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Current Biology 20, 783–791, May 11, 2010 ª2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reservedDOI 10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.048
c-Abl, Lamellipodin, and Ena/VASP
Proteins Cooperate in Dorsal Ruffling
of Fibroblasts and Axonal Morphogenesis
Magdalene Michael,1Anne Vehlow,1Christel Navarro,1
and Matthias Krause1,*
1Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics,
King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus,
London SE1 1UL, UK
Background: Tight regulation of cell motility is essential for
many physiological processes, such as formation of a func-
tional nervous system and wound healing. Drosophila Abl
negatively regulates the actin cytoskeleton effector protein
Ena during neuronal development in flies, and it has been
postulated that this may occur through an unknown interme-
diary. Lamellipodin (Lpd) regulates cell motility and recruits
Ena/VASP proteins (Ena, Mena, VASP, EVL) to the leading
edge of cells. However, the regulation of this recruitment has
remained unsolved.
Results: Here we show that Lpd is a substrate of Abl kinases
and binds to the Abl SH2 domain. Phosphorylation of Lpd
positively regulates the interaction between Lpd and Ena/
VASP proteins. Consistently, efficient recruitment of Mena
and EVL to Lpd at the leading edge requires Abl kinases.
Furthermore, transient Lpd phosphorylation by Abl kinases
correlates with an increase in Lpd-Mena coprecipitation. Lpd
is also transiently phosphorylated by Abl kinases upon
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation, regulates
PDGF-induced dorsal ruffling of fibroblasts and axonal
morphogenesis, and cooperates with c-Abl in an Ena/VASP-
dependent manner.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Abl kinases positively
regulate Lpd-Ena/VASP interaction, Ena/VASP recruitment to
Lpd at the leading edge, and Lpd-Ena/VASP function in axonal
morphogenesis and in PDGF-induced dorsal ruffling. Our data
do not support the suggested negative regulatory role of Abl
for Ena. Instead, we propose that Lpd is the hitherto unknown
intermediary between Abl and Ena/VASP proteins.
Drosophila ena was originally identified as a suppressor of
lethality induced by mutations in d-abl, and it was postulated
that abl and ena negatively regulate each other [1, 2]. Both
the Abl tyrosine kinase family (D-Abl, vertebrate c-Abl and
Arg) and the Ena/VASP family (Ena, vertebrate Mena, VASP,
and EVL) act downstream of the netrin-1 axon guidance
receptor DCC andregulate cellmotility[3–6].Ablkinasesregu-
late platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced dorsal
ruffling of fibroblasts, but it is not known whether Lamellipodin
(Lpd) or Ena/VASP proteins function in this pathway [7].
Ena/VASP proteins play a crucial role in cell motility by
antagonizing actin filament capping. This alters the geometry
of the actin network toward longer, less-branched filaments,
thereby changing the speed and persistence of lamellipodia
[3, 5, 8]. Ena/VASP proteins are recruited to the leading edge
through interactions between their EVH1 domain and FP4
motifs within Lpd, a member of the MRL family of Ras effector
proteins, which includes C. elegans MIG-10, vertebrate RIAM
and Lpd, and Drosophila Pico [9–13]. Lpd contains a proline-
rich region harboring potential SH3-binding sites and a PH
previously that Lpd is required for lamellipodia formation and
that Lpd overexpression increases the speed of lamellipodial
protrusion in an Ena/VASP-dependent manner [9].
Lpd-dependent recruitment of Ena/VASP proteins to the
leading edge needs to be tightly regulated in order to precisely
control lamellipodia formation, but it is not known how this is
achieved. Studies in Drosophila have suggested that Abl
regulates Ena localization [14]. Yet how the localization of
Ena/VASP proteins is controlled, and whether Abl plays a
role in this process in vertebrates, remains unclear.
Here we show that phosphorylation of Lpd by c-Abl
increasesitsinteractionwithEna/VASPproteins. Consistently,
efficient recruitment of Mena and EVL to Lpd-positive lamelli-
podia requires Abl kinases. We provide evidence that Lpd and
Ena/VASP proteins regulate dorsal ruffling of fibroblasts upon
PDGF treatment and that Lpd function in this process is
Furthermore, we demonstrate that both Lpd and c-Abl
cooperate during axonal morphogenesis in an Ena/VASP-
dependent manner. Our data do not support the suggested
antagonistic roles of Abl and Ena, and we propose an alterna-
tive hypothesis that Abl kinases, via Lpd, positively regulate
Ena/VASP proteins.
Lamellipodin Is a Substrate for Abl Kinases
Tyrosine kinases play an essential role in the propagation of
signal transduction events [15]. Interestingly, phosphorylation
site prediction software (Scansite) identified a putative c-Abl
phosphorylation site in Lpd. To test this, we overexpressed
GST-Lpd (Figure 1A) or HA-Lpd (see Figure S1A available on-
line) with wild-type, dominant-active, or kinase-inactive c-Abl
and found that Lpd is phosphorylated by wild-type and domi-
nant-active, but not kinase-inactive, c-Abl. We could not
detect any tyrosine phosphorylation of the Lpd-related protein
RIAM in the presence of c-Abl (data not shown), suggesting
that the posttranscriptional modification by Abl kinase is
specific for Lpd in the vertebrate MRL family.
or dominant-active but not kinase-inactive Arg also resulted in
phosphorylation of GST-Lpd (Figure 1B), indicating that Lpd is
a substrate of all members of the c-Abl family.
To identify the c-Abl phosphorylation sites in Lpd, we tested
the ability of purified c-Abl to phosphorylate 24 immobilized
peptides harboring all tyrosine residues within the Lpd amino
acid sequence. This analysis revealed that, in vitro, four Lpd
peptides harboring tyrosines (Y426, Y456, Y513, Y1226) are
highly phosphorylated, and eight additional peptides are
phosphorylated to a lesser extent (Figure 1C).
*Correspondence: email@example.com
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Three of the tyrosine residues were verified as c-Abl phos-
phorylation sites in full-length Lpd in cells, because non-
phosphorylatable single point mutations located in the PH
domain (Y426, Y456) or at the C terminus (Y1226) each
reduced c-Abl phosphorylation of Lpd (Figures 1D and 1E;
Figure S1B). However, we observed no reduction in phos-
phorylation of Y513 just behind the PH domain in the context
of full-length Lpd (Figure S1B), indicating that Y513 might not
be accessible for c-Abl phosphorylation in the folded protein
under the condition tested. Nevertheless, mutation of all four
tyrosines (GST-Lpd4YF) further reduced Lpd phosphoryla-
tion (Figures 1D and 1E), suggesting that Lpd is a novel
Abl family substrate harboring three major c-Abl phosphory-
lation sites.
Endogenous Lpd Is Phosphorylated by c-Abl upon PDGF
Because Abl kinases are activated upon PDGF receptor
ligation [6], we investigated whether endogenous Lpd is phos-
phorylated downstream of the PDGF receptor. We stimulated
serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells with PDGF for various time points
and immunoprecipitated endogenous Lpd from cell lysates.
Lpd phosphorylation peaked within 2 min of PDGF stimulation
and subsequently declined (Figures 2A and 2B).
To further investigate the phosphorylation of endogenous
Lpd, we generated phosphospecific antibodies against two
of the major phosphorylation sites, in the PH domain (anti-P-
Lpd-Y426) and in the C-terminal region (anti-P-Lpd-Y1226),
respectively. These antibodies detected phosphorylated Lpd
only when Lpd was cotransfected with wild-type but not with
kinase-inactive c-Abl (Figure 2E), or they detected endoge-
nous phosphorylated Lpd on western blots of PDGF-stimu-
lated NIH 3T3 cell lysates (Figure 2D).
To explore whether Abl kinases are required for the phos-
phorylation of Lpd upon PDGF stimulation, we pretreated
NIH 3T3 cells with a low concentration (1 mM) of the Abl kinase
inhibitor STI571 before stimulating the cells with PDGF for
2 min. Tyrosine phosphorylation of total Lpd (Figure 2C) and
at Lpd residues Y426 and Y1226 (Figure 2F) was abrogated
by Abl inhibitor treatment, suggesting that endogenous Lpd
is transiently phosphorylated by Abl kinases upon PDGF
c-Abl canbe activatedby interaction withits substrates [16],
and we observed that wild-type c-Abl, as well as dominant-
active c-Abl (lacking the SH3 domain) and kinase-inactive
c-Abl, coprecipitated with GST-Lpd (Figure S2A). However,
we did not observe an increase in c-Abl kinase activity upon
cotransfection with Lpd in in vitro kinase assays (Figure S2B),
indicating that Lpd phosphorylation requires activation of c-
Abl by upstream signals such as PDGF receptor activation.
To test whether binding is mediated by the SH3 orSH2 domain
of c-Abl, we performed pull-down assays from NIH 3T3 cell
lysates with purified GST-Abl-SH3 or SH2 domains. As a posi-
tive control, we found that the Abl-SH3 domain pulled down
Mena as previously published [17]. In contrast, Lpd and
RIAM did not interact with the Abl SH3 domain (Figure 2G).
However, Lpd phosphorylated on both Y426 and Y1226
precipitated with the GST-Abl-SH2 domain from lysates of
PDGF-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells (Figure 2H), suggesting that
a complex between Lpd and c-Abl is formed upon growth
factor stimulation and that complex formation is mediated
via the Abl-SH2 domain.
Phosphorylation of Lpd by c-Abl Positively Regulates
Lpd-Ena/VASP Interaction
A major function of Lpd is to recruit Ena/VASP proteins to the
leading edge, an event that needs to be tightly regulated for
controlled lamellipodia formation [9]. In agreement with
a potential regulation of Lpd by c-Abl, we observed that Lpd
colocalized with endogenous c-Abl in clusters at the very
edge of lamellipodia in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (Figure S3A) and
growth cones of primary hippocampal neurons (Figure S3B).
To test whether Lpd localization at the leading edge might
be regulated by Abl kinases, we used mouse embryonic fibro-
blasts lacking both c-Abl and Arg [18] and rescued this cellline
with YFP-tagged wild-type c-Abl (Figure S3C). Interestingly,
Lpd localized to lamellipodia in Abl2/2Arg2/2fibroblasts
(Figure 3D), as well as in c-Abl-expressing cells (Figure 3E),
indicating that Lpd localization is not regulated by Abl kinases.
Figure 1. Lpd Is a Substrate of c-Abl and Arg Kinases
(A and B) HEK293FT cells were transfected with GST-Lpd with wild-type
AblWT (A) or ArgWT (B), dominant-active AblDA (A) or ArgDA (B), kinase-
inactive c-Abl (AblKI) (A) or Arg (ArgKI) (B), or GST with AblWT or ArgWT
(negative control). GST pull-down from lysates was followed by western
blotting with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies in (A), (B), and (D).
(C) 24 peptides representing all tyrosine residues in Lpd, immobilized on
amembrane,wereincubatedwithc-Ablkinase andg-32P-ATP andanalyzed
by autoradiography.
wild-type c-Abl (AblWT).
(E) Quantification of blots by densitometry from three independent experi-
ments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 (one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Error
bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM). See also Figure S1.
Current Biology Vol 20 No 9
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To explore the possibility that phosphorylation of Lpd by
c-Abl may regulate Lpd-Ena/VASP interaction, we cotrans-
fected GST-Lpd with wild-type or kinase-inactive c-Abl and
tagged EVL, Mena, or VASP. Pull-down of GST-Lpd and
western blot for Ena/VASP proteins revealed that cotransfec-
tion of wild-type c-Abl increased the interaction between
Lpd and EVL or between Lpd and Mena (Figures 3A and 3B).
Consistently, cotransfection with kinase-inactive c-Abl de-
creased the interaction between Lpd and Mena (Figure 3B).
Interestingly, Lpd was less phosphorylated by c-Abl when
VASP was coexpressed. VASP coprecipitated with Lpd
regardless of whether kinase-inactive or wild-type c-Abl was
expressed (Figure 3C). However, cotransfection of wild-type
c-Abl increased the interaction between VASP and Lpd
compared to kinase-inactive c-Abl
together, this indicates that c-Abl positively regulates the
interaction between Lpd and Ena/VASP proteins.
(Figure 3C). Taken
Lpd Is Phosphorylated upon Netrin-1 Stimulation, and This
Positively Correlates with Increased Mena Coprecipitation
The Lpd and Ena/VASP C. elegans orthologs mig-10 and unc-
34 function downstream of the netrin receptor unc-40/DCC [4].
To explore whether netrin-1 stimulation regulates endogenous
Lpd-Mena interaction in vertebrates, we stimulated primary
cortical neurons with the axon guidance cue netrin-1 and
observed a transient increase in tyrosine phosphorylation
of Lpd within 5 min (Figure 3F). Interestingly, the amount of
Mena coprecipitating with Lpd also increased after 5 min of
netrin-1 stimulation (Figure 3F). To test
phosphorylation upon netrin-1 treatment is mediated by Abl
kinases, we stimulated STI571-treated cortical neurons with
netrin-1 and observed a loss of Lpd phosphorylation upon
Abl kinase inhibition (Figure 3G). Taken together, this
suggests that netrin/DCC signaling induces Abl kinase-
dependent transient phosphorylation of Lpd to increase
Mena recruitment.
whether Lpd
Leading-Edge Localization of Ena/VASP Proteins
Is Differentially Regulated by Abl Kinases
c-Abl-dependent phosphorylation of Lpd positively regulates
its interaction with Ena/VASP proteins (Figure 3). Therefore,
we investigated whether localization of Ena/VASP proteins to
the leading edge is regulated by Abl kinases. Abl2/2Arg2/2
edge regardless of the presence of Abl kinases (Figure S4B).
Surprisingly, Mena and EVL were not efficiently recruited to
Lpd-positive lamellipodia in Abl2/2Arg2/2fibroblasts but
localized to the leading edge in c-Abl-expressing Abl2/2
Arg2/2fibroblasts (Figures 4A and 4B; Figure S4C). This
fibroblastsexpress Mena,
Figure 2. Endogenous Lpd Is Phosphorylated at
Y426 and Y1226 by c-Abl upon Platelet-Derived
Growth Factor Stimulation
(A) Serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells were stimulated
with 50 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF). Lpd was immunoprecipitated and immu-
noblotted with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies.
(B) Densitometry: control values were subtracted
from values of phosphotyrosine bands in (A)
(three independent experiments) and repre-
sented as fold increase compared to 0 min.
*p < 0.05 (Student's t test). Error bars represent
(C) Serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells were treated
with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 1 mM STI-571
for 2 hr prior to stimulation with PDGF. Lysates
were immunoblotted with anti-phosphotyrosine
(D) Serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells were stimulated
with 50 ng/ml PDGF and cell lysates were immu-
noblotted with Y426 and Y1226 phosphospecific
Lpd antibodies and anti-Hsc70 as loading
(E) HEK293FT cells were transfected with GST-
Lpd, wild-type (AblWT), or kinase-inactive (AblKI)
c-Abl. GST pull-down from lysates was followed
by immunoblotting with Y426 and Y1226 phos-
phospecific Lpd antibodies.
DMSO or 1 mM STI-571 for 2 hr and stimulated
with PDGF, and lysates were immunoblotted
with phosphospecific Lpd antibodies.
(G) GST-Abl-SH3-agarose was incubated with
lysates of NIH 3T3 cells and bound Lpd, RIAM,
or Mena detected in a western blot. GST-agarose
was used as a negative control.
(H) Lpd was pulled down from lysates of
PDGF-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells with GST-Abl-
SH2-agarose and was immunoblotted with anti-
used as a negative control.
three times. See also Figure S2.
Abl Positively Regulates Lpd-Ena/VASP Interaction
Page 4
indicates that Mena and EVL, but not VASP recruitment to
lamellipodia, depend on c-Abl, and this may be mediated by
phosphorylation of Lpd.
Lpd and Ena/VASP Proteins Regulate PDGF-Induced
Dorsal Ruffles
Abl kinases regulate dorsal ruffling of fibroblasts upon PDGF
stimulation [7]. We observed that Lpd localizes to the rim of
PDGF-induced dorsal ruffles of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts where it
colocalizes with Mena (Figure 5A). Lpd overexpression signif-
icantly increased dorsal ruffling upon PDGF treatment
(Figure 5B). Conversely, Lpd knockdown decreased dorsal
ruffling (Figure 5C), suggesting that Lpd regulates this
To test the role of Ena/VASP for dorsal ruffle formation, we
employed a well-established strategy to artificially delocalize
all Ena/VASP proteins [19, 20]. This strategy relies on the
specific interaction of the EVH1 domain of Ena/VASP proteins
with a proline-rich motif (D/EFPPPPXD/ED/E) [5]. Expressing
four EVH1-binding sites fused to a mitochondrial membrane
anchor (FP4-mito) delocalizes all Ena/VASP proteins to mito-
chondria, thereby rendering them nonfunctional. Mutation of
phenylalanine to alanine in the FP4 motif abolishes binding
to Ena/VASP proteins (AP4-mito, negative control) [19]. Delo-
calization of all Ena/VASP proteins in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts
significantly reduced dorsal ruffling (Figure 5D), suggesting
that Ena/VASP function is important for this process.
Because Lpd might regulate dorsal ruffling by recruiting
Ena/VASP proteins, we tested whether the increase in dorsal
ruffling induced by Lpd overexpression was Ena/VASP depen-
dent. Coexpressing AP4-mito with GFP-Lpd was as efficient
as GFP-Lpd alone in increasing dorsal ruffling (Figure 5E).
Figure 3. Lpd Interaction with Ena/VASP Proteins Is Regu-
lated by c-Abl
(A–C) HEK293FT cells were transfected with GST-Lpd, EVL,
Mena, or VASP and AblWT or AblKI. GST pull-down on
lysates was followed by western blotting with anti-phospho-
tyrosine, Lpd, and EVL (A), Mena (B), or VASP (C) antibodies.
(D and E) Abl2/2Arg2/2and YFP-AblWT/Abl2/2Arg2/2cells
were fixed and stained with Lpd antibodies. Scale bar repre-
sents 30 mm.
(F and G) Primary cortical neurons were cultured for 36 hr
without (F) or with (G) 10 mM STI571 or DMSO, were stimu-
lated with 300 ng/ml netrin-1, and were lysed. Lpd was
immunoprecipitated and examined for tyrosine phosphory-
lation (F and G) and Mena coprecipitation (F) by western
blotting. Purified rabbit IgG was used for the control immu-
(A–G) All experiments have been repeated at least three
times. See also Figure S3.
However, coexpressing GFP-Lpd with FP4-mito
completely abolished this effect (Figure 5E),
indicating thatEna/VASP
Lpd-induced dorsal ruffling.
Lpd Function during Dorsal Ruffling
Is Regulated by c-Abl
Because c-Abl [7] and Lpd (Figure 5C) positively
affect dorsal ruffling, we investigated whether
c-Abl might regulate Lpd in this process. Coex-
pression of GFP-Lpd with c-Abl further increased
the GFP-Lpd overexpression phenotype (Fig-
ure 5F), indicating that c-Abl and Lpd cooperate
in this process. To test whether c-Abl kinase activity is
required for Lpd function, we pretreated GFP-Lpd-expressing
fibroblasts with the Abl inhibitor STI571. This treatment abol-
ished the GFP-Lpd-induced increase in dorsal ruffling
(Figure 5F), indicating that Lpd function requires phosphoryla-
tion by Abl kinases. In contrast to GFP-Lpd, overexpression of
GFP-Lpd4YF (Figure 1D) did not increase the dorsal ruffling
response (Figure 5G), suggesting that phosphorylation of
Lpd at the identified c-Abl sites is required for its function in
dorsal ruffling.
Lpd Regulates Axonal Morphogenesis
Abl kinases regulate neuronal morphogenesis and are
required for the integrin-dependent, laminin-induced increase
in axonal length and branching [6]. To explore whether Lpd is
required for neuronal morphogenesis, we transfected primary
hippocampal neurons with two Lpd small interfering RNAs
siRNA (Figure S5A). Axons were detected by Tau-1 staining
(Figure S5B). The length, branching, and number of primary
dendrites per neuron were not significantly altered upon Lpd
knockdown (data not shown). Control siRNA-transfected
neurons formed long, highly branched axons when plated on
laminin for 2 days (Figure 6A). In contrast, the length of the
main axon was significantly shorter (reduced by 30%) in
neurons transfected with Lpd-specific siRNAs (Figures 6A
and 6B). The sum of the length of the main axon and all axonal
branches was further decreased (Figure 6C). Consistently,
axonal branching was highly impaired in the Lpd siRNA-trans-
fected neurons (Figure 6D). Coexpression of human GFP-Lpd
together with the mouse Lpd siRNA rescued the Lpd knock-
down phenotype, verifying that the observed phenotype was
Current Biology Vol 20 No 9
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not due to an off-target effect (Figure 6E). Taken together,
these results suggest that Lpd regulates elongation and
branching of axons.
c-Abl Cooperates with Lpd in an Ena/VASP-Dependent
Manner in the Regulation of Axonal Morphogenesis
In primary neurons, overexpression of dominant-active c-Abl,
but not wild-type c-Abl, resulted in increased neurite growth
[21, 22]. Because Lpd is positively regulated by c-Abl and
contributes to axonal extension and branching, we explored
the possibility that Lpd and c-Abl may cooperate to regulate
this process. We transfected primary hippocampal neurons
either with empty EGFP vector, EGFP-Lpd, or wild-type
YFP-c-Abl and plated neurons after transfection onto poly-
D-lysine-coated coverslips, an adhesive substratum that
does not activate integrins. This induces only limited neurite
outgrowth and branching when compared to neurons plated
on laminin, thereby allowing us to investigate potential
increases in length and branching induced by overexpression.
Overexpression of wild-type c-Abl or EGFP-Lpd alone had no
effect on length and branching of either axons and dendrites
(Figures 7A–7D; data not shown). In contrast, co-overexpres-
sion of Lpd with wild-type c-Abl induced a significant increase
in length of the main axon (Figures 7A and 7B). The sum of the
Figure 4. Abl Kinases Regulate Leading-Edge
Localization of Mena and EVL
(A and B) Abl2/2Arg2/2and YFP-AblWT/Abl2/2
Arg2/2cells were plated, fixed, and stained with
Lpd (Figure S4C) and Mena (A) or EVL (B) anti-
bodies. Leading-edge localization of Mena and
EVL was quantified via line scans in cells with
Lpd leading-edge staining. Per cell type, n = 60
cells were analyzed from three independent
experiments. Values above the median were
The number of cells with positive leading-edge
as a percentage in comparison to YFP-AblWT/
Abl2/2Arg2/2cells. **p < 0.01 (Student's t test).
Error bars represent SEM. See also Figure S4.
length of the main axon and all axonal
branches was further increased (Fig-
ure 7C). Consistently, branching was
doubled in the neurons transfected
with Lpd and c-Abl (Figures 7A and
7D), indicating that c-Abl and Lpd coop-
erate to positively regulate axonal length
and branching.
To explore whether cooperation of
c-Abl with Lpd in axonal morphogenesis
is mediated by Ena/VASP proteins, we
co-overexpressed c-Abl and Lpd with
or without FP4-mito or AP4-mito con-
structs to delocalize all Ena/VASP pro-
teins. Co-overexpression of c-Abl and
EGFP-Lpd or of c-Abl, EGFP-Lpd, and
AP4-mito significantly increased the
length of the main axon, compared
to c-Abl with EGFP (Figures 7E and
7F). Importantly, co-overexpression of
c-Abl, EGFP-Lpd, and FP4-mito failed
to induce an increase in the length of
the main axon (Figures 7E and 7F), suggesting that axonal
elongation induced by cooperation of c-Abl and Lpd is medi-
ated by Ena/VASP proteins.
In this study we reveal Lpd as a novel substrate of Abl kinases
that is transiently phosphorylated upon PDGF and netrin-1
stimulation. We found that Lpd is phosphorylated by c-Abl at
its PH domain and at the C terminus. Phosphorylation by Abl
kinases at the PH domain does not regulate the interaction
of Lpd with the plasma membrane because Lpd localizes at la-
mellipodia in Abl2/2Arg2/2fibroblasts (Figure 3).
We observed that the interaction between Lpd and Ena/
VASP proteins is positively regulated by c-Abl. However,
by Abl kinases. The phosphorylation of Lpd might alter its
tertiary structure, thereby unmasking the Ena/VASP-binding
sites. Furthermore, we noticed differences in the biochemical
behavior of individual Ena/VASP proteins. We found that
wild-type, dominant-active, and kinase-inactive c-Abl can
coprecipitate with Lpd (Figure S2A). Wild-type and domi-
nant-active, but not kinase-inactive, c-Abl may bind directly
to phosphorylated Lpd via the c-Abl SH2 domain. In contrast,
kinase-inactive c-Abl may bind indirectly to Lpd via Ena/VASP,
Abl Positively Regulates Lpd-Ena/VASP Interaction
Page 6
because Ena/VASP proteins can directly interact with the
c-Abl SH3 domain [5] and Ena/VASP can interact with FP4
motifs in Lpd [9].Furthermore, VASP localizationto theleading
edge is independent of Abl kinases (Figure S4B), suggesting
that its recruitment to this site can also occur without Lpd
phosphorylation by Abl kinases. In addition, only Lpd-Mena,
and not Lpd-EVL or Lpd-VASP interaction, is inhibited by
expression of kinase-inactive c-Abl, suggesting that c-Abl
may also regulate Mena directly. This might be achieved by
phosphorylation of Ena or Mena, because they are substrates
of Abl [5]. We believe that this is unlikely because we did not
observe any tyrosine phosphorylation of Mena when we
co-overexpressed GST-Lpd, Mena, and c-Abl (data not
shown; Figure 3). Furthermore, direct phosphorylation of Ena
by D-Abl is not required for regulation of Ena function because
expression of a nonphosphorylatable Ena mutant rescued
axon guidance defects in the Drosophila ena mutant [5, 23].
However, Abl kinase activity is required for its function in
axon guidance [24, 25], suggesting that D-Abl must phosphor-
ylate some other component. It was postulated that Abl
Figure 5. Lpd Regulates the PDGF-Induced Dorsal Ruffle
Response in an Ena/VASP-Dependent Manner
(A) Single confocal plane at the dorsal surface of PDGF
(5 min, 30 ng/ml)-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells stained with Lpd
and Mena antibodies. Scale bar represents 2 mm.
(B–G) NIH 3T3 cells were stimulated with 30 ng/ml PDGF for
5 min and fixed, and F-actin was stained with A568-phalloi-
din. Coverslips were automatically scanned, and transfected
cells with dorsal ruffles were quantified.
(B) GFP-Lpd overexpression increases the dorsal ruffle
(C) Lpd knockdown was achieved by transfection of
a plasmid with an Lpd small hairpin RNA or scrambled
control and puromycin resistance. After selection, cells
were serum starved and stimulated with 30 ng/ml PDGF.
(D) NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with mRFP1-FP4-mito to
delocalize all Ena/VASP proteins or mRFP1-AP4-mito as
(E) NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with GFP, GFP-Lpd alone,
or in combination with mRFP1-FP4-mito or mRFP1-AP4-
mito as control.
(F) NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with GFP or GFP-Lpd
alone, or in combination with wild-type c-Abl (AblWT) or
were pretreated for 2 hr with 1 mM STI571.
(G) NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with GFP, GFP-Lpd, or
GFP-Lpd4YF (mutated at Y426, Y456, Y513, Y1226). *p <
0.05; **p < 0.01 (B, C, D, and G: Student's t test; E and F:
one-way ANOVA). Error bars represent SEM.
regulates Ena's location in cells because Ena is
mislocalized in d-abl mutant flies [14]. Taken
together, this suggests that Abl regulates Ena
localization indirectly by phosphorylating an
unknown protein. In this study we have discov-
ered that the interaction between Lpd and Ena/
VASP proteins is positively regulated by c-Abl.
Therefore, we suggest that Lpd is this hitherto
unknown intermediary between Abl and Ena/
VASP and that the differential formation of trimo-
lecular complexes between Lpd, c-Abl, and indi-
vidual Ena/VASP proteins allows for fine tuning
of signaling responses.
This positive regulation of Lpd and Ena/VASP
by Abl is surprising because it was postulated
that Drosophila d-abl negatively regulates ena
function [1, 2]. How can both be reconciled? Unexpectedly,
comparing known cellular functions of Abl kinases and Ena/
VASP proteins revealed that many functions are very similar
and not in opposition to each other. First, overexpression of
both Abl kinases and Ena/VASP proteins increases filopodia
formation [20, 22, 26]. Second, analysis of knockout fibro-
blasts lacking Ena/VASP proteins or Abl kinases revealed
that they migrated faster compared to cells re-expressing
physiological levels of the respective proteins [8, 19, 27, 28].
This indicates that both Abl kinases and Ena/VASP proteins
negatively regulate whole-cell migration [8, 19, 27, 29, 30].
Third, both Abl/Arg or Ena/VASP knockout mice have neurula-
tion defects during development and die of hemorrhage [18,
31–34]. Finally, both Drosophila ena and d-abl mutants have
defects in longitudinal and commissural axon tracts [2, 4, 6].
How can mutations in ena ameliorate abl phenotypes when
Abl is a positive regulator of Ena? We suggest that Abl posi-
tively regulates the correct subcellular localization of Ena/
VASP proteins, which is consistent with our observations
and with those in d-abl mutant flies [14]. When D-Abl is absent,
Current Biology Vol 20 No 9
Page 7
Ena accumulates ectopically where excess F-actin is ob-
served [14]. Consistently, reduction of ena in abl mutant flies
restores viability [1, 2]. Therefore, rescue of viability can be
equally well explained by a positive regulation of Ena by Abl.
Lpd is transiently phosphorylated upon stimulation of
primary cortical neurons with netrin-1 and is accompanied
by an increased Lpd-Mena interaction. Treatment of neurons
5 to 10 min [20], which correlates well with the time course of
Lpd phosphorylation and increased interaction with Mena. In
C. elegans, mig-10 and unc-34/ena function together to
mediate unc-6/netrin-dependent axon guidance decisions
[4]. Our data indicate that cooperation between Lpd and
Ena/VASP proteins downstream of the netrin receptor also
occurs in vertebrates.
Weobserved atransientphosphorylationofLpduponPDGF
receptor stimulation and found that Lpd and Ena/VASP
proteins contribute to the PDGF-induced dorsal ruffle
response of fibroblasts. Our data indicate that Lpd function
in the dorsal ruffle response is regulated by Abl kinases and
mediated by Ena/VASP proteins. In lamellipodia, Ena/VASP
actin filament capping [8]. N-WASP and the Arp2/3 complex
facilitate actin nucleation off of the side of existing actin
Figure 6. Lpd Is Required for Axonal Morphogenesis
(A) Hippocampal neurons transfected with Lpd small inter-
fering RNAs (siRNAs) or control siRNA plated on laminin-
coatedcoverslipswerestainedwithanti-beta(III)-tubulin and
Tau-1 antibodies (Figure S5B). Scale bar represents 50 mm.
(B) Axons were identified with Tau-1 staining (Figure S5B),
and length of main axon and branches were manually quan-
tified with NeuronJ from anti-beta(III)-tubulin stainings.
Three independent experiments were performed: control
siRNA, n = 128 neurons; Lpd siRNA-11, n = 174 neurons;
Lpd siRNA-12, n = 184 neurons.
(C and D) The total length of all axonal branches per neuron
(C) and the number of branch points per axon (D) were calcu-
(E) Axonal length of primary hippocampal neurons cotrans-
fected with either control siRNA and GFP, Lpd siRNA and
GFP, or Lpd siRNA and human GFP-Lpd was quantified.
Three independent experiments were performed: control
siRNA + EGFP, n = 102 neurons; Lpd siRNA-11+EGFP,
n = 92 neurons; Lpd siRNA-11+human Lpd-EGFP, n = 89
neurons. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA). Error
bars represent SEM. See also Figure S5.
filaments, and cortactin stabilizes these actin
branches [35]. N-WASP [6], cortactin [36], and
Lpd (this study) are positively regulated by Abl
kinases and function to regulate dorsal ruffling.
A fine balance of Arp2/3-mediated branching
and Ena/VASP-mediated elongation of actin
filaments regulates the actin ultrastructure during
dorsal ruffle formation. Therefore, positive regula-
tion by Abl kinases and cooperation between
Lpd, Ena/VASP, N-WASP, Arp2/3, and cortactin
might be a more general mechanism to modulate
the actin ultrastructure for different types of
membrane protrusions.
In conclusion, we have identified Lpd as a
component of PDGF and netrin-1 signaling path-
ways. Lpd is a substrate of Abl kinases, and
c-AblcooperateswithLpdin anEna/VASP-dependent manner
during the PDGF-induced dorsal ruffle response and axonal
morphogenesis. Lpd's interaction with Ena/VASP proteins is
positively regulated by Abl kinases. We propose that Lpd
is the hitherto unknown intermediary between Abl and Ena/
VASP. Our data donot support the suggested negative regula-
tory role of Abl for Ena, and we propose an alternative hypoth-
esis that Abl kinases, via Lpd, positively regulate Ena/VASP
Experimental Procedures
Molecular Biology, Plasmids, and Reagents
See Supplemental Experimental Procedures.
Cell Culture
NIH 3T3 (ATCC), HEK293FT (Invitrogen), and Abl2/2Arg2/2MEFs (a kind gift
from T. Koleske, Yale) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's
medium, penicillin, streptomycin, 10% fetal bovine serum, or calf serum
(NIH 3T3) and transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). NIH 3T3
cells were serum starved (18 hr) before stimulation with 30 or 50 ng/ml
PDGF. pK1-YFP-c-Abl and pCL-Eco were cotransfected in HEK293FT to
generate retroviruses to transduce Abl2/2Arg2/2MEFs, and YFP-positive
cells were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. See Supple-
mental Experimental Procedures for immunofluorescence analysis and
Abl Positively Regulates Lpd-Ena/VASP Interaction
Page 8
Immunoprecipitations and Western Blotting
Primary cortical neurons were cultured for 36 hr before incubation with
S-transferase (GST) buffer (50 mM Tris-HCL, pH 7.4, 200 mM NaCl, 1%
NP-40, 2 mM MgCl2, 10% glycerol, NaF + Na3VO4, complete mini tablets
without EDTA, Roche). Precleared lysate was incubated with glutathione
beads (Amersham) or with primary antibody or control IgG followed by
protein A beads (Pierce) and was washed with GST buffer. Western blotting
was performed as described [9].
Peptide Array Assay
Custom-made immobilized peptide arrays (CR-UK) were incubated over-
night at room temperature in kinase buffer (50 mM Tris-Hcl, 10 mM MgCl2,
1mMEGTA, 2mMDTT,0.01% Brij 35) with 0.2 mg/ml bovine serum albumin
(BSA) and 10 mM NaCl, were blocked for 45 min at 30?C in kinase buffer
with 1 mg/ml BSA and 100 mM NaCl, and were incubated with kinase buffer
+ 0.2 mg/ml BSA + 120 units Abl kinase (NEB) + 24 mCi g-32P-ATP for 2 hr at
30?C. Washed membranes (10 3 15 min 1 M NaCl, 3 3 5 min H2O, 3 3 5 min
H3P04, 3 3 5 min H2O, 2 3 2 min ethanol) were dried and analyzed with
a Phosphorimager Typhoon 9200 (Amersham).
Supplemental Information
Supplemental Information includes SupplementalExperimentalProcedures
We thank F. Gertler (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) for Ena/VASP
plasmids and antibodies; T. Koleske (Yale) for the Abl2/2Arg2/2MEFs,
STI571, and Abl/Arg plasmids; and B. Eickholt, A. Jandke, and J. Leslie
(King's College London) for critical reading of the manuscript. Special
thanks to E. Meijering for developing NeuronJ. M.M. is supported by a
Medical Research Council studentship. C.N. is supported by a European
Molecular Biology Organization long-term fellowship. A.V. is supported by
a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant to M.K.
(BB/G00319X/1). M.M., A.V., C.N., and M.K. are supported by funds from
a Wellcome Trust University Award (077429/Z/05/Z) to M.K.
Received: July 13, 2009
Revised: March 17, 2010
Accepted: March 17, 2010
Published online: April 22, 2010
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Figure 7. Lpd Cooperates with c-Abl in an Ena/VASP-Dependent Manner in
the Regulation of Axonal Morphogenesis
(A–D) Hippocampal neurons transfected with EGFP control, Lpd-EGFP,
wild-type YFP-c-Abl+EGFP control, or Lpd-EGFP + wild-type YFP-c-Abl
plated on poly-D-lysine-coated coverslips were stained with anti-beta(III)-
tubulin (A) and Tau-1(Figure S5C) antibodies. Scale bars in(A) and (E) repre-
sent 50 mm.
(B and F) Axons were identified with Tau-1 staining (Figure S5C), and length
of main axon and branches were manually quantified with NeuronJ from
anti-beta(III)-tubulin stainings. Three independent experiments were per-
formed: control EGFP, n = 137 neurons; Lpd-EGFP, n = 134 neurons;
EGFP+c-Abl, n = 161 neurons; Lpd-EGFP+c-Abl, n = 133 neurons.
(C and D) The total length of all axonal branches per neuron (C) and the
number of branch points per axon (D) were calculated.
(E and F) Hippocampal neurons transfected with wild-type YFP-c-
Abl+EGFP control, Lpd-EGFP + wild-type YFP-c-Abl with mRFP1-FP4-
mito, or AP4-mito and plated onto poly-D-lysine-coated coverslips were
stained with anti-beta(III)-tubulin and Tau-1 antibodies (Figure S5D).
(F) Data from three independent experiments: EGFP+c-Abl, n = 140
neurons; Lpd-EGFP+c-Abl, n = 94 neurons; Lpd-EGFP+c-Abl+FP4-mito,
n = 121 neurons; Lpd-EGFP+c-Abl+AP4-mito, n = 90 neurons. *p < 0.05;
**p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA). Error bars represent SEM.
Current Biology Vol 20 No 9
Page 9
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adhesion. Dev. Cell 7, 585–595.
13. Lyulcheva, E., Taylor, E., Michael, M., Vehlow, A., Tan, S., Fletcher, A.,
Krause, M., and Bennett, D. (2008). Drosophila pico and its mammalian
ortholog lamellipodin activate serum response factor and promote cell
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Abl Positively Regulates Lpd-Ena/VASP Interaction


text:
David Coope
My favorite website for school rating is GreatSchool's website, here's the link: http://www.greatschools.org/search/search.page?search_type=0
Since you mentioned it is the most important aspect, the rest will follow once you have chosen the right school/s for your kids. They have reviews on private, public and charter schools. It's convenient to get around here and there's plenty of activities, golf courses, pools, etc. Feel free to call for more info.
Good luck!
Charmaine Prospero
Prudential Americana/Prospero Group
-If this is going to be a cash deal: we will need proof of funds to submit with the offer if we find a home you like. We will want this in hand when looking at homes. If we do not have this and we find a home you like we will not be able to submit an offer until we have the proof of funds in which time we may lose the deal and be back to square one.
-If this deal will require financing: we will need to get a preapproval letter before looking at properties. This way if we find a deal we can write up an offer and submit it right away. If we don't have you preapproved and we have to wait a day or 2 to get you preapproved we may lose the deal and be back to square one. Feel free to use your own lender or we can provide you with the contact information for lenders we work with all the time. We recommend you shop around and see who you feel the most comfortable with and who can offer you the best deal on your loan. Once you pick the loan officer you would like to use have them provide you with a preapproval letter.
Please learn more about buying in Las Vegas as well as how to start your free property search here: http://lvrealestatehelp.weebly.com/buying-real-estate.html
Best Regards,
Robert Adams
The Adams Team at
Rothwell Gornt Companies
David Cooper Investment anager
If you have specific address you are interested in you can read below to check recent crimes and school ratings in that area.
Please see the following links to check crimes that have occurred recently around addresses that you plug in.
The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police website covering Clark County and the City of Las Vegas, has a page where you can search crime statistics. We've included the link below.
For areas covered by N. Las Vegas police:
For the City of Henderson:
This is the link to the Clark County School District. Again, you can enter in the address you are interested in and it will pull up the schools zoned for that specific house. There are reports and ratings on each school, this will give you a better idea of how well that each school is performing. Once you enter the address, you can click on the school name, then click on the school website and on their front page look for the "2010-2011 Accountability Report". This will give you very detailed information on each school and how they are performing.
Best Regards,
Robert Adams
The Adams Team at
Rothwell Gornt Companies
My last child is graduating in a couple of years and we have had good experiences with the school system. Our magnet schools rank really high in the nation so if your children have specific interest that may be a good fit.
If you coming out to Vegas let me know and we can take a tour.
Happy hunting!
Dean Decker
Las Vegas enjoys a multitude of wonderful communities and most are within reasonable distance to schools, golf and swimming. Some communities incorporate swimming pools into the master plan for use for folks living within that community.
Then, here is a website listing golf courses in Clark County which might be interesting to you. http://www.lvol.com/recreation/las_vegas_golf/index.html
You can search for all homes for sale in Clark County (Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, etc.) on my website
You can also contact me through that website.
The best for you and your family.
Betty Gammon
You might want to consider first what schools you need for your children like public or private?
than where is place of business/work?
There are few communities that offer wide variety of amenities like Roheds Ranch, Summerlinn, Piccole Ranch, Desert Shores, Green Valley, Southern Highland, Aliente and more.
I will be happy to send you information . You can call ne at 702-612-7099 or email firstname.lastname@example.com to receive a relocation eBook.
Please feel free to search for all the homes for sale at http://www.cvegashomes.com .
Rena Levy
Realty Executives
I would be happy to email you information that helps you decide for yourself what part of Las Vegas is right for your family.
I have helped 20 families relocate to Las Vegas in the past year.
Jane Snow
Wardley Real Estate
There are so many questions that come to mind that it would take a few more emails or phone calls in order to start a specific search for you....contact me if I can be of assistance...KL
P.S.: Hope you are not in the line of the "Snowmaggedon" back east!
Karen Lotter
urban nest realty

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Originally written on Stepien Rules | Last updated 11/15/14
A friend who is not from Cleveland sent me a text message this week. He wrote: Dion Waiters thinks Cavs are a 6-seed next year. I responded: Yeah I saw that. He then added two of those cartoon emoticons to suggest he was laughing so hard he was crying. I then concluded the conversation with: I think it's awesome DW said that. The quotes we were discussing--in case you missed it while consumed in NBA Draft, NBA Finals and Larry Nance Jr. talk--were published on Thursday. Dion Waiters was celebrity judging a dunk contest in Philadelphia. A reporter asked him how good he thought the Cavaliers would be next season. His response was as follows according to Jake Fisher at SLAMonline.com. "We don't want to settle for no 7- or 8-seed," Waiters said. "We could probably be a 6-seed or something like that. We just got to work hard and believe in each other and have each other's backs and just play." When asked what he thinks the Cavs will do with the No. 1 pick, Waiters said, "I don't know; I'm not sure. I haven't talked to anybody on the team about it. But we definitely want somebody who's a winner and is going to come in and help us win." People who don't live in Cleveland, like my friend, might not fully understand why Cavs fans could appreciate this type of commentary. Is the No. 6 seed realistic in 2013-14? Who knows and who cares at this point. What's important, at least to me, is that Waiters believes in himself and his teammates enough to go on the record and suggest as much. I'm not trying to come off all Rhonda Byrne-ish here either, but this type of attitude is where actual winning begins. In the modern discussion of assets and salary caps, the winning mentality is often undervalued. The sum total of assets an NBA team eventually acquires needs to also include people like Waiters who are not interested in asking permission to be good. One season together was enough for Dion to believe in the direction of the Cavaliers' organization. Right or wrong, he is supremely confident that his team can compete with anyone in the League. While others might wonder if the Cavs would be actually able to outplay five teams from the group of Miami, Indiana, New York, Chicago, Brooklyn (that's five), Boston, Atlanta, Milwaukee, Toronto, or Philly to actually earn the No. 6 seed, Dion's just worrying about Cleveland. Here's hoping whoever the Cavs do select with the No. 1 pick, whether it's Noel, Porter, McLemore, Len or somebody else entirely, feels the same way.
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The is so much to see associated with this memorial and the black granite walls at night are interesting. The images are almost ghost like watching over the patrol. The reflection of the patrol among the images on the wall is also unique.
The United States is one of the most diverse countries on earth, jam packed full of amazing sights from St. Patrick's cathedral in New York to Mount Hollywood California.The Northeast region is where it all started. Thirteen British colonies fought the American Revolution from here and won their independence in the first successful colonial rebellion in history. Take a look at these rolling hills carpeted with foliage along the Hudson river here, north of New York City.The American south is known for its polite people and slow pace of life. Probably they move slowly because it's so hot. Southerners tend not to trust people from "up north" because they talk too fast. Here's a cemetery in Georgia where you can find graves of soldiers from the Civil War.The West Coast is sort of like another country that exists to make the east coast jealous. California is full of nothing but grizzly old miners digging for gold, a few gangster rappers, and then actors. That is to say, the West Coast functions as the imagination of the US, like a weird little brother who teases everybody then gets famous for making freaky art.The central part of the country is flat farmland all the way over to the Rocky Mountains. Up in the northwest corner you can find creative people in places like Portland and Seattle, along with awesome snowboarding and good beer. Text by Steve Smith.


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Bart Janz, Independent Fundamentalist Baptist minister. From his sermon, "God and Government II," Holly Ridge Baptist Church, 2006"My job [as pastor] is to execute wrath upon … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Executing Wrath?
CTBHHM: How To Be an Abused Woman
by Libby AnneCreated To Be His Help Meet, pp. 54-55***trigger warning***Debi starts this passage by laying out what she calls "God's Blueprint for Marriage." She first quotes several verses: … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Peace?
by Nancy Campbell of Above Rubies We talked yesterday about deception. Peace is another area where we can be deceived. People often say that have peace about something, but really it is just a RELIEF from their circumstances. … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Pouring Into?
by Voddie Baucham in film Return of the Daughters"I don't know why we allow ourselves to be poured into the world's mold that somehow says to go out and pour your life into a stranger … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Genetic Claims?
by Doug Wilson and posted at Vision Forum "For the sake of argument, we should readily grant homosexual genetic claims. God controls everything, and so we can grant any and all scientific claims about the genetic bases of sin. Accept it all in the providence of God. … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Twisted Illogical Logic?
by Doug Wilson as posted at Vision Forum "In true repentance, we should invert as many contemporary categories as we can — own the curse of homosexuality upon our parenting, grant the science, and explicitly embrace God's transformation of our civil order. True repentance in the Church, … [Read more...]
Created To Be His Slave
by Bruce Gerencser's guest IanOn the No Longer Quivering blog, I have been enthralled read to read the female view of Created To Be His Helpmeet (CTBHH), by Debi Pearl. For any that don't know what this book is, it is a manual for women to learn how to become totally dependent … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Mom Has Her Jobs When Not Wacked Out On Psychoactive Drugs?
by Mary Pride of Homeschool World in "Patriarchy, Meet Matriarchy" Traditional Christian cultures understood this quite well. Mom had her jobs, and Dad had his. If Dad tried to meddle in Mom's work, she would shoo him away. … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: All the Children?
by Colin Campbell from Meat For Men "Biblical Fathers Have All The Children God Wants Them To Have" - April 25, 2013 On this point the majority of the Christian churches have been greatly deceived. Most Christian couples have little understanding of the importance of God being in charge of this area of their lives. They consult God on their career, college, home, finance, and many seemingly important issues, yet regarding children created in God's own image, they don't want God … [Read more...]
CTBHHM In Which Debi Reveals Her Mandate
by Libby AnneCreated To Be His Help Meet, pp. 51-53 Remember that Debi has just poisoned the well against trusting one's feelings, listening to mainstream society, or giving a hearing to the arguments of Christian feminists. She continues with this: Can we, ordinary housewives and mothers, jump into the arena and compete with these "scholars," deciding which verses in the Bible should be believed and which ones should be dismissed for various reasons? That is not for me.But I do have a solution … [Read more...]


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Quality Inn Airport
1351 Airport Road
Jacksonville, FL 32218
Phone: (904) 741-0094
Fax: (904) 741-3082
»Green Papaya Pan Asian Cuisine
Green Papaya offers a range of Asian food items, although the focus is on Thai cuisine. Here you can sample exotic dishes from various Asian countries as the chefs put in all efforts to offer dishes with the freshest ingredients. Whether you love your meals just as they are, or you'd like to kick-in a few different spices, there is something on the menu for everyone. This is a great place in North Jacksonville for a casual lunch.
Housed in the Highlands Center strip mall on the north side of Jacksonville, just a short distance from I-95, this restaurant offers patrons a pleasant and tasty dining experience. Comfortable booths and a friendly staff enhance a menu that includes such options as Egg Drop Soup, General Chow Chicken, Mandarin Beef and a host of combination plates.
»Marco Polo Chinese Restaurant & Mongolian BBQ
Tucked into the JC Penney Plaza on the north side of Jacksonville, just off I-295, this restaurant offers both Chinese cuisine and a Mongolian barbecue. You can order from a menu or dine from a Chinese buffet that offers a wide selection of popular dishes. The Mongolian barbecue offers you an opportunity to choose from a selection of fresh meats, vegetables and spices and to watch your selections prepared on a table side grill. Decor is oriental, with soft lights, comfortable seating in booths or tables, and ambient oriental music playing softly.
»Robert's Quality Seafood
This is a great combination of fresh seafood market and carry-out restaurant. An online menu allows customers to browse, call in their order and pick it up to create a picnic at home, hotel or beachfront! You can't dine at Robert's Quality Seafood, so pick up and take home your seafood selection. Picking it out is half the fun. Choose from a large menu, and place your order via e-mail and receive special discounts. Call for details regarding orders.
»Chowder Ted's
This small, out-of-the-way, unpretentious restaurant offers delicious, affordable food with a delightful view of the water. Chowder Ted's has a good variety of appetizers, such as smoked fish spread and crackers, jalapeño peppers, and lots of onion rings. For main dishes, choose from a Pot Of Chowder, Ted's "famous" recipe with garlic bread, swamp burger, catch of the day sandwich, or Cajun shrimp. Ask about their Friday and Saturday dinner specials.
»Burger King
The original Whooper Burger was created here at the Burger King which started in the 50s. Being the second largest food chain restaurant, this place serves up a good fare of tasty juicy burgers and other fast food regulars. They have grown to have more than a thousand restaurants all over the globe but the taste remains the same throughout. If you are a fast food fan then Burger King should definitely be a must visit place on your list of fast food chains.
»Popeye's Chicken & Biscuits
Popeye's Bonafide Chicken and Buttermilk Biscuits are the stuff that family gatherings are made of. These are the dishes that are better enjoyed when shared. Understanding health concerns, Popeye's has a menu that whilst retaining its taste also ensures that the food prepared and served is healthy and nutritious. This originally Louisiana restaurant has breached all borders and has patrons worldwide. For any information, contact them on their toll free number 1 877 POPEYES.
»De Real Ting Cafe
Most of the time this place is like any other restaurant and serves its Jamaican variety of dishes. On weekends, however, it turns into a rocking nightclub. Fridays and Saturdays are fun with DJs playing groovy tunes or live bands performing. Their signature dishes happen to be Jerk Chicken & Fish, that are sizzling hot and of course spicy. Moreover, you'll feel comfortable with the warm customer service and the owner coming up and chopping it up with you.
»Chew Restaurant
At Chew Restaurant, an effort is made to serve great food by using quality products which are either made in-house or sourced from outside. Try the vanilla-peppercorn lobster salad along with any of the entrées and wash it down with a wine or beer of your choice. If you are not in the mood for a lavish dinner, choose from the sandwiches section with a choice of side salad or potato chips.
Earlier called Club 618, this vibrant venue is a city hot spot always rocking for action. The plush red lounge with huge, decorative paper lanterns hanging from the ceiling, has lived up to the name and fame of Club 618; rather it's become better and more spacious. The patio serves as a dancing spot in the nightclub and live music is always playing in the background. Check out the place especially on weekends, as there are live, entertaining events happening here.
»Tower Cafe
Jazz it up with breakfast or lunch at this charming downtown café in the Bank of America Tower. An in-house bakery adds mouthwatering aromas to the air. The café proudly displays posters and artwork relating to the city's annual Jacksonville Jazz Festival. For breakfast, choose from eggs and ham, bacon or sausage stuffed into a warm pita. For lunch, enjoy a varied menu, which includes low-fat, low-cholesterol choices like the baked breast of chicken sandwich, hummus, tabbouleh sandwiches and pasta primavera.
Located in the luxurious Omni Hotel Jacksonville in the heart of downtown, elegant cuisine is served all day long including breakfast, brunch, lunch, and dinner. With an upscale, but casual ambiance, prices are moderate. There is a European bistro feeling, with rich woods and crisp linens. American and Italian dishes prevail. Pasta, seafood, chicken or steak is masterfully prepared. Filet mignon is topped with a tri-color peppercorn demi-glace, and there is a grilled catch-of-the-day. A full bar is available, along with a selection of vintage wines.


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Xavier University
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W Basketball - Siena - 03/22/2015
Women's Basketball | 03/22/2015FREE | WATCH
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W Basketball - St. John's - 03/01/2015
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Women's Tennis Cruises To Victory Over Providence, 7-0
W. Tennis | 03/28/2015
The women's tennis team shut out the Friars of Providence, 7-0, Saturday evening. This is the fifth time this season that the Musketeers swept their...
Baseball Drops Game Two of Series to NKU
Baseball | 03/28/2015
Adam Hall pitched five innings of one-run ball in a solid start for Xavier, but the bullpen couldn't hold an early lead as NKU used two big innings to...
Men's Tennis Falls to Western Michigan
M. Tennis | 03/30/2015
Men's tennis fell short Mar. 28th, dropping their match to a talented Western Michigan squad, 4-3.
Ward Tied for Seventh, Xavier 13th After Day Two at FAU Slomin Autism Invite
M. Golf | 03/28/2015
Korey Ward tied for a team-high with a day two 73 and is tied for seventh overall as an individual after two rounds at the FAU Slomin Autism Invite.
Musketeers Wrap Up Oliver Nikoloff Invitational
Track | 03/28/2015
The Xavier track and field teams wrapped up Oliver Nikoloff Invitational action on Saturday afternoon at the University of Cincinnati. The squads...
Men's Tennis To Host Western Michigan, Saturday
M. Tennis | 03/28/2015
Men's tennis will host its match against Western Michigan, originally scheduled for March 29th, Saturday March 28th.
Men's Golf Tied for Third After Round One of FAU Slomin Autism Invite
M. Golf | 03/28/2015
After waiting a day to get started with the FAU Slomin Autism Invite, the Xavier men's golf team put together a strong performance in the first round,...
Baseball Drops Home Opener, 7-4, to Northern Kentucky
Baseball | 03/27/2015
Xavier baseball dropped its home opener to Northern Kentucky, 7-4, on Friday afternoon at Hayden Field. The Musketeers move to 8-17 on the year.
Xavier's Tournament Run Ends Against No. 2 Seed Arizona, 68-60
M. Basketball | 03/27/2015
Matt Stainbrook closed out a NCAA Tournament run to remember, dropping a double-double of 17 points and 10 rebounds in his final collegiate game as...
Social Media Recap: Xavier vs. Arizona
M. Basketball | 03/27/2015
A collection of the best social media posts from Thursday's game vs. Arizona. The Musketeers were defeated, 68-60, in the NCAA Sweet !6.


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21 Easy Sewing Projects: DIY Designs and Sewing Craft Ideas
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Marbled Silk Hair Bands
By: Lorine Mason
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Add color to plain hair bands with strips of marbled silk fabric. Lorine Mason demonstrates how with this easy sewing tutorial.
- Scraps of marbled silk fabric
- Fabric covered hair band - dollar store variety works great
- Yoyo maker - Small /optional
- Sewing machine and basic sewing supplies
- Cut a strip of silk fabric 2 inches x 30 inches wide.
- With right sides together, sew down the length of the strip using a 1/2 inch seam.
- Turn right side out using a safety pin attached to one end.
- Press the fabric tube with the seam centered.
- Fold each of the ends of the fabric tube back into itself, approximately 1/2 inch, and press.
- Insert the hair band into the fabric tube, bringing the end of the hair band to rest against the inside edge of the fabric tube.
- Using a needle and thread, stitch the end of the fabric tube closed, catching the hair band fabric in the stitches.
- Distribute the gathers of the fabric tube over the hair band and repeat stitching the opposite end closed.
- Follow the manufacturer's directions to create a yoyo using the silk fabric and attach to the side of the hair band using a needle and thread.
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An earnings growth rate of 22% is NOT worth a multiple of 45x. A good report but not at this stock price.
Another genius... read the report... almost as good as that cheesecake.... mmmmmmmmm good !!!
Same as the cheescake, TOO EXPENSIVE. and bad for your health and wealth!
Stupid! CAKE is trading up AH and you are dumb enough to say it is not good enough.A good stock is a stock which goes up after you bought it.Good enough to me!!!!!!!!!


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Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Crown seeks 18 months for drunk-driving crash that caused injuries
The Crown is seeking 18 months in jail for a Winnipeg man involved in a high-speed drunk-driving crash that seriously injured him and two friends.
Shane Dranez pleaded not guilty at the start of his trial, claiming the Crown couldn't prove he was behind the wheel at the time of the June 2009 incident. But Queen's Bench Justice Lori Spivak disagreed, ruling late last year Dranez was guilty of several charges, including driving impaired causing bodily harm, driving over the legal limit and driving while disqualified.
Dranez returned to court Friday for sentencing, where the Crown said a substantial period behind bars is needed to send the message society condemns such crime. Dranez is seeking just 12 months in custody. Spivak has reserved her decision until next month.
There were several key pieces of evidence against Dranez, including testimony from his two friends, who said he was responsible. The two men suffered injuries to their ribs, chest and arms and had to crawl out the windows of the crumpled 1996 Chevrolet Camaro, court was told. Both were wearing seatbelts and denied being the driver.
Police also found shoes belonging to Dranez at the pedals of the vehicle, along with a barefoot Dranez nearly 30 metres away after being ejected upon the car's impact with a power pole. He was not buckled in and was fortunate to escape grave injuries.
Police experts said Dranez was likely travelling up to 140 kilometres per hour at the time of the crash on King Edward Street. Blood taken from the scene and later analyzed shows Dranez's blood-alcohol level was nearly triple the legal limit.
He is expected to be sentenced in March. He remains free on bail.
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition March 9, 2013 B5
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06Water Slides, Plane Wings and Danny MacAskill: This is Road Cycling Like Never Before...
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Cape Sessions_2010 EPS 5 KEVIN LANGEREE
A Kitesurfing video by nickhoedeman - 7,041 views
Cape Sessions is an online Kiteboarding series about the life of Kevin Langeree (world champion freestyle) In 2009 we have seen how Kevin prepared himself in Cape Town to win the World title. This year (2010) we will make 5 new episodes about his life in and around the Cape!
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Latest News
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Outermost Radio: The Film
The April 17th world premiere of Outermost Radio is sold out! We will post upcoming locations and show times when the film rolls out into theaters. We will also include news and reviews as Outermost Radio makes the film festival circuit.
In the meantime, you can view the Outermost Radio official trailer and purchase film merchandise – of which a portion of the proceeds support WOMR – here: http://www.outermostradiothefilm.com
Stay tuned for updates and be sure to follow Outermost Radio on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/outermostradiothefilm and on Twitter and Instagram: @OMRthefilm
Outermost Radio The Film – Trailer from Parallax Productions on Vimeo.
Denya LeVine
Denya LeVine has been in love with radio since she was a small child.
She has never owned a TV. A traditional fiddler and singer, her specialties are playing multi-cultural folk music and entertaining at nursing homes. She's been a WOMR DJ since 1985. Her programs feature Celtic women's voices and the blending of Celtic and world music. Denya is honored to be a member of the WOMR family. Denya is one of three alternating hosts of The Fiddle and The Harp on Monday nights from 5 to 8 PM.
You can learn more at Denya.us.< All DJs


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President Obama proclaims February National African American History MontFebruary 12, 2013 // 0 Comments
Milwaukee Alderman Joe Davis, Sr. joins President Barack Obama in calling on Americans to honor civil rights leaders "who came before by striving toward their example," as the U.S. celebrates February as National African American History Month.
The President issued a proclamation this week in recognition of the annual observation of National African American History Month, and called upon public officials, educators, librarians and Americans in general to observe the occasion with appropriate programs, ceremonies and activities. Alderman Davis said it is just one of many contributions that the President has made to the African American community.
"After his historic, inspiring second inauguration on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, I'm very pleased to see the President come forward with this initiative," Alderman Davis said. "With the challenges that our country has endured in recent years, and the many trials we have yet to face, it's encouraging to see President Obama continue to lead with the kind of optimism and hope it takes to pursue real change."
Alderman Davis added that local groups that would like a commemorative copy of the President's proclamation can email firstname.lastname@example.com to receive one within four to six weeks. Information about how the White House and the Obama Administration will celebrate National African American History Month, with events highlighting the 150th Anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation and 50th Anniversary of the March on Washington, is available at www.whitehouse.gov and www.whitehouse.gov/africanamericans.
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Anesthesiologist (pain control), Internist
30 years of experience
Video profile
Accepting new patients
30 years of experience
Video profile
Accepting new patients
University District
1959 Ne Pacific St
Seattle, WA 98195 Phone number & directions
1959 Ne Pacific St
Seattle, WA 98195 Phone number & directions
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Gail Van Norman:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
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Patient Reviews
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Specialties & Research
Dr. Gail Van Norman, MD is board certified in Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine.
Education & Awards
Dr. Van Norman graduated from University of Washington, Seattle. She has 1 awards.
Dr. Van Norman has 4 hospital affiliations:
- Providence General Medical Center
- University Of Washington Medical Ctr
- German
- English
Home > Find an Anesthesiologist > WA > Seattle Anesthesiologists > Dr. Gail Van Norman, MD
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- Additional Information
- Dr. Gail A Van Norman MD is a female Anesthesiologist, has 30 years of experience and practices in Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine.
- Where does Dr. Gail A. Van Norman practice?
- Dr. Gail Van Norman has 1 office location.
Dr. Gail Van Norman practices Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine near Seattle, WA.
See Seattle Anesthesiologists and Seattle Internists.


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Pac-12: Syracuse Orangemen
Pac-12 ultimate road trip: Week 2
Week 2
Friday Sept. 7
- Utah at Utah State
- Washington at LSU
- E. Washington at Washington State
- Sacramento State at Colorado
- Southern Utah at Cal
- USC at Syracuse
- Wisconsin at Oregon State
- Fresno State at Oregon
- Nebraska at UCLA
- Duke at Stanford
- Illinois at Arizona State
- Oklahoma State at Arizona
Why: After watching WSU's Jeff Tuel throw for 484 yards and four touchdowns against BYU last week, we shift our focus to defense and the Washington at LSU game. One team has arguably the best defense in the country, the other has a defense that is fighting to overturn its reputation from last season.
But the real question in this game is can the Huskies move the ball against an LSU defense that is loaded from front to back.
Keith Price, who didn't do anything to hurt his Heisman chances last week against San Diego State, now faces the stingiest defense of his career. This game probably won't break his Heisman campaign, but it can go a very long way toward making it.
The X factor is that Price is as good of a dual threat quarterback as the LSU is going to see all season. He was finally healthy in the Alamo Bowl and showed what he can do with his legs. And while Chris Polk was certainly a workhorse back, the by-committee approach might work to Washington's favor to keep fresh legs going against a ridiculously talented defensive front, headlined by Sam Montgomery and Barkevious Mingo. Washington's offensive line issues are certainly a concern going against this group and any weaknesses will be exploited.
Washington's best mismatch is tight end Austin Seferian-Jenkins. If LSU commits a spy linebacker or safety to Price, ASJ could have some success over the middle with single coverage.
There are a couple of other intriguing matchups in Week 2: Illinois at ASU is a big one and there are a couple of traditional powers on the docket with Wisconsin and Nebraska. But UW's game is the most important for the conference. And while Washington will be considerable road underdogs, every Pac-12 fan should be pulling for the Huskies in this one. Plus, an upset win would be a great way to keep SEC trolls at bay.
Take 2: Pac-12 games we can't wait for
Ted Miller: I like measuring-stick games, games that perhaps reveal the talent and heart of a team, as well as, of course, where they rank in the Pac-12 pecking order. We have a perfect example Sept. 27 (a Thursday) in Seattle: Stanford's visit to Washington, which will be played in CenturyLink Field, the Seahawks' stadium.
For Stanford, this is about announcing the program's health in the post-Andrew Luck Era. Beating the Huskies on the road likely would re-establish the Cardinal as a top-25 team, where, based on the schedule, they could remain all season.
But, really, the weight falls more heavily on Washington. Why? For one, Stanford has beaten the Huskies four games in a row. But that's not the biggest issue. It's not even that the three most recent games have been blowouts. It's the nature of those blowouts. Stanford has unmanned Washington during that winning streak. Huskies fans, cover your eyes. You don't want to read this. Stanford has averaged 322 yards rushing in those four victories. 322! Last year, the Cardinal set a school record with 446 yards rushing in a 65-21 victory. The Cardinal only had 278 in 2010, but, of course, the final count was 41-zip. At Husky Stadium!
It hurts to lose no matter what. And it hurts to get blown out. But for a football team to get physically manhandled ... that's humiliation. It's hard to describe the recent turn in this series any other way. The Huskies' pride is on the line. New defensive coordinator Justin Wilcox was brought in to make sure no opponent rushes for 322 yards against Washington. It will be interesting to see if he can deliver in this early conference test. Or if post-Luck Stanford keeps churning along, winning with character and cruelty.
Kevin Gemmell: I too enjoy a good measuring-stick game -- and I don't think there is a bigger one early in the season than USC's trip to Utah on Oct. 4. First, it's a Thursday night game, which means a national TV audience. It's at Rice-Eccles Stadium -- one of my favorite venues -- and the place should be going crazy.
In terms of measuring-stick games, there is none bigger on the 2012 schedule than this one for Utah -- which is desperate to find its way into the conversation as one of the Pac-12's elite. A victory over the Trojans -- who presumably will be one of the top-ranked teams in the country (if not No. 1) on Oct. 4 -- would go a long way toward achieving that.
Both teams will be coming off a bye week, so there is a good chance they will be rested and healthy. But the Trojans have the tougher road through the first four weeks. USC will have been put through the meat grinder against two top-rated defenses in Stanford and Cal before their bye. Then they come to Salt Lake City against -- arguably -- the best defensive front in the conference.
That makes this a pretty significant measuring-stick game for the Trojans, too. Three consecutive wins over three of the top front-sevens in the Pac-12 will likely answer any questions about the Trojans' toughness. By the way, they're on the road again the following week at Washington. This is just step three in an awfully difficult four-game stretch.
USC has the stronger offense -- even Utah fans won't dispute what the Trojans bring to the table with Matt Barkley and Co.-- but Utah's defensive line is as good as it gets. And one cannot throw the ball if one's face is buried in the turf.
This projects to be a brutal, physical game with the winner taking decisive command of the Pac-12 South.
A victory for Utah would catapult the Utes into conference legitimacy and mark that they have arrived. A USC victory re-affirms its status as the team to beat in the South and will likely leave the rest of us licking our chops for Nov. 3.
Pac-10 Week 2: Did you know?
- Five Pac-10 players accounted for at least three TDs last weekend: California's Shane Vereen, Oregon's Kenjon Barner (5 TDs), USC Ronald Johnson (4 TDs), Arizona State's Deantre Lewis and Arizona State's Cameron Marshall.
- Three Pac-10 QBs rank among the nation's top seven in passing efficiency: Stanford's Andrew Luck at No. 3, USC's Matt Barkley at No. 4 and California's Kevin Riley at No. 7.
- Seven different Arizona receivers caught at least three passes last week at Toledo.
- Arizona State kicker Thomas Weber is 3 for 3 from beyond 50 yards in his career after booting a 52-yard field goal vs. Portland State. He was one of three conference kickers to connect from beyond 50 yards (Washington's Erik Folk, 54 yards, and Washington State's Nico Grasu, 56 yards).
- Cal is 2-2 all-time with Colorado, but this is its first meeting since 1982.
- Oregon is one of eight teams nationally that produced shutouts last weekend.
- Ducks CB Cliff Harris returned two punts for TDs -- for 61 and 64 yards -- in the win over New Mexico. Two punt returns for TDs has only been accomplished twice before by Pac-10 players: USC's Mike Garrett in 1965 vs. Cal; UCLA's Sam Brown in 1954 vs.Stanford.
- Oregon State safety Lance Mitchell leads the conference in tackles after recording 18 vs. TCU. Fellow safety Suaesi Tuimaunei is tied for third with 14.
- UCLA leads its series with Stanford 45-32-3.
- UCLA kicker Kai Forbath tied two NCAA records after going 3 for 3 vs. Kansas State. His 27 games with at least two field goals ties Georgia's Kevin Butler and his 13 with at least three ties Arizona State's Luis Zendejas. Forbath has made 40 consecutive field goals inside of 50 yards. His 75 career field goals are just 12 short of the NCAA record of 87.
- USC has won 31 consecutive night games (USC-Oregon kicked off at 5 p.m. last year).
- Washington QB Jake Locker made his college debut as a redshirt freshman at Syracuse in 2007. The Huskies won 42-12.
- Dating back to the last part of the 1975 season, the Huskies have gone 35-14 when playing at home the game after a loss on the road.
- Washington State is trying to snap a 10-game losing streak Saturday vs. Montana State. The Cougars are 6-0 all-time vs. the Bobcats.
USC vs. SEC: Not happening anytime soon
Posted by ESPN.com's Ted Miller
Just imagine: It's the first Saturday in September, and USC is standing in "The Swamp" eyeballing the Florida Gators.
Does that sound like something you'd be interested in? Is that a game you'd clear your calendar for?
Or what about LSU swaggering into the Coliseum?
Goose bumps. Let's settle that 2003 grudge once and for all.
Is there anything college football needs more -- other than a playoff -- than a USC regular-season matchup with an elite SEC team?
The answer is no.
And the likelihood of it happening anytime soon is practically nil, at least outside of a national championship game.
The earliest it could happen, according to USC's senior associate athletic director, Steve Lopes -- the man charged with the Trojans' football scheduling -- is 2015.
Again, nuts.
Oh, there have been conversations, but nothing went very far. And because scheduling is sensitive and complicated, no one wanted to talk on the record about specific potential matchups that fell by the wayside.
"We've talked to a lot, if not all, of the SEC schools about playing in the future," Lopes said. "I can't get into who said yes and who said no, but we have conversations with a lot of schools. Scheduling is a hard thing because sometimes you want to play each other but it doesn't work out from a timing standpoint."
USC is 4-0 vs. the SEC under coach Pete Carroll. The Trojans outscored Auburn and Arkansas 167-38 in those home-and-home matchups, including a 23-zip win at then-No. 6 Auburn in 2003 and a 50-14 bludgeoning of the eventual SEC West Division champion Razorbacks in 2006.
Out on the West Coast, folks believe that has a lot to do with the lack of an SEC-USC game.
What's also disappointing is the Trojans' future nonconference schedules don't feature a marquee matchup similar to the series with Ohio State, which concludes Sept. 12 in Columbus.
2010: at Hawaii, Virginia, at Minnesota
2011: Minnesota, Syracuse
2012: Hawaii, at Syracuse
2013: at Hawaii, Boston College
Of course, the Trojans do play Notre Dame every year.
And it's not like USC isn't willing to work with folks who put games together.
"They are a football scheduler's dream," said Dave Brown, ESPN's Vice President, Programming & Acquisitions. "They are one of the rare schools that continues to play all of their nonconference games -- in most years -- against BCS teams ... If everybody did it that way, it would certainly be a lot easier for us to schedule games."
So maybe we should just starting angling for 2015?


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The police have arrested six more youths on the charge of killing R. Praburaj, 23, during a clash between two gangs at Kunduparamba here last month.
Those arrested were T. Sanu, 21; S. Subin, 20; S. Bijulal, 22 (all from Tadangattuvayal); Nikilraj, 20, and Vaisak, 21(both from Kaipurathupalam); and Sangeeth, 20, Kunduparamba.
As many as 28 persons have either been arrested or remanded in judicial custody so far, said K.B. Venugopal, Deputy Commissioner of Police, Kozhikode city.
The case related to Praburaj of Kattuvayal Colony, Nadakkavu, being hacked to death during clashes between hostile gangs around 8 p.m. on September 8.
His friend, Thariq, 23, of Arakkinar, had sustained serious injuries on the head and neck in the violence.
The murder of Praburaj was the result of a rivalry between two karate-kickboxing clubs in the city.
Cases had been filed against at least 40 persons.


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Adwords specialist to guide me on set up and campaign watch
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Job Description
Hi I am setting up Adwords campaigns for my e-store.
Need someone who has done Adwords campaigns for clients for at least 2 years to answer my questions and give consultation when the need arise.
Am also taking the time to read up on Adwords professional exams.
Other open jobs by this client
- Hourly – Website Content writing


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Krazy Cups
The current version of this description is at Krazy Cups.A kiddie version of a standard tea cup ride.
Must be 36" min. to ride, 54" max. -- Last edited by James Rao on June 11, 2010
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