also in turn collectively contribute to the achievement of the development objectives. (These maybe elaborated into a project objective tree to provide an overview on how the desired project impacts are transformed into developmental gains.) 8.4 Beneficiaries. Depending on the objective of the project, the beneficiaries should be classified into: 8.4.1 Primary (Direct) Beneficiaries; and 8.4.2 Secondary (Indirect) Beneficiaries. (The institutional [organizational and entrepreneurial] capacity of the target beneficiaries before and after project implementation should also be indicated here. How the project beneficiaries will sustain the generation of project benefits even after the termination of financing support should also be discussed here.) 8.5 Location. This section should indicate the advantages and disadvantages of locating the project in the proposed site. It should further specify the influence area of the project, or the magnitude of the geographic area where project impacts will be directly and indirectly felt. The following project location development factors should also be considered: (i) existing zoning ordinances and land use plans of LGUs; (ii) national land use and conversion policies; and (iii) environmental protection guidelines/clearances, among others. A location map of the proposed project site should also be included. 8.6 Scope. This refers to the magnitude of work to be done within the activity, resource and time boundaries of the project. It should be able to indicate the specific activities to be undertaken over a specified time frame and schedule, and given the appropriate resources required to undertake such activities. Project scope should be presented in the following: 8.6.1 Components, where the immediate objectives of the project should be transformed into major project components, indicating among others, the specific outputs, activities, resource requirements, and time frame of activities per project components (Outputs are planned outcomes of project activities that, taken together, should achieve the immediate objectives. Activities consist of the substantive tasks to be carried out in order to produce a specified project output. Resources required include, but are not limited to, funding, manpower, supplies and equipment, vehicle, etc.); and 8.6.2 Strategies, where the operational schemes to be employed in the conduct of specific activities to attain the desired outputs during project implementation should be presented and thoroughly discussed in this section. This should include how the project benefits will be delivered by the proponents to intended beneficiaries. (The proposal should also clearly define how the project can be transformed from a public-supported investment project into a selfreliant project. It should also indicate how it will be able to adjust to evolving development challenges such as sustainable agricultural development, social reform and poverty alleviation, and gender and development concerns.) 8.7 Implementation Schedule. A Bar Chart of activities on a quarterly or monthly basis by project component should be presented, given the following format; Activities Project Component #____ Activity 1 Activity 2 Etc. Project Component #____ Activity 1 Activity 2 Etc. 1Q Year 1 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q Year 2… 2Q 3Q 4Q …Year N 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q (The bar chart of activities may also be translated into a PERT-CPM to show how the different project activities are interrelated/linked and dependent upon each other.) 8.8 Budgetary Requirements. The budgetary requirements of the project must be presented in detail, or breaking down the project into the major project components/activities with the corresponding expenditure requirements of each, given the following format: Component/ Activity ACEF (P) Proponent Counterpart (P) From Other Sources (P) TOTAL (P) (A miscellaneous expense account can be used for small expenditure items. In addition, a reserve for contingency, roughly equivalent to the inflation rate, should be provided. Please note the usual government audit and accounting system in preparing the proposed budgetary requirements.) 8.9 Project Analysis. This section must establish the viability of the project for ACEF assistance, through analyses of the following: 8.9.1 Competitiveness Aspect, where objectively verifiable indicators of the competitiveness enhancement that the project shall bring about should be shown in terms of any of the following: a. the price of the commodity/product involved must be lower/at par with same/similar products being imported/of various competitors; and that the quality of which must be higher/at par with those being imported/of various competitors; b. the commodity/product involved will be used substitute for certain products being imported; and as a c. the commodity/product involved will be exported (new or increased exports). 8.9.2 Market Aspect, where markets for the product/service should be established, by identifying and providing description/information and realistic assumptions on the following: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. commodity/product and/or service to offer; demand and supply analysis/projections; target markets and marketing arrangement; marketing program and personnel; projected marketing/selling expenses; projected selling prices and sales volume; and other basic market assumptions. 8.9.3 Technical Aspect, where the technical soundness/appropriateness of all aspects in the production of the commodity/product involved should be established, by identifying and providing detailed and precise description/information on the following (with corresponding/prices/costs, and where applicable): a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. product/service technical description; farm size/location; planting/growing/harvesting/operating schedule; raw material requirement; farm lay-out; utilities, fuel and other input requirements; equipment repair/maintenance schedule; waste disposal system; and production cost per unit. 8.9.4 Financial and Economic Aspects, where the financial and the economic viability of the project must be proven, through the following: a. identification of costs and benefits, and related information/assumptions i. Some of the important costs for financial analysis purposes may be identified as follows: physical goods, labor, land, contingency allowances, taxes, insurance, debt service, subsidies, etc. For economic analysis purposes, other costs may also include: system costs, sunk costs, contingencies, working capital, transfer payments, depreciation, consumer surplus, and externalities. Benefits may include: increased value of output; greater physical production; quality improvement; changes in location and time of sale; changes in grading and processing; cost reduction; gains from infrastructure development and mechanization; reduced transportation costs; avoidance of losses; and secondary benefits such as multiplier effects and economies of scale. Other information/ assumptions pertinent to the conduct of sound financial and economic analyses may be required by the Execom, NTC/RTC or NTS/RTS. ii. iii. (A detailed listing of the identified costs and benefits of, including other related information and assumptions used for, the proposed project should be submitted.) b. Conduct of Financial Analysis i. The fundamental reason for undertaking a financial analysis of projects is to ascertain the benefits and costs of such projects and then decide which alternative will give the greatest return on investment. The three discounted measures of project worth which will be used for ACEF projects are the following: (1) Benefit-Cost Ration (BCR); (2) Net Present Value (NPV); and (3) Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR). Other measures of project worth should be determined as well include, among others: (1) Payback Period (PP); (2) Return on Investment (ROI); and (3) Breakeven Point (BEP). ii. iii. c. Conduct of Economic Analysis i. The Main reason for undertaking an economic analysis of projects is to determine whether or not the project shall result in an efficient use of resources from an economic point of view. The three methods which will be utilized for comparing the cost and benefits streams to arrive at investment decisions are, among others, the following: (i) BCR); (ii) Net Present Worth (NPW); and (iii) Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR). This should include a comparative analysis on a with and without a project situation. ii. d. Conduct of Sensitivity Analysis This should indicate how possible changes in events will affect the financial and economic viability of projects. It may involve changing the values of key variables such as decreasing benefits and/or increasing costs, and determine how such changes will affect the BCR, NPV/NPW, FIRR/EIRR, and the other feasibility indicators. e. Preparation of Projected Financial Statements The projected financial statements of the projects which would cover its implementation period until the ACEF loan is fully paid on an annual basis must be presented here, as follows: i. Cash Flow (the first year of project implementation should be presented on a monthly basis); ii. Income Statement; and iii. Balance sheet. 8.9.5 Socio-Economic Aspect, where the social benefits of the project should be indicated and quantified, as follows: a. Direct benefits to project beneficiaries (e.g. increased incomes, employment opportunities, etc.); and b. Indirect and other benefits to the community/locality, small farmers/fisherfolks in the project area, and other stakeholders. 8.9.6 Organizational/Management Aspect, where the management capability of the organization and the overall viability of the organization itself should be established, by providing the following: a. Organizational and administrative requirement, where: i. The key project implementers and cooperators/coordinating entities including their respective roles and availability should be described in detail (This may be done through a functional organizational chart highlighting the relationship between the responsible unit and the cooperating/coordinating units within and outside the project set-up.); In the case of relationships with outside organizations, the institutional arrangements in line with project implementation should also be defined; and ii. b. Other organizational concerns such as: the management and technical capability and qualification of both the organizational and project officers/members and personnel/staff; and the availability of support/office facilities and fixtures, and other administrative requirements. Annex B Application Requirements 1.0 From the Private Sector 1.1 Those with least three years of operation 1.1.1 Board resolution/Letter of Intent citing: (a) request for ACEF Assistance; (b) proposed equity contribution; and (c) designated representative who shall transact with DA for and in its behalf, attaching three specimen signature; 1.1.2 Registration certificate: Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); Cooperative Development Authority (CDA); Department of Trade and Industry (DTI); Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE); Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD); or any other appropriate agency (to include by-laws); 1.1.3 Notarized Certification from appropriate entities that the proponent had successfully implemented projects before and/or is currently implementing successful projects (or that is has the institutional capability to implement projects); 1.1.4 List of/details on projects previously undertaken and/or currently being undertaken (to include proofs of undertaking); 1.1.5 Audited Financial Statements during last three years of operation; and 1.1.6 Certification from Government Financing Institutions (GFIs') that proponent is of good credit standing (no past due loan/record of properly foreclosure), or its equivalent, if applicable. 1.2 Those with less than three years of operation 1.2.2 Items 1,2,3,4, and 6 above, where applicable; 1.2.3 Audited financial statements for the last two (2) years of operation, if applicable; 1.2.4 Proof of required equity contribution or capital build-up as stipulated in section I.J.1.b in the form of cash deposits in the bank; 1.2.5 Proof that the organization is professionally managed by a competent staff; and 1.2.6 Proof that the project will use a pioneering technology as endorsed by any appropriate government office, if applicable. 2.0 From the Government Sector 2.1 Local Government Units 2.1.1 Sanggunian resolution and/or corresponding Sanggunian issuance citing: (i) request for ACEF assistance; (ii) proposed equity contribution; (iii) assurance of funds for MOOE during and after project implementation; (iv) designated representative who shall transact with the DA for and in its behalf, attaching three specimen signatures; 2.1.2 Certification from the Bureau of Local Government Finance (BLGF) that the ACEF loan is within the borrowing capacity of the LGU; and 2.1.3 Proof that the project is within and/or included in the approved Area/Local/Provincial Development bPlan; 2.1.4 Proof that the LGU is in partnership with the farmers, fisherfolks, peoples organization, women's group or indigenous peoples in a joint venture undertaking. 2.2 State Universities and Colleges, Government Corporations and Other Government Agencies 2.2.1 Board resolution/Letter of intent citing: (i) request for ACEF assistance; (ii) proposed equity contribution; (iii) assurance of Funds for MOOE during and after project implementation; (iv) designated representative who shall transact with DA and in its behalf, attaching three specimen signatures; 2.2.2 Proof that the project is within and/or included in the proponent's charter/mandate; and 2.2.3 Proof that the project is within the proponent's Strategic Development or Investment Plan or its equivalent. Annex C Loan Agreement/Contract Provisions 1.0 Proponents of approved project proposals shall enter into a Loan Agreement/ Contract with the DA or its designated appropriate attached agency, GFI, or government corporation prior to the release and disbursement of the ACEF Loan. The Loan Agreement/Contract shall, at the minimum, have to contain the following information: Article I – Basic Covenant Section 1 – Loan amount Section 2 – Loan Term Section 3 – Utilization of Loan Proceeds Section 4 – Loan Payments Section 5 – Loan Security Article II – Defaults Section – Events of Defaults Section – Effects of Defaults Article III – Conditions for Release Article IV – Effectivity 3.0 During the effectivity of the Loan Agreement/Contract, proponents shall not use the funds for money market, placement, time deposit, and other forms of investments not related to the project. 2.0 Annex D Grant Agreement/Memorandum of Agreement 1.0 Qualified Proponents of approved project proposals shall enter into a Memorandum of Agreement with the DA or its designated appropriate attached agency, GFI, or government corporation prior to the release and disbursement of the ACEF grant. The Grant Agreement/MOA shall contain the following information: Article I – Basic Covenant Section 1 – Parties Involved Section 2 – Grant Justification Section 3 – Grant amount Article II – Conditions for Release Article III – Effectivity 3.0 During the effectivity of the Grant Agreement/MOA, proponents shall not use the funds for money market, placement, time deposit, and other forms of investments not related to the project. 2.0 Annex E Checklist of Requirements for Project Proposals (Regular ACEF) Categories Project Proposal Annex B Contents 1. Project Feasibility Write-Up 2. Board Resolution/Letter of Intent (LOI) 3. Registration Certificate/Business Permit/Certificates of Accreditation a. SEC, CDA, DOLE, DSWD, DTI, Mayor's Permit etc., Registration, to include Updated General Information Sheet (GIS), Certificate of Good Standing (Current Year), Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws b. HACCP, GAP, GMP, Halal, Organic, Sanitary Permit, NFA, BFAD etc. Certification c. Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC)/CNC/IEE (for Application of ECC) 4. Notarized Certification from appropriate entities that the proponent had successfully implemented projects before and/or currently implementing successful projects 5. List and details of similar projects undertaken and/or currently undertaking 6. Audited Financial Statements during the last three years of operation: a. Balance Sheet b. Statements of Income and Retained Earnings c. Statement of Cash Flow d. Income Tax Return (ITR) during the last 3 years of operation duly received by the BIR 7. Certification from GFIs that the proponent is of good credit standing 8. Projected Financial Statements a. Projected Balance Sheet b. Projected Income Statement c. Projected Cash Flow Statement (with monthly cash flow (MCF) projections on the first year of operation) 9. Details of Assumptions and Schedules Used 10. Production History for the last 3 years of operation (if Applicable) 11. Amortization Schedule 12. Proponent and Company Profiles Status Project IS/CS/BS Other Documentary Requirements 13. Signed Agreements and Legal Instruments (Contracts, MOA, MOU, etc.) used to: a. Assure Supply (of Raw Materials) b. Assure Market (including Letter of Intent (LOI) from buyers) c. Formalize Management Arrangement Grower-ship Agreement (Contract Growing) Co-Management Agreement 14. Suppliers' Quotation and Specification (From three (3) sources 15. Proposed layout, Plans and Designs of Infrastructure (Must be signed by a licensed Architect and/or Engineer) and details of Bill of Materials 16. Documents pertaining to Land: a. Proponent's Equity Original/Transfer Certificate of Title (OCT, TCT) (Should be free from any liens and encumbrances)/ Deed of Absolute Sale Tax Declaration (real estate) Location Map Vicinity Map Usufruct Agreement/ Special Power of Attorney, if applicable b. To be Leased: Lease Contract/ Agreement (signed) c. Donated to the Proponent Deed of Donation d. Appraisal – if any land to be used as part of equity is not reflected in the Audited FS 17. proof of Equity (approved credit line) Regional 18. Endorsement from the concerned ACEF Appraisal Regional Technical Committee (ACEF-RTC) 19. Project Brief and Evaluation Report (PBER) (signed by all or majority of the ACEF RTC) BI/CI 20. Background and Credit Investigation ACEF NTS (Date:_____________) Department of Agriculture S Inc S – Submitted Inc - Incomplete P – Pending (must have justification) NA – Not Applicable NS – None Submitted – Submitted complete documents – Submitted documents but incomplete P – Pending documents, submitted but with issues and concerns e.g. only a copy of application for license; for ECC, other documents waiting approval NA – Not Applicable NS – Non Submission of Documents Banks Statements on existing loans, others HACCP – Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points GAP – Good Agricultural Practices GMP – Good Manufacturing Practices Halal Accredited/Certified : (meaning "with permission" currently from the Office of Muslim Affairs (OMA) (Food free from pork) Organic : (naturally grown, raised or produced) PS – Products Standards Products Supply and Demand Agreements and Legal Instruments (MOA, MOU, Contracts, Lease, etc.) used must be: a. Supply (raw materials) b. Market (including letters of intent from buyers) Formalized Management Agreement a. Growership Agreement (Contract Growing) b. Co-Management Agreement/s c. Others N.B.: All Legal Instruments must be signed by all parties concerned and duly notarized Independent Background and Credit Investigation (BI/CI) : to be conducted (please take note) before the proposal is reviewed by the ACEF NTC. da-rfu3_acef_amas_file.alou
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No School March 30-April 3---Spring Break
Our Mission: Students Actively Involved and Learning
Click one of the links below to access school newsletters.
Jr./Sr. High School • Elementary School
District Improvement Goals - Ohio Improvement Process
Khan Academy - Watch Khan Academy Educational Videos.
HS Credit Flexibility Option Information and Application
Preschool Registration for the 2015-16 School Year
Click Here for Information
(Dates have changed - Revised 3/6/2015)
Blizzard Bags
Click this link to access the Blizzard Bag Site
Testing Info
Ohio Computer Based Assessment and PARCC Assessment practice Tests and information.
Elementary School
Kindergarten Registration will be April 23rd and 24th
District Info > Junior High/High School > Elementary > AFF > Athletics
© 2004 Alexander School District 6091 Ayers Road Albany, Ohio 45710 (740) 698-8831

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acrylic on canvas
original sold
really interesting bit of abstraction! love the textures
thanks, zoe!
– Randi Antonsen
randy-I love this composition! great mix of hard lines and textures!
oops-i mean rand -i !
You have a very distinct style,… I like it a lot!
Thank you for your nice compliment on my work, Mike!
– Randi Antonsen
many thanks! I'm honoured !!
– Randi Antonsen
Lovely work Randi
thank you!
– Randi Antonsen
very very awesome….
Fantastic Randi!
I'm so happy you like it, Susan!
thank you for the features! Much appreciated!


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Moms & BabiesKristen Bell's Sweet & Sporty Bump Style
From jeans paired with sky-high wedge sneakers to pretty shifts in rich colors, the actress opted for comfy yet polished pieces she could easily mix and match
Credit: AKM-GSI
Updated: Thursday Mar 28, 2013 | 06:00 AM EDT By: Shanelle Rein-Olowokere
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I have stayed in this hotel, before, and every time I visit, I am never disappointed. The hotel is ultra modern. The rooms are spacious, luxurious and the bathroom is a sight to behold. The shower products are top notch. The gym/spa are first rate and the lounge in the lobby offers the best drinks with innovative snacks. Location is perfect and the views are spectacular. The staff at the front desk was extremely friendly and helpful and the beds were heavenly. Best sleep I've had in ages. A little bit pricey; but, I would not consider staying anywhere else in Pittsburgh!
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August 2013: BIM, D/B and IPD
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Centennial, Colorado (PRWEB) November 09, 2012
Liteye Systems, Inc. (Centennial, Colorado, USA) and Plextek Limited (Great Chesterford, England) announced today that they have combined their market leading thermal imaging and ground surveillance radar products to target the VIP protection market.
The combination of Plexteks Blighter B202 Mk 2 portable electronic scanning ground surveillance radar (http://www.blighter.com) and Liteyes Aquila PTZ (pan, tilt, zoom) thermal imaging surveillance system (http://www.liteye.com) provides a truly portable, battery powered surveillance solution that delivers a fortress-like ring of security over an area of many hundreds of square kilometres. This mobile solution allows the ring of security to follow the VIP.
Mark Radford, director of the Blighter Group, said: We are delighted to be joining forces with Liteye to target the VIP protection market, which has traditionally been a labour intensive operation with agents, security staff and bodyguards etc. However, the advent of affordable and portable ground movement radar and thermal imaging systems is set to provide a reliable and cost-effective alternative.
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Sterling chooses Nature Nap Oval Cat Bed above all others
July 04, 2009
Sterling prefers West Paw Design beds over the competition's....
AdventuRest Dog Mats make wonderful beds for Older Dogs.
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Abby Louise is a 12 year old Retriever Mix who suffers from arthritis and old bones.
George Woodrow Kipu Culbertson is one handsome Basset Hound...and yes, he's a model too!
April 06, 2009
George loves his super comfortable, new dog bed! Thank goodness it is a big bed, because it looks like George isn't the only one who likes the new bed...


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America's Got Talent 2012 Recap: Vegas Day Two (VIDEOS)
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This post contains The Bachelorette 2012 spoilers about next week's episode. Please stop reading here if you do not want to know what happens!
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The Big Brother 14 premiere is just a few weeks away and we are finally getting a few clues about the new Big Brother 2012 season to come. Although the official Big Brother 14 cast list doesn't come out until July 2nd, we do know that this year's HouseGuests will be packed in to the Big Brother 2012 house like sardines.
So far we have received official Big Brother 14 spoilers that this year there will be more HouseGuests than in any other previous season. Since the top number of HouseGuests in a prior year was 16, that means there will be at least 17 Big Brother 14 HouseGuests.
The Glass House 2012 Recap: Episode 2 – First Elimination!
ABC's The Glass House 2012 is back this week and roaring ahead despite continued nasty accusations from CBS that it is nothing more than a Big Brother clone. After watching The Glass House premiere, I personally found myself kind of bored with the whole thing, but I'm hoping this week's episode will prove more interesting in our The Glass House TV show recap.
If ABC wants The Glass House TV show to stick around for another season, they are going to have to ramp things up. So far, The Glass House 2012 doesn't even deserve to be called a Big Brother clone because it isn't even close to being as engaging as CBS's long-running reality TV show hit.
This post contains The Glass House 2012 spoilers for week 2 of the show. Please stop reading here if you do not want to know what happened or who was eliminated on The Glass House this week.
America's Got Talent 2012 Recap: Vegas Bootcamp (VIDEOS)
The contestants on America's Got Talent 2012 have made it all the way to Vegas, but getting through to the next round is going to be a whole lot tougher. This week will be an America's Got Talent 2012 extravaganza with the show airing Monday, Tuesday AND Wednesday.
On the first episode of America's Got Talent 2012 this week, the contestants arrive in Las Vegas for boot camp with America's Got Talent judges Howard Stern, Howie Mandel, and Sharon Osbourne. Over the next three nights, the judges will make their decisions about who will make it through to the Top 48 and who will be sent home.
This post contains America's Got Talent 2012 spoilers about Monday night's Vegas boot camp episode. Please stop reading if you do not want to know what happened!
The Bachelorette 2012 Emily Maynard: Episode 7 Recap
On The Bachelorette 2012 Monday night, Emily Maynard will finally learn the truth about one of her suitors and the relationship he has been hiding from her. Will it result in him being one of the two guys that will be sent home by Emily Maynard on The Bachelorette 2012 this week?
Read on in our live recap to find out who went home on The Bachelorette 2012 Monday night and who is still in the running to win The Bachelorette Emily Maynard's heart.
This post contains The Bachelorette 2012 spoilers from this week's episode. Please do not read on if you do not want to know what happened or who was eliminated on The Bachelorette 2012 this week!
Jeopardy Host Alex Trebek Recovering After Heart Attack
Jeopardy host Alex Trebek is recovering well after suffering a mild heart attack on Saturday. The 71-year-old game show host is reportedly moving around and doing well enough to be moved out of intensive care. Thankfully, the Alex Trebek heart attack was mild and he is expected to be recovered enough to be released from the hospital soon.
"Alex is up and about and in good spirits while doctors complete their testing at Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute," Sony Television representative Paula Askanas said in a press statement about the scary Alex Trebek heart attack episode.


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1. Roast peppers over an open flame or in broiler, turning frequently, until skins are charred and blistered. Place in a plastic bag; close top and let sit 5 to 10 minutes. Remove skins under running water.
2. Cut peppers in half, lengthwise, holding them over a bowl to catch juice. Remove seeds and stem. Tear or cut lengthwise into strips 1/2 to 1 inch wide. Put in a serving bowl or dish.
3. In a small bowl whisk together pepper juice, olive oil, vinegar, pepper, and garlic. Pour over peppers.
4. Serve immediately or marinate at room temperature for several hours.


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Anthropology at the Edge of Words: Where Poetry and Ethnography Meet
Article first published online: 1 JUN 2010
DOI: 10.1111/j.1548-1409.2010.01049.x
© 2010 by the American Anthropological Association
Anthropology and Humanism
Volume 35, Issue 1, pages 2–19, June 2010
Additional Information
How to Cite
Maynard, K. and Cahnmann-Taylor, M. (2010), Anthropology at the Edge of Words: Where Poetry and Ethnography Meet. Anthropology and Humanism, 35: 2–19. doi: 10.1111/j.1548-1409.2010.01049.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 1 JUN 2010
- Article first published online: 1 JUN 2010
- Abstract
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An esophageal perfusion catheter, having an outer housing, a plurality of flexible, tubular channel members within said outer housing, and at least two spaced balloon members encompassing said catheter. Two of the channel members are in fluid communication with each of two balloons. One of the balloons is about 150 millimeters from the distal end of said catheter and about 75 millimeters from the other balloon. A third of the tubular channel members is an esophageal perfusion aspirating channel and is in communication with a port at the distal end of the catheter. A fourth of the tubular channel members serves as a gastric aspirating channel. A fifth of the tubular channel members serves as an aspirating channel. The sixth channel member, serves as an air vent. The esophageal perfusion aspirating channel has a ID of about 3 millimeters. The gastric aspirating channel has a ID of about 2 millimeters. The two channel members which communicate with the balloons have a ID of about 1 millimeter. The interior space between the outer housing and the channel members can be filled with silicone.
1. An esophageal perfusion catheter, the catheter comprising:
an outer housing,
a plurality of flexible, tubular channel members within said outer housing, at least two spaced balloon members encompassing said catheter,
a first of said tubular channel members being in fluid communication with a first of said at least two balloons, said first balloon being closer to the distal end of said catheter than the second balloon,
a second of said tubular channel members being in fluid communication with a second of said at least two balloons,
a third of said tubular channel members being an esophageal perfusion aspirating channel and being in communication with at least one port, said at least one port being at the distal end of said catheter,
a fourth of said tubular channel members being a gastric aspirating channel, said gastric aspirating channel being in fluid communication with a plurality of ports positioned at the distal end of the catheter,
a fifth of said tubular channel members being an aspirating channel, said fifth channel member being in communication with a port above said second balloon, and
a sixth channel member, said sixth channel member being an air vent and being in fluid communication with a port positioned below and proximate the second balloon.
2. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 1, wherein said esophageal perfusion channel has a ID of about 3 millimeters.
3. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 1, wherein said gastric aspirating channel has a ID of about 2 millimeters.
4. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 1, wherein said first and said second channel members have a ID of about 1 millimeter.
5. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 1, wherein said fifth channel has a ID of about 2 millimeters.
6. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 1, wherein the interior space between said outer housing and said channel members is filled with a flexible polymeric material.
7. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 1, wherein the interior space between said outer housing and said channel members is filled with silicone.
8. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 1, wherein said balloons are spaced apart on the order of about 75 millimeters.
9. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 1, wherein said first balloon is spaced on the order of about 150 millimeters from the distal end of said catheter.
10. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 1, wherein two ports are provided proximate to, and above, said first balloon, said ports being in communication with said third, esophageal perfusion aspirating channel.
11. The esophageal perfusion catheter of claim 10, further comprising a plurality of stop cocks, each channel member being connected to one of said stop cocks.
1. Field of the Invention
Catheter for esophageal perfusion and for the study of human esophageal secretion.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
An insight into the pathogenesis of esophageal diseases, such as reflux esophagitis, esophageal ulcer, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal stricture or esophageal cancer has been hampered by a lack of methodology for the study of esophageal secretory function of esophageal mucosa in health and disease. Therefore knowledge in the area of the esophageal mucosal protective mechanisms, especially in humans has been highly hypothetical.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of catheter of the instant invention;
FIG. 2, is a longitudinal view of the catheter of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3, is a schematic illustration of the catheter as it is used in a human.
The esophageal perfusion catheter of the instant invention includes, an outer housing, a plurality of flexible, tubular channel members within said outer housing and at least two spaced balloon members encompassing said catheter. One of the tubular channel members is in fluid communication with a one of the balloons, and another of the tubular channel members is in fluid communication with the other of the balloons.
A third of tubular channel member serves as an esophageal perfusion aspirating channel and is in fluid communication with at least one port at the distal end of the catheter. A fourth tubular channel member serves as a gastric aspirating channel and is in fluid communication with a plurality of ports positioned at the distal end of the catheter. At the opposite end of the catheter, each channel member is connected to a stop cock, which provides valving between the channel members and the aspirating devices, source of perfusate, collection member for gastric fluid and the like.
A fifth tubular channel member is an aspirating channel, and is in communication with a port above the second balloon. A sixth channel member is an air vent and is in fluid communication with a port positioned just below the upper balloon.
While the exact ID of the channels is not narrowly critical, the size of the esophageal perfusion channel is preferably about 3 millimeters. The esophageal perfusion channel is in fluid communication with two ports proximate to, and above, the first balloon. The gastric aspirating channel has a preferred ID of about 2 millimeters and the balloon inflating channel members have a preferred ID of about 1 millimeter. The gastric aspirating channel and the aspirating channel above the upper balloon have preferred ID's of about 2 millimeters. Preferably, the balloons are spaced apart on the order of about 75 millimeters and the lower balloon is spaced on the order of about 150 millimeters from the distal end of the catheter.
The interior space between the outer housing and the channel members is filled with a flexible polymeric material, preferably silicone.
The catheter of the instant invention is a multichannel catheter equipped with at least two balloons. The balloons which are provided makes the study of the esophageal mucosal secretion technically feasible and adequate. Through modifications, the catheter can be used in the study of the esophageal secretory function both in experimental animals and humans. The catheter design also provides the ability to explore the secretory response of the esophageal mucosa to physiological concentrations of damaging factors such as acid, pepsin, bile acids, etc. playing the major role in the development of esophageal diseases.
The catheter, indicated generally as 10, in FIGS. 1 and 2, is comprised of 6 channels as illustrated in FIG. 1. The largest channel 12 has a 3 mm ID, and serves as a major aspiration channel of the mucosal secretion. Channel 12 can be used both as influx and efflux channel. Another channel 28, serves as the air vent and is has a 1 mm ID. It can also serves as an influx channel for esophageal perfusion or air vent channel if the major 3 mm channel is used both for an influx and an efflux of perfusate. Sideports 16, for these channels are spaced adequately to secure a total recovery of esophageal perfusate or secretion in semirecumbent position of the patient during the procedure. The aspirating channel 14, for aspirating above the upper balloon 32 can have a 2 mm ID. The gastric aspirating channel 15, has an ID of 2 mm and is in fluid communication with the four ports 16, at the tip 34, of the catheter 10.
The other two channels, 22 and 24, are 1 mm ID each, and serve for inflation of upper and the lower balloon, respectively, to the size securing the adequate sealing of 7.5 cm esophageal segment, chosen for the esophageal secretory study. These channels have ports opening to their respective balloons 30 and 32, and otherwise are dead ended. The balloons encompass, encircle, engird the catheter. They each have a length of about 20 mm and are inflatable as required. The balloon are formed from an inflatable material such as latex.
The placement of esophageal catheter in reference to the lower esophageal sphincter can be monitored owing to the catheter scale marked in centimeters. This catheter can serve for the study of the upper, or the lower 7.5 cm segment of esophagus. For the study of the entire esophagus, both balloons can be spaced about 19-20 cm apart. The catheter also lends itself to further modifications, as for example, for the separate study of esophageal secretion of the upper and the lower esophagus by adding one more balloon located above the upper balloon. The distance from the lower end, or distal end of the catheter to the lower balloon can be on the order of about 150 mm, the distance between the upper and lower balloons about 75 mm and the total length of the catheter from the distal end to the upper end, about 1120 mm. Scale marks are provide every 10 cm, starting from the lower end of the lower balloon, with the region between 35 and 45 cm, marked every centimeter.
The next channel 15, with a 1.5 mm ID serves for aspiration of the gastric secretion both before the study and after the esophageal secretion study. Measuring the content of esophageal perfusion marker leaking into the gastric compartment from the sealed esophageal segment will serve for the study of the recovery rate of esophageal perfusate. The last channel 14, is provided with a 1.5 mm ID and serves for the study of esophageal and/or salivary secretion accumulating above the upper balloon.
In summary, the balloon channels 22 and 24 communicate with the balloons 32 and 30, through ports not illustrated. Channel 12 communicates with ports 18 and 19. The aspirating channel 14 communicates with port 20 above the upper balloon. Air vent channel 28 communicates with port 21 just below the upper balloon 32. Gastric aspirating channel 15 communicates with the plurality of ports 16, located at the tip or distal end 34 of the catheter.
The tubes 12, 14, 15, 22, 24, and 28 extend from the upper end 36 of the outer catheter tube 11 and are connected to two or three way stop cocks. The stop cocks are in turn, in communication with aspiration equipment, source of perfusate and the like.
The space between the six tubes which form the channels and the catheter 11, is filled with a silicone polymer 17, or other essentially inert, flexible material. The silicone serve to provide the requisite level of rigidity to the catheter. The typical materials for construction of the catheter are well known in the prior at art. For example, elastomeric materials such as urethane have been used particularly where soft flexible material is required. Tubing materials include an extrudable polyvinyl chloride, medium density polyethylene, polypropylene, high density polyetheylenpolycarbonates and nylon.
The clinical use of esophageal perfusion catheter is schematically illustrated in FIG. 3.
A new experimental model of esophagitis in the cat: The role of esophageal mucus and bicarbonate in mucosal protection against peptic erosion and back-diffusion of hydrogen ion.
While the focus moves from the stomach to the esophagus, the interrelationship between aggressive factors, mainly of gastroduodenal origin, and various protective components that are elaborated within the esophageal mucosa or in the salivary secretion, is discussed.
Aggressive factors can be assembled into three major categories:
I. Gastroduodenal in origin:
1) Originating in the gastric compartment:
A. Hydrochloric acid.
B. Proteolytic activity of pepsins.
C. Potentially damaging but still not adequately explored lysolecithin.
D. Eventually the leukotriens.
2) Duodenal in origin:
A. Trypsin.
B. Bile acids.
C. Still hypothetically phospholipase A2.
II. Exogenous iatrogenic agents:
A. Radiation.
B. Mainly topical irritants, such as: a/NSAIDs, b/steroids, c/quinidine, d/emepronium bromide, e/potassium chloride, f/tetracyclines (etc.).
III. Exogenous non-iatrogenic agents:
A. Corrosives.
B. Alcohol.
C. Infections.
The protective factors combating these aggressive agents can also be divided into three broad categories:
I. Salivary in origin:
1. Confirmed in clinical studies:
A. Bicarbonate.
B. Total buffering capacity,
C. Epidermal growth factor.
2. Hypothetical:
A. Mucus and mucin.
B. Phospholipids.
C. Prostaglandins.
D. Prostacyclines.
II. Originating within the esophageal mucosa:
1. Well established in an experimental setting only:
A. Bicarbonate.
B. Hydrophobic lining of the esophageal mucosa.
C. Intercellular tight junctions.
D. Intercellular sialomucin and lipids.
E. Na+ /H+ antiport.
F. Prolilerative activity of the striatum germinativum.
G. Mucosal blood flow.
2. Hypothetical:
A. Mucus and mucin.
B. Phospholipids.
C. Prostaglandins.
D. Prostacyclines.
E. Leukotriens.
F. Excitatory and inhibitory esophago-salivary reflexes.
III. Extramucosal:
1. Well established in experimental and clinical studies:
A. Adequate basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure.
B. Competence of the lower esophageal sphincter.
C. Adequate amplitude, duration and frequency of primary peristalsis.
D. Well established secondary peristaltic waves.
E. Effective gastric emptying.
There have been numerous studies and many reports on the mechanism of damage to the esophageal mucosa by aggressive agents, but the nature of mucosal protective factors operating at the surface epithelium still remains undetermined. Although the main mechanism and sequence of events leading to gastroesophageal reflux can vary in individual settings, hydrochloric acid and the proteolytically active pepsin are the ultimate aggressive factors damaging the esophageal mucosa.
The damaging role of acid and pepsin in reflux esophagitis has been clearly established but we do not fully understand some of the underlying pathomechanisms. Therefore, as a background to mucosal defense against acid and pepsin is bicarbonate, potentially embedded into the unstirred layer of mucus and facilitating a maintenance of a pH gradient across the mucusbicarbonate complex.
In the past in vivo studies of esophageal mucosa have been limited by an inability to accurately separate the loss of hydrogen ions from the esophageal perfusate due to a back diffusion, from hydrogen ions lost as a result of intraluminal neutralization through the normal secretion of bicarbonate. This phenomenon always compromised the results or such studies. Some of these shortcomings, are addressed in the new model of esophageal perfusion, by using tritium-[3 H]. In the new experimental model it is possible to assess the role of a mucusbicarbonate complex in mucosal protection. As a marker of the damage to esophageal mucosa the concentration of hemoglobin in the esophageal perfusate is utilized.
To this point we have studied five cats. Esophageal perfusion was performed with a specially designed tube with two balloons. One balloon sealed the esophagus proximally just below the upper esophageal sphincter, the other one was located above the lower esophageal sphincter.
Four ports were present, one for each balloon, one for the perfusate and one for confirmation that tritium did not leak into the gastric compartment. The 2 balloons are approximately 11 cm apart.
Using this perfusion device, we were able to modify the perfusate solution. NaCl was used during four 10 min. periods, hydrochloric acid alone or with pepsin during the next four 10 min. periods and again NaCl during the last eight 10 min. experimental periods. In each 10 min. period a fresh perfusate was introduced into the esophageal compartment.
Three different esophagitis models were developed. In a severe chronic esophagitis scenario esophageal ulcers and even strictures develop and this takes approximately two perfusions (with HCl and pepsin) per week for a month. A non-complicated yet chronically inflamed esophagus results from perfusion once a week over a four week period. A self-limiting damage results from one perfusion with recovery over a two week period.
The esophagus was perfused with 0.9% NaCl in a control experiment during 16 consecutive 10 min. periods. In experiments leading to the development or esophagitis the esophageal mucosa was perfused with 0.9% NaCl during first four 10 minutes periods and then 0.5 mg/ml HCl with 0.5 mg/ml of pepsin was substituted for sodium chloride. After four consecutive 10 min. periods of perfusion with HCl-pepsin solution, a perfusion with sodium chloride was reinstalled for the next consecutive eight 10 min. periods. All solutions were equilibrated with tritiated water [3 H]2 O. At the end of each 10 min. period perfusate was recovered and a fresh solution introduced into esophageal compartment.
Back-diffusion of hydrogen ion was measured using a beta scintillation counter. Secretion of esophageal mucus glycoprotein (mucin) was measured by Alcian blue uptake methodology according to Hall et al. (3). as we described previously (4), slightly modified to esophageal perfusate conditions. An Alcian blue uptake was measured at pH 5.8 (for fucomucin), pH 2.5 (for predominantly sialomucin) and at pH 1.0 (for predominantly sulphomucin). The sum of all three mucins was expressed as total mucin. Secretion of bicarbonate was measured by a back-titration method (5,6). The leakage of serum elements was estimated by the measurement of the content of hemoglobin in recovered perfusate by calorimetric method (Sigma Dgn. Kit#527).
Results are presented as a mean value ISD of first four 10 min. periods (1-st 40 min), representing always perfusion with sodium chloride, second four consecutive 10 min. periods (2-nd 40 min) referred to perfusion with NaCl in control study or HCl-pepsin in esophagitis experimental scenario, third and fourth consecutive four 10 min. periods (3-rd and 4-th 40 min) representing perfusion with sodium chloride.
The esophagus in these cats was evaluated by performing endoscopy before each perfusion session in order to assess the base-line conditions. Statistical analysis was evaluated by Student's paired "t" test performed with the "StatSoft" software package.
After long-term perfusion (two perfusions a week for four weeks) animals developed a severe esophagitis with esophageal ulcers located in a lower one/third of esophagus with subsequent stricturing such that a 3 mm diameter remaining would not allow passage of a pediatric endoscope.
The appearance of the esophageal mucosa in an acute perfusion model where perfusion took place for sixteen 10 min. periods and then the animal was sacrificed 40 min. later, is more like the human esophagitis changes with erosions present. This is in contrast the severe stricturing and ulceration previously described.
An exposure of esophageal mucosa to sodium chloride, during 160 min., equilibrated with tritium [3 H], led to a slow, but steady loss of the hydrogen ion (radioactivity) from the lumen at the rate of 15 pEq/cm2 /10 min. Thus, esophageal mucosa does not seem to be a leaky barrier at near neutral pH. 40 minutes of exposure of the same mucosa to 0.15 m HCl with 0.5 mg/ml of pepsin leads to an obvious diffusion of hydrogen ion with a progressive loss of radioactivity of luminal tritium. Actually, the highest rate of the net loss of hydrogen ion from the luminal solution was 19 microEq/10 min./cm2 and was statistically significant (p<0.005). An increase in the permeability of esophageal mucosa was sustained despite withdrawal or HCl/pepsin solution and its substitution with sodium chloride during the next two 40 min. periods. There was, however, a trend towards the gradual resurrection or permselectivity of the esophageal barrier lost during the acid-pepsin perfusion. At the end of an experimental procedure, the permeability barrier was restored in over 91%.
The esophageal mucosal response in terms of bicarbonate secretion was enormous immediately upon beginning the acid-pepsin perfusion. The relative bicarbonate secretion increased from 0.5 basally to almost 350 nEq/10 min./cm2 (p<0.001) when acid-pepsin solution was introduced into esophageal perfusate. The increase in bicarbonate secretion was parallel, in terms of experimental procedure time, to an increase in the rate of hydrogen ion back-diffusion, occurring in the second 40 min period.
The basal rate of bicarbonate secretion in cat esophageal mucosa was approximately 0.5 nEq/cm2/10 min.. The basal rate of hydrogen ion back diffusion was 0.015 nEq/cm2/10 min.. Thus the rate of bicarbonate secretion was 33 times higher than the value of hydrogen ions penetrating the mucosa. The rate of hydrogen ion diffusion into esophageal mucosa during the first 10 min. period of HCl/pepsin perfusion (pH 0.95) reached 1 microEq/cm2 /10 min.. Thus basal secretion of bicarbonate in the esophageal mucosa is inadequate to combat this hydrogen ion diffusing into the esophageal mucosa. In this first 10 min. period of the exposure to the HCl/pepsin solution, however, we immediately observed an approximately 1000-fold increase of esophageal bicarbonate secretion, over the basal rate of bicarbonate generation. This increase, however, was still 50% lower than that which would be required to completely neutralize hydrogen ion. During the next three 10 min. periods the ratio between the rate of bicarbonate secretion and the rate of diffusion of hydrogen ion into the mucosa underwent further deterioration and reached the value 0.02 at the end or 40 min perfusion with HCl-pepsin. This is probably why we observed a progressive damage to the esophageal mucosa resulting in an enormous increase of the content of hemoglobin in our perfusate.
In normal conditions, when sodium chloride was the only constituent of the bathing solution, we observed only trace amounts of hemoglobin in esophageal perfusate. During perfusion with HCl-pepsin, however, the content of hemoglobin dramatically increased (p<0.001). This increase showed a surprisingly fast trend towards normalization, when the acidic perfusate was replaced with saline. Thus, we believe, that an increase in the content of hemoglobin is indicative of a loss of mucosal integrity and that an increase in bicarbonate secretion at the end of HCl-pepsin perfusion was also partly due to the leakage from the serum.
Secretion of esophageal mucus, estimated on a basis of the sum of fucomucin (measured at pH 5.8), sialomucin (measured at pH 2.5), and sulphomucin (at pH 1.0) with Alcian blue uptake methodology in control experiment (saline perfusate) was the highest during the first 40 min. period and reached plateau during the next three consecutive 40 min periods. HCl-pepsin solution, introduced into the esophageal compartment after the first 40 min period, evoked a sustained release of esophageal mucus into the perfusing solution. There was a 2.5 fold increase over the control study in the second 40 min period (p<0.01) and a 2 fold increase during the third 40 min. period (p<0.02).
This increase of the content of esophageal mucus in the bathing solution could be due to an increase of the content of the newly secreted mucus from the mucosal glands and partly due to a proteolytic cleavage of esophageal mucus layer by perfusing pepsin. To confirm this hypothesis we plan to further analyze the macromolecular structure of our recovered mucus from the perfusate. Both mechanisms of mucus release into the bathing solution presumably lead to a decrease of the content of mucosal mucus thus attenuating the esophageal mucosal barrier. In such a way compromised esophageal mucosa might be more susceptible to the damage by hydrogen ion.
The model of experimental esophagitis as a very promising and reliable tool not only for the future study of the pathomechanism of inflammation but also for the investigation of the development of complications such as esophageal ulcer and/or strictures.
Although cat esophageal mucosa represents a tight type of epithelium at neutral pH, at pH 0.95, however, it becomes significantly leaky. The mechanisms of this transfer from the tight to the leaky state under the influence of HCl/pepsin solution remains unknown.
An enormous release of esophageal mucus and bicarbonate during the challenge of esophageal mucosa with HCl and pepsin may indicate their crucial role in esophageal protection.
The measurement of hemoglobin in esophageal perfusate seems to be a good indicator of a serum leakage resulting from the damage of the esophageal mucosa.
The novel esophageal perfusion model, equilibrated with tritium [3 H] is a very convenient method for the simultaneous measurement of a back diffusion of hydrogen ion and secretion of esophageal bicarbonate and is adaptable for use in the human esophagus.
Esophageal perfusion, with a full recovery of esophageal perfusate, seems to represent a very promising approach to the study of biochemical changes reflecting damage by the perfusing compounds to the esophageal mucosa.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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What do you think? Give us your opinion. Anonymous comments allowed.
Reply+1#20 to #11 - RisenLichen ONLINE (09/18/2013) [-]
must be a good book
Reply+9#19 to #11 - infiniteduress (09/18/2013) [-]
Reply0#17 to #11 - articulate ONLINE (09/18/2013) [-]
He just doesn't pull his pants down farther than he needs to so he won't be hindered as much should he be attacked. He's actually a badass.


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OP Junior Member
Thanks Meter: 0
5 posts
Join Date:Joined: Jul 2010
when this happens the phone is unusable since back is constantly clicked. also sometimes the touch seems non-responsive all together.
it comes and goes but and it drives me insane.
I run the latest stock from google.
I wiped the device and the problem immediately reemerged, so I assume it is HW related (Warranty is no more).
I have a replacement digitizer for N4 (only the digirizer part with the chip, not the LCD) and I have a few questions:
1. do you think it is that a digitizer thing?
2. how hard will it be for a very technically capable person with experience in opening and messing with phones but not replacing digitizers to replace the digitizer?


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The bristly head of the Pursonic Deluxe Plus rotates at up to 30,000 strokes per minute to blast away plaque and deep stains without irritating the gums. A built-in two-minute timer ticks off brushing time, and 30-second alerts notify you when to switch to a different corner of the mouth. An attached UV sanitizing chamber stows away up to four brush heads and destroys bacteria to keep bristles cleaner than the pages of a baby's diary.
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Hoaxes Throughout History
Middle Ages • Early Modern • 1700s • 1800-1840s • 1850-1890s
1900s • 1910s • 1920s • 1930s • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990s • 21st Century • 2014
1900s • 1910s • 1920s • 1930s • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990s • 21st Century • 2014
The 'We only use 10% of our brains' myth
In an article in The Atlantic, Sam McDougle traces the origin of the often repeated belief that "you only use 10 percent of your brain." He writes:
"According to Sam Wang, a neuroscientist at Princeton and the author of Welcome to Your Brain, the catalyst may have been the self-help industry. In the early 1900s, William James, one of the most influential thinkers in modern psychology, famously said that humans have unused mental potential. This completely reasonable assertion was later revived, in mangled form, by the writer Lowell Thomas in his foreword to the 1936 self-help bible How To Win Friends And Influence People. "Professor William James of Harvard used to say that the average person develops only 10 percent of his latent mental ability," Thomas wrote. It appears that he, or perhaps someone else in his day, simply plucked the golden number out of the sky."
Although McDougle doesn't mention this, the 10% myth is also often traced back to the work of Karl Lashley in the 1920s. For instance, Dr. Eric Chudler of the University of Washington notes: "Perhaps it was the work of Karl Lashley in the 1920s and 1930s that started it. Lashley removed large areas of the cerebral cortex in rats and found that these animals could still relearn specific tasks."
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New to Chicago, looking to meet new people! I'm an easy going girl looking for someone to spend time with and do all the things Chicago is known for. I hate sitting still and would much rather be doing things. I work out so I can eat (I'm semi serious about that, haha) and have a thousand restaurants on my list to try. I work a lot but I love what I do so it makes it worth it. I'm looking for someone who is similar to me in their compassion for others but also who doesn't take themselves to seriously. After all, who doesn't love to laugh!
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27 • Chicago, IL • Woman
I'm looking for
- Men
- Ages 26–34
- Near me
- Who are single
- For new friends, long-term dating, short-term dating
My details
- Last online
- Oct 7, 2014
- Orientation
- Straight
- Ethnicity
- White
- Height
- 5′ 7″ (1.70m)
- Body type
- Average
- Diet
- —
- Smokes
- No
- Drinks
- Socially
- Drugs
- Never
- Religion
- Christianity
- Sign
- Libra
- Education
- Graduated from med school
- Job
- Student
- Income
- —
- Status
- Single
- Type
- —
- Offspring
- Doesn't have kids
- Pets
- Likes dogs
- Speaks
- English
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My self-summary
Write a little about yourself. Just a paragraph will do.
What I'm doing with my life
Don't overthink this one; tell us what you're doing day-to-day.
Working as a dentist at a hospital in the suburbs, living in the city. Originally from Baltimore.
I'm really good at
Go on, brag a little (or a lot). We won't judge.
Making people smile (what can I say, I love my job!)
Trying new things
Meeting new people
Trying new things
Meeting new people
The first things people usually notice about me
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My smile
Favorite books, movies, shows, music, and food
Help your potential matches find common interests.
Not really a movie buff but do love reading pretty much anything.
It's been fun exploring restaurants since I got here - have loved west loop, any taco ever, pho, Thai, just had my first Korean BBQ
It's been fun exploring restaurants since I got here - have loved west loop, any taco ever, pho, Thai, just had my first Korean BBQ
The six things I could never do without
Think outside the box. Sometimes the little things can say a lot.
Google maps (pure chaos would ensue if google maps didn't work for an hour)
My watch
Rainbow flip flops
My iphone charger
An explorer (bonus points if you get the joke)
My watch
Rainbow flip flops
My iphone charger
An explorer (bonus points if you get the joke)
I spend a lot of time thinking about
Global warming, lunch, or your next vacation… it's all fair game.
Why guys wear cargo shorts when they put nothing in the pockets...
On a typical Friday night I am
Netflix and takeout, or getting your party on — how do you let loose?
Love to try new restaurants so I'm usually exploring but I also love staying in in sweatpants and having a wine and movie night. A good mix is always fun too!
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Ready, Set, After Christmas Shopping!
So did you go out on the hunt for a great bargain after Christmas? What did you get, lights, ornaments, or table deco?
I picked up gift labels which I needed for next year. (Nothing else called to me, buy me, please buy me! Yes, I hear that little voice while I shop. The other voice is the voice of reason says to me, Do you realy need this?) I bought eleven ornaments before December this year & one on clearance last year. I'm always on the hunt for things with birds or acorns now.
What was calling to you, buy me??
I will head out tomorrow as roads should be pretty clear. Down here in eastern NC we have to wait for mother nature to clear our roads - lol There is garland at BigLots that is calling me - they had a lot of it 2 days before Christmas and were closed yesterday due to snow. Our area is pretty rural so I think there will still be some left - if not then I wasn't meant to have it :) I may look for linens - I want some solid colored ones that I can embellish for gifts next year - I am determined this year to do some hand embrodiary on napkins, table runners, ect .....
I wish I had the chance for something to 'Call To Me' ! lol
With the Blizzard we're having, the only thing calling my name is 'Jane - Stay Home'. I'll try to get out tomorrow to visit my DF..don't know if I'll be able to make it to any stores tho..
There was a time that nothing would stop me from going to the Day After sales..but then again, that's before I had so much. I'm like you now, more selective and not buying 'just to buy'.
Hope some others here find some good things to share with us.
I only stopped at Michael's yesterday. They really had most of the shelves cleared of stuff and the rest was very picked over. I bought a pkg. of red cardstock paper--does that count? LOL
Instead of wanting to buy more, I'm really wanting to simplify and maybe get rid of some stuff. I didn't even put out all my Christmas stuff this year--and really didn't miss it! I think that tells me something, right? It's just so hard to pare down when Christmas things are so pretty and cute--or it's something a special someone gave you or something you made yourself, etc.
Our Tai Pan Trading is having 50% off Christmas stuff and they have really nice things--I might just go to look. LOL
Can't wait to see the bargains the rest of you find.
Like Jane, I am snowed in. And like Luvs, I have to pare down and get rid of things. I brought a lot in to my dil and son Cmas Day, serving bowls and platters , all holiday themed. I don't need them, and they were brand new, so they might as well enjoy them! Boxes of new ornaments and decorations too! I won't miss them, and they have a 9 ft huge tree, so there's always a spot for ornaments
The 29th Lupus is coming to pick up for their charity, and I will have a few big bags waiting for them.
That being said, if I get out, I will look, even if I don't buy! You have to look!
Also, on the 23rd I was in Home Goods, and there was very little Cmas, but tons of Valentines things. WS and PBarn outlet, not much and not deeply discounted. Last year, the week before Christmas they had 70% off all holiday. This year, 25!
I live 60 miles from shopping so unless there is alot left when I make it to town I won't be getting any good deals.lol I don't think I really need anything either. Santa was pretty good to me and I need to find places to put all that away first.
My daughter was out before 7am and said there was almost nothing in the stores she stopped in. Pennys, Macys, and Target. Usually makes in a haul in those, and finds stuff she knows I'd like too. There were so many sales before Christmas that it left little for after I guess. I heard Michaels discounted to 70% the week before! I didn't get to go as that was when Dad was in the hospital. Not that I need anything since I left a lot packed this year.
But I'm not ready to start getting rid of anything yet.
With the stress going on, I don't think its a good time to make decisions I might regret. When I unpack next year, I will decide then what I might want to let go.
I know each year means I can do less physically but I'm trying to ignore that fact as long as possible. LOL.
But I really should quit adding to my beloved collections and learn to say "enough". Sometimes I really wish I didn't LOVE Christmas decorations so darn much!
I sure hope some of you found s few good sales. Its too bad stores are ruining that After Christmas fun shopping day for so many. Of course I'm also not happy with their Christmas stuff out before Thanksgiving and sometimes even at Halloween. Drives me nuts, I like things as they "used to be". I don't do change well at times. LOL.
hugs, Karen
I ran around a little on my lunch break yesterday, but there wasn't much left out there. The only place with a large selection was Hancock Fabrics, they have some really nice things and they were 70% off. I may run back today and pick up a couple of tall silver topiaries that keep calling my name. Like Luvs, I really need to thin out, which I don't mind doing, but I still can't stop looking at new things.
It really riles me too that they don't do the deep discounts after Christmas, and that the Christmas stuff is up so early. I use to LOVE strolling the stores for bargains on the day after Christmas, but now I see that some of the stores (Target) don't even have 75% percent; it's still 50%. And just about everyone has Valentine stuff out now. Bah humbug! That's why I leave my stuff up until the MLK holiday.
got the garland from BigLots that I wanted, some flameless candles, two table runners that can also be used other times of the year
at Walmart I got tissue paper in designs that will be good for decoupaging on styrofoam shapes for gifts for next year, tree skirts that can be embellished, a couple more acorn mercury ornaments (love them)
I managed NOT to go to Dollar Tree since I had already picked them over pretty good - NOW I have to find where to store it all - lol ......
Yesterday, I went to Joann's, Home Depot, then back to Joann's. We decided that our tree needed more of the new green; hubby calls it grinch green, and gold, so we went last Wed. and got 36 big balls in those colors. Then yesterday, I got some more red, gold and white ornies, then went to HD, and realized that their items were much more reasonably priced, and got more red and gold, and a couple of glass or shatter proof garlands,(I can't tell the difference!) all MS, and since they had sold all of her glass ornament wreaths, proceeded to buy about 100 ornaments in mixed sizes in red, green, gold, silver and white, so I can make my OWN wreath. We both love Christmas, and although we already have 650 ornies on our tree, we feel the need for more! Who knows, we may be "committed" before we get to put them on next year!!! :-D On Thursday, the HD MS stuff will go from 50% to 75% off, so I may have to go back in. Shhh, don't tell anyone...........
Luvs, I have it posted on the hgtv site where I am also KarenMO, but I haven't figured out posting pics here. I have pics of all our decor, but maybe I'll figure it out soon. I guess I have to start with photobucket, which has never been very user friendly for me, but I'll keep working on it. Have a Blessed New Year.
I got out yesterday with a good friend (another "enabler") & got some bargains...ornies at Target 50% off...which is ok by me...cause I buy some for next Christmas' exchanges. And a plaid cotton tablecloth...which will work for red t'scape, too!
Ohhh, the Christmas dishware killed me...cookie jars, platters, etc. etc. I love my Winterfrost Pfaltzgraf beautiful Christmas dishes so I left them alone...but had to go back later in the afternoon & buy 4 salad plates & 4 soup/cereal bowls...they were called "Birchwood Chalet" holiday 2010..spent $19. I'll post a link...loved them, of course, cause of the simplicity of pine branches & cones...yikes, I'm "jeannespines," remember! T'scape coming soon!
The reason I went bk was meanwhileb at another specialty store I found a beautiful cookie jar ... called Woolrich Winter White...the ladies booth had 50% off everything...so I bought it for $10...thought it would be WONDERFUL with the dishes at Target...so stopped & bought them. But I broke it as I had unloaded to the stairs & knocked over a wonderful "iron" angel I had bought for my gardens...needless to say, I now have a "bowl" ...not a cookie jar! I wanted to cry!
So, that was my after Christmas shopping...exchanged a few things...DH got me new flatware & used it on Christmas & it spottted & changed color in dishwasher (altho said dishwasher safe)...they took it back, no problem & I picked out an Oneida Portfolio "Tortola." ... washed a place setting last night in dishwasher & came out fine....
Ok, I'm rattling on too much...been w/o good Internet contact over the holidays...now is fixed by Qwest & phone lines, too! Happy New Year! Jeanne S.
Here is a link that might be useful: Target Birchwood Chalet
KarenMO, I'm so glad you found us...sounds like you belong here. LOL.
I sure hope you can post photos soon, we NEED to see! ;o)
Sorry Photobucket wasn't friendly for you to use, I absolutely love that place. Once I learned my way around it, their editing tools are so great. Its a good thing they don't limit how many albums I can have, LOL. I've gone crazy with pictures.
Jeanne, I love it when you 'rattle' on. Its almost as good as being able to talk in RL with you. I'm so sorry you broke the cookie jar. I'd have cried for sure. Sounds like you found lots of neat stuff.
I haven't been able to get out, but might be able to Friday as my granddaughter is coming over and hopefully can sit with Dad long enough for me to do something. I doubt anything will be left tho. I'd love to go to Big Lots and find the mercury acorns that I heard were there.
If I'd known, I'd have gone before Christmas to find them!
hugs, Karen
Thanks, PM...here is the cookie jar on e-bay! Well, half of it is left...the bowl part! LOL! Jeanne S.
Here is a link that might be useful: Woolrich Winter White Deer Cookie Jar
check out this fantastic repair makeover job...wow! I've got to keep this info and try it.
Here is a link that might be useful: new life to old nativity
What you call "rattling on," I call excitement. I smiled through the who post.
Love the white cookie jar. I think that will be my focus for this year. White. My eye on white for New Year's 2011. I already started today; two sweet snowmen.
Jeanne, I love it when you tell us all about your shopping trips and finds--not rattling on at all. I'm so sorry about the cookie jar getting broken. It is very pretty and "classic" looking. Those new plates were made especially for you too--just perfect.
Karen, I hope you do get a chance to get out awhile even if all the best stuff is gone--I'm sure something is waiting especially for you. ;o)
Thanks, gals, for your comments ... yup, Karen, the deer did shatter! (& I did almost cry...I was mad at myself for sitting it on the step!) DH knew I felt so bad he cleaned up the tons of pcs (ceramic). Here's the angel that knocked it over...she's cast iron & I love her...got her yesterday 50% at specialty shop...she'll be able to go in my gardens but right now she'll be Winter decor:
Isn't she lovely! Kind of a off white/creamy color. Here's a close-up...she's about 12" tall:
Maybe I'll come across another deer cookie jar! Jeanne S.


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Book your room at Kinderlou Inn
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Hotel in Valdosta with free breakfast and restaurant
Situated in Valdosta, this hotel is 0.9 mi (1.5 km) from Rainwater Conference Center and 2.3 mi (3.8 km) from Valdosta Mall. Valdosta State University and South Georgia Medical Center are also within 6 mi (10 km).
Hotel Features
Along with a restaurant, this hotel has a bar/lounge and a seasonal outdoor pool. Free breakfast and free WiFi in public areas are also provided. Other amenities include conference rooms, laundry facilities, and a 24-hour front desk.
Room Amenities
All 137 rooms provide conveniences like refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and coffee makers. Other amenities available to guests include free weekday newspapers, hair dryers, and ironing boards.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
This Valdosta hotel also offers a seasonal outdoor pool, complimentary newspapers in the lobby, and laundry facilities.
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Free breakfast
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Free use of nearby fitness center
- Bar/lounge
- Restaurant
- Conference space
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- 24-hour front desk
- Laundry facilities
- Total number of rooms - 137
- Free WiFi
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Room Amenities
- Free weekday newspaper
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
A complimentary breakfast is offered.
Kinderlou Inn has a restaurant serving breakfast only.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Braille or raised signage
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Pets allowed, Maximum number of pets per room 2, Pet maximum weight in kg is 18, Pet maximum weight in lb is 40
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Pet fee: USD 25.00 per accommodation, per day
We should mention
Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section).