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Health Topic Center
CBS Miami Health News
- Health Officials: International Traveler Had Measles While In South Florida The Florida Department of Health has confirmed that an international traveler, who attended a conference in Central Florida and spent time in South Florida, had the measles.
- Marlins Stolen-Base Champ Dee Gordon Teams With Blechman Foundation to "Dee-Feat" Parkinson's Dee Gordon is already making an impact in South Florida before starting his first regular season game as the Miami Marlins' new second baseman. After stealing an MLB-leading 64 bases in 2014, the Florida native and arguably the fastest man in...
- Amy's Kitchen Issues Recall Over Listeria Concerns Amy's Kitchen has recalled nearly 74,000 cases of their products over Listeria concerns.
- Florida #2 For Number Of Uninsured In State When it comes residents without health insurance, Florida is number two in the nation. But not in a good way.
- Apple Watch & ResearchKit Raise Privacy Concerns Apple's announcement brought the potential for a healthier future with innovative technology that's guaranteed to take the world by storm for its practicality and it's privacy risks.
- McDonald's To Stop Serving Chicken Raised On Antibiotics A change is on its way to fast food giant McDonald's menu.
- House Panel Approves Miami-Dade Needle Exchange Pilot Program House members began moving forward Wednesday with a renewed effort to approve a pilot needle-exchange program in Miami-Dade County.
- From Virtual To Reality: Life-Saving Trauma Foam It looks like a simple caulking gun. But it's no ordinary tool. "The potential impact is truly revolutionary," says Dr. David King.
- Medicaid Fight May Cost Florida $1 Billion Federal Grant Before the Florida Legislative season has even begun, they may be faced with a challenge to fill a $1 billion hole in the state's health care budget.
- Prescription Costs On The Rise Insurance companies are changing the way you pay for your prescription drugs. In some cases, the idea of a copay is going away.
- "Appetite Pacemaker" May Help Battle Obesity A new tool in the battle against obesity is a device that promises to turn off hunger.
- Mom Not Allowed To Board Flight With Breast Pump An Orlando area mother is speaking out after she was told she would not be able to bring her breast pump on a flight.
- AAP: School Meals Improved, Focus Centers On Packed Lunches For the past 10 years, growing concerns over childhood obesity has paved the way for more nutritious, healthier foods offered to kids at school. But now the American Academy of Pediatrics wants healthy foods to go beyond cafeteria walls, urging...
- Study: Hand Washing Dishes May Reduce Risk Of Allergy Development Dinner is finished and the plates are loaded into the sink—whether you proceed to hand wash or place them in the dishwasher could make a difference in whether or not children develop allergies.
- Report Suggests Trend In Prescription Drug Errors Filled By Pharmacists Anyone who has picked up a prescription knows a pharmacy counter can be a busy place that can sometimes lead to mistakes.


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Just had the most amazing wig party for my Bergen County @mochamoms ... so much love & laughter in one room. Thank you Lord for these ladies
I don't believe that people create their own visions. Rather, I believe that visions are actually God's way of communicating with us.
RT @SwinCash: Great fight by ND! The emotion and joy showed at the final buzzer by Kentucky guys sums up March...Survive & Advance!
RT @SkyDigg4: Good game @NDmbb!!! Proud of yall
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Location: Perfectly located 'En La Frontera' on the border between the popular Poblado and Envigado, this 3 bedroom, ground floor, fully furnished apartment is a great place to submerge into Colombian culture but only be a 10 minute walk from some the best restaurants and bars in Medellin. The leafy complex Villa de Nueva Ayura [...]More Info
AG1104 : Aguacatala Penthouse
This superb penthouse is located in a very convenient location, spread over two levels with an amazing view of Medellin. With bedrooms on separate levels this gives guests the benefit of a shared apartment but with a higher level of privacy at the same time! On the first floor is the social area. The living area, dining room and [...]More Info
PM302 : Eclectic Apartment
The area: The apartment is situated in a really cool part of El Poblado, called Provenza, 5 mins walk from Parque Lleras, otherwise known as the Zona Rosa of Medellin. This area is popular with tourists because it's modern, clean, beautiful and most importantly the safest part of town with the best of everything Medellin [...]More Info
PM301 : Executive Apartment
Stay in the No.1 location in El Poblado, Medellin. Situated 5 mins walk to Parque Lleras, the location is UNBEATABLE. Monthly bookings only. The Area: The apartment is situated in the most exclusive and sought after part of Medellin, just 5-10 mins walk to Parque Lleras, otherwise known as the Zona Rosa or "Soho" of [...]More Info


text: My wife and I booked a room during the Sea Witch Festival with our 70 pound Lab/Shepard mix dog. Check in was easy, and we were supplied with maps, time schedule, etc for the activities planned for the festival. This hotel is very pet friendly, and we were pleased there was no issue on weight limit for our dog. We... More


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Guitar World presents five headphone songs guaranteed to blow your mind.
These rockers weren't called "hair" bands for nothing!
Enter to win a gorgeous new acoustic guitar from D'Angelico and some inspiring new music played on a D'Angelico guitar from Will Dailey!
Stop screwing around! Learn to sweep in the style of Yngwie, Vai, Tosin and more.
Earlier this month at the Guitar World Roast of Zakk Wylde, Revolver TV was on hand to talk to all the stars as they made their way down the Red Carpet. Check out the video below for exclusive interviews with Slayer's Kerry King, Anthrax's Scott Ian, Slipknot vocalist Corey Taylor, Duff McKagan and more!
Here's some video of Sebastian Bach and Steve Stevens performing the Billy Idol track "Rebel Yell" (which featured Stevens on guitar, of course) this past Saturday night at the Iridium in New York City.
It wasn't too long ago, but hey, it's fun to reminisce. Here is this week's gallery of Guitar World issues past.
In the following video, Michigan's Pop Evil show you how to play one of the hit singles off their latest album, War of Angesl, titled "Monster You Made." The track is tuned a half step down with the low E string dropped to C#.
As previously reported, Neil Young recently revealed that he was writing a new album with his longtime backing band Crazy Horse.
Less than a week after the release of their new album and Lamb of God have made it to the small string.
Former Beatles drummer Ringo Starr is now streaming his latest solo record, titled Ringo 2012, in full online. You can listen to the album here courtesy of NME.
Speaking to Radio Metal recently, the Red Rocker got his chance to share his thoughts on the new Van Halen record, and sound off about whether VH or Chickenfoot are the reigning four-piece rock band of today.
Guns N' Roses have announced a series of shows for the Northeast, including three intimate gigs in New York City during Fashion Week. One of the shows will take place at NYC's Webster Hall, formerly known as the Ritz, the site of one of GNR's most famous early shows.
You know the drill by now. Van Halen have posted another sample clip of a new song -- this one featuring 90 seconds of "She's The Woman" -- and you can hear it below.
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CALDWELL, Idaho — A southwest Idaho man accused of offering money for the murder of his ex-girlfriend but who pleaded guilty to a reduced charge of solicitation to commit aggravated battery has been sentenced.
The Idaho Statesman reports (http://bit.ly/1F50I5r) that 21-year-old Kenneth O'Brien of Nampa on Tuesday received a withheld judgment and was placed on probation for a year and five months.
He received the sentence in 3rd District Court.
O'Brien said he was only joking about the murder but acknowledged making the statement several times.
Police say they found a 9 mm handgun and a 12-gauge shotgun at his residence.
Information from: Idaho Statesman, http://www.idahostatesman.com
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MINI USA July Sales: The F56 Picks up Steam
The F56 is now officially killing it in terms of sales year over year in the all important US market. For months we've been waiting for a sales month that saw a full availability of the F56 at dealers. And while lots are still a little thinner than some would like, there's clearly enough availability to sell more hardtops than last year. And that's without the massive incentives that we saw throughout the R56's model runout. However not all is well in the MINI range.
Click through for the full sales picture.
While the F56 is doing well, the R5X models have all fallen off the sales cliff. The Clubman is down almost 50% with the Coupe and Roadster down 62% and 37% respectively. Furthermore the Paceman is also struggling to catch-on with yet another less than stellar month.
All told the numbers remain rather flat compared to last year. For July, MINI USA sold a total 5,811 automobiles, a decrease of 2.3 percent from the 5,950 sold in the same month a year ago. Year-to-date, MINI USA reported a sales total of 29,963 automobiles, a decrease of 21.8 percent from the 38,306 automobiles sold in the first seven months of 2013.
Written By: Gabe
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Newly elected lawmakers stand while the national anthem is being played.
© Kostyantyn Chernichkin
The Voice of Russia: Ukraine's Communist Party plans to start collection of signatures
CPU: Ukraine should call referendum on Customs Union accession
Morning sitting of parliament closed, Rada leaders to be elected at evening sitting
Yanukovych hopes Rada to appoint presidium and new premier at first sitting
Verkhovna Rada of 7th convocation holds first formal sitting
Svoboda party would like to propose its candidate as Rada vice speaker
Batkivschyna's faction in new Rada to elect its leadership on Dec. 10
Rada registers bill to consider state budget 2013 by new parliament
Cabinet proposes Rada increase 2013 state budget deficit by 30%
PACE to discuss final report by observation mission to Rada elections on Nov. 30
Heads of two out of six DTEK coalmining enterprises enter Verkhovna Rada
Rada sets fines for refusal to provide jobs to disabled people
Rada okays bill on liberalization of Ukraine's energy market at first reading
Rada passes law on biometric passports with president's proposals
Source: Rada to consider president's proposals to law on biometric passports
Deputy Oleksandr Yefremov, who is presiding at the opening session of the Verkhovna Rada of the seventh convocation, has named the parliamentary factions.
In particular, the Verkhovna Rada faction registered the Regions Party faction of 210 MPs. Yefremov was elected the head of the faction.
The faction of the Batkivschyna United Opposition includes 99 MPs. The head of the faction is Arseniy Yatseniuk, and his deputies are Serhiy Sobolev, Dmytro Shlemko, Viacheslav Kyrylenko, Borys Tarasiuk, Serhiy Sas, Andriy Ivanchuk, and Serhiy Pashynsky.
The parliament also registered the UDAR Party faction of 42 deputies. The head of the faction is Vitali Klitschko, and his deputies are Viktor Pynzenyk and Vitaliy Kovalchuk.
The Svoboda Party faction includes 37 MPs. The head of the faction is Oleh Tiahnybok, and his deputies are Andriy Mokhnyk and Ruslan Koshulynsky.
The faction of the Ukrainian Communist Party includes 33 MPs. It is headed by Petro Symonenko, and the deputy heads of the faction are Adam Martyniuk and Valentyn Matveyev.
Only 445 MPs were elected to the Verkhovna Rada. The results of parliamentary elections in five single-seat constituencies were declared invalid.
Poroshenko: NSDC to expand sanctions against Russians involved in Crimea occupation, Donbas aggression
Poroshenko says transparent state property management is crucial for investment
New UK Ambassador to Ukraine Judith Gough to arrive in Kyiv in September
Poroshenko signs decree on composition of Constitutional commission
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sunday picnic framed prints, nostalic victorian framed prints, old dresses framed prints, summer dresses framed prints, hats framed prints, boy with dog framed prints, girl framed prints, sunday at park framed prints, family picnic framed prints, mohawk park framed prints
Fine Art America offers over 250 different frames at wholesale prices.
Fine Art America is one of the largest, most-respected custom framers in the world. We stock over 250 different frames which can be used to create museum-quality masterpieces from any print. All framed prints are assembled, packaged, and shipped by our expert framing staff within 3 - 4 business days and arrive "ready to hang" with pre-attached hanging wire, mounting hooks, and nails. Our wholesale buying power allows us to offer frame prices which are typically 25 - 40% less than retail frame shops.
Time was when life was slower, Sunday was a special family day in the victorian era of 1800, people would put on their best outfits, men their suites and bowler hats, ladies their finest hats and summer dresses. Picnic baskets held delicious lunches and all would ride the trolley to the park. Boys and girls, toys in hand, could hardly wait to run and play in the woods or sail their model boats on the nearby pond. As evening came all would again get on the tram for a return trip to the city and dream of the next big day at the park. This was life back then, well we would like to think so anyway. I did this painting for the 100 anniversaty of Mohawk Park, one of our city's finest.
CHECK OUT SwansonArt Originals LATEST SALE Please VOTE for your favorite images, it helps sales. Thanks ___________________________________________________ "Oil paint is sensuous and I find it highly seductive." I prefer to focus on the positive things in life, my paintings reflect the world I live in or want to live in. Whatever our purpose on this planet I cannot fathom and therefore paint what I can relate to, what I see and what makes me happy. Ideals are like stars; you will not succeed in touching them. But like seafaring men, you choose their luminance and follow them to reach your destiny. Oil paint is sensuous and I find it highly seductive. Like having a mistress; endlessly fascinating, but eternally...
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poor blooming False Indigo
I was just doing some research for False Indigo and discovered pictures just filled with flowers. My False Indigo has never really been a big bloomer. It gets 5 to 8 strands of blooms per year---nothing like the pictures I see from people's gardens. I love the plant anyway for the great foiliage. I was just wondering why my false indigo doesn't seem to produce the massive blooming others get. It's in a very sunny location and is very healthy. From what I'm reading, they don't like to be moved. Is it because I don't cut off faded blooms? From my experience with other plants, cutting off blooms just extends blooming but doesn't produce higher blooming. The pictures I see have full bloom EVERYWHERE. Anyone have any ideas?
Mine was put in the ground last year after it's bloom session and did give me some blooms this year. Not a huge amount. Was just thinking that it was because it was in it's sleep year.
Mine also in a very sunny location and healthy. Guess I'll have to wait til next year to see if it does the same as yours.
In our area we had a lot of cold weather and a lot of bad frosts late in the season. It affected so many of my perennials this year, that I'm wondering about the lack of blooms on all my flowers this season.
I'm hoping mine does better next year. It's the first year blooming but the second in the garden. I have "Purple Smoke", so you would hope it has a consistent performance since it's grown by cuttings right?
The foliage is nice... but I have plenty of foliage already, I want blooms! LOL
I got my False Indigo from a friend - it was one of many seedlings she had around a beautiful blooming specimen. This is its third year and I have yet to see it bloom, either. If it doesn't do anything next year it will be compost! I had such high hopes as my friends' plant was such a prolific bloomer. I tried to mimic the conditions hers were in (sunny, rich soil, etc.) but to no avail. Perhaps it's just slow to establish?
floragal~ Yours doesn't bloom at all? I don't know if this matters but in my researching my problem, it says that false indigo like poor soil. Mine's blooming--just not much.
katybird~ This is it's 3rd year. I like the seed pods too. I like the foilage too--I might actually make more of it from cuttings so I can have more of the foilage. It would just be nice to have LOTS of those pretty flowers.
kato~ You'd think a cutting would produce the same bush. I was going to try cutting because they apparently dont' like being divided (which I find to be an annoying trait for a perrenial!)
murial~ You bring up a good point. Perhaps it's our weather. Maybe all these pictures we see are of plants in the south. But then again, we have friends who have false indigo with LOTS of blooms right here in PA.
On another blue indigo note, I read that not only do they not like being divided, but they don't like being moved! Has anyone ever moved their false indigo? I'd like to move mine because it's just too big for where it's at right now.
I understand that they have long taproots. That would explain the aversion to moving and poor response with division.
If it was me and I really wanted to move it, I wouldn't hesistate. Just dig deep! And if it dies in the transplantation... well, I didn't want it in that other spot anyway, so at least it isn't there anymore! (Then decide on whether to try another).
Anyhow, I have one in its second year, and it looked like it was going to bloom nicely... before the *@#$ !! dogs rampaged through that bed and broke the stems off. It is on east side of house, 1/2 day sun, decent soil.
I'm looking forward to next year... it won't fall victim to the dogs again!! Muuuwwuhhaahahah!!!
(Actually, nothing evil -- just relocated their underground fence so that bed is off limits. Bad enough I have to battle weather, rabbits, moles, beetles, fungus and weeds... I don't need my own beasts making matters worse!)


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FX announces new comedy FXX channel; Upgrades "Totally Biased" to weeknights
Look out, Comedy Central and IFC. Watch it, Leno, Letterman, Kimmel and Conan. FX officially is slicing right... Read More »
Look out, Comedy Central and IFC. Watch it, Leno, Letterman, Kimmel and Conan. FX officially is slicing right... Read More »
Hey, comedy fans! I thought I'd roll out a new weekly feature to improve The Comic's Comic's comedy... Read More »
Have you ever looked at YouTube and seen people you've never heard of rack up millions of views... Read More »
A new season of SNL also brings other comedians out of the woodwork to say, "Hey, I did... Read More »
Over the summer, Gary Rudoren (co-author of Comedy By The Numbers) told me he had a brilliant idea... Read More »
As the 2011 New York Television Festival hits its own homestretch this weekend, it has announced a new... Read More »
Spotted in Hollywood, Calif., by noted Internet person Alex Blagg, who quipped: "This guy definitely managed to make... Read More »
Living in New York City, it's difficult to get through a September 11 without thinking about what happened... Read More »
The Upright Citizens Brigade opened its third full-time comedy theater on Tuesday night -- its second in Manhattan... Read More »
Jon Rineman not only works on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon as a writer, but he's also received... Read More »


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Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
hiv anal sex condom brokeI just recently had anal sex where I was the bottom and I didnt realize the condom had broke until the top pulled out. but by then he had already cum. I'm not sure if the top is pos or neg but he claims to be neg (last tested 4 months ago). What...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...Hello,The CDC estimates the per-act risk for acquiring HIV from unprotected (or broken-condom) receptive anal sex with a partner confirmed to be HIV positive is 5 per 1,000 exposures. Of course there are many confounding variables that can Read more »
Natural Lambskin Condoms on HIV-- for anal sexWhile recently discussing Safer Sex with some friends, a person suggest the use of a natural... Read more »
% of MSM HIV transmission from protected anal sex magnetic coupleHey Dr. BobThanks for all your great work! I'm in a magnetic relationship, and I was just curious... Read more »
Female Condoms Prevent HIV, So Why Aren't They Marketed to Gay and Bi Men?...articulating their feelings about it. Gordon encourages them to speak candidly about their practices, which for many include anal sex. Recently Gordon decided to conduct an informal experiment. Actually, more of an "I wonder what would happen... Read more »
Men Using Condoms During Anal Sex -- Women Aren't: Health Department... Just 23 percent of New York City women who had anal sex with men in the past year reported always using condoms, a recent city Department of Health and Mental Hygiene report found. Read more »
New HIV Risk Estimates Are In: Anal Versus Vaginal Sex...is what a group of British researchers did recently for the age-old question: When it comes to HIV/AIDS, how much riskier is anal sex than vaginal sex? Researchers from Imperial College and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine did... Read more »
Safety and Acceptability of the Reality Condom for Anal Sex Among Men Who Have Sex With Men...to identify safe and acceptable alternatives to the male condom and the limited safety data available for Reality condoms for anal sex, the present study compares Reality and male latex condoms for anal sex with respect to safety (breakage,... Read more »
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effects of anal sex???
Posted by Anonymous, 4 Replies...Hi, I have never been on this site before but my boyfriend and I of a little over a year resently tried anal sex....Every thing was fine untill i whent to the bath room to clean up when i found a small amount of blood (you know were) and Read more »
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Today is World Water Day! It's an initiative by the United Nations to celebrate clean water and bring attention to those who don't have enough of it.
Why has water such an importance in our life?
If we look at the ingredients of life, we realize that the human being is just a product of the five elements, so is the planet, so is the whole creation. 72% of our body is water, just like the planet is made of 72% water. If you have the ability to control the water in your system, phenomenal things can happen.
A lot of research has gone into water and today modern science has recognized that water has a memory and responds to your emotions. So if we treat water with positive emotions, it will respond a certain way and if we treat it with negative emotions, it actually remembers and can cause damage to our system.
So how much water should you drink each day?
There are varying recommendations and the right answer depends on many factors including how active you are, your health and where you live. Some say you should have eight 8oz cups of water, others recommend drinking half your body weight (in pounds) in ounces of water, so if you weigh for example 150 pounds, you should drink 75oz of water a day.
To make water a little more interesting, add lemon to it. I start every day with a cup of lemon water to alkalize my body. And as a side effect, I use the lemon to decalcify my faucets. Lemon has a wide variety of health benefits, but what amazes me the most is that it can detoxify the liver by stimulating it, liquefying the bile and dissolving uric acid and other poisons.
Make sure you drink enough water today and treat it with respect!
Happy World Water Day!


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Waste and Biomass Valorization
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Raw video taken in Imperial, California, shows a military jet crash in a quiet residential neighborhood. Watch the video here.
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Social media pictures of the shooter who killed three people plus himself in the April 2 rampage show a family man and soldier whose fun-loving smile belies his troubled mind.
On his Facebook page, Hassan wished goodbye to his friends as he prepared to die in jihad.


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Page 1
Frontal and temporal volumes in children with epilepsy
Melita Daleya,*, Jennifer Levitta, Prabha Siddartha, Elizabeth Morminoa,
Cornelius Hojatkashania, Suresh Gurbanib,c, W. Donald Shieldsd,e,
Raman Sankard,e, Arthur Togad, Rochelle Caplana
aDepartment of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
bDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
cDepartment of Neurology, Kaiser-Permanente, Los Angeles, USA
dDepartment of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
eDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Received 26 September 2006; revised 14 January 2007; accepted 14 February 2007
Available online 26 March 2007
This study examined if children with cryptogenic epilepsy and complex partial seizures (CPS) have smaller total brain, frontal, and
temporal lobe volumes than normal children and how this is related to seizure, cognitive, psychiatric, and demographic variables. Forty-
four children with CPS and 38 normal children, aged 5–16 years, underwent brain MRI scans at 1.5 T. Tissue was segmented, and total
brain, frontal lobe, frontal parcellation, and temporal lobe volumes were computed. Other than significantly larger temporal lobe white
matter volumes in the CPS group, there were no significant differences in brain volumes between the CPS and normal groups. Earlier
onset, longer duration of illness, younger chronological age, and presence of a psychiatric diagnosis were significantly related to smaller
frontotemporal volumes in subjects with CPS. Although these findings suggest that CPS might affect development of the temporal and
frontal regions, we are unable to rule out the possibility that smaller frontotemporal volumes might predispose children to CPS. These
findings highlight the need to control for seizure, cognitive, psychiatric, and demographic variables in studies of frontotemporal volumes
in pediatric CPS.
? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Childhood; Complex partial seizures; Frontal lobe; Temporal lobe; Magnetic resonance imaging
1. Introduction
Volumetric studies in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy
demonstrate reduced total brain volumes [1–4], total gray
matter and white matter volumes [5,6], bilateral frontopa-
rietal volumes [7], and white matter volumes of frontal,
temporal, and parietal lobes [3,8]. Although lateralization
of the seizure focus is unrelated to the severity of white
matter volume reduction in temporal, frontal, and parietal
regions [3], there is a more widespread decrease in neocor-
tical gray matter concentration in frontal, parietal, and
occipital regions in patients with left compared with right
adult temporal lobe epilepsy [9]. Earlier onset and longer
duration of temporal lobe epilepsy are also related to smal-
ler total brain [3,10], white matter [3,11], and gray matter
[1] volumes, as well as to smaller gray matter volumes of
frontoparietal regions [9].
The few volumetric studies conducted in childhood epi-
lepsy describe significantly reduced total volume in children
with intractable and medically controlled epilepsy, com-
pared with normal children, and in children with frontal
lobe epilepsy contrasted to those with temporal lobe epi-
lepsy [12,13]. Age at onset, duration of illness, prior status
epilepticus but not simple febrile convulsions, and antiepi-
leptic drug (AED) therapy (e.g., number, type) were related
1525-5050/$ - see front matter ? 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
*Corresponding author. Address: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and
Human Behavior, UCLA, Child Division, Room 48-263, 760 Westwood
Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1759, USA.
E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (M. Daley).
Epilepsy & Behavior 10 (2007) 470–476
Page 2
to the severity of cerebral volume reduction in these chil-
dren [13]. However, there was no significant reduction in
gray and white matter volumes of children with new-onset
epilepsy versus sibling controls [14].
Based on the previously reviewed findings [4,5,7,8,10,
11,13,15,16], the study presented here determined if
children with cryptogenic epilepsy who had complex partial
seizures (CPS), no structural brain abnormalities, and
varying degrees of seizure control have smaller total and
cerebral white and gray matter volumes, as well as smaller
frontal and temporal lobe volumes, compared with normal
children. Also examined was whether children with earlier
onset, longer duration, increased seizure frequency, more
AEDs, left lateralized EEG findings, and a history of
prolonged seizures and/or febrile convulsions have smaller
volumes than those with later onset, shorter duration,
lower seizure frequency, fewer AEDs, right lateralized
EEG findings, and no prolonged seizures or febrile
We determined if the predicted findings were related to
IQ because total gray matter volume [17], as well as total
and gray matter volumes in the prefrontal region [18], cor-
relate positively with IQ in normal children. In addition,
moderate to severe intellectual disability is associated with
reduced cerebral volume in medically intractable pediatric
epilepsy [13,16].
From the developmental perspective, there is a signifi-
cant nonlinear decline in gray matter density that is most
rapid over dorsal frontal and parietal association cortices
between ages 7 and 60 [19]. With maturation, the decrease
in gray matter volume progresses in a back-to-front wave
through adolescence [20]. White matter volume and
myelination, however, increase with age in the left inferior
frontal gyrus in boys [21] and in the frontal lobe of 5- to 17-
year-old youths [18,19]. Irrespective of age, boys have
larger volumes than girls [22–24].
To examine how CPS are related to brain development,
we also compared the association of age, IQ, and gender
with total brain and frontotemporal volumes in the CPS
and normal groups. Because of the high rate of psychopa-
thology in pediatric epilepsy [25–30] and the association of
psychopathology with volume abnormalities in children
without epilepsy [31–33], we explored if the predicted
findings were also related to the presence of a psychiatric
diagnosis in these children.
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
The study included 44 children with cryptogenic epilepsy, all of whom
had CPS, and 38 children without epilepsy, aged 5–16. Table 1 summarizes
the demographics, cognitive features, and perinatal complications of the
children in the study. As evident from this table, the normal group had sig-
nificantly higher IQ scores and more children from families of higher
socioeconomic status based on the Hollingshead 2 factor index [34]
derived from both parent occupational and educational status. Perinatal
data on number of pregnancies and delivery complications were collected
from the children's mothers using a questionnaire modified from the Yale
Neuropsycho-educational Assessment Scales [35].
Subjects were included in the study if they had a diagnosis of crypto-
genic epilepsy and CPS, as defined by the International Classification of
Epilepsy [36], and at least one seizure during the year prior to the child's
participation in the study. We also included children with a clinical history
of CPS with and without EEG evidence of focal epileptic activity. The
patients did not have EEG studies at the time of the study, and the clas-
sification was based on clinical history and past EEG records. We
excluded patients with a mixed seizure disorder, a neurological disorder
other than CPS, a metabolic disorder, a hearing disorder, past epilepsy
surgery, and a structural MRI abnormality, but not those with mesial
temporal sclerosis.
We recruited 36% of the patients with CPS from tertiary centers (e.g.,
UCLA Pediatric Neurology Services, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles)
and 64% from the community (e.g., Kaiser Sunset, Kaiser—Orange
County, private pediatric neurologists, Los Angeles and San Diego
branches of the Epilepsy Foundation). The primary pediatric neurologist
at each site reviewed the clinical history, EEG records, and diagnoses of
potential study subjects and referred them for the study irrespective of
their psychiatric history. Table 2 summarizes information on seizure
frequency during the past year, current AEDs, age at onset of seizures,
duration of illness, number of simple febrile convulsions, and number of
prolonged seizures (i.e., >5 minutes) obtained from the parents and the
child's medical records.
Table 1
Demographic features of study groups
CPS groupNormal group
Socioeconomic statusa
High (i–iii)
Low (iv, v)
Full Scale IQb
Perinatal problems
10.2 (2.58)
10.8 (2.24)
93 (5.38)
116 (13.88)
av2(1) = 4.30, P < 0.04.
bt(80) = 6.93, P < 0.0001.
Table 2
Seizure-related variables for the CPS group
Seizure frequency
Age at onset
Duration of epilepsy (years)
6.6 (3.24)
3.4 (2.52)
Prolonged seizures
Febrile seizures
M. Daley et al. / Epilepsy & Behavior 10 (2007) 470–476
Page 3
The classification for the lateralization and localization analyses was
based on a single EEG study conducted at the time of the child's diagnosis
of epilepsy and not at the time of the study. Of the 44 patients with CPS,
10 had nonlateralized EEG findings, 11 had a left focus, 8 a right focus,
and 13 bilateral foci. EEGs were unavailable for 2 patients with CPS.
Regarding focal EEG findings, 6 patients had no focal findings; 14 had
interictal spikes in the temporal lobe, 13 in the frontal and temporal lobe,
and 9 in other areas; 2 patients had secondary generalization; and 8 had
background slowing.
We enrolled the control subjects without epilepsy from four public and
two private schools in the Los Angeles community after screening for
neurological, psychiatric, language, and hearing disorders through a
telephone conversation with a parent. We excluded from the study
children who had manifested symptoms of these disorders in the past.
2.2. Procedures
This study was conducted in accordance with the policies of the
Human Subjects Protection Committees of the University of California,
Los Angeles. Informed assents and consents were obtained from all
subjects and their parents, respectively.
2.3. Magnetic resonance imaging
2.3.1. Acquisition
All subjects completed MRI scanning on a 1.5-T GE Signa magnetic
resonance imaging scanner (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI,
USA). The imaging acquisition protocol used to obtain high-resolution
three-dimensional (3D) T1 weighted spoiled grass (SPGR) sequences
included a sagittal plane acquisition with slice thickness of 1.2 mm, repe-
tition time of 24 ms, echo time of 9 ms, flip angle of 22?, acquisition matrix
of 256 · 192, FOV 24, and two excitations.
2.3.2. Image preprocessing
Initially,potentialfluctuations in signal resulting frommagnetic field inhomo-
automated brain extraction program (BET) was used to create a brain mask
mask was manually modified to ensure accurate separation of tissues. The
automated tissue classification method of Shattuck et al. [38] was then used
to segment the scans by tissue types to create gray matter, white matter, and
cerebrospinal fluid masks. The total intracranial volume was then automati-
cally computed by summing the volumes of these masks.
2.3.3. Cortical object model methods
184.108.40.206. Prefrontal cortex delineation. The protocol for subparcellating the
prefrontal cortex, described in detail in Blanton et al. [21], can be viewed at
html. Briefly, by use of the cortical object model and all three viewing
planes on the T1 weighted slices, the prefrontal cortex is subparcellated
into the following regions of interest (Fig. 1).
184.108.40.206.1. Inferior frontal gyrus. The inferior frontal gyrus is traced
in the axial plane. This region is defined as the cortex anterior to the
precentral sulcus, inferior to the inferior frontal sulcus, and superior and
posterior to the lateral orbital sulcus.
Tracing begins on the most superior axial slice in which the inferior
frontal sulcus can be delineated or where the pars orbitalis appears. Trac-
ing ends in the most inferior axial section in which the inferior frontal
gyrus can be distinguished, using the lateral orbital sulcus (on the object
model) as the inferior boundary.
220.127.116.11.2. Dorsolateral frontal cortex/middle frontal gyrus. Traced in the
axial plane, the middle frontal gyrus is defined as cortex anterior to the
precentral sulcus, inferior and posterior to the superior frontal sulcus,
superior and anterior to the inferior frontal sulcus, and superior and pos-
terior to the frontal marginal sulcus. Tracing begins on the most superior
axial slice in which the middle frontal gyrus can be delineated. As the oper-
ator moves inferiorly, the inferior frontal sulcus replaces the precentral
sulcus as the inferior boundary, at the point where the precentral sulcus
and inferior frontal sulcus intersect on the object model. The operator
continues to move inferiorly, using the lateral orbital sulcus (on the object
model) as the inferior boundary of the middle frontal gyrus.
126.96.36.199.3. Dorsolateral frontal cortex/superior frontal gyrus. The supe-
rior frontal gyrus is defined as cortex anterior to the precentral sulcus
and superior to the superior frontal sulcus. The object model is used to
establish this region's most posterior boundary, the precentral sulcus.
Tracing begins on the most superior axial slice where the precentral sulcus
can be distinguished. The frontal marginal sulcus delineates the inferior
boundary of the superior frontal gyrus.
22.214.171.124.4. Orbital frontal cortex. The orbital frontal gyrus is defined as
the cortex inferior to the frontal marginal sulcus, inferior and anterior to
the lateral orbital sulcus, and lateral to the olfactory sulcus. The circular
insular sulcus serves as the most posterior boundary of the orbital frontal
gyrus, which is best seen in the sagittal plane.
Fig. 1. Right: Magnetic resonance image of prefrontal cortex. Left: Three-dimensional cortical object model displaying frontal lobe regions: inferior
frontal cortex in purple, middle frontal cortex in pink, superior frontal cortex in blue, and orbital frontal cortex in green.
M. Daley et al. / Epilepsy & Behavior 10 (2007) 470–476
Page 4
The coronal view is used to include radial white matter for the inferior
frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. The sagit-
tal view is used to include radial white matter for the orbital frontal gyrus.
Deep white matter, the anterior cingulate gyrus, and gyrus rectus are not
included in these drawings.
220.127.116.11. Temporal lobe delineation. In similar fashion, using all three view-
ing planes and the cortical object model, the temporal lobe is drawn in the
sagittal plane with the following boundaries: The temporal lobe is defined
as the cortex inferior to the sylvian fissure, anterior to the lateral parieto-
temporal and temporo-occipital lines, and superior and anterior to the col-
lateral sulcus and posterior transverse collateral sulcus. The operator
includes the amygdala and the hippocampus but excludes the insular
18.104.22.168. Reliability. The drawings were performed by one rater and
checked by a second rater, both without knowledge of the children's diag-
nosis. A consensus drawing was then determined by agreement of the two
raters about the boundaries of the regions of interest. The rater delineated
the region of interest on the left hemisphere of 10 brains, and interclass
correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated between these delineations
and the gold standard. A rater was deemed reliable after achieving an
ICC of 0.9 or higher. On brain regions examined in this study, the ICCs
were 0.94 for inferior frontal cortex, 0.96 for middle frontal cortex, 0.95
for orbital frontal cortex, 0.90 for superior frontal cortex, and 0.94 for
temporal lobe, with an interrater reliability of 0.9.
2.4. Cognition
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC-III) [39],
administered to the children, generated Full Scale, Verbal, and Perfor-
mance IQ scores.
2.5. Psychopathology
The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-
Age Children, Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) [40], was
administered separately to each child and parent by R.C. or a research
assistant trained in the administration of the interview. Because the child
or parent often talks about the child's seizures during the interview, these
interviewers were not blinded with respect to the child's seizure disorder
(i.e., presence or absence, type). A second clinician reviewed videotapes
of the child interviews and audiotapes of the parent interviews, and a con-
sensus DSM-IV [41] diagnosis was reached. Where a diagnostic consensus
was not reached, the child was excluded from the study.
Given the large number of diagnoses relative to the number of subjects
in each diagnostic group, we grouped the diagnoses as follows: ''affective/
anxiety'' disorders included any mood or anxiety disorder, and ''disrup-
tive'' disorders included attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Children with a
''comorbid'' diagnosis had both ''affective/anxiety'' and ''disruptive''
2.6. Data analysis
We compared total brain, gray matter, and white matter volumes
between the CPS and normal groups using ANCOVAs. To compare fron-
tal and temporal gray and white matter volumes in the CPS and normal
groups, we estimated mixed models using repeated measures with group
(CPS, normal) as the intersubject and hemisphere (left, right) as the intra-
subject classification variable for inferior frontal, orbital frontal, dorsolat-
eral prefrontal (sum of dorsolateral superior and middle frontal cortex),
and temporal lobes separately. Demographic (i.e., age, gender, socioeco-
nomic status, ethnicity) and cognitive (Full Scale IQ) variables were used
as covariates in all these analyses. Total brain volume was also included as
a covariate for all analyses of volumes other than total brain volume. All
tests were two-tailed, and an a level of 0.05 was adopted for all inferences.
Within the CPS group, we examined the relationship of volumes to sei-
zure, cognitive, and perinatal variables (i.e., delivery problems, pregnancy
problems). First, to reduce the number of seizure-related variables to
include in the analyses, a principal component analysis (PCA) of seizure
variables including CPS subjects from all our studies (N = 105) was per-
formed. This PCA revealed four components with the following loadings:
a duration (0.89)/onset (?0.88) component; an EEG localization (0.87)/
lateralization (0.87) component; a prolonged seizures (0.92)/febrile convul-
sions (0.79) component; and a seizure frequency (0.87)/number of AEDs
(0.78) component. In the EEG component, localization of epileptic activ-
ity was classified as frontal, temporal, frontotemporal, or other, and later-
alization as left, right, or bilateral focal epileptic activity. Number of
AEDs was subdivided into no AEDs, monotherapy, and polytherapy.
These four components were then used as the seizure-related variables
when investigating their relationship to volumes in the CPS group.
In investigating the association of volumes with seizure and cognitive
variables, we computed mixed linear models for gray and white matter
volumes for the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and the following frontal lobe
parcellations: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (sum of dorsolateral superior
and middle frontal cortex), inferior frontal cortex, and orbital frontal cor-
tex. Hemisphere (left, right) was used as the intrasubject classification var-
iable. Age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, seizure components,
Full Scale IQ, and presence of a psychiatric diagnosis (N = 19) were used
as predictors. We used the following model-building strategy to determine
which of these variables were predictive of the volumetric measures. We
first included all these variables as predictors in the general linear model.
We then used a combination of a stepwise strategy (in which the variables
are selected for either inclusion in or exclusion from the model in a sequen-
tial fashion based solely on statistical criteria) and inclusion or exclusion
of variables based on careful scrutiny of the resulting model. Thus, follow-
ing the fit of the model from stepwise selection, the importance of each
variable included in the model was verified. We also checked for variables
whose coefficients changed markedly in magnitude when other variables
were excluded. This process of deleting, refitting, and verifying was
performed until a final model was obtained that explained the data.
We also examined if the volumes in the CPS group differed between the
lateralization (left, right, bilateral, and no findings) and localization (tem-
poral, frontotemporal, other, and no findings) groups using ANCOVAs.
In addition, we determined the relationship of an additional index of
seizure severity, recruitment source (tertiary vs community), to volumes.
3. Results
3.1. Between-group volume differences
Group comparisons controlling for demographic, IQ,
total brain volume, and perinatal variables revealed signif-
icantly larger temporal white matter volumes in the CPS
group than in the normal group, but no significant differ-
ences in total brain, gray matter, white matter, remaining
frontal lobe parcellation, and temporal lobe gray matter
volumes. Post hoc testing indicated that these findings were
not accounted for by the presence of slowing on EEG.
There were also no significant differences in left–right
volume asymmetry of these two groups (Table 3).
3.2. Modeling of total and frontotemporal volumes in the
CPS group
3.2.1. Seizure variables
Mixed linear models with demographic and seizure-
related variables, IQ scores, psychiatric diagnosis, and
pregnancy complications as predictors demonstrated that
M. Daley et al. / Epilepsy & Behavior 10 (2007) 470–476
Page 5
age at onset/duration and history of prolonged seizures or
simple febrile convulsions, as well as lateralization and
localization of epileptic activity, were differentially related
to frontotemporal volumes. Earlier onset/longer duration
of CPS was associated with decreased orbital frontal gray
(F(1,32) = 4. 58, P < 0.04) and white matter (F(1,32) = 6.
24, P < 0.01) volumes, as well as decreased temporal lobe
white matter volumes (F(1,32) = 5.21, P < 0.03). The chil-
dren with a history of prolonged seizures or simple febrile
convulsions had larger inferior frontal white (F(1,34) =
6.87, P < 0.01) and gray matter (F(1,34) = 7.22, P < 0.01)
volumes than those without prolonged seizures and/or sim-
ple febrile convulsions. The children with left lateralized
epileptic activity on EEGs had significantly smaller total
white matter volumes (F(3,40) = 3.53, P < 0.02) compared
with those with bilateral (P < 0.01) or right lateralized
(P < 0.02)epilepticactivity
(P < 0.07). Recruitment source (i.e., tertiary vs community)
was unrelated to brain volumes.
and no EEG findings
3.2.2. Psychiatric diagnosis
Four children had disruptive disorders, seven had affec-
tive/anxiety disorders, seven had combined disruptive and
affective/anxiety disorders, and one had a tic disorder.
The 19 children with CPS with a psychiatric diagnosis
had significantly smaller inferior frontal white matter
volumes (F(1,33) = 4.60, P < 0.04) compared with those
without a diagnosis.
3.2.3. IQ, age, and gender
In the normal group, larger total brain (F(1,34) = 9. 37,
P < 0.004), total gray matter (F(1,34) = 5.52, P < 0.03),
and total white matter (F(1,32) = 11.53, P < 0.002) vol-
umes were positively related to higher IQ scores. Other
than a negative association with dorsolateral prefrontal
gray matter volumes (F(1,3) = 4.07, P < 0.05), age was
unrelated to total brain and frontotemporal brain volumes
in the normal group. In contrast, in the CPS group, with
seizure variables in the model, older age, not IQ, was signif-
icantly related to larger total (F(1,28) = 5.67, P < 0.03),
inferior frontal (F(1,33) = 4.39, P < 0.04), and temporal
(F(1,30) = 7.41, P < 0.01) white matter volumes and
smaller total (F(1,39) = 6.07, P < 0.02), dorsolateral pre-
frontal (F(1,39) = 7.02, P < 0.01), and orbital frontal
(F(1,39) = 10.54, P < 0.003) gray matter volumes. In both
subject groups, compared with girls, boys had significantly
larger gray and white matter volumes (P < 0.04) in all fron-
totemporal regions studied except the inferior frontal
4. Discussion
These findings suggest that other than increased white
matter volumes of the temporal lobe, there were no signif-
icant differences in total brain and frontal volumes of chil-
dren with CPS and normal children. However, among the
subjects with CPS, those with earlier onset, longer dura-
tion, a history of prolonged seizures/febrile convulsions,
left lateralization of EEG findings, younger age, and a
psychiatric diagnosis had significantly smaller volumes
than those with later onset, shorter duration, bilateral or
right focal EEG findings, older age, and no psychiatric
From the methodological perspective, our findings
underscore the importance of including large samples of
children and controlling for these relevant variables in
studies on epilepsy and brain structure in children with
CPS. From the theoretical perspective, increased white
matter volumes of the temporal lobe can be understood
in light of recent studies on the ongoing dynamic changes
in gray and white matter volumes in normal childhood
and adolescence [19–21,42], surgically treated children with
epilepsy, animal studies, and studies on the association of
spikes, perfusion, and myelination.
As age increases in normal childhood and adolescence,
there is a reduction in gray matter density [19], a postero-
anterior decrease in gray matter volume [20], and an
increase inwhite matter
[19,21,42]. These developmental changes vary by gender
[22]. Our cross-sectional between-group findings suggest
that myelination of the temporal as well as the frontal lobe
might be vulnerable in children with CPS, 61% of whom
had EEG evidence of temporal lobe involvement.
In support of this explanation, Andres et al. [43]
described increased cerebral, gray matter, and white matter
volumes in surgically treated children with epilepsy who
have cortical dysplasia. In immature rats, repeated seizures
are associated with defects in lipid metabolism and myelin
accumulation, particularly when seizures occur early
during the phase of glial proliferation [44–46].
Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have
shown that focal interictal spikes are associated with local
hyperperfusion and distal hypoperfusion [47]. During sei-
zures, transient local hyperperfusion is associated with
volume andmyelination
Table 3
Total brain and frontotemporal volumes in the CPS and normal groups
Volume (mm3)
CPS groupNormal group
Total brain
Gray matter (GM)
White matter (WM)
1388.94 (19.06)a
789.45 (68.73)
487.70 (76.43)
1395.35 (141. 07)
798.39 (71.25)
483.36 (67.46)
Inferior frontal GM
Inferior frontal WM
Orbital frontal GM
Orbital frontal WM
Dorsolateral prefrontal GM
Dorsolateral prefrontal WM
21.57 (3.50)
10.08 (2.03)
35.20 (5.97)
16.15 (3.50)
118.94 (16.93)
55.66 (8.87)
22.85 (4.23)
10.86 (2.95)
36.18 (4.50)
15.28 (2.97)
121.76 (11.33)
55.05 (7.91)
152.23 (11.73)
70.22 (12.99)
155.05 (15.81)
66.01 (11.12)
aMean (SD).
bF(1,70) = 5.83, P < 0.02 with demographic and IQ variables in model.
M. Daley et al. / Epilepsy & Behavior 10 (2007) 470–476
Page 6
accelerated myelination [48]. Thus, involvement of the tem-
poral lobe in most of the children in the study and seizure-
related local blood flow increases during development may
underlie the larger white matter volume in this region. The
dissimilar relationships of IQ and age with volume in the
patient and normal groups also imply that CPS adversely
affects normal brain development.
Compared with prior volumetric studies in children with
epilepsy, like Hermann and colleagues' [14] findings in chil-
dren with new-onset seizures, we did not find the smaller
total brain volumes reported in the studies of Lawson
et al. [13,16]. However, Lawson and colleagues' subjects
had more severe epilepsy suggested by longer duration of
illness, earlier age of onset (age 0–14), and higher rate of
epileptogenic lesions, as well as inclusion of 21% of chil-
dren with mild (IQ = 56–70) and 18% with moderate/
severe (IQ < 55) intellectual disability. Different morpho-
metric procedures may also underlie the variable total
brain volume findings in these studies.
Similar to adults with temporal lobe epilepsy, we found
inverse relationships for both duration of illness [1,3,9,10]
and left focal epileptic activity [49] with smaller volumes.
Yet, recent evidence for extensive volume reduction in
adults with temporal lobe epilepsy [2,3,6,31,50] implies a
cumulative more widespread effect of recurrent seizures
on brain volume reduction than in children. Prospective
studies are needed to determine how these structural
abnormalities evolve over time.
The inferior frontal gyrus findings are interesting given
its role in syntax [51], semantics [52], phonology [53], and
higher-level linguistic functions [54] and evidence for both
basic [26] and higher-level linguistic deficits in children with
CPS [55,56]. The larger gray and white matter volumes of
the inferior frontal gyrus of the children with CPS with a
history of prolonged seizures and/or febrile seizures imply
that duration of seizures negatively impacts the develop-
ment of this region and the linguistic functions it subserves.
The relationship of inferior frontal gyrus volumes to pres-
ence of a psychiatric diagnosis and the recent clinical evi-
dence of higher-level linguistic deficits and disruptive
disorder diagnoses and externalizing behaviors in children
with CPS [57] may reflect impaired maturation of inferior
frontal gyrus.
The subjects with CPS with a psychiatric diagnosis were
quite heterogenous, with four disruptive disorder diagno-
ses, seven affective/anxiety disorder diagnoses, seven
combined disruptive and affective/anxiety disorders, and
one tic disorder. Compared with normal children, children
without epilepsy with diagnoses such as autism [58], gener-
alized anxiety disorder [59], and posttraumatic stress disor-
der [60] have larger volumes, whereas those with ADHD
have smaller dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volumes [33].
Studies on larger samples of children are needed to delin-
eate how type of psychiatric diagnosis is related to brain
volumes in pediatric CPS.
Finally, study limitations include a relatively small
sample of CPS and normal subjects, multivariate analysis
techniques to control for the several confounding factors,
lack of clinical information with respect to possible etiol-
ogy and current EEG findings, and possible memory bias
in seizure-related information collected from parents, and
emphasize the need for replication of the study's findings.
With these limitations in mind, the findings suggest that
CPS may affect brain development, particularly in the
temporal and frontal regions in children with average intel-
ligence. They also highlight the need to control for multiple
variables, including seizure, cognitive, psychiatric, and
demographic variables, in the study of frontotemporal
volumes in pediatric CPS. Based on where the child is in
the dynamic ongoing maturation of
regions [19,20], these variables may have different effects
on these volumes (i.e., increase or decrease).
This study was supported by Grants NS32070 (R.C.)
and MH067187 (R.C.). We appreciate the technical assis-
tance of Erin Lanphier, Ph.D., Caroline Bailey, Ph.D.,
Amy Mo, Alexander Kaminski, Lorrie Shiota, and Renea
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text:
Dr. Adam T. Harder, MD
Orthopaedic Surgery
- 29 Stiles Rd Ste 102
Salem, NH 03079
- 2 Locations
- (603) 898-2220
Dr. Adam T. Harder graduated from the Tufts University School of Medicine in 2003. He works in Salem, NH and 1 other location and specializes in Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Dr. Harder is affiliated with Holy Family Hospital, Lawrence General Hospital and Merrimack Valley Hospital. He speaks English and Spanish.
Gender: Male
Languages Spoken: English, Spanish
Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
Medical School: Tufts University School of Medicine; Graduated 2003
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.


text:
On Tuesday, the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) launched a new Website designed to help rural and small urban transit providers develop and carry out effective safety, security and emergency preparedness programs.
The Bus Safety and Security Website will give users quick and easy access to a comprehensive resource library that houses more than 1,000 downloadable technical assistance documents, tools to help transit agencies assess their programs' strengths and weaknesses, and a community forum to support peer-to-peer information sharing.
The Website (http://bussafety.fta.dot.gov/) is the culmination of ongoing coordination and collaboration with representatives from the FTA and other federal agencies, state departments of transportation, the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and the American Public Transportation Association (APTA).
FTA will keep the site updated, adding new tools and information as it becomes available based on feedback from the industry and other stakeholders.
The CTfastrak transit system provides direct service to and from Waterbury, Cheshire, Southington, Bristol, Plainville, New Britain, Newington, West Hartford, Hartford, East Hartford and Manchester with routes that take advantage of the bus-only CTfastrak roadway.
ABQ RIDE is looking to model its plan after the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority's HealthLine, which is sponsored through a hospital partnership. Construction on the so-called ART system could begin in May 2016 with an in-service date of September 2017.
The service, which costs $6 a ride, asks riders to download the Leap app, creating an account, uploading a photo and adding a credit card that enables them to pay via a QR code.
Agencies ordering the company's products, which are now in at least half of all new U.S. and Canadian transit buses, include L.A. Metro, Chicago Transit Authority and New York City Transit.
The contract includes a firm order for 35 XN40 and 20 XN60 Xcelsior buses, with an option for another 150 XN40 and 100 XN60 over the next five years. All buses are to be powered by CNG.
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text:
Presidents' Day: What's Open – What's Closed
Many South Floridian's will be enjoying a day off for Presidents' Day. Here's a rundown of what's open and closed.
Christmas Day: What's Open & Closed
Christmas Day is closing in and lots of businesses and agencies will be closing early Wednesday and not open at all on Thursday.
Miami Rescue Mission Holiday Feast Provides More Than Food & Toys
For those who are less fortunate, the holidays can be a tough time. But thousands of South Floridians, thanks to hundreds of volunteers and the Miami Rescue Mission, were served at a special event held Christmas Eve.
Holiday Hustle & Bustle At Ft. Lauderdale's Airport
If you're catching a flight out of town for the holidays at Ft. Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, pack your patience.
Last Minute Holiday Help Needed For 25 S. Fla Families
In the spirit of giving, for over 20 years, Neighbors 4 Neighbors has worked to match needy families through their Adopt-A-Family program—but a last minute change may leave more than 20 families without anything this holiday.
'Heroes & Helpers' Pairs Cops With Students For Holiday Shopping Trip
It's a shopping trip most kids don't get to do—going in and out of the isles of Target, picking out holiday gifts with the help of a uniformed police officer.
Help Animals This Holiday Season
It's the season of giving—how about helping out the furry friends' in-need of care at the wildlife hospital?
Tips To Increase Your Holiday Cyber-Shopping Security
A few wrong computer clicks could land you in trouble this holiday shopping season.
Nativity, Festivus Return To State's Capitol, Satanic Temple Coming
A 6-foot-tall stack of empty Pabst Blue Ribbon cans, built to mark the sitcom-inspired Festivus holiday, returned to the Florida Capitol on Monday for a second year.
One-Week Until Post Office's Busiest Day Of The Year
Once you've finished putting stamps on the holiday cards, and taping gift boxes shut—it's up to the United States Post Office to deliver.


text:
Cattlewash Hotels
Kingsley Club
Cattle Wash-on-sea, St Joseph, Saint Joseph
Cattlewash Favorites
Favorite thing: In the old days, wealthy visitors came To Barbados to take advantage of the healthy climate. Cattlewash was one of the best known health resort areas because of the climate and fresh breezes. George Washington sent his half brother to Barbados to fight against a severe lung infection.
Fondest memory: The area is now very popular with Bajans for a get away in the summer. It is very scenic and relaxing, but there are strong currents, and swimming in the open water is not recommended.Related to:
- Road Trip
- Beaches
- Budget Travel
Instant Answers: Cattlewash
Get an instant answer from local experts and frequent travelers


text:
Discover a selection of top forums megladon permanent on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums megladon permanent and meet other fans of megladon permanent. Then, why don't you create your own forum of megladon permanent ?
New ep forum. May be temporary or permanent depending on how things play out. All are welcome. I'm not sure if all the levels are gone, but I have all the ones that were there a few weeks ago backed u
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text:
Living well in body, mind and spirit
Posts filtered on Category
Fit Tip Tuesday! Curb the carbs to get stronger
According to the latest issue of Men's Fitness magazine, "Fewer Carbs = Bigger Numbers." They suggest eating fewer carbs throughout the day and eating more protein, fats and green veggies. In doing so, you will increase your nervous system and adrenaline so you're ready for an intense workout which will burn fat and build muscle. […] [Read More]
FREE DOWNLOAD: Secret to bigger biceps
Check out this free Men'sHealth.com Workout-To-Go that promises to build your biceps without a single bicep curl. Woo hoo! Don't be discouraged women, the fact that this workout comes from Men's Health and talks to men directly, doesn't matter. We use our biceps a good amount — lifting children, groceries and heavy laundry baskets — […] [Read More]
Craving junk? Blame your brain
You're hungry for lunch. Do you choose the juicy burger and fries or the large salad with veggies? According Men's Health the answer lies in just how hungry your brain is. A recent study published in the the Journal of Clinical Investigation, discovered that participants' whose glucose levels dropped below normal craved photos of the […] [Read More]
Dear Santa, I want a Taga Bike!
I was checking out People.com for the latest celebrity gossip and I saw this picture of Tori Spelling and her kiddos taking a bike ride on these super, fabulous bikes. I'm so jealous, I can't begin to tell you how much I would love to have one of these. After investigating them further I discovered […] [Read More]
NFL game day tips and treats
If you missed our "10 tips to a healthier game day story", in last Saturday's Times Union health section, don't worry here are some more healthy tips and tricks. You don't have to pig out to enjoy pigskin Sundays. Try these five lower-calorie snacking options that pack just as much flavor as their fattier, more […] [Read More]
Dr. Oz's insider tips for guy's to live into their 100s
In the September issue of Men's Fitness magazine, cover model, Dr. Mehmet Oz, the super-popular Doc from the hit Dr. Oz Show, prescribes a healthy game plan of activity and nutrition that will have guy's living into their 100s. (Content used by permission of Men's Health.) The no. 1 driver in longevity isn't how heavy […] [Read More]
SELF Magazine introduces SELF Diet Tapper
SELF Magazine, introduced today, the first ever text-based diet program called "SELF Diet Tapper." Created by Editor-in-Chief Lucy Danziger, the Diet Tapper will provide SMS texts five times daily to send a friendly reminder for users to simply "Eat! Drink! Move!" during the course of their busy lives. I asked creator Lucy Danziger, via email, […] [Read More]
Are you Facebook's "Fittest Friend"?
Rodale Inc.'s Men's and Women's Health are on the prowl announcing today the launch of the "Fittest Friends of Men's & Women's Health" Facebook challenge. Today through July 24, 2011 men and women can submit photos of their physiques for a chance to be feature as a fitness model in an upcoming issue of the […] [Read More]
Yuck! Dirty food shockers
Food recalls make me want to vomit! I was eating a cucumber just the other day when the recall notice for cukes came to me via email. As quickly as I read the warning, I spat out my lunch — a yummy green salad with veggies galore topped with apple cider vinegar. I wasn't taking […] [Read More]
Oprah's anti-aging tips
The latest issue of O, The Oprah Magazine, has Gretchen Reynolds, the Phys. Ed. columnist for The New York Times, debunking myths about aging and the effects it has on your body. As well as author Annie Murphy Paul and Oprah's long-time trainer Bob Greene. Here's Reynolds Myth vs. Reality: MYTH: Your muscles will wither. […] [Read More]
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text:
McCloskey International Grows in 2012
Screening and crushing equipment manufacturer McCloskey International, Peterborough, Ontario, continued its expansion in 2012, with 60 percent overall growth, a 30 percent increase in workforce and the addition of more than 136,000 square feet to its plants in Canada and Northern Ireland over the past year, the company reports.
In 2012 the Peterborough factory expanded its facility to house 42,500 square feet of new warehouse space and a shipping/receiving building and additional space for production lines adding up to 78,000 square feet. Since 2008, the company says the footprint of the Canadian factory has increased by more than 50 percent, with five new buildings and production areas added within the past year. The plant in Northern Ireland has added a 9,000-square-foot building and a 7,000-square-foot assembly building to assemble C38, I44 and I54 crushers.
In addition to its physical expansion, over the past year the company says it has continued to add international dealers across all regions. "There have been many contributors to our success, but one of the greatest is the strength of our dealer base worldwide," says Paschal McCloskey, president and CEO of McCloskey International.
The expansion will continue into 2013 and 2014, as the Peterborough plant will install new equipment valued at more than $1.2 million to meet worldwide demand for its products. The Northern Ireland plant will add conveyor construction to its production mix. McCloskey says the additional space will allow the company to keep pace with anticipated double-digit growth for 2013-2014.
BHS Acquires Nihot
Bulk Handling Systems (BHS), based in Eugene, Ore., has acquired Nihot Recycling Technology BV, an Amsterdam-based company that designs and manufactures air sorting and separation equipment for the recycling, solid waste and other industries.
"We are very excited to welcome Nihot to the BHS family of companies," says BHS CEO Steve Miller. "Having partnered with Nihot for a number of years, I have great respect for the company's people and product quality. They are the best at what they do, and our new relationship will strengthen the integrated solutions that BHS offers its customers."
"BHS and Nihot are similar in that both companies manufacture equipment to the highest levels of quality," says Cees Duijn, director of Nihot. "Combining our technology, product offerings, global resources and expertise will enhance every function of our business. BHS has positioned itself as the premier systems provider. Nihot is excited to be joining this team and is looking forward to a prosperous partnership."
Nihot, which was established in 1945, has more than 500 installations worldwide. Its air separation technologies can sort a wide variety of material, including municipal solid waste (MSW), fuel generated from waste, construction and demolition materials and biomass.
BHS designs, engineers, manufactures and installs sorting systems and components for the solid waste, recycling, waste-to-energy and construction and demolition industries.
Fecon Adds Komatsu Equipment Co. as Dealer
Fecon Inc., Lebanon, Ohio, has announced that regional Komatsu distributor Komatsu Equipment Co., Salt Lake City, is now its stocking dealer and service and parts provider in Utah, Wyoming and much of Nevada.
Komatsu Equipment Co.'s seven locations in the three states also will act as service facilities for all Fecon products and customers, according to the two companies.
Wastebuilt Names VP of Sales & Marketing
Wastebuilt Environmental Solutions LLC, a Chicago-based distributor and manufacturer of equipment, parts and services for the waste and recycling industry, has appointed Jerry Samson as vice president of sales and marketing.
Samson joins Wastebuilt with more than 20 years of experience in the waste industry. Prior to joining Wastebuilt, he spent 12 years in senior management roles at Waste Management Inc., Houston, and also was vice president of sales and marketing at Wastequip, Charlotte, N.C. Most recently, Samson led the sales group at Liberty Tire Recycling, Pittsburgh.
"Wastebuilt is committed to creating a senior management team that can grow our business and be relentless in customer service," says Greg Podell, CEO of Wastebuilt. "Jerry brings a wealth of experience and leadership to our sales organization and has a successful track record in the industry."
"I'm extremely pleased to be moving to this new, exciting role within Wastebuilt," says Samson. "I look forward to providing our customers with outstanding service and contributing to the company's long-term success."
Rapid Recovery Celebrates 10th Anniversary
Rapid Recovery, a Peoria, Ariz.-based refrigerant recovery company, finished 2012 by celebrating its 10-year anniversary. Founded in 2002, the company says it has "revolutionized the way refrigerant gets recovered in the U.S."
"The need for providing mobile EPA-certified refrigerant recovery at faster speeds then available to HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) contractors was what got us started," says Adam Dykstra, president of Rapid Recovery. "Then identifying that using a franchise model to service them and provide national coverage is what has enabled us to expand so quickly."
Dykstra also says Rapid Recovery's "superior service, backed by local ownership, provides a great partnership for local contractors who need jobsite refrigerant recovery."
Rapid Recovery now has more than 30 locations throughout the U.S. and work experience in at least 47 states, according to the company. In a news release announcing its 10th anniversary, the company says its use of "proprietary AHRI- (Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute-) certified gas powered recovery equipment, custom tools and applying 250-plus years of combined HVAC industry knowledge gives [us] a distinct speed advantage over 'do it yourself' options."
"I like to say that we are really in the man-hours-savings business," says Dykstra. "We can recover as much as 500 pounds of refrigerant in an hour, 10 times faster than your average recovery machine. From one unit to hundreds of units, from one pound to thousands of pounds of refrigerant, we've handled it all," Dykstra adds.
Rapid Recovery also helps document each recovery to meet EPA requirements, Dykstra notes. "In fact, we assume the contractor's liability for every pound of refrigerant we remove and every unit we recover. Our contractors never have to worry about an audit, as our process exceeds all [of] their needs," he says.
"In 2011, we recovered over 1.7 billion pounds of carbon equivalent carbon dioxide. For year-to-date 2012, we recovered roughly 4.5-plus billion pounds. To put that in laymen's terms, that is roughly the equivalent of not burning 224.5-plus million gallons of gas that would have polluted our environment," says Dykstra.
Rapid Recovery most recently opened in Atlanta with its franchise partner Todd Beaver, prompting Dykstra to reminisce on starting the business 10 years ago.
"I remember when Rich Dykstra, Les Rhynard and I opened up Los Angeles, Phoenix and San Francisco," Dykstra says. "We spent each day driving our trucks out to visit contractors and supply houses—introducing ourselves, educating everyone on our capabilities and earning their work. It sounds foolish but we had a vision, some know-how and a passionate belief we were the guys to explore outsourcing recovery. We just needed to find enough customers to get paid for doing it! Sure, crazy, I know. But that's what America is about."
Rapid Recovery offers refrigerant abatement nationwide through its franchise network. More information on the company is at www.raprec.com.
Volvo Rents Expands California Footprint
Volvo Rents has opened a new rental center in Turlock, Calif. Volvo Rents provides small to medium-sized construction equipment to companies. With the new location, Volvo Rents now has 14 rental centers in California.
Volvo points to what it calls huge growth opportunities in the state. In a news release, Volvo says a forecast by economists at IHS Global Insight says California will lead the country in a nationwide construction recovery through 2016. According to IHS statistics, California will have the most construction dollars spent ($723 billion); the largest gain in yearly spending dollars ($76.40 billion); and the third highest annual average percentage gain (15.6 percent).
"There's evidence showing a bit of sunshine for the construction industry that has seen too much rain," says Mike Crouch, vice president of business development for Volvo Rents. "We couldn't be more excited about further expanding our California footprint."
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