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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Virtual world Virtual world The computer accesses a computer-simulated world and presents perceptual stimuli to the user, who in turn can manipulate elements of the modeled world and thus experiences telepresence to a certain degree.[1] Such modeled worlds may appear similar to the real world or instead depict fantasy worlds. The model world may simulate rules based on the real world or some hybrid fantasy world. Example rules are gravity, topography, locomotion, real-time actions, and communication. Communication between users has ranged from text, graphical icons, visual gesture, sound, and rarely, forms using touch, voice command, and balance senses. Massively multiplayer online games commonly depict a world very similar to the real world, with real world rules and real-time actions, and communication. Communication is usually textual, with real-time voice communication using VOIP also possible. Virtual worlds are not limited to games but, depending on the degree of immediacy presented, can encompass computer conferencing and text based chatrooms. Sometimes, emoticons or 'smilies' are available, to show feeling or facial expression. Emoticons often have a keyboard shortcut. [2] Edward Castronova is an economist who has argued that "synthetic worlds" is a better term for these cyberspaces. industry but drawing on similar inspiration.[4] While classic sensory-imitating virtual reality relies on tricking the perceptual system into experiencing an immersive environment, virtual worlds typically rely on mentally and emotionally engaging content which gives rise to an immersive experience. Maze War (also known as The Maze Game, Maze Wars or simply Maze) was the first networked, 3D multi-user first person shooter game. Maze first brought us the concept of online players as eyeball "avatars" chasing each other around in a maze." (http://www.digibarn.com/history/ 04-VCF7-MazeWar/index.html, 29th Feb). According to the website this was in 1974, it was played on Arpanet (the initial internet), however it could only be played on an Imlac, as it was specifically built for this type of computer. Then in 1978 MUD was released, it however was not 3D, it was text-based and used a TELNET program, by following the link you will be able to play the game, and understand just how far virtual worlds have come since http://www.british-legends.com/. You can understandably argue whether or not this is a "virtual world" and that Maze War was more sophisticated (being 3D), but you must understand that MUD could be played by anyone, Maze War was computer specific. Perhaps in today's senses it is not a true virtual world, but the idea of a virtual world in those days were different (see Neuromancer link in bibliography for more information). Some early prototypes were WorldsAway, a prototype interactive communities featuring a virtual world by CompuServe called Dreamscape, Cityspace, an educational networking and 3D computer graphics project for children, and The Palace, a 2-dimensional community driven virtual world. However, credit for the first online virtual world usually goes to Habitat, developed in 1987 by LucasFilm Games for the Commodore 64 computer, and running on the Quantum Link service (the precursor to America Online). In 1996, the city of Helsinki, Finland with Helsinki Telephone Company (since Elisa History The concept of virtual worlds predates computers and could be traced in some sense to Pliny.[3] The mechanical-based 1962 Sensorama machine used the senses of vision, sound, balance, smells and touch (via wind) to simulate its world. Among the earliest virtual worlds to be implemented by computers were not games but generic virtual reality simulators, such as Ivan Sutherland's 1968 virtual reality device. This form of virtual reality is characterized by bulky headsets and other types of sensory input simulation. Contemporary virtual worlds, multi-user online virtual environments, emerged mostly independently of this virtual reality technology research, fueled instead by the gaming 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Group) launched what was called the first online virtual 3D depiction intended to map an entire city. The Virtual Helsinki project was eventually renamed Helsinki Arena 2000 project and parts of the city in modern and historical context were rendered in 3D. The first virtual worlds presented on the Internet were communities and chat rooms, some of which evolved into MUDs and MUSHes. MUDs, short for "Multi User Dungeons," are examples of virtual worlds that consist of virtual space inhabited by representations of data and other users [5]. Early virtual worlds were text-based, offering limited graphical representation, and often using a Command Line Interface. Virtual world geocaching of "easter eggs" on WikiMapia or similar mashups, where permitted. Boundaries Virtual worlds are well-known as being fantasy spaces sealed off from the real world, but more careful analysis reveals that the boundaries between the real and virtual worlds are quite porous. Participants constantly arrive and depart from the world, carrying with them their unique set of behavioral assumptions and attitudes that cannot be disentangled from their interactions in the virtual world.[4] For example, in virtual worlds which bring together players from multiple cultural backgrounds, a participant in a virtual world brings their own cultural preconceptions about those other cultures across the boundary into the world while playing. The term magic circle has been used to describe the imaginary barrier between the virtual world and the real world. The fantasy environment of the virtual world is protected from the intrusion of real life by this magic circle, but practices such as the sale of virtual items and virtual currency for real life currency challenges this separation while reinforcing the notion that objects in the virtual world have real life value. In a 2001 study by Edward Castronova, the value of the currency in the MMORPG Everquest was evaluated based on its exchange rate at USD 0.0107, making this unit of virtual currency of higher value than the Yen or the Lira.[6] Virtual world concepts One perception of virtual worlds requires an online persistent world, active and available 24 hours a day and seven days a week, to qualify as a true virtual world. Although this is possible with smaller virtual worlds, especially those that are not actually online, no massively multiplayer game runs all day, every day. All the online games listed above include downtime for maintenance that is not included as time passing in the virtual world. While the interaction with other participants is done in real-time, time consistency is not always maintained in online virtual worlds. For example, EverQuest time passes faster than real-time despite using the same calendar and time units to present game time. As virtual world is a fairly vague and inclusive term, the above can generally be divided along a spectrum ranging from: • massively multiplayer online role-playing games or MMORPGs where the user playing a specific character is a main feature of the game (World Of Warcraft for example). • massively multiplayer online real-life/ rogue-like games or MMORLGs, the user can edit and alter their avatar at will, allowing them to play a more dynamic role, or multiple roles. Some would argue that the MMO versions of RTS and FPS games are also virtual worlds if the world editors allow for open editing of the terrains if the "source file" for the terrain is shared. Emerging concepts include basing the terrain of such games on real satellite photos, such as those available through the Google Maps API or through a simple virtual Social Even though Virtual Worlds are often seen as 3D Games, there are many different kinds: forums, blogs, wikis and chatrooms where communities are born. Places which have their own world, their own rules, topics, jokes, members, etc... Each person who belongs to these kinds of communities can find like-minded people to talk to, whether this be a passion, the wish to share information about or just to meet new people and experience new things. Some users develop a double personality depending on which world they are interacting with. Depending on whether that person is in the real or virtual world can impact on the way they think and act. It is not all about video games and communities, virtual world also plays a part in the social as it can allow people to speak or 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia share knowledge with each other. Best examples are instant messaging and visio-conferences which allow people to create their own virtual world. It can also be used to help hospitalised children (suffering from painful diseases or autism for example) to create a comfortable and safe environment which can expand their narrowed horizons, enable them to experience and act beyond the restrictions of their illness and help to relieve stress. Disabled or chronically invalided people of any age can also benefit enormously from experiencing the mental and emotional freedom gained by temporarily leaving their disabilities behind and doing, through the medium of their avatars, things as simple and potentially accessible to able, healthy people as walking, running, dancing, sailing, fishing, swimming, surfing, flying, skiing, gardening, exploring and other physical activities which their illnesses or disabilities prevent them from doing in real life. They may also be able to socialise, form friendships and relationships much more easily and avoid the stigma and other obstacles which would normally be attached to their disabilities. This can be much more constructive, emotionally satisfying and mentally fulfilling than passive pastimes such as television watching, playing computer games, reading or more conventional types of internet use. Virtual world goods. Virtual economies like that of Second Life, however, are almost entirely player-produced with very little link to in-game needs. The value of objects in a virtual economy is usually linked to their usefulness and the difficulty of obtaining them. The investment of real world resources (time, membership fees, etc) in acquisition of wealth in a virtual economy may contribute to the real world value of virtual objects.[4] This real world value is made obvious by the trade of virtual items on online market sites like eBay. Recent legal disputes also acknowledge the value of virtual property, even overriding the mandatory EULA which many software companies use to establish that virtual property has no value and/or that users of the virtual world have no legal claim to property therein[7]. Some industry analysts have moreover observed that there is a secondary industry growing behind the virtual worlds, made up by social networks, websites and other projects completely devoted to virtual worlds communities and gamers. Special websites as GamerDNA, Koinup and others which serve as social networks for virtual worlds users are facing some crucial issue as the DataPortability of avatars across many virtual worlds and MMORPGs. [8] Furthermore, economical actors are interested by virtual world like 3D video games, instant messaging, search engines and blogs because these are places where they can display targeted advertising, adapted to the people who will see it. Projects about coming video games planned to include advertisements inside the 3D environment. Economy A virtual economy is the emergent property of the interaction between participants in a virtual world. While the designers have a great deal of control over the economy by the encoded mechanics of trade, it is nonetheless the actions of players that define the economic conditions of a virtual world. The economy arises as a result of the choices that players make under the scarcity of real and virtual resources such as time or currency.[4] Participants have a limited time in the virtual world, as in the real world, which they must divide between task such as collecting resources, practicing trade skills, or engaging in less productive fun play. The choices they make in their interaction with the virtual world, along with the mechanics of trade and wealth acquisition, dictate the relative values of items in the economy. The economy in virtual worlds is typically driven by in-game needs such as equipment, food, or trade Research The number of people using virtual worlds is increasing at a rate of 15% every month and this growth does not appear to be stopping or slowing down anytime soon. (Hof, 2006d; Gartner, 2007 cited by Bray and Konsynski 2007). This is the same with research being carried out in virtual worlds. It is an ever increasing way for business and governments to use the resources to gather and collate information for their use. Research for information systems purposes is being carried out in virtual worlds for the look in open sourcing, providing tools without the need for sponsorship of corporate businesses. It provides a look into the virtual world creation and how 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia it is able to spread itself around the internet for different people from different countries to interact and provide information. It provides an insight how people find the information and how that information is being used by different people. Governments are also beginning to interact in virtual worlds and are a discussion point for some in terms of governance and law. Virtual world is neither public nor private owned. It is the people interacting in it that make the world. Governments research into the use of virtual worlds by people as some have virtual property, amounting to a second life online in another world. This is where governments have to look into if it is viable or even feasible for them to tax those with a second life to govern them with taxes and laws. Research in psychology has also been proposed and conducted in virtual worlds with key focus of the use of the innovative platform. Bloomfield (2007)[9] has suggested that virtual worlds may be useful for examining human behaviour and traditional internetworld constructs (alongside other fields). For example, Doodson (2009)[10][11] reported that offline- and virtual-world personality are significantly differ from each other but are still significantly related which has a number of implications for Self-verification, Self-enhancement and other personality theories. Similarly, panic and agoraphobia have also been studied in a virtual world [12] Virtual world is a relatively new technology. Before companies would use an advertising company to promote their products. With the introduction of the prospect of commercial success within a Virtual World, companies can reduce cost and time constraints by keeping this "inhouse". An obvious advantage is that it will reduce any costs and restrictions that could come into play in the real world. Using virtual worlds gives companies the opportunity to gauge customer reaction and receive feedback. Feedback can be crucial to the development of a project as it will inform the creators exactly what users want. Using virtual worlds as a tool allows companies to test user reaction and give them feedback on products. This can be crucial as it will give the companies an insight as to what the market and customers want from new products, which can give them a competitive edge. Competitive edge is crucial in the ruthless world that is today's business. Another use of virtual worlds in business is where you can create a gathering place. Many businesses can now be involved in business-to-business commercial activity and will create a specific area within a virtual world to carry out their business. Within this space all relevant information can be held. This can be useful for a variety of reasons. You can conduct business with companies on the other side of the world, so there are no geographical limitations, it can increase company productivity. Knowing that there is an area where help is on hand can aid the employees. Sun Microsystems have created an island in second life dedicated for the sole use of their employees. This is a place where people can go and seek help, exchange new ideas or to advertise a new product. According to trade media company Virtual Worlds Management,[13] commercial investments in the "virtual worlds" sector were in excess of USD 425 million in Q4 2007,[14] and totaled USD 184 million in Q1 2008.[15] However, the selection process for defining a "virtual worlds" company in this context has been challenged by one industry blog.[16] Commercial As businesses compete in the real world, they also compete in virtual worlds. As there has been an increase in the buying and selling of products online (e-commerce) this twinned with he rise in the popularity of the internet, has forced businesses to adjust to accommodate the new market. Many companies and organizations now incorporate virtual worlds as a new form of advertising. There are many advantages to using these methods of commercialization. An example of this would be Apple creating an online store within "Second Life". This allows the users to browse the latest and innovative products. You cannot actually purchase a product but having these "virtual stores" is a way of accessing a different clientèle and customer demographic. The use of advertising within "virtual worlds" is a relatively new idea. This is because Virtual Worlds E-commerce (legal) The legal part of "virtual worlds" in business will be focused on "selling goods" by a virtual interface (on-line shopping, on the Internet) and consumer rights. Goods can be anything except money. 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The customer will access (usually via Internet) the shop : this is called E-commerce. The website has an obligation to show the state of business, the postal address (proof of geographical location) and a way to contact them directly (phone or email address). The website does not have to show the price of sold product. If prices are shown, then they must be displayed clearly, The differences between the product price with taxes and delivery costs must also be clear. The goods are usually displayed thanks to one/many pictures, in which the seller should specify "Caveat Emptor", which signifies in Latin "Buyer Beware". That means the buyer might not receive exactly the same product that is displayed on the picture. The sold goods must be presented with a minimum of extra information: full reference, maker (if different from the seller), technical information. The accepted payment modes should be displayed before the subscription/ registration. Concerning delivery, information cannot be sent by another way than the website itself. After the transaction is complete, it is the responsibility of the seller to achieve delivery correctly. The full details must be displayed: including extra charges for customer (in case off-country delivery, unusual weight). The delay must be precise (it cannot be exact, so give an idea, i.e. "one week"). No modification about the delay, price or delivery mode can be made after concluding the contract. The contract is defined by the terms and conditions. The customer can not buy the goods without accepting it; Unfortunately, it is often written in really small print and not really easy to read. These terms and conditions define the customer rights, for example these to cancel contract. Cancelling the contract: The customer has the right to cancel a contract concluded online by giving written-notice to the seller. The customer has seven days after the day when he receives goods. The customer can simply change his mind, so is allowed to cancel without justification. As stated above, there are laws governing the purchasing and selling of products within a e-commerce environment. When it comes to virtual worlds, such as Second Life then there are no laws which you have to abide by. In some ways this can be seen as a positive thing, it gives users complete freedom to carry out their business or pleasure Virtual world activities, with the knowledge that there are no repercussions. On the other hand there are downsides of course, people have moral, social and ethical responsibilities to other users. Whether this is keeping information up to date, or avoiding fraud. Even with these basic responsibilities to others, some people may take advantage of a situation such as this. The lax rules surrounding taxation and ecommerce regulations on the popular game Second Life can be both a blessing and a curse. As seen in the example of Ginko Financial, a bank system featured in Second Life where avatars could deposit their real life currency after converted to Linden Dollars for a profit. When in July 2007 residents of Second Life crowded around the ATM's in an unsuccessful attempt to withdraw their money. After a few days the ATM's along with the banks dissapeared altogether. Around $700,000 in real world money was reported missing from residents in Second Life. An investigation was launched but nothing substantial ever came of finding and punishing the avatar known as Nicholas Portacarrero who was the head of Ginko Financial.[17] Single-player games Some single-player games contain virtual worlds populated by non-player characters (NPC ). Many of these allow you to save the current state of this world instance to allow stopping and restarting the virtual world at a later date. (This can be done with some multiplayer environments as well.) The virtual worlds found in video games are often split into discrete levels. Education Virtual worlds represent a powerful new media for instruction and education. Persistence allows for continuing and growing social interactions, which themselves can serve as a basis for collaborative education. The use of virtual worlds can give teachers the opportunity to have a greater level of student participation. It allows users to be able to carry out tasks that could be difficult in the real world due to constraints and restrictions, such as cost, scheduling or location. Virtual worlds have the capability to adapt and grow to different user needs, for example, classroom teachers are able to use virtual 5 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia worlds in their classroom leveraging their interactive whiteboard with the open source project Edusim. They can be a good source of user feedback, the typical paper-based resources have limitations that Virtual Worlds can overcome. Virtual worlds allow users with specific needs and requirements to be able to access and use the same learning materials from home, as they would be receiving if they were in the presentation. This can help users to keep up to date with the relevant information and needs while also feeling as though involved. Having the option to be able to attend a presentation via a virtual world from home or from their workplace, can help the user to be more at ease and comfortable. The flexibility of virtual worlds have greatly improved the options for student study and business collaboration. Although virtual worlds are a good way of communicating and interacting between students and teachers, this is not a substitute for actual face-to-face meetings. When using virtual worlds, there are the downsides in that you lose the body language and other more personal aspects. As shown in a study in (Chris Evans, Jing Ping Fan, Lifelong learning through the Virtual University) that a majority of students have rejected the idea of a completely virtual mode of study. In April 1999, Numedeon Incorporated launched Whyville as the first virtual world explicitly designed to engage young students in a wide range of educational activities. With a player base of over 3 million.[18] Whyville has been particularly successful in attracting young teens [19] With respect to older students,a growing number of universities and other educational institutions are exploring existing general purpose virtual world platforms as a means to extend and enhance their offerings to students. Typically, educators create an online presence where students can interact, using their avatars to learn about new assignments or create projects that are viewable within the virtual world. For example, students taking a computer manufacturing class can log into a virtual world in which they are the inhabitants of a burgeoning village that needs their expertise for the construction of houses, furniture, machines, and other goods. An example of such a program is AWEDU, a project started by Active Worlds, Inc. A number of educational institutions are now running Virtual world virtual classrooms and discussion sections in worlds like Second Life[20]. The British Open University has a strong presence in Second Life, where it is developing social and community links for students as well as practising teaching and learning. Technologies can sometimes take up to 10 years to become fully incorporated within everyday life. For virtual worlds to be accepted, then it is vital that teachers and students alike adapt to new ideas and technologies and use them to their full potential and become a useful tool in education (Yukiko Inoue, Effects of virtual reality support compared to video support in a high-school world geography class). The best idea for a more complete and wider variety in learning techniques is to integrate both paper based and technology based methods. Virtual worlds and real life Some virtual worlds have off-line, real world components and applications. Handipoints, for example, is a children's virtual world that tracks chores via customizable chore charts and lets children get involved in their household duties offline. They complete chores and use the website and virtual world to keep track of their progress and daily tasks. Training in business Virtual worlds play an important role in today's business environment through the training of employees. Since the growth of the Internet, employees have been able to learn and to follow online trainings. This is a major breakthrough and helps to overcome problems such as distance, infrastructure or appointment. There are different methods in which this can be carried out: Video Conferencing is probably the most common tool. People can stay in their office to attend a live conference or a recorded meeting. This new way of training raises some questions: Is virtual training as effective as real trainings? Are people happy with virtual training and does this method encourage people to learn? Using technologies can affect people's behaviour in many ways. First of all they can seem more interested in using virtual modes as a study method and because of this their learning satisfactions can be higher when compared to traditional classroom techniques. Despite the fact that people are not 6 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia in a face to face meeting and thus are not creating social links, the efficiency is not really affected. Actually, adults need this autonomy and need to learn by themselves with more self-direction than younger students. Virtual training has a lot of advantages compared to the traditional classroom and meetings. Thanks to the rise of the Internet people can now interact with the information through a more user-friendly environment which allows them a greater level of involvement and creativity. A large number of websites offer tutorials and the possibility to test user knowledge with interactive online tests (using multiple choice questions). Virtual training is not so different from usual training in terms of content. Thus, it is not difficult to adapt the existing course to fit with virtual tools. This of course would not only save the company time but also money (no flight, accommodation costs etc). Virtual training is becoming a more widely accepted form of training and is being used more often. One example is made by the INSR-Institute competence in the area of occupational risk prevention: protecting workers' health and safety and preventing occupational accidents or diseases. They have created a program to warn people about the chemical risk of products using interactive support. INSR used 3D environment show clearly a professional situation and involve people through this interactive support. In addition to the use of virtual training, virtual reality can also provide useful tools. One of the widest uses of this technology is maybe the use of 3D environment to allows virtual visits. The Louvre has provided such a service for the past few years: http://www.louvre.fr/llv/musee/visite_virtuelle.jsp?bmLocale=en. The concept is used by many companies and is usually divided into two purposes. The main use for a company is to provide a virtual preview of their tour. Moreover some public places allow free access to their facilities, thus allows people who cannot visit the location for real are due to personal constraints, are able to visit virtually. This allows an easy access to knowledge and it becomes a real alternative to video or picture. Due to the ease of learning brought by the spread of virtual worlds, learning may become lifelong and the curriculum is in perpetual evolution (David Davies, The virtual Virtual world university: a learning university), each employee being able to learn through virtual world, no matter where he lives or how old he is. In fiction The concept of a virtual world has become a popular fictional motif and setting in recent years, although science-fiction writers have been portraying similar ideas (for example, cyberspace) for decades. Among the most prominent virtual worlds in the literature are the ones written about by William Gibson. Virtual worlds were prominent in such movies and books as TRON, Neuromancer, The Lawnmower Man, The Lawnmower Man 2, Epic, Snow Crash, and Ghost in the Shell. There are many other examples of the virtual world; for example Lyoko in the French animated television series Code Lyoko. A popular example of a virtual world in fiction is from the movie series The Matrix, a virtual reality so realistic that the great majority of those humans plugged in think they are living in the real world and do not know that they are living in a virtual world. Series 4 of the smash hit New Zealand TV Series, The Tribe featured the birth of Reality Space and the Virtual World that was created by Ram, the computer genius leader of The Techno's. In 2009, BBC Radio 7 commissioned Planet B, set in a virtual world in which a man searches for his girlfriend, believed to be dead, but in fact still alive within the world, called "Planet B". The series is the currently the biggest ever commission for an original drama series.[21] See also • • • • • • • • • Blaxxun Emerging Virtual Institutions Metaverse Simulated reality Virtual globe Virtual reality Web3D Consortium Meta-Plastic Virtual Worlds Meta-Plastic Design Citations [1] Biocca 1995, p. 41,47 [2] Biocca 1995, p. 47 7 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Virtual world [3] Biocca 1995, p. 6-8 p25s01-lecs.html. Retrieved on [4] ^ Castronova 2005 2002-08-16. [5] Mitchell, Don. "From MUDs To Virtual [20] Sussman, Beth. "Teachers, college Worlds", Microsoft Research, March 23, students lead a Second Life", USA 1995. Accessed February 28, 2008. TODAY, August 1, 2007. Accessed [6] Castronova 2001 February 28, 2008. [7] Sinrod, Eric J. "Virtual world litigation [21] Hemley, Matthew (2008-09-30). "BBC for real", "Cnet News", June 13, 2007. radio launches major cross-station sci-fi Accessed March 6, 2008. season". The Stage. [8] Brady Forrest, O'Really Radar, http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/ December 4, 2006, "Wow and Cottage newsstory.php/21930/bbc-radioIndustries," http://radar.oreilly.com/ launches-major-cross-station-sci-fi. archives/2006/12/post-2.html/ Retrieved on 2009-03-04. [9] [1] [10] [2][3] Doodson, J. (2009). The relationship and differences between • Begault, Durand R. (1994) (pdf), 3-D physical and virtual world-personality. Sound for Virtual Reality and Multimedia, Conference paper presented at Academic Press Professional, Inc. San University of Exeter.. Diego, CA, USA, doi:10.1.1.20.8443, ISBN [11] [4] Doodson, J. (2009). The relationship 0120847353, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/ and differences between physical and viewdoc/ virtual world-personality. Undergraduate download?doi=10.1.1.20.8443&rep=rep1&type=pdf, dissertation. University of Bath.< retrieved on 2008-03-02 [12] [5] • Biocca, Frank; Mark R. Levy (1995), [13] Virtual Worlds Management - The Communication in the Age of Virtual leading virtual worlds trade media Reality, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, company. in New York ISBN 0805815503 [14] Virtual Worlds Management • Castronova, Edward (December 2001), [15] Virtual Worlds Management Virtual worlds: a first-hand account of [16] Worlds In Motion - Analysis: Virtual market and society on the cyberian Worlds And Investment, Q1 2008 frontier, CESifo Working Paper No. 618, [17] Talbot, David. "The Fleecing of the Munich: CESifo, http://papers.ssrn.com/ Avatars." Technology Review 111.1 (Jan. sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=294828, 2008): 58-62. Academic Search retrieved on 2008-03-03 Complete. EBSCO. [Georgia State • Castronova, Edward (2005), Synthetic University Library], [Atlanta], [GA]. 12 Worlds: The Business and Culture of Nov.2008<http://ezproxy.gsu.edu:2048/ Online Games, University of Chicago login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/ Press, ISBN 0-226-09626-2 login.aspx? • Castronova, Edward (2007), direct=true&db=a9h&AN=28348465&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost- Exodus to the Virtual World: How Online Fun is live&scope=site>. Changing Reality, Palgrave Macmillan, [18] James H. Burnett III (2007-05-15). "More ISBN 1-4039-8412-3 real people are leading virtual lives". The • Mennecke, Brian E. (2008), Second Life Miami Herald. http://www.weblo.com/ and other Virtual Worlds: A Roadmap for mediacenter/media/More-People-areResearch, Communications of the AIS, Leading-Virtual-Lives_Miami-Herald.pdf. Volume 20, Article 20 Retrieved on 2007-05-28. • Bartle, Richard A. (2004), Designing [19] Michelle Thaller (2002-08-16). "Whyville: virtual worlds, Indianapolis, Ind: New the place girls love to go for science". Riders Pub. The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0816/ References Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_world" Categories: Video game gameplay, Virtual reality, Persistent Worlds 8 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Virtual world This page was last modified on 20 May 2009, at 06:32 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers 9
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Project XeRa6
Credits & Info
- Date
- 03/06/2009
- File Info
- Song
- 4 min 17 sec
- Score
- 4.03 / 5.00
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Licensing Terms
- Attribution:
- You must give credit to the artist.
- Noncommercial:
- You may not use this work for commercial purposes unless you make specific arrangements with the artist.
- Share Alike:
- If you alter, transform, or build upon this image, you may distribute the resulting creation only under a license identical to this one.
- Score:
- Rated 4.03 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 11,994 Plays | 1,132 Downloads
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- Genres:
- Metal, Rock - Heavy Metal
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Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Dude, what are you using to make this wonderful music of epic proportions?!?
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Well, I have to say this feels alot like a bit of a change from the usuall material you post up, but then again it might be because of the effort you put in this one. I don't know, but either way, you nailed this song with expertise, precision and and a dose of your own personal awesome.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Good melody
A metal song that has it's rhythm and yet is not aggressive. I really like this and I hope do more songs like this one.
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
the opening riff of this is used in unfathomable cycle of life x2, in the middle part of that song the riff is like an octave lower. but not a bad useage of the same idea and still make it sound different.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
I'd even say "crzy" good, haha! XD

subset: commoncrawl


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By Jef With One F
The 10 Biggest Rockers Living in Texas
By Rocks Off
By Chris Lane
By Angelica Leicht
By Corey Deiterman
Drake Returns to Warehouse Live
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By Angelica Leicht
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If the world really wants to know, all it has to do is ask Doug Sahm, a walking encyclopedia of Texas sounds. But settle in tight before you ask, because once Sahm gets going, you're in for a hell of a ride.
Doug Sahm and the Last Real Texas Blues Band plays at 10 p.m., Saturday, April 29 at the Fabulous Satellite Lounge. Tickets cost $10. Call 869-COOL for info.
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Posted by Neshaminy on 11th Nov 2014
What can i say other than "DUDE" and "SWEET"?
Big and Thick and Dark, This hoodie came on me in Two days from this vendor.
I'm Tellin' you, StreamRoller Rugby can Steam Roll me any time, any day.
I'm gonna get so dirty in this sweaty shirt.
All prices are in USD


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Newbie attempts at totems, etc
I visited a couple thrift stores in the small town where I worked today. Hoping to make a large totem. My first totem also. Bought a little of this and a bit of that. But it just doesn't work when I get it home. Had hoped to use the tall purple vase and little short purple candle thing in the one photo along with some clear glass. But, I can't make it work together. Soooo, I might just start with the smaller clear one in the other photo. With just the little blue thing on top. Haven't "glued" it yet. Still playing with it.
Or maybe I just need to hold off and shop the thrifts in a larger city first?
The one junk shop did have lots of the large old lamps with the clear but colored glass bases. A few quite large but priced at $18 each. I could probably get them for $15 but that still seems a bit to spend when you have to add other pieces to them.
Here is a link that might be useful: PIcs of purple vase and possible totem
I like what you have going with the clear one. The other pieces...I think you need another piece or two to tie them together. A saucer or small dish inverted over the bottle perhaps? Have you tried flipping the bottle over and setting the round piece on top? Hmmm, you still might want another piece or two. I've found that sometimes it takes a few trips to gather all you need, that's how most of us have collected a stash. The tricky part for me is remembering what I already have on hand...
threekittens. I am also trying to make my first totem and it is harder than it looks. I have been hitting the thrift store and a small flea market. Yesterday I broke one of my prettiest saucers when it fell over as I stepped back to look at my handiwork. - Marylee
The clear one looks ready to me too! Very pretty. You might want to consider an upside down platter on the bottom to help keep it from getting dirty splashes, if you are putting it in the garden.
I have way too much glass because I buy anything promising that is under $1. Special pieces I will pay more. You just need a larger stash to choose from!
Re: trial stacking totems
I learned the hard way to not trial stack my totems on either hard floors, tables, counter tops or near/around pets. I also don't leave trial stacks unattended.
I always trial stack on a carpeted or padded floor. It's saved many a glass piece when the totem collapsed.
Nice looking totem! And don't worry...you'll find just the right pieces for the purple vases. I attached a picture of one that I made a couple of summers ago because it has a amber colored vase very similar to your largest purple one...might give you ideas.
Here is a link that might be useful:
Oh, I like that amber one. :)
Being a bit obsessive/compulsive, I went to Council Bluffs/Omaha today and shopped 5 thrift stores. I think SA & GW are a bit crazy on their prices. I bought a bunch more trying to spend at most 1.99/piece and preferrably If I really get into this I'll have to watch for a antiques/household auction. DH & I used to go often for antiques and sometimes they end up selling tables of the cheaper glassware in big lots for a few bucks.
Beings I also like antiques, I have to balance this garden junk vs collectible glass thing in my mind. One thing I paid 2.99 for today is a cake plate. I think its kinda too nice for the garden. BUT, its not like I don't spend bunches on my flower gardens already and after all, it is used glass. :-P
Just keep thinking of my MIL whose every day dishes are a mismatched, chipped mess. Depression era mindset. I don't think she'd EVER consider putting a nice cake plate in the garden. lol
And yes, to the dangers of dry stacking the totems. I stacked that one last night on the floor in front of the couch. And then the smaller of my 2 dogs took a flying leap off the sofa right between the totem and the coffee table. didn't take long for me to get it disassembled and packed away after that. A close one for sure.
Sounds like you now have a lot of stuff to choose from. Five TS s in one town, I'm quite envious.
I just want to add that when you glue them together don't do it all at once, especially if the piece is tall. Glue a couple pieces to gether at a time then combine. For example, if the totem is six pieces glue the bottom two, the middle two and top two. Then when those are set (next day probably), take your middle two, now one piece, and attach to the bottom two. Wait a bit and take your top two, which were glued earlier, and put them on. You may choose to attach more than 2 pieces first depending on their shape and difficulty and have the final glues be the easy flattest ones. Hope that makes sense.
Oh, and its nice to do that second glueing out in the garden near where you want the piece. Then you don't have to carry it around. That may not be an option in the winter, or for those who sell them, but I'm a bit of a klutz so I prefer that.
Can't wait to see what you make!
I am soooo bad. Went back to Omaha today (100 mi round trip) as I saw there was a tag sale that started yest. So today was 1/2 price day. Bought lots more. And then a few blocks from that house ran across another one where the people were conducting the sale themselves. They didn't have much stuff but what they did have was more glass. AND, I got 3 garden tool edgers like were in that winter video by larksperennials I posted the other day. She had them upside down in the ground as though the tool end of them were flowers. Got them for $1.00 each. And a couple of old hoes too. Will prolly put the edger things by my new "old" barnboard garden shed this spring. :)
Got so much I had to leave it in my vehicle. Gotta get the stuff I bought yesterday into tubs or something before I drag in more. :-/
Can you say OCD?
threekittens, it sounds like you are hooked! he-he I think we should organize a glass totem support group.
I really like those purple swirly pieces in your totem. I remember seeing pieces like that and I know your picture doesn't do them justice. I bet your totem will be stunning in the garden.
Keep those totem pictures coming!
If we do organize a totem support group I suppose I should be the leader (lol).
I will support anyone who has totem fever. Just look what it's done to me in less than a year's time!!!
Here is a link that might be useful: Mary's website
Oh man. We went to 4 tag sales today. Fought the urge best I could to not buy more stuff! I must have spent close to 100 last week putting together a glass supply n half is still in my car. And to date no totems! I did end up buying 3 green vase things at one sale cuz the color matched nice bu spent 3 - 4 piece which I know is too much but I could not make myself not get them! Also got a micro plate. Then a glass bunny for 2 at another sale for a totem topper. Sundays are 1/2 off on the cheap stuff at these sales so will have to remember not to go on sat next time. And more importantly not to go at all till I get some of stuff I already bought used! Also saw deals on centers for plate flowers like little petal edge ceramic dishes only 4 for set of 10. Did buy 5 ceramic butterfly dishes for 4. Plain white. Managed to leave the other 4matching ones behind that they had priced separately. Sorry wrote too much


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Compiz 0.7.8 Arrives With New Plug-In
Published on 17 September 2008 07:12 AM EDT
Written by
Michael Larabel
2 Comments
Back in May we had the release of
Compiz 0.7.6
with rewritten plug-ins and other changes to boost the vitality of this popular compositing manager. Since then all activity on the Compiz front has been relatively quiet, until this morning. Danny Baumann has announced the release of Compiz 0.7.8.
Compiz 0.7.8 adds a new plug-in named "obs" that provides opacity, brightness and saturation bindings and matches. Some of these options were previously available for configuring within Compiz's core, but that has been removed in this release. In addition, the unresponsive window gray-out that many people often experience, can now be configured through the Fade plug-in. A "constant fade time" option has also been added to this plug-in.
Aside from changes with plug-ins, Compiz 0.7.8 has an enhanced timer infrastructure that should allow synchronization of execution of multiple timer callbacks. There is also an addition to match for the window's alpha channel and reflect new Metacity "spacer" button type in gtk-window-decorator. Like most software projects, this release also carries bug-fixes and translation updates.
The Compiz 0.7.8 release announcement and source download links can be found on the
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Winona Ryder Cast In Aronofsky's "Swan"Read More »
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August 19, 2010
Instant Analysis: Best games in the East
Dallas Jackson
High school football is upon us. The games have started in Alaska and are set to kickoff all around the country.
The RivalsHigh100 football rankings have been released and the top players have been named.
The only thing left to do is take a trip around the country to check out some of the best games.
In the seventh of our eight-part tour, we look at the "best of the rest" games East of the Mississippi River.
We have already profiled the best in Pennsylvania, Georgia, Ohio, California, Texas, and Florida.
We will take a look at the "best of the rest" from West of the Mississippi River on Friday before the games really fire up later that day.
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Jaguar F-Type S Convertible Revealed at the 2012 LA Auto Show
Description:The brand new and stunning Jaguar F-Type S drove unto the World's Stage at the 2012 LA Auto Show with a splash of burning color. The newest and sexiest Jaguar convertible will feature three engine choices including a V8 and a smaller supercharged V6 that makes 340 HP. Jaguar says the cars carries on the tradition of beautiful convertible cars that goes all the way back to the iconic D and E-Type. Check out his exclusive TFLcar LA Auto Show debut of what is perhaps the best looking new Jaguar.
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Membership Benefits Equestrian Federation of Australia (NSW) Inc. What do I get as a member of EFA NSW? WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE EFA? The EFA is the custodian for many equestrian sports in Australia. The main function of the EFA is to provide a structured and regulated framework for equestrian competitions with fair rules and regulations for competitors. Our aim is to improve facilities and access to competitions and training throughout NSW. We are also here to encourage and promote equestrian sport, increase spectator levels, administer coach education and attract sponsorship funding. WHY JOIN THE EFA? By joining the EFA, you become part of a professionally run sporting organisation. The EFA NSW is seen as the peak horse sports body in New South Wales and is a multi-faceted organisation. Together we can promote horse sports throughout New South Wales. WHAT BENEFITS DO I GET? • Access to training and development opportunities, at present the EFA facilitates programs for; - Coaches in the National Coaching Accreditation Scheme - State Development Squads - Clinics and seminars for equestrian officials in all disciplines. • Newsletter - the Equest News is published 3 times a year and is a valuable resource for members, publishing press releases, rule updates, FEI news, information on competitions, contact details and general articles of interest. • Insurance - Probably the most valuable feature of your membership is insurance which all of our members receive. Your insurance covers you for any equestrian related activity. • Access to Official Competitions - As a Senior or Junior member, you can compete in Official competitions across the disciplines. • Horse Registration - Horses registered with EFA NSW have a lifetime registration. Horse registration provides owners with the ability to compete at structured competitions throughout Australia. • Record of Performances - Senior and Junior riders have Horse Performance Cards issued for which the records are maintained and made available from the office. • National Affiliation and Database - The EFA NSW is affiliated with the EFA National body and therefore other state branches. The National database enables us to more effectively keep track of horses and members nationwide as well as providing a comprehensive national register of results. • Structured Framework - The EFA provides a structured framework for equestrian sports in New South Wales. This is an essential part of the organisation's process, in that administrative support and a mechanism for the distribution of relevant information is provided by the office. • Procedures and Disciplinary (including swabbing) - No organised sport can operate without a disciplinary arm. This enables the sport to continue in an environment with a system to control instances occurring outside the rules and spirit of the sport. The funding of random swabbing for events is part of these procedures. • Website - The site is a valuable membership tool with on-line registrations, renewals and access to up-to-date information, visit www.efansw.com.au • Professional Staff - Your staff at the EFA NSW office are committed to membership service. We are here to help you. Our roles include sport management, facility development, membership registration, secretarial support and communication, administration of the sport and government liaison. We are continually developing the regional structure to improve the standard of facilities within all regions of New South Wales. Where does my money go? In terms of membership costs, EFA New South Wales compares very favourably to most other sports annual membership fees and other state branches and for the fee, the insurance cover is incomparable to any individually priced equestrian cover available. The individual membership renewal fees for 2008-2009 are; Senior $178.00 Junior $92.00 Associate $111.00 NB. Joining fee applies to new senior and junior members. These fees take into account increases in National levies and CPI. The following helps to explain how your fees are spent and how this benefits you and our sport. This breakdown is base on a Senior membership, with similar costing applying to all categories. National Levy The National Levy is a portion of your membership that is allocated to the EFA National Office for the purpose of administering our sports. The National Office is the interface for all international matters. These include overseas competitions, licensing, horse identification, FEI officials, FEI seminars, FEI events held in Australia, World Cup, Australia's participation in world wide series, updating of FEI rules etc. International Competition and Development Fund (ICDF) The ICDF grants money to projects and events that are within the "international competitions" category and those which further develop the sport in general as well as in particular disciplines. The Finance Committee encourages applications from organisers of workshops, clinics and seminars for riders, coaches, trainers and officials. Supporting the Sport Part of your membership fees go back into developing the sport. In the past 12 months, the EFA NSW branch has distributed financial assistance in the areas of event funding, administration, youth development, clinics and regional programmes to each discipline as follows; Dressage $69,500 Driving $ 7,500 Eventing $40,500 Saddlehorse $14,500 Showjumping $56,000 Vaulting $11,500 Total $199,500 Insurance The Personal Accident Insurance policy protects members while participating in "recreational equestrian activities of non-commercial nature". Cover is not limited to EFA authorised activities. GST As per Tax Office guidelines, one eleventh of all income is remitted to the Australian Tax Office for GST. EFA NSW Administration The balance of your fees goes towards the running costs of the EFA NSW office. We are a non-profit organisation. However, we have costs and endeavour to balance the annual budget. Newsletter, website, postage, printing, stationary, telephone and salaries are major administration expenses. In Summary EFA NSW membership is about being part of a structured organisation that formulates rules, regulations, training and competitions in equestrian sports and that ensures fairness for all competitors. You also support the sport at regional, state, national and international Level. It is this support which helps secure the future of horse sports in New South Wales and Australia. To contact us: Sydney International Equestrian Centre Saxony Road Horsley Park NSW 2175 Correspondence: PO Box 7077, Wetherill Park BC, NSW 2164 Phone: 02 9620 2660 • Fax: 02 9620 2260 Website: www.efansw.com.au Pics courtesy: Main Event Photography, Instant Photos and Derek O'Leary.
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text: I am a 63 yrs old retired lawyer. I like travelling. This will be my second trip to Rome. I visited this past September. The main reason I wish to visit in May next year is the Italian Open tennis tournament at Foro Italico. I will be coming with my wife who is a retired chemist.


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Windows Help
It's free to register, to post a question or to start / join a discussion
Gone back to xp
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Posted March 15, 2009 at 10:59AM
Having had a bad experience with 64 bit vista, I have now found out that the same flaw is present in win 7 64 bit.
The problem is that after a restart 1 or more drives will be reset to 'read only', the pain of it is the only way I can remove the 'read only' attribute is by formatting the drive and resetting the permissions. Which is painful due to the time involved, having to copy files to another drive then back again after the format.
click here does not work as its the actual drive that has the 'read only' not the files, plus there are no options to delete or change files only copy.
So until this matter has been cured its back to 32 bit xp for now.
By the way, this only happens with 64 vista and win 7 not the 32 bit versions.
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Posted March 28, 2009 at 5:04PM
I installed win 7 64 bit and had no drive probs.
However, I have gone back to Vista 64 as there were programs that didn't run that I needed to use.
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Guantanamo Topics
Democracy Now! has regularly covered the stories of those imprisoned at the U.S. detention facility located in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, since former President George W. Bush began the so-called "war on terror." The first captives arrived at the detention camp on January 11, 2002.
A Medical Ethics-free Zone? Guantánamo Doctors Urged to Stop Force-Feeding Hunger-Striking PrisonersAs the prison-wide hunger strike at Guantánamo enters its 133rd day, a group of top U.S. doctors and public health specialists are calling on their colleagues in the military to boycott the mass force-feeding of prisoners. In an article for The New England Journal of Medicine, three professors from Boston University write: "Physicians at Guantánamo cannot permit the military to use them and their medical skills for political purposes and...June 18, 2013 | Story
Medea Benjamin v. President Obama: CodePink Founder Disrupts Speech, Criticizing Drone, Gitmo PolicyDuring President Obama's first major counterterrorism address of his second term, he said the United States cannot continue waging what he described as a boundless global war on terror. He also discussed his administration's efforts to close down the U.S. military prison at Guantánamo Bay. He was repeatedly confronted by CodePink's Medea Benjamin in the audience, ultimately stopping his speech to address her directly. We air...May 24, 2013 | Story
- We speak with CodePink co-founder Diane Wilson, who is on day 25 of a water-and-salt-only hunger strike in solidarity with Guantánamo prisoners. Earlier this month, she was arrested after chaining herself to the White House fence in a CodePink demonstration urging the president to close Guantánamo. We are also joined by Pardiss Kebriaei, senior staff attorney with Center for Constitutional Rights. Her client, Ghaleb al-Bihani, is one of the...May 24, 2013 | Story
- President Obama has vowed a renewed push to shut down the military prison at Guantánamo Bay more than four years after first pledging its closure. Speaking at a White House news conference, Obama called the indefinite imprisonment of more than 100 people unsustainable, but defended the ongoing force-feeding of those on a three-month hunger strike to win their freedom. Attorneys representing Guantánamo prisoners have welcomed Obama's...May 01, 2013 | Story
- The U.S. military has acknowledged for the first time the number of prisoners on hunger strike at the military prison has topped 100. About a fifth of the hunger strikers are now being force-fed. Lawyers for the prisoners say more than 130 men are taking part in the hunger strike, which began in February. One of the hunger strikers is a Yemeni man named Samir Naji al Hasan Moqbel. In a letter published in The New York Times, he wrote:...April 29, 2013 | Story
Forgotten Women of the War on Terror: Author Victoria Brittain on the Wives and Families Left BehindAs pressure grows for President Obama to close the Guantánamo military prison, we speak with British journalist Victoria Brittain, who has closely covered the military prison for years. Her latest book is "Shadow Lives: The Forgotten Women of the War on Terror." "Some of the women that I've written about are the wives of Guantánamo prisoners. One, in particular, who is like chapter one of the book, is one of my closest...April 29, 2013 | Story
- As more than 100 Guantánamo prisoners continue their hunger strike, we speak to British journalist Victoria Brittain. She has just published a book about the wives and families of some of the prisoners held at Guantánamo and on British and U.S. soil. [includes rush transcript]April 12, 2013 | Web Exclusive
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Reports are emerging from the U.S. military prison at Guantanamo Bay that a majority of the prisoners are on a hunger strike.
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Isinglass - Urmston
Address: 46 Flixton Road, Urmston, Greater Manchester, M41 5AB
Telephone: 01617498400
Cuisine Type: British
Tell this Venue You Saw Them On Sugarvine
Reader Reviews
Went last night to Isinglass after what must be a 6 year gap and was very impressed with the new outfit. We'd only gone twice after it first opened because we were so underwhelmed by what had been on offer on both those occasions. Despite being new the place was drab and uninspiring and there seemed to be a bit of an obsession with kale on the menu - not a veg that's ever really done it for me! This was hugely disappointing because in a sea of curry houses, this had promised to be the bright culinary star that Urmston has lacked for years. It's now been taken over by a brother (Anthony) and sister team and Wow - what a difference! The place is brighter and both the food and service were very good. They've got some new wines coming in including an Amarone, and are going to start serving Prosecco by the glass which is for me a gauge of any halfway decent restaurant. I won't go back to anywhere that doesn't so Isinglass can look forward to lots more visits from me on this alone, however, it deserves visiting for far more than this. If like me you've give given it a wide berth over the last 5 years because of it's previous lacklustre facade, interior and food, check it out soon - I'm sure you won't be disappointed now! Lindsay
I'd been meaning to go ever since I moved to Urmston nearly 3 years ago. Having eaten all over Manchester (and the country) I was extremely impressed with both the service and the food from Isinglass. 2 main courses at 2 drinks came to only £33!!! The portion sizes were enormous and the quality of the organic, locally sourced food was outstanding. The brother and sister run restaurant is simply outstanding! (BTW guys, if you're reading this, it was a pleasure to meet you) James St James
I've been 3 times in the last 6 weeks. All meals faultless. Excellent food, fine selection of wine and great service. I'll be back..... Mike
We went last month for our anniversary and we made an excellent choice. The food was lovely really fresh, good portions and the service was very attentive. There was a good variety of food on the menu and the specials even for a fussy eater like me we will be going back soon. BooSee all Isinglass Reviews.
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Restaurants Near Isinglass
47 Station Road, Urmston, Greater Manchester, M41 9JG
0161 747 1777
First Floor, 132 The Orient, Trafford Centre, Greater Manchester, M17 8AA
0161 749 9966
123 The Orient, Trafford Centre, Greater Manchester, M17 8EH
0161 747 2345
25A Northenden Road, Sale, Greater Manchester, M33 2DH
0161 282 0050
The Lowry, Pier 8, Salford Quays, Greater Manchester, M50 3AZ
0161 876 2121
View all Restaurants in Urmston
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Exclusive Winter Offer: Claim 15%off your total bill until the 30th March. (Available Monday and Tuesday only). Click here to download voucher
Choose from a selection of Afternoon Teas at Opus One. View Menu
The Mal On Sunday - The Biggest Sunday Lunch In Town: Treat yourself to soup, unlimited hors d'oeuvres from 'The Chef's Table', a freshly prepared roast or choice of main course and an irresistible dessert for just £19.95 for adults and £7.95 for children (available 12 noon-4pm).
Monday Steak Night: Steak for two 2 Sides and a Bottle of Wine £25


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YMCA Board Member and Youth Institute 2001 Alumni, Vanaroth Samrith, has been highlighted in the Vopak Global Magazine 'Matters'. Vanaroth is an Engineer at Vopak and grew up with the Youth Institute. Now he is giving back to a new generation of young people. We at the YMCA Youth Institute are so proud of you and your accomplishments Van!
Our very own resident genius Joey was featured in a video produced by Y-USA! It was all filmed by Joey on an iPad mini and tells the story of his preparation for his career at the Youth Institute in Long Beach.
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Pentagon nominee supports increased spending on defense
WASHINGTON, Feb 4 (Reuters) – Ashton Carter, President
Barack Obama's nominee to lead the Pentagon, on Wednesday
underscored his determination to boost the U.S. defense budget,
drive down the cost of new weapons and make sure new
technologies are delivered to troops more quickly.
Carter, who served as the Pentagon's chief weapons buyer and
the No. 2 official before leaving for a stint in the private
sector, told the Senate Armed Services Committee that there was
no "silver bullet" to fix the way the Pentagon buys weapons.
U.S. unveils two-year pilot program to aid NATO joint procurement
WASHINGTON, Feb 4 (Reuters) – The U.S. government on
Wednesday announced a two-year project aimed at making it easier
for NATO and member countries to share costs and buy weapons as
a group as they struggle to stretch scarce defense budgets.
Under the initiative, the U.S. Defense Department and State
Departments will consider on a case-by-case basis requests to
buy U.S. equipment from a "lead nation" or international
organization on behalf of others.
Pentagon nominee vows to resolve Jordan arms sales delays
WASHINGTON, Feb 4 (Reuters) – President Barack Obama's
nominee for defense secretary on Wednesday vowed to cut through
"red tape" slowing U.S. arms deliveries to Jordan, which plans
to step up its fight against Islamic State after the killing of
a captured Jordanian pilot.
Ashton Carter, a former No. 2 Pentagon official, told the
Senate Armed Services Committee it was important for Jordan to
be able to acquire the weapons it needed, and he would work to
address concerns raised by King Abdullah during a meeting with
committee members on Tuesday.
Obama Pentagon nominee Carter leans toward arming Ukraine
WASHINGTON, Feb 4 (Reuters) – President Barack Obama's pick
to become U.S. defense secretary told Congress on Wednesday he
was leaning in favor of providing arms to Ukraine, in what would
be a departure from U.S. policy that opponents say could fan the
flames of war.
Ashton Carter, a former Pentagon No. 2, said he would "very
much incline" in supplying defensive arms to Ukraine, adding the
United States needed to support the country's efforts to defend
itself against Russian-backed separatists. U.S. officials have
acknowledged taking a fresh look at the issue.
U.S. Air Force budget sets stage for GPS satellite competition
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – The U.S. Air Force's fiscal 2016 budget plan earmarks $7.1 billion for space programs, including a 10th Global Positioning System III satellite by Lockheed Martin Corp, and sets the stage for future competition for such satellites.
Lockheed won the contract to build GPS-III satellites in 2008, beating out Boeing Co, which had built earlier GPS satellites. The program has since run into delays due to technical challenges with a key sensor built by Exelis Inc.
U.S. to lead redesign of Raytheon missile defense 'kill vehicle'
WASHINGTON, Feb 2 (Reuters) – The U.S. Missile Defense
Agency on Monday said it was close to finalizing a
government-led effort to redesign a Raytheon Co "kill
vehicle" used in the ground-based missile defense system that
would involve Raytheon, Boeing Co and Lockheed Martin
Vice Admiral James Syring, who heads the agency, said the
government would own the new design, which it would use as the
basis for a competition to produce the new vehicles in 2018.
U.S. Navy budget plan omits funding for Boeing jets
WASHINGTON, Feb 2 (Reuters) – The U.S. Navy's fiscal 2016
budget plan would pay for 492 manned and unmanned aircraft,
including 13 F-35 fighter jets built by Lockheed Martin Corp
, but omits any funding for Boeing Co F/A-18
fighters or EA-18G electronic attack jets.
Last year, the Navy also omitted EA-18G jets, or Growlers,
from its base budget request, but later told Congress on an
"unfunded priority list" that it wanted $2.1 billion to buy 22
more of the planes, given the growing threat of electronic
Obama seeks $14 billion to boost U.S. cybersecurity defenses
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – President Barack Obama's budget proposal for the 2016 fiscal year seeks $14 billion (9 billion pounds) for cybersecurity efforts across the U.S. government to better protect federal and private networks from hacking threats.
Federal cybersecurity funding has steadily increased in recent years, reflecting the intensity of threats U.S. companies and government agencies are facing from cyber intruders, both domestic and foreign.
As U.S. faces new threats, Pentagon seeks bigger defense budget
WASHINGTON, Feb 2 (Reuters) – Facing new security challenges
in the Middle East and Ukraine, the Obama administration on
Monday proposed a $534 billion Pentagon base budget plus $51
billion in war funds as it urged Congress to end spending cuts
which it says erode U.S. military power.
In addition to the base budget and war funding requests, the
administration proposed some $27 billion in defense spending at
other agencies, primarily nuclear weapons work by the Department
of Energy.
NATO sees resilience as key issue in AWACS replacement
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Resilience, innovation and advances in technology will be key factors as NATO maps out a multibillion-dollar effort to replace its aging fleet of 17 Boeing Co E-3 Sentry Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, a top NATO official told Reuters.
French General Jean-Paul Palomeros, Supreme Allied Commander Transformation, said NATO was starting to map out its requirements for the next-generation of weapons to detect air and surface threats, which will be needed between 2030 and 2035.


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Framing a Basement
Due to my room restriction, for framing walls, I had to install the top and bottom plates first, then install the vertical wall framing stud by stud. I first ran a 2X4 as the top plate and attached it to the joists. I then dropped a plumb from this top plate to the floor at several places and marked on the concrete floor my plumb points to which I installed my bottom plate. This should be dead on correct? I thought so.
However, I then proceeded to install my studs one by one. However, every so often, I would take my level and position it along a horizontal plane from stud to stud, and it rocks...meaning something is off ??? !!! I have a long level that can span 3 studs. Can anyone help with what may be occurring? Is this normal??
The variation is slight? Then, most likely it is the lumber. Few 2 x 4's are truely striaght. If you were to span the same three studs in different places from the floor to the ceiling you will probably see the "rocking" change.
Your drywall will span these and the variation will be minimal - you will notice it again when you install base and shoe but they too will make the necessary bends.
Good luck with your basement.
Most studs have a bow in one direction.
If you sight down the length of the stud, the bow (which may only be an 1/8 of an inch) will be come apparent. Make efforts to always have the bow going in same direction; i.e., either in or out on any given wall. This will minimize the variation in the finished wall.
It is also important to only purchase kiln dried wood, and when purchasing it, reject anything that is obviously twisted.
I heard from a builder show to put the bow (crown/bump, etc.) outward from the finished space, and that worked for me when I did my basement. I'd mark all the studs first with a Sharpie.
When a portion of wall or ceiling joist had that "bump" you mention, I took it down with a power planer. That might be overkill, though, but I had the tool available.


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Bjoergen golden after Majdic hurt
Updated: February 17, 2010, 8:16 PM ETAssociated Press
WHISTLER, British Columbia -- Marit Bjoergen of Norway finally earned her first Olympic gold by winning the women's individual cross-country sprint at the Vancouver Games.
Bjoergen pulled away from Justyna Kowalczyk of Poland and Petra Majdic of Slovenia in a frantic finish to cross the line in 3 minutes, 39.2 seconds. Kowalczyk won the silver medal, and Majdic took bronze.
Majdic was the pre-race favorite but skied in severe pain after injuring her ribs in training crash earlier Wednesday.
Bjoergen took bronze in the 10-kilometer race Monday and had two silver medals from previous Olympics.
Copyright 2010 by The Associated Press


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"Girl Crush" garners big reaction on "The Tonight Show."
Dierks, Alison Added to IBMA Awards
Dierks Bentley and Alison Krauss have signed on to appear at the International Bluegrass Music Association Awards, to be held Sept. 30 at the Ryman Auditorium.
Dierks will play with a band of past and current nominees, while Alison will play with Union Station band member Dan Tyminski and co-hosts Jerry Douglas and Sharon and Cheryl White.
No word if there might be a performance of Dierks' latest single, "Draw Me a Map," on which Alison appears.
More News
iHeart Award performers include Florida Georgia Line and Luke Bryan.
Looks like he's gonna be a hockey player.
Exclusive Video: Martina McBride and Sara Evans Perform "Jolene" for New Season of "Front and Center"
CMA Songwriter Series-themed episodes will feature Little Big Town, Brandy Clark and others.
Book passage now for star-packed cruise to the Caribbean.
Three-hour-long set for The Big Revival Tour's opening date features guests Taylor Swift, Joe Walsh and others to the stage.


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So there might be more than Anime but it will mostly be anime. These are just some of the pictures I like.
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Other writing by Catching Frogs A Never Lasting Love Colours Of The Light Route Bad Feelings Water Ripple and Watching Me Reversal Happenings Always An Artist
Challenge, Life, Contest, Story, Love, Death, Short, Writing, Pictures, Fun, Romance, Song, Pain, Random, Sad, Competition, Inspirational, Help, Poetry, Poem, Depression, Friends, Character, You, Novel, Me, Motivational, Characters, Hurt, Family


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Chatham NH2427 Main Road
Est. Mortgage:$/month
MLS Number 4376756
- Residential
- Bedrooms 3
- Bathroom 2
- Square Feet 2302
- Acreage 10.08
Rarely found classic farmhouse in North Chatham, NH.Tucked away at the base of Evans Notch with views and privacy.Fields, Gardens, Barn, Tractor shed and other out buildings. Unspoiled character but tastefully updated.Newer windows, Kitchen/family room, original dining room.First floor bedroom with bath and two second floor bedrooms and a bath.Additional rooms for whatever your needs are.Two car detached garage plus a drive-under garage.Combo wood/oil furnace. You can hike, fish, CC Ski, Snowmobile or hunt from your own front yard.This is a unique and rarely offered property.Don't wait on this one.
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I'm doing my first steps in Android development, and came across the term Asset.
As far as I understand it, an Asset is simply a file that is not being parsed or referensed as a resource.
Is there a more accurate definition of the term? In which scenarios should I use an Asset in my application?


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Today is my Grandma's birthday. She is one of my most favorite people in the world. I know I can call day or night and she will listen. She has always been a support from helping my mom raise us. To helping me raise my boys. She is the one I turn to when the military has pissed me off yet again. She reminds me the importance of what my husbands job ... Read More →
Throw Back Thursday
I so miss this family. These kiddos are like me nieces and nephews. Their mom my best friend. While things get hard and we have to say goodbye we always find our way back. She is a friend that will forever be apart of our lives. She has more strength than she thinks. Love you My J.R. Zia loves you Nico, Jeannie Beanie, My Vito and Little Diva. ... Read More →
Hometown Hero
Sunday February 1st we got to see the Harlem Globetrotters. What was special about this visit with the Harlem Globetrotters was the team honored my husband. They teamed up with Military Veteran Project. At each game The Harlem Globetrotters will honor a Hometown Hero. It was an amazing experience and a great way for our family to reconnect after ... Read More →
Hello Soldier
We recently got our soldier home. It has been an adjustment. I sat back last night looking back on our photos and the relief. 247 days was long enough for me. The time away allowed me think of how lucky we are to have Paul in our life. As it got closer to him get home the wait seemed to drag on. Didn't seem to help that every time I turned around ... Read More →
Things I Miss
I was sitting last night when I should have been sleeping thinking about all the things I have missed while my husband is deployed. Lack of sleep thanks to this nagging cough has allowed a lot of thinking time. So I compiled a list 1. I miss the random times he walks by and kisses my forehead while I clean or cook. At time just sitting and ... Read More →
Little Twig Review
We were sent samples of the little Twig lavender bath wash and calming lotion. These are geared more for the infant and toddler range. It has made a world of difference with my youngest bed time routine. He gets up in the morning and showers. Then at night he uses the lavender bath wash and lotion to start his calming time. He really enjoyed the ... Read More →
Santa Sent Me A Letter
I am currently working with SantaSentMeALetter.com. I love this business as it 100% family owned and operated. It is an amazing site. They have letters from Santa for every family member. Paul received the letter to the spouse. I have to say I absolutely loved it. I will share his as soon as he sends me photos. With him on missions it may not ... Read More →
Trees For Troops
The holidays can be really hard on a military family. You are away from family and friends. A spouse maybe deployed. FedEx and Christmas Spirit foundation are looking to bring holiday cheer to military families. They have partnered up again for Trees For Troops. I think this is so Awesome. If we had not already put up our tree we would be going to ... Read More →
Great Wolf Lodge
The boys and I will be headed to Great Wolf Lodge in a few weeks. The boys have no idea they will be going. I wanted to do something with them for fun. To take a break from the craziness that is deployment. I also wanted to share with fellow wives of the Armed Forces that while your spouse is gone you do not have to be afraid to travel and make new ... Read More →
Letting Go of Guilt
photo credit google images For the past year I have been living with Guilt. I had a friend who was like a sister to me. I loved and adored her. We could laugh like no other. We have tried to save her from a horrific marriage. Honestly the only good thing was her beautiful children. I have their pictures through out my home. They are family. ... Read More →
Wordless Wednesday With Linky
... Read More →
Veterans Day
This year Veterans Day has taken on a new meaning for our family. It is the year my husband is deployed. Another first in our military career. I am appalled our school has school today. I kept my children home. If they had not been sick we would have gone to the Veterans Hospital passing out the cards they made and thanked the service members. ... Read More →
Olaf Wall Friends
Since Paul has been deployed life has been crazy and hectic for us as a family. I am one person being dragged a hundred different directions at thousand miles an hour. One thing I count on is sleep. I know it is a commodity . I truly need at least 6 hours of sleep a night otherwise my body is thrown. You know life being sick but I know what I have ... Read More →


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Available formats: epub mobi pdf rtf lrf pdb txt html
Fabian Black is an English writer of gay romance fiction. Her stories are about love and the ups and down of life. They have a good sprinkling of humour and a hint of D/s spice.
She also writes a comedy drama series called 'The Stardust Diaries' under the pen name Tarn Swan and is author of the hilarious and irreverent 'Jack and Danny Chronicles.'
Visit her website for more information, new releases, free fiction and contests.
Review by:
on March 10, 2011 :
I enjoy a lot Fabian Black's writing style and themes, so in that sense, this book is not a disappointment. However, this time the author has chosen a more ambitious topic, something which could been have developed into a more complex story but it's not fully realised, maybe because of the length of the novel. The end came too soon, just when I was getting really interested. Anyway, a pleasant read.
(reviewed within a month of purchase)
Review by:
on July 26, 2010 :
This reminds me why I prefer to read books in English instead of my native Swedish. The language is rich and the humour so much fun. I liked both Gordon and Nat very much. Gordon makes a very nice Top with just the right amount of strictness and kindness.
(reviewed the day of purchase)


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Dissecting Anomalies
Article first published online: 19 JUL 2008
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01371.x
© 2008 The American Finance Association
The Journal of Finance
Volume 63, Issue 4, pages 1653–1678, August 2008
Additional Information
How to Cite
FAMA, E. F. and FRENCH, K. R. (2008), Dissecting Anomalies. The Journal of Finance, 63: 1653–1678. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01371.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 19 JUL 2008
- Article first published online: 19 JUL 2008
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
The anomalous returns associated with net stock issues, accruals, and momentum are pervasive; they show up in all size groups (micro, small, and big) in cross-section regressions, and they are also strong in sorts, at least in the extremes. The asset growth and profitability anomalies are less robust. There is an asset growth anomaly in average returns on microcaps and small stocks, but it is absent for big stocks. Among profitable firms, higher profitability tends to be associated with abnormally high returns, but there is little evidence that unprofitable firms have unusually low returns.