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It has been discovered that plastic deformation of a wafer of light-emitting semiconductor material during processing creates areas of poor radiative efficiency known as large dark spot (LDS) defects. An improved technique for lapping is described which alleviates stress and substantially reduces the initiation and propagation of such defects. Conventionally, wafers are affixed to a mounting plate by coating the plate with wax or some other appropriate adhesive and then applying pressure. The improvement comprises interposing a spacer between the mounting plate and the wafer. The spacer is capable of accommodating surface irregularities and particulates while maintaining substrate planarity.
1. A method of lapping a wafer of semiconductor material in a manner to substantially reduce the initiation or propagation of stress induced defects,
said method being carried out in an apparatus which includes a rotatable lapping turntable, a mounting plate to which said wafer is removably secured, said wafer being positioned in contact with said lapping turntable, and means for moving said lapping turntable relative to said mounting plate,
said method being characterized by the steps of:
(a) placing a spacer on said mounting plate, said spacer being of a soft fibrous material of substantially uniform thickness sufficient to deform around irregularities and particulates on the surface of said material and to prevent said irregularities and particulates from contacting the surface of said mounting plate;
(b) securing said wafer and said spacer to said mounting plate;
(c) applying a layer of abrasive material to said lapping plate;
(d) moving said lapping plate relative to said mounting plate thereby to thin said wafer;
(e) removing said abrasive from said lapping plate;
(f) placing a chemical etchant soaked polishing pad on said lapping plate; and
(g) moving said lapping plate relative to said mounting plate thereby to polish said wafer.
2. A method for lapping a semiconductor wafer including a GaAs substrate on one side and a device region on the other side without introducing strain induced defects or areas of poor radiative efficiency in the device region,
said method being performed with an apparatus which includes a rotatable lapping turntable, a mounting plate to which said device region of said wafer is removably bonded, said substrate being positioned in contact with said lapping turntable, and means for moving said lapping turntable relative to said mounting plate,
said method being characterized by the steps of:
(a) bonding a spacer of lens paper to said mounting plate with glycol phthalate;
(b) bonding said device region of said wafer to said mounting plate and said spacer with glycol phthalate;
(c) placing 3-5 micrometer alumina abrasive on said lapping plate;
(d) applying pressure to said mounting plate;
(e) moving said lapping plate relative to said mounting plate, thereby to thin said wafer;
(f) replacing said abrasive with a bromine-methanol soaked pad;
(g) applying less pressure to said mounting plate than in step (d); and
(h) moving said lapping plate relative to said mounting plate, thereby to polish said wafer.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an improved method of removing material from semiconductor bodies by lapping. The improvement is particularly applicable to the processing of a semiconductor material for devices in which the lifetime of minority carriers is of importance; for example, light emitting diodes, laser diodes, and solar cells.
2. Description of the Prior Art
An essential step in the production of many semiconductor devices is lapping the wafer to the desired thickness and smoothness. In the context of this application, "lapping" will be generic to both thinning and polishing. Thinning, inter alia, reduces the size and weight of the wafer (of importance for space solar cell applications and facilitates mirror cleavage (of importance for laser diode fabrication). Polishing removes work damage and improves surface quality.
For thinning, a mechanical abrasive lapping agent such as diamond paste or a chemical-mechanical abrasive such as Syton (Trademark of Monsanto Company) is generally used in conjunction with a rotatable lapping turntable. The device side of a wafer is bonded to a planar mounting plate by applying a suitable adhesive such as wax to the mounting plate and then pressing the wafer against the plate and adhesive. The mounting plate is placed within a lapping fixture adapted to hold the other side of the wafer (i.e., the substrate) against the rotating turntable. The translational motion between the wafer and the abrasive on the turntable causes the substrate side of the wafer to be ground down to the desired thickness and planarity. The wafer is usually polished to repair surface damage caused by the abrasive. For polishing, a chemical etchant soaked lapping pad is frequently used. Alternatively, the thinning could also be done using an etchant soaked pad instead of an abrasive on the turntable.
Although these lapping procedures are important to device fabrication, they may have deleterious effects on the device, particularly the occurrence of areas of poor radiative efficiency called large dark spot (LDS) defects. LDS are a major factor in reducing the yield of light emitting devices, e.g., Al1 Ga1-X As-GaAs double heterostructure laser diodes. These LDS can also be nucleation sites for the growth of dark line defects (DLD) which significantly shorten the operating lifetime of such devices.
Photoluminescence studies have revealed that there are some LDS present in the as-grown wafer, but electroluminescence studies of completed devices have shown a proliferation of LDS following device processing, such as the lapping techniques described above. LDS result in regions of non-luminescent material because of significantly reduced minority carrier lifetime, and devices having one or more LDS within their active region do not operate optimally.
Inasmuch as LDS have been observed in p-n junction active heterostructure devices of direct bandgap materials, prevention of LDS would improve the quality and operating lifetime not only of lasers, but also LEDs, photodiodes, solar photovoltaic cells, phototransistors, photodetectors, etc., all of which depend for their efficient operation on good minority carrier lifetime and freedom from excessive non-radiative recombination of minority carriers such as occurs in the LDS defects.
Several theories have been proposed to explain the nature of the recombination process associated with LDS defects. Johnston, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 28, (1976), p. 140, has suggested that LDS are the result of strain induced nonradiative heterointerface states, i.e., that nonradiative recombination is enhanced by the presence of a strain gradient. Another theory by C. H. Henry suggests that damage, such as microcracks, extending into the active region siphons off normal diffusion current into space-charge recombination causing excess junction current.
Johnston, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 24, (1974), p. 494, suggested that LDS were produced by elastic strain fields associated with microscopic physical damage. R. L. Hartman and A. R. Hartman, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 23, (1973), p. 147, proposed that strain fields can be responsible for shortening the operating lifetime of laser diodes. Accordingly, a modified bonding procedure was suggested which alleviated stress created by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the diode, bonding material and header. P. Petroff and R. L. Hartman, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 45, (1974), p. 3899, suggested that perturbations of the crystal lattice could be nucleation sites for the growth of DLD which shorten device lifetime in laser diodes. Physically damaged regions of a crystal indicated by LDS can be such nucleation sites, partly responsible for premature failure. Johnston in Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 24, supra, pointed out that LDS were caused by stresses during processing from contact of the wafer with hard surfaces. Avoidance of hard materials during lapping was suggested to alleviate the problem.
Although the prior art indicates that avoidance of hardness during processing will alleviate the LDS problem, typical means of doing so create additional problems. For example, both a soft lap or a soft mounting plate will cause loss of substrate planarity. A soft lap refers to the hardness of the lapping turntable or the lapping agent with respect to the wafer. It is known in the art that a soft lap causes less work damage than a hard lap, but causes rounding of the wafer. A mounting plate soft enough to alleviate the stresses causing LDS would also cause lack of planarity. Planarity requires that the wafer be mounted and held without distortion during the lapping procedures. Typical candidates for a mounting plate intended to have a quality intermediate between "soft" (such as pitch) and "hard" (such as steel) would be soft rubber, plastic, or Teflon (Trademark of Du Pont). These are neither soft enough to prevent LDS formation nor hard enough to preserve planarity so that such compromise candidates are doubly unacceptable.
We have discovered an improved lapping technique which not only substantially reduces the initiation and propagation of LDS but permits the use of a hard lap so that excellent planarity is retained. We believe LDS are created by high local stress on the wafer caused by surface imperfections or particulates which can act as point stresses when the wafer is bonded to the mounting plate by the prior art technique, i.e., pressure against a hard flat mounting plate. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, these localized stresses can be alleviated by the interposition of a spacer between the mounting plate and the wafer. The spacer is a fibrous material which is capable of accommodating surface irregularities or particulates in order to prevent them from contacting the mounting plate. The thickness of the spacer should be essentially uniform to preserve planarity, and should be sufficient to accommodate the expected height of imperfections yet thin enough to allow tight control of the wafer within the lapping fixture. It is also advantageous for the spacer to penetrable by the mounting adhesive, and for the fibers to be arranged in a somewhat random, irregular pattern.
FIG. 1 shows an illustrative lapping apparatus; and
FIG. 2 illustrates a wafer bonded to a mounting plate with a spacer in accordance with one aspect of our invention.
The improved technique is applicable to the processing of any semiconductor wafers in which chemical or mechanical removal of material is required subsequent to growth. It can be easily instituted in any existing procedure and has proven to be effective in preventing the extension of existing LDS defects and the proliferation of new ones.
As-grown Alx Ga1-x As double heterostructure wafers were photoexcited by a krypton ion laser beam. The fluorescence emitted was filtered so that only the infrared emission from the active region was transmitted to an infrared microscope. At low photoexcitation levels, LDS appear as nonluminescent areas of approximately 100 micrometer size extending from a nonradiative central core. At higher photoexcitation levels, when the electron-hole recombination rate approaches that of laser operation, the luminescent area contracts to approximately 10-20 micrometers from the central core. Identical photoluminescent effects are observed when slight plastic deformation, such as a depression from a sharp instrument, is introduced into the device side of the wafer. Similar results are not observed for severe plastic deformation of the substrate surface. Photoluminescent studies of the same Alx Ga1-x As wafers subsequent to standard lapping and polishing procedures revealed moderate to severe proliferation of LDS. Irregularities on the as-grown surface and particulates can act to cause point stresses which induce slight plastic deformation of the surface when the wafer is pressed against a hard planar surface. The improved technique to be described below substantially reduces proliferation or creation of LDS during lapping procedures.
FIG. 1 shows an illustrative lapping apparatus. Lapping fixture 13 is held in place by curved arms 12 against centrifugal forces created by rotation of lapping turntable 11. As shown in FIG. 2, mounting plate 14 is inserted into lapping fixture 13. Lapping fixture 13 is adapted to control the pressure on the wafer by well known techniques such as weights or a plunger and compression spring. The pressure may be varied to regulate the amount of material removed from the wafer 24 by friction from a lapping agent which is placed on lapping turntable 11, e.g., chemical etchant soaked polishing cloth 15 or a suitable mechanical abrasive.
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a mounting plate 14 which is generally made from quartz or pyrex. In the prior art, an adhesive such as glycol phthalate or bees wax would be applied to mounting plate 14 and wafer 24 would be pressed down onto the adhesive, so that the device side of wafer 24 contacted mounting plate 14 and the substrate side of wafer 24 was exposed to lapping action. In accordance with our invention, however, a spacer 22 is interposed between wafer 24 and mounting plate 14. Spacer 22 comprises any soft, fibrous, material which is capable of deforming to accommodate surface imperfections. The diameter of the fibers should be comparable to or smaller than the expected width of a projection, whereas the thickness of the spacer should be sufficient to keep surface irregularities and particulates from contacting mounting plate 14 to act as point stresses when wafer 24 is pressed against plate 14. In addition, spacer 22 should be of substantially uniform thickness so that the planarity of the wafer will be retained during lapping. For example, the thickness of spacer 22 should be greater than 4 micrometers to allow at least for dust particles which are on the order of a few micrometers in height and a fiber diameter of about 3 micrometers will accommodate surface projections of typical width 20 micrometers.
Advantageously the fibers should not be woven in a regular manner, but in a somewhat random irregular pattern to permit better accommodation of imperfections. The spacer should also be porous so that an adhesive can penetrate through it to the mounting plate and the wafer. Thus, both spacer and wafer adhere well enough to mounting plate 21 to permit accurate control of wafer 24 within lapping fixture 13 of FIG. 1.
Using the foregoing technique, we processed wafers of double hetero structure laser material of the following composition: A10.36 Ga0.64 As p-type cladding, A10.1 Ga0.9 As p-type active region, Al0.36 Ga0.64 As n-type cladding and an n-type GaAs substrate.
Referring to FIG. 2, the p-type Al0.36 Ga0.64 As epi-surface of wafer 24 and spacer 22 of oridinary lens paper (10-12 micrometers thick with a fiber diameter of about 3 micrometers), were affixed to mounting plate 14 with glycol phthalate 23. Lens paper 22 is porous and molten glycol phthalate can penetrate through it to the wafer when pressure and heat are applied during mounting. Mounting plate 14 was then inserted in lapping fixture 13. 3-5 micrometer alumina abrasive was placed on lapping pad 15 and pressure was applied from lapping fixture 13 to remove material from the n-type substrate of the laser wafer as lapping turntable 11 was rotated. This procedure thinned the wafer. Following thinning, the alumina was replaced by a bromine-methanol soaked lapping pad, the amount of pressure applied by lapping fixture B was reduced, and the wafer was polished to remove work damage. Before lapping, a typical wafer had dimensions in the plane of the wafer on the order of a few centimeters and a thickness between 0.25 to 0.5 millimeters. Lapping removed 0.15 to 0.4 millimeters of material to produce a final thickness of approximately 0.1 millimeter. The required planarity across the wafer is typically an order of magnitude smaller than the final wafer thickness. Photoluminescent studies of the finished wafers revealed no new LDS. In contrast, identical material processed exactly in this fashion but with omission of spacer 22 showed proliferation of LDS defects at a typical density of 100 per cm2.
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Jan 29 (Reuters) - NIKKI CO LTD CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS ESTIMATES (in billions of yen unless specified) Full year to Full year to March 31,2010 March 31,2010 LATEST PREVIOUS FORECAST FORECAST Sales 6.40 6.60 Operating loss 1.08 loss 800 mln Recurring loss 1.16 loss 930 mln Net loss 970 mln loss 740 mln NOTE - Nikki Co Ltd is a machinery maker strong in carburetors. For latest earnings estimates made by Toyo Keizai, please double click on .
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There are 67 results - Show results on a map Print this page
Showing 51 - 60 of 67
Hunter's Moon lies in a quiet village just a few miles from Heligan and within easy reach of The Eden Project. Service is friendly and attentive and the bedrooms are well equipped for business or leis...More about Hunter's Moon
The Plume of Feathers is a very popular inn, with origins dating back to the 16th century, situated close to Newquay and the beaches. The restaurant offers a varied menu which relies heavily on local ...More about The Plume of Feathers
High quality, budget accommodation ideal for both families and business travellers. Spacious, en suite bedrooms feature tea and coffee making facilities, and Freeview TV in most hotels. Internet acces...More about Premier Inn Bodmin
Impressive Penarwyn House stands in tranquil surroundings close to main routes, with The Eden Project, The Lost Gardens of Heligan, Fowey, the coastal footpath and National Trust properties all close ...More about Penarwyn House
Making guests feel welcome and at home is the priority here. The bedrooms in the main house are bright and well equipped, and there are two more in a separate single storey building at the rear. The g...More about Dewolf Guest House
This delightful inn enjoys a unique setting adjacent to the slipway of the harbour, where fishing boats still come and go. Bedrooms, some in adjacent buildings and cottages, are contemporary in style ...More about The Lugger
This converted barn, tucked away in the countryside, yet with easy access to local attractions, has huge appeal. Warm colours throughout create a Mediterranean feel, and staff offer informal and genui...More about Lower Barn
A Beautifully restored fisherman's cottage set in the centre of Mevagissey, a minutes' walk from the quaint historical harbour, shops, bars and great restaurants. A delightfully friendly host, makes t...More about Stone's Throw Cottage
With stunning views over Mawgan Porth Bay from the public rooms and the majority of the bedrooms, this is a child-friendly hotel. Children's clubs for various ages are provided in addition to children...More about Bedruthan Hotel and Spa
Porth Lodge is a popular venue with its own bowling alley. Staff here are friendly and helpful, and the bedrooms are very comfortable and well equipped. Meals are available every day. ...More about Porth Lodge


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
0116 Things That Will Give 90s Skater Kids A Serious Flashback
02The 10 Most Spectacular Road Trips on Earth
03Water Slides, Plane Wings and Danny MacAskill: This is Road Cycling Like Never Before...
0424 Reasons Why Snowboarding Was Better In The Early Noughties
0517 Holiday Beer Photos That Every Skier Takes to Make Their Friends Jealous
06Could Scientists Be About to Build a Terminator? They're Closer Than You Think…
07These Guys Made A Drone That Can Save You From Drowning... Here's How
08Flips, Whips and Utter Madness: Crankworx New Zealand Is Well Underway... And The Footage Will Leave You Amazed
09This Stunning Aspen Mountain Mansion Costs $100 Million... And It's Not Hard to See Why
10Win a Holiday for 2 in Chamonix with Three #holidayspam
MFCKIN MTX BTCH! A British Freestyle Motocross Video...
My first ever attempt at filming/editing freestyle motocross. Took me quite a while to put it all together since I don't know a huge amount about the sport, I think it turned out pretty well in the end though!
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We've talked before about how the camera board and the Model A are natural bedfellows.
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Alison D. Gilbert's curator insight, January 26, 2014 6:17 PM
Color even affects conversion rate. Visual imput is so sublte yet so powerful.
Marie Clement's curator insight, January 30, 2014 8:11 AM
Interesting article - the blue & orange combination to attract impulse buyers is evident on most eCommerce sites - now I know why!
etrevumarcom's curator insight, January 21, 2014 2:55 AM
Rien de neuf : Pour qu'une marque devienne réellement remarquable, son facteur de différenciation (USP) doit être vraiment unique, absolument original.
Là où l'entreprise doit encore évoluer, c'est quant au fait de ne pas s'aggriper à ce facteur différenciant comme à une bouée de sauvetage, car les marchés changent à vitesse grand V, ce qui demande flexibilité et réactivité et ce qui a un impact sur vos supports de communication, sur vos messages. Pensez-y lorsque vous calculez votre budget annuel et le planifiez. Quelques inspirations https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3q_QlLjZlIIcG5QQTl3ZTBobnM/edit?usp=sharing
Intriguing Networks's curator insight, January 21, 2014 4:15 AM
#what a great simple headline and eye catchig graphic. Does what it says on the tin.
Nick Jennings's curator insight, September 8, 2014 3:50 AM
This article provides insight as to how businesses can differentiate themselves from the competition. The use of breaking customer compromises can separate a company from its competition with a distinct and unique stand point. The article lists Amazon as an example which I feel is accurate as they were able to change the face of customer purchasing with just the click of a finger. By recreating a category it can develop customer retention and brand differentiation. Cirque Du Soleil is a fantastic example as they have positioned themselves as a circus unlike any other creating a new and exciting experience for the consumer. These are just some examples of how marketers can create differentiation from other brands and build both band recognition and recall.
Amanda Groover's curator insight, December 20, 2013 12:49 PM
Linked In is and will continue to be a developing form of new business development and social networking in its truest form. Linked In is postioning itself to be the virtual hub of news content and interaction within one platform! Look at this data!
Abi Adeleke's curator insight, December 23, 2013 2:51 PM
Wow! USA is clearly the leader in using LinkedIn! Pretty cool infographic!
Felice Kimbrew's curator insight, October 27, 2014 1:07 PM
LinkedIn is an extremely professional social media website. I know a friend who gained a professional opportunity just by posting his personal qualifications on LinkedIn. Great site!
Alison D. Gilbert's curator insight, December 27, 2013 6:57 PM
I am curious about the way things will change. Are you?
Stefanie Pfahler's curator insight, December 8, 2013 6:01 PM
Excellent infographic on why you should not forget email as a channel to stay in touch with your prospects and tips on how to build such an email list.
Athena Catedral's curator insight, December 13, 2013 2:33 AM
Depending on your goals, the landing page potential can vary from long forms to short forms - but engaging content is always a must. Great inforgraphic


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Rugby Union
Select a team
Six Nations
- England
- France
- Ireland
- Italy
- Scotland
- Wales
Aviva Premiership
- Bath
- Exeter
- Gloucester
- Harlequins
- Leicester
- London Irish
- London Welsh
- Newcastle
- Northampton
- Sale
- Saracens
- Wasps
The Rugby Championship
- Australia
- New Zealand
- South Africa
Guinness PRO12
- Cardiff Blues
- Connacht
- Dragons
- Edinburgh
- Glasgow
- Leinster
- Munster
- Ospreys
- Scarlets
- Treviso
- Ulster
- Zebre
Top 14
- Bayonne
- Bordeaux-Begles
- Brive
- Castres
- Clermont Auvergne
- Lyon
- Montpellier
- Racing Metro
- Stade Francais
- Toulon
- Toulouse
- Grenoble
- La Rochelle
- Oyonnax
|Home team
|Away Team
|17 - 0
Match Links
- European Rugby Champions Cup
- Pool 3
- 14th Dec 2012
- Ground: Parc des Sports Aguilera
- Att: 5,000
Heineken Cup: Biarritz blitz Connacht in mudbath
Related links
Also see
Biarritz ground out a 17-0 victory over Connacht in desperate conditions to get their Heineken Cup campaign back on track.
In driving rain that saturated large parts of the pitch, the Irish side were expecting a backlash from the French giants, who sacked coaches Jack Isaac and Serge Milhas after their shock 22-14 defeat in Galway.
And so it proved as their forwards rumbled into the Connacht 22, winning two early penalties before Dimitri Yachvili struck a third-minute kick through the uprights.
As the rain continued, Connacht dug their heels in and defended manfully with young full-back Robbie Henshaw secure under the high ball and the mud-covered pack competing in stout fashion.
Dan Parks looked to give the visitors some momentum behind the scrum but the French side dominated territorial advantage and broke through on the half hour, Damien Traille's half break making the initial incision and Jean-Pascal Barraque passing precisely for the supporting Iain Balshaw to splash over in the corner.
Yachvili added the extras to take the hosts through to half-time with a 10-0 cushion, but a sin-binning for Biarritz hooker Benoit August, who got involved in some 'afters' with Johnny O'Connor, presented Connacht with an opportunity to launch themselves forward after the break.
However, Parks sent a subsequent penalty from a difficult position wide and some handling errors robbed the Irish of precious momentum in an evenly-fought third quarter.
Danie Poolman was stretchered off after taking a knee to the head and although Biarritz lost Thibault Dubarry to the sin bin they remained on the front foot.
And with the clock counting down, they pressed from a Fabien Barcella surge into the westerners' 22 and a five-metre scrum. Connacht held out until Traille opened the way for Seremaia Burotu to power past Paul O'Donohoe's last-ditch tackle in the left corner.
Yachvili converted to complete the scoring as his side moved back into second place in Pool Three behind runaway leaders Harlequins.
Sky Bet Odds:Click Here for Your Free Bet
|European Rugby Champions Cup
|Saturday 4th April
|European Rugby Champions Cup
|Leinster vs Bath
|Clermont Auvergne vs Northampton
|Sunday 5th April
|Racing Metro 92 vs Saracens
|Toulon vs Wasps
Experts & Blogs
Phil Edwards
Read the thoughts and opinions of Phil Edwards with skysports.com


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We also have other rooms in Bangkok, please feel free to check it out
Udomsuk Area
https://www.airbnb.com/rooms/2653929 (Same Building)
Asoke Area
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
Our 1 bedroom condominium is located right on the Sukhumvit main road. It is literally next to sky train BTS Udomsuk station (2 min walk)
There is a also nearby 24hr supermarket, coffee shop and plenty of street food (2 min walk).
Our room is fully furnished. It is very large, 52 sq.m.
The bedroom, living room and kitchen are properly partitioned. It is fully equipped with WIFI, 42" LCD TV with cable, fridges, air condition, iron and cooking apparels.
You also get free access to large rooftop swimming pool and fitness within the perimeter.
In terms of the neighborhood and location, the neighborhood is mainly a residential area so there are plenty of street food/morning market.
The location is fully accessible by mass transit i.e.
- BTS SkyTrain : Udomsuk Station
- Bus Station : 5 mins walk
- Free shuttle to MegaBangna/IKEA : 5 mins walk
Transportation from/to the airports is also easy
- Suvarnabhumi International Airport : 20 mins taxi
- Don Muang Airport : 40 mins on BTS then 20 mins taxi
We actually live very close by (less than 10 minutes to the place so we are always happy to help with anything :)
Nearby Attraction:
- Downtown Shopping area, Siam Square,Siam Paragon, MBK, Central world : 25 mins on BTS
- BITEC (Bangkok International Trade & Exhibition Centre) : 5 mins on BTS
- Thong Lor, Phrompong, Asoke, for bar and restaurants : 10 - 15 minutes on BTS
- Silom Road, Patpong : 30 mins on BTS
- MegaBangna (Department Store) - 20 mins on free shuttle
Guest Access
We provide and you will have access to the following
[In your room]
- Cable Internet
- 42" LCD TV with local cable TV
- Fridge & Freezer
- Kitchenware (magnetic stove, pot&pan, oven, microwave, plates and etc.)
- Iron & Ironing board
- Free weekly cleaning
- Soap and shampoo
- Towels
[Within the building]
- Rooftop garden
- Pool
- Fitness
- Laundry facility (coin operated)
Interaction with Guests
We are always happy to help with queries you have.
We will be there to greet and give you when you check in and answer any question.
Our place is non-smoking
(Please kindly smoke outside but inside our room)
No pet is allowed
Your understanding is deeply appreciated
Great host!!! Kay was so sweet and very helpful!! The place was tidy and had all the personal needs you can think of. Very convenient to go to the airport by taxi and super cheap! Transportation wise taxi is the way to go. If I ever return to Bangkok I would definitely stay at one his locations! Thanks Kay!!
Vi fik fra starten en meget positiv oplevelse af Kay. Han hjalp taxien med at finde vej pr. telefon og han stod parat ved lejligheden, da vi ankom. Han gav en god information om lejligheden og området. Lejligheden er præcis i magen til billederne. I køkkenet findes alt (email hidden) dit ophold behageligt. Der var rent og pænt i lejligheden med nye håndklæder, sæbe etc. Vi manglede intet under vores ophold. Selve lejligheden ligger perfekt i forhold til Skytrain. Der er en dejlig pool og fitnessrum i bygningen. I nabobygningen ligger et velassorteret 24-timers marked. Det tager 2 min at gå til stationen og 21 min med toget til National Stadium (MBK centret). Vi vender helt sikkert tilbage i 2016.
Kay was the geratest AirBnb-Host we ever had. The Apartment is quiet nice and in a shortdistance to the udomsuk-station (BTS-Sukhumvit-Line) located.
The cando just looks like the picture. Kay's mother is helpful and kind. We felt good when we stay in the cando. And the cando is near the BTS station, Mega Shopping mall, mini 24hour supermarket. I've used the gym room and the swimming pool. Everything is great during we stay is the apartment. Actually I want to write in Chinese because my English is not good.
我们一共有5个女生,由于提前告诉了房东,所以房东准备了足够5个人用的一切物品,包括床铺、毛巾等,房间里的物品一应俱全,还有温馨提示,除了离市中心Siam&Center World 比较远以外,其他都十分的便利.
Thanks Kay.
Logement propre et spacieux très bien situé à 2 mn du métro BTS.
Kay s'est montré disponible à l'écoute et nous a même réservé le taxi pour le jour de départ.
Bonne adresse que nous recommandons pour un séjour à Bangkok.
Kay is so so so friendly! We arrived at 3 am early in the morning and he waited for us. The house is so lovely and comfortable! It is big enough for four people. It is a good choice for a long stay!
The apartment was so great, It had everything you need. The wifi was very fast ,the room was very clean and comfortable. The host helped us many times and he was so kind and friendly.
This host has 86 reviews for other properties.View Other Reviews
My family owns several condominiums in Bangkok, particularly around Udomsuk/Sukhumvit area which is where we live.
We hope to provide affordable accommodation as well as services for your visit to Bangkok. It is our priority to ensure you have a pleasant stay and feel as much at home in Bangkok.


text:
Member Since:
November 8, 2011
United States
Product LCD-09363
about 3 years ago
I like the LCD… works great with the MLX90614cf for Infrared images.
Only problem I can print text… but cant seem to print a variable…
Can anyone help?
No public wish lists :(
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Sound of a book hitting the floor when falling. Recorded with a Zoom H2
A fiberglass archery bow bouncing to the floor. Recorded with my new zoom H4n.
Good morning, sleepyheads! It's time to wake up! Here is a loopable alarm from my wife's alarm clock. I also ...
Alarm clock's alarm is on.
Busy signal on european (excepting UK) telephony. Made with Audacity.
just like it says.
A busy tone I recorded right from the phone's speaker
phone beeping
Beeping to signal a disconnect. This sample was created by the Malex Media Network for the Malex Minute project. MalexMinute.com
Disconnected phone tones. This was generated in Adobe Audition. The timing is set to be loopable for as long as ...
Record of my cellphone while activating the buttonlock.Used my headset mic to record this.background noise was removed with Audacity.
wind, basement, dripping water
This is a sound I think I recorded at my bathroom-fan. Sounds like something that could fit as ambiance in ...
Water running through pipes in high rise apartment building. Stops at 2 minutes and becomes a steady trickle/gurgle.
Soothing recording of water burbling and wind blowing while a few crickets chirp in the background.


text:
Spartans win 1 vs. 2 showdown in Chicago
CHICAGO — Kentucky coach John Calipari knew the bright lights of the Champions Classic would get to his freshman-dominated team.
Michigan State could not boast four of the nation's top 15 recruits, but it did have the one thing Kentucky did not.
Big-game experience.
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text:
Pretty impressive in the vids
People get the government they deserve.
i heard that someone was making a load that had 3 00buck in it. do not know who. sounds like that would be pretty bad news up close.
I'm gonna sound like a smart-A$$ here but I feel strongly about this info as I've tested it extensively.
I have shot the judge and Bond so much I needed hand surgery. http://www.firearmstalk.com/forums/f14/johnny-loco-king-idiots-16174/index2.html
If you don't want to wake up one morning and find yourself dead, you better use #9 to the face and 45Colt to finish the job.
Why? When shooting hard targets like 3/4" plywood the Buckshot will bounce off and hit you or someone else. The same goes for large birdshot. Slugs tumble and sometimes deflect.
Other than the rounds I listed...Its a gimmick!
But as always, if it works for you...Go for it.
45 Colt engages the rifling and is more lethal than any other round.
Slugs will not engage the rifling.
3" buckshot is the absolute most dangerous because of low velocity as I've shot hard objects through an opening in railroad timbers.
#9 has the least amount of deflection and the most coverage.
#4 birdshot and buckshot has really bad hard target deflection as well as #6
You literally get better results from a straight 45 Colt pistol using encapsulated shotshells, they pattern better and the firearm is lighter.
But as always, if it works for you...Go for it.
"You'll shoot your eye out"
OK, Johnny; but as a self defense pistol, aren't we going to be engaging soft targets? I'm not worried about bird shot that deflects off the bad guy's forehead as long as the hole it leaves in the soft tissues is large enough to insert a soda can. The weapon look like it would be effective, is there any data where it has been tested on ballistic gelatin?
I'm sure it would be somewhat effective on a human target.
But as always, if it works for you...Go for it.
getting a handgun that shoots .410 shells is a great idea these days.Where I am from,only specific handgun ammo has a shortage,so a .410 or .22 handgun is a great way to know you can always have ammo to shoot,and at $9.97 for 25 at walmart,it isn't any more expensive to shoot than a .38spl.
You can make your own decision about "what you think is best". However, People are not made of railroad timbers. Timbers don't bleed, and they don't feel pain. 45 Colt rounds will have a longer range, no doubt. But the fact is, 95% of hostile encounters are very close. This pistol IS INTENDED for close range encounter. You saw my target. That is some serious lead splatter and you won't get that from 45 Colts. While you still have to aim to some degree, a .410 doesn't reqiire much accuracy to cause a lot of damage.
That's whe whole purpose of the "Judge". Minimal aim, maximum damage.I have shot litterally thousands of rounds through my Judge, including hundreds of 45 Colts of various load configurations. For a grab & fire hostile encounter, #4 shot made more good target hits than all the 45 Colts, and more target hits than the .410 "000" buck shot.
So, I have concluded that #4 shot provides you a better chance of hitting your assailant (with some degree of damage) when you grab your Judge and start firing it in the general direction of the assailant.


text:
"I returned this audio."
I have no idea as I couldn't listen to the recording. Awful narration.
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


text:
Each year, we run six Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge events which are open to all—participants can optionally raise money for any charity, without a minimum fundraising obligation.
We begin the Challenge at 7am in Chapel le Dale, climbing Ingleborough first, followed by Pen-y-Ghent and Whernside. We finish at the same place in Chapel le Dale.
There isn't much accommodation available within walking distance, so we include coach transfers from and back to Horton-in-Ribblesdale, before and after the challenge. You can meet us in Chapel le Dale if you prefer, from 6.30am.
Skip to bookings
Mountain guides to lead you around the route
Support vehicles to provide refreshments, and a safe means to retire from the walk if required
Accommodation isn't included, as preferences vary. Please see our list of recommended accommodation.
Please contact us if you have any questions regarding the Open Yorkshire Three Peaks events.
If you can't make one of these dates, we can organise private events throughout the year.


text:
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff U.S. Marine Gen. Peter Pace talks with George Shultz, the 60th secretary of state, during a dinner in San Francisco, May 3, 2006. Shultz received the "American Spirit Award" in recognition of his years of service to the nation.
Defense Dept. photo by U.S. Air Force Staff Sgt. D. Myles Cullen
U.S. Marine Sgt. Jonathon D. Lewis clears an abandoned house during a patrol near the town of Al Ish, Iraq, April 29, 2006. Lewis is with Weapons Company, 1st Battalion, 7th Marines Regiment.
U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Brian M. Henner
U.S. Army Pfc. Douglas Dalton posts security during a joint neighborhood patrol in Mosul, Iraq, May 2, 2006. Dalton is with 2nd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment, 172nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team.
U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. John M. Foster
Residents of Tarmiya, Iraq, line up at the gate of the town clinic, April 23, 2006, for a medical outreach program sponsored by Coalition Forces to help sustain the growing clinic and meet the needs of the local populace.
U.S. Navy photo by Petty Officer 1st Class Michael Larson
U.S. Army Sgt. Joshua Swainston, of Delta Company, 1st Battalion, 502nd Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, conducts training with Iraqi army soldiers at a traffic control point near Mahmudiyah, Iraq, April 13, 2006.
U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class David D. Isakson
U.S. Marine Corps Lance Cpl. Adam N. Ortiz, with Headquarters Company, Regimental Combat Team 5, low crawls through a sand pit while conducting combat-conditioning drills during Marine Corps Martial Arts Program training on Camp Fallujah, Iraq, April 21, 2006.
U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Spencer M. Murphy
U.S. Army Capt. Gregory Stone hands out backpacks full of supplies to students in a classroom in Al Meshreca, Iraq, May 2, 2006. Stone is from 1st Battalion, 71st Cavalry Regiment.
Defense Dept. photo by U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Kevin L. Moses Sr.
An Iraqi army soldier gives a young boy a snack during a cordon and search of homes with Iraqi police in Mosul, Iraq, May 4, 2006.
U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. John M. Foster
AFRICOM Commander Talks About Growing Challenges
℠2015 - Commander U.S. Africa Command General David Rodriguez says his command...
Air Force Tech Report Features E-3 Sentry
℠2015 - On this edition of the Air Force Tech Report, we learn more about the...
Carter Speaks On Partnerships At State Department
℠2015 - Secretary of Defense Ash Carter stressed the need for departments to...
End of Iwo Jima Remembered 70 Years Later
℠2015 - U.S. and Japanese Veterans gather to remember those who lost their...


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New To the Civil War Memory Library, 08/02
My reading has been all over the place this summer, though much of it has been centered on the history of the Holocaust and Germany, which I will teach for the first time this year. I've also decided as a new transplant to Boston that it is time to look more closely at the abolitionist movement.
Joseph Ellis, Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence, (Knopf, 2013).
Julie Roy Jeffrey, Abolitionists Remember: Antislavery Autobiographies and the Unfinished Work of Emancipation, (University of North Carolina Press, 2008).
Barbara Krauthamer, Black Slaves, Indian Masters: Slavery, Emancipation, and Citizenship in the Native American South, (University of North Carolina Press, 2013).
W. Caleb McDaniel, The Problem of Democracy in the Age of Slavery: Garrisonian Abolitionists and Transatlantic Reform, (Louisiana State University Press, 2013).
Joanne Pope Melish, Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and "Race" in New England, 1780-1860, (Cornell University Press, 1998).
Henry McNeal Turner, Freedom's Witness: The Civil War Correspondence of Henry McNeal Turner, (reprint, University of West Virginia Press, 2013).
Bruce Watson, Bread and Roses: Mills, Migrants, and the Struggle for the American Dream, (Penguin 2005).


text:
Senior Member
1000th reply?
edit: oh yeah
Don't bump this if there's no new information. They'll get to us when they get to us. They haven't forgotten about it if you haven't. Keep in mind, they work on the game, and there are things they can and cannot tell us. Obviously they're not ready to share more info on the stealth remake, and since it only affects two champions in the game, I doubt they've got it at a high priority, considering there are over 90 champs now.
well its been months sense a reply, and we were supposed to get the remake back in october...love riot
bump for justice
Tibbers Bot
Hey morelleo since Kayle needs a rework and teemo is a scout anyway can you just make these two champions members of the stealth club.. Also why not have Mundos cleavers see invis it is science... Mundo throw Mundo see.... Also change other champs to kinda counter?
© 2015 Riot Games, Inc. All rights reserved. Riot Games, League of Legends and PvP.net are trademarks, services marks, or registered trademarks of Riot Games, Inc.


text:
Dosing Times Of The Hepatitis B Vaccine
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
Serbia calling... failure in hep B vaccination and more...Hello dear Dr. McGovern,I am writing to ask about vaccination against hepatitis A and B. I read here on this website that all people who are HIV positive and men who have sex with men should be vaccinated against hep B and hep A. That is the reason...
Response from Barbara McGovern, M.D.
Tufts University School of Medicine...Good questions.You point out a very important issue for HIV infected patients. Hepatitis B vaccine leads to protection in greater than 90 percent of individuals, but those with HIV infection have lower rates of efficacy. There Read more »
Hep B Vaccine not workingI've taken the Hepatitis B vaccine at least three times now. Once involved me coming in once a week... Read more »
Hep B immunisation for hiv positive folksDear Robert,You are wonderful and your comments in this forum helped me a lot! I am HIV positive.... Read more »
Hepatitis B FAQs for the Public...virus, call your health professional or your health department. If a person who has been exposed to Hepatitis B virus gets the Hepatitis B vaccine and/or a shot called "HBIG" (Hepatitis B immune globulin) within 24 hours, Hepatitis B infection... Read more »
Hepatitis B FAQs for Health Professionals...disease programs Institutions and nonresidential day care facilities for developmentally disabled persons What are the Hepatitis B vaccines licensed for use in the United States? Two single-antigen vaccines and three combination... Read more »
Hepatitis B Vaccine: Fact Sheet...strongly endorse using hepatitis B vaccine as a safe and effective way to prevent disease and death. Scientific data show that hepatitis B vaccines are very safe for infants, children, and adults. There is no confirmed evidence which... Read more »
HAART Use Improves Hepatitis B Vaccine Response, Even at High CD4 Counts...vaccine responses in our cohort of HIV-positive individuals, of which we looked at 626 participants who had been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine after their HIV diagnosis. Michael Landrum, M.D. What we found was that individuals... Read more »
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the vaccines extend the period of window?
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View InTheMoneyStocks.com's Instablogs on:
Three Reasons Why Crude Won't Trade Above $77.00 Anytime Soon
As you all know, oil prices have plunged lower since June 2014. Many so-called experts such as T. Boone Pickens are predicting oil prices will go back to $100.00 a barrel. Below I will give you three reasons why oil prices will not trade back above $77.00 in the next year and possibly longer.
1. The U.S. Dollar has officially broken out to the upside on the charts and this will keep oil prices in check for a very long time. You see, oil around the world is traded in U.S. Dollars. The U.S. Dollar is considered to be the world's reserve currency. So if you live in Japan and want to buy a barrel of oil you need to convert Japanese Yen into U.S. Dollars before you can buy that barrel of crude. Traders should note that as long as the U.S Dollar remains strong crude prices will remain weak. Just look at the chart below and you will easily see the inverse relationship between the price of crude and the rise in the U.S. Dollar.
2. Other central banks will continue to devalue their currencies for the next couple of years. This stimulus act by the central banks around the world such as the Europe Central Bank(ECB) and the Bank of Japan(BOJ) will help to strengthen the U.S Dollar for years to come. Basically, the U.S. Dollar is strengthening because of all money printing by other central banks. Once again, a strong U.S. Dollar means a weaker price in crude.
3. Many countries including China and the United States have vowed to promote solar and other alternative energy sources. It is easy to see how many people are now driving hybrid and electric cars already. Solar and alternative energy technology continues to improve for commercial and residential use and this should cause the use of fossil fuels to decline. Many countries such as the United States, and Canada have unlimited supplies of natural gas which could also cause put pressure on oil prices for years to come.
Nick Santiago
Does Anyone Believe Goldman Sachs And The Fed Are Not One In The Same?
Today, the big news report in the financial media is that Goldman Sachs Group Inc (NYSE:GS) has fired a junior employee and a supervisor for leaking confidential information from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Is anyone surprised that this incident actually happened in the first place? The answer is, no. In fact, the market does not care that information sharing occurred between Goldman and the Federal Reserve, as long as the stock market continues to rise. If this incident occurred in a bear market, then all hell would break loose, but that is not the case at this time. Here is another question, does anyone believe that this information sharing is not going on at other large "too big to fail" firms? If you still believe it is not, then I have a bridge to sell you. The bottom line, Goldman and the Fed are basically one in the same.
Nick Santiago
InTheMoneyStocks.comTags: GS
The TJX Companies Inc Goes On Sale At This Level
This morning, leading off-price apparel and home fashions retailer The TJX Companies Inc (NYSE:TJX) is declining lower after reporting earnings. The TJX Companies Inc operates its stores under the T.J. Maxx, Marshalls, HomeGoods, and Winners trademarks. Today, the TJX stock price is trading lower by $1.77 to $59.76 a share. Day traders should now watch for intra-day support around the $58.36 level. This is an area on the chart that should be support by the institutional money.
Nick Santiago
Originally Posted on InTheMoneyStocks.comTags: TJX
Three Reasons Why Crude Won't Trade Above $77.00 Anytime Soon http://seekingalpha.com/p/24jwn Dec 19, 2014
This Chart Pattern Consistently Makes Fast Money... [video] http://bit.ly/1A9lPgA Dec 8, 2014
Does Anyone Believe Goldman Sachs And The Fed Are Not One In The Same? $GS http://seekingalpha.com/p/22oyx Nov 20, 2014
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Sioux Falls police officer shoots, kills dog after attack
SIOUX FALLS (AP) — Sioux Falls police say an officer responding to a report of domestic assault was attacked by a dog and dispatched the animal with his sidearm.
KSFY-TV reports that the officer went to a home Wednesday afternoon to look for a suspect in a domestic assault.
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Body of missing man found in Morrison County
BUCKMAN — The body of a missing 37-year-old Zimmerman man was found Wednesday in a swampy area southwest of Buckman in Morrison County.
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Which wall color matches light yellow wall tiles better?
janesylviaFebruary 14, 2013
I am considering BM yellow freeze (very light yellow) or frosty lime (very light green) or some other light color for the bathrooms. Master bathroom has the light gray marble like wall tiles. Hallway bathroom has the light yellow marble like wall tiles.
The interviewed contractor said it would not look good if I match yellow wall tiles with yellow walls. Was he right?
Thank you very much.
A light grey may look very nice in both bathrooms. It works well with yellow tile.
I'm using gray walls with a yellow vanity and paler yellow ceiling, and the yellow looks great with the gray.


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How to dye the perfect Easter egg—no kit required!
Why your BF doesn't notice your new 'do
How to deal when your bestie is a total social butterfly
Fash face off: Kids' Choice Awards
April Fools' Day: Jokes on You!
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#1 Oatmeal—healthy when ya make it at home and keep the yummy add-ins like brown sugar to a minimum.
But even if you get it without the brown sugar at McDonald's, you're still eating 18 g of sugar. That's a lot—more than 4 teaspoon-fulls of sugar and 6 g short of what nutritionists recommend you consume on a daily basis.
#2 The McWrap--yeah, we know it sounds like a healthy fast food sandwich option, but it's not.
Even when you opt for grilled over fried—ahem, crispy—you're still ingesting at least a quarter of your recommended fat intake for the day and half your recommended sodium. And that's without fries and a soft drink.
#3 Chocolate milk is now fat-free—awesome! Except, not.
Know how dairy companies make fat-free chocolate milk taste good? More sugar—think 22 g worth in this case.
#4 Whole wheat buns FTW! But, wait…
Only one of their buns has whole wheat flour, and it's not even the first ingredient (that would be enriched white flour, thank you very much—the only flour included in the other buns). McD's boasts 8 g of whole grains in their buns, but even that is only half of a full serving, per the USDA. Weirder? If you're eating real whole grain bread, one one-ounce slice is one 16 g serving. Hm.
#5 Just 'cause it's fruity doesn't mean it's health food
Case in point? The Wild Berry Smoothie, which packs 54 g of sugar. To be fair, fruit does have natural sugar. But generally speaking, not that much sugar.
Bottom line: No matter where you eat, it's important to look beyond the surface. When you're picking out bread at the grocery store, analyze the label before tossing it in the cart. Check out the additives in your favorite yogurt. Even if you're not going to change the way you eat, it's important to know what, exactly, your putting in your body. Consider balancing high sugar snacks with fiber and protein, or making easy swaps elsewhere to lighten up your daily dish.
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Design your dress with Duck Tape for a chance to win $10,000
Wanna stick out at prom? Check out Duck Tape's #StuckAtProm scholarship contest for a chance to show off your ah-mazing design skills! More than $50,000 in scholarships is up for grabs—CLICK HERE for deets.


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By John Paul Schmidt
At the Jaycees Demolition Derby
July 25, 2014
Eric Seidle
The Jaycees Demolition Derby and Bump 'N' Run was bigger and better this year at the Great Northern Fair in Havre Sunday.
Twenty-one full-sized derby cars and four herby cars took part in this year's show put on by the Havre Jaycees and all but one of them were moving at the end of the event.
The engines roared in the muddy pit in front of over 1,400 fans and rammed into each other until their opponents or themselves were unable to continue.
The bump 'n' run was a new addition to the derby this year and brought cars built for the track rather than the arena to take laps around the Great...
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NFB Releases Vincent Morisset's 'Way to Go' Online
An interactive experience "for human beings between 5 and 105 years old," 'Way to Go' is the follow-up to Morisset's 2014 SXSW winner 'BLA BLA.'
An interactive experience "for human beings between 5 and 105 years old," 'Way to Go' is the follow-up to Morisset's 2014 SXSW winner 'BLA BLA.'
First-of-its-kind specialized diploma program features industry-standard curriculum implementing the process and pipeline used at MPC and other Vancouver-area visual effects studios.
Laser Pegs spinoff iStory Animation teams with global entertainment production and distribution company DQ Entertainment to develop and produce CGI animated series 'Peg Heads.'
Australian animation and visual effects studio completes 550 shots for the 3D/2D/live-action hybrid feature, including building and animating the SpongeBob entourage for their big-screen CG debut.
'Birdman' soars at CAS Awards; 'Big Hero 6' takes Animation Award; David Macmillan, CAS honored with CAS Career Achievement Award; Richard Linklater presented with CAS Filmmaker Award.
'Birdman' wins American Society of Cinematographers theatrical award; 'Boardwalk Empire' and 'Manhattan' take top honors in TV categories; Spotlight Award goes to 'Concrete Night.'
New Deadline feature simplifies the creation of cloud-based render farms; Beta access comes with $500 credit for Google Cloud Platform render resources.
Dutch filmmaking trio Job, Joris & Marieke employ Maxon's industry-leading 3D software to animate their Academy Award-nominated short film, 'A Single Life.'
Next-gen texture compositing tool adds node processing and transfer baker, procedural art improvements usher in new hub for PBR pipelines.
Hornet joins forces with Leo Burnett London creative team Liam & Alison for 'Lucy and The Boy,' the second spot produced for the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children's 'Share Aware' campaign.
Studio strikes deal with iconic television producers Sid and Marty Krofft to develop a reimagined pilot of classic '70s live-action children series 'Sigmund and the Sea Monsters.'
Directed by Adolescent Content's 15-year-old director Claire Jantzen, animated short will be shown in theaters and air on the Disney Channel.
Big Block creates a powerhouse team with Corwin Carroll, Scott Prisand, Tom Pellegrini assuming concurrent roles as executive producers at Big Block Live.
Global short film and video competition for the film and advertising industries recognizes House Special's 'A Tale of Momentum & Inertia,' 'A Girl Named Elastika' directed by Guillaume Blanchet, and NYOD 'Long Live New York' by Y&R New York.
Move underlines role as the leading trade organization for industry professionals across the content production, finishing, distribution through archive lifecycle.
'Batman' screenwriter Sam Hamm to develop script about an infestation of deadly hallucinogenic spores based on author Sayuri Ueda's short story, 'The Street of Fruiting Bodies.'
Michelle Melanson Cuperus is promoted to Executive Producer; Emmy-winning producer Susie Grondin is hired as Supervising Producer.
Anime action film adventure based on smash hit Japanese superhero franchise debuts on DVD and Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack filled with special bonus features.
Disney's senior management team now to report jointly to Disney CEO Bob Iger and newly-anointed Chief Operating Officer Thomas O. Staggs.
Multi-platform 'edutainment' channel launching in partnership with Bright Educational Media to include both original and licensed content.
Animated Shorts program includes Sundance winner Don Hertzfeldt's 'World of Tomorrow' and the new Pixar short 'Lava.'
3D conversion company partners with Metaverse on 'The Recruit: R U In,' a new interactive project currently featured on Samsung's Milk VR store.


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New Computer & OS - Need Help!
Hi folks. My elderly computer went south bigtime 2 weeks ago (he's in the shop and the comp guy is attempting to retrieve whatever data he can). And yes, I had a backup/rescue disk, but it's corrupted and unuseable.
Anyway, because of long work hours I just this morning got my new fancy-dancy machine hooked up and online (came here first, of course, since I was having WS withdrawal symptoms) and I'm close to panicking because nothing looks the same!
Mainly I'm in a tizzy because there doesn't seem to be any handy Outlook Express icon anywhere. While I dread having to wade through 2 weeks of email, it's got to be done. Does anyone with Vista have any tips? Or should I just go ahead and call my ISP's holier-than-thou customer service reps?
The answers to all your problems are at GardenWbebs Computer Help Forum This forum is meant for the discussion of personal computers, including recommendations, common problems and solutions.
These people will want to know which computer and OS you have acquired.


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"Exactly as I was hoping everything would look. I ordered several pieces with this design and every thing was amazing. The customer service staff was also lovely to work with and quickly answered every questions that arose."
"I was concerned that this card would be too small to fit all of my information on it. However the customer service was wonderful in helping me fit everything on the front and back. The text size was not too small and it turned out great. I am so happy with how it turned out!"
"We debated adding Accommodations cards to our invitations since we have a website and assumed people could get their information there. However, I am so glad I changed my mind! These are perfectly matched to my invitations and they are the perfect size...about the same size as the response card. They shouldn't drive up shipping costs when sending the invites. I modified the card to say the name of our hotel block in the top box above the hotel information and used the bottom box (under the address) to include information about the wedding website. I love that someone edits each card personally to catch minor grammatical errors, etc."
"Everyone is talking about our invitations...they are unique, high-quality and classy. I love them and working with your company was an absolute breeze! If only the rest of the wedding planning were as smooth. Thanks again!"
"It took me a long time to decide on invitations and once I had seen these they were a must have. They turned out gorgeous. I loved how I got to proof everything to make sure that it was exactly how I wanted. The foil is the perfect touch to these invitations. They definitely leave a last impression. I am more than happy with how everything turned out."


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My 2 friends and I visited this restaurant on a rainy Thursday night looking for some good food and we found it. We all enjoyed our wine and meals from appetizer to dessert! Everything was delicious and tasty. I had the bouillabaisse which had clam, mussel, shrimp, scallops, etc. It was warm and hit the spot on a cold rainy day. The caramel flan was also a winner. The chef and waitress were friendly and service was great. The chef also came by early on in the meal to see how things were. We invited him to have a drink with us so we can ask him about his restaurant; he joined us after our meal and we had a great time. The chef is extremely personable and hilarious.
If you own or manage La Nicoise Cafe, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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37. Vegetable Crops (Chili Pepper and Onion): Approaches to Improve Crop Productivity and Abiotic Stress Tolerance
- Dr. Narendra Tuteja2,3,
- Dr. Sarvajeet Singh Gill2,4,
- Prof. Antonio F. Tiburcio5 and
- Dr. Renu Tuteja2
Published Online: 30 MAR 2012
DOI: 10.1002/9783527632930.ch37
Copyright © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
Book Title
Improving Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stress, Volume 1 & Volume 2
Additional Information
How to Cite
Kunchge, N., Kumar, K. and Firke, P. (2012) Vegetable Crops (Chili Pepper and Onion): Approaches to Improve Crop Productivity and Abiotic Stress Tolerance, in Improving Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stress, Volume 1 & Volume 2 (eds N. Tuteja, S. S. Gill, A. F. Tiburcio and R. Tuteja), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. doi: 10.1002/9783527632930.ch37
Editor Information
- 2
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Plant Molecular Biology Group, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
- 3
MD University, Centre for Biotechnology, Rohtak 124 001, Haryana, India
- 4
Aligarh Muslim University, Department of Botany, Aligarh 202 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- 5
Universitat de Barcelona, Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Av. Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Publication History
- Published Online: 30 MAR 2012
- Published Print: 14 MAR 2012
ISBN Information
Print ISBN: 9783527328406
Online ISBN: 9783527632930
- Summary
- Chapter
- References
- abiotic stress tolerance;
- chili pepper;
- crop improvement;
- onion;
- transcription factors;
- transgenic plants
The changing environments pose serious challenges to global agriculture and place unprecedented pressures on the sustainability of agriculture production. Climatic changes have been influencing the severity of environmental stress imposed on vegetable crops. Vegetable production is threatened by various abiotic stresses such as increased soil salinity, drought, temperature fluctuations, and so on. Success in breeding for varieties better adapted to abiotic stresses depends upon the concerted efforts by various research domains including plant and cell physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and breeding. The use of modern molecular biology tools for elucidating the control mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance and for engineering stress-tolerant crops is based on the expression of specific stress-related genes. In this chapter, we have reviewed the studies reported on various factors responsible for abiotic stress in plants especially in vegetables with reference to chili pepper and onion. Physiological and molecular changes at genetic level during the stress response of plants are discussed briefly. This chapter emphasizes on the recent efforts to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants by employing some of the stress-related genes and transcription factors in chili pepper and onion plants. The conventional breeding methods can be complemented by an array of biotechnological tools to augment vegetable production by saving time and resources. Molecular and genomics analyses have facilitated gene discovery and enabled genetic engineering using several functional or regulatory genes to activate specific or broad pathways related to abiotic stress tolerance in plants. There is a clear and urgent need to introduce stress tolerance genes into crop plants, in addition to establishing gene stacking or gene pyramiding.


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Interview: Katie Cassidy Talks The Scribbler
Struggling to truly understand the equally powerful and painful emotions that drive distinctly different personalities to commit deceptive and at-times destructive acts towards themselves and those around them can be a harrowing process. When those clashingly diverse personalities are living within the same person, that battle can be even more difficult to overcome. But actress Katie Cassidy enthrallingly showcased the strong willpower her character, Suki, drew on in the new independent thriller, 'The Scribbler,' to overcome the conflicting personalities within her. The film, which was directed by John Suits and written by Daniel Schaffer, who based the script on his own graphical novel of same name, grippingly showcases Suki battling [ Read More ]


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March 13, 2015
Irina Lerman Attends Endocrine Society's Annual Meeting & Expo
Current MD/PhD student, Irina Lerman attended the Endocrine Society's Annual Meeting & Expo in March 2015, held in San Diego. She was invited to compete in the Presidential Poster Competition for her first-authored top-scoring abstract, titled Neutrophil elastase potentiates human prostate cancer growth in mouse models. She is a first year graduate student in Dr. Steve Hammes' lab.
The Endocrine Society's Annual Meeting Steering Committee (AMSC) is an annual meeting incorporating current endocrine topics, speakers from around the world, and new and innovative formats that will incorporate basic research, clinical investigation, and clinical practice, with a goal of providing a venue for bridging the gaps in science and practice. The ENDO 2016 meeting in Boston, will celebrate the Centennial of the Endocrine Society.
February 23, 2015
SMD Ranks 12th Nationally in New Model to Evaluate Academic Physicians/Medical Schools
The School of Medicine and Dentistry placed 12th nationally in a new ranking designed to evaluate medical schools' production of academic physicians who advance medicine through basic, clinical, translational and implementation science research. The new model, detailed in Academic Medicine, the journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, analyzes publications, grants, clinical trials and awards or honors for medical school graduates to arrive at a ranking that the authors argue is based on more relevant and objective criteria than those that dominate the current ranking systems.
The well-known yearly analysis performed by U.S. News & World Report has become the main tool to compare U.S. medical schools, but these rankings of research medical schools rely heavily on subjective and premedical student performance measures, including assessment scores from medical school deans, undergraduate grade point averages and school acceptance rates. Although U.S. News' research schools rankings incorporate total NIH funding and NIH dollars-per-faculty-member, these factors account for just 15 percent of the total score. (SMD was #34 in the 2015 U.S. News rankings; the 2016 rankings are due out next month.)
February 1, 2015
MSTP Announces 40th Anniversary Celebration!
Edward M.
The Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) is excited to announce a celebration of the 40th anniversary of the MSTP NIH training grant on Friday, October 9, 2015.
The keynote speaker will be an MSTP alumni from the Class of 1980: Edward Rubin, MD, PhD, Director, DOE Joint Genome Institute.
Edward M.
EddyRubin is an internationally-known geneticist and medical researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, where he became head of the Genomic Sciences Division in 1998. In 2002 he assumed the directorship of the DOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI) to lead the JGI 's involvement in the Human Genome Project (HGP).
For more information and schedule of events for the day, please visit the MSTP 40th Anniversary page.
February 1, 2015
MSTP Monthly Social Event: Curling
This past Saturday, January 31, the MSTP students visited the Rochester Curling Club for their monthly social event. Many of the current MSTP students attended the event including, Kyle Koster, Andrew Shubin, Andrew Cox, Aisha Seibert, Drew and Liz Scoles, Scott Friedland, and Kevin Makino.
Dating back to medieval Scotland, Curling is an Olympic sport (since 1998) in which players slide stones on a sheet of ice towards a target area which is segmented into four concentric circles. The sport has become increasingly popular with over 1.5 million curlers across the world.
Below are some photos and videos of the event. Please join us for our next social event!


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Archive for 'February 1st, 2012'
Simplemente Ingrid Hoffmann
(Editor's note: Ingrid Hoffmann's new book Latin d'Lite: Delicious Recipes with a Healthy Twist, was released this week, on April 2. We last profiled the hometown cooking diva last February, just as she was expanding her [...]
Food & Dining
- South Florida chefs edged out of James Beard nominationsWhile two South Florida chefs were among the semifinalists for the prestigious Best Chef in the South by the James Beard Foundation, both were edged out when nominees were announced in New York.
- Kathie Lee Gifford to pitch wine in BocaKathie Lee Gifford, the wine guzzling co-host of the fourth hour of the "Today" show, is coming to Whole Foods Market in Boca Raton March 28 to sign bottles of her newly launched wine brand.
The Go Guide
- Bringing home the bacon (and bourbon)The inaugural bacon- and booze-themed bash aims to satisfy stomachs, clog arteries this weekend in Delray Beach.The inaugural bacon- and booze-themed bash aims to satisfy stomachs, clog arteries this weekend in Delray Beach.
- Nanny Assis leading musical tour of Brazil in Pompano and DelrayMusician Nanny Assis had to leave his native Brazil to discover how much he loved its music. The drummer grew up surrounded by Brazilian music, but preferred playing rock 'n' roll and jazz. He only got into bossa nova and other Brazilian genres after he moved to New York in his late 20s.
Shopping & Beauty
- Coupon: Free $10 gift card with grocery purchase at Target, PublixWoohoo!
- Fee tax prep, filing for families and seniors from VITA, AARPPut the words "THE" and "IRS" together and it spells "THEIRS."
Rod Hagwood
- Shuzz charity fashion show at Boca's Mizner ParkThe fifth annual Shuzz Arts Fashion Show – the fundraiser that donates shoes to impoverished children all over the world – returns Boca Raton this year, this time at Mizner Park Amphitheater on Thursday, April 2.
- Nicki Minaj kimono designer stages Miami Beach fashion showYou know what Japanese Spring Festival means: kimono fashion show!
Sun Sentinel Breaking News
- Fugitive LAPD rookie once had a 'straight arrow' reputationThe haunting last image of Henry Solis in the United States was taken by a security camera at the El Paso-Ciudad Juarez border.
- 'Open the damn door,' captain yelled to Lubitz, German paper reportsThe captain of the Germanwings plane yelled "Open the damn door" at his colleague who had locked him out of the cockpit just moments before the doomed aircraft slammed into a mountain in the French Alps, a German newspaper reported Sunday.
- Air Canada plane skids off Halifax runway on 'abrupt' landingAn Air Canada plane made an "abrupt" landing and left the runway at the Halifax airport in bad weather, and officials said early Sunday that 25 people were taken to a hospital for observation and treatment of minor injuries.
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