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HARRISBURG, March 26 – Perpetrating academic fraud, like what occurred over two decades involving no-show classes at the University of North Carolina, would be criminally punishable in Pennsylvania under a bill proposed by state Rep. Stephen Kinsey, D-Phila. His bill, which will be introduced into the House Judiciary Committee in the coming weeks, would legally define academic fraud as a felony. "When a college or university cheats for its students to keep scholarships or to remain competitive in an athletic arena, it is literally stealing from students and in many cases taxpayers," said Kinsey, D-Phila. "That is a crime, and it's time we treat it as such." Academic fraud is not currently punishable in criminal courts. Under the proposal, a person would be charged with a third-degree felony if he or she attempted to or helped a student obtain a credit, grade or test score by fraudulent means, or changed a score, grade or credit in exchange for goods or services. A perpetrator involving student athletes would be charged with a second-degree felony if he or she accepted goods or services for teaching a no-show class, steered a student athlete into a no-show class for the sake of athletic eligibility, attempted to or forged a grade or credit, or systematically conducted fraudulent business to ensure a student athlete's academic eligibility. UNC last year disclosed academic fraud, which is believed to have taken place Read more
PHILADELPHIA, March 10 – Following last week's death of Philadelphia police officer Robert Wilson III in the line of duty, state Rep. Vanessa Lowery Brown, D-Phila., chairwoman of the Pennsylvania Legislative Black Caucus, and the PLBC membership expressed condolences and personal sentiments to his family and friends. Wilson died Thursday evening after being shot in the head attempting to stop a robbery that began while he was inside a north Philadelphia video game store. "Police officer Robert Wilson III died while protecting his fellow Philadelphians," Brown said. "While the death of any public servant in the line of duty is a tragedy, his death is heartbreaking as he was already in the store when the robbery began. Video surveillance tapes show he protected others in the building by moving himself away from customers and clerks before confronting the two robbers, so they wouldn't be in any line of fire. "The PLBC would like to recognize the life of this brave man and salute his eight years of service as a Philadelphia police officer. We also offer condolences to his family, including 10-year-old and 1-year-old sons who have lost their father, and the entire Philadelphia police community that grieves as well." Wilson was the first Philadelphia police officer to die from a gunshot in the line of duty since August 2012, when Officer Moses Walker was shot after finishing his shift. ### Read more
HARRISBURG, March 3 – State Rep. Michelle Brownlee today voiced support for Gov. Tom Wolf's state budget proposal, unveiled this morning during a special joint session of the General Assembly. Wolf's budget seeks to restore cuts to basic education with a four-year commitment to increase funding by $2 billion, while cutting the average homeowner's property taxes by 50 percent and reducing the total tax burden on middle-class families. "Governor Wolf's plan restores focus on education, invests in families and seeks to rebuild social services cuts put forth by the Corbett administration," said Brownlee, D-Phila., who serves on the House Appropriations Committee. "We need revenues, not more cuts like those that have chopped families down at their knees. I cannot tell you how refreshing it is to hear a governor who values investment over dismantling, and I look forward to translating this proposal into legislation in coming months. "I'm excited to relate that the budget proposal restores many harsh budget cuts, including significant restorations in education and human services. Altogether, the governor is committed to investing $2 billion in Pre-K through 12 education over the next four years. His proposal also restores over three years the $84 million cut to our county-run human service programs, a change that I have advocated for since 2012. "These types of investment show a commitment to what Read more
HARRISBURG, March 3 – State Rep. Stephen Kinsey today voiced support for Gov. Tom Wolf's state budget proposal, unveiled this morning during a special joint session of the General Assembly. Wolf's budget seeks to restore cuts to basic education with a four-year commitment to increase funding by $2 billion, while cutting the average homeowner's property taxes by 50 percent and reducing the total tax burden on middle-class families. "Governor Wolf's plan is rooted in reality and acknowledges that Pennsylvania needs long-term, sustainable funding and job growth to get its affairs back on track," said Kinsey, D-Phila, who serves on the House Appropriations Committee. "We need a fresh approach to the budget – not more cuts, which have only served to devalue our education system and place our future prosperity in jeopardy. "At the same time, the proposal seeks $3.8 billion in local tax relief for homeowners, renters, individuals and businesses through property tax relief, wage-tax relief and expanded rent rebates. To me, this shows that while the governor recognizes the need for new revenue, he is balancing it with targeted cuts that help families prosper. I can get behind that, and I look forward to working his priorities into meaningful legislation. "Additionally, the governor embraces education in his budget and provides $1 billion toward restoring cuts to Pre-K through 12 and higher education, Read more
HARRISBURG, Feb. 24 – State Rep. Angel Cruz, D-Phila., thanked House members this week for their unanimous adoption of House Resolution 86 , which honored Rep. Rosita Youngblood, D-Phila., on her accomplishment of becoming the first African-American female elected to a House leadership position. "This is a tremendous honor for Representative Youngblood, and I couldn't think of a more deserving candidate," Cruz said. "Since taking office over 20 years ago, she has dedicated herself to not only improving the lives of her constituents, but also the lives of women and minorities across the state. I am positive she will continue to be a perfect example of how to use public service for the greater good of her community and all of Pennsylvania." Following her election to an 11th term in the state House, Youngblood was elected by members of the House Democratic Caucus to serve as the Democratic Caucus secretary, becoming the first African-American female to hold a leadership position in the history of the General Assembly. "There are truly no words to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude for the support from my colleagues in the House," Youngblood said. "It is overwhelmingly humbling to be recognized by my peers, colleagues and friends, and I truly appreciate each and every one of them, especially Rep. Cruz, for their kindness and support. To become the first ever African-American woman elected to a House leadership Read more
HARRISBURG, Feb. 17 – State Rep. Vanessa Lowery Brown, D-Phila., chairwoman of the Pennsylvania Legislative Black Caucus, has announced the PLBC's annual scholarship competition is open for the 2015-16 school year. "I am pleased to announce that the PLBC will again play a role in helping minority students in their pursuit of higher education," Brown said. The scholarships are available for high school seniors and first-year college students who will be enrolled in an accredited two- or four-year Pennsylvania college or university. Brown said the students applying for the scholarship must be a minority student, have a minimum grade-point average of 2.5 on a 4.0 scale, reside in the legislative district of and be sponsored by a PLBC member, and demonstrate leadership qualities. A 500-word essay on the student's academic plans and career goals also must be submitted. "Interested and qualified students should move quickly to apply," Brown said. Only the first 250 applications submitted will be considered. The PLBC plans to award at least 10 scholarships this year. Each scholarship will be $1,000. To obtain an application and more details about the program, students can visit www.pahouse.com/plbc and click on the Scholarships tab . If they have any additional questions about the PLBC Scholarship Program, applicants can contact Brown's office at (717) 772-6955. The deadline to submit an application is Thursday, April 23. Read more
HARRISBURG, Feb. 12 – Following Gov. Tom Wolf's introduction of his Education Reinvestment Act proposal, state Rep. Vanessa Lowery Brown, D-Phila., chairwoman of the Pennsylvania Legislative Black Caucus, expressed support on behalf of the PLBC members for the prospect of increased state investment in public education. Wolf outlined his Education Reinvestment Act this week which, if enacted, would establish a reasonable severance tax on natural gas produced in the state. That could provide the state with a revenue source which could be used to assist public school budgets, as well as a means to start to attack the structural budget deficit already apparent in the state's budget. "The PLBC would like to thank Governor Wolf for taking the leadership on this issue," Brown said. "He made establishing a fair and reasonable severance tax a key issue in his campaign, and he said during that campaign that revenue could be directed toward our seriously under-funded public schools. "Wolf's proposal demonstrates a change in the philosophy of educational funding for Pennsylvania. Directing money from a severance tax toward education would benefit the drillers, as well as the schools and communities. A highly educated and well-trained work force can only benefit one of the state's newest and fastest-growing industries." "The natural gas extraction process and its related industries can also provide unique business opportunities Read more
HARRISBURG, Jan. 29 – The Pennsylvania Legislative Black Caucus, under the direction of Chairwoman Rep. Vanessa Lowery Brown, D-Phila., met with the leadership of the Pennsylvania Chiefs of Police Association this week to discuss legislative priorities for the next few years. According to PCPA officials, this was the first time they have met with a collective body of legislators to discuss policies and potential legislation. "This meeting was a great way to open dialogue between law enforcement officials and the PLBC," Brown said. "Recent issues of potential excessive police force in the news have caused concern for the PLBC, as those affected have been predominantly black." Representing the PLBC, in addition to Chairwoman Brown, were Vice Chair Ed Gainey, PLBC and Democratic Caucus Secretary Rosita Youngblood and Reps. Margo Davidson, Jason Dawkins and Steven Kinsey. The PCPA was represented by Executive Director Dane Merryman, Chairman Tom King and President Bill Kelly. Among the most critical proposals discussed was the potential for police officers to wear body cameras while on the job as a way to protect both the public from excessive force as well as the police officers from unjust or unfair claims of violence. The PCPA and PLBC also discussed ways to increase the number of accredited police departments in the commonwealth. Currently, only 100 of the approximately 1,100 departments are fully accredited under current state standards. Read more
HARRISBURG, Jan. 22 – Following President Barack Obama's State of the Union address Tuesday evening, state Rep. Vanessa Lowery Brown, D-Phila., chairwoman of the Pennsylvania Legislative Black Caucus, and its membership expressed support for many of the ideas proposed by the president. "The president's plan for 2015 reflects many of the goals of the PLBC," Brown said. "The needs he addressed Tuesday mirror the needs that we have been fighting for in Pennsylvania. "It is imperative that we afford our children and young adults a solid educational base to develop careers that can provide living wages for a family. That need for quality education starts at the pre-K level and extends to an affordable college education. Two paid years at a local community college would provide a significant start toward the end of successfully pursuing and obtaining a higher education. Equally as important, it would assist in reducing the cost of our young people's student loans, while also providing them with the job skills necessary to compete in the 21 st century." State Rep. Rosita C. Youngblood, House Democratic Caucus secretary and D-Phila., said, "President Obama and Gov. Tom Wolf both laid out an agenda that focuses on putting people first. We need to have policies that raise the minimum wage, provide paid sick and maternity leave for all workers, and fund our schools so that students can get a valued education. We need to help Read more
PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 22 – State Rep. Vanessa Lowery Brown, D-Phila., chairwoman of the Pennsylvania Legislative Black Caucus, announced that the PLBC hosted its 2015 Civil Rights Achievement Awards ceremony last weekend in Philadelphia. The second annual awards ceremony was held Saturday evening during a gala at the African American Museum in Philadelphia. The 2015 honorees were: Dr. Charles Blockson, historian and author; Michael Coard, attorney and community leader; Christine Brown, social servant and community leader; the Rev. Dr. Robert P. Shine, faith leader and community activist; and Dr. Joi Spraggins, diversity expert and community leader. More than 200 people attended the gala. Special guests included Kim Crabbe, the first African-American member of the U.S. Women's National Soccer Team; Starr Robbins, Miss Black Pennsylvania USA; and Judge Arthur Louis Burnett Sr., the first African-American to hold the position of United States magistrate judge and a longstanding champion for equality and social justice. "This weekend celebration is an important reminder that many of the ideas and principles that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. endorsed 50 years ago remain strong today," Brown said. "These honorees continue to make a difference in their own communities and the larger community as well." In addition to the Saturday evening events, the PLBC hosted a Friday evening social gathering, as well as movie Read more
Documents considered on the next session day.
Posted: Tuesday, March 31, 2015
Education Bill
Insurance Bill
Professional Licensure Bill
Wednesday, April 1, 2015
Call Of Chair Appropriations - Room 140
Main Capitol
9:00 AM Agriculture And Rural Affairs - Room 140
Main Capitol
9:00 AM Gaming Oversight - Room 60
East Wing
9:30 AM Aging And Older Adult Services - Room 39
East Wing
9:30 AM Education - Room G50
Irvis Office
9:30 AM Local Government - Room 205
Ryan Office
9:30 AM Tourism And Recreational Development - Room B31
Main Capitol
10:30 AM Professional Licensure - Room B31
Main Capitol
Thursday, April 2, 2015
10:00 AM Human Services - Room 60
East Wing
Tuesday, April 7, 2015
10:00 AM Commerce - Room 205
Ryan Office
Wednesday, April 8, 2015
9:30 AM Health And Judiciary - Room 140
Main Capitol
Thursday, April 9, 2015
1:00 PM Human Services - El Consilio
141 East Hunting Park Ave.
Philadelphia, PA
Monday, April 13, 2015
10:00 AM State Government And State Government - Room G50
Irvis Office
11:00 AM Health - Room 60
East Wing
Tuesday, April 14, 2015
Call Of Chair Transportation - Room 205
Ryan Office
9:00 AM Children And Youth - Room 60
East Wing
9:00 AM Finance - CANCELLED
Wednesday, April 15, 2015
8:45 AM Local Government Commission - Hearing Room #2
North Office
9:00 AM Finance - Room 140
Main Capitol
9:15 AM Legislative Budget And Finance Committee - Hearing Room #3
North Office
Tuesday, March 31, 2015
HB 297 A415, Amendemnt Vote
HB 297 A280, Amendemnt Vote
HR 190, Resolution Vote
HB 88, Final Passage
HR 66, Resolution Vote
HR 146, Resolution Vote
HR 186, Resolution Vote
HR 180, Resolution Vote
Uncontested Calendar
Master, Roll Call
Monday, March 30, 2015
HB 33, Final Passage
HB 66, Final Passage
HB 264, Final Passage
HB 400 A396, Amendemnt Vote
HB 400 A323, Amendemnt Vote
HR 203, Resolution Vote
Uncontested Calendar, Supplemental A
A415 - Filed By Rep. Fabrizio
Friday, March 27, 2015
A396 - Filed By Rep. Snyder
Wednesday, March 4, 2015
A323 - Filed By Rep. Gergely
Monday, March 2, 2015
A297 - Filed By Rep. Davis
A280 - Filed By Rep. Fabrizio
Thursday, February 26, 2015
A259 - Filed By Rep. Pashinski
A250 - Filed By Rep. Longietti
A249 - Filed By Rep. Roebuck
A247 - Filed By Rep. Mullery
A267 - Filed By Rep. Roebuck
A255 - Filed By Rep. Longietti
A254 - Filed By Rep. Longietti
A264 - Filed By Rep. Sturla
A236 - Filed By Rep. Stephens
A201 - Filed By Rep. Longietti
Tuesday, February 24, 2015
A152 - Filed By Rep. Acosta
Monday, February 23, 2015
A86 - Filed By Rep. Longietti
A188 - Filed By Rep. Sturla
A160 - Filed By Rep. Peifer
Wednesday, February 11, 2015
A120 - Filed By Rep. Davidson
Remarks see House Journal Page
HB 297 - Evankovich
Removed From Table
HB 717 - Pickett
Re-Referred To Labor And Industry
HB 478 - Boback
Laid On The Table
HB 272 - Neuman
HB 217 - Regan
HB 72 - Readshaw
HB 34 - Grell
HR 190 - Dush
HB 88 - Day
HR 66 - C. Parker
HR 146 - Cruz
HR 186 - Sims
HR 180 - Sims
HR 77 - Toohil
HR 118 - Oberlander
HR 167 - Matzie
HR 202 - Hackett
HR 154 - Causer
HR 147 - Cruz
HR 145 - Sturla


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Grails / Groovy Development
Closed - This job posting has been filled and work has been completed.
Job Description
Hello everyone,
We are looking for an ongoing full (170h) or part-time (100h) relationship for Grails development. You should have a solid Java EE / Spring / hibernate background. Git and good js skills are required as well. It is a chat application running grails 2.2.0.
If you have more than 250h of grails development review in your history, we directly start an hourly basis. Otherwise we will start on fixed-price for the first 3 tasks.
We are excited for your application.
Other open jobs by this client
- Fixed-Price – Graphic designer für overwork an retuching


text:
I made really time consuming algorithm which produces a short string as the result. When I try to print it (via putStrLn) it appears on the screen character by character. I did understand why that happened, and I tried to force evaluation of the string before actual printing.
myPrint !str = putStrLn str
But this help very little. When I ran the program in debug I noticed that the !str forced evaluation only for the first character.
Does anyone know why is that, and how to deal with this?


text:
Megan Treacy
Megan writes for the Technology section of Treehugger. She has been covering clean technology topics since 2008, previously acting as Managing Editor of EcoGeek.org, and she also writes about positive parenting ideas at LightBulbParenting.com. She received her degree in print journalism from the University of South Carolina. She loves being amazed everyday by how technology and human innovation can protect our earth.
Latest Stories from Megan Treacy - Page 4
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Robots reveal the secrets behind how sidewinder snakes move
The snakes have the ability to conquer steep hills of sand, a feat that robots have yet to conquer, until now.
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Widescreen Wonders Film Series: The Last Emperor
Sat, Mar 23, 2013
Times: 2:00pm
Venue: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute
225 South Street, Williamstown, MA 01267Contact:
Sally Majewski
0 people saved this
The Last Emperor. (1987, 163 min.) Bernardo Bertolucci presents the opulent portrayal of the captivity of the infant emperor of China as he endures abdication and humiliation at the hands of the Communists. Winner of nine Oscars.
The Borscht Belt Comes Alive Again in Amherst
Growing up in New York's Catskills region in the 1980s and '90s, Marisa...
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Andrea Stewart-Cousins's Blog
Statement from Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins on Observing Yom Kippur
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"I would like to wish all those who will be observing Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, this evening and tomorrow an easy and meaningful fast. May you and your loved ones be signed and sealed in the Book of Life."
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AT&T considering lower-cost, capped data for iPhone, othersHoping to spur take up of smartphones at a time when subscribers are very sensitive to price, AT&T has signaled that it's willing to give these devices, including the iPhone, lower data rates in exchange for limits on usage.
The carrier's wireless chief, Ralph de la Vega, remarked this week at the Reuters Global Technology Summit that he could see AT&T setting a cap on the amount of data used in a given month in return for a lower fee. One example, though not necessarily what AT&T would use, is the company's netbook strategy: while the mini notebooks still have access to the usual 5GB monthly data plan, subscribers can pay $20 less per month if they're willing to put the cap at 200MB before overage fees kick in.
iPhones were mentioned by the executive as possibly affected by any switch in strategy but that it wasn't Apple's device alone that would prompt demand. Instead, smartphone adoption in a difficult climate was the important concern.
"Right now we continue to study what is the best thing that is available, not just from an iPhone point of view, but what you can do to stimulate additional demand," de la Vega said.
The news echoes rumors that, among other things, AT&T may offer a $20 iPhone data plan that would save customers $10 a month but put a ceiling on data access.
De la Vega ruled out simply cutting the price without restrictions on Internet use, however. AT&T recently declared itself the leader in smartphones and has steadily become more reliant on data as a source of income. The provider's goal is to make money on services, he said, and with the iPhone's price already being heavily subsidized, dropping the price would only hurt AT&T's bottom line.
Such a strategy would be unique in the United States but isn't uncharacteristic of carriers in other nations such as Belgium or Canada, where more bandwidth is used as a lure to step up to more expensive plans.
On Topic: iPhone
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- Amazon debuts new unlimited Cloud Drive plans, Beatport comes to iOS


text:
Don't listen to us listen to what Ashley has to say:
"I just recently ordered the buffalo chicken from a friend's daughter and it was amazing. My cousin raises money each year for Sheaves for Christ, which our church fundraises for and we would be highly interested in using the high quality of TJ's pizza & customer service to raise money! Please email me back or feel free to call 314.6x0.xxxx so we can find out what we need to do! Thank you so so much." Ashley B
Still looking for a "Springtime" fund raiser?
TJ's Pizza and Fund Raising Co. manufactures and supplies food products and programs to school organizations, churches and various other groups for fund raising purposes. Our philosophy has always been to provide you, our partner groups, with the very highest quality products at a fair price, allowing you the opportunity to generate maximum profits. We offer these products in the very best program in the industry helping to further ensure your success. Our slogan is "Our business is generating profits for you!" We hope, as you view our web site it will become evident that we work very hard to live up to this statement.
©Copyright 2008 TJ's Pizza Co.. All rights reserved. Site designed by TJ's Pizza Co.


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Deviant Art
Frozen tears (A Jack Frost x Reader One-shot)More Like This
It was Christmas eve, the busiest day in the pole. Yeti's were scurrying round, making sure everything was ready to go so North could leave in order to deliver the presents.
The elves, well they were just being elves.
And you, well you were in the midst of it all, trying to avoid the giant Yeti's from stampeding over you.
And most importantly, trying to avoid Jack.
You and Jack had been friends for a while, after a cold, hard snowball had smacked you right in the face.
It was a harsh meeting. But he was more shocked you could see him than the foul language pouring out of your mouth. You were a teenager; No teenager had believed for centuries.
But you were an exception.
You had grown up with the legends, So it wasn't really that unnatural.
But to the guardians, it was a big thing.
Jack took you to meet them, after North's insistence. He told you that he felt "In his belly" that a teenager, somewhere, believed. Tooth just wanted to check out your teeth, stating they were pearly white, Bu
Don't Let Me GoJack Frost X ReaderMore Like This
"Jack, wake up! It's starting!"
Lying down on the snowy ground, the winter spirit lazily obeyed the all-too familiar voice by opening his eyes, only to meet with a stunning sight.
To start off, Jack never really cared for the night sky. He doesn't care about the stars, the cosmos, the numerous galaxies and the vast universe. What mattered to him was his snow days, the other Guardians (yes, even Easter Kangaroo), his friends, his past and Man in the Moon. He didn't pay much attention to anything else. Those were his only priorities for the last 300 years.
But then he saw this spectacular view.
A meteor shower.
Normally, he wouldn't care for this either. He thought in the past that those were just falling stars and nothing more. He was used to the sight of it, even if it rarely happened.
But this time, it felt... different.
Now that he was actually paying attention, the meteor shower looked amazing. Nothing else could come to compare (except for snow, of course). He w
Happy Valentines, Jack Frost x Reader.Jack Frost x Reader; Be a snowflake and fall for meMore Like This
"What if she doesn't want to go on a date with me? W-What if she likes someone else?" Your desperate winter friend asked. He really did sound worried, this girl he was talking about just now must be really special. With a sigh, you answer him calmly. "Look, man, I doubt there anyone on Earth that wouldn't want to go on a date with you." A smile crossed his face as he flew around you. "I mean, look at this precious face!" You said while pressing your hands against his cheeks. After letting his cheeks go, you giggle, saying. "How 'bout that? You can practice with me! C'mon, ask me out on a date!" The utter shock on his face was too much to handle and you couldn't help but laugh.
After quite a minute of messing around, you two actually got serious and begin a somewhat practice. "S-So, snowflake, w-would yo-" "Wait, wait
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Search Tags: Sequestration
Don't work or we'll fire you!
The password next week at several federal agencies is this: Come to work and we fire you. Don't dare show your face on Friday or else, Senior Correspondent Mike Causey says.
Tags: Mike Causey , Federal Report , workforce , sequestration , furloughs
Uncle Sam's GPS: Are we there yet?
When you're on a vacation trip or long drive, do your kids keep asking "Are we there yet?!" Now, Senior Correspondent Mike Causey says, suppose you are Uncle Sam and you've told your 1.8 million kids they are going on a sequestration vacation. If they keep asking are we there yet, what do you tell them?
Tags: Mike Causey , Federal Report , workforce , sequestration , furloughs
Latest on sequestration and military budgets
On this week's edition of Pentagon Solutions, host Francis Rose looks at the latest information on furloughs at the Defense Department as well as the 2014 budgets for the Army and Air Force.
Tags: Pentagon Solutions , Francis Rose , Chuck Hagel , sequestration , furloughs , Katherine Hammack , Kathleen Ferguson , Army , Air Force , Budget
Where is sequestration heading?
Federal News Radio's Francis Rose and Jim McElhatton from the Federal Times join Mike Causey to talk about the impact of sequestration and what happens next.
May 15, 2013
Tags: pay and benefits , Mike Causey , Francis Rose , In Depth , Jim McElhatton , Federal Times , sequestration , furloughs , budget 2014 , Your Turn
Intelligence Community free from furloughs
In an email to employees, Director James Clapper said that he does not envision furloughs for feds that fall under the National Intelligence Program.
Tags: James Clapper , ODNI , sequestration , furloughs
Hagel makes 'difficult choice,' civilian furloughs to begin July 8
The Defense Department reduces the number of furlough days from 14 to 11. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said it's possible the number could drop further, but he offered no promises.
Tags: DoD , sequestration , workforce , furlough , Chuck Hagel , Jared Serbu , Congress
Sequestration slaps feds, punches contractors
For many federal workers, the threat of sequestration-triggered furloughs seems to be fading, at least a bit. But for some federal contractors, sequestration has meant layoffs, with perhaps more to come, Senior Correspondent Mike Causey says. So how's sequestration treating you?
Tags: acquisition , Mike Causey , sequestration , workforce , Federal Report , contractors , furloughs
DOD poised to trim furlough days, add exemptions
Tags: DoD , furloughs , sequestration , Chuck Hagel , Congress
DOD cuts furlough days, adds few exemptions
Civilian employees at the Defense Department will now face 11 days of furloughs beginning July 8. This is the second time the Pentagon has revised its furlough plan. Originally, the Pentagon called for 22 unpaid days off due to sequestration. That number was later reduced to 14. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel made the announcement today at a town hall meeting with employees in Virginia.
Tags: furloughs , Pentagon , DoD , sequestration , Chuck Hagel
DoD's military construction budget appears safe from sequestration cuts
Funding reductions in 2013 appropriations act are sufficient to protect military construction accounts from further sequestration cuts, but funds used for upkeep on existing buildings are severely impacted.
Tags: DoD , Congress , sequestration , Senate Appropriations Commitee , military construction , Robert Hale , John Conger , BRAC , Jared Serbu


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In the Gospel of John, Jesus often asks his followers: "What are you looking for?"
How might you respond? Are you looking for answers to questions of social justice, are you looking for a place where you can honestly explore your deepest questions, are you looking for a community where you can worship in song and prayer?
Most of us are spiritually hungry for something, but it's not always easy to say just what. On one occasion, Jesus' followers, not sure how to respond, simply asked: "Teacher, where are you staying?" And he said, "Come and see." John says the disciples "came and saw, and they remained with him the rest of that day."
As you browse this website about our faith community, I invite you to come and see and, if you wish, to remain a while.
Marilyn Zehr, lead pastor
You are warmly welcomed to join us for worship at 11 a.m.
Come early to enjoy Christian education for all ages at 10 a.m. (children's singing begins at 9:45 a.m.), and linger for a while after the service for coffee, tea and conversation.
The Great Borscht Battle is on! Sign up to prove your flavourful old-world cabbage soup is better than the next kitchen's, with soup to be judged and enjoyed on March 29, after church. Proceeds go to the Youth-go-to-Mennonite-World-Conference fund. Listen here if you missed the hilarious announcement about this "team event," and sign the sheet at church if you're ready to put your big-pot skills to the test!


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Visit create.airbnb.com »
Thanks for taking the time to report this user.
Your participation helps keep Airbnb a safe and trusted
community, and it doesn't go unnoticed!
I am a 26 year old who loves to try new things and see new places.
Angela has completed online and offline ID verification.
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Angela and her husband were great guests! They were a friendly adventurous couple who seemed to enjoy our home and neighborhood as much as the rest of Salem and North Shore. They were quiet and respectful and left the apt very clean when they left! Nice couple! We would welcome them back any time!!!
Angela was a fantastic guest. Her communication was clear and quick. Our place was left spotless. Were glad she and her husband had a great time and we would absolutely recommend her and her husband to other Airbnb hosts.
Angela was such a delightful guest. She brought her wonderful girlfriend and the two of them were young and vibrant and respectful. My only wish is that we had more time together :)
Her name is Amber! don't feel goofy :) Yes! We plan to come back at some point :-D
Thank you again!!
Unfortunately, I never met Angela, she and her boyfriend were very quiet and seemed to stay to themselves, I tend to let people be and if they need anything they will reach out to me. But everything went smoothly and they left the apt in good shape. I would happily recommend them as guests and they would be welcome back here anytime!
Angela and her Fiancé were great guest! My apartment looked almost like no one had been there at all.
Angela and her boyfriend were wonderful guests--they didn't leave a trace! Thoughtful, considerate, and clean. Would definitely host again.
Angela and Steven were the perfect guests, very easy to communicate with, pleasant and discreet. The left the appartment impeccably. It was a real pleasure hosting them and I would recommend them without hesitation!
Angela was a completely perfect guest... easy communication, patient and respectful. Actually, it took me a couple minutes to find any trace she had even been at the apartment-- the giveaway was that she watered my plants like a sweetheart! Totally recommended.
Angela and her partner were fun to host. They took the bikes and explored the city. They communicated well when in need and left the cottage tidy and on time. I would happily host her again.
Angela was a great guest. Friendly, clean and would have her back anytime.


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We rented this apartment from Sept 29 to Oct 3 this year and would like to come back again next year.
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Great guest! I would highly recommend to anyone hosting! Many happy memories and travels!
They were pleasant guests who came for the concerts in the nearby Golden Gate Park. No problems with them.


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A section of students of the Kadambur government high school, located in the Rishivandhiyam Assembly constituency, and their parents blocked vehicular traffic on the Thirukkoilur road on Wednesday, protesting transfer of four teachers without making any alternative arrangements.
It is learnt that through counselling, four teachers of the school were given transfer and the proceedings in this regard were initiated today.
The students and parents voiced concern over the transfers, coming at a time when the quarterly examinations are round the corner, and even without appointing teachers for the vacant posts.
They also sought better amenities and compound wall to the school. On the assurance of the officials that their demands would be met they dispersed after an hour.


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Hello,I wanted a place for our kids w/GS and their friends to be able to come and talk with each other.
Paris ( Matt and Alex are my kids w/ GS.
Paris ( Matt and Alex are my kids w/ GS.
Group Information
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- Gardner Syndrome
- Aug 30, 1999
- English
Group Settings
- This is a restricted group.
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- Listed in Yahoo Groups directory.
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John Page Classic, a new guitar brand, announces the Ashburn, its initial production model.
GW's Andy Aledort shows you how to solo like Tony Iommi, Angus Young and Jimmy Page.
Hear Eric Clapton's isolated guitar track from The Beatles' "While My Guitar Gently Weeps."
Happy New Year, everyone! Head to the Guitar World Online Store right now to save 35 percent on anything and everything!
While this was a somewhat uneventful year for new rock releases, it was bananas for interesting box sets. Record companies reached deep inside their vaults and discovered some really cool and weird things.
Despite a few nasty rumors to the contrary, the guitar is alive and well in 2014. It survived the rise of the keyboard in the Eighties and the overwhelming bass-barrage of electronic dance music of the early 21st century and, as evidenced by the 50 selections below, shows no signs of waning in relevancy.
The Christmas Classics Tab Book is available now at the Guitar World Online Store for $9.99.
Play Christmas Songs on the Guitar is your ultimate DVD guide to playing holiday songs. It teaches you eight classic holiday tunes: "Silent Night," "Oh Come All Ye Faithful," "Deck the Hall," "Jingle Bells," "The First Noel," "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing," "Jingle Bell Rock" and "Auld Lang Syne."
Christmas time is here again! So sang the Beatles on their 1967 Christmas record, one of several now-collectable flexi-discs issued annually to members of the band's official fan clubs in the UK and the US. The records, which often were mini-masterpieces in their own right (1966 and 1967 in particular), featured spoken and musical messages from all four members of the band.
The first concert I ever attended was a Scorpions show in 1984. I remember this event because, at the time, I was excited about checking out the openers, a young, up-and-coming band called Bon Jovi. Little did I know I'd also be bearing witness to what would become one of rock's biggest juggernauts.
Playing live might be the best way to hone your performance skills, but when it comes to technique, you need practice, practice, practice. If you play an electric guitar, your woodshedding sessions demand an amp that not only reveals the details and nuance of your playing but also sounds great—so great that it makes you want to practice more and become the best guitarist you can.
The Ultimate Christmas Guitar Songbook is available now a the Guitar World Online Store for $19.95.
The first truly 21st century guitar hero? A post-modern chops monster? Annie Clark, a.k.a. St. Vincent, is an enigmatic artist on many levels. As a player, her influences are all over the map. The niece of new agey jazz guitarist Tuck Andress, Clark had some of her earliest professional experiences as a roadie and, later, opening act for his duet Tuck and Patti.
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Need help in New Zealand
colokiwiOctober 13, 2008
Hello, recently moved to NZ and live in Rotorua, where we have the hardest most minerally water I've ever seen. My glass shower enclosure is rapidly becoming opaque.
We use a squeegie daily, have tried cleaners from the glass places, as well as commercial stuff available here. This is a rental house and I don't want to be penalized for a filmy shower. Any recommendations for cleaning mineral deposits off the glass?
I already tried the dryer sheet trick (using my few precious US bounce sheets) it didn't put a dent on it.
Any ideas will be tried and appreciated!


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I've had a few negative experiences with online shopping, but MJM Magic changed all of that! MJM is without a doubt the best online magic shop ever.Read More ->
I am so happy that I found this store!! Everything here is top notch including the prices, Fast shipping, and wonderful service. Thanks to all of...Read More ->


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I've recently had the pleasure of trying out a new brand of coconut oil . I've been using coconut oil a lot more in my cooking lately since I've embraced the beauty and appeal of adding healthy fats to my diet.
"Affiliate link: If you order by clicking on any of my links and have never ordered from Tropical Traditions in the past, you will receive a free book on Virgin Coconut Oil, and I will receive a discount coupon for referring you."
I love using it to grease a pan before making pancakes .
I also have added it to some of my baked goods …
And even more recipes will come, I assure you.
Especially since I have this lovely quart of coconut oil to use I see delicious healthy fats in dessert form in my future…
Disclaimer: Tropical Traditions provided me with a free sample of this product to review, and I was under no obligation to review it if I so chose. Nor was I under any obligation to write a positive review or sponsor a product giveaway in return for the free product.
The post Tropical Traditions Coconut Oil {giveaway} appeared first on Sensual Appeal .


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I am so here!! I'm 42 TTC #2 - naturally..so far. I don't know too much about what a fertility specialist does, but I have been lurking around the TTC threads and trying to familiarize myself with "all things related to fertility." How many months would you all suggest TTC naturally before you make an appt. with a fertility specialist?
Can my regular M.D. schedule a FSH test? If it's a blood test that is. I'm trying to decide if that's the first step in determining that you are actually ovulating. Heck, before coming to MDC I thought you O every month...I never knew But, it sounds like if you get a FSH # below 10 that's good and means you're probably O? Is that correct?
Oh, geez, I need help :
Oh, one more thing to Veganmama. Obviously, talk with your fertility doctor about the thought of your sister being the donor. I totally see the logic if she's willing to do it. My first doctor said (when discussing the *many* options available when it was determined that my eggs were "toast") that while it would be nice to find a younger friend, sister or family member to be the donor, it could present problems in the future. What IF that person doesn't agree with how you're raising your child? What IF a problem develops in your relationship with that person? Would that other person at *any* time say something saying that your child is theirs (not legally but biologically)? Things like that is why my doctor prefers anonymous egg donors. They have no legal right to your child and no right to an opinion. Just something to think about, that's all.
Hi Juls! My sister and I are very close even though I am 8 years older. I think the only reason she might be unwilling is what she'd have to go through to harvest the eggs. She's kind of wimpy I know she thinks I am a great mom and she's very close to my kids but she loves to go home to her quiet house, LOL. She's due any day with her first (and she says only). Anyway, I totally take your (and your doc's) point though. I'm hoping it doesn't come to that however.
My DH's cousin has IVF twin DSs and an IUI DD. The sperm for all 3 kids was donated by his brother since he is sterile due to a childhood surgery. Now one of the twins (2 years old) has cancer and is currently undergoing chemo and radiation and has had surgery. He will probably be sterile too because of all this. There is already family joking about who is going to provide sperm for him when he is grown up!
I hope you find the perfect donor,
What a fabulous group we have here, and it sure helps my mood to know that there's all this support!
Suppose I'll get my blood test results tomorrow, eager to see what it all looks like, and also find out my "basic" health (cholesterol, etc) to make sure all is OK. Last time I had it done was about 10 years ago and I got a very clean bill of health so hoping things are just as good now.
Today is the day! The Tom Petty documentary is available at Best Buy! We were going to try to go to one of the screenings here in SF but they sold out pretty quickly plus it is 4 hours long! Veganmama, how was Bruce! I saw him way back in the day, 1985 or 1986 I think...what a great show.
Have a super day everyone!


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March 30, 2015
CBS owes an apology for Big Brother faux pas
by Allison Waldman, posted Feb 18th 2008 4:19PM
This is no laughing matter. John Gilmore, executive director of Autism United, said today that CBS must apologize for an insensitive remark made on the Julie Chen-hosted reality show Big Brother during last week's episode. One of the contestants, a man named Adam, said that if he was the show's big winner, he would use the money to start a hair salon for people with developmental disabilities. Adam went on to say he wanted a beauty shop "so retards can get it together and get their hair done." When Sheila, another contestant, protested, "Don't call them that," Adam declared that, "Disabled kids. I can call them whatever I want. I work with them all day, okay?"
According to CBS's Big Brother web site, Adam is a public relations manager for an unnamed foundation. The 29-year-old is from Cherry Hill, New Jersey, but is now living in Delray Beach, Florida.
According to CBS's Big Brother web site, Adam is a public relations manager for an unnamed foundation. The 29-year-old is from Cherry Hill, New Jersey, but is now living in Delray Beach, Florida.
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Review to explore shakeup of controversy plagued department.
Young Professionals
Economic Development
The sudden closure of Future Shop electronics stores demonstrates the...
Canadian Milos Raonic clawed his way back to a 6-1, 5-7, 7-6 win over...
Harvey Weinstein is reportedly under investigation for allegedly touching a...
Nour Hossain came to Canada to pursue graduate degrees in computer science...
Generally speaking, most long-term disability policies provide that for the...
There's a reason fresh-baked sweet yeast breads are beloved. The...
The following is a letter from Derek Kerr of Dundas:
Dear Editor,
The Hamilton Tiger-Cats Football Club is an...
See what it's all about on Thursday from 6 to 8 p.m. at Billy Sherring Park
Game time 2 p.m. Sunday at Bernie Arbour Memorial Stadium
Ancaster – The Hamilton Halton Junior Golf Tour (HHJGT) members continued their season at Clublink's Heron Point Golf Links...
Home opener Saturday, Sept. 13, against Niagara Falls Canucks
The Hamilton Cardinals and Hamilton Challenger Baseball Association (HBCA) are teaming up for a day filled with baseball at...
Charity event set for July 16 at Flamborough Hills Golf and Country Club.
Halton Region Volleyball Club captured its first national championship in its seven-year program history
Event helps support RBG Green Angels program
Opening ceremonies will be held May 23 when Cardinals host Guelph Royals
Tonight, the Bisons host the Gwinnett Braves in the first game of a four-game series from Coca-Cola Field
Outfielder on IL-best 26-game on-base streak; Jonathan Diaz optioned to the Herd
Zardo was voted in 2012 the Canadian up-and-coming stock car driver of the year
Sport: Volleyball
The Golf Association of Ontario held its annual Ontario Hall of Fame induction ceremony on May 7
Game will take place after Blue Jays game Sunday at Rogers C entre


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GDP Growth in the Fourth Quarter – Third Estimate
In the third estimate of real GDP growth for the fourth quarter of 2014 the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) reported a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 2.2%, unchanged from the second estimate. The composition of growth changed marginally, but the overall performance of the economy in the fourth quarter was unchanged. Upward revisions to personal consumption expenditures (PCE), residential… Read More ›
Recent Posts
Property Taxes Make Up 40% of State and Local Tax Revenues
According to NAHB tabulations of the Census Bureau's quarterly data, property taxes constituted 39.7% of state and local tax receipts among major sources for 2014. Sales taxes had the second largest share at 27.8%, followed closely by individual income tax at 27.9%. At 4.6%, corporate income taxes held the smallest share of state and local tax receipts among major sources. Further gains are expected in… Read More ›
Effective Rate on New Home Loans Drops Below 4 Percent
Last month we reported that the contract rate on new home loans dipped below 4 percent in January, based on data released by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). In February, the rate continued to decline, from 3.92 to 3.79 percent, as did the average initial fees and charges on the loans, from 1.18 to 1.11. In both cases, the… Read More ›
Eye on the Economy: New and Existing Home Sales Increase in February
Builders signed contracts on more homes last month than any time since early 2008, according to figures released by the Census Bureau and HUD. February seasonally adjusted annual new home sales topped out at a 539,000 annual pace, up 7.8% from a healthy 500,000 rate in January. In percentage terms, sales increased the most in the Northeast (153% over the… Read More ›
Will Prices Trigger Fed Impatience?
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 0.2% in February, and was unchanged over the past 12 months. According to the latest release from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the seasonally adjusted increase in February was broad-based, including energy. The energy index increased 1.0% after seven consecutive monthly declines. The gasoline index, a component of the… Read More ›
New Home Sales Surge
Builders signed contracts on more homes in February 2015 than any time since early 2008 according to the Census Bureau and HUD. February seasonally-adjusted annual new home sales topped out at 539,000, up 7.8% from a healthy 500,000 in January. Sales increased a whopping 153% in the Northeast region but that was a make-up from an overabundance of snow in… Read More ›
Existing Sales Survive Winter
Existing home sales increased 1.2% in February, and the share of sales for first-time buyers registered its first gain since last November. The National Association of Realtors (NAR) reported February 2015 total existing home sales at a seasonally adjusted rate of 4.88 million units combined for single-family homes, townhomes, condominiums and co-ops, up from 4.82 million units in January. February… Read More ›
Working at Home: Who Claims the Home Office Deduction?
With tax preparation season well underway, it is a good time to examine the use of the home office deduction. Often cited as a "red flag" for tax audits, the home office deduction is in fact a legitimate business deduction with particular importance for certain careers and small business owners. Moreover – from the housing economics perspective – IRS data… Read More ›
Top Ten Publicly-Traded Builder Share Increased in 2014
The 2014 top ten publicly-traded builders captured a 26.4% share of new single-family home closings, up from 25.3% in 2013. The 26.4% share in 2014 is out of the 439,000 new home sales reported by the Census Bureau. However, this count represents a smaller share of the total single-family market when not-for-sale, custom home building is included. 2014 Top… Read More ›
Veterans in the Construction Industry
Access to labor remains a persistent challenge for home builders and remodelers. Unfilled job openings in the construction sector has moved along an upward trend over the last two and half years. However, there is one group in particular that builders have turned to for workers: military veterans. According to 2013 Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey data and NAHB analysis, approximately 666,400… Read More ›


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The haunting and awards buzzy 'Big Eyes' theme song by Lana Del Rey got a big push with an industry lunch on Wednesday in West Hollywood.Read More »
After last week's best original song Golden Globe nomination, Patti Smith is no longer such an improbable Oscar contender for her haunting "Noah" lullaby, "Mercy Is."Read More »
No big surprise here: All four Oscar-nominated songs will be performed live at the upcoming Academy Awards on March 2.Read More »
Singer-songwriter Norah Jones will perform "Everybody Needs a Best Friend" from the comedy "Ted" at the Oscars on February 24. The song is nominated for Best Original Song, and features lyrics by host Seth MacFarlane, who wrote, directed and voice-acted in "Ted."Read More »
The Academy's Board of Governors has approved the rules for the 85th Academy Awards. The most changes are in the Music, Foreign Language, Makeup and Visual Effects categories...Read More »


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Trócaire stalwart Sally O'Neill to retire in April
- Social Affairs
- March 30, 2015, 13:26
Tributes have been paid to Sally O'Neill, Trócaire's head of region for Latin America, who is to retire next month. Ms O'Neill has been at the heart o(...)
India's prime minister faces first major test with budget
- Asia-Pacific
- February 26, 2015, 15:33
India's prime minister Narendra Modi faces his first major appraisal this weekend when his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government p(...)
Amnesty International report labels 2014 'devastating' for human rights
- Social Affairs
- February 25, 2015, 01:00
Last year was "devastating" for human rights across the world and the United Nations did too little to protect them, according to Amnesty Internation(...)
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text:
Disclosed is a flexible, odor-absorbing web for use under casts or other devices used in prolonged close contact with the human body. The web comprises a sheet-like matrix comprising an open-celled or closed-celled foam, or cellulosic fibers in a binder, filled with activated carbon particles. On the surface of the matrix designed for contact with the skin is a hydrophobic fiber layer, preferably needle-punched into the carbon-containing matrix. The opposite surface of the matrix may include a hydrophilic fiber layer.
1. An odor-absorbing web for use in wrapping a portion of the body, said web comprising:
a thin, flexible sheet comprising a matrix binding together a multiplicity of activated charcoal odor-absorbing particles; and
a hydrophobic material comprising a multiplicity of hydrophobic fibers, a substantial fraction of which penetrates said matrix, affixed to a first surface of said sheet for placement in contact with a body surface.
2. The web of claim 1 further comprising a hydrophilic fibrous material affixed to a surface opposite said first surface of said sheet.
3. The web of claim 1 wherein said matrix comprises cellulosic fibers in a latex binder.
4. The web of claim 1 wherein said matrix comprises an elastomeric foam.
5. The web of claim 4 wherein said foam is an open-celled foam.
6. The web of claim 4 wherein said foam is a polyurethane foam.
7. The web of claim 3 wherein said hydrophobic fibrous material is adhered to said sheet.
8. The web of claim 4 wherein said hydrophobic fibrous material is adhered to said sheet.
9. The web of claim 3 wherein said hydrophobic fibrous material comprises a non-woven layer of close-packed hydrophobic fibers.
10. The web of claim 4 wherein said hydrophobic fibrous material comprises a non-woven layer of close-packed hydrophobic fibers.
11. The web of claim 2 wherein said hydrophilic fibrous material comprises a non-woven layer of close packed hydrophilic fibers, a substantial fraction of which penetrate said matrix.
12. The web of claim 2 wherein said hydrophilic fibrous material is adhered to said sheet.
13. A process for reducing odor beneath a device used in close proximity to the surface of the human body, said process comprising the step of applying to said body surface the web of claim 1 with said first surface facing toward said body surface prior to application of said device.
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 544,500, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,740 filed Oct. 24, 1983, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 470,606, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,461,099, filed Feb. 28, 1983.
This invention relates to an odor-absorbing wrap for use in close contact with the human body, for example, under a cast or splint. More particularly, the invention relates to a flexible, odor-absorbing composite material which wicks away and dissipates perspiration and absorbs odor-causing components emanating from the surface of the skin.
Individuals who must wear a splint or cast of plaster or other materials for a significant amount of time during healing of a fracture or in connection with other orthopedic corrective procedures perspire beneath the cast. Typically, a wrap of cotton or the like is applied beneath the cast for cushioning purposes. Over time, the cloth wrap absorbs perspiration and the odor-causing substances it contains, and the patient detects offensive odors. A similar problem may arise in connection with wraps used by athletes during exercise.
Webs of material containing activated charcoal can make an effective odor-absorbing material. An example is odorabsorbing innersoles which comprise a matrix containing activated carbon particles. To be effective, such materials must be permeable to vapors and liquids, and a large surface area of the activated carbon must be available for adsorption.
The greatest effort in designing odor-absorbing materials has apparently been concentrated in innersole technology as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,852,897, 4,062,131, 4,099,342, 4,137,110, 4,185,402, and 4,192,086. Odor-absorbing structures also have been devised for use in various clinical procedures. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,868,955 discloses a dressing for absorbing body fluid which reduces unpleasant odors because it includes an aldehyde polysaccharide. U.S. Pat. No. 4,128,686 discloses a sheetlike assembly for the management of incontinence comprising hydrophobic and hydrophilic layers which may include an antimicrobiol agent to reduce urine odor.
None of the foregoing patents deal with the peculiar problem of providing a flexible, comfortable, odor-absorbing material for use under casts and the like or for support during exercise.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a flexible composite material that wicks perspiration away from the body, absorbs odors, and is comfortable when maintained in direct contact with the skin.
These and other object and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description, from the drawing, and from the claims.
In one aspect, the invention comprises an odor-absorbing web for use in wrapping a portion of the body. The web comprises a thin, flexible sheet which serves as a matrix for binding together a multiplicity of activated charcoal, odor-absorbing particles. A hydrophobic fibrous material is affixed to a first surface of the sheet for placement in contact with the body surface. Preferably a hydrophilic fibrous material is fixed to the opposite surface.
In preferred embodiments, the matrix comprises cellulosic fibers in a latex binder or a flexible elastomeric open-celled foam, e.g., polyurethane, containing dispersed activated charcoal particles. The hydrophobic fibrous material may comprise a woven or non-woven hydrophobic fibrous material adhered to the surface of the matrix but most preferably comprises a non-woven layer of close packed hydrophobic fibers, a substantial fraction of which penetrates the matrix. Such structures can be fabricated by needle-punching short fibers placed on the surface of the matrix to form a substantially continuous, soft, hydrophobic layer. The optional hydrophilic fibrous material on the surface opposite the hydrophobic fibers may likewise be adhered to the matrix, but preferably comprises a non-woven, needle-punched, close-packed layer of hydrophilic fibers.
In the preferred embodiments of the invention the hydrophobic fibers in contact with the body wick perspiration and the odor-causing substances it contains away from the skin and into the odor-absorbing matrix where the odor-causing materials are adsorbed on the activated charcoal. The presence of the hydrophilic layer on the surface of the matrix opposite the skin serves to provide additional cushioning between the cast or splint and the skin's surface. It also aides in evaporation of perspiration.
In another aspect, the invention comprises a process for reducing odors beneath a cast, splint, or other device designed for contact with the human body comprising the step of applying, preferably as a winding, the odor absorbent composite material of the invention to the area to be covered prior to installation of the device, with the hydrophobic layer in contact with the skin.
FIG. 1 illustrates a composite material comprising a first exemplary embodiment of the invention shown during various stages of its manufacture;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a composite material comprising a second exemplary embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing illustrating the use of the odor-absorbing composite material of the invention.
Like reference characters in the respective drawn Figures indicate corresponding components.
Referring to the drawing, an exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 at several stages of its manufacture. In the first stage, a flexible, foam plastic sheet 10 containing a multiplicity of activated carbon particles 6 uniformly dispersed therein is covered at surface 8 with a layer of short hydrophobic fibers 12.
Foams containing dispersed activated carbon particles suitable for use in this embodiment of the invention are available commerically from, for example, Lewcott Chemical Company, Scott Foam Company, and Advanced Absorber Company. The layer 10 can comprise an elastomeric, open-celled foam, preferably polyurethane, made by processes known to those skilled in the art. Other foams and other flexible, activated carbon-filled sheet materials also may be used. All such foamed polymeric matrices are preferably open-celled so that transport of perspiration and the like is facilitated and the exposed surface area of the activated carbon particles is optimized. However, the needling process conducted during the course of manufacture of certain embodiments of the invention as disclosed below greatly facilitates moisture transport. Accordingly closed cell foams may be used.
The hydrophobic fibers may comprise polypropylene, polyester, or other known materials. The length of the fibers depends on the overall thickness of the odor-absorbing wrap being manufactured. The fibers are preferably thin, e.g., 12-22 microns in diameter, but smaller diameter fibers may be used and tend to provide an even softer surface. Also, while in the illustration the fibers 12 are depicted as being randomly oriented, the fibers are preferably passed through a carding machine which orients them in parallel or cross-layed fashion to form a more uniform non-woven product.
The fibers are used at a density on the order of 2-10 ounces per square yard of matrix, preferably about 6 ounces per square yard. Such hydrophobic fibers are known to have the ability to wick perspiration away from the body along the axis of the fiber.
The non-woven fibers 12 and the matrix 10 are made integral during a needling process wherein the fibers are threaded into the layer 10 and locked together to form a soft top layer 14 comprising a substantially continuous non-woven layer of close-packed fibers (see FIG. 1b). By punching holes and imbedding water-transporting fibers downwardly through the odor-absorbing layer 10, the needling process makes the odor-absorbing layer 10 and the activated particles 6 it contains readily accessible to moisture and odor-causing substances from the skin. Accordingly, in the preferred needled form of the invention there is no need separately to form openings for the purposes of exposing activated carbon particle.
Flexible foam plastic carbon-filled matrices of the type described above are typically somewhat elastomeric and may be slightly stretched on application as a winding or the like to the body surface. As disclosed hereinafter, a woven hydrophobic mat may be used in place of the needled layer. However, in embodiments comprising elastomeric matrices, non-woven fibers are preferred as they tend to interfere less with the elasticity of the matrix 10.
The composite material depicted in FIG. 1b may be used as is, with layer 14 in contact with the surface of the body, but preferably is further treated as depicted in FIGS. 1c and 1d to incorporate a needled hydrophilic layer on the surface 18 of matrix 10. Thus, the hydrophilic fibers, e.g., rayon or cotton fibers 20, are randomly placed or oriented as desired on the surface 18 opposite surface 8 of matrix 10 and needle-punched as described above to produce a hydrophilic, non-woven, substantially continuous layer depicted at 24. The presence of the hydrophilic layer serves to provide increased cushioning beneath the cast or splint with which the composite material of the invention is to be used and can promote evaporation of perspiration. Thus, in use, perspiration generated at the skin surface is wicked by layer 14 of hydrophobic fibers 12 into the matrix 10 where activated charcoal particles 6 adsorb its odor-causing components. The aqueous components of the perspiration are absorbed by hydrophilic fibers 20 and transported through the matrix 10 to the space, if any, between the cast and the wrap.
Referring to FIG. 2, a second embodiment of the invention is shown. It comprises an odor-absorbing, activated carbon-filled matrix 30 of cellulosic fibers and a binder. The odor-absorbing matrix 30 must be flexible enough to conform to the skin surface to be wrapped. A preferred layer 30 for use in the invention is available commercially from Purification Products, Ltd., West Yorkshire, England, and is sold under the trade names "Odasorb" or "Garfil". This material, sold in sheet form, comprises activated carbon particles and wood pulp fibers in a latex binder. Details of the materials and construction of such odor-absorbing sheets are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,317,110, 4,099,342, and 3,852,897, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. The content of activated carbon in layer 30 is preferably at least 20 percent, and the more carbon the better provided that the layer's tear strength does not deteriorate to the point where the web is damaged during application.
Affixed to a first surface 32 of web 30 is a loosely woven hydrophobic fibrous material 34. Similarly, surface 36 of web 30 is covered with a hydrophilic woven fibrous material 38. Non-woven webs of hydrophobic fibrous material (not shown) may be substituted for the woven web.
The material may conveniently be adhered integrally with the cellulosic web 30 by means of conventional bonding techniques. Flame laminating or perferated film adhesion may be used. Flame laminating involves a thin layer of, e.g., open-celled urethane, which is passed over an open flame. The resulting tacky film is then laminated between the fibrous layer 34 and matrix 30 as it is passed through the nip of a cooled roller. The combination of heat loss and pressure results in an open-celled bond which permits transmission of liquids and vapors. Perforated film adhesion involves the use of a thermoplastic perforated film as a bonding agent. A thin sheet of, e.g., perforated polyethylene, is sandwiched between the fibrous layer 34 and matrix 30, and is then passed through the nip of a heated roller maintained at a temperature sufficient to soften the film as heat flows through the fibrous layer without adversely affecting the fibrous layer. Again, a porous bond is formed which permits transport of liquids and vapors, permitting the hydrophobic fibers to wick perspiration away from the skin and into contact with the charcoal-filled matrix. Porous films suitable for use in this process are available commercially from, for example, Ethyl Corporation and Xiro, Ltd. of Switzerland.
Similar techniques may be used to adhere the hydrophilic fibrous material.
It is also possible to employ the needle-punching process to attach a woven or non-woven hydrophilic or hydrophobic layer to the matrix. Another possible variation is to bond a porous web of hydrophobic or hydrophilic fibers to a previously formed needle-punched layer by means of one of the bonding processes set forth above or other processes.
It should be understood from the foregoing that one or both surfaces of cellulosic matrix 30 may be needle-punched as described with reference to FIG. 1, and further that one or both surfaces of matrix 10 may be covered with an adhered woven or non-woven fibrous material as described with reference to FIG. 2. In general, best odor-absorbing results are achieved if the hydophobic layer is formed by needle-punching. The needled fibers also significantly reinforce the cellulosic web 30, thereby making it more resistant to tearing. As noted above, the hydophilic layer may be eliminated entirely if the reduction in evaporation rate of perspiration can be tolerated.
While the flexible, odor-absorbing composite material of the invention may be fabricated in any sheet form, it is preferably manufactured as a roll of material, e.g., 3 to 6 inches wide. As shown in FIG. 3, a roll of such material may be wrapped about an area of the body before applying a cast, brace, or other orthopedic or prosthetic device, or for support during athletic activity, and secured by clips, tape, or other conventional means. The application of multiple layers of plaster-soaked cloth strips to form a conventional plaster cast may create a bond between the cast and the hydrophilic layer, if used. This produces a soft, inner, odor-absorbing layer integral with the cast itself.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the following claims.
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