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Lecture 8 Basic probability laws of discrete random variables Plan of the lecture: 1. Bernoulli trial. The binomial law. 1.1 Bernoulli trial 1.2 The Bernoulli Random Variable 1.3 The Binomial Random Variable 1.4 The multinomial distribution 2. The Poisson Random Variable 3. Simplest flow of events (simple arrival) 3.1 Flow of events 3.2 Arrival process 3.3 The Poisson process Lecturer: A.S. Eremenko 2 1 Bernoulli trial. The binomial law. 1.1 Bernoulli trial In the theory of probability and statistics, a Bernoulli trial is an experiment whose outcome is random and can be either of two possible outcomes, "success" and "failure". In practice it refers to a single experiment which can have one of two possible outcomes. These events can be phrased into "yes or no" questions: Did the coin land heads? Was the newborn child a girl? Were a person's eyes green? Did a mosquito die after the area was sprayed with insecticide? Did a potential customer decide to buy a product? Did a citizen vote for a specific candidate? Did an employee vote pro-union? Therefore success and failure are labels for outcomes, and should not be construed literally. Examples of Bernoulli trials include: 1. Flipping a coin. In this context, obverse ("heads") conventionally denotes success and reverse ("tails") denotes failure. A fair coin has the probability of success by definition. 2. Rolling a die, where a six is "success" and everything else a "failure". 3. In conducting a political opinion poll, choosing a voter at random to ascertain whether that voter will vote "yes" in an upcoming referendum. 1.2 The Bernoulli Random Variable Consider the toss of a biased coin, which comes up a head with probability , and a tail with probability . The Bernoulli random variable takes the two values and , depending on whether the outcome is a head or a tail: Its PMF is 3 For all its simplicity, the Bernoulli random variable is very important. In practice, it is used to model generic probabilistic situations with just two outcomes. Furthermore, by combining multiple Bernoulli random variables, one can construct more complicated random variables. Its mean, second moment, and variance are given by the following calculations: , , . 1.3 The Binomial Random Variable A biased coin is tossed times. At each toss, the coin comes up a head with probability , and a tail with probability , independently of prior tosses. Let be the number of heads in the -toss sequence. We refer to as a binomial random variable with parameters and . The PMF of consists of the binomial probabilities: , . (Note that here and elsewhere, we simplify notation and use , instead of , to denote the experimental values of integer-valued random variables.) The normalization property , specialized to the binomial random variable, is written as . Some special cases of the binomial PMF are sketched in Fig. 1. 4 Figure 1: The PMF of a binomial random variable. If , the PMF is symmetric around . Otherwise, the PMF is skewed towards if , and towards if . Its mean, and variance are , . Mode: or . Median: or . Skewness: . Kurtosis: . Figure 2: Binomial PMF and CDF The binomial distribution is of repeated use each time a trial involves superposing independent elementary trials. In the field of traffic, the Engset problem introduces it as a limiting distribution of the number of busy lines in subscriber concentrators. 5 The binomial distribution enjoys the following property, concerning the sum of several variables: THEOREM. If two discrete random variables and have binomial distributions with parameters respectively and , the variable has a binomial distribution with parameters . 1.4 The multinomial distribution This is the generalization of the binomial law. Assume that types can be distinguished in the population, so that the population has a proportion of elements of type (with naturally ). The question is: what is the probability of observing, when extracting items, of the type , etc., of type , with . The result is: . This result has numerous applications. Imagine for instance observing a network element (e.g. a concentrator) to which various sources are connected. What is the distribution of the traffic the sources generate? Individual traffic intensity, expressed in erlangs, is distributed between and . One usually defines categories, according to the type of subscriber (professional, residential, in urban area, etc.), corresponding to traffic intensities. With two categories, the binomial distribution gives the answer. For several categories (typically: less than , between and , ..., higher than ), the distribution of the number of customers among the categories is given by the multinomial law. Finally, knowing the distribution of the different customers among the categories allows dimensioning the subscriber concentrator, using the multinomial distribution. More generally, this result holds whenever a population, composed with different sub-populations, is observed. 2 The Poisson Random Variable A Poisson random variable takes nonnegative integer values. Its PMF is given by , , 6 where is a positive parameter characterizing the PMF, see Fig. 3. It is a legitimate PMF because . To get a feel for the Poisson random variable, think of a binomial random variable with very small and very large . For example, consider the number of typos in a book with a total of words, when the probability that any one word is misspelled is very small (associate a word with a coin toss which comes a head when the word is misspelled), or the number of cars involved in accidents in a city on a given day (associate a car with a coin toss which comes a head when the car has an accident). Such a random variable can be well-modeled as a Poisson random variable. More precisely, the Poisson PMF with parameter is a good approximation for a binomial PMF with parameters and , provided , is very large, and is very small, i.e., , . In this case, using the Poisson PMF may result in simpler models and calculations. For example, let and . Then the probability of successes in trials is calculated using the binomial PMF as . Using the Poisson PMF with , this probability is approximated by 7 Figure 3: The PMF of the Poisson random variable for different values of . Note that if , then the PMF is monotonically decreasing, while if , the PMF first increases and then decreases as the value of increases. The mean of the Poisson PMF can be calculated is follows: . The last equality is obtained by noting that is the normalization property for the Poisson PMF. A similar calculation shows that the variance of a Poisson random variable is also . Mode: and if is an integer. Median: . Skewness: . Kurtosis: . Figure 4: Poisson PMF and CDF THEOREM. Let and be two Poisson variables with parameters respectively and . Then, obeys a Poisson distribution with parameter . 8 3 Simplest flow of events (simple arrival) Stemming from probability theory its application to the field of telecommunications for the solving of traffic problems has given rise to a well-known discipline: teletraffic. A stochastic process is a mathematical model of a probabilistic experiment that evolves in time and generates a sequence of numerical values. For example, a stochastic process can be used to model: (a) the sequence of daily prices of a stock; (b) the sequence of scores in a football game; (c) the sequence of failure times of a machine; (d) the sequence of hourly traffic loads at a node of a communication network; (e) the sequence of radar measurements of the position of an airplane. Each numerical value in the sequence is modeled by a random variable, so a stochastic process is simply a (finite or infinite) sequence of random variables and does not represent a major conceptual departure from our basic framework. We are still dealing with a single basic experiment that involves outcomes governed by a probability law, and random variables that inherit their probabilistic properties from that law. 3.1 Flow of events Suppose that in a time line randomly arise points – moments of appearance of some homogeneous events (for example, calls on the telephone station etc). Sequence of those moments is so called flow of events. Figure 5 Figure 6: Examples of flows of events in telecommunications 9 Figure 7: The basic service station A lot of arrival processes can be described as so called Bernoulli and Poisson processes. 3.2 Arrival process To advance in the study of traffic properties, it is necessary to look at the two components on which it depends, i.e. client arrivals and their service. Arrivals of clients at the system input are observed. To describe the phenomenon, the arrival law, the first idea is to use the time interval between successive arrivals (inter-arrival time), or the number of arrivals in a given time interval. During the time , arrivals occur. The flow intensity is then expressed as a number, the arrival rate, whose intuitive definition is: . It is then also possible to estimate the average interval between arrivals, this being the inverse of the previous quantity. Figure 7 illustrates random arrivals. Consider random arrivals in the time interval from to . The interval length is . The arrival rate is a long term average of the number of arrivals per unit time. Its mathematical symbol is and its unit is , and is given by the following equation, where is the number of arrivals in the interval of length : . Figure 7 10 Figure 8: Illustration of the terminology applied for a traffic process. Notice the difference between time intervals and instants of time. We use the terms arrival and call synonymously. The inter-arrival time, respectively the inter-departure time, are the time intervals between arrivals, respectively departures. Flow of events is called the simplest flow if it has the properties of Poisson arrival. 3.3 The Poisson process The Poisson process can be viewed as a continuous-time analog of the Bernoulli process and applies to situations where there is no natural way of dividing time into discrete periods. We consider an arrival process that evolves in continuous time, in the sense that any real number is a possible arrival time. We define , and assume that this probability is the same for all intervals of the same length . We also introduce a positive parameter to be referred to as the arrival rate or intensity of the process. Definition of the Poisson Process An arrival process is called a Poisson process with rate if it has the following properties: (a) (Time-homogeneity.) The probability of arrivals is the same for all intervals of the same length . (b) (Independence.) The number of arrivals during a particular interval is independent of the history of arrivals outside this interval. (c) (Small interval probabilities.) The probabilities satisfy , 11 . Here, and are functions of that satisfy , . The first property states that arrivals are "equally likely" at all times. The arrivals during any time interval of length are statistically the same, in the sense that they obey the same probability law. To interpret the second property, consider a particular interval , of length . The unconditional probability of arrivals during that interval is . Suppose now that we are given complete or partial information on the arrivals outside this interval. Property (b) states that this information is irrelevant: the conditional probability of arrivals during remains equal to the unconditional probability . The third property is critical. The and terms are meant to be negligible in comparison to , when the interval length is very small. They can be thought of as the terms in a Taylor series expansion of . Thus, for small , the probability of a single arrival is roughly , plus a negligible term. Similarly, for small , the probability of zero arrivals is roughly . Note that the probability of two or more arrivals is , and is negligible in comparison to as gets smaller and smaller. Figure 9: Bernoulli approximation of the Poisson process Let us now start with a fixed time interval of length and partition it into periods of length , where is a very small number; see Fig. 6. The probability of more than two arrivals 12 during any period can be neglected, because of property (c) and the preceding discussion. Different periods are independent, by property (b). Furthermore, each period has one arrival with probability approximately equal to , or zero arrivals with probability approximately equal to . Therefore, the process being studied can be approximated by a Bernoulli process, with the approximation becoming more and more accurate the smaller is chosen. Thus the probability of arrivals in time , is approximately the same as the (binomial) probability of successes in independent Bernoulli trials with success probability at each trial. While keeping the length of the interval fixed, we let the period length decrease to zero. We then note that the number of periods goes to infinity, while the product remains constant and equal to . Under these circumstances, we can see that the binomial PMF converges to a Poisson PMF with parameter . We are then led to the important conclusion that , . Note that a Taylor series expansion of , yields , , consistent with property (c). Using our earlier formulas for the mean and variance of the Poisson PMF, we obtain , , where stands for the number of arrivals during a time interval of length . These formulas are hardly surprising, since we are dealing with the limit of a binomial PMF with parameters , , mean , and variance . Let us now derive the probability law for the time of the first arrival, assuming that the process starts at time zero. Note that we have if and only if there are no arrivals during the interval . Therefore, , . 13 We then differentiate the CDF of , and obtain the PDF formula , , which shows that the time until the first arrival is exponentially distributed with parameter . We summarize this discussion in the table that follows. See also Fig. 9. Random Variables Associated with the Poisson Process and their Properties The Poisson with parameter . This is the number of arrivals in a Poisson process with rate , over an interval of length . Its PMF, mean, and variance are , , , . The exponential with parameter . This is the time until the first arrival. Its PDF, mean, and variance are , , , . Figure 10: View of the Bernoulli process as the discrete-time version of the Poisson. We discretize time in small intervals and associate each interval with a Bernoulli trial whose parameter is . The table summarizes some of the basic correspondences.
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My Register
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A Princess
Junior Member
You know, every single time I try it, to juke someone this way, they always seem to know. So if you're top or bot in the bottom bushes, trying to surprise or juke someone, if you flash between the gaps but make it, do they see you visable at all? Just wondering, never works for me, but hey, I could be unlucky
I don't believe you can see the flash but you can hear it which is why it works early on when people aren't as observant. It can still work sometimes but it'll work best when there is a lot going on in say a large team fight.
I believe they can see it. The particle effect plays regardless of fog of war. And I've seen youtube videos where people playing lol see the flash effect play on parts of the map they have no vision.
Yes I believe they can see it too. It flashes in the bush itself if if they don't have vision.
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The hotel is very close to the town centre. The staff responded quickly to requests.
Lovely, modern hotel with secure parking. We didn't go into the centre of Tarbes but there was a selection of good bars and restaurants within easy walking distance. All of the staff were very friendly and helpful.
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How to season a waffle iron?
I have an old Toastmaster waffle iron that belonged to my grandfather. My mom had one just like it when I was growing up - it makes 4 waffles at once, and the plates reverse and the lids hinge open completely so the other side can be used as a griddle. The problem is, the one time I tried to use it the waffles stuck horribly (actually tore in half when I opened it), so I'm wondering what the best way to clean and season it is.
When I look at them, I can see some sort of build up, and I'm wondering if perhaps it's non-stick cooking spray - it seems like when I use that over time it leaves a residue.
I'm thinking maybe I should spray the grates with oven cleaner to completely clean them and go from there, but I would appreciate any hints or ideas you can give.
Becky, also check the Cooking forum. Seems we had a discussion similar like that some time ago. Someone may know the answer.
Here is a link that might be useful: Cooking forum
I have a KA Pro waffle maker. The instructions (probably applies to yours too) state NOT to use non-stick spray because a residue will remain over time. I use recipes with a lot of fat in it to prevent sticking. Check out the cooking forum for recipes.


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Rapid Reaction: UNC 76, NC State 65
February, 23, 2013
By Robbi Pickeral | ESPN.com
CHAPEL HILL, N.C. -- Small lineup? Doesn't mean you can't play big. North Carolina withstood a couple of rally attempts by taller NC State to avenge last month's loss to its in-state rival, avoid the Wolfpack's attempt at a regular-season sweep for the first time since 2002-03 and push its record to 3-1 since it went to a four-guard starting lineup.
A quick look at the Tar Heels' 76-65 victory at the Smith Center.
Turning point: The Tar Heels -- who led by as many as 10 points early in the second half -- trailed 55-52 with eight minutes left. They countered with an 18-2 run, which included eight points from Reggie Bullock and a 3-pointer, three-point play and two free throws from freshman point guard Marcus Paige, to take a 70-57 lead with under four minutes to go.
Player(s) of the game: Bullock finished with 22 points and tied his career high with 13 rebounds. Paige, who looked lost in UNC's defeat at State last month, had 14 points and eight assists.
Scott Wood led the Wolfpack with 19 points, and Richard Howell finished with 17 rebounds.
Number(s) to know: UNC scored 24 points off turnovers. NC State had 16. ... The Wolfpack outrebounded the Tar Heels 39-32.
Next up: NC State faces Boston College on Wednesday; UNC plays at Clemson on Thursday.
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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
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Was adding an age-barrier to the youngest same-sex kiss on TV discrimination, or a mistake?
Exclusive Lucy Hale Interview
How old were you when you had your first kiss?
The girls in kindergarten would chase us boys around trying to kiss us. I'm proud to say I was the first to stop running.
Who's your celebrity crush?
There are quite a few, but I'm definitely a big Olivia Wilde fan. From Black Donnellys to House she can do it all.


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Changes related to "Legacy of the Drow Collector's Edition (omnibus)"
From D&D Wiki
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- (diff | hist) . . Novels Published by Wizards of the Coast; 02:52 . . (+1) . . 18.104.22.168 (Talk) (→Novels Published by Wizards of the Coast)


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16th out of 16 books — 3 voters
Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read.
Start by marking "Father Melancholy's Daughter" as Want to Read:
Father Melancholy's Daughter (Margaret Bonner #1)
by Gail Godwin
The novels of Gail Godwin are contemporary classics--evocative, powerfully affecting, beautifully crafted fiction alive with endearing, unforgettable characters. Her critically acclaimed work has placed her among the ranks of Eudora Welty, Pat Conroy, and Carson McCullers, firmly establishing Godwin as a Southern literary novelist for the ages.
Father Melancholy's Daughter ...more
Father Melancholy's Daughter ...more
Paperback, 416 pages
Published March 26th 2002 by William Morrow Paperbacks
(first published 1991)
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Mothers Deserting Their Families
Books You Need To Read If You Have Cancer
36th out of 64 books — 41 voters
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Community Reviews
(showing 1-30 of 2,001)
Mar 10, 2009 Jeanette "Astute Crabbist" rated it 5 of 5 stars · review of another edition
After several days of ponderation, I'm bumpin' this up to 5 stars. There were just so many things I loved about it, in spite of the two things that almost made me give up on it. I find myself already looking forward to re-reading it down the road, just to savor the best parts.
I am not the slightest bit religious. I'm a unbeliever in the truest sense of the word. So I think it says a lot for this novel that I loved it even though it's full of religious references. There's no preachiness to it. T ...more
I am not the slightest bit religious. I'm a unbeliever in the truest sense of the word. So I think it says a lot for this novel that I loved it even though it's full of religious references. There's no preachiness to it. T ...more
Sep 01, 2013 Melody rated it 3 of 5 stars
Reading this book was so strange for me. I kept thinking it was set in England, because all of the books I've ever read with priest or vicars or what-have-you-Christian-guys were English. It was jarring every single time someone said something that made me remember we were in the States.
I like the characters well enough, it's just that nearly all of their experiences were completely outside of my own that I couldn't quite find common ground. I'm fairly certain that I'd have liked this better if ...more
I like the characters well enough, it's just that nearly all of their experiences were completely outside of my own that I couldn't quite find common ground. I'm fairly certain that I'd have liked this better if ...more
Aug 09, 2008 Phoebe Kate Foster rated it 5 of 5 stars
Arguably a candidate for one of the finest contemporary literary novels currently in print. Fascinating from the first sentence to the last, it has everything you could want in a piece of fiction -- finely nuanced and memorable characters, subtle and skillful plotting, splendid word craftsmanship, a keen sense of the importance of details, a writing style that is deeply moving without the taint of sentimentality, an unerring and empathetic portrayal of human nature and a delicate exploration int ...more
Jul 06, 2008 Jenn rated it 4 of 5 stars
A wonderful narrative story, told from the point of view of Margaret, who is the precocious and intellectual daughter of an Episcopalian minister. The story is intertwined with issues of a deeper spiritual nature, but there's nothing "preachy" about it -- just the true soul-searching of a young woman sifting through the stories of her past and the beliefs she was raised with to find her own place in the world.
This story hinges on the scene where young Margaret childishly tries to "punish" her mo ...more
This story hinges on the scene where young Margaret childishly tries to "punish" her mo ...more
Aug 22, 2009 Marvin rated it 5 of 5 stars
Shelves: religion
One of my all-time favorites. The dust jacket barely mentions the book's secondary religious theme (it was primarily about a young woman coming to terms with her identity in relationship to her parents). But the book is very rich theologically, with a fairly traditional theological outlook embedded in a novel of unquestioned credentials as high quality contemporary fiction. The human relationships, too, between the father & daughter was one of deep respect & affection. A rare book, indee ...more
Jun 14, 2009 Lauren rated it 5 of 5 stars
This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers. To view it, click here.
Aug 14, 2011 Tracy Walters rated it 4 of 5 stars
While it took me a long time to actually finish this book it was not a boring read. I enjoyed reading it when I had the time. The characters were written in such a way as it was easy to become attached to them. I loved the way that Father "Walter" Gower and Margaret Gower lived seperate lives but also lived together and knew each other so intimately and cared for each other so well. There was a lot of talk of religion and God and church but it had a purpose and it was to give reason to the way t ...more
Feb 20, 2012 Andrea added it
I read the sequel already. Funny to start reading about the child version of the character I already know as an adult. Gail Godwin reminds me of Anne Tyler in the way she creates not just characters but a whole universe that those characters inhabit. The characters in Father Melancholy's Daughter are framed by psychoanalysis and religion, so they frequently analyze themselves and others in a Christian or religious context. Very well done. Sometimes cloying for me but the good far outweighs the b ...more
Mar 31, 2010 Eileen rated it 4 of 5 stars
The inner life of a girl growing up the daughter of an Episcopal priest. The church and its rites and prayers are the comfortable background in the home of this little girl and her melancholy father. As she grows, she begins to feel different than others her age and wonders if she is normal. And so she appeals to all those, like her, who live on the margins in one way or another. By the end, I had grown quite fond of her and hated to say goodbye.
Feb 03, 2015 Penelope rated it 5 of 5 stars
This is one of my favourite books. Insightful, tender and intelligent, Gail Godwin's characters are human and fallible, and therefore loveable.
Nov 05, 2013 Wendy rated it 4 of 5 stars
Recommended to Wendy by: KBM
A lovely setting and lots of characters who are described in just enough detail. I was both sorry and relieved about the resolution of Margaret's romances; I liked that part, and her ultimate decision was interesting and thought-provoking, but hated that she ended up spending all that time with someone I really couldn't stand--I wasn't sure what I was supposed to think of her.
Feb 04, 2012 Mel rated it 5 of 5 stars · review of another edition
This book is about depression, relationships, serving others, religion, personalities, God, Jesus, selfishness, finding purpose, love, searching for answers. It is hard to describe why I liked it so much. It just feels like I needed to read it.
Feb 06, 2009 Hannah Messler rated it 5 of 5 stars
I had forgotten all about Gail Godwin until I saw this paperback on the dollar carts Tuesday night. What a little genius she is, so beautiful, so sweet.
Aug 23, 2014 H-Grace rated it 5 of 5 stars
The setting are the Virginia mountains, but it could have been set anywhere. The questions posed, whether by faith or global philosophy, are universal. More dense than Godwin's other books filled with Southern families, I find I want to look up references from this book to learn more, e.g. although I'm an Episcopalian, I found out a lot about "my church" that I didn't know. Like a previous reader said, while the setting is in a small-city parsonage outside Charlottesville, VA, there was no "prea ...more
Nov 08, 2012 Sarah Beth rated it 4 of 5 stars
"Utterly taken by surprise, I felt his fingers firmly on my elbow as he led me away. That was the way it went, wasn't it? You had to stop wanting something, or at least forget you wanted it for a minute, before it would come to you on its own."
Father Melancholy's Daughter is about an Episcopal priest's daughter growing up in Virginia in the 1970s. The tragedy of Margaret's life is that when she is a young girl, her mother leaves for a few days of vacation which gradually extends to a year away f ...more
Father Melancholy's Daughter is about an Episcopal priest's daughter growing up in Virginia in the 1970s. The tragedy of Margaret's life is that when she is a young girl, her mother leaves for a few days of vacation which gradually extends to a year away f ...more
Apr 03, 2013 Judy rated it 4 of 5 stars
Father Melancholy is Father Walter Gower, an Episcopal priest in Virginia in the 1970s, who is a victim of acute depression. The plot revolves around "Father Melancholy's" daughter, Margaret, who is growing up in a family claimed by tragedy. Margaret's mother went on a short vacation with a friend when Margaret was a young girl and the days turned into weeks, and then months without her mother's return. Finally, a year after she left, Margaret's mother is killed in a car accident and Margaret is ...more
Jan 06, 2010 Snorkle rated it 3 of 5 stars · review of another edition
Shelves: college-textbooks, adult, read-2009, review-on-blog
I read this book for my Literary Criticism class, and throughout the semester we applied different types of literary criticism to the book. I really enjoyed the beginning of the book, it was compelling and I loved the author's poetic prose that described the details of the main character. Once we were out of Margaret's childhood though, I didn't like the book nearly as much as in the beginning. I felt like something was missing and I wished that we could go back to when she was only six years ol ...more
Mar 28, 2008 Kristen rated it 3 of 5 stars
Very nicely written. Explores girl piecing together her mother's life after she leaves. Her mother dies before it is clear whether she meant to leave her depressed husband and daughter permanently. A little to sterile sensibility for my taste--characters disregard sex in the way many religious people do. Even so, I'll probably check out the other books in the series--the downplay of sex was very cleverly done and I can't help wondering if it wasn't meant to reflect the characters or whether it's ...more
Aug 11, 2012 Jenalyn C rated it 4 of 5 stars
Gail Godwin is an excellent writer and I was mesmerized as I read this book. Margaret is the daughter of a minister in Romulus, Virgina, who suffers from bouts of depression. This book may not be for everyone because of the presence of his illness. But it was a wonderful journey of self-discovery for Margaret and Godwin captured the essence of so many personalities and made them live. The relationship of father-daughter was at first glance sweet but as the reader learns more and more about their ...more
Oct 31, 2014 Edith rated it 4 of 5 stars · review of another edition
I read this ages ago back in October 2011. Don't know why I didn't get it posted. However, I do recall enjoying the book enough to read the sequel, Evensong (which I also really liked).
Jul 29, 2011 Robyn Hansen rated it 1 of 5 stars
OK. This was the second time I tried this author, and we just do not mesh. I picked up this book second hand without realizing she wrote another book that I had to abandon about a year ago. Some people seem to love her writing so I will give her the benefit of a doubt and just say that she and I have different styles. This book (like the other one) just dragged on and went back in time to discuss boring events that seemed not to have a lot of relevance to what was happening in the story. I final ...more
Mar 08, 2010 Linda rated it 3 of 5 stars
Margaret Gower relates this rather rambling, nearly plot less novel about her childhood with her parents, Rev. Walter and Ruth Gower. Enter Madlyn Farley, and old school friend of Ruth's who comes for a visit and takes Ruth with her when she leaves. Although supposedly just a "vacation" for Ruth, she never returns to her family, and is killed in an automobile accident a few years later. Margaret grows up with her father as her caregiver, and their lives and the lives of Walter's congregation mak ...more
Feb 28, 2015 Anne rated it 5 of 5 stars
I loved this book. It is beautifully written, and my lack of Christian faith did not interfere in any way with my enjoyment of the book.
Oct 21, 2013 Jodi Bowman rated it 3 of 5 stars
Story of a young girl's relationship with her father, an Episcopial priest in a small Virginia town. You meet her mother, Ruth in the beginning. She weds young and hs a child and never really has the chance to live on her own and find out who she is. She goes off on a vacation with an old school friend and nver returns. The rest of the book talks about this and how it impacts Margaret's life. I felt it was long and very detailed, bogged down with theology and Philosophy. I found myself skipping ...more
Oct 28, 2010 Amber rated it 3 of 5 stars
I am giving this one 3 stars ONLY because it took my like 6 weeks to read!!! It's long and it is dense-slow reading, but otherwise I really enjoyed it. The characters are so thoroughly developed that I easily fell in love with them and mourned for them, hated them, etc. An interesting story to read-the story of a girl whose mother left her and she was raised just by her father-an Episcopalian Rector. Kind of a stream of consciousness-she leaps around from one topic to another, but, like I said, ...more
A powerful novel that treats writing as an act of faith. See full review here: http://lattin-rawstrone.com/2014/03/2...
Jan 08, 2014 Jeanne rated it 4 of 5 stars
Young Margaret, the daughter of an Episcopalian priest, Rev. Walter Gower, struggles with her Mother's desertion and untimely death as she becomes a young woman. This is the story of girlhood, coming of age, and her duty to her father and late mother who have both laid out roles for her. This is a complex story of one's struggle to discover who one really is and understand one's parents and find one's own self identity and independence. The book is insightful and thought provoking.
Jul 05, 2012 Lily rated it 3 of 5 stars
Shelves: book-club
Troubling account of what can happen when a mother leaves, at least that is the way I viewed it at the time I read it. I'd probably think about the issues from a different perspective these 17 years later. (when I wrote this paragraph in 2011.)
A book I have recommended for those adamant about the immorality of a mother who abandons her child for what she views to be the sake of her own well being. Even across all these years, the book is troubling, but has continued to challenge me to understand ...more
A book I have recommended for those adamant about the immorality of a mother who abandons her child for what she views to be the sake of her own well being. Even across all these years, the book is troubling, but has continued to challenge me to understand ...more
Sep 28, 2008 Autumn rated it 4 of 5 stars
This is one of those four and a half star books - really, really well-done. It's about a girl who grows up with a father who is the pastor in town. Her mother has left, and her father alternates between being full of faith and riddled with depression. Through the book the daughter tries to learn the true story of why her mother left, and deals with the question of whether she's responsible to continue to help her father through his troubles. And falls in love, of course. But with the right man? ...more
Feb 13, 2014 Anne Bogel rated it 4 of 5 stars
This is a re-read. I love this book and its companion, Evensong, so much. Maybe worth bumping it up to 5 stars because it's stuck with me for so long.
Gail Kathleen Godwin is an American novelist and short story writer. She has published one non-fiction work, two collections of short stories, and eleven novels, three of which have been nominated for the National Book Award and five of which have made the New York Times Bestseller List.More about Gail Godwin...
Godwin's body of work has garnered many honors, including three National Book Award nominations, a Guggenheim Fe ...more
Godwin's body of work has garnered many honors, including three National Book Award nominations, a Guggenheim Fe ...more
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Dodgers go big and go home in streak-ending 16-1 loss to Phillies
Story | Jun 28, 2013 | 11:11 PM
Dodgers go big and go home in streak-ending 16-1 loss to Phillies
Story | Jun 28, 2013 | 11:11 PM
Clayton Kershaw, Dodgers beat Phillies, 5-0, for 10th win in a row
Story | Aug 17, 2013 | 7:10 PM
Mayberry could be making things harder on Delmon Young
Story | Apr 22, 2013
If John Mayberry Jr. keeps this up, it's going to make it harder and harder for Charlie Manuel and Ruben Amaro Jr. to dismiss him upon Delmon Young's return, which is getting closer and closer. Mayberry, a former first-round draft...
Amaro admits Young not on base as much as he'd hoped; Halladay will get all the time he needs to get things figured out
Story | Apr 9, 2013
Ruben Amaro Jr. signed Delmon Youngwith the hopes that his bat would provide what the Phillies were missing last year. And so far this year, they're missing the same things. Amaro said Young, on the disabled list recovering from microfracture...


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I am on now and no one else is on...
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This server is survival only but we need good builders and moderators I will supply some things myse...
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?VitaMC? | Towny � McMMO � PvE � Jobs � Mob Arena (476)
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lol. I like banners Dont we all? I swear, people are the most creative when it comes to banners....
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IGN: Bright_Steel Skype: Bright-Steel Sounds like a great idea! Looking forward to it!...
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Daily Bump!...
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Hi i'm one of the players of legit raids i'm advertising this server because I feel like its a good ...
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Saintdane91 said 03/01/2015/
Applied for builder position, let me know via email i sent in please....
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Uh why is the server down? ...
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Xayges said 03/01/2015/
RayJen Girls (NEW SERVER) [99% Uptime] With Dynmap!!! (0)
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rachaelt22 said 03/01/2015/
IP: 126.96.36.199:63993 RayJenGirls is a new, peaceful, WHITELISTED (Information below), fun, female, ...
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Phant said 03/01/2015/
Sounds cool, but maybe you could also make a guide. Also, if you just plunk the trainees onto a ser...
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FunkyFactions said 03/01/2015/
Hey, we are hosting a Defend The Castle raid event on our server pvp.red on Friday (the 6th) @ 7 PM...
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Update: Added Morph Mod...
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IGN: MANOFKRYPTON Do you want to be holding anything? Nope Any specific position? (Arm or leg bends)...
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I would like Example2 IGN: 0SuperSniper Text it says under me: Ultimate Archer Item: Bow With A Pul...
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Locked at the request of the OP....
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^don't need to quote but, I never got a PM that you would be late in creating your skin. I gotta te...
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Can you guys leave me a list of challenges to do in Minecraft survival?? Im getting bored of doing n...
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:lol: Im looking for lots of creative artwork! Maybe the rainbow? Maybe even Rainbow Dash Bronies an...
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Voting is delayed one week due to 3 missing entries....
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That caps-lock though. That banner though. Lol...
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My entry, hopefully not too long Going to great lengths to serve and protect Unwavering in their du...
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I'll try.But most likely fail...
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If you guys want the information, go to this link! best-island-the-month-march-free-optifine-cape-t4...


text:
Book your room at Pirayu Lodge Resort
Iguazu lodge with an outdoor pool
Situated on a river, this lodge is close to Selva Viva Theme Park, Orchid Lawns, and Space of the Americas. Regional attractions also include Three Borders Mark and Wanda Mines.
Property Features
In addition to a restaurant, Pirayu Lodge Resort features an outdoor tennis court. Other amenities include a poolside bar and a bar/lounge.
Room Amenities
In addition to cable television, guestrooms include deep soaking bathtubs, kitchens, and complimentary wireless Internet access.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to an outdoor pool, Pirayu Lodge Resort provides an outdoor tennis court, a spa tub, and a fitness center. The lodge offers a restaurant. Guests can unwind with a drink at one of the lodge's bars, which include a poolside bar and a bar/lounge. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
This Iguazu lodge also offers a children's club, tour/ticket assistance, and barbecue grills. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- Luggage storage
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Arcade/game room
- Garden
- Total number of rooms - 26
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Concierge services
- Fitness facilities
- Billiards or pool table
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Children's club
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Picnic area
- Poolside bar
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free self parking
- Tennis on site
- Outdoor tennis court
- Spa tub
- Outdoor pool
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Free WiFi
- Rainfall showerhead
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Microwave
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Shower/tub combination
- Ceiling fan
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Kitchen
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Bidet
- Deep soaking bathtub
- Television
- In-room safe
- Sofa bed
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Cable TV service
- Full-sized refrigerator/freezer
- Room service (limited hours)
- Sofa bed size
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 7 AM and 10 AM.
Pirayu Lodge Resort has a restaurant serving breakfast, lunch, dinner, and light fare.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An outdoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include an outdoor tennis court and a fitness center.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Basketball on site
- Volleyball on site
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at midnight
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-out time is 10 AM
Payment types
Pets allowed, Only dogs and cats are allowed, Maximum number of pets per room 1, Pet maximum weight in kg is 50
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No elevators
- An early check-in fee will be charged
We should mention
One child 2 years old or younger stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms. Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.


text:
Posts Tagged by chip
Poisoned Chip Workers Die, Samsung Offers Apology & Money
|June 8, 2014
|Posted by Staff under Health
Making the chips for your computer takes toxic chemicals that must be controlled if worker health is to matter.
|June 8, 2014
|Posted by Staff under Health
Making the chips for your computer takes toxic chemicals that must be controlled if worker health is to matter.
This Australian documentary, that has won praise from professionals in the field, highlights how real estate distorts the rest of the economy.
Visit the rest of our Video Collection.
How economies work – and don't
a POV that Spain's president might try. A few blocks from my room in Madrid at a book fair to promote literacy, Sr Zapatero, while giving autographs and high fives to kids, said books are very expensive and he'd see about getting the value added tax on them cut down to zero. (El Pais, June 4; see, politicians can grasp geo-logic.) But why do we raise the cost of any useful product? Why not tax useless products? Even more basic: is being better than a costly tax good enough? Our favorite replacement for any tax is no tax: instead, run government like a business and charge full market value for the permits it issues, such as everything from corporate charters to emission allowances to resource leases. These pieces of paper are immensely valuable, yet now our steward, the state, gives them away for nearly free, absolutely free in some cases. Government is sitting on its own assets and needs merely to cash in by doing what any rational entity in the economy does – negotiate the best deal. Then with this profit, rather than fund more waste, pay the stakeholders, we citizenry, a dividend. Thereby geonomics gets rid of two huge problems. It replaces taxes with full-value fees and replaces subsidies for special interests with a Citizens Dividend for people in general. Neither left nor right, this reform is what both nature lovers and liberty lovers need to promote, right now.
of interest to Dave Lakhani, President Bold Approach (Mar 8) and Matt Ozga (Jan 29): "I write for the Washington Square News, the student run newspaper out of New York University. Geonomics seems like it has great significance, especially in this area. When was geonomics developed, and by whom?" About 1982 I began. Two years later, Chilean Dr Manfred Max-Neef offered the term geonomics for Earth-friendly economics. In the mid-80s, a millionaire founded a Geonomics Institute on Middlebury College campus in Vermont re global trade. In the 1990s, CNBC cablecast a show, Geonomics, on world trade as it benefits world traders. My version of geonomics draws heavily from the American Henry George who wrote Progress & Poverty (1879) and won the mayoralty of New York but was denied his victory by Tammany Hall (1886). He in turn got lots from Brits David Ricardo, Adam Smith, and the French physiocrats of the 1700s. My version differs by focusing not on taxation but on the flow of rents for sites, resources, sinks, and government-granted privileges. Forgoing these trillions, we instead tax and subsidize, making waste cheap and sustainability expensive. To quit distorting price, replace taxes with "land dues" and replace subsidies with a Citizens Dividend. Matt: "This idea of sharing rents sounds, if not explicitly socialist, at least at odds with some capitalist values (only the strong survive & prosper, etc). Is it fair to say that geonomics has some basis in socialist theory?" A closer descriptor would be Christian. Beyond ethics into praxis, Alaska shares oil rent with residents, and they're more libertarian than socialist. While individuals provide labor and capital, no one provides land while society generates its value. Rent is not private property but public property. Sharing Rent is predistribution, sharing it before an elite or state has a chance to get and misspend it, like a public REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) paying dividends to its stakeholders – a perfectly capitalist model. What we should leave untaxed are our sales, salaries, and structures, things we do produce.
the study of the money we spend on the nature we use. When we pay that money to private owners, we reward both speculation and over-extraction. Robert Kiyosaki's bestseller, Rich Dad's Prophecy, says, "One of the reasons McDonald's is such a rich company is not because it sells a lot of burgers but because it owns the land at some of the best intersections in the world. The main reason Kim and I invest in such properties is to own the land at the corner of the intersection. (p 200) My real estate advisor states that the rich either made their money in real estate or hold their money in real estate." (p 141, via Greg Young) When government recovers the rents for natural advantages for everyone, it can save citizens millions. Ben Sevack, Montreal steel manufacturer, tells us (August 12) that Alberta, by leasing oil & gas fields, recovers enough revenue to be the only province in Canada to get by without a sales tax and to levy a flat provincial income tax. While running for re-election, provincial Premier Ralph Klein proposes to abolish their income tax and promises to eliminate medical insurance premiums and use resource revenue to pay for all medical expense for seniors. After all this planned tax-cutting and greater expense, they still expect a large budget surplus. Even places without oil and gas have high site values in their downtowns, and high values in their utility franchises. Recover the values of locations and privileges, displace the harmful taxes on sales, salaries, and structures, then use the revenue to fund basic government and pay residents a dividend, and you have geonomics in action.
a way to have everybody pulling on the same end of the rope. Last summer's expansive forest fires shed light on growing class resentment in the West. Old log-gers and ranchers rankled at the new urgency to stamp out the blazes that threatened the recent Aspenesque settlers. The newcomers expected working class firemen to make protecting their expensive homes top priority. (Chr Sci Mntr, Spt 7) The tinder for this envy? Rich people moving in bid up the price of land, making it hard to afford by people on the margin. The fault really lies with our system of privatizing land value. If this rising value were collected by land dues and shared by rent dividends – the essence of geonomic policy – who'd complain? The more people move in, the higher the land value, and the fatter the dividend paid to residents. Then people on the margin might go out of their way to invite rich outsiders in.
a way to connect the dots. Making the cyber rounds is "The Cavernous Divide" by Scott Klinger, from AlterNet (posted March 21): "As the number of billionaires in the world expands, so does the number of those in poverty." Duh. The yawning income gap is not news. Nearly every issue of our quarterly digest carries a similar quote. Yet the connection was worked out long ago by one of America's greatest thinkers, Henry George, who labeled his masterpiece, Progress and Poverty. Techno- and socio-advances always enrich few and impoverish many. Yet progress also pushes up location values – the geonomic insight (is Silicon Valley cheaper now or more expensive?). Instead of taxing income, sales, or buildings, society could collect those values of sites, resources, EM spectrum, and ecosystem services via fees and dues, which would lower the income ceiling, and instead of lavishing corporate welfare, pay out the recovered revenue via dividends, which would jack up the income floor. Dots connected.
a scientific look at how we divvy up the work and the wealth, how some of us end up with too much or too little effort or reward. That's partly due to Ricardo's Law of Rent, showing how wasteful use of Earth cuts wages. And it's partly due to how a society's elite runs government around like water boys, dishing out subsidies and tax breaks. While geonomists look political reality right in the eye, without blinking, conventional economists flinch. When Paul Volcker, ex-chief of the Federal Reserve, moved on to a cushy professorship at Princeton cum book contract, the crush of deadlines bore down. So Volcker asked a junior associate to help with the book. The guy refused, explaining that giving serious consideration to policy would ruin his academic career. The ex-Fed chief couldn't believe it and asked the department chair if truly that were the case. That head honcho pondered the question then replied no, not if he only does it once. And economics was AKA political economy!
a manual. The world did not come without a way for people to prosper, and the planet to heal and stay well; that way is geonomics. Economies are part of the ecosystem. Both generate surpluses and follow self-regulating feedback loops. A cycle like the Law of Supply and Demand is one of the economy's on/off loops. Our spending for land and resources – things that nobody made and everybody needs – constitutes our society's surplus. Those profits without production (remember, nobody produced Earth) can become our commonwealth. To share it, we could pay land dues in to the public treasury (wouldn't oil companies love that?) and get rent dividends back, a la Alaska's oil dividend. Doing so let's us axe taxes and jettison subsidies. Taxes and subsidies distort price (the DNA of exchange), violate quid pro quo by benefiting the well-connected more than anyone else, reinforce hierarchy of state over citizen, and are costly to administer (you don't really need so much bureaucracy, do you?). Conversely, land dues motivate people to not waste sites, resources, and the ecosystem while rent dividends motivate people to not waste themselves. Receiving this income supplement – a Citizens Dividend – people can invest in their favorite technology or outgrow being "economan" and shrink their overbearing workweek in order to enjoy more time with family, friends, community, and nature. Then in all that free time, maybe we could figure out just what we are here for.
a study of a phenomenon David Ricardo noted going on two centuries ago. When wine grapes rise to $10,000 a ton from the very best land (last year, cabernet sauvignon commanded an average of $4,021 a ton in the Napa Valley), then vineyard prices soar from $18,000 an acre in the 1980′s to $100,000 an acre five years ago and now for a top pedigree up to $300,000 an acre (The New York Times, April 9, via Wyn Achenbaum). Pricey land does not make wine pricey; spendy wine makes land spendy. While vintners make their wine tasty, nature and society in general – not any lone owner – make land desireable. Steve Kerch of CBS's MarketWatch (April 5) notes that much of what a home sells for on the open market is a reflection of intangible factors such as what school district the house sits in. The price the builder has to pay for the land also tends to be driven by the same intangibles. Because the value of land comes from society, and because one's use excludes the rest of society, each user owes all others compensation, and is owed compensation by everyone else. Sharing land's value, instead of taxing one's efforts, is the policy of geonomics.
a way to have everybody pulling on the same end of the rope. Last summer's expansive forest fires shed light on growing class resentment in the West. Old loggers and ranchers rankled at the new urgency to stamp out the blazes that threatened the recent Aspenesque settlers. The newcomers expected working class firemen to make protecting their expensive homes top priority. (Chr Sci Mntr, Spt 7) The tinder for this envy? Rich people moving in bid up the price of land, making it hard to afford by people on the margin. The fault really lies with our system of privatizing land value. If this rising value were collected by land dues and shared by rent dividends – the essence of geonomic policy – who'd complain? The more people move in, the higher the land value, and the fatter the dividend paid to residents. Then people on the margin might go out of their way to invite rich outsiders in.
a new policy from a new perspective. Once your worldview shifts — so that vacant city lots are no longer invisible — then epiphany. "Of course! Why didn't I see it before?" Once you do see the emptiness and what damage it does, how can you ever go back to the old paradigm?
The Progress Report
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The Banneker Center
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Baltimore, MD 21229 USA
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Never let your good get in the way of your better.
If God is just, I tremble for my country.
Commerce with all nations, alliance with none, should be our motto.
Happiness is the absence of the striving for happiness.
That government is best which governs least.
I am not a full devotee of Henry George but there is no one in the social world that I read with more intense interest.
You can observe a lot by just watching.
The reasonable man adapts himself to the world: the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man.
I never considered a difference of opinion in politics, in religion, in philosophy, as cause for withdrawing from a friend.
What is faith worth if it is not translated into action?


text:
The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho continues to change the lives of its readers forever. With more than two million copies sold around the world, The Alchemist has established itself as a modern classic, universally admired.
Paulo Coelho's masterpiece tells the magical story of Santiago, an Andalusian shepherd boy who yearns to travel in search of a worldly treasure as extravagant as any ever found.
The story of the treasures Santiago finds along the way teaches us, as only a few stories can, about the essential wisdom of listening to our hearts, learning to read the omens strewn along life's path, and, above all, following our dreams.
Amazon.com Review
What originally inspired you to write The Alchemist?
Coelho: My dream was to be a writer. I wrote my first book in 1987, The Pilgrimage, after completing my own personal pilgrimage from France to Santiago de Compostela, Spain. After that I thought, "Why did it take me so long to fulfill my dream?" So I decided to write a metaphor, and this metaphor is The Alchemist: a novel about someone who needs to fulfill his or her dream, but takes too long because he or she thinks it's impossible.
The Alchemist has sold over 150 million copies worldwide, won 115 international prizes and awards, has been translated into 80 languages, and is still on the New York Times bestseller list today, 25 years after its initial publication. What impact has this success had on your life?
Coelho: Of course The Alchemist opened a lot of doors for me. At the moment I'm answering this question, the novel is still on The New York Times bestseller list. But success did not happen overnight, so I had time to get used to it. The book was not something that exploded all of a sudden. I believe success can be a blessing, and it can also be a curse. I was older when the recognition came, so I had another level of maturity to face that change. When it happened, I remember thinking, "My God, this is a blessing. " So above all, I had to respect it. And the way to respect it is to really understand that a blessing has no explanation, but needs to be treasured and honored.
Do you closely relate to any of the characters in The Alchemist? If so, how?
Coelho: In The Alchemist, I relate myself to the Englishman - someone who is trying to understand life through books. It's quite interesting how many times we use books to understand life. I think that a book is a catalyst: it provokes a reaction. I am a compulsive reader. I read a lot, but from time to time, there are books that changed my life. Well, it's not that the book itself changed my life; it's that I was already ready to change, and needed to not feel alone. The same thing happens with the Englishman in The Alchemist.
What have you discovered about your own personal destiny in the past 25 years since writing The Alchemist?
Coelho: What I learned after writing The Alchemist, after the worldwide success, is basically that I had a dream, a Personal Legend to fulfill. To be a writer is to write. To write means new books. New books mean new challenges. Of course, I could have stopped with The Alchemist a long time ago if I was only in it for money, but I really love what I do. I can't see myself not writing. It's not always an easy task, sometimes it's very challenging, but this is what I do and this is what I like. So the journey itself is the miracle; it is the blessing. There is no point to reach. You have to travel your journey with joy, hope, and challenges in your heart.
Is there anything you would like to say to your readers and fans?
Coelho: To my readers and my fans, basically my companions, I would say that spirituality is being brave, is taking risks, is daring to do something when people are always telling you not to. My parents, for example, did not want me to be a writer, and that's why it took so long for me to fulfill my dream. But here I am, thanks to that moment after my pilgrimage from France to Spain, when I said to myself, "I can't live with a dream that I did not even try to fulfill. " Do the same thing.
The book seems a light reading book, but inside Paulo gave me as the reader a lot to think of. Mostly Paulo taught me to never stop dreaming big, not to be afraid to pursue my dream and always listen to my heart and believe with what Allah decides for me :)
jacquilynne (Canada) (2008/10/09):A very simple message told in a long, rather pointless story.
Denise (USA: IN) (2008/11/04):Just got done reading this...I absolutely loved it from the first page to the last. Great read and full of insight and inspiration:)
Rob&Nola (USA: NM) (2008/11/09):This is a great book if you are just awakening to a spiritual journey, or just stuck on one. In this regard, the book's simplicity is a major plus. Overall, a solid book if you're into this sort of thing.
Lavenderagate (USA: PA) (2014/02/20):The Alchemist's main protagonist is a young man who starts out as a shepherd. The young man is only known to the reader as "The Boy", he is never given a name. The boy wonders about a dream he has had twice in a row. He sees a gypsy to read his future and then meets a strangely dressed person claiming to be a King. He is encouraged by both to search for the treasure that is in his dreams.
There were many things in The Alchemist that come up that I am able to relate with in life. The Alchemist, although fiction, is written with much wisdom, and mysticism. The Alchemist is such a good book that the whole time I was reading it I kept thinking "After I am done I will read it again" because there is just so much in the book to grasp and understand. I have not read it a second time but it is a book I plan to keep and read again maybe once a year.
I truly find nothing wrong with the book. There is maybe things I disliked about the story like the surprising ending. Still does not ruin the greatness this book shows.
The Alchemist is a tale for those still looking for themselves and their life's treasure.