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Technical Papers and Presentations
Modeling Heat and Oxygen Atom Diffusion in Nuclear Fuel Rods with FEMLAB
Ramirez, J.C., Cristea, P., Stan, M.
Materials Science & Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory
The nuclear reaction is modeled as a uniformly distributed volumetric heat source. All heat is conducted from the fuel towards the outer surface of the cladding. A number of results are presented.
Modeling transport in silicon nanocrystal structure
Leroy, Y., Leriche, B., Cordan, A.S.
InESS — ENSPS, UMR 7163, ILLKIRCH, France
We present in this paper a model to study new memory devices with embedded nanocrystals, emerging in microelectronics. The theoretical calculations and their implementation in FEMLAB are detailed, leading to a quite simple and realistic model. One key point for these memories is the electronic tunnel transfer to store the charge into a nanocrystal. This is why we carry out a brief analysis of ...
Power transmission lines generated electric and magnetic fields calculations
EL-Fouly, T.H.M.1, EL-Saadany, E.F.1, Salama, M.M.A.1, Abdel-Galil, T.K.2, Habiballah, I.O.2
1 Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept., University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
2 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
This paper invetigates using the FEMLAB software modules in calculating the electromagnetic fields generated in the vicinity of High Voltage (HV) power transmission lines. The analysis presented in this paper is divided into two main parts. The first part investigate the effectivness of using the electrostatic and magnetotstatic modules of the FEMLAB software in claculating the generated ...
Implementation of a multi-axial pseudoelastic model in FEMLAB to predict dynamical behavior of shape memory alloys
Thiebaud, F., Collet, M., Foltete, E., Lexcellent C.
Institut FEMTO ST, UMR CNRS 6174, département LMARC
We present here how we have implemented the « RL model » ([RLT92]) in the multiphysic software FEMLAB. Beam in traction, a plate in pure shear, in proportional bitraction have been modelling. These studies will allow building some non linear "super-element" able to design composite structure, for dynamical studies with the built-in MATLAB interface.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Propagation for Evaluating the Dimensions of a Large Lossy Medium
A. Pellegrini[1] and F. Costa[1]
[1]ALTRAN Italia, Pisa, Italy
In this paper the propagation of a plane wave in a large lossy medium is presented. The investigated geometry consists in a wedgeshaped lossy dielectric embedded in a lossy material with different electromagnetic properties. The aim of the study is to determine the feasibility of a radar technique for measuring the length of the dielectric wedge. In order to address this problem and to evaluate ...
Simulations of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Experiments in Pure Negative and Positive Feedback Mode with Ring Microelectrodes
J. Mauzeroll[1], M. Mayoral[1], and D. Fabre[1]
[1]Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful tool recently developed for studying structures and processes in micrometer and submicrometer sized systems. It can probe electron, ion, and molecule transfers, and other reactions at solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid, interfaces . This versatility allows for the investigation of a wide variety of processes, from metal corrosion to metabolism ...
Lösung eines gekoppelten Konvektions-Diffusions-Problems aus der Akustik
G. Bärwolff
TU Berlin, Inst.f.Math., Berlin
Zur effizienten Beschreibung akustischer Systeme werden oft sogenannte Netzwerkmodelle benutzt. Hierbei wird das Gesamtsystem in einzelne (einfache) Elemente zerteilt, die dann jeweils durch ihr eigenes Übertragungsverhalten charakterisiert sind. Besonders einfach lässt sich dieses Übertragungsverhalten darstellen, wenn zwischen den Elementen nur ebene Wellen ausbreitungsfähig sind.1 In ...
Estimation of Boundary Properties Using Stochastic Differential Equations and COMSOL
A. Atalla[1], and A. Jeremic[1]
[1]McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
The inverse diffusion problems deal with the estimation of many crucial parameters such as the diffusion coefficient, source properties, and boundary conditions. Such algorithms are widely applied in many design problems in different physical, chemical, and biological fields. Recently, the estimation of the boundary properties, of the diffusion process, have attracted researchers. We first ...
Simulation and Evaluation of Small High-Frequency Side Scan Sonars Using COMSOL
J. Jonsson[1], E. Edqvist[1], H. Kratz[1], M. Almqvist[2], and G. Thornell[1]
[1]Ångström Space Technology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
[2]Department of Measurement Technology and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
High frequency side-scan sonar, to be fitted on a miniaturized submersible explorer, have been simulated and built. The purpose of this study is to see if COMSOL Multiphysics® can be used to predict the performance of the sonar, especially the beam width, setting the resolution of the system. Four models were created, from simple 2-D geometries to more complex 3-D models. The simulated beam ...
Inlay Fixed Partial Denture Framework 3-D Structural Integrity Validation Using COMSOL Multiphysics®
T.M.R. Alho[1]
[1]Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland
Manual manufacturing of inlay fixed partial denture frameworks by metal casting can take hours of dental practitioners work time. This paper introduces 3-D simulations of premanufactured inlay fixed partial denture framework assembled from laser cut sheet metal parts. The study gives a good estimation of how well the frameworks can withstand strong human occlusion forces and masticatory cycle. ...


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We stayed in December 2012. The owner was very helpful in securing a last minute booking for us. The accommodation was spotless, so convenient to all the local amenities and the ferry and more than we ever expected! Our hosts gave us advice on what to do and where to eat. It was the ideal home for a perfect occasion. Thank you.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The best waterfront location in central Paihia, surrounded by an abundance of historical sites, cafes & good restaurants, shops, wharf, bus depot & all the water based excursions & fishing boats are just across the road. Waitangi - our birth place, is a short walk along the foreshore. The beach is at our gate!Our apartments have recently been refurbished, are of solid construction and strictly non-smoking, they are clean, warm, comfortable & quiet. ... more less
- Also Known As:
- Ala-Moana Motel Paihia, Bay Of Islands

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61 year old woman | Trafford, PA, USA | Seeking men 56-64 within 50 miles
Just trying to move on.
I was married to the love of my life for 36 years. He unexpectantly died. He is in a better place and would want me to move on with my life. I am grateful for everyday. I am looking for someone to share the rest of my life with.
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Hobbies and crafts , Movies/Videos , Exploring new areas , Playing cards , Shopping/Antiques , Travel/Sightseeing , Video games , Volunteering , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Basketball, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Football, Hockey, Swimming, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking
I exercise 5 or more times per week.
I have Dogs
I like Cats, Fish, Horses
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Anywhere there are mountains or a beach!
Robert Morris University, Moon Township, PA
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The Albert 1er restaurant is closed every Tuesday lunch,
all day Wednesday and Thursday lunch.
Lunchtime at the Albert 1er
Menu du Midi - 39 €uro
An appetizer and a dish from the "Petite Fête Gourmande" menu, cheese OR dessert.
This menu can be served on the terrace facing Mont Blanc, weather permitting.
Daily Lunch Menu - 75 €uro
A starter, main course, selection of cheeses and desserts,
including 2 glasses of wine chosen in accordance with the menu.
Proposed Lunch and Dinner Menus
La Petite Fête Gourmande du Marché - 85 €
A daily menu consisting of a starter, first course, main course, selection of cheeses and desserts.
Proposed for lunch and dinner, this menu changes on a daily basis according to the best products available on the market.
Daily Menu at - 60 €
You choose two dishes from the three proposed in the menu
"PETITE FÊTE GOURMANDE DU MARCHE", plus cheese and dessert trolleys.
(served every day except Friday and Saturday evenings and bank holidays)
La Maison de Savoie - 156 € per person
Nine courses covering three regions: Piémont, Comtés de Nice and Savoie
"Foie gras de canard" in ballotine, beetroot, balsamic and green apple.
Leeks, calf's foot, quail egg and Alverta Royal caviar.
Pike perch from the Geneva Lake, gentian and candied lemon pulp.
'Pousse en claire' oyster, fenel and Ayze local wine.
Snails of the Mont Blanc, polenta and parsley juice.
Black truffle 'Ile Flottante", root vegetable stock and toasted brioche with pig's trotter.
Racan pigeon breast with Dolcetto d'Alba wine, cherry and cocoa,
celery mousseline and "pomme dauphine".
Trolley with a choice of fresh and mature French and Italian cheeses.
Lace orange, grapefruit creamy and white tea sorbet.
Green Chartreuse and Java Isle grand cru chocolate tart.
Bite-sized chocolates and desserts.
To assure our guests the best service possible, this menu can only be served for an entire table.


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vector design - comes in any color!
This great custom product in white from our department Men and T-Shirt category can be printed just for you in the size and style you like. The design georgia was created by frednil and uploaded to Spreadshirt for you to have printed on a T-Shirt. Next to a host of other great customized designs, you can find this georgia design in Spreadshirt's States category. If you are interested in topics like America or Patriotic, then you'll love georgia designs by frednil. Spreadshirt also offers a huge selection of custom t-shirts, hoodies and accessories for the category States as well as top States clothing. frednil's designs have already impressed many of our customers, so we are sure that we've got right stuff for you! Spreadshirt is your destination for great designs of all kinds – whether it's America, Patriotic or States. We are sure that you will find something nice in our shop, there are many amazing custom States t-shirts, hoodies, or accessories for you to find! Tags: Design ID: 10591058
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Chief Executive Officer David Abney's salary grew 104.9% in 2014, according to investment advisor Seeking Alpha.
AlixPartners says liner carriers face "headwinds related to continued supply and demand imbalances."
39-year-old Nicolas Burr was formerly CFO of Santiago, Chile-based ocean carrier CSAV from 2012 to 2015.
Real time data needed for distributing, marketing, promotional and sales activities, according to the Global Shippers Alliance.
A bipartisan group of former Commerce Department secretaries urged Congress to pass Trade Promotion Authority, which expired back in July 2007.
The latest round of congestion mitigation at the port involves transferring of RTG cranes to Portsmouth terminal.


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Movie Preview: No Reservations
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In No Reservations, Catherine Zeta-Jones plays Kate, a perfectionistic chef who becomes responsible for her young niece Zoe (Abigail Breslin) after Zoe's mother tragically dies. Meanwhile, a hot new sous chef (Aaron Eckhart) starts to move in on Kate's territory and, I'm assuming, her heart. YumSugar, PartySugar and I are going to see this together this week, so here's hoping we don't end up gagging on the massive amounts of cheese this movie seems to be serving up (i.e. "I wish there was a cookbook for life!"). Check back for my review this Friday July 27 when the movie opens, and in the meantime you can check out the trailer if you read more
No Reservations
Abigail Breslin
Catherine Zeta-Jones
miss_smsm 7 years
It looks so nice.. I will see it
tdamji 7 years
i was wondering if this had to do with Mostly Martha! I liked that movie though, so this one might also be good. :)
Food 7 years
I'll admit, I'm a little skeptical but I'll try to watch it with an open mind. It's actually a remake of a 2001 German film called Mostly Martha. I just hope there's lots of yummy food to look at!
heather13 7 years
I'll take my gram to see it. I'm a fan of all 3 and I have thing about food and stupid rom-coms. It's like chick lit - I just can't help myself.
Linda-McP 7 years
Looking forward to your cutting edge review, Buzz! Seriously, sometimes cheesy and predictable is just what I need, so I'll probably rent this one.
pinkflats 7 years
Thanks buzz, lol.
Entertainment 7 years
Ha ha ha, nice pun, pinkflats! I'll try to keep the rage in my searing review down to a low boil. ;)
pinkflats 7 years
because i have been loving almost anything that invloves food (Ratatouille, next food star, hell's kitchen) I think I might want to see this. I hope you don't butcher in your review buzz.
sugababee 7 years
it looks okay but i probably wont see it
thehabra 7 years
This looks totally cheesy and predictable.
mwmsjuly19 7 years
I hate myself for wanting to see this predictable movie. Let me guess: Girl Meets Boy, Girl Hates Boy, Girl Loves Boy, Girl Thinks It's Too Late After Blowing Boy Off. Meanwhile, Cute Kid Teaches Girl What Really Matters and helps open Girl up to admitting Forever Love For Boy.
Link Love
- How alien comedy Home became a box office success — Moviefone
- The Breakfast Club cast reveals little-known facts — HuffPost Entertainment
- George R.R. Martin is sitting out the next season of Game of Thrones — Vulture
- Definitive proof that Teletubbies are terrifying — Hitfix
- Why MTV no longer plays music videos — Cracked
- Emily takes the ultimate step in clearing Daniel's name in Revenge — BuddyTV
- Go behind the scenes of Jo and Alaric's big day — The Vampire Diaries
- See the best pictures from the iHeartRadio Music Awards — POPSUGAR Celebrity


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WGAR Visits the Harry Buffalo in Parma Heights! 7.5.13 Thank you everyone for stopping by our booth, and don't forget to purchase your 2013 Country Jam ticket!
Brian Fowler hosts Country Karaoke at Damon's in Westlake March 26th!
LeeAnn visits Gordmans on March 22nd!
WGAR visits Harry Buffalo in Parma Heights March 20th!


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Fig Branches In Water
My season basically finished for figs, so a little bored until i have to put them away i cut some branch tips and put in rain water Sept 18 and some Sept 20th some are showing roots and some nothing .
One VdB AND NeroBC show roots forming.
Just having fun.
Violet de Bordeaux
Best Health
Ebay Id
And those look like green branches, from the photos. Really good photos. How long will you let them stay in the water before you plant them and in what will you plant them? That second photo fig branch is exploding with roots!
Hi ,
Thisisme yes to both your questions. ; )
Noss, yes green, im going to let them stay in water and let the roots keep growing and growing if they decide to, when i will plant them im not sure im just having fun with them .
I remember when i was but a child grandmother used to root her fig tree branches for folks this way and i recall seeing those when we visited her on Sundays in Chicago the vases had lots of roots in them.
She was my influence into the world of gardening. I have many stories and fond memories of those times.
I don't know about you noss but I can't wait for it to rain again.lol
The cuttings look like they were actively growing with leaves still on them when they were cut. Its my understanding that, that is how it was done.
Figs are so easy to root its hard to stop them. However when I rooted two of my favorite figs which I got from our gardener. I tried to root some 2-3" diameter branches in water to no avail. Like I had been told, they rotted. Given my experience I had no idea current seasons growth would root in water so easily.
Martin Do you find VDB is one of your best producers.I got a VDB and a Marcellus VS B last december and I got a lot of figs of the VDB and not much of MVSB. I also have Dk Port. and HC which are 4 years old but not great producers like the VDB Your thoughts.
A couple of years ago someone (Chills?) posted a technique for rooting that, for me, has an almost 100% success rate. Put a pencil-thick cutting (8-12") in a ziplock, wrapped in a damp but not wet paper towel. Forget about it for a few months. Then plant! One time I took a chance with wet paper towels (just to see if it would help them root faster) and they did get moldy. Even so some of those still rooted.
Hi Vince for me personally VdB does produce well in large container.
I also have Hardy Chicago and at about 6 foot it is a good producer as well for me. Both very good tasting figs to me.
Proper management is important and fig tree will be happy .
Hi Ann
yes beauty of figs is there easy and fun to root .
Best Health
MArtin My question is what is your expectation from this cutting that you have rooted now? Now I have a limited experience with rooted cuttings so my question might sound off. If you have a rooted cutting the cultivar is starting to grow. All of the other trees are going dormant this time of year will you allow the new cutting to go dormant or will it be kept in an active state of growth?? Is this an experiment and the cutting will be discarded??? I like the idea of rootig in rain water and I will definately try it but not until spring in my zone.
Hi Northeastnewbie,
i will keep them active then give to some co-workers i have been promising in spring . To late to put them up in auction but have scion to do that with this winter to help offset the hobby costs which can get expensive since retirement.
I've got a 2ft branch that i want to root but it's too big for ziplock...can it be rooted in water? i was hoping to root the entire 2ft branch so that the fig larger from the start. would it be better to just cut it down to 10" lengths and put into a ziplock bag?
Hi Noss,
i would think so, after alll ive rooted in past in baggies, peat, started in cups in mix etc all using tap water .
For me and me only some scion roots well some just does not, some root fast and fizzle out.
For me anyways there all diferent.
When it comes to rooting in water though i notice the greenish wood seems better to use as opposed to seasoned wood but thats just with me. ;)


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Executive's guide to microservers in the data center (free ebook)
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Executive Summary
Microservers may not have enough muscle to carry out heavy-duty data center tasks, but they're good at handling certain lightweight workloads -- saving space and reducing energy costs in the process. This ZDNet/TechRepublic ebook looks at how microservers are being used, their benefits and limitations, and how decision makers are approaching this innovative technology.
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Library Branch
Book Clubs & Writers' Groups
Would you like to read and discuss an interesting book each month?...
Wed Apr 01
Wed May 06
Wed Jun 03
Wed Jul 08
Do you write fiction, non-fiction, or poetry? Share and develop your skills in a supportive environment. Bring a piece of your writing to read aloud. Maximum length 500 words, approximately 2 pages. Come prepared to offer ...
Sat Apr 04
Sat May 02
Sat Jun 06
Sat Jul 04
Port Union
Join other book lovers in your community and participate in lively discussions of popular books. It is free to join and the books are provided.
Tue Apr 07
Tue May 05
Tue Jun 02
Barbara Frum
Come join us for an afternoon of tea and fun, and get information on how you may use TPL's Book Club To Go (BCTG) Program for your private Book Clubs. Learn how easy it is to order your book club sets, to access all of our BC...
Barbara Frum
Calling all book lovers! Share your love of books by attending Barbara Frum's Tuesday Book Club where you will get a chance to meet new friends and participate in a lively discussion. Members meet once every month at 6:30-7:3...
Tue Apr 21
Tue May 19
Tue Jun 23
Port Union
If you are not available during the day, this is your chance to join a book club. Gather with other book lovers to discuss a selection of popular titles. It is free to join and the books are provided.
Tue Apr 14
Tue May 12
Tue Jun 09
Join Marilyn Churley, former Toronto City Councillor and former Member of Provincial Parliament, for a discussion of her book "Shameless: The Fight For Adoption Disclosure and the Search for My Son." "...
Taylor Memorial
Discuss new books and old favourites with library staff. Book club meets the first Tuesday of the month. for more information call Taylor Memorial branch at 416-396-8939
Tue Apr 07
Tue May 05
Tue Jun 02
Friendly, informal discussion group. We read mostly literary fiction, some non-fiction, new books and old ones too. The books are provided and the book club meets the first Thursday of the month....
Thu Apr 02
Thu May 07
Thu Jun 04
Barbara Frum
Join the BF Kids' Book Club for children ages 8 to 12. Learn about new books, share your favourites, and play fun games and activities! Register in person or by calling 416-395-5440.
Mon Apr 27
Mon May 25


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A $65 million proposed mixed-use development on Racine's riverfront will receive up to $9 million in state historic preservation tax credits, and a $1 million state grant to help redevelop the underused industrial site, it was announced Wednesday.
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|By PlatformPCPS3Xbox 360Wii U3DSPS VitaAndroidiPhoneiPadOther HardwareEditor's Choiceby Author
|By LatestThe best and worst s : May Returns Axiom Verge
7.5Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel:...
7.0Grey Goo
7.0Pillars of Eternity
8.5Jump'N'Shoot Attack
7.0of Thrones: A Telltale Series:...
8.0Life is Strange: Out of Time
6.5Fossil Fighters: Frontier
9.0Frozen Cortex
7.0More reviews
|By GenreActionAdventureFightersFree-to-playMMOMusicPlatformShootersSportsRPGStrategyMore genres
Despite bundling 10 Game Boy Advance titles for the 3DS Ambassador Program last year, Nintendo has announced no plans to officially bring GBA games to the eShop. NES titles were likewise part of the Ambassador package, but at...
|Tony Ponce
Biggest question: why would anyone want to play a remake of Pokémon Crystal on the Game Boy Advance when HeartGold and SoulSilver already exist on the DS? A lot of reasons, it would seem. Pokémon Liquid Crystal...
|Tony Ponce
A few days ago, we told you that an official Zelda art book containing the definitive timeline for the series would be released. Well, with the book out in Japan, that timeline has been officially revealed. All the historic events and videogames have been reconciled, with various splits into alternative universes. It's pretty crazy.
The existence of an official "timeline" has been a source of frantic debate among gamers. Some have claimed no such thing exists, and even among those that do, there has always been arguments over the sequence of events. No matter what happens, nobody can ever seem to agree.
One would think that this timeline will put an end to one of the oddest gamer controversies around, but something tells me that many still won't be satisfied.
In any case, you can view the chart (as seen on Zelda Universe) below. Don't read if you never want to know, obviously!view full story + comments
It was really nice of Nintendo to give us Ambassadors all of these free GBA games, but man, they looked all stretched and washed out. I remember these games being beautiful. Is my memory fading, or is it the 3DS pulling some ...
|Dale North
If you are eligible for 3DS ambassador status, your ten free Game Boy Advance games are now available to download via the "redownload" section of your eShop menu. Yet again, it's a process of finding the games in your queue of previously downloaded titles, and obtaining them one by one, but it's worth it this time!
[Edit: As pointed out in comments, you can now queue up the downloads by clicking on each item, hitting the "download" button, then hitting the "download later" button and confirming. Once queued, you set the 3DS to sleep mode on the Home menu and they download. Still fiddly, but not quite as lengthy.]
The North American games are confirmed to be the same as those in Europe and Japan, meaning that titles like The Minish Cap, Wario Land 4, Fire Emblem and Kirby and the Amazing Mirror are on offer. Yet again, I am highly impressed that Nintendo put some high quality games out there, and didn't rely on obscure crap.
Nintendo, you done good, son!view full story + comments
Nintendo has finally dated the ten GBA games that so-called 3DS ambassadors will receive, and it's this Friday! On December 16, those who bought a 3DS before its big price drop will get ten free Game Boy Advance games, which is nice.
Here's the full list of games for the Japanese ambassadors. We can expect them to mostly be the same:
I should point out that, so far, the Friday date has only been acknowledged by Nintendo Japan and Nintendo Europe. Again, one would assume that North America is to follow suite, but if there's any difference, we shall of course let you know. Either way, I'm impressed by the fact that Nintendo didn't just give out garbage for free. Those are some decent games!
Game Boy Advance 3DS Ambassador Program Begins on Friday [andriasang]view full story + comments
We are now in the final month of 2011, and some of you may be wondering whether you're getting your ten free Game Boy Advance games before the year is out. Nintendo has answered the question, confirming that 3DS early adopters will still be getting their freebies before 2012 rolls in.
"The forthcoming 10 GBA Virtual Console titles available for registrants of the Nintendo 3DS Ambassador Programme will be available before the end of December 2011," promised a representative. "We will make further announcements in due course."
The GBA games will include Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3, Mario Kart: Super Circuit, Metroid Fusion, WarioWare, Inc.: Minigame Mania and Mario Vs. Donkey Kong, along with five others.
Honestly, I'd managed to completely forget about them!
Nintendo: GBA Ambassador games are coming this year [ONM]view full story + comments
[It Came from Japan! is a series where I seek out and review the weirdest, most original and enjoyable titles that never left the Land of the Rising Sun.]
Japanese games often possess a delirious quality that leaves some people scratching their heads and others delighting in the madness. Rhythm Tengoku, filled with characters and personality that are uniquely Japanese, is one such game.
Yet, all the quirky characters and scenarios feel like they occupy a coherent world, one where the offbeat antics of the WarioWare series successfully merge with the rhythm genre to form a portable classic that never made it to the States. Although many have heard about it and may have played its sequels, it remains an obscure gem.view full story + comments
Of the twenty free games current 3DS owners are getting in exchange for having bought the system at full price, ten are NES titles, and the rest are Game Boy Advance games. Nintendo hasn't said what each individual "Ambassado...
|Jordan Devore
So cute! I'm a sucker for miniature things, especially when they're somehow related to gaming. Space Invaders isn't my favorite retro game, but this little cab is so cute that I don't really care what they put on it or on it...
|Dale North
Tomato has completed his translation of Mother 1+2 for Game Boy Advance, which should have a good number of you rejoicing. You can read all about the patch, and download it, by going to this page. The main focus here is Mothe...
|Jordan Devore
We all know the way it works. You play through a level in a videogame, encounter an unexpectedly hard section, and your main character plummets into a bottomless pit ... or is singed by a giant dragon ... or is blown up by a nearby oil drum. Whatever the morbid descriptor, your character dies.
As unfortunate as this is, it doesn't really matter in the long run. If you have another life, you can just try the level all over again. And in more recent games, you don't even have to have another life -- you can just return to a close checkpoint and tackle the foreboding obstacles one more time!
This unrealistic take on life and death is nothing more than a videogame fantasy, but one that allows the player to fully enjoy the game and learn from their mistakes.
But one game changed this traditional depiction of videogame death forever. Fire Emblem on the Game Boy Advance (and originally as a Japan-only release on the NES!) didn't offer players such a generous option when a character died. In fact, its main gameplay twist was downright tragic.view full story + comments
By now, it's safe to call the long-rumored PlayStation Phone one of the worst-kept secrets in the history of the tech/gaming world. Engadget posted photos of the Android-powered device three months ago, and since then, we've...
|Samit Sarkar
I'm currently planning an episode of Constructoid about constructive criticism for gaming's famous female protagonists. The idea is to talk about how they can be more effective and positive role models without alienating game...
|Jonathan Holmes
While Sony and various publishers talk up 3D gaming and declare it to be the future, Nintendo overlord Satoru Iwata claims that Nintendo was tinkering with it years ago, as far back as the GameCube. He says his company was wo...
|Jim Sterling
In last week's debate we moved from the Valkyrie Profile series to the newer Valkyria Chronicles RPG series. Even though almost nobody had a single bad thing to say about the PSP sequel, the response was overwhelming for the ...
|Tom Fronczak


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3/30/2015 | Walker doesn't flinch against Trout and Pujols
On Monday afternoon at Peoria Sports Complex, the best pitcher in the Cactus League this spring, 22-year-old Mariners right-hander Taijuan Walker, stood tall against Mike Trout and Albert Pujols, two of the best hitters of the last decade.
3/30/2015 | Red-hot Zunino showing off newfound plate discipline
Catcher Mike Zunino, the other half of Seattle's young battery with Taijuan Walker, continued his own impressive Cactus League season with a home run and key two-run double, raising his batting average to .354 and increasing his team lead in RBIs to 13.
3/30/2015 | Walker stifles powerful Angels as torrid spring continues
Young right-hander Taijuan Walker continued his dominant spring for the Mariners by allowing just one run over seven innings and catcher Mike Zunino hit his seventh home run as Seattle beat the Angels, 5-3, on Monday at Peoria Stadium.
3/30/2015 | McClendon offers preview of Opening Day lineup
If you're curious about Seattle's likely Opening Day lineup, Mariners manager Lloyd McClendon acknowledged Monday's initial starting nine against the Angels in Cactus League play at Peoria Stadium likely mirrors what he would go with in a week when the same two teams square off at Safeco Field to kick off the regular season.
3/30/2015 | Cruz may hold the key to the Mariners' World Series hopes
When the Mariners improved by 16 wins last season but still fell one shy of an American League playoff spot, the obvious missing link was a big bat in the middle of the lineup behind Robinson Cano. So when you're looking to a key player for Seattle's success in 2015, it's hard to overlook the imposing presence of newcomer Nelson Cruz.
3/29/2015 | 'That was for him': Henry dedicates special day to Sanchez
Mariners prospect Jabari Henry dedicated his big Sunday to his friend and teammate Victor Sanchez, who died Saturday in Venezuela.
3/29/2015 | Mariners scratch Smith due to sore ankle
Mariners right fielder Seth Smith was scratched from the lineup Sunday with what manager Lloyd McClendon described as a minor injury. Smith tweaked his ankle on a play at the plate a night earlier.
3/29/2015 | Mariners option Elias, Smith to Triple-A, reassign 8 others
With just over a week remaining until Opening Day, the Mariners moved closer to their final 25-man roster on Sunday by cutting nine players from Major League camp, including left-handed starter Roenis Elias.
3/28/2015 | Mariners looking like the team to beat in the AL
Word of advice to serious sports fans: Book your October hotel rooms in Seattle early. Space can get tight out there, and you don't want to get caught off guard.
3/28/2015 | Zunino's pops pace Mariners' offense against Giants
Right fielder Justin Maxwell -- who hit a three-run homer in the fourth -- keyed the Giants' five-run rally in the ninth to edge the Mariners, 9-8, in Cactus League action at Peoria Stadium on Saturday. Mariners catcher Mike Zunino cracked a pair of solo home runs, and third baseman Kyle Seager added another on a mid-90-degree day where the ball was flying.
3/28/2015 | Position battles mostly over, McClendon has 'pen decisions
With one week of Cactus League games remaining before heading home to start their regular season in Seattle, the Mariners have 38 players in Major League camp competing for the final 25-man roster as of Saturday.
3/28/2015 | McClendon makes it official: Felix to start opener
Just in case there were any lingering doubts, Lloyd McClendon made it completely official on Saturday: Felix Hernandez will be the Mariners' Opening Day starter on April 6, when Seattle hosts the Angels at Safeco Field.
3/28/2015 | Paxton healthy, building for regular season
Mariners starter James Paxton lasted just 3 2/3 innings against the Royals on a Friday night in which he struggled with his command, but the positive side is he feels 100 percent healthy.
3/27/2015 | Paxton, Mariners miss mark against Royals
James Paxton yielded two earned runs in 3 2/3 innings of his second spring start, while Tyler Smith belted an RBI single for the Mariners in a 5-1 loss to the Royals on Friday night.
3/27/2015 | McClendon holding off naming No. 5 starter
Taijuan Walker is scheduled to start again on Monday against the Angels, while Roenis Elias likely is slated for a Minor League outing in his next appearance. But manager Lloyd McClendon still wasn't ready to pronounce Walker as his fifth starter on Friday.
3/27/2015 | Rule 5 pick Rollins suspended 80 games for PEDs
Left-hander David Rollins, a Rule 5 Draft pick who was in the hunt for one of the final roster spots with the Mariners, was suspended 80 games on Friday for testing positive for Stanozolol, a performance-enhancing substance, in violation of Major League Baseball's Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program.
3/27/2015 | MLB Pipeline checks in from Mariners camp
Plenty of right-handed pop is starting to percolate through the Mariners' farm system. Seattle has spent its last three first-round picks -- and $10,959,100 -- on righty sluggers Zunino, D.J. Peterson and Alex Jackson.
3/26/2015 | Hernandez's strong start 'very pleasing' to Mariners
The Mariners lost to the Royals, 3-0, on Thursday at Peoria Stadium. But really only one thing mattered in this one. Felix Hernandez looked King-ly and thus all was well.
3/26/2015 | Elias, Mariners roughed up by Brewers' bats
Brewers left fielder Khris Davis made his first Spring Training home run count Thursday, hitting a first-inning grand slam that one-hopped its way clear out of Maryvale Baseball Park in the Brewers' 15-1 victory over the Mariners. Davis connected against Mariners left-hander Roenis Elias, who surrendered six earned runs on eight hits over three-plus innings.
3/26/2015 | Felix turns in solid outing against Royals
Mariners ace Felix Hernandez threw six strong innings while allowing just two hits and one run Thursday, but Royals veteran right-hander Jeremy Guthrie was even better with 5 2/3 scoreless frames in a 3-0 Cactus League pitchers' duel, won by Kansas City, at Peoria Stadium.
3/26/2015 | Mariners' bullpen battle remains wide open
While much of the focus on Mariners pitching this spring has swirled around the fifth-starter competition between Taijuan Walker and Roenis Elias, there is an even deeper and heated competition for relief spots on a club that posted the lowest bullpen ERA in baseball in 2014.
3/25/2015 | Sucre ready for action; hip 'not going to be a big deal'
After sitting out two games with a sore hip, Jesus Sucre was ready for duty on Wednesday night, and the Mariners' backup catcher said it's time to begin pointing toward the start of the regular season.
3/25/2015 | McClendon thinking about Weeks sharing leadoff role
Lloyd McClendon has endorsed center fielder Austin Jackson as a leadoff hitter ever since Seattle acquired him from the Tigers at last July's Trade Deadline, but the Mariners' skipper is toying with trying Rickie Weeks in that role at times this season as well.
3/25/2015 | Walker: Always room to improve despite dominant spring
It's hard to imagine Taijuan Walker pitching much better or doing much more to impress in his battle for the Mariners' fifth-starter position, but the 22-year-old insists there's more in the tank even after running his scoreless streak to 18 innings this spring in Wednesday night's 3-2 victory over the Cubs.
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This crocheted dress is absolutely beautiful. The picture does not show the actual beauty of the dress. It is awesome.
My son is getting married in May and I found this beautiful Soulmates dress on Overstock.com. Alas, although the delicately crocheted dress with its lovely jacket is one of the most beautiful items of clothing I have ever seen, the style was designed for a slender, taller lady. Regretfully, I had to send the item back. I would like to add that this was my first order at this site, and I was very pleased with the service, from order to return. I will definitely be ordering from Overstock again.
I purchased a very nice dress at a good price, I like it, I like the service of Overstock
I wore this dress as Mother of the Groom and received compliment after compliment about how beautiful it was. It was very comfortable and so slimming. The color was a purply blue where it is described as blue on the site. A beautiful color but difficult to match.
This dress is absolutely beautiful and makes me look taller and skinnier than I am! What more could I ask? As always with Overstock, the package arrived quickly. Size fit perfectly (with heels)!
I've looked at these dresses online and in stores and this is by far the best price around. This dress is very well-made and will remain in my wardrobe for a long while. I wore this dress without the jacket as the weather was quite warm and humid and will, of course, wear it in cooler temperatures with the jacket. I can't imagine someone buying this dress and not absolutely loving it!
I bought this dress/jacket for our son's wedding. We decided to wear long dresses (Mother of bride and I) so I returned it. The dress was very comfortable, slenderizing and lovely. I was impressed with the quality of workmanship and the silhouette. THe picture does not do this dress justice...need to redo the photo for future sales.
Items must be returned in new or unused condition and contain all original materials included with the shipment. More details
FINAL SALE EXCLUSION: Items marked as FINAL SALE are not returnable unless the problem you experience is the result of our error.
Our standard shipping method is ground shipping. We also offer expedited shipping for most items. Your final shipping cost and estimated delivery timeframe will be available at checkout.
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* For your protection, all orders are screened for security purposes. If your order is selected for review, our Loss Prevention Team may contact you by phone or email. There may be a two business day delay to process your order.
** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


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Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle's crack down on illegal cigarettes nets $1.8 million
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle today announced the results of her administration's crack down on illegal cigarette sales. Since... Read More
Proposed Changes to Solid Waste and Recycling Ordinance Would Give County New Tools to Protect the Environment
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle today introduced an ordinance that would give Cook County significant new tools and information... Read More
Cook County Board Approves Medical Examiner's Ordinance Changes to Explore the Use of Cremation
The Cook County Board today unanimously approved changes to the Medical Examiner's ordinance that for the first time would allow... Read More
President Preckwinkle Delivers Keynote Address at Event on Opportunities for Investment in Chicago's Southland
Originally published at the Bureau of Economic Development website, August 21, 2013. Click here to go to the full story.... Read More
Study: One Summer Chicago Plus Youth Employment Program Cuts Violent Crime Arrests in Half
At-risk youth who participated in the 2012 One Summer Plus program experienced a 51 percent drop in arrests for violent... Read More
Field Museum CEO Updates President Preckwinkle On How a County Energy Savings Grant Will Help Them Save Up to $400k
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle recently got a first-hand look at how a $25,000 energy savings grant from Cook... Read More
President Preckwinkle Attends Forum on Veterans Benefits
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle today kicked off a forum on benefits available to county employee veterans by emphasizing... Read More
Governor Quinn Enacts Largest Increase in Health Care Coverage in State History
Governor Pat Quinn today signed legislation that enacts a critical part of President Obama's Affordable Care Act (ACA) by making... Read More
Cook County Board Bans Assault Weapons, Toughens Penalties
The Cook County Board of Commissioners today approved changes to the county's assault weapons ban and toughened penalties for violations... Read More
Cook County Awards Nearly $2 Million In Anti-Violence Funding
The Cook County Board today approved $1.9 million in grants for 15 local community groups. The organizations' work will be... Read More


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I am a Special Education teacher, living in New York for the past 8 years.
I love the city and I hope you will too!
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I spent 6 wonderful days in NYC in Lee's apartment.
Lee was fantastic! She was super-friendly and always very kind and helpful. She provided me suggestions about the city and she was always available for any needs.
The room is really like the picture: clean, warm and provided with all the essential conforts you may wish.
The location is very close to the green line, so you can easily and quickly reach midtown or downtown manhattan, and the neighborhood is very safe as well.
I had a great time there, and I can warmly suggest the Lee's room for anyone willing to enjoy the amazing New York!
My stay with Lee was great. Clean, quiet. Safe and convenient location.
I wish you to be hosted by lee and be able to live the dream of living in Ny by real NewYorkers!!! I did it and i found myself really well. I spent 11 wonderful days thanks to lee that has proved from the first day a perfect host,friendly,always ready to give good advice and very discreet. The apartment is really like the pictures,with all the comfort you could wish for,and it's great location makes it more quality!Lying on Lexington (in a neighborhood without danger and with metro and deli a few steps) it's really close to every attraction. I can only suggest that you book as early as possible!!!
Vi auguro di poter essere ospitati da Lee e di poter vivere il sogno di abitare a Ny da veri NewYorker! Io l'ho fatto e mi sono trovata davvero bene. Ho passato undici giorni meravigliosi durante le vacanze natalizie anche grazie a Lee che si e' dimostrata fin dall'inizio una host perfetta! Sempre amichevole e pronta a dare ottimi consigli e molto (website hidden) suo appartamento e' assolutamente come da foto,ha tutti i comfort che potete desiderare e ho trovato molta pulizia e elettrodomestici funzionanti. La sua ottima posizione non fa che accrescere la sua qualità poiché trovandosi direttamente sulla lexington (alla fermata 103 in un quartiere privo di pericoli anche di notte, vicino a supermercati e altri negozi utili) e' davvero ad un passo da ogni attrazione! Ora non posso che suggerirvi di prenotare il prima possibile!!!! Vi troverete sicuramente benissimo e spero che possiate stare bene quanto lo sono stata io.. Porto nel cuore anche io un pezzo di Nyc!!!
Foi muito bom ter se hospedado na casa da Lee, pois ela deu dicas importantes como usar transporte publico, locais de serviços e compras como farmácia e supermercado. Ela me fez sentir confiante para passear tranquilamente pela cidade, Lee é muito atenciosa e gentil, sua casa fica num bairro muito tranquilo e seguro, próximo a estação de metro e linhas de ônibus, o quarto é grande e muito confortável.
很好的房东,相比纽约高额的酒店,民宿是不错的选择,此地位于Mn Lenox hill.出入交通很方便,周边便民超市也很多。
Мы размещались у Ли 10 дней в октябре. Расположение удачное, близко к Центральному парку и музейной миле, в пешей доступности. Станция метро минут 6-7 пешком, можно по прямой ветке доехать до Нижнего Манхэттена. В апартаментах чистая уютная комната, удобная кухня, хороший вай-фай. Ли оказалась очень доброжелательной и всегда была на связи, готова ответить на любой вопрос и подсказать. Думаю, что в следующий раз остановимся здесь же!
Lee was fantastic. She was super friendly, super resourceful and was really great about giving you all the information you could need right away. Plus, she was always a text away. Had a great time!
Lee and her husband were wonderful hosts! Upon entering, Lee provided a great orientation on getting around the city, places to eat and things to do. During the entirety of our stay, Lee was very polite and available to answer our questions while also giving us ample space.
Lee's apartment was very clean, especially the bathroom. The bedroom was small but tidy and contained all the essentials. My girlfriend and I stayed for six nights comfortably.
The apartment's location was ideal for us - within walking distance of the subway, Central Park and the Met.
I highly recommend others stay with Lee while in New York!
It was a perfect stay by Lee and her husband Tal. My friend and I felt comfortable and welcome. They're both super friendly and they were always careful about our well-being. Lee welcomed us when we arrived and showed us her apartment. If we needed help regarding the apartment or needed information about the city Lee was always to count on. She makes sure every day we had everything we needed. Lee's a delightful host and a wonderful person. We had a great time in New York and in the apartment, because we felt like home. Lee also bakes really delicious. By the stay at Lee's apartment we had anytime our privacy – when Lee or Tal were home, we also enjoyed great talks with them.
The apartment/room was like in the description – It's a clean, quiet and a nice apartment. The subway is really close and the place where Lee lives is safe.
Lee again, big thanks for everything! We're happy that we could explore New York and stay at your place. We can highly recommend Lee's apartment whenever you're in NYC.
It's a good place, very warm, close to subway, house is clean and safe.
Lee and her husband were really awesome guests !
Very cool, smiley and nice.
The place was very clean !
Hardly recommend them as guest :)
Take care guys
very nice and friendly couple.
The place was very clean when they left.
I definitely recommend them :)
She is the perfect guest. Kind, friendly and very good comunication. Thanks to leave my place clean and tidy. Very recommended!
Lee lula ha reservado a ultima. Hora es una pena que todo lo encontrara mal en la cual se le ha dado la toalla la basura estaba en el lavabo y en cuanto al ruido es inevitable en esa habitacion que el balcón da una calle muy turística del barrio gótico donde se filmo la película el perfume en cuanto al wifi Y El ventilador nunca nos dijo nada que seguro hubiéramos hecho todo lo posible por solucionar el problema ya que contamos con mas pisos y por lo mismo tenemos ventiladores mas grandes pero si los huespedes no nos dicen sus inquietudes no podemos adivinarlo y por lo demás. Como experiencia ha sido buena
Lee was a great guest. She was clean, quiet, respectful, independent and a pleasure to host. I would strongly recommend her as a guest to anyone, and I'd gladly have her as a guest again.
Visiting the big apple Is an exciting vacation, especially when you have a great place to stay in a reasonable price. lee is not only a host at heart, but she is knowledgable of NYC best spots, so you will be able to get the best out of your visit. The apt is located in a convenient location, so you are minutes away from midtown and the upper east side.


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Welcome to Green Bay Packers NFL Football Forum & Community!
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Big Announcement Coming for 2015 Football Season!!
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Packers Packers, Verizon Wireless and Bellin Health connect to support domestic violence prevention
Discussion in 'Official Packers.com News' started by News Bot, Sep 26, 2013.


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Search the collections
Where is it from?
- A Manufacturer Sydney, Australia
Similar items over time
Medical Instrument - Mona Robert Airway Device, circa 1940 Reg. No: SH 850156
- Summary:
- The Mona Robert oropharyngeal airway device is a metal piece used for keeping air passages open during anaesthesia. It is a flattened anatomically curved tube, holes at the side and the dorsal surface near the distal end of the tube, and a flange at the proximal end to prevent overinsertion. Used in applying anaesthetics for surgery or dental work on patients in mental health hospitals in Victoria, Australia, circa 1940
- Description:
- shallowly curved, wide flat stain steel tube, open at both ends. It has a slightly sorrugated, square plate (with one small oval hole, apart from the mouth hole) framing one opening. The other end has a round hole through top and bottom and oblong holes in each side as well as the open end of the tube.
- Acquisition Information:
- Donation from Office of Psychiatric Services
|4.00 cm (Height), 4.70 cm (Width), 11.00 cm (Length)
More information
|Tagged with:
|anaesthetic equipment, psychiatric hospitals, surgical apparatus instruments, making history - psych services
|Themes this item is part of:
|Psychiatric Services Collection, Medicine in Society Collection, Public Life & Institutions Collection
|Primary Classification:
|Secondary Classification:
|Mental Health - Clinical
|Tertiary Classification:
|Engraved: MADE BY E.A.D. SYDNEY.
|Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, circa 1940
|Place & Date Used:
|Victoria, Australia, circa 1940
|card with exhibit. Down Bros and Mayer & Phelps Ltd. "Surgical Instruments, Appliances and Hospital Equipment". London 1955.
This item is part of the following themes:
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Inukami! Episode 10
You are going to watch Inukami! Anime Show for free with English Subs Episode 10 Online.
if Inukami! 10 are not working, please try one of the Video Mirrors.
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Updated: November 12, 2012
You are watching Inukami! Episode 10 in High Quality English subbed. Inukami! Episode 10 is from Inukami anime series. If you enjoyed Inukami! Episode 10 please share it with others! Please note that this Episode is hosted on a third-party video sharing website, and it is not affiliated with Chia-Anime.


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Attempted Armed Robbery Has One Man On the Loose
Updated: 07/01/2014 - An attempted armed robbery occurred at the Shell Station in Russell.
Updated: 07/01/2014 - An attempted armed robbery occurred at the Shell Station in Russell.
Updated: 02/11/2015 -
Updated: 06/29/2014 - Although less than a month in office, Chief Benny Dubose is already making some changes to the department.
Updated: 06/28/2014 - Many Meridianites took to the red carpet in a way that made them feel like celebrities.
Updated: 06/28/2014 - A softball tournament will benefit a family trying to adopt a baby from the Philippines.
Updated: 06/28/2014 - Highland Park was the site of a huge picnic with thousands in attendance.
Updated: 06/28/2014 - Meridian police brought in bike and foot patrols for the Meridianite picnic.
Updated: 06/27/2014 - A professor at MSU Meridian hosted a book signing for his latest work Friday.
Updated: 06/28/2014 - Water damage and mold is scheduled to soon be fixed at the Meridian Police Dept.
Updated: 06/27/2014 - Lightning is so powerful yet very few suffer fatally from injuries if struck.
Updated: 06/27/2014 - Patrons and artists filled the Meridian Museum of Art Thursday evening for the annual event.
Updated: 06/26/2014 - The MPD is searching for 19-year-old Jamarcus Reed in connection with a carjacking and murder.
Updated: 06/25/2014 - The 50th Anniversary of Freedom Summer was observed at Meridian's Temple Theater Wednesday night.
Updated: 06/25/2014 - Republicans and democrats discuss moving forward after senate runoff results come in.
Posted: 06/24/2014 - Doug Magee of Mendenhall defeated Dennis Quinn of Magnolia Tuesday in the Democrat runoff in the 3rd Congressional District.
Updated: 06/24/2014 - Six-term U.S. Senator Thad Cochran has defeated challenger Chris McDaniel in Mississippi's Republican primary runoff.
Updated: 06/24/2014 - A race that has garnered national attention brings about record crowds.
Updated: 06/23/2014 - The World Fiddle Ensemble out of Nashville is visiting Meridian.
Updated: 06/24/2014 - The Meridian Police Department took one man in custody tonight in connection with a violent carjacking late Friday night on 21st Court that ended in three people being shot, one fatally.
Updated: 06/23/2014 - Poll workers in Lauderdale County have been busy preparing for a possible record breaking turnout.
Updated: 06/23/2014 - A multicultural worship service draws a big crowd to Dumont Plaza.
Updated: 06/23/2014 - Philadelphia's new superintendent discusses how to deal with safety concerns.
Updated: 06/23/2014 - Meridian police are searching for the individual responsible for a carjacking and murder on Friday.
Updated: 06/22/2014 - Thousands are expected to descend upon the Queen City during the 48th Annual Meridianites Picnic
Updated: 06/21/2014 - A book signing was held today for a Meridian Native.


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Investigation Explores Practices of Equivalency Exam Provider
August 12, 2014
An investigative article in The Indianapolis Star examines the sales and operating practices of The College Network, which provides online learning materials and tests to help students prepare for equivalency exams to earn college credit. The newspaper's investigation finds scores of consumer complaints against the company, with adult students complaining of high-pressure sales tactics that resulted in significant debt, as well as the company's ties to a loan collection agency. A spokesman for the company challenged some of the newspaper's findings in written answers to a reporter's questions.
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In a story published Aug. 16, "Strings attached: Talk of US scorecard rubbished," Imtiaz interviews a Department of Defense official who contradicts an earlier Wall Street Journal report that the US government was making decisions on aid based on Pakistani performance and cooperation.
She has also written for The New York Times, though not since drawing a salary from AAM, and published one essay for the Indian Express on being a Pakistani journalist in America when Osama bin Laden was captured. She also writes for Foreign Policy's website, where she is credited only as the correspondent for Express News in Washington.
Awais Saleem's reports include stories on cricket in Chicago and Pakistani fashion in the United States.
Neither reporter was willing to comment on the story.
Making a clear connection
AAM's ombudsman, Jeffery Dvorkin, insists there is no US government involvement with content production.
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Can You Hear Me Now? Cell Phones and the Brain
Ring Ring, Ring Ring – just what does answering your mobile by placing it next to your ear actually do to your brain. Whilst it is clear that many people have become surgically attached to their mobile phones – or at least it seems that they are bound together, and that once on the phone many become deaf and immune to all around them. In fact listening to intimate halves of conversations taking place 20 feet away provides plenty of opportunity to create amusing scenarios in between burst of indignation there have been many epidemiological studies suggesting this has a more significant long term effect that train rage.
A paper out on Feb 23rd in JAMA confirms that phones held to the head long enough to discuss the weather, location, emotional needs and business contracts (a longish time – 50 mins or longer) increases activity in the brain closest to the antennae – and not in a good way I suspect.[1]
The researcher are a bit more circumspect and state that the significance as well as the cause of the increased glucose metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex and temporal pole is as yet unclear.
We are well aware that epidemiological studies have fallen on the side of increased risk for brain cancer, but there have also been ones that suggest no risk suggesting inconclusive data. Most of these are long term studies with methodological errors that can be called on by the relative interest groups.[2]
This study was more direct and stuck people into a Pet Scanner whilst a cell phone was placed next to each ear for 50 minutes, now they do not say if any conversation was involved, but had it been a random collection of the calls I endured during my last train journey I am sure my brain metabolism would have been highly activated!
No they were better in their questions than this – the first time they had both phones on but the right one was muted and the second time they were off – the whole brain metabolism did not vary but the section next to the antennae showed significantly increased glucose metabolism once the phone was on. -I guess this is how we all use it, I have not found the merit of holding an off one next to my ear to be worth the effort after playschool exhausted my Captain Kirk meme.
The effects on neuronal activity could be due to changes in neurotransmitter release, cell membrane permeability, cell excitability, or calcium efflux or even from the increased thermal activity.
So what can we say, speak in shorter bursts, use a headset and keep them away from young brains – I personally am going to suggest to the next hooded young man on the train shouting "Yo Dude" into his phone in a slightly annoying and repetitive manner whilst listening to sounds alleged to be musical in his other ear and gazing into the navel area of his abundant abdomen next to the window sign that says silent carriage that he may like to consider his brains glucose metabolism activity in the long term and how this may detract from a future career in a gainful profession – what do you think!
[1] Volkow ND, et al "Effects of cell phone radiofrequency signal exposure on brain glucose metabolism" JAMA 2011; 305(8): 808-814. View Abstract
[2] Kundi M. The controversy about a possible relationship between mobile phone use and cancer. Cien Saude Colet. 2010 Aug;15(5):2415-30. Review. View Abstract
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Chapter 5 Job Stress Page 1 JOB STRESS Atiq ur Rahman email@example.com Chapter 5 Job Stress Page 2 THE MEANING OF JOB STRESS 1. Stress is usually thought of in negative terms. (For example, boss gives a formal reprimand for poor performance). But there is also a positive, pleasant side of stress caused by good things (for example a college student makes dean's list; an employee is offered a job promotion at another location). Matteson define stress simply as "the interaction of the individual with the environment". Newman defines job stress as "a condition arising from the interaction of people and their jobs and characterized by changes within people that force them to deviate from their normal functioning". In general, "stress" is defined as an adaptive response to an external situation that results in physical, psychological, and/or behavioral deviations for organizational participants. Stress is not simply anxiety. Nor is stress simply nervous tension. Also stress is not necessarily something damaging, bad, or to be avoided. The key, of course is how the person handles the stress. Stress is inevitable; distress may be prevented or can be effectively controlled. However, stress is a source of motivation and is healthy as long as it is not over whelming. A world without stress would be a boring place. 2. Stress has three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. In the alarm stage an outside stressor mobilizes the internal stress system of the body. There are a number of physiological reactions such as increased pituitary and adrenaline secretions; noticeable increases in respiration, heart beat and blood pressure and a heightening of the senses. If the stressor continues, then stress moves into the resistance stage, during which the body calls upon the needed organ or system to deal with the stressor. However, while there may be a great deal of resistance to one stress during this second stage, there may be little, if any, resistance to other, unrelated stressors. Finally, if the stressor persists over a long period of time, reserves of the adaptive mechanisms during the second stage may become drained, and exhaustion sets in. When this happens, there may be a return of the alarm stage, and the cycle starts again. Besides the physiologically oriented approach to stress, attention is also being given to the psychological or the behavioral (for example, directly confronting the stressors or attempting to obtain information about the stressors) dimensions of stress. All three dimensions (physiological, psychological, and behavioral) are important to the understanding of the job stress and coping strategies in modern organizations. The causes of stress or "stressors" affecting today's employees are both from outside and by and from employees themselves. These causes are as follows: Extra organizational stressors Taking an open systems perspective of an organization (that is where the organization is greatly affected by the external environment), it is clear that the job stress is not just limited to things that happen inside the organization, during working hours. Extra organizational stressors include things such as societal/technological change of the family, relocation, economic and financial conditions, residential or community conditions. The phenomenal rate of social and technical changes has had a great Atiq ur Rahman firstname.lastname@example.com Chapter 5 Job Stress Page 3 effect on people's lifestyles, and this of course is carried over into their jobs. A balance of physical, mental, and social well being is called wellness. Because people tend to get caught up in the rush, mobile, urbanized, crowded, on the go life style of today, their wellness in general has deteriorated, and the potential for stress on the job has increased. A family situation either in brief crisis, such as squabble or the illness of family member, or long term strained relations with the spouse or children can act as a significant stressor for employees. So can relocating the family because of a transfer or a promotion. Recessionary economy has proved to be a stressor. Many people have been forced to take a second job. The overall effect on the employees is more stress on their primary jobs. Sociological variables such as sex and class can also become stressors. Women experience more psychological distress than men, but men are more prone to serve physical illness. For professional women, the particular sources of stress have been identified as discrimination, stereotyping, the marriage/work interface condition of housing convenience of services and shipping, neighborliness, and degree of noise and air pollution are also likely stressors. Although it is commonly thought that top level management in modern organizations are in the most stressful positions, there is some evidence that middle level managers really are under more stress. This means that there are more people affected by stress in organizations than just the top executives. Organizational stressors Stressors are also associated with the organization itself. Although the organization is made up of groups and individuals there are also more macro level dimensions, unique to the organization, those contain potential stressors. These macro level stressors can be categorized into organizational policies, structures, physical conditions and processes. As the organizations become larger and more complex, there are more and more accompanying stressors for individual employees in their jobs. Most of the stressors are the direct result of very large, job overloaded, and highly complex organizations. GROUP MEMBERSHIP A person is a member of many groups; family, office, neighborhood. The group has tremendous influence on behavior. The group can also be a potential source of stress. These group stressors can be categorized into three areas. Lack of group cohesiveness Cohesiveness or "togetherness" is very important to employees, especially at the lower levels of organization. If an employee is denied the opportunity for belonging or because the other members of the group shut the person out, this can be very stress-producing. Atiq ur Rahman email@example.com Chapter 5 Job Stress Page 4 Lack of social Support: Employees are greatly affected by the support of one or more members of a group. By sharing their problems and joys with others, they are much better off. If this type of social support is lacking for an individual, it can be very stressful. Conflict This is normally associated with incompatible or hostile acts between intra-individual dimensions such as personal goals or motivational needs/values, between individuals within a group, and between groups, is another source of stress. Individual stressor Extra-organizational, organizational and group stressors all eventually get down to the individual level. Although there are many possible individual stressors, three areas seem to be more recognized than others:- Role Characteristics Individual employees have multiple roles (Family Work, Professional, Recreational, Mosque, Club, Community and so on), and these often make conflicting demands and creates conflicting expectations. After a recent extensive search of the empirical research it was concluded that "work schedule, Work orientation, Marriage, Children and spouse, employment pattern may all produce pressures to participate extensively in the work role or the family role. Stress results when the time demands for the work role is incompatible with the time pressures of the family role or vice versa. Role ambiguity results from inadequate information or knowledge to do a job. This ambiguity may be due to inadequate training, poor communication or the deliberate withholding or distortion of information by a co-worker or supervisor. In any event, the result of role conflict and ambiguity is stressed for the individual. Atiq ur Rahman email@example.com Chapter 5 Job Stress Page 5 Type A characteristics There are individual differences in, personality characteristics and traits. Personality traits such as authoritarianism, rigidity, masculinity, femininity, extroversion, supportiveness, spontaneity, emotionality, tolerance for ambiguity, locus of control, anxiety and the need for achievement have been uncovered by research as being particularly relevant to individual stress. Most recent attention however has centered on the so-called "Type A personality". Heart researchers have been working on the use of personality type to predict heart attack, since type A has twice as many heart attacks than any one else, Type A profile co-related highly with experienced stress and dangerous physical consequences. A majority of Americans are type A, and even higher percentage of managers are type A. Type A personality as "an active, competitive, driven, impatient emotions complex. Obvious type A employees (managers, sale persons, staff specialists, secretaries, file operating employees) experience considerable stress. They are the one who: 1. Work long, hard hours under constant deadline pressure and conditions for overload. 2. Often take work home at nights or on weekend and are unable to relax. 3. Constantly compete with themselves, sitting high standards of productivity that they seem driven to maintain. 4. Tend to become frustrated by the work situation, get irritated with the work efforts of others, and are misunderstood by superiors. At first, because of Rosenman and Friedman's studies, it was generally thought that type A's were much more prone to the worst outcome of stress heart attacks. On the question of the success of type As Vs type Bs. Type As are typically on the "fast track" to the top. They are more successful as compared to type Bs, who are more patient and take a broader view of things. The key may be to shift from type A to type Bs behavior, but of course, most type As are unable and unwilling to make the shift and/or to cope with their type A characteristics. Atiq ur Rahman email@example.com Chapter 5 Job Stress Page 6 Life and Career Changes: Like technological and social change, life and/or career changes can be stress-producing. Life's changes may be slow (getting older) or sudden (the death of spouse), have a very stressful impact on people. These life changes can also directly influence. The same can be said for career changes. Being suddenly thrust into a job with new responsibilities can be very stressful. Under-promotion and over-promotion can also be stress provoking. Career planning can prevent such stress-producing situations in employees. The effects of Job on Individuals As was pointed out in the introductory comments, stress is not all negative for individual employees or their organizational performance. In fact, it is general mild stress, such as getting a new supervisor or being involuntary transferred, may result in an increased search for information in the job. This may lead employees to new and better ways of doing their jobs. Research is also emerging that indicates that the level of difficulty and nature of the task being performed and personal situational variables may affect the relationship between stress and performance. However, it is still safe to conclude that: 1. The performance of many tasks is in fact strongly affected by stress. 2. Performance usually drops off sharply when stress rises to high levels. It is the dysfunctional effects of high levels of stress that should be and are a major concern for contemporary society in general and for effective human resources management in particular. The problems due to high levels of stress can be exhibited physically, psychologically or behaviorally by the individual. Stress has impact on physical health. A high level of stress is accompanied by high blood pressure and high level of cholesterol and can result in heart disease, ulcer and arthritis. However stress can and does contribute to these dreaded diseases and to other physical problems as well. There is an impact of stress on mental health. Yet, at least indirectly if not directly, the psychological problems resulting from stress may be just as important in day-to-day job as performance. Atiq ur Rahman email@example.com Chapter 5 Job Stress Page 7 High level of stress may be accompanied by anger, anxiety, depression, nervousness, irritability, tension and boredom. Change in mood and other emotional states and especially relevant to job performance, lowered self-esteem, resentment of supervision, inability to concentrate and make decisions and job dissatisfaction. These outcomes of stress can have a direct cost effect on the organization. Of even greater significance, the outcomes of stress can have a subtle and/very real, affect on the styles and effectiveness of managers in key positions. They may feel that they are not living up to suffer a loss of self esteem. Co-workers, subordinates and superiors may become very disgusted with such a manager. Behaviors that may accompany high level of stress include under-eating, overeating, sleeplessness, increased smoking and drinking and drug abuse. There is some research evidence indicating the relationship between stress and especially absenteeism and turnover. For example, workers may experience stress and react by getting drunk and staying home from work the next day with a hangover. Atiq ur Rahman email@example.com
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