text:
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Nuclear Physics A361 (198 1) 307 - 325; @ North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam
Not to be reproduced by photoprint or microfilm without written permission from the publisher
R. A. BROGLIA, G. POLLAROLO + and A. WINTHER
The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Q, Denmark
Received 21 August 1980
Abstract: A preliminary investigation of the nuclear imaginary potential to be used for the analysis of
elastic scattering data of heavy ions is presented. The derivation is carried out in the framework of
the semiclassical description. The resulting potential is angular momentum independent and shows
two components. A long range part due to transfer reactions and a short range part due to nuclear
inelastic scattering. Coulomb excitation has not been taken into account. Simple closed expressions
are derived for the transition amplitudes associated with the transfer and inelastic processes, including
the Q-value dependence which can be used for the analysis of reaction data.
1. Introduction
In the analysis of elastic scattering of nucleons on nuclei one has introduced,
besides the average (real) potential, U, an imaginary potential, W. It accounts for
the depopulation of the elastic channel due to residual interactions. A part of this
absorption is associated with the mean free path of nucleons in nuclear matter. This
part of the absorption, WV, is constant over the nuclear volume and vanishes in the
surface region more or less proportional to the density of the nucleus. The volume
part, WV, has been determined experimentally to have a smooth dependence on the
bombarding energy and is rather well understood ').
Besides the interaction of the nucleon with the bulk of the nucleus, depopulation
of the entrance channel will take place through the coupling to specific channels
like the excitation of surface modes and the pick-up of nucleons. Attempts to
calculate a surface absorptive potential,
not been successful. In fact the potentials calculated from the interpretation
in terms of a position dependent mean free path are strongly
Nevertheless it has been possible to describe
adjusting a suitably parametrized function W = WV+ W,, which is independent of
angular momentum. The surface contribution
than the volume contribution for bombarding energies below 40-50 MeV [ref. 3)].
The concept of an imaginary potential has been used also in the analysis of elastic
scattering of heavy ions with similar success 4). It is expected that the surface
W,, which describes these effects have
of W,
non-local functions
by empirically
elastic scattering
to the absorption is usually larger
+ On leave of absence from Istituto di Fish Teorica, Universita di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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R. A. Broglia et al. / Absorptive potential
absorption is in this case completely dominant in that all exit channels including
fusion can hardly be reached except via channels excited during the approach of the
nuclear surfaces.
In this note we show how one may understand the empirically found absorptive
potential, when the strict interpretation of WJr) in terms of a mean free path is
discarded. Explicit expressions for Ws are given.
2. Semiclassical treatment
The semiclassical equations of motion for the amplitudes associated with the
different reaction channels /? are 5,
h?,(t) = C (cop, (V,-
where Ep = Eb + EB is the sum of the energies of the two nuclei in channel fi, while
E, is similarly defined in channel y. The quantities $, and wB are related to the
product wave functions associated with the channels y and p respectively. The
ion-ion potential U, is the expectation value of the interaction V, in channel y. The
matrix elements are functions of the relative position of the ions and are functions of
time as the ions move on the classical trajectory of relative motion. For each term
the relative motion is chosen as the average between the two channels connected
by the matrix element, Eqs. (1) are to be solved for a given impact parameter with
the initial condition that cs( - 00) = S(/?, a), where a is the entrance channel (cf.
appendix A).
The question we want to address is, whether one can solve the set of equations (1)
in terms of a small number, S, of active channels, including the entrance channel,
introducing at the same time an imaginary potential, i.e.
iAt, = 1 (cob, ( Vy+ iWj"- Uy)lC/ y)ei(EB--Ey)t'ficy(t).
The index S indicates that W would depend on the size of the subspace of states
which are explicitly treated by eqs. (2). In fact W would vanish if S included all
channels. In so far as the imaginary potential
elements independent of the channel label one may solve (2) in terms of the solutions
c' of the correspondingly truncated set of equations (I), i.e.
W,!"' has only diagonal matrix
c&t) = c;(t) exp {i ~~~W(r(r))dr],
where r(t) indicates the classical trajectory of relative motion which we assumed
to be similar within the group of channels S. The total probability of finding the
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R. A. Broglia et al. / Absorptive potential
system in one of the channels S after the collision is
Ps = C Ic~@)l exp E
{' S_IP(r(t))dt) = exp { - f ~~~IP'(r(r))dr} ,
where we used the unitarity of any truncated set of equations (1).
As the subset S we first consider only the entrance channel a. In order to evaluate
W we view the total depopulation of the entrance channel as due to elementary
transitions like excitation of collective modes and transfers of single nucleons. In
this picture multinucleon transfer is the result of the successive transfer of nucleons.
We shall assume (i) that these elementary transitions are independent of each other,
and (ii) that the probability,
P,, that a specific transition n occurs during the
collision is a small number. In order to evaluate in this model the probability, P,,
of remaining in the entrance channel after the collision, we must envisage that there
are so many possible transitions n that p = &,,
The probability
P, can thus not be estimated by 1 -p,
p, = ~~UYP,) = exp{- CP,>.
> 1 although all p. are small.
but one should use the
In the first expression we used assumption (i), while to obtain the final form we
also used assumption (ii).
Although these two assumptions may seem crude, they may be rather well
fulfilled in actual cases. The first assumption of independence, essentially amounts to
describe the nuclear states as product states of fermion excitations, particle-hole
phonons and pairing phonons. The limitation of this description is associated
with the overcounting of the degrees of freedom as well as with the effects of the
residual interactions, which couple e.g. the transferred nucleons into pairing and
particle-hole phonons. The second assumption is rather well fulfilled except for
the collective surface vibrational or rotational states. To the extent that one can
describe the vibrations as purely harmonic, one can substitute a collective vibrator
by a large number of independent vibrators each of them being excited only weakly.
Formula (5) is actually an exact expression for the probability of staying in the
ground state of a harmonic oscillator. For the excitation of rotational states this
argument does not apply and the expression (5) will lead to a poor approximation for
the imaginary potential associated with the elastic scattering on deformed nuclei.
In order to evaluate the exponent in (5) we should calculate the transition
p, for stripping and pick-up of single nucleons as well as for the
excitation of surface and pairing vibrations in target and projectile. We use the
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R. A. Broglia et al. 1 Absorptive potential
where cd_ is the transition amplitude
in perturbation
Inserting (6) into (5) and comparing to (4) we obtain the following equation which
is to be satisfied by the imaginary potential
Since this equation does not provide a prescription to determine the function W(r),
additional constraints have to be imposed.
If one adhers to the concept of a depopulation
(8) for an arbitrary upper limit t. One then finds
theory (cf. appendix B).
W("(r(t))dt = +h C lc,,,J2.
local in time one should enforce
( Wco'(r(0)), = h Re 1 ~~,,(t)c_.#)~
where c,+,(t)
leads to a @'(r(t)) which is different for t = & It 1, although r(t) = r( - t). Com-
promising on the locality in time one may enforce the locality in r by the
is iven by (7) with t as an upper limit instead of co. This prescription
( Wco)(r)),, = 9 Re c (&(t)c,,,(t) + $,J - t)c,+,( - t)),
which also satisfies (8). This prescription leads to a function which depends strongly
on the energy and the angular momentum, and which coincides, for the case of
Coulomb excitation, with the expressions given in ref. 12).
Since the imaginary potential used in the analysis of experimental data is angular
momentum independent, it seems more natural to use this criterion as the sub-
sidiary condition to determine W(r) from (8). This can be done by interpreting (8)
as an identity in the angular momentum.
c,,@'s in (8) are mainly determined by the distance of closest approach
condition in 1 is largely equivalent to an interpretation
Using a parabolic expansion of the trajectory
appendix B, eq. (lo)), one finds
For nuclear interactions, where the
ro, the
of (8) as an identity in ro.
around the turning point (cf.
i, being the acceleration
amplitudes c can be parametrized as
at the turning point. As shown in appendix B, the
C a-l?
z Ke-'Oh.
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R. A. Broglia et al. 1 Absorptive potential
In this case, the integral equation (11) for W can be solved leading to the result
For the transfer channels, the quantity cc0 is of the order of 1.2 fm, while for nuclear
inelastic scattering it is of the order of 0.6 fm. This implies that the total absorptive
potential has two components; a long range part with the difuseness of N 0.6 fm
due to transfer, and a short range with a difuseness of N 0.3 fm due inelastic pro-
cesses, Some experimental evidence for such two-component
found 13).
When Coulomb excitation is included, the transition amplitudes for inelastic
scattering cannot be parametrized as in (12). In fact the amplitudes would consist of
two terms with opposite sign, leading to a short range potential due to inelastic
scattering, a long range potential due to Coulomb excitation, and an interference
contribution which is in fact a source term.
In the present paper we shall neglect Coulomb excitation and the results are
therefore valid for relatively light ion scattering.
Since Coulomb excitation, at bombarding energies of few MeV per nucleon, leads
only to states of low excitation energy, such reactions are often counted experi-
mentally as elastic events. Because Coulomb
trajectory of relative motion to any appreciable extent, one might, for the analysis
of such "elastic" experiments, use an absorptive potential which consists merely of
the W due to transfer plus a W due to inelastic scattering to high-lying states which
can only be excited by nuclear interaction.
potential have been
excitation does not change the
3. Calculation of the absorptive potential
In this section we evaluate the absorptive potential
utilizing the approximate
appendix B. The contributions to W from nucleon stripping and pick-up are given by
W(r) defined in eq. (13),
amplitudes expressions for the transition given in
** 2
& (W(r)),,,,,, =
(I( C:Q,"=,l* + I(&?)I;~ = ,),
where the summation is to be carried over the quantum numbers associated with
the index 8, that is, Z,M,, ZB and M,. Furthermore, the sum also implies an averaging
over the initial orientation, that is, a sum over A4, and MA.
Utilizing the expressions (B.19), (B.29), (B.44) and (B.47) we can write (14) in
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the form
R. A. Broglia ef al. 1 Absorptive potential
The orbital integrals over the single-particle
and (B.45) for nucleon stripping and nucleon pick-up respectively except that the
fiMJ' form factors are substituted by (B.30) and (B.48) respectively. In deriving (15)
we have neglected the dependence of dE on In and Zb for a given fixed single-particle
orbital, that is, the variation of the Q-value within the energy interval over which
the single-particle strength is spread. The quantities
form-factor are given by (B.28)
V2 are the occupation
that the single-particle
U2 = 1 - V2 is the corresponding
Using the approximate expression (B.41) for the orbital integral we find
orbitals a; are occupied in the nucleus a. The quantity
probability that the state is empty.
a,tlja ~wol~2
((2j; + l)V'(u,zA)I/~(u;z~)~f~~dO~~Ns~(u, $I2
+(2j, + W2(Q,) ~2(~,~A)If"nb"~'NP'(O~ r)12)s&z),
where we assumed p' = 0 and define
The function g determines the adiabatic cut-off. The quantities a and b are related
to the quantity q in eq. (B.42). They are given by
where the optimum Q-value is
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R. A. Broglia et al. / Absorptive potential
For small collision times the quantity (18) is unity. One can estimate the function g
by utilizing the approximation
and substituting the sum over p by an integral. One thus obtains
gA(a, b) = k
oexp [ - Re (a-b cos 8)'] dtI.
This function has been evaluated numerically for real values of a and b and the
result is given in fig. 1.
2. 3.
Fig. 1. The adiabatic cut-off function g,(Q) which describes the ratio of the actual transition probability
to the same quantity in the sudden approximation. It is defined in (18) and is given as a function of the
dimensionless parameters a and b. The parameter a which depends on the Q-value is defined in (19)
while b which depends on the angular momentum transfer I, is defined in (21).
The contributions to W from nuclear inelastic scattering is similarly given by
where the orbital integrals for target and projectile excitation are given by (B.3) and
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R. A. Broglia et al. / Absorptive potential
(B.7) with the form factors (B.4a) and the nuclear part of (B.8) respectively. Inserting
the result (B. 12) we find
W"k) = 1 J-
The adiabatic cut-off function g is given by the same expression as (18) with
Q,,, = Oand with d ff a i useness parameter a instead of a,r. The sum of the form factors
appearing in (25) can be written in terms of the total zero-point fluctuation u of
the two nuclear surfaces defined by
fJ2 = c (21 + 1) (
of all states below the adiabatic cut-off, i.e.
16rr; ,p (If~N'TE'w12
+ v-~'PE'w12h(Q).
2 (R:"')2 + $ (Rr')2
K&9 = J16nFo,h2
c2 (%>'.
The total absorption is thus equal to
W(r) = W,ransf(r) + Winei(r).
In the derivation of this potential we assumed (cf. eq. (12)) that the transition
amplitudes were exponential functions of the distance of closest approach. This
ansatz seems reasonable, because although
also on i,, this dependence appears as a multiplicative factor under the square root.
However the expressions (17) and (27) are singular for i, = 0 which in the classical
description happens when the angular momentum of relative motion is equal to
the grazing value 6. This is however a fictitious problem since the existence of an
imaginary potential means that the classical trajectories should be complex. In
terms of the effective potential for the radial motion Ueffr the turning point de-
termined from
the transition amplitudes depends
E = &(r,) + iVr,),
is complex and the acceleration
i, = - + d (Uert+iW),,ro
aA a'
is in general non-vanishing. In fact the use of the expression (28) for W(r) requires
that 7, and W should be determined self-consistently from eqs. (28)-(30).
For simple estimates one may use for the modulus of the acceleration
estimate based on a Coulomb trajectory which is
Z Z e2
x B maAfO = _
TO r0 'B
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R. A. Broglia et al. / Absorptive potential 315
where EB is the height of the Coulomb barrier and rB the radius of the barrier
(rJr,,, = l.O7(Af + Ai) + 2.72.
The absorptive potential determined self-consistently from eqs. (28)(30) is local as
far as is independent of 1. It does show however an energy dependence through the
parameter f,. Besides entering as a multiplicative factor, f, enters in the adiabatic
cut-off parameters (19) and (21). For increasing bombarding energies it is expected
that i, increases. The corresponding decrease in W, because of the square root
factor, is more than compensated by the change in the adiabatic cut-off which
implies that more states contribute to the depopulation of the entrance channel.
Preliminary numerical calculations of the imaginary potential on the basis of the
expressions given above are in good agreement
Systematic calculations are in progress and will be presented elsewhere.
with the experimental data.
4. Conclusions
In this paper we have derived explicit expressions for the imaginary potential to
be used in the analysis of elastic scattering data. This was done by imposing the
condition that W should not depend on the angular momentum, and making use
of the assumption that the different channels contributing to W are independent.
Only the effects due to nuclear interaction were included. In the derivation we
used the semiclassical description and the corresponding
transition probabilities. The explicit expressions for these quantities are useful1 for
the discussion of the Q-value dependence of transfer reactions and inelastic scattering
of heavy ions. The resulting W has a long range component due to single-particle
transfer, and a short range part due to inelastic scattering.
expressions for the
Appendix A
The coupled equations (1) are complicated by the fact that the channel wave
functions I//? describing various exit channels in transfer
orthogonal, i.e. the overlap matrix
reactions are non-
a&, = (& JI,)
is only diagonal at t = f co.
From the time-dependent Schriidinger equation the coupled equations are directly
obtained in the form
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In order to write them in the simple form (1) we introduce the adjoint channel
wave functions oy as
WY = 1 (u- i)&$D,
where a-r is the reciprocal matrix to (A.l). For small overlap (grazing collisions)
a = l+&,
with E < 1 we may use
a-l = l--E+&'+....
Defining adjoint amplitudes
ts = 1 ap,cyei(Efl-&)tift
as the expansion of the state vector on the adjoint channel wave functions (A.3) we
find that they satisfy the equations
ihtD = C ($,, (I$ - UB)$r)ei(Efl-EY)*"cy
= 1 (I)@, (VP- Ug)Oy)ei(Eg--E,)t'hCy.
We used here the post-prior symmetry relation
= ih _ (a
derived in ref. ') (cf. ibid, eq. (4.2)).
While the quantities lcB12 or lC,12 at time f cc signify the probability of being in
channel /? they do not satisfy unitarity at t x 0. We may at intermediate
rather use the quantity
J',(t) = Re {$(t)c,(t)),
for which it is easy to prove unitarity, i.e.
Appendix B
In this appendix we quote the results of the semiclassical perturbation
of transfer and inelastic reactions between heavy ions [cf. refs. 5-7)].
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R. A. Broglia et al. / Absorptive potential
We consider a collision between projectile a and target A.
spherical nuclei and assume that excitations only take place
projectile. For target excitation the first order amplitude is
We shall consider
in either target or
where ZAMA and Z;MX are the spin quantum numbers of the target states before
and after the excitation, while EA and Ei are the corresponding energies. We may
write (B.l) in the form
cTE = - i 1 (Z,M,L - pIZ;M;)
J212+ 1 ac'
(-l)"_" z
_ m
ZA, = h s
dr exp C~&lflPWN Y&W
where r(t) indicates the time-dependent
respect to the target and hw; is the excitation energy. The form factorfiA)(r) is to a
good approximation ') given by
position vector of the projectile with
f?)(r) = fl'A'(r) +fi(A'(r),
j-,"'"'(r) = -( - 1)"
f d-
% JZTi,
f,"'"'(r) = (- 1)"
where dw
U,,(r) is the ion-ion potential and R, (') the radius of nucleus A. The second term is
the Coulomb excitation part of the interaction, Za indicating the charge number
of the projectile. The reduced matrix element of the electric multipole moment
may be written
is the zero point amplitude, (l,,la,,lO), of the vibration, while
(&M(En)llO) = 3zAF'
2 ,/m,
where R; is the charge radius of nucleus A, while Z,e is its charge.
For projectile excitation one finds a similar expression
cPE = -i(ZaA4,A-pIZ~M~)
(- 1)'
pITi zw
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R. A. Broglia et nl. / Absorptive potential
IAt, = k s
dt exp Ciw~tJ~~)(r(t))Y,,(~(t)),
p(r) = (- 1)"
The difference in sign between (B.6) and (B.2) is due to the fact that P is oriented
from A to a.
The orbital integrals (B.3) or (B.7) are most easily evaluated in a coordinate system
where the z-axis is perpendicular to the plane of the trajectory along the angular
momentum of relative motion, and the x-axis is pointing towards the projectile at
the point of closest approach. In this case
q&P(t)) = YAp(* n, 0) eip+('),
where # is the azimuthal angle.
Since the nuclear part of the form factor has a short range we may evaluate the
orbital integrals by a series expansion around the time (t = 0) of closest approach, i.e.
r(t) = r. +fi,t2,
440 = &t,
where the acceleration F0 and the angular velocity &, at the closest distance r0 are
positive. Utilizing an exponental form for iJaA, i.e.
ar * U' ( ro) e- "- ' """,
with a x 0.6 fm, we find
I$ = Y,& O)~~(~*) f s ; exp [-d~~t2+iw,t2/a+io,t+i~~iotldt
= Y;#(fK 0)
The quantity m
exponential factor the orbital integral is the product of this time and the form factor
at the distance of closest approach in units of h. The exponential function gives rise
to the adiabatic cut-off at nuclear frequencies w1 which exceed the inverse collision
time. We may estimate the quantity maAPO (Q,
bombarding energy in the c.m. system divided by r0 [cf. (31)]. The adiabatic cut-off
indicates the collision time, zinel, and in the absence of the
being the reduced mass) by the
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R. A. Broglia et al. / Absorptive potential
energy is
where ehiev is the laboratory bombarding energy per nucleon measured in MeV and
is the distance of closest approach
h& is similarly given by
in fm. The quantity
where lg is the grazing angular momentum L, in units of /i.
Nuclear states can thus only be excited if the excitation energy AE = hw satisfies
the inequality
where (AL), = +$I indicates the angular momentum,
relative motion in the direction of the relative angular momentum L. In a purely
classical description with a continuous energy and angular momentum loss, the
two quantities on the left-hand side of (B.15) would be equal since
which is gained by the
L maA
dt (r x F(t))% z L
8. F(t)dt = - AE/q$,,
where F is the effective dissipative force acting on the projectile.
The expression (B.12) has been compared *) to the results of the WKB
approximation for the radial matrix elements in a DWBA treatment of inelastic
scattering. If one uses for r e, t, and 4, the average values of the corresponding
quantities in entrance and exit channel, which are in general complex numbers, one
finds quite accurate agreement even for large Q-values.
The orbital integrals (B.3) for the Coulomb excitation part have been evaluated
numerically and are given e.g. in ref. Q).
Next we consider a single particle stripping reaction, where the residual nucleus
B contains one nucleon more than the target A while the scattered nucleus b has
lost a nucleon.
The first order amplitude for this reaction is
x exp W,, + EB - E. - E&+ r,dOllfi,
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R. A. Broglin et al. ,I Absorptive potential
where we have indicated the nuclear states by their spin quantum numbers. The
phase r,,(t) is given by [cf. ref. ') eq. (2.52)]
r@(t) =
W,(t) - ~,@)W,
where Z(f) is the lagrangian of relative motion, i.e.
y&t) = 3maAvz - ~,,C~),
the (average) position and velocity of relative motion being r(t) = $tr,,+r,,)
y(r) = f(t), respectively.
We shall write the amplitude (B.16) in the form [cf. ref. 6, sects. 2 and 31
aA-+bB =
-i 1
The dependence of the form factor on the velocity of relative motion through
is associated with the recoil effect, md = ma-m, being the mass of the transferred
The form factors can be expressed in terms of the intrinsic form factors through
the relation
The eulerian angles 9; are defined by the rotation from the laboratory system to
the intrinsic (1, 2, 3) system where the 3-axis is along r and the l-axis is in the
direction of the orbital angular momentum. If we chose to evaluate the amplitude
(B.19) in the coordinate system (A) used above where
we may write
x i J 1 dt exp [i(dEt+ Y&,(t) + hCl~(t))lA}f~~'lk3(t), k,(t), r(t)).
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R. A. Broglia et al. / Absorptive potential 321
Examples of the intrinsic form factors are shown in ref. '=), figs. 6-8. The main part
of the longitudinal recoil effect associated with k, may be extracted as an average
phase factor
In the latter equation we used an approximation
which is valid for not too high bombarding energies [cf. ref. 6, eq. (4.36)]. The
phase 0 is given by (cf. ref. 5), eq. (3.16))
for the transverse recoil effect
6 = k&t) R,- --!k- r
h m,+mA
z - ~ i(t)(R,m, - RamB),
where we used that r x Ra-t- R,. The transverse momentum k, can be expressed in
terms of the angular momentum L. The product
k2(t)r(t) = -2 ;
is thus a constant. Inserting these results in (B.24) we find
x i
y dt exp [@Et + ya.(r) + #S(L) + @&r))/h]f$'(O,
r(r)). (B.28)
The radial form factors can be expressed in terms of form factors describing the
transition between the single-particle
a, = (n,l,ji) in A, i.e.
configuration a; = (n;r;j;) in a and
f;i'(O, r) = 1 C*(Z,a, ; Z,)C(Z,a; ; ZJ xf$P'(O, r)&j,, J )S(j;, J '),
where the C's are spectroscopic
factors for p' 1 0 are given by [cf. ref. 6), eqs. (6.18) and (6.9)]
amplitudes and where the single particle form


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(3) https://sites.google.com/site/globalbusinessmap/
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This document includes certain forward-looking statements. These statements are based on the current expectations or beliefs of management of ReachLocal and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. Actual results may vary materially from those expressed or implied by the statements herein due to (1) changes in economic, business, competitive, technological and/or regulatory factors, (2) failure of the AdWords strategic relationship with Google to produce expected results; (3) failure to compete successfully in a highly competitive and rapidly changing marketplace, (4) failure to retain key employees, and (5) other factors affecting the business operation of ReachLocal. More detailed information about these and other factors that may affect current expectations may be found in filings by ReachLocal with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. ReachLocal is under no obligation to, and expressly disclaims any such obligation to, update or alter its forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Wearable technology was dominant at this year's International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) , and MWC was no exception to this trend. New versions of favorites, such as the Samsung Gear (three new products were released: the Gear 2, the Gear 2 Neo and the Gear Fit), shared the limelight with new wearables like Pebble Time Steel (the new premium version of the company's previously released smartwatch) and the LG Watch Urbane. The most dramatic difference at MWC was an emphasis on presenting wearables as fashion accessories and moving away from the original clunky technology associated with t...
Mar. 31, 2015 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,594
SYS-CON Events announced today that robomq.io will exhibit at SYS-CON's @ThingsExpo, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. robomq.io is an interoperable and composable platform that connects any device to any application. It helps systems integrators and the solution providers build new and innovative products and service for industries requiring monitoring or intelligence from devices and sensors.
Mar. 31, 2015 06:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,602
Internet of Things (IoT) will be a hybrid ecosystem of diverse devices and sensors collaborating with operational and enterprise systems to create the next big application. In their session at @ThingsExpo, Bramh Gupta, founder and CEO of robomq.io, and Fred Yatzeck, principal architect leading product development at robomq.io, will discuss how choosing the right middleware and integration strategy from the get-go will enable IoT solution developers to adapt and grow with the industry, while at the same time reduce Time to Market (TTM) by using plug and play capabilities offered by a robust I...
Mar. 31, 2015 04:00 PM EDT Reads: 606
After making a doctor's appointment via your mobile device, you receive a calendar invite. The day of your appointment, you get a reminder with the doctor's location and contact information. As you enter the doctor's exam room, the medical team is equipped with the latest tablet containing your medical history – he or she makes real time updates to your medical file. At the end of your visit, you receive an electronic prescription to your preferred pharmacy and can schedule your next appointment.
Mar. 31, 2015 03:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,019
SYS-CON Events announced today that Solgenia will exhibit at SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, and the 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Solgenia is the global market leader in Cloud Collaboration and Cloud Infrastructure software solutions. Designed to "Bridge the Gap" between Personal and Professional Social, Mobile and Cloud user experiences, our solutions help large and medium-sized organizations dr...
Mar. 31, 2015 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 3,041
While not quite mainstream yet, WebRTC is starting to gain ground with Carriers, Enterprises and Independent Software Vendors (ISV's) alike. WebRTC makes it easy for developers to add audio and video communications into their applications by using Web browsers as their platform. But like any market, every customer engagement has unique requirements, as well as constraints. And of course, one size does not fit all. In her session at WebRTC Summit, Dr. Natasha Tamaskar, Vice President, Head of Cloud and Mobile Strategy at GENBAND, will explore what is needed to take a real time communications ...
Mar. 31, 2015 02:39 PM EDT Reads: 538
SYS-CON Events announced today that Litmus Automation will exhibit at SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Litmus Automation's vision is to provide a solution for companies that are in a rush to embrace the disruptive Internet of Things technology and leverage it for real business challenges. Litmus Automation simplifies the complexity of connected devices applications with Loop, a secure and scalable cloud platform.
Mar. 31, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 655
The world's leading Cloud event, Cloud Expo has launched Microservices Journal on the SYS-CON.com portal, featuring over 19,000 original articles, news stories, features, and blog entries. DevOps Journal is focused on this critical enterprise IT topic in the world of cloud computing. Microservices Journal offers top articles, news stories, and blog posts from the world's well-known experts and guarantees better exposure for its authors than any other publication. Follow new article posts on Twitter at @MicroservicesE
Mar. 31, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,572
SYS-CON Events announced today the IoT Bootcamp – Jumpstart Your IoT Strategy, being held June 9–10, 2015, in conjunction with 16th Cloud Expo and Internet of @ThingsExpo at the Javits Center in New York City. This is your chance to jumpstart your IoT strategy. Combined with real-world scenarios and use cases, the IoT Bootcamp is not just based on presentations but includes hands-on demos and walkthroughs. We will introduce you to a variety of Do-It-Yourself IoT platforms including Arduino, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, Spark and Intel Edison. You will also get an overview of cloud technologies s...
Mar. 31, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,249
Containers and microservices have become topics of intense interest throughout the cloud developer and enterprise IT communities. Accordingly, attendees at the upcoming 16th Cloud Expo at the Javits Center in New York June 9-11 will find fresh new content in a new track called PaaS | Containers & Microservices Containers are not being considered for the first time by the cloud community, but a current era of re-consideration has pushed them to the top of the cloud agenda. With the launch of Docker's initial release in March of 2013, interest was revved up several notches. Then late last...
Mar. 31, 2015 09:15 AM EDT Reads: 2,305
The WebRTC Summit 2015 New York, to be held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York, NY, announces that its Call for Papers is open. Topics include all aspects of improving IT delivery by eliminating waste through automated business models leveraging cloud technologies. WebRTC Summit is co-located with 16th International Cloud Expo, @ThingsExpo, Big Data Expo, and DevOps Summit.
Mar. 31, 2015 09:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,729
SOA Software has changed its name to Akana. With roots in Web Services and SOA Governance, Akana has established itself as a leader in API Management and is expanding into cloud integration as an alternative to the traditional heavyweight enterprise service bus (ESB). The company recently announced that it achieved more than 90% year-over-year growth. As Akana, the company now addresses the evolution and diversification of SOA, unifying security, management, and DevOps across SOA, APIs, microservices, and more.
Mar. 31, 2015 08:30 AM EDT Reads: 2,115
The list of 'new paradigm' technologies that now surrounds us appears to be at an all time high. From cloud computing and Big Data analytics to Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) and the Internet of Things (IoT), today we have to deal with what the industry likes to call 'paradigm shifts' at every level of IT. This is disruption; of course, we understand that – change is almost always disruptive.
Mar. 30, 2015 04:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,199
SYS-CON Events announced today that SafeLogic has been named "Bag Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo® New York, which will take place June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. SafeLogic provides security products for applications in mobile and server/appliance environments. SafeLogic's flagship product CryptoComply is a FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic engine designed to secure data on servers, workstations, appliances, mobile devices, and in the Cloud.
Mar. 30, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,557
GENBAND has announced that SageNet is leveraging the Nuvia platform to deliver Unified Communications as a Service (UCaaS) to its large base of retail and enterprise customers. Nuvia's cloud-based solution provides SageNet's customers with a full suite of business communications and collaboration tools. Two large national SageNet retail customers have recently signed up to deploy the Nuvia platform and the company will continue to sell the service to new and existing customers. Nuvia's capabilities include HD voice, video, multimedia messaging, mobility, conferencing, Web collaboration, deskt...
Mar. 30, 2015 01:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,535
SYS-CON Media announced today that @WebRTCSummit Blog, the largest WebRTC resource in the world, has been launched. @WebRTCSummit Blog offers top articles, news stories, and blog posts from the world's well-known experts and guarantees better exposure for its authors than any other publication. @WebRTCSummit Blog can be bookmarked ▸ Here @WebRTCSummit conference site can be bookmarked ▸ Here
Mar. 29, 2015 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,883
SYS-CON Events announced today that Cisco, the worldwide leader in IT that transforms how people connect, communicate and collaborate, has been named "Gold Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Cisco makes amazing things happen by connecting the unconnected. Cisco has shaped the future of the Internet by becoming the worldwide leader in transforming how people connect, communicate and collaborate. Cisco and our partners are building the platform for the Internet of Everything by connecting the...
Mar. 29, 2015 07:00 PM EDT Reads: 5,292
Temasys has announced senior management additions to its team. Joining are David Holloway as Vice President of Commercial and Nadine Yap as Vice President of Product. Over the past 12 months Temasys has doubled in size as it adds new customers and expands the development of its Skylink platform. Skylink leads the charge to move WebRTC, traditionally seen as a desktop, browser based technology, to become a ubiquitous web communications technology on web and mobile, as well as Internet of Things compatible devices.
Mar. 29, 2015 06:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,897
Docker is an excellent platform for organizations interested in running microservices. It offers portability and consistency between development and production environments, quick provisioning times, and a simple way to isolate services. In his session at DevOps Summit at 16th Cloud Expo, Shannon Williams, co-founder of Rancher Labs, will walk through these and other benefits of using Docker to run microservices, and provide an overview of RancherOS, a minimalist distribution of Linux designed expressly to run Docker. He will also discuss Rancher, an orchestration and service discovery platf...
Mar. 29, 2015 04:15 PM EDT Reads: 2,478
SYS-CON Events announced today that Vitria Technology, Inc. will exhibit at SYS-CON's @ThingsExpo, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Vitria will showcase the company's new IoT Analytics Platform through live demonstrations at booth #330. Vitria's IoT Analytics Platform, fully integrated and powered by an operational intelligence engine, enables customers to rapidly build and operationalize advanced analytics to deliver timely business outcomes for use cases across the industrial, enterprise, and consumer segments.
Mar. 29, 2015 03:30 PM EDT Reads: 2,239

subset: commoncrawl


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Free forum : This is a Roleplay forum for Daisuke Amaya's Cave Story, the first of its kind. We operate on a post-by-post roleplay format, but also have Chatbox Rp as well.
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ficus elastica
I believe I have a ficus elastica plant ( found growing in yard with one leaf and about 2in tall under a year ago)
I want to move it indoors and put in a much larger pot as some of the fine roots are already on top of the soil. Any suggestion on the size of pot and the type of potting soil?
Certainly could be an "elastica " but i suspect it's what is known as a "strangler fig" they will grow in almost ANY situation. Pot is a great place to grow one as they are terrible yard plants lol VERY INVASIVE!! lol
Might be okay as a house plant should be VERY easy gary
just looking at pics - benghalensis has a rounded tip, not pointed.
elastica has just one central pronounced vein, no laterals.
but this does look like ficus.
citrifolia (wild banyan tree, native to fl) seems similar. also some banyans look similar. can it self-seed?
don't know where in fl you are.
here's a quote on geographic distribution from unmentionable DG site
This is the only other spp. of ficus native to Florida and the U.S. other than Ficus aurea (Strangler Fig or Golden Fig). This spp., Ficus citrifolia, is native to the tropical hammocks and similar habitats with sunlight in southern Florida, in Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe (including the Keys) and Collier counties, zones 10a south through 11. It is more restricted in distribution and more southernly than the more hardy, also native, Ficus aurea (Strangler Fig), as Ficus citrifolia (this spp.) is more cold-sensitive than Ficus aurea, and is restricted to far southern Florida and the Keys. The only population of this plant recorded in central Florida is in Hillsborough County, zone 9a/9b.
I would chop off the top just above the first branch with more than 3 leaves, then stake that branch to the support as your new leader. If the soil/root mass can't be lifted from the pot intact, it doesn't need repotting. If it can, I would chop off the bottom half of the roots, bare-root, correct potential root problems, and repot into a fast draining, chunky soil based on large particles (like pine bark), and probably situate it in a smaller pot.
Have to say undecided (that's a less painful way of saying I don't know). There are many hundreds of species of Ficus. It very well could be F elastica. The plants selected as houseplants are known to have a broader, stiffer, and more upright leaf habit than the wild form of the plant, which is consistent with what we can see in the pic.


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The British duo Swayzak is a dance Darwinist. Last time, on 2002's Dirty Dancing, the onetime tech-house act's evolution lapsed into fashion and electroclashed with its previous emphasis on beauty. Loops from the Bergerie, Swayzak's fourth studio album, houses all that was good about Dancing (specifically, rampant pop tendencies) while turning toward introspection, expertly folding minimal, crunked synth lines into almost every song. The album sounds like Junior Boys with balls, as the group lines its best electronic dirges with guitars, analog synths, and 4/4 beats while permanent member David "Brun" Brown and guest Richard Davis sing morosely gorgeous melodies. -- Rich Juzwiak
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I've a new feeder which seems to spill half the contents on the ground it wasn't a cheap one either, I'm thinking a tray could be fitted underneath, not sure how, seems a shame not to be able to use it though.
Read some where, seeds can be sterilized in the micro wave to prevent them from germinating.
You can get a whole range of hand tools in pink, Tinkling, I've pink, spongy, handled secartars.
Read in a book yeaterday about beneficial planting and thyme planted along boarders repels slugs, might be worth a try if you have lots of thyme, they don't like the smell apparently but then it doesn't kill them so no doubt they would sliver off to eat another prize plant in your garden.
Blue bells are starting to show in my front garden, it's some what sheltered though and they grow by a wall.
Dull and wet here. Hope your feelling better soon Rain.
My bags are packed, just need to squeeze a few more things in and I'm off to Tenerife tomorrow, something of a surprise holiday. It was a nice 22 there on Christmas day and the average is forcast 22 for the next week or so.
Happy New Year to everyone, have a good one
Colin - No one likes to be wrong, so I checked, about the French Marigolds, they do kill knot-root nematodes - one of the bad guys which are detrimental to plant health.
Along with the link supplied by Dfa - Bob Flowerdews book ' Organic Garden Basics' has a few pages referring to to companion plants and beneficial planting. He says French Marigolds also deter whiteflies
Ate my Christmas spuds today, ever so tasty.
T&M have a growing guide for spud growing, which includes Christmas spuds. August is the right time to plant them apparently. If anyone is interested, they also have a special offer of free P&P, ends tonight at midnight and some spuds are £2.99 for 20 tubers, works out at 15p each, that's if the offer includes spuds.
And if you can't wait till Spring martymowe, Monty does a regular spread in the Daily Mail each Saturday
And I second you Maggie...Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you all...
I grew kohlrabi more successfully this year after realising it sits on the ground rather than half buried in soil like turnip, kept wanting to earth it up the first year grown.
Azure Star is a red variety and Delicacy White, grows green, I'd recommend both, can be sown as early as February but April sown seeds produced the better crops here in the NW. Doesn't seem to mind the wet weather either.
I didn't bother looking after hearing most of the programmes on the BBC this year are repeats...but...the Queens speech won't be a repeat and then there's always Freeview and Sky for those spending Christmas and New Year here in the UK I'm going to Tenerife on 28th for 11 days so don't plan to watch much TV.


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Victims' names released from Monday's fire
NISSWA — Names of the victims who were killed Monday morning inside a residence after firefighters responded to a call of a structure fire in Lake Edward Township near Nisswa were released Tuesday.
The Crow Wing County Sheriff office identified the victims as Kenneth Alan Ponsness, 56, and Kathleen Marie Ponsness, 57.
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- Colorado at Home - http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome -
Tomato fantasies and garden-book winners
Posted By Susan Clotfelter On February 11, 2010 @ 8:25 am In Garden Giveaways,General | No Comments
Are tomatoes even conceivable in this weather? I don't know about you, but this is the longest, darkest, coldest Colorado [1] winter [2] I remember. This is Iowa winter [2], Minnesota [3] winter. I know we shouldn't complain; friends of mine are in Philly for a jewelry trade show, and I shudder to think of what they're slogging through, stuck in City Center, and I just hope their hotel is stocked up with food and has a big lounge somewhere with a fireplace and that the path to the nearest friendly bar is shoveled and not very far.
So: We're not socked in with two or three or four feet of snow, and that's good, a blessing to not forget. And the sun is coming back. And we have tomato dreams. AND a tomato-book winner:
Cindy Peterson gardens in Golden [6]. These are a mere twenty of her tomato plants from last year. They got hit by the July 20 hailstorm and are shown recovering in August. The varieties: Golden Jubilee [7], Cherokee Purple, Early Girl, Mortgage Lifter, 1st Lady, Sweet 100 Cherry, Russian Rose [8], Manalucie, Dolly Parton [9], Mr. Stripey and Kosovo and Cambell's Soup. And I thought I had no resistance to a tomato description. (She doesn't mention my own tomato weakness, a Russian-style tomato called Black Pear [10], which is not like the Yellow Pear cherry tomato at all; it's medium-sized, ripens to a chocolate color, keeps bearing right into frost and holds well on the kitchen table while you're trying to get time to can/freeze/grill it). Cindy wins "The Too Many Tomatoes Cookbook."
And I don't know beans [12] about kids, but I know a cute photo when I see it. This is Owen, 7, in the bean patch of his parents, James and Cindy Searles [13] of Cotopaxi. Owen and his parents win a copy of Sharon Lovejoy's "Toad Cottages & Shooting Stars." The photo is not last year's bean patch, it's 2008's. Beans had a hard time last year — mine and the Searles'. It was wet, it was cool, then it was hot and dry, then it was hailing.
Ah, Colorado. We gardeners love you, but secretly, sometimes, in the dark of night or the oh-too-early morning, between pulling bindweed and squashing beetles, between amending sand and cutting into clay, between shivering and the passing-out-from-heat exhaustion, yes, I confess, we curse you. But … doesn't it make the triumphs sweeter?
And every year, a different story. Not for us those carefully orchestrated springs, where the daffodils bloom on April 2 precisely like a Haydn concerto. Nope. It's more like Stephanie Davis' "Talkin' Harvest Time Blues," [14] which KUNC [15]played just yesterday to taunt me (Wendy Wham, you are now on my list of "public figures I suspect are secret gardeners.)
That's why next week's giveaway is (drum roll) a toy to document your garden's progress: The TimeLapse Plant Cam. [16]This baby sells for around 80 smackers, people. I'm giving him away. But you've got to send me flowers. That's right, photos of your most fabulous, gorgeous, bountiful, buxom blooms. For Valentine's Day. Roses, dahlias, lilies, lilacs. Show me what you've got, gardeners. Let's ALL have flowers for V-Day, shall we?
Article printed from Colorado at Home: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome
URL to article: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/2010/02/11/tomato-fantasies-and-garden-book-giveaways/772/
URLs in this post:
[1] Colorado: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/colorado/
[2] winter: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/winter/
[3] Minnesota: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/minnesota/
[4] Image: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/files/2010/02/tomatowinner.jpg
[5] Cindy Peterson: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/cindy-peterson/
[6] Golden: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/golden/
[7] Golden Jubilee: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/golden-jubilee/
[8] Russian Rose: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/russian-rose/
[9] Dolly Parton: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/dolly-parton/
[10] Black Pear: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/black-pear/
[11] Image: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/files/2010/02/kidsgardenwinner6.jpg
[12] beans: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/beans/
[13] Cindy Searles: http://blogs.denverpost.com/coloradoathome/tag/cindy-searles/
[14] Stephanie Davis' "Talkin' Harvest Time Blues,": http://www.stephaniedavis.net/harvesttime.htm
[15] KUNC : http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/kunc/guide.guidemain?action=searchPlaylist2&newSearch=true&programID=361&startTime=0&endTime=0
[16] The TimeLapse Plant Cam. : http://www.cleanairgardening.com/timelapse-plant-cam--.html
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An apparatus for guiding the flow of urine from a female is disclosed. It includes a urinary-guide unit which is shaped to the contours of the female genital region and constructed of one-piece, flexible material, secured in place manually or by means of specially constructed garments which can be used to store the unit when the unit is intended to be worn. The method of using this apparatus is also disclosed.
1. A contoured, urinary-guide unit device for use by females to dispose of or collect urine having a plurality of contoured regions and, comprising:
(a) a flexible member have a bore therethrough, said felxible member being acutely angularly extended from the contoured regions of the unitary device;
(b) an inside surface of said device, having a urethral orifice for approximating the user's external urethral orifice and for passage of urine from the urethra through said flexible member of said device to the outside surface thereof which extends externally therefrom;
(c) a non invasive vaginal cover located on the interior surface of said device and disposed at a distance beneath said orifice generally equivalent to the distance between the urethra and the vaginal opening of the user, said cover covering the vaginal orifice to prevent urine contamination thereof;
(d) a base contour region which is generally shaped to extend laterally of the flexible member to conform to the perineum of the female genital anatomy and has a curvature declination as it forms;
(e) a pubic contour region which is generally shaped to extend at a right angle to the flexible member;
(f) left and right groin contour regions which are configured and shaped to conform to the left and right areas of the labium majus;
(g) means providing a vaginal-ridge guide configured to mate with and engage the vagina and formed by the base of the vaginal cover and extending down toward the base contour region of said device, said ridge having an elevation portion which declines dimensionally on each side to adjoin the groin contour regions, pubic contour regions, and base contour region;
(h) said vaginal cover and vaginal-ridge guide being functional in use to align the external vaginal orifice around the user's urethral orifice;
(i) said left and right contour regions converging at the orifice, forming a labial contour region which is shaped to surround the labium minus area of the genital region;
(j) said contour regions being shaped so that in use they conform to the lower vaginal orifice and frenulum of the user;
(k) said flexible member being constructed and so arranged that passed urine is not stored therein, but passes therethrough for external collection by a suitable receptacle or a disposal device.
2. A urinary-guide unit device as described in claim 1, further comprising a loop extention of the public contour region for securing to a holding or attachment hook.
3. A urinary-guide unit device as described in claim 1, wherein said unit device is secured in position by an undergarment, comprising in combination:
(a) supporting panels for securing said unit device into position;
(b) means providing a crotch opening therein for passage of said flexible member of the unit device so that the user can urinate therethrough, without securing the unit device with the user's hand.
4. In combination with a unit device and undergarment as described in claim 3, wherein said undergarment further includes a storage sleeve for storing the flexible member when not in use, said sleeve being substantially rectangular in shape.
5. An undergarment as described in claim 4, wherein said undergarment is a unitary panty undergarment elastomerically secured to the waist of the wearer and having a frontal appendage through which said flexible member angularly protrudes.
6. A urinary-guide unit device as described in claim 1, wherein said unit device is constructed and arranged to be secured to a collection receptacle, as desired; such for example as one containing a ridge-and-slot zipper.
7. A urinary-guide unit device as described in claim 1 wherein said member has a base region thereof adjustable for use or storage of the unit device, said adjustability being derived by a gradual thinning of the material beginning at said base region and continuing until sufficient thinness is achieved to allow said flexible member to move easily.
8. A urinary-guide unit device as described in claim 1, wherein said unit is removably secured to a collection receptacle by a squeeze-lock seal.
9. A urinary-guide unit device as described in claim 1, wherein the member of said unit device has a dish-shaped head for securing to a receptacle.
10. A urinary-guide unit device as described in claim 1, wherein the member of said unit device is externally threaded for securing to an internally threaded receptacle.
11. A urinary-guide unit device as described in claim 1, wherein the member of said unit device is internally threaded for securing onto an externally threaded receptacle.
12. A urinary-guide unit device as described in claim 1 which is attached to a receptacle to form a one-piece device, fracturable at the joint between them.
In our active society, many vocational and avocational activities require the participant to engage in the activity for extended time periods, thus not permitting an individual the opportunity to urinate when the need arises. Males have used various receptacles for this purpose, but females, because of the anatomy of their genital region, have been unable to use these devices, and thus have experienced much inconvenience. The apparatus of this invention enables the female user to urinate into various receptacles (or outdoors) while engaged in work or recreational activities or when medical need requires, and the invention provides a convenient garment attachment for wearing with a contoured, urinary-guide unit of the invention which is shaped so as to conform to the contours of the female genital anatomy.
This invention also allows the female the freedom to urinate while in a standing or other nonsitting position. This is particularly relevant in today's society where many public restrooms are unsanitary and women fear acquiring a communicable disease from using these facilities. Women can easily use the one-piece, urinary-guide unit of the invention which is shaped so as to conform to the contours of the female genital anatomy, securing it in place for use either with their hands or by means of the specially constructed garments.
More particularly, this invention relates to an apparatus utilized by females to urinate, and consists of a flexible, molded, one-piece, urinary-guide unit which is shaped so as to conform to the contours of the female genital anatomy, where it is positioned to direct the flow of urine through a flexible member. The apparatus can be worn when stored in an undergarment designed to secure the unit to the user, with the flexible member portion held in position against the body when the device is not in use. The specially constructed shape of the unit prevents infection to the vagina caused by bacterial growth resulting from urine leakage from the urethra, and prevents urine from splashing on the user or her clothes during urination.
Various techniques and devices have been employed to enable a female to urinate in a nonsitting position. Some of these methods require a woman to wear an absorbent pad, similar to feminine napkins. Other techniques are invasionary in nature, requiring the insertion of the device into the urethra. Yet other apparatuses involve the use of an intricate device to control the stream of urine for collection or for disposal in a urinal or toilet. They are:
______________________________________U.S. Pat. No. Inventor______________________________________2,467,585 Bernard Cohen2,522,008 Beatrice Wohlman2,522,009 Beatrice Wohlman2,852,780 George Gold3,224,448 George L. Diebold3,398,739 Nicholas A. Marino3,864,759 Akira Horiuchi4,023,216 Laurie Rhea Li4,270,539 Michaud (NASA)4,528,703 Richard J. Kraus4,608,046 Keivan Towfigh______________________________________
Urinary aid devices that work in conjunction with panty-type and belt-type garments are known in the prior art. The Michaud (NASA) patent discloses a collection device for females which provides a garment for supporting such a device. However, the shape of the urine collection device does not precisely conform to the contours of the genital region of the user, and the rigid structure of the collection device does not entirely prevent leakage. Also, the panty-type garment does not have an exact means of supporting the rigid structure of the collection device.
U.S. patents to Hall and Einhorn disclose urinary devices to be used with belt-type garments. The drainage devices of these patents are not entirely shaped so as to fit the specific contours of the female genital region, and, thus, the belt-type garments do not altogether properly support the drainage devices disclosed.
The above referenced patents disclose urinating devices and devices with garments of various sorts and of various manufacturers, and the like, as well as the methods of their construction; but none of them whether taken singly or in combination, discloses the specific details or combination of the invention in such a way as to bear upon the claims of the present invention.
No prior art has been located which describes the combined features of the urinary-guide apparatus of the invention. None of these prior devices or methods employs the combination of components of the present invention, namely, a noninvasive, one-piece, molded-guide unit made of flexible, semirigid material, which can be cleaned and reused, or of a molded papar or paper-like material intended for disposal after one use, which contours to the female anatomy, and which may be secured and stored in specially constructed garments.
One object and advantage of this invention is to provide the female with an easily useable device for urinating in a non-sitting position.
Another object is to provide a novel construction for a device contoured to the female anatomy so as to prevent leakage, which leaves stains on clothing and may cause disease.
Another object of the invention is to provide a reusable device which can be secured and stored in specially constructed garments or stored on a hook.
Another object of the invention is to provide the female with a convenient means to urinate into male-urine receptacles or other specially designed receptacles of the invention, or outdoors.
Another object of the invention is to provide a garment which can be aesthetically worn, yet effective in securing the associated urine-guide unit or storing it when not in use.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method by which the female can effectively utilize the apparatus of the invention without difficult procedures.
These objects, together with other objects and advantages of the invention, reside in the details of the construction and the operation thereof, as is more fully hereinafter described and claimed. References are made to drawings forming a part thereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the invention manually secured in place by the user.
FIG. 1a is an exploded view of the invention contoured to the anatomy of the genital region of the user.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the surface of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the invention, showing the unit secured by a panty undergarment.
FIG. 5 is a front view of a strapped undergarment used to secure the invention.
FIG. 6a shows one embodiment of the invention wherein the unit is manufactured as a one-piece, disposable unit and snapped apart (FIG. 6b) after the specimen has been collected.
FIGS. 6c and 6d show another embodiment of the invention wherein the receptacle can be sealed by employment of a ridge-and-slot type zipper.
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the invention wherein the member and receptacle are sealed by employment of a squeeze-lock type seal.
FIG. 8 shows another embodiment wherein the flexible member has a dish-shaped head.
FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment wherein the member is threaded externally and the receptacle is threaded internally.
FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the invention wherein the member is threaded internally and the receptacle is threaded externally.
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows the one-piece, contoured, urinary-guide unit 10 of the invention which is shaped so as to conform to the contours of the female genical region and is secured to the female user by the user's hand. FIG. 1a shows the invention as it contours to the user's genital region.
FIGS. 2-3 show the general cup-shaped inside surface 11 and unit 10 which is shaped to the contours of the female genital anatomy. Although various sizes are contemplated, such as for infants and preteenage girls, the surface 11 of the unit 10 has a single enlarged opening therein called a urethral orifice 12 by which urine passes from the user's external urethral orifice into flexible member 30 for collection or disposal. As will be seen the walls of the inside surface 11 surrounding the orifice 12 are downwardly dished to encourage the passage of the fluid toward the orifice. Orifice 12 is secured to the area of the user's urethral orifice in such an alignment that urine does not pass beyond the edges of orifice 12 into the vagina or onto the user or her clothes.
This alignment is due to the other contour features of the inside surface 11. Vaginal cover 14 will be seen to comprise an elongated rearwardly projecting protuberance directly beneath orifice 12, at a distance generally equal to the distance between the external urethral orifice and the vaginal opening or orifice of the user. The vaginal cover 14 positioned against the vaginal opening forms a seal around the cover 14 once it is situated and properly occludes the vaginal orifice to prevent urine contamination of the vaginal opening. The base of vaginal cover 14 forms the anterior edge of vaginal ridge guide 16. Guide 16 is a vertical elevation which is shaped to the contours of a female's lower vaginal orifice and frenulum of the user. It slopes at a gradual decline and adjoins both the left and right groin contour regions 18. Said regions 18 are shaped so that they will conform to the respective contours of the user's labium majus. The labium majus is a thick body of tissue that provides a means of support for unit 10. Left and right regions 18 converge at orifice 12; surrounding orifice 12 is the labial contour region 22 which is a depression in the inside surface 11 to conform with the anatomy of the labium minus. The left and right regions of the labium minus comfortably rest on the depressed areas of the labial contour region 22 when unit 10 is in use. The bottom of the unit, which is shaped to the contours of the perineum region of the external genital organs of the female to support unit 10, is called the base contour region 20, and the top of the unit, the pubic contour region 24, is shaped to conform to the contours of the user's public bone.
FIG. 3 shows a side view of the outside surface 13 of unit 10, showing the flexible member 30, which, in one embodiment, is approximately 4 inches long and 3/4 to 1 inch in diameter. Like the other regions of the unit, it is constructed of a flexible, material composed of rubber, plastic, or similar synthetic material. This material may conduct heat in such a manner as to be comfortable to the touch when worn and could be of a hypoallergenic or similarly nonirritating nature. Flexible member 30 is easily bent into its desired position, either for use or storage. This is characterized by a gradual thinning or decrease in the thickness of the material beginning at the base region 28 and continuing until the material attains sufficient thinness to allow flexible member 30 to move easily.
FIG. 4 shows a panty undergarment 32 which has two supporting panels 36 made of Lycra* or other elastic materials which secure the unit 10 in position during use. Unit 10 is secured to the user's pelvic region, and flexible member 30 is secured in place in crotch opening 37 by supporting panels 36.
FIG. 5 shows a belted undergarment 34 with similar securing means for unit 10. It also has supporting panels 36 and crotch opening 37. It is also constructed of a flexible material. Both garments 32 and 34 contain a storage sleeve 38 wherein flexible member 30 is inserted when unit 10 is not being used to urinate. Storage sleeve 38 has inner and outer panels secured together to form a pocket 35. At the base of the pocket 35, immediately above crotch opening 37, is the opening 39 of the pocket 35. Flexible member 30 of unit 10 is inserted into sleeve 38 by adjusting it to the appropriate angle for fitting into sleeve 38.
The user can wear garments 32 and 34 underneath clothing and hold unit 10 in a stored position in sleeve 38 for necessary lengths of time. This may be particularly useful if the female is engaging in driving a vehicle or piloting a small airplane over long distances, or any vocation (or avocation) that puts the user out of touch with bathroom facilities. Because of the portability of the toilet device, it will also be useful in travel, particularly in underdeveloped countries where, very often, the facilities are insufficiently clean or are uncomfortable.
As shown in FIG. 2, the unit can also be equipped with a loop 26 to be used to secure the unit 10 to a hook or other structure used for hanging articles. In its reuseable form, unit 10 can be easily cleaned and hung by loop 26 until the next use.
In another embodiment, the invention is made of paper, a paper-like substance, or similar material which may be disposed of after use.
In operation, the user would secure unit 10 to the pelvic region. The vaginal cover 14 is pressed against the vaginal opening and ridge guide 16 rests against the midline of the lower vagina. Regions 18, 20, 22 and 24 are aligned into their respective positions so that orifice 12 encloses the user's urethral orifice. Member 30 is then adjusted to its desired position and the user either urinates into a urinal, other receptacle, or outdoors as discussed herein. The garments 32 and 34 can be used to secure unit 10 in proper position for use and sleeve 38 thereof can be used to store member 30 while unit 10 is being worn.
Unit 10 can also be utilized with standard, male-type, collection receptacles used to collect urine. It can also be fabricated, as shown in FIG. 6a, as a one-piece, disposable device, consisting of unit 10 attached to a collection receptacle 40. Alternatively, unit 10 and receptacle 40 can be manufactured separately, then joined and packaged as a one-piece unit that can be snapped apart, as shown in FIG. 6b, affer a specimen has been collected. Then, the receptacle only can be sealed by means of the ridge-in-slot type zipper, located at the top of the receptacle. As shown in FIG. 6c, the receptacle 40 has a ridge 42a on one half of the inner surface (near the top) and a slot 42b on the other half. After the specimen has been collected and the receptacle snapped apart from the member 30, the receptacle may be sealed by pressing the ridge 42a of the receptacle 40 into its corresponding slot 42b. When sealed, the top edges of the receptacle are no longer round, but flat like the zip-locking bags.
Similarly, FIG. 7 shows a construction of the anterior surface of flexible member 30 wherein a protuberance 43 on member 30 secures to the walls of receptacle 40, which also can be of flexible material. By compressing the walls of receptacle 40, the anterior end of flexible member 30 is released from receptacle 40 to insert member 30. Its anterior end is compressed for insertion into receptacle 40, and, once the member 30 is firmly in place, the compression is ceased, causing squeeze-lock seal 44.
FIG. 8 shows a dish-shaped head 46 on member 30 to be used to form a seal around the opening of receptacle 40.
FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment in which member 30 is threaded externally 48a and rotated spirally into the internal corresponding threads 48b in receptacle 40.
FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which member 30 is threaded internally 49a and rotated spirally onto the external corresponding threads 49b or receptacle 40.
In the above embodiments of FIGS. 8, 9, and 10, the receptacle can be sealed by caps, foil, paper, etc.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Furthermore, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications, and equivalents which may be resorted to, fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
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text: |Have you ever found yourself giving in too often, yelling too much, or making excuses for your child's behavior? Here's how to establish order and harmony in your home and avoid power struggles. The key, says author Bob Barnes, is to have a family plan of shared responsibilities and consequences so that your children know w hat is expected of them. Read, and learn how to create a plan and how to respond when your child fails to meet the plan-when he or she lies, argues with siblings, fails at a t ask, or faces peer pressure. Barnes show you how to discipline your children with consistency and love without feeling guilty or causing anger or resentment. Who's In Charge Here? will help you establish a pattern of positive behavior and self-control that will get your home back in order and avoid disaster. By arming yourself with this book you can win each "battle" without losing the "war." Type: Paperback () Category: Books > Family Concerns ISBN / UPC: 9780310217435/0310217431 Publish Date: 8/1/1997 Item No: 26076 Vendor: Zondervan


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WITN Week In Review
Posted: 06/13/2014 - WITN takes a quick look back at some of the top stories from the past week.
Posted: 06/13/2014 - WITN takes a quick look back at some of the top stories from the past week.
Updated: 06/13/2014 - Pitt Community College Allied Health Students are learning what it looks, sounds and feels like to live with Dementia.
Posted: 06/13/2014 - Matt Lauer is sticking with NBC's "Today" show for a few more years.
Posted: 06/13/2014 - The owner of a vacant luxury house teetering on a crumbling 75-foot cliff over a Central Texas lake has decided to burn the house and clear the lot of the debris.
Updated: 06/12/2014 - Losing a limb is never easy, but one man has tossed his crutches aside to become an athlete and inspiration for others.
Posted: 06/12/2014 - The state Senate has stripped Republican Governor Pat McCrory of the power to appoint all the members of a three-member commission that makes the final decision on unemployment insurance benefits for North Carolinians.
Posted: 06/12/2014 - A new survey from the Pew Research Center finds that Americans are more divided by ideology and partisanship than at any point in the last 20 years.
Updated: 06/12/2014 - Two of six brothers accused of engaging in a horrific sexual abuse case in our state are expected to be formally charged Thursday.
Posted: 06/11/2014 - A Waffle House waitress has received a $1,000 Mother's Day tip directly from her customer after the restaurant refused to give it to her because it was left on a credit card.
Updated: 06/13/2014 - Thursday night, Greenville City Council approved the city's budget for the upcoming fiscal year. The budget includes a two-cent increase on every $100 of property.
Posted: 06/10/2014 - A new federal report says sex crimes reported at American colleges and universities went up in the last decade even as overall campus crime decreased.
Updated: 06/10/2014 - Hillary Rodham Clinton says her family was "dead broke" after her husband Bill's presidency.
Posted: 06/09/2014 - Cape Lookout National Seashore is offering eight moonrise climbing tours of the lighthouse this summer.
Posted: 06/09/2014 - Disturbing video shows bus aide James Lambert hitting an autistic boy, threatening him with a fist, and then slapping him again.
Posted: 06/13/2014 - Legislation has moved quickly through the House seeking to clarify a judicial rule cited by the U.S. Supreme Court this week in blocking people from suing for damages over contaminated water.
Updated: 06/13/2014 - "Inspiration" remains in the lead as some 50 boats went out in the Atlantic, searching for that big fish.
Posted: 06/06/2014 - WITN takes a quick look back at some of the top stories from the past week.
Posted: 06/06/2014 - President Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin met briefly Friday while attending D-Day anniversary events in Normandy.
Posted: 06/06/2014 - It's a touching reunion as a Marine adopts the dog that served beside him four years ago in Afghanistan.
Posted: 06/05/2014 - Many of the 8 million people who signed up for coverage under President Barack Obama's health care now have an asterisk next to their names.
Posted: 06/05/2014 - Lovingly known in social media as the "homeless valedictorian," Griffin Furlong graduated Wednesday. He shared his past and his dreams during his inspirational valedictorian speech.
Updated: 06/05/2014 - One Florida family is tired of receiving citations and they want the whole city to know how they feel -- so they painted their house to look like the American flag.
Posted: 06/05/2014 - The volunteer council that works with the federal government on managing the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is scheduled to meet in Wanchese.
Posted: 06/04/2014 - By the end of the summer, a wounded Marine Veteran and his family will have keys to a brand new house here in the east, mortgage free.
Posted: 06/04/2014 - Gov. Pat McCrory has signed into law a bill that clears the way for permits to be issued for fracking in North Carolina as soon as next spring.


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Pure country faces off with easy listening at radio licence hearing
- Media & Marketing
- April 15, 2014, 01:00
At a "pure country music" versus "easy listening" showdown in a Dublin hotel, opinion was divided over the merits of Michael Bublé. A nic(...)
Sunshine FM ain't nothing but an easy listening station, claims rival
- Media & Marketing
- January 23, 2014, 00:05
How "country" is "Dublin's country mix" station Sunshine 106.8FM? Not country enough, according to the backers of the proposed Country FM, one of t(...)


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EUGENE, Ore. – Seasonally adjusted payroll employment in Oregon jumped to a record level of 1,740,800, marking the most number of workers ever employed in the state. The addition of 11,200 jobs in November means the number of working Oregonians is now 3,000 more than the prior peak reached in December of 2007. November also … Continue reading »
Oregon Adds Jobs, But Unemployment Rises
EUGENE, Ore. — Oregon's unemployment rate moved up from 6.9 percent in July to 7.2 percent in August. This was the highest unemployment rate since November 2013. The primary measure of employment in Oregon, seasonally adjusted non-farm payroll employment, increased by 2,900 jobs in August. Professional and business services added 900 jobs while manufacturing added … Continue reading »
209,000 Jobs Added in July
Optimistic Job Seekers Attend LCC Fair
EUGENE, Ore. — The new jobs report is out, and it looks like the economy is steadily getting stronger. Lane Community College held its annual Job Fair Thursday. Coordinator's say the event is put on to help students and community members meet local employers in the area, with the goal of starting a career right … Continue reading »
Eugene Company to Hire 35 New Employees
EUGENE, Ore. — A local business is looking to hire 35 new employees, and they're holding a job fair Tuesday for people interested in learning more about the company. Home Instead Senior Care provides trained and educated caregivers to aging people in need, who also want to stay in the comfort of their own homes. … Continue reading »
Oregon's Unemployment Rate Up
EUGENE, Ore. — The Oregon Employment Department says the state unemployment rate inched up to 8.1 percent in August, which is up from 8 percent in July. More 150,000 Oregonians are without work and more people are dropping out of the job market altogether. Oregon's seasonally adjusted labor force participation rate is 61.4 percent. It's … Continue reading »
Employers Looking for Seasonal Workers
EUGENE, Ore. — Mark Jackson works part-time as a sign holder for Bob's Donuts and Deli, and it's a job he says he's passionate about. "The great thing about my job is this: when it's not cold and rainy and crazy out, I get to spend three hours a day making people laugh," says Jackson. … Continue reading »
Back on His Feet
EUGENE, Ore. — Santiago Reyes is a hard man to photograph. He moves restlessly, as if his powerful energy is bigger than his body—or bigger than his wheelchair. Reyes was born in southern Mexico and came to the United States in the 1970s. He worked mostly construction jobs until one morning in 2003 when his … Continue reading »
College Students in Poverty Level
EUGENE, Ore. — Many students move into dorms or off campus housing during their college years, and it appears to be affecting Eugene's poverty rate. The poverty rate in Eugene is nearly 24 percent, according to researchers. And about 7 percent of that is college students who live off campus. The city says it's aware … Continue reading »
Benton Unemployment 2nd Lowest in State
CORVALLIS, Ore. — Recent employment statistics are out, and Benton County holds the second lowest unemployment rate in the state after Wheeler County. According to the Oregon Employment Department, Oregon State University is the largest organization in the Benton County. Economists say with a university in a small town, there's more of a need for … Continue reading »


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Grade Range: 6-12Resource Type(s): Interactives & Media, WorksheetsDuration: 14 MinutesDate Posted: 3/28/2013
In this episode of History Explorer, curators Bart Hacker and Margaret Vining discuss the roles that women have played in the military throughout history, their research, and the 2013 announcement of a policy to allow women in combat. The resource set includes a teacher guide, student worksheet, and related images.
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armed forces history, United States Army, Memorial Day, uniform, Armistice Day, weapon, war, battle, women's history, soldier, army, gun, Veterans Day, women, military, treaty, conflict, military history, equipment, US army
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To produce his stunning wrist watches, Issey Miyake collaborates with industrial and product designers who share his love for clean lines, subtle elegance, and nature-inspired motifs. Miyake's Twelve, a sleek design conceptualized by Naoto Fukasawa, forgoes numbers and other markings in favor of a 12-angled watch-face frame that indicates the hour. With three mini-dials embedded in the display, Fukasawa's Trapezoid style is somewhat busier than the Twelve, yet keeps things relatively straightforward with easy-to-read minute markings and a plain black-and-white or bright salmon. The To, designed by Tokujin Yokiosha, tells time using three shifting concentric rings; his O style captures "the shape of water" with a clear band and an off-center watch face that appears as though it is floating in a clear puddle. With these and other designs, Miyake's avant-garde timepiece collection — like his shoes, bags, perfumes, and clothing — represents the perfect balance of functionality and artistry.
Perfect-present picks for 24-hour style.
We talk so often about punching up your "look," but that leaves out an entirely different — and often untapped — sense: scent. These fragrances by brands like Versace, Givenchy, and Dolce & Gabbana will give your overall feel a new dimension, whether you knew you needed it or not.
Once in a while, we wind up with some great items that haven't found their way to a good home (read: yours). It's tragic, we know. But there's a silver lining — we've put all our stylish leftovers in one place for easy browsing (and picking). We've only got a few of each item in stock, so move fast before we run out.
This extraordinary assortment of refined vintage watches offers up the perfect combination of luxe materials and polished metals. Classic styles range from stately and elegant — like the yellow gold Chopard La Strata watch or the Cartier Panthere— to the diamond-studded Piaget Polo, the ultimate in sophistication.


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Lucky Brand Two-Tone Triple Openwork Drop Earrings
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These Lucky Brand Two-Tone Triple Openwork Drop Earrings offer lots of intricate styling for the jewelry lover in all of us! These Lucky Brand earrings are composed of silver and gold-tone mixed metals and feature an openwork design with a triple drop. Fish hook pierced wires. Approximate drop of 2.38 inches. Quantities are limited in these discount Lucky Brand designer triple drop earrings so buy yours today!
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Getting Started After explaining the business principles of planning and development ( ads and landing pages ) of a pay per click campaign, it's time to communicate with AdWords the way you want to start running ads. To better illustrate this process will be shown all the steps necessary to start from the first season. The activities to be carried out are not binding. However, the options available are many and it is necessary, especially for those who are beginners, get familiar with the interface before you can take full advantage of the benefits of AdWords. The first step is to log on adwords.google.it (using their own credentials) to enter the admin panel of your AdWords account. If no campaign yet been activated, the page that has the front should present, among others. Once inside your administration panel you need to click on the "Create your first campaign." If there are already other campaigns were launched with the procedure laid differs in some points from that you are going to present. The case will be dealt with specifically later. After clicking the button you just mentioned, it will start a sort of wizard that will allow you to set all the features of the first campaign. The steps to follow are: Choose the settings about the target customers of the campaign; Provide the content for the creation of the first announcement; Enter the keywords identified by the method described above; Choose the settings for the budget suited to the campaign launch. During the launch of the first campaign is recommended print on paper as the product planning and development. This information will continually be necessary and, to save time, it is good to have them always at hand (even when they are activated after the first campaigns). All the above points deserve to be treated specifically and in detail. The knowledge gained from the creation of the first campaign are the basic know-how thanks to which, later on, you can activate complex campaigns with AdWords. After starting the first campaign, you'll know how to trace the achievement of objectives (conversion) and how you can launch campaigns after the first.
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Photos and inscriptions from the New Rye Cemetery, maintained by the New Rye Church. The photos are the result of a project to preserve in pictures, gravestones in Epsom prior to 1940. Includes name index and listing of veterans.
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Sanborn Hill Published February 27, 2015
North Road to 107 Published January 30, 2015
New Orchard Road Published November 08, 2014
The Mountain District Published October 31, 2014
Slab City Published July 03, 2014
New Rye's Early History Published May 16, 2014
Gossville and Goboro Road Published February 23, 2014
East Street Published August 26, 2013
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Michael Rand started RandBall with hopes that he could convince the world to love jumpsuits as much as he does. So far, he's only succeeded in using the word "redacted" a lot. He welcomes suggestions, news tips, links of pure genius, and pictures of pets in Halloween costumes here, though he already knows he will regret that last part.
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Roughkat alerted us to some very exciting news the other day. First clue: He's heating up. Second clue: He's on fire! Yes, EA is reportedly bringing NBA Jam -- one of the great games of the 1990s -- back in updated form exclusively for Wii.
Things brings back not only a flood of memories and an instant urge to buy the updated game, but also a string of questions:
1) What was the best two-man team in the SNES version of the game? For our money, it was Larry Johnson and Alonzo Mourning of the Hornets.
2) What was the worst team? We never really considered that since nobody would want to play with the worst team. No offense to someone we can claim as one of us (New Ulm!), but the Bucks' team of Brad Lohaus and Blue Edwards doesn't seem to be particularly savory.
3) Looking over the old rosters on Wiki, we had no idea there were different players used for different consoles since all we ever played was the Nintendo (SNES) version. Does this blow anyone else's mind, or were you aware that Reggie Miller had three different teammates, depending on what version of the game you were playing?
4) For the image of Dan Majerle (pictured) did the game makers use a composite of Bill Clinton and Al Gore?
5) Was the team of Christian Laettner and Chuck Person (or Isaiah Rider, depending on your version) quite tantalizing for a young Minnesota fan?
6) In the updated game, assuming every player is available, what will be the best two-man team? We'd have to say it'd be fun to play with LeBron and Shaq if they gave the big fella good skills. But Steve Nash and Amare Stoudemire might be video game paradise.
7) In the updated game, assuming every player is available, what would you choose as your two-man Wolves team?
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Richard Schultz 1966 Serving Cart
Richard Schultz 1966 Serving Cart
Weights & Dimensions
|Frame Finish: White
|Top Finish: White
|Solid Wood Construction: No
|Style: Modern
|Country of Manufacture: United States
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Richard Schultz 1966 Serving Cart
About the ManufacturerRichard Schultz combines a history of modern design with the highest quality materials. The classic 1966 Collection has been in production since 1966 and remains as fresh today as the day it was designed. Along with the Petal Collection it is included in the Design Collection of the Museum of Modern Art. Richard Schultz designs all iconic classics that will withstand the test of time and look fresh and new in your garden or on your patio, in your home, for years to come. They will never go out of style. A trademark of Richard Schultz design is attention to the fine details of construction.
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OUR SKU # RZC11971966 Serving Cart is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 966-55-P-W-W