text:
Positioning a new category
The IVEY Awards
Grabbing more attention
Jostens - School Way
Telling a bigger story
Urgency Room
Launching a new business
Rebranding a new division
Simplifying a complex offering
Spyglass News
Have a Big Orange Yeti St. Patrick's Day. Seriously, do.
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Meet Yeti, our large, over the top employee who typically just eats spaghetti
Meet Yeti, our large, over the top employee who typically just eats spaghetti


text:
What travellers think
Travellers that stayed here think this hostel is best for
- Sightseeing
- Culture
- Shopping
I don´t speak or read spanish. the staff of the hostel is very friendly and helpful, and I will definitely come back and stay here again :)
Kasper Lindvig,
Wed 11 Feb 2015
Es un lugar agradable, donde conoces personas valiosas que también les gusta viajar. A pesar de tener un espacio pequeño sediento bien, ah! Principalmente es económico y practico. Lo recomiendo al público que va a experimentar en este lugar :)
Thu 20 Nov 2014
Very friendly staff. The hostel is in the centrum of Mexico City, has an easy access to Metro station Zocalo and various buses. Breakfast is included and is very good. Access to Internet is provided, laundry and kitchen are there too.
Thu 09 Oct 2014

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I'm trying to improve my water knowledge and move beyond the wonderful primer. I'm going to be brewing a 10 gallon porter recipe with the following grain bill:
Pale ale malt - 13lb 1oz
Brown malt - 2lb 12 oz - 150l
Crystal 75 - 1lb 13 oz
Chocolate - 1lb 6 oz 450l
I will be using 100% RO water and building from that. I chose the black balanced profile in Bru'n Water and built it as close as I could. Does this look like a reasonable starting point to brew the first time and then adjust to taste with subsequent batches? I should point out that I don't have a PH meter yet, so I'm going with the Bru'n Water numbers blindly until I buy a meter. I entered the PH of my RO water as 7 on the sparge acidification page because I don't have a meter to test it with. Is that a reasonable assumption?
I can not comment on all of your questions. However, when I first started doing additions I used quite a bit of epsom salts as you have in this brew. Mine was a pale ale and it turned out that I have quite a minerally taste in my beer. I never put more than about 2 grams of ES in there because of this. I mostly put them in there to give the yeast a bit of magnesium, although malts/grains provide enough for the yeast.
You also want to be careful with your alkaline producing salts too. You don't want to raise your pH up too high because that can cause astringency to be extracted in the mash. Generally it's better to be lower than higher because of this, but again you don't want to be too low or enzymes will begin to get denatured.
I think a lot of people will leave out these additions, take a pH reading about 10min in, and then adjust with the calculator if it is way off.
I find Bru'n Water's calculator to do pretty well with pH estimation for most beers but it can be off on the darker ones. This is for my water profile (which is pretty soft) which is my municipal water and not RO water. I have done a few RIS's where the predicted pH was something like 4.8 and I didn't add any alkaline agents and it ended up being about 5.3. I have no idea why this happens and theoretically it shouldn't but it does. In essence I would maybe go with maybe half as much pickeling lime but others can chime in and correct me.
As for the RO sparge water I believe that RO water is more like 5.5 or 6 pH vs 7. If you are ballparking I would go with 7.
Like yourself I was using BnW without a pH meter for a few brews but I decided that I should get a meter because I didn't want to accidentally mess up a batch of beer which I did one time.
Those adjustments look fine, excepting that your estimated mash pH is still fairly low at 5.2. I would target at least 5.4 in a darker style like a Porter to help avoid a thin beer and to help round and deepen the roast character. In the case of darker styles, low pH actually helps present a dryer and more acrid roast flavor. A low pH is OK for a dry stout, but not a porter.
Like Hopper, I also tend to reserve my alkalinity mineral additions until I have proof from my pH meter that they are needed. I brew with RO water too. I have yet to find a case with my brewing where the Bru'n Water recommended lime addition didn't need to be added. My brown ale needed lime and it ended up within being only 0.01 units off the prediction after the lime was added. My apologies to Hopper for his results since they don't seem to be typical.
To hedge your bets, I would remember the 2.3 g lime addition gives you a 5.2 mash pH. I would then also revisit the lime addition needed to bring the pH to 5.4. At least then you would have an idea of how much more it will take to boost the pH that little bit.
At the proposed 8 ppm concentration, the magnesium content will not be perceptible and it will not be a problem. In the case of a porter, its debatable whether the Mg is needed at all. It could be left out without much detriment. I tend to always add a minimal amount of magnesium to my brewing water via epsom salts just to add nuance. The proposed level certainly won't create a minerally taste in the beer.
As you would see if you played with the water pH setting on the sparge acidification sheet, water pH has a very small effect on the amount of acid that you will ultimately add. So the assumption of a pH of 7 should be OK, but lower is probably more accurate. I note that there is a decent dose of acid in the sparging water. Is the alkalinity value on the sparge acidification sheet set to a low value that would be typical for RO water? You don't want to over acidify the water. RO water typically needs little or no acidification since its alkalinity is already low.
Lookin' good. Enjoy!
Martin B
Carmel, IN
BJCP National
Foam Blowers of Indiana (FBI)
Brewing Water Information at:https://sites.google.com/site/brunwater/
Like Bru'n Water on Facebook for occasional discussions on brewing water and Bru'n Waterhttps://www.facebook.com/pages/Brun-...?ref=bookmarks
I wasn't trying to say your sheet is off I apologize. You have put out a valuable resource for the brewing community and myself and I have valued it greatly.
I was just speaking from personal experience with the sheet and darker beers like RIS's. I have only made 1 or 2 since I started using the sheet and even with a low bicarbonate level (27ppm) for some reason without adding a lot of alkalinity through brewing salts I managed to be within an acceptable mash pH range. I will continue to monitor this.
Thanks Hopper and Martin for the help, and especially to Martin for the spreadsheet.
Those additions appear reasonable. I was surprised with the bicarbonate level, but this is a very dark grist. So its probably needed. I would be surprised that you would need to bump the bicarbonate to the higher level to keep the pH from dropping too far. I would just plan on using the initial 2.3 g lime amount and go with it. If you have a pH meter, then you could assess if the additional amount is needed.
Using the 13 ppm alkalinity for the RO water is a reasonable assumption. That should help avoid overacidifying your sparging water. Since the alkalinity is already low with RO water, I don't acidify that water for my sparging use. You can acidify if you want, but its not necessary. As you can see, its a small amount of that weak acid.


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Geohash is a latitude/longitude geocode system invented by Gustavo Niemeyer when writing the web service at geohash.org, and put into the public domain. This module encodes and decodes geohash locations. See <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geohash> and...ANDYA/Geo-Hash-0.02 - 29 Feb 2008 14:42:43 GMT - Search in distribution
Geo::Hash::XS encodes and decodes geohash strings, fast. Currently this module is alpha quality (especially the "adjacent()" and "negihbors()" methods, which I just kind of copied the logic from elsewhere). Please submit tests and patches! METHODS $g...DMAKI/Geo-Hash-XS-0.00015 - 29 Aug 2012 05:28:39 GMT - Search in distribution
GeoHash is a wrapper module for use in the same interface and Geo::Hash Geo::Hash::XS. and utility method has been added to it. You can use the methods in the Geo::Hash has been implemented in only Geo::Hash::XS. METHODS $gh = GeoHash->new() $hash = ...YAPPO/GeoHash-0.01 - 30 Sep 2012 07:09:31 GMT - Search in distribution
From <http://geouri.org/>: More and more protocols and data formats are being extended by methods to add geographic information. However, all of those options are tied to that specific protocol or data format. A dedicated Uniform Resource Identifier ...ANDYA/URI-geo-0.05 - 29 May 2009 20:52:57 GMT - Search in distribution
This is the Portable Game Notation Specification and Implementation Guide, as revised on 12th March 1994. AUTHOR Interested readers of the Internet newsgroup rec.games.chess, coordinated by Steven J. Edwards "<firstname.lastname@example.com>". 0. PREFACE From the...GDR/Games-Chess-0.003 - 07 Jun 1999 12:42:08 GMT - Search in distribution
rash is an extension of the basic Perl shell: while (<>) { eval; print $@; } BASIC FUNCTIONALITY rash uses Geo::Raster, thus rasters and PGPLOT graphics can be used readily. rash adds command line editing and history with Term::ReadLine. Database con...AJOLMA/Geo-Raster-0.65 - 05 Feb 2013 09:50:02 GMT - Search in distribution
Geohash can handle easily Geohash. Geohash uses Geo::Hash or Geo::Hash::XS as a backend module. You can easy choose of Pure-Perl implement or XS implement. In addition, we have also been added useful utility methods. Why did you not used the name of ...YAPPO/Geohash-0.04 - 16 Oct 2012 04:34:35 GMT - Search in distribution
Provides access to the EOP definitions specified as XML schemas, based on GML. Up to version 1.0, these schemas where named 'HMA' (Heterogeneous EO Missions Accessibility), and the development is still part of these ESA efforts for standardization. B...MARKOV/Geo-EOP-0.13 - 29 Jan 2009 15:54:06 GMT - Search in distribution
Provides access to the GML definitions specified in XML. The details about GML structures can differ, and therefore you should be explicit which versions you understand and produce. If you need the <b>most recent</b> version of GML, then you get invo...MARKOV/Geo-GML-0.16 - 05 Jan 2014 18:34:16 GMT - Search in distribution
The original goal of this module was to produce GPX/XML files which were parseable by both GPX Spinner and EasyGPS. As of version 0.13 it has been extended to support general parsing and generation of GPX data. GPX 1.0 and 1.1 are supported. INTERFAC...ANDYA/Geo-Gpx-0.26 (1 review) - 29 May 2009 21:03:18 GMT - Search in distribution
HPA/Geo-Ov2-0.91 - 26 Oct 2007 17:46:28 GMT - Search in distribution
The Open Source PROJ.4 library converts between geographic coordinate systems. It is able to convert between geodetic latitude and longitude (LL, most commonly the WGS84 projection), into an enormous variety of other cartographic projections (XY, usu...MARKOV/Geo-Proj4-1.05 (1 review) - 22 Jan 2014 09:09:33 GMT - Search in distribution
KOKOGIKO/Geo-Hex-v0.0.2 - 16 Aug 2010 23:52:57 GMT - Search in distribution
This is a re-write of Net::GPSD::Point with the goal of being more re-usable. GPS::Point - Provides an object interface for a GPS fix (e.g. Position, Velocity and Time). Note: Please use Geo::Point, if you want 2D or projection support. USAGE print s...MRDVT/GPS-Point-0.20 - 12 Jun 2013 01:52:07 GMT - Search in distribution
Geo::Google provides access to the map data used by the popular Google Maps <http://maps.google.com> web application. WHAT IS PROVIDED Conversion of a street address to a 2D Cartesian point (latitude/longitude) Conversion of a pair of points to a mul...ALLENDAY/Geo-Google-0.05 - 26 Jun 2007 01:47:45 GMT - Search in distribution
This module is an ArangoDB's REST API client for Perl. ArangoDB is a universal open-source database with a flexible data model for documents, graphs, and key-values. More information: <http://www.arangodb.org/> SUPPORT API VERSION This supports Arang...HIDEAKIO/ArangoDB-0.08 - 25 Oct 2012 16:52:30 GMT - Search in distribution
- ArangoDB::Collection - An ArangoDB collection
Note: This package supports the older version 2 protocol. It works for gpsd versions less than 3.00. However, for all versions of the gpsd deamon greater than 2.90 you should use the version 3 protocol supported by Net::GPSD3. Net::GPSD provides an o...MRDVT/Net-GPSD-0.39 - 02 Jun 2010 03:01:44 GMT - Search in distribution
BUFR = Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data. BUFR is approved by WMO (World Meteorological Organization) as the standard universal exchange format for meteorological observations, gradually replacing a lot of older alph...PSANNES/Geo-BUFR-1.31 - 11 Mar 2015 09:49:47 GMT - Search in distribution
An object to retain host information METHODS new Create a MMM::Host object from information found in hash passed as arguments. my $mirror MMM::Mirror->new( host => 'host.domain' ); hostname Return the hostname of the host revision Return the revision...NANARDON/mmm-0.43 - 28 Nov 2009 11:59:14 GMT - Search in distribution
The "PerlBean" class models a Perl module with one package. After adding different components to the "PerlBean", the Perl module can be generated. The following sections in the code generated by a "PerlBean" are used to explain the concept. "PerlBean...ZOCCAV/PerlBean-1.0 - 04 Sep 2003 05:54:54 GMT - Search in distribution


text:
Aliexpress mini pen interview recorder Reviews
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text:
May 2009: Dan Hon, co-founder of Six to Start, the award-winning entertainment production company behind the "We Tell Stories" project for Penguin Books.
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text:
Quote, May 31, 2011
When on a summer's morn I wake,
And open my two eyes,
Out to the clear, born-singing rills
My bird-like spirit flies.
To hear the Blackbird, Cuckoo, Thrush,
Or any bird in song;
And common leaves that hum all day
Without a throat or tongue.
And when Time strikes the hour for sleep,
Back in my room alone,
My heart has many a sweet bird's song --
And one that's all my own.
When on a Summer's Morn by William Henry Davies
Posted this last night... ? Not sure where it went, but here it is again.
ej----sorry-Brain Breakdown , here!
I forgot you were doing quotes this week and posted one, thinking I was just helping out
It's like this all day long---one big ADD Party! :o)
REALLY enjoyed the poem; especially the line,
---'And common leaves that hum all day
Without a throat or tongue'.
That's the personna the garden takes on in late summer!
It hums, it parties at night,
it does exactly as it pleases
and it sticks its tongue out at me!
Mon, got any left?
You took me back, over to a time in Deerfield 16 years ago; millions of Cicadas were buzzing and buzzing so loudly, like a sci-fi movie.
All I could do was stretch my arms out from my sides and turn around and around and around---the buzzing made me dizzy, more than the turning and turning.
It was like nothing I'd ever heard and it was \
overwhelming and a little frightening.
You couldn't get the 'SurroundSound'
unless you spun slowly around and around and around.
(You know, I've 'felt' an energy in the garden before, ---it was coming up through the plants, the tree roots, the very dirt----had to be hot out)


text:
In her essay US-Turkish philosopher Şeyla Benhabib criticises the current lack of any serious multicultural dialogue between the civilisations. Instead, European and US intellectuals continue to focus on "Islamo-fascism", thereby blocking any constructive debate on Islam and migration in the WestMore
Nowruz is one of the oldest celebrations in the world. It has been a fixture on the cultural calendar in many regions for more than 2,500 years. It marks the beginning of spring and also the change of seasons in the Iranian solar calendar. Sharam Ahad offers his impressions of the celebrations.


text:
7 Racy Shows to Watch While You Wait For '50 Shades of Grey' Movie
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text:
The NBA All-Star ballot has been released.
Three Wizards are included, including two players yet to suit up this year. Insert your commentary here.
When the Wizards acquired Emeka Okafor during the offseason, one question that immediately sprung up was how coach Randy Wittman would deploy his new big man.
It would be easy for Wizards fans to look at their 0-5 record, throw up their hands in frustration and say, "Same old Wizards."
It would also be wrong.
For those that watched the Wizards' Friday night home loss to Milwaukee but perhaps were out on a Saturday night and missed the latest contest at Indiana, you know what happened: Washington scrapp
WASHINGTON (AP) Even a 12-point head start against the Milwaukee Bucks was not nearly enough for the winless Washington Wizards.


text:
A method for improving the performance of a micromachined device, preferably an angular rate microsensor, is provided. The method includes collecting data on rate bias over a selected operating phase demodulation angles for at least one tine of a microsensor and determining optimum settings for phase demodulation angles at which the rate bias hysteresis over temperature is at a minimum by applying dynamic programming.
1. A method for improving performance of a micromachined device having at least one sensing element, said sensing element having a rate bias used for determining a rate bias hysteresis over temperature, said method comprising:
determining at least two phase demodulation angles (φ1,φ2) at which said rate bias hysteresis is at a minimum according to the following steps
(i) collecting data on rate bias over a selected operating temperature range at selected phase demodulation angles for said at least one sensing element; and
(ii) selecting said at least two phase demodulation angles by applying a dynamic programming optimization method to the data collected in step (i).
2. The method of
(i) assigning to each node of a dynamic programming grid said at least two phase demodulation angles φ1,φ2;
(ii) assigning to each level of said dynamic programming grid a discrete temperature T, at which φ1, and φ2 are measured;
(iii) assigning a cost penalty of occupying each node, said cost penalty being a function of said rate bias hysteresis over temperature.
3. The method of
wherein J is said cost penalty, θ(φ1,φ2) is the rate bias hysteresis at (φ1,φ2 ), Δφ is the change in phase from a previous temperature T2 to a current temperature T1, Avg(φ1,φ2, . . . , θn) is the average value of the rate bias hysteresis evaluated at n pairs of phase demodulation angles that neighbor (φ1,φ2), and θT1 and θT2 are the rate biases for tines 1 and 2 at (φ1,φ2), n is an integer that identifies phase pairs symmetrically surrounding (φ1,φ2) in a two-dimensional space consisting of all admissible values of (φ1,φ2), Wθ, Wφ, WN, and WT are weights assigned to a restriction placed on φ1 and φ2, said weights being finite numbers greater or equal to 0.
4. The method of
5. A method of optimizing a cost function over an initially chosen temperature range by determining optimum phase settings, said method comprising:
(i) choosing a pair of phase demodulation angles, φ1 and φ2, at the highest temperature;
(ii) evaluating said cost function for said pair of phase demodulation angles;
(iii) determining a lowest-cost path by recording the minimum cumulative cost incurred in moving backward from the highest temperature to the next highest temperature until the lowest temperature is reached;
(iv) recording phase demodulation angles, φ1 and φ2, that lie on said lowest-cost path, at each temperature.
This application claims priority from Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/157903 entitled �An Algorithm for Identifying the Demodulation Phases that Minimize Micromachined Rate Bias Hysteresis Over Temperature� filed on Oct. 5, 1999, the entire specification of which is incorporated herein by reference. This invention relates to a method for improving the performance of micromachined devices. More specifically, this invention relates to a method for minimizing rate bias hysteresis over temperature for micromachined angular rate sensors. One such sensor is the μSCIRAS� product manufactured by AlliedSignal of Redmond, Wash. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,510,802; 4,590,801; 4,654,663; 4,665,748; 4,799,385; 5,396,797 and 5,866,816, are related to angular rate sensor technology. The performance of the micromachined rate sensor depends on many factors. Unfortunately, developers of micromachined devices do not have control over all of the factors that affect the performance of the micromachined rate sensor, but there are some parameters over which designers do have control. In a micromachined angular rate sensor, two such parameters are referred to as the �phase demodulation angles�. These parameters affect one of the dominant error sources in the angular rate measurement, the magnitude of the bias hysteresis over temperature.
The phase demodulation angles are numerical values that are stored in the micromachine firmware. During normal operation, these parameters are used by the digital electronics of the microsensor to govern the operation of the signal processing that they implement. Empirical evidence has revealed that a significant source of poor performance (i.e. the rate bias hysteresis) will change depending on the phase demodulation angles used in the digital signal processing of the system.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art of micromachined devices to provide methods for improving their performance by minimizing the rate bias hysteresis.
It is an object of the invention to provide methods to improve the performance of micromachined devices.
It is another object of the invention to minimize the rate bias hysteresis over temperature of micromachined devices, preferably angular rate microsensors.
It is another object of the invention to provide methods of optimizing phase demodulation angles at which the bias hysteresis over temperature is minimized.
The present invention provides a method for improving the performance of a micromachined device having at least one sensing element and capable of producing a frequency modulated signal. The micromachined device is preferably a silicon microsensor that can measure angular rate and/or linear acceleration of a moving object. The sensing element of the microsensor can be at least one tine having a rate bias used for determining a rate bias hysteresis over temperature. The performance of the micromachined device is improved by determining at least two phase demodulation angles at which the rate bias hysteresis over temperature is at a minimum.
The present invention also provides a micromachined device having at least one sensing element, wherein the rate bias hysteresis over temperature of the sensing element has been minimized by using the method of generating optimum phase demodulation angles according to the method of the present invention.
As a result of the present invention a unique method of obtaining and reducing data from a micromachined sensor that can be utilized to derive phase demodulation angles that minimize the bias hysteresis is provided. This method produces an optimum set of phase demodulation angles. The data collection method involves the collection of rate bias data over temperature using various phase demodulation angle settings. The subsequent data reduction method involves the minimization of the rate bias hysteresis over temperature using methods of dynamic programming optimization.
Other improvements which the present invention provides over the prior art will be identified as a result of the following description which sets for the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The description is not in any way intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but rather only to provide a working example of the present preferred embodiments. The scope of the present invention will be pointed out in the appended claims.
With reference to the accompanying eight sheets of drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system for minimizing rate bias hysteresis.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a set of curves each of which represents the rate bias output for tine 1 of the micromachined device for a given phase setting.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a set of curves each of which represents the rate bias output for tine 2 of the micromachined device for a given phase setting.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a dynamic programming grid used to find an optimal path from point A to point B.
FIG. 5 is a section of the dynamic programming grid as shown in FIG. 4 illustrating a start of a method of finding an optimal path from point A to point B starting at point B.
FIG. 6 is a section of the dynamic programming grid shown in FIG. 4 illustrating the cumulative costs to proceed from level N to Level N-2.
FIG. 7 illustrates steps 1 and 2 of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows a contour plot of rate bias hysteresis as a function of tine 1 and tine 2 phase in a specified temperature range.
FIG. 9 illustrates a comparison of results obtained for rate bias hysteresis by using a standard method and the optimized method of the invention.
The present invention is a method for improving the performance of a micromachined device. The method of the present invention is applicable to any micromachined device capable of producing a frequency modulated signal.
A useful micromachined device which can benefit from the method provided by the invention is a micromachined microsensor that can measure both linear acceleration and angular rate. The microsensor can be made of quartz, metal alloys, silicon and the like. The micromachined device should have at least one sensing element such as, for example, a tine. The output of the device is a set of three information-bearing signals that can be processed to obtain the desired rate and acceleration measurement. Successfully decoding the information in these signals depends on certain parameters that control the behavior of digital electronic circuitry that processes the signals. Two of these parameters are referred to as phase demodulation angles, phase settings, or, simply, phases. There are two phase settings that are under control of the digital electronics in the device. Each phase may be set independently of the other, and the bias error in the output of the device depends strongly on the phase settings.
Ideally, the output of the micromachine would have a bias error that is always equal to zero. In principle, the phase demodulation angles can be set so that the bias error in the output of the device is exactly zero. However, empirical evidence has shown that even if the phase settings are held constant, the rate bias error is not constant when the temperature of the device changes. This variation occurs because the relationship between the phase settings and rate bias error varies in an unpredictable way with temperature.
Unfortunately, this relationship cannot be modeled with perfect accuracy. Even after the phase/bias relationship is modeled over temperature, there are residual bias errors that are unacceptably large. The end result is that the bias error cannot be completely compensated with temperature modeling alone. However, it is possible to minimize the impact of these residual errors by finding those phase demodulation angles that produce a minimum residual bias error. To this end, an optimization method has been developed to find those phases that minimize the residual bias error in the angular rate output.
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of the rate bias hysteresis minimizing system according to the present invention. An angular rate sensor 10 produces an output which is decoded by decoder 15 based on parameters such as phase demodulation angles. The decoder is connected to a processor 20, which computes an optimum set of phase demodulation angles by utilizing the method of the present invention. Alternatively, the decoder 15 could be a part of the computer 30. The optimum set of phase angles is stored in memory 25 of the computer 30, which also includes the processor 20. Alternatively, as described further, if a polynomial is fit to the optimum phase settings, the coefficients of this polynomial are also stored in memory 25.
Finding the phase demodulation settings that minimize bias hysteresis is accomplished by first collecting data from the micromachined device. The data required from the device is obtained according to the following procedure:
1. The device and its associated hardware is set in a temperature chamber that is immobile.
2. The temperature of the device is slowly varied over a selected temperature range. For example, the temperature can be varied from 25� C. to 60� C. to 0� C. to 25� C. It is to be understood that this temperature range serves only as an example. The data collection method described herein is not restricted to this temperate range, and the optimization method described below can be applied to data collected over any temperature range.
3. While the temperature is changing, the phase demodulation angles are set to their minimum values, φ1 and φ2.
4. The rate outputs from tines 1 and 2 of the micromachined device is for several seconds, and these average values are recorded. The current temperature, T is recorded. The sum of the two values recorded represent the rate bias error for both tines at the temperature T and for the phase settings (φ1, φ2).
5. The phase settings φ1 and φ2 are incremented by 1 degree each. If the phase settings have reached some previously specified maximum value, they are reset to their original minimum values.
6. Steps 3 through 5 are repeated until the temperature profile reaches its end.
FIGS. 2 and 3 show an example set of data collected from a single device. As the figures show, there are several curves, each of which represents the rate bias output over temperature from each tine of the device for a given phase setting. In each figure the x-axis shows the temperature in degrees centigrade and the y-axis illustrates the rate bias over temperature. The actual measurement is given in counts. A count is the measurement of one period of vibration of a tine. Counts can be converted to degrees/hour, a more conventional measurement unit.
After the data collection is complete, a set of data has been obtained that includes the rate bias outputs from both tines at various discrete temperatures for various phase settings. Once this data has been collected, the method can be applied to find the phase settings which, over the operating temperature range, result in the lowest rate bias hysteresis.
1. Dynamic Programming
The method for finding the optimum phases settings utilizes an optimization method referred to as dynamic programming. Dynamic programming is a tool that can be applied to discrete dynamic systems. The purpose of dynamic programming is to find a set of parameters that minimize (or maximize) some performance criterion for a system that varies as a function of some independent variable. Before describing the manner in which dynamic programming applies to the selection of optimal micromachined phase settings, it is instructive to provide the reader with an explanation of the principles of dynamic programming. The concepts behind dynamic programming problem can best be described with an example.
Suppose that we wish to find an optimal path from A to B in FIG. 4. Movement is restricted to take place only from left to right and must pass through the intersections in the grid, which are referred to as �nodes.� All of the nodes that lie on a vertical line define a �level� of the grid, and movement is permitted between levels only and cannot take place between nodes on a single level. The numbers at the intersections in the grid represent the �cost� or �penalty� for passing through that intersection. The goal is to find the path from A to B that has the smallest cumulative cost.
Attempting to identify the lowest-cost path by evaluating the cumulative cost of every possible path from point A to point B is prohibitively expensive. The solution to this problem is to start at point B and work backwards through the grid to point A. For the example in FIG. 4, the cost of moving from level N to level N-1 is easy to compute because there are only two possible paths from one level to the next. FIG. 5 shows the cumulative cost to move from level N to either node of level N-1. The cost of going to Node 1 is the cost of being at point B (6) plus the cost of being at Node 1 (6). The cost of going to Node 2 is the cost of being at point B (6) plus the cost of being at Node 2 (2). From this it can be seen that the lowest cost path from level N-1 to level N is equal to 8 and is through Node 2.
To find the lowest cost path from level N-2 to level N, one need only add the costs at each node of level N-2 to the cumulative costs at level N-1 shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 6 shows the information needed to make this calculation. The diagram shows, at level N-1, the cumulative cost to proceed from level N-1 to level N. It also shows the cost of occupying each node (Nodes 1, 2, and 3) at level N-2, and the arrows show all possible directions of travel from point B to each node on level N-2.
From this diagram, one can deduce that the cost of moving from Node 1 (of level N-2) to point B is 13 and the cost of moving from Node 3 to point B is 14. The cost of moving from point B to Node 2 of level N-2 depends on whether the path passes through Node 1 or Node 2 of level N-1. If the path passes through Node 1, the cost is 12+4=16; if the path passes through Node 2, the cost is 8+4=12. So, the lowest cost path from point B to each node of level N-2 is 13 (Node 1), 12 (Node 2), and 14 (Node 3). If the optimization were to end here, then the lowest cumulative cost of traveling between level N-2 and point B would be obtained by moving from Node 2 of level N-2 to point B through Node 2 of level N-1. To continue the optimization through the grid to point A, one need only proceed backward through the grid in the manner outlined above.
2. Application To The Method of Finding Optimum Phases
The problem of finding the optimum phases φ1 and φ2 over temperature can be cast into the form of a dynamic programming problem. For this application, each �level� in the grid corresponds to a different discrete temperature, each �node� in the grid corresponds to a particular (φ1, φ2) pair, and the �cost� of occupying a node corresponds to the value of a performance-related index. When one recognizes this relationship between phase settings, performance, and temperature, then it becomes apparent that dynamic programming provides a suitable solution to this problem.
The only point that requires further clarification is the performance-related index that is needed to assign a �cost� to each node in the grid. The simplest performance index is the rate bias hysteresis. After all, minimizing the rate bias hysteresis is a direct measure of performance that we wish to minimize. However, further consideration reveals other requirements that limit the admissible values of φ1 and φ2. The following section describes the restrictions placed on φ1 and φ2 and includes a derivation of the performance index that is used in the dynamic programming optimization.
3. Restrictions on the Choice of φ1 and φ2
3.1 Large Changes in Phase Over Temperature
If we take rate bias hysteresis as our performance index, then, at any given temperature, there is a unique (φ1, φ2) phase pair that minimizes the rate bias hysteresis at that temperature. However, simply choosing φ1 and φ2 in this manner results in large discrete changes in φ1 and φ2 from one temperature to the next because noise in the data can create false minima. Furthermore, discontinuous changes in phase setting with temperature are undesirable and do not make sense in terms of the device's physical operation. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict the size of the change in phase that can be made from one discrete temperature to the next. The manner in which this restriction is incorporated into the optimization is shown below.
3.2 Phase Settings Near Other Settings With Large Hysteresis
In addition to avoiding discrete jumps in phase from one temperature to the next, there are other restrictions that we wish to place on our choice of φ1 and φ2. For example, we wish to avoid (φ1, φ2) pairs that are near other (φ1, φ2) pairs for which the rate bias hysteresis is large. So, even if some phase setting (φ1,0, φ2,0) results in the lowest rate bias hysteresis at temperature T0, we should not use this phase setting if the rate bias hysteresis is large at the phase setting (φ1,0+δ, φ2,0+δ), where δ is some �small� phase change. The rationale for implementing this restriction is that the phase/bias relationship might be unstable over time; this implies that a phase setting that originally corresponded to a small rate bias hysteresis could take on the characteristics of its neighboring phase settings, ultimately resulting in a larger rate bias hysteresis.
3.3 Phase Settings for Which Individual Tine Hystereses Are Large
Another restriction that we wish to place on the choice of φ1 and φ2 involves the bias output of each tine individually. To understand this issue, one needs to understand that the angular rate output of the device is the sum of the outputs from each tine. Therefore, the bias hysteresis in the rate output is the algebraic sum of the bias in each tine individually. Therefore, if the bias in the two tines have opposite signs and nearly equal magnitudes, then the individual tine biases will cancel, resulting in a net bias that is smaller than either tine bias alone. However, it is more desirable for the individual tine biases to be small (rather than large). The reason is that it is more likely that small changes in the device as it ages will result in a large net bias if the individual tine biases are large. Therefore, we wish to avoid (φ1, φ2) pairs for which the individual tine biases are large.
3.4 Phase Settings to Improve Performance in a Vibration Environment
In addition to the restrictions enumerated above, there are others that can be placed on the choice of φ1 and φ2. For example, in the presence of a high vibration environment, it may be necessary to fix the value of φ1 relative to φ2. Mathematically, this can be stated as requiring that the difference between φ1 and φ2 remain constant. Restricting φ1 and φ2 in this fashion improves the performance of the μSCIRAS device in the presence of high vibration because it forces the signal processing electronics to eliminate timing differences in the paddles' response to the vibration input. Under these circumstances, it may be desirable to restrict the value of (φ1−φ2) to be constant.
4. The Cost Function
As described above, because of the restrictions placed on our choice of φ1 and φ2 choosing the optimum (φ1, φ2) pair over temperature is more complicated than simply choosing that pair corresponding to the minimum bias hysteresis. The �optimum� choice of phase over temperature must take into consideration all of the competing restrictions on the phase settings. In order to find those phase settings that maintain a low bias hysteresis and simultaneously take into consideration the restrictions on φ1 and φ2, we define the following cost function:
where θ(φ1, φ 2) is the rate bias hysteresis at (φ1,φ2), Δφ is the change in phase from the previous temperature to the current temperature, Avg(θ1,θ2, . . . ,θn) is the average value of the rate bias hysteresis evaluated at n phase pairs that neighbor (φ1, φ2), and θT1 and θT2 are the rate biases for tines 1 and 2 at (φ1, φ2). Note that n is an integer identifying a phase pair that neighbors the phase demodulation angles φ1, φ2. The neighbors of the phase pair (φ1, φ2) are defined as any set of phase pairs that symmetrically surround (φ1, φ2) in the two-dimensional space consisting of all admissible values of (φ1, φ2). For example, one could define the neighbors of (φ1, φ2). to be the set of four phase pairs given by (φ1�δφ,φ2�δφ). In this example, n would be equal to 4, and the quantity δφ could be chosen arbitrarily by the analyst. As an example, on can refer to Step 5 of the Data Collection method described above, in which δφ is set to 1 degree. Judicious selection of δφ requires that δφ be much smaller than the full range over which φ1 and φ2 vary.
The quantities WΘ, W φ, W N, and WT are weights that cause the individual penalties to figure more or less prominently into the total cost. These weights should be chosen with care because they have a strong influence on the outcome of the cost function J. Numerically, these weights can be finite numbers greater or equal to 0. There is no prescribed means for the selection of numerical values for the weights. Numerical values for the weights embody the analyst's judgment as the relative importance of each of the restrictions placed on φ1,φ2, as represented in each of the terms on the righthand side of the equation from the cost function J. Selection of values for the weights is thus necessarily left to the judgment of the analyst. It is noted that the cost function J, as defined, does not include the restriction requirement described to improve performance in a high vibration environment.
For example, one method for choosing numerical values for the weights WΘ, Wφ, WN, and WT is to normalize the weights so that each restriction on the phase pair (φ1,φ2) is assigned approximately equal importance. Specifically, if the weights were assigned as follows:
where Θ(φ1,φ2)max is the maximum value of Θ(φ1,φ2) for all (φ1,φ2) pairs over all temperatures, max[Avg(Θ1,Θ2, . . . , ΘN)] is the maximum value of Avg(Θ1, Θ2, . . . , ΘN) for all Θ(φ1,φ2), and max(Θ1 2+Θ2 2) is the maximum value of (Θ1 2+Θ2 2) for all Θ(φ1,φ2). The value for Wφ above is based on our experience as to a reasonable value for this weight and is consistent with the intent of this example. Assigning values in this fashion could approximately normalize the weights so that none of the terms in the cost function always dominate the value of J.
The cost function is calculated for every (φ1,φ2) �node� at every temperature. As the form of the function indicates, it mathematically incorporates a �penalty� for poor performance (i.e. rate bias hysteresis) plus a �penalty� for violations of the restrictions on phase. It therefore embodies the performance index and the restrictions that we placed on the phase settings. A dynamic programming method can be applied to minimize this cost function over the desired temperature range.
5. The Method Mechanization
The method is applied by first choosing a (φ1,φ2) pair at the highest temperature i.e., point B in FIG. 4. The value of J is then evaluated. Then the method steps backward in temperature, recording the minimum cumulative cost incurred in moving from the highest temperature to the next highest temperature. As this process proceeds, the method records those (φ1,φ2) pairs at each temperature that lie on the lowest-cost path. When the lowest temperature is reached, the method will have found the phase-temperature profile that, over the full temperature range, will produce the lowest cumulative cost.
The steps of the method are as follows:
1. The rate bias residuals for both tines at every phase setting is computed. A 4th order polynomial is applied to fit to the bias outputs recorded for both tines over temperature. The measured data is subtracted from the polynomial fit. The results thus obtained are referred to as bias residuals.
2. A cubic spline is fit to the bias residuals versus temperature. FIG. 7 illustrates steps 1 and 2.
3. At a given temperature, the residuals from tine 1 at every phase setting to the residuals for tine 2 are added at every other phase setting. Adding the individual tine residuals provides a prediction of the total rate bias hysteresis. If the rate bias is measured at N phases for tine 1 and N phases for tine 2, then this step results in N2 sets of rate bias residuals over temperature.
4. The area within each of the N2 hysteresis curves over temperature is computed.
5. At this point, a 4-dimensional function, i.e. the rate bias hysteresis as a function of tine 1 phase, tine 2 phase, and temperature has been derived from the original date. In order to prepare the data for the application of the dynamic programming method, it is necessary to break the full temperature range up into M bins (equally spaced in temperature). Within each temperature range, the mean hysteresis curve area as a function of tine 1 and tine 2 phase settings is computed. Within each temperature range, then, is a 3-dimensional function, namely, the rate bias hysteresis as a function of tine 1 phase and tine 2 phase. FIG. 8 shows a contour plot that represents this function; it shows the rate bias hysteresis versus tine 1 and tine 2 phase settings within a particular temperature range. In FIG. 8, the color in the plot is related to the rate bias hysteresis. Dark colors, i.e. black, represent areas of low hysteresis and bright colors, i.e. red, represent areas of high hysteresis.
6. At this point, a set of M 3-dimensional functions that represent the rate bias hysteresis as a function of φ1 and φ2 over temperature was obtained To find the optimum phase settings over temperature, the dynamic programming method was applied as previously described.
6. Normal Device Operation and Results
Application of the dynamic programming method will produce the phase settings that optimize the equation for the cost function J over temperature. After determining these optimum phase settings, one can fit a polynomial to the settings over temperature. The coefficients for this polynomial can then be stored in the memory of the computer that performs temperature compensation for the device during normal operation. During subsequent operation, the computer can read the current temperature and calculate the optimal phase setting for that temperature.
FIG. 9 shows results obtained using a non-optimized method and the optimized method described in the present invention. In the non-optimal method, the values of φ1 and φ2 are chosen so that the value of the rate bias is zero at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius; these values are then held constant over all temperatures. FIG. 9 shows the rate bias hysteresis for each of several mechanisms. On the y-axis, the figure shows the root-mean-square value of the rate bias hysteresis that was measured over temperature using the optimized and non-optimized methods. Results using the two methods are grouped together for each sensor. Each sensor is identified by its serial number, which is shown on the x-axis.
As FIG. 9 shows, using the optimized method of the invention results in a substantial performance improvement. By contrast, when using a non-optimized method, none of the 28 sensors meets the performance specification. Thus, when using the optimized method of the invention, 8 of the 28 sensors meet the target performance specification and 5 more come very close to meeting it.
Thus, while there have been described what are presently believed to be the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will realize that other and further modifications can be made without departing from the true spirit of the invention and is intended to include all such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the claims as set forth below.
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|2 - 7 nights
Rarely does one arrive at one's vacation destination and exclaim, "Wow this is Beyond Belief!" No other words can better describe your emotions as you step out of your taxi and get your first glimpse of Cabarete Baywatch. The shocking turquoise blue of the ocean, the magnificent swaying palms, the plethora of multi colored kites, the miles of white sand that shape the bay, and the roar of the ocean are all elements that combine to trigger emotions you never knew you had! And all of this within plain sight of where you will be spending your well earned Caribbean vacation.
Located on the most sought after spot in Cabarete Bay you are just steps away from a wide a range of exciting sport activities (including windsurfing, and kite boarding), wonderful beaches, great restaurants, and hot night life.
What could be more exhilarating than being able to watch the Atlantic Ocean from almost every room in this newly renovated home on the bay? Walk into the expansive living room and you will be startled by a breathtaking view that can only be described as "picture perfect". The pool, the lawn, the palms, the sand, the ocean, the kites, and the windsurfers all combine in an explosion of colour that keeps you standing still in amazement! Take off your sandals and cool your feet on the porcelain floor tiles as you move around to the rest of this newly decorated and furnished four-bedroom, four-washroom (1 in pool house) villa. Wake up to the sounds of waves crashing on to the beach and stroll over to a large, 12 foot ceiling kitchen, to prepare your morning brew. Beverage in hand walk straight out to the Baywatch Gazebo or better still walk up to the rooftop Baywatch Tower from where you can watch the bay slowly come alive.
Soak in the tranquility while you listen to the tropical birds sing and feel the light winds pick up over the ocean. Turn around and view the beautiful mountains of this remarkable island while you contemplate your multiple choices of what to do today. With maid service provided everyday (except Sunday) forget about any of the dreary chores at home and just unwind in the pool or under the shade of one of many palm trees on this large property. The back bedroom offers you your own private outdoor veranda with a view to the ocean where you may choose to spend some time on your own. Walk around our private and secured community of Bahia de Arena – Private Residences on the Bay - and you will be impressed with the cleanliness of the common areas and the friendliness of our staff and our security personnel. Welcome to our home we affectionately refer to as Cabarete Baywatch – where you will live the fantasy!
From almost every angle in this newly renovated 4-bedroom villa you will experience an uninterrupted and awe inspiring view of the ocean, from the private raised sun deck you can admire what is now one of the Dominican Republic's most sought after bays, cool off in your private pool, or just relax while you read under the shade of your gazebo.
Step through your own private exit directly on to the beach and head into the small and quaint town of Cabarete. Get your hair braided, take a kiting lesson, get a massage on the beach, stop for a Cerveza, or just relax and soak in the sights and sounds of this wonderful Dominican town.
Welcome to Cabarete Baywatch....................Beyond Belief
My wife and I have been travelling to the Dominican Republic for the last 15 years. When we discovered Cabarete on the north coast of the Dominican Republic we decided there was no other place for us and our then teenage kids.
Geoff purchased this villa in 2007
Cabarete has a mix of people from all over the world and for good reason is called the water sports capital of the Caribbean. Young or old there is something for everyone! You Tube or Google 'Cabarete' and experience the vibrancy of Cabarete for yourself!
Baywatch is within a short walking distance on the beach into the center of Cabarete where life goes on everynight into the wee hours of the morning. Kiteboarding, Windsurfing, Paddle boarding just minutes away. And when you want a break from all the action spend quality time at Baywatch in a resort like setting.
Our group of 3 couples (early 40's), were looking for the ultimate location to unwind and have fun. We found that and more at Baywatch!
Upon arrival we discovered that the house, surrounding area, and amenities were as listed. The grounds and the house are very well kept. The cleaner came every day, and some days we just asked for clean towels and sent her on her way. Each couple had their own bedroom and bathroom, which was nice. And the property is large enough that there were many spots you could get away if you wanted alone time.
We were a 10min, inexpensive, cab ride to get groceries. We only needed to call Jose and he would promptly pick us up, wait for us, then drive us back to the house. Pretty much anything you want for groceries can be found. We shopped at Janet's, which has good selection with prices I would compare to CDN grocery costs.
We spent some time walking the beach and watching the amazing kites. There are also restaurants, shops and bars down the beach, which is about a 15min walk. Lots to choose from and great food/music.
The customer service provided by the property team was fantastic. Extremely friendly and quick to respond.
We would recommend this property to others without hesitation. You will not be disappointed!
We've been coming to this house for several years now and have never been disappointed. The view and access to the beach is wonderful. The house is well-designed to accomodate a variety of guests. The housekeeper is lovely and so accomodating -- if anything is wrong, she takes care of it right away. The grounds are beautiful. The kitchen is decently equipped for those few nights we don't walk into town for dinner. The Cabarete Coffee restaurant is just a few minutes walk and they have great food and amazing coffee. Everyone in my family has a favorite activity -- my husband likes to take long swims in the ocean and jog on the beach then nap on a sun chair. My teenage daughters bounce between the beach and pool and sunchairs, sometimes sunbathing on the roof. I prefer quick swims and then reading in the little gazebo, watching the kiteboarders. It really is a wonderful place!
This was the fifth time my friends and I rented the Baywatch house in Caberete. Not only is it one of the best locations on the beach, they have also continued to impeccably maintain the property and add some new appointments like a beautiful patio dining room table set.
The staff continues to be friendly, professional and reliable. We will be returning in 2016.
Cabarete Baywatch was magnificent and just the getaway we were looking for as a family. A big backyard where the boys threw a football and took dips in the pool when they weren't in the ocean. Right on the beach, the weather each day treated us to sunshine and kite surfers from morning 'til night. The professionals coordinating the trip for us were superb and even found a local cook to come in and prepare some meals for us while we were there...something we would recommend to everyone. This is definitely a place we would visit again. Thanks Geoff for a great vacation.
Great villa on the beech, villa and pool cleaned on a daily basis. Bars and restaurants near by. Good place for family or friends.
We have visited Cabarete many times. In our opinion, BAYWATCH is the best location and house on the beach. Apart from the amazing view, the home offers ample space with exceptionally well-maintained pool and landscaping. Also, the housekeeper does a fantastic job with keeping everything clean. We have already given our deposit for next year and look forward to returning to this slice of paradise.
The north coast of the Dominican Republic has long been known for it's all-inclusive hotels, it's beautiful beaches, and it's wonderful people and their culture. However, just 25 minutes east of Puerto Plata international airport is the north coast's best kept secret: The international village of Cabarete – the adventure and fun capital of the Caribbean. Unlike the 'prisons'; of the all inclusive resorts in Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, La Romana, Playa Dorada etc. Cabarete Bay has recently become known as the Caribbeans free spirit vacation destination where there is indeed something for everyone from all parts of the world.
Golf: Two excellent courses to choose from. Playa Dorada just 20 minutes west of us and Playa Grande, with 10 oceanfront holes, just 45 minutes to the east of us.
|Rental Period
|Minimum Price
|Additional Nights
|Weekend Night
|Event Price
16 Jan 2015 - 15 Apr 2015
2 night minimum stay
for 2 nights
16 Apr 2015 - 20 Jun 2015
2 night minimum stay
for 2 nights
21 Jun 2015 - 31 Aug 2015
2 night minimum stay
for 2 nights
1 Sep 2015 - 14 Dec 2015
2 night minimum stay
for 2 nights
My Standard Rate
2 night minimum stay
for 2 nights
Rates are subject to change until reservation is confirmed.
Deposits are not refundable can be used at a future dates based on availability.
30% non refundable deposit and balance upon arrival through credits cards via Paypal
Please Note: The owner of this property accepts payment in the original currency specified (USD), before use of conversion tool. The conversion tool is provided for your convenience only. The owner may accept other currencies if specifically agreed in advance.


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Dana Lyon of North Platte was sentenced to 1-3 years in the Nebraska State Penitentiary for his fifth offense of driving under the influence of alcohol and driving under suspended license.
Lyon, 59, received credit for the 101 days he has spent in the county jail.
His license had already been suspended for 15 years and he is in the midst of that term, but Lincoln County District Judge Richard Birch re-imposed the suspension to begin again.
Lyons record actually shows eight convictions for driving under the influence, but some were long ago.
Defense attorney Martin Troshynski asked the court for probation, noting that Lyon is a combat veteran of Vietnam and has had a drinking problem since returning home after the war.
Deputy Lincoln County Attorney Jennifer Wellan objected. Wellan said that probation was previously tried and within three months Lyon started drinking again.
Birch agreed that probation would probably serve no purpose.
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red and black bugs?!?!?!!?
My yard and patio has been taken over by bugs that are red as young, and turn black with red stripe when mature. I cannot identify the bug, and don't know if it is beneficial or not. My guineas won't eat them, and I hate the idea of using DE or poison, but I can't kill them with my shoe fast enough. Any suggestions or identification will help.
One of my friends said she heard the forresetry depratment released similar described bugs to eat something in the river, but I kayaked this evening, and didn't see a one in the river.
YES! I'm being overrun with this little buggers myself! They are almost diamond shaped and the adults FLY when bothered. They live in the mulch. I have thousands of them. I'm going to go look up Box Elder bugs and see if that's them. I have no idea if they are harming plants. I never seem to catch them on any plants, just in the mulch. I swear, it looks like the ground is moving there is so many of them!
I've not had boxelder bugs, but apparenlty some plants, like cedar trees and golden chain trees, attract them to your yard. Which is why I wouldn't plant either very close to the house. You might want to look them up and see what attracts them. I don't think it's the mulch, since I've never had them and have been using cedar mulch for years.
But who knows. Google and find out.


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DEFINITION of 'Brunei Investment Agency'
The Brunei Investment Agency is a government-owned investment organization that manages the sovereign wealth fund for Brunei. According to the U.S. State Department, the Brunei Investment Agency has approximately $30 billion in assets under management as of 2009.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'Brunei Investment Agency'
The funds deposited with the Brunei Investment Agency are primarily the surplus revenues from the development of Brunei's oil reserves. The investment agency is highly secretive and little is known about its governance, holdings or investment strategy. The Brunei Ministry of Finance's website for the Brunei Investment Agency provides only its hours of operation and an email address for business inquiries.
National Fund For Hydrocarbon Reserves ...A sovereign wealth fund administered by the Banque Centrale de ...
Sovereign Credit RatingThe credit rating of a country or sovereign entity. Sovereign ...
Central BankThe entity responsible for overseeing the monetary system for ...
Reserve CurrencyA foreign currency held by central banks and other major financial ...
Sovereign Wealth Fund - SWFPools of money derived from a country's reserves, which are set ...
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Portland Timbers
Por tercera temporada consecutiva, Portland tendrá un equipo profesional de fútbol en la ciudad que ellos mismos denominan "Soccer City, USA".
Y, además de los traspasos que han llevado a cabo hasta el momento, los Timbers tendrán desde hoy la plena seguridad que su estadio JELD-WEN Field contará con el mismo apoyo que hasta hoy han tenido en las gradas.
Los leñadores han anunciado que ya se vendieron por completo todos los abonos para la temporada 2013, renovando 96% de sus abonados de este año.
Una de las fanaticadas más impresionantes de la MLS, vuelve a responder… Las palabras sobran, así que disfruten de las imágenes:
Y si quedaron con ganas de más, el volante mexicano del Valencia español, Andrés Guardado, y el colombiano de los Timbers Diego Chará, nos llevan a la tribuna de Timbers Army:
Give Caleb Porter some credit. The new Timbers head man wasted no time in proving he's plenty clever enough to navigate the MLS rulebook.
So clever, in fact, that he broke some MLS ground on Monday by convincing New York to throw in the Homegrown rights to Akron sophomore Bryan Gallego in a trade for Kosuke Kimura.
It's not the first time a Homegrown player has changed hands via trade in MLS – Colorado acquired Josh Janniere from Toronto – but it's the first time an unsigned Homegrown player has been included in a transaction (Janniere was signed by TFC as a condition of the deal). Now, nobody can be sure the US U-20 prospect will actually put pen to paper with the Timbers just yet, but it's still a great bit of business by the Portland boss, especially since he has first-hand knowledge of Gallego from coaching him the past two years at Akron.
Of course, the question going forward is whether or not this trade will add Homegrown rights to the list of assets clubs bring to the bargaining table. Is Porter blazing a path no one will follow, or will college players tied to MLS academies become the next big trade chip, a la minor-league prospects in Major League Baseball?
I'm already convinced that the next step in player development is not actually academy-to-MLS signings. Instead, the logical way forward, for the time being at least, is to develop players in the academy and send them off to a prominent college program to ensure they're ready for the rigors of MLS without impacting the salary cap or 30-man roster. Once the the time is right, clubs can sign the prospects ready to make the jump without using a SuperDraft pick or risking another team reaping the rewards of their developmental efforts.
Clearly, some players will have the chops – and enough interest outside of MLS – to force clubs to lock them up early and send them straight from the academy to the first team. Zach Pfeffer, who just sealed a year-long loan move to Hoffenheim at 17 years of age, is a perfect example.
And for those preparing the bash the college system as a developmental route, take a quick look at your team's roster. Odds are there are handful of college products in the starting lineup, and the likes of Chris Wondolowski, Matt Besler, Omar Gonzalez, Will Bruin, Graham Zusi and Chris Pontius (among many, many others) can all thank NCAA soccer for helping them prepare for success in MLS.
Is it perfect? No chance. Can MLS teams make it work to their advantage? That's been proven time and time again.
What do you think? What role, if any, will Homegrown rights play this offseason and in the years ahead?
Il n'aura pas fallu attendre longtemps après la finale de la Coupe MLS pour voir le marché des transferts s'animer. Trois clubs ont déjà été particulièrement actifs : Salt Lake, New York et Portland.
La grande lessive était annoncée dans l'Utah après l'élimination en demi-finale de conférence contre Seattle. Les premiers bouleversements dans un noyau stable depuis plusieurs années se concrétisent avec les départs des valeurs sûres que sont Olave, Espindola et Johnson, prélude à la quête d'une nouvelle vedette offensive. Notons aussi le transfert de Justin Braun à Toronto en échange d'Aaron Maund. Ces changements n'annoncent toutefois pas un départ à zéro, puisque Salt Lake conserve d'autres joueurs clefs comme Beckerman, Saborio ou Morales.
Olave et Espindola ont pris la direction de New York qui a aussi attiré Kimura, défenseur de Portland. Selon plusieurs analystes, l'équipe sera remodelée pour la saison prochaine, avec un nouveau joueur désigné (la rumeur annonce l'ancien Lyonnais Juninho) mais probablement sans Sébastien Le Toux ni Kenny Cooper, pourtant son meilleur buteur cette saison.
Outre Johnson, Portland est allé chercher Harrington, arrière latéral barré à Kansas City, et ce n'est qu'un début selon le directeur général Gavin Wilkinson, qui annonce un nouveau visage pour son club en 2013. Le défenseur central Eric Brunner n'en sera pas : il a signé à Houston, ce qui laisse présager un départ du Québécois André Hainault.
Dans le même temps, la liste des joueurs admissibles au Processus de repêchage a été dévoilée : avec un contrat qui n'a pas été renouvelé ou dont l'option n'a pas été levée, ils peuvent toujours négocier avec leur club actuel mais pourront être recrutés par une autre formation ce vendredi. Parmi eux, quelques noms ronflants comme Segares ou De Guzman. Eh oui, encore beaucoup d'animation en vue cette semaine sur le marché !
By now you've probably seen "the list," the group of guys available for the third-ever MLS Re-Entry process, which includes Stage One and Stage Two Re-Entry Drafts on Dec. 7 and 14.
Things could certainly change between now and then – guys could opt out of the process, come to new terms with their clubs, be traded to another MLS team or head overseas – but I thought it would be interesting to see what kind of lineup you could pluck from those made available by their clubs.
Without too much in-depth research, below is my Re-Entry XI. Feel free to discuss and share yours in the comment section below.
Goalkeeper: Kevin Hartman
Defense (left to right): Gonzalo Segares, Marvell Wynne, Ike Opara, Jeremy Hall
Midfield (left to right): Justin Mapp, Julian de Guzman, Tony Tchani, Eric Avila
Forwards: Juan Pablo Ángel, Maicon Santos
Somehow this little bit of news slipped through the cracks last week.
While most eyes around here were focused on the MLS Cup final, Portland Timbers forward Kris Boyd and Vancouver Whitecaps forward Kenny Miller hit the training pitch with their former club, Rangers, over in Scotland.
They trained with the first team, giving the younger players in the side "a wee education," as manager Ally McCoist put it.
"I've always said that if you play for this club it never leaves you," McCoist told Rangers.co.uk about Boyd's return. "There's no doubt about that.
From 2006-2010, Boyd scored 127 goals for the 'Gers, winning the Scottish Premier League Golden Boot four times during that period. Rangers were banished this year to the country's fourth tier due to financial insolvency, but they won two Premier League titles during Boyd's time there.
Miller saw similar success for the Light Blues, notching 146 goals in all competitions in two separate stints at Ibrox. He won the Golden Boot in 2011, capping a three-year run that saw the 'Gers three-peat as SPL champions.
Should we read into their appearance at Rangers' training facility, Auchenhowie? Probably not. In fact, considering that both players failed to live up to expectations in 2012, the extra work can only help.
The playoffs are upon us, but if that isn't enough to satiate your thirst for soccer, we've got another contest to keep you busy throughout November.
Yes, it's time to select another AT&T Goal of the Year. Just like 2011, 64 of the year's best strikes – including all 31 AT&T Goal of the Week winners – are up for nomination, and a fan vote will whittle the field down all the way down to the year's best strike.
Whose goal are you looking forward to seeing in contention? One of David Beckham's many wonderstrikes? Or perhaps your tastes run more on the Fredy Montero side?
Tune in to MLSsoccer.com tomorrow, Oct. 31 at 1 pm ET, to find out the first 16 goals up for election and cast your vote!
In the meantime, tide yourself over with last year's winner, an absolute stunner from the Portland Timbers' then-rookie, Darlington Nagbe:
The San Jose Earthquakes topped the final regular season installment of the MLS Power Rankings on Tuesday, and it was a fitting end to an impressive season for the Quakes. Although they were one the season's biggest surprises (MLSsoccer.com had them ranked No. 9 at First Kick), the Quakes ascended to the top spot in Week 16 and never really let up.
In fact, the Quakes held the top spot in the Power Rankings for 17 weeks this season (tops among all teams), and led the way for 14 consecutive weeks after reaching the top midway through the season. They relinquished their spot just once - to Sporting Kansas City in Week 30 – but claimed it again the next week and carried the torch each of the final three weeks of the season.
Some other notes on Power Rankings this season:
- The biggest surprise of the year was easily D.C. United, who came in at No. 16 at the First Kick poll in early March and finished the regular season at No. 3. They also proved to be one of the most volatile teams on the poll this year, rising to No. 2 in Week 15 before plummeting back to No. 12 as late as Week 28 before they surged down the stretch to finish in the top 3.
- The biggest disappointment was easily the Portland Timbers, who carried the No. 8 ranking into First Kick and effectively slipped into a free fall from there. They bottomed out at No. 19 in Week 19 and ended up holding that spot for a total of seven weeks this season.
- Toronto FC led the league with most weeks spent at the No. 19 spot – 14.
- Six teams held the bottom spot at least once this season – Toronto, Portland, Chivas USA, Philadelphia, FC Dallas and Montreal. The Impact held that spot at First Kick but never graced it again after Week 4.
- Five teams held the No. 1 ranking at some point this season – San Jose, Sporting Kansas City, Real Salt Lake, Seattle and the LA Galaxy. The Galaxy held it at First Kick and never got it back, slipping all the way down to No. 17 in Weeks 11 and 12. The swing of 16 spots is the largest of any team in the rankings this season.
- The most stable team this season was Sporting Kansas City, who never fell lower than No. 7 and spent a total of seven weeks at No. 1. The Seattle Sounders and Real Salt Lake both bottomed at No. 8 and reached No. 1 at various points in the season.
- The Houston Dynamo also never fell outside of the top 10 at any point this season, falling as low as No. 9 and rising as high as No. 2 in Week 22.
- The biggest one-week jump of any team this season belonged to San Jose, who leaped from No. 9 to No. 3 in Week 4 after a 1-0 win in Seattle. The Quakes never fell lower than No. 4 the rest of the way.
- The biggest one-week drop also came in Week 4. FC Dallas plummeted from No. 6 to No. 15 after a 4-1 loss at D.C. United.
- The Vancouver Whitecaps are the only playoff team not ranked in the top 10 at the end of the season. They fell to No. 12 in Week 25 and have languished outside the top 10 ever since.
- Chivas USA was only team to go out the way they came in. They were ranked No. 18 at First Kick and finished No. 18 in the final rankings on Tuesday, having never climbed any higher than No. 12.
Note: There were no rankings for Weeks 13-14 due to international dates.
Si la saison de Chivas USA s'arrêtera à la fin du mois, le « deuxième » club de Los Angeles, en pleine disette offensive, aura pourtant un rôle crucial à jouer d'ici là. Au cours de ses derniers matchs, il affrontera une fois Vancouver et deux fois Dallas, les deux équipes qui luttent pour le dernier sésame qualificatif dans la conférence Ouest.
Tout commencera ce soir en Colombie-Britannique (22h00 HE), probablement sans Mattocks blessé, avec un Camilo en quête de rédemption et un Matt Watson à son tour encouragé par Martin Rennie, toujours aussi positif. Pour mieux comprendre la situation à Vancouver, ne manquez pas l'émission Coup Franc de la semaine, avec Alain Rochat.
Un peu plus au sud, Portland, lui aussi déjà écarté de la phase finale, pense à la Coupe Cascadia, qui pourrait sauver sa saison. Il pourrait se l'adjuger en cas de bon résultat à Seattle ce dimanche, mais sera reçu chaudement : 66 000 billets ont déjà trouvé preneur !
L'autre rencontre de la soirée opposera Chicago à Philadelphie (20h30 HE). Un match déjà dans l'ombre du déplacement de Chicago à New York ce samedi... lui-même occulté par une nouvelle majeure à New York : l'arrivée du duo Jérôme De Bontin - Gérard Houllier. Le premier, ancien président de l'AS Monaco, prend la place d'Eric Soler au poste de directeur général et se concentrera sur les opérations commerciales du club. Le second, qui a entre autres dirigé Liverpool et l'équipe de France, est pour sa part en charge des aspects sportifs.
Seattle se qualifie, le LA Galaxy se fait peur : on peut résumer ainsi la soirée de mercredi des clubs de MLS en Ligue des champions. Aux Puerto Rico Islanders, les Californiens ont été muets offensivement et ont dû compter sur leur gardien Brian Perk pour sauver un point (0-0) : leur qualification se jouera le 25 octobre à Metapan. Seattle est déjà assuré de passer l'hiver au chaud grâce à sa victoire dans un match course-poursuite à Marathon (2-3). De bon augure avant le sommet de samedi contre San José.
D'autant que le leader est passé bien près de la catastrophe dans son match de championnat d'hier : chez lui, il a failli offrir sa première victoire en déplacement à Portland, qui menait 0-2 grâce à deux réalisations de Danny Mwanga. Mais Wondolowski est monté et a marqué deux buts synonymes d'égalisation (2-2).
La première a finalement eu lieu à New York. Après moult difficultés pour se rendre à destination, Kansas City a profité d'erreurs en début de match de l'équipe locale, qui avait pourtant juré qu'on ne l'y reprendrait plus, et lui a infligé sa première défaite à domicile de la saison (0-2).
Dans la lutte pour la cinquième place de la conférence Est, Columbus a remporté une victoire précieuse 1-0 contre Chivas USA grâce à un but tardif de Meram, et met la pression sur DC United qui se déplace ce soir à Philadelphie (direct RDS2, ESPN2, TSN2).
Classements de la Ligue des champions
Classement du championnat
Cliquez sur un résultat pour voir le résumé vidéo
Do you like the Caleb Porter signing for Portland? Because I do.
Here are a couple of positives:
He'll likely keep Darlington Nagbe playing like this. Way back in February, everybody in Timbers camp assured me that Nagbe was one of the most talented players in the league. Then head coach John Spencer went so far as to say he's the most talented player in MLS.
I shook it off as a coach predictably trying to build the confidence of a youngster who'd shown flashes, but didn't seem to have the mindset (or a clear position) to be successful. Nagbe didn't score enough to play as a second forward, didn't pass aggressively enough to be a No. 10, and didn't work the flanks like a winger. Barring the Goal of the Year vs. Sporting KC, his 2011 season was, frankly, disappointing. He was a guy you'd want on your side in five-v-five keep-aways, but not in a game that counts.
GOAL: Nagbe puts the Timbers ahead
And that continued to be the story until about three weeks ago. Something clicked, and now Nagbe is a devastating force any time he's in the final third. Y.P. Lee doesn't get left on his rear too often, but that's exactly what happened this weekend when Nagbe scored the opener in the 2-1 win over the Whitecaps.
I'm happy about this not just because the Timbers deserve a bit of luck, but because Nagbe is in the process of getting his US citizenship (and is reportedly fairly close). And anyone who's playing this well, and is that tidy with the ball, will hopefully translate that to the international level.
Porter, of course, coached Nagbe at Akron, and brought the best out of him there. So purely from a "Selfish US Fan" perspective — yes, I like this hire.
I also like what Porter's done with Akron. Recruiting to northeast Ohio is, we'll say, just a bit harder than recruiting to Westwood or Chapel Hill. He had a vision for his program, and saw it out against fairly significant odds.
That success in the college ranks is actually a pretty good predictor of MLS success. It's something I had the chance to talk with Frankie Hejduk about last season, as he was riding the wave to his second Shield/Cup double with one of the great teams in MLS history. He'd done so before, back in 2008 with the Columbus Crew — one of the other great teams in MLS history.
To paraphrase, Hejduk felt that the biggest similarity between the 2011 Galaxy and 2008 Crew was the way the teams were managed. Bruce Arena and Sigi Schmid — the two best managers in MLS history (apologies to Dom Kinnear) — had created an atmosphere that Hejduk compared to college, an atmosphere of competitiveness but unity that he said doesn't often exist at the professional level.
Coming from a guy who's played in the UEFA Champions League, the CONCACAF Champions League, a pair of World Cups and won the Supporters' Shield winners in three different decades, that observation has some weight.
Porter, by all accounts, is cut from the same cloth. A lot of people see a college background as a handicap, but Frankie and I see it as a plus.
And here are the negatives:
Porter's Under-23 Olympic qualifying team was lamentably rigid. He stayed with the 4-3-3 come hell or high water, and the US both burned and drowned. The Canadians exposed his squad badly, and then he failed to adjust for the group finale against El Salvador. You want to forget, but you remember.
It's a case of him failing to make the best use of his available resources. This past U-23 group was loaded with pacey wingers and fullbacks who can cross, and big, strong forwards who can finish those crosses. A 4-4-2 was called for given the personnel — imagine El Salvador trying to contain Terrence Boyd and Will Bruin, just for a moment if you would. It's laughable.
But the adjustment never came. It was 4-3-3 to the very end, and it was ugly. The good news for Timbers fans is that he hasn't been that rigid at Akron, so perhaps it wasn't really his call with the U-23s.
He gets cute and plays guys out of position far too often for my tastes. Sometimes the best bet is just to keep it simple, and he seems to be against doing that a bit too often. I don't know if it's because he's young or if it's just how he's wired, but it definitely puts a ceiling on my expectations from him.
Anybody who watched MLS in 2011 — anybody! — could've told you that Perry Kitchen (another Akron product) was going to struggle at central defense in Olympic qualifying. It was also fairly apparent even at that point that Amobi Okugo would end up being a backliner.
Yet Kitchen spent the tournament in the heart of defense, while Okugo played defensive mid. Five months later, that's practically inconceivable.
Not to sell the job short, but 90 percent of managing is keeping the players pointed in the right direction emotionally and then putting everyone in the right spots on the pitch. I have little doubt that Porter will be successful at the first (I can't stress this enough: Every single player I've talked to who's played for him at any level absolutely loves him).
For the second ... if I were a Timbers fan, that's where my worries would be.


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Anonymous warning signs on 15th Street NW alarm residents
Someone has posted signs along 15th Street in Northwest D.C., warning women that someone who lives on the block is secretly taking pictures and videos of female joggers and walkers.
The Reef reaches agreement with D.C. to reopen in Adams Morgan after stabbing
The Reef, a popular Adams Morgan bar could be close to reopening after a compromise was reached between the bar owners and the city.
Javar Robert Allen shot to death in SE
Javar Robert Allen of Southeast Washington was shot to death early Saturday, police say. A reward is offered for the arrest and conviction of his killer.
MPD: Man, woman shot on Elmira St. SE
Police say a man and a woman were shot on Elmira Street SE early Saturday. They were conscious and breathing.
Dewitt Davis, 75, missing in D.C.
Police in the District are looking for Dewitt Davis, who was last seen Friday around noon. He may be in need of medical attention.
Donald Dubose accused in May 2012 shooting death
Arrest Made in Homicide: 1200 Block of Stevens Road, SE
Anacostia hit-and-run crash injures two people
An MPD spokesperson says that the crash happened just after 7:30 a.m. outside the Anacostia Neighborhood Library at 18th Street and Good Hope Road Southeast.
Torrence Joseph Allen fatally shot in Southeast
Police say Torrence Joseph Allen was shot several times in Southeast Washington Thursday evening. He later died at a hospital. A suspect has not been identified.
MPD: One dead in single-vehicle crash
Police say the driver hit a parked car and overturned on Nannie Helen Burroughs Avenue NE around 9:30 a.m.
MPD: Juvenile arrested in connection to armed robberies
A juvenile has been arrested in connection to a string of armed robberies within an hour in Southeast Washington. There separate robberies were reported within about an hour Thursday.
Bloomingdale, Edgewood burglary suspect arrested
A suspect has been arrested in connection with what police believe is a string of at least eight burglaries since April in the Bloomingdale and Edgewood neighborhoods of Washington.
Randolph Harris death: Jermaine Brown charged with murder
A Northwest D.C. man was arrested Thursday, nearly a week after Randolph Scott Harris, Jr. was found shot to death in his apartment on Euclid Street NW.
Adams Morgan hate crime suspects still on the loose
Authorities still do not have anyone in custody in connection to a perceived hate crime that occurred in Adams Morgan early Saturday morning; an assault that D.C. Police Chief Cathy Lanier says "doesn't make any sense."
Julisa Washington found dead at 4th and Chesapeake in SE D.C.
Police say they are investigating the death of a woman found Monday morning in Southeast D.C. One person is in custody.
SE DC sex assault: MPD seeks four suspects
The Metropolitan Police Department is looking for four suspects in connection with an assault that occurred July 28 in the 1300 block of 13th Street, SE.
MPD officer accused of punching teen at Columbia Heights Metro station
An MPD officer allegedly punched a teenager early Saturday morning while he was being placed under arrest at the Columbia Heights Metro station, DCist reports.
MPD: Robbery, assault investigated as hate crime
Police say three black men approached a white man just before 1:30 a.m. Saturday in Northwest Washington, shouted "This is for Trayvon Martin" and then assaulted and robbed him.
Patient jumps out of one D.C. ambulance, steals second ambulance
When a D.C. ambulance had a traffic accident Saturday morning, the patient on board jumped out and stole a second ambulance that had arrived to help. D.C. police caught the man, who was allegedly under the influence of PCP.
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When people look at me, I want them to know every role in my life that I have to play. I play it well. When i have to be a father, Im the best father that you'll ever see. when I have to be a husband , I'll be the best husband. When, I'm a brother, when I'm a son, when I'm a teammate, when Im a player, when I'm a role model. Those things I really take a deep passion and love for. When you get to a point in your life when you prioritize things , and you realize that you don't have to play all these roles at the same time. I have to be a father when I have to be a father. I'm not a father when I'm playing football, you know what I'm saying? Im a football player i have to play football. So when i was able to say okay, now I'm a dad, now I'm a husband, now I'm a football player, now I'm a brother, now I'm a son. It's so much easier to communicate and to be open to things.
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RT @AtlantaFalcons: LB @Ob_Scho knows what this Falcons defense needs to achieve high sack numbers: http://t.co/JKI7S7Pcp0 #RiseUp http://t…
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The 9Three
Remember last March, when free agency started and the New York Giants agreed to a two-year, $8 million contract with a Seahawks pass-rusher named O'Brien Schofield, only to back out once he failed the physical? To read the rest of the article by Dan Graziano click here.More Details
The Arizona Cardinals drafted O'Brien Schofield in 2010 knowing he was still recovering from a torn ACL suffered at the Senior Bowl. They knew he would need time to round into form, but viewed him as a developmental pick, someone who they could snag at a lower draft position than his skill set would dictate because of the fact that he was not ready to play yet. To read the rest of the article by Adam Green click here.More Details
"I look at it now, and it probably was one of the bigger blessings of my career because I got the chance to work with this group of guys and these coaches again,'' To read the rest of the New York Post's article by Paul Schwartz click hereMore Details
Seahawks linebacker O'Brien Schofield talks to "The Huddle" about returning to the Super Bowl and compares the two runs to the title game. Check out the interview with The Bob and Groz show below. To here the interview with The Bob and Groz show click here.More Details
What's up 12s? I thought it would be a cool idea to get my blog going during the 2014 season as a way to keep everyone informed as to what's going on in my life on and off the field. Throughout the season, I'll be doing game recaps, hosting trivia contests, giveaways and other cool things as a way to thank all of you that support us unconditionally! The 2014 season is off to a great start after our win last week against the Packers. It was a complete team win for us – both the offense and defense executed from start to finish. Not to mention, the stadium was Read moreMore Details
The Seahawks are Super Bowl bound. It took a fourth-down touchdown pass from Russell Wilson to Jermaine Kearse and a tipped pass in the other end zone in the fourth quarter with 22 seconds left, but the Seahawks defeated the defending NFC Champion 49ers in the NFC Championship game 23-17 at CenturyLink Field on Sunday to give them a spot in Super Bowl XLVIII against the Denver Broncos on Feb. 2. The 2013 Seahawks, who matched the franchise-best 13-3 record posted by the 2005 team during the regular season, have now equaled that team's performance in the postseason by winning two playoff games at home to advance to the Super Bowl. The Seahawks took Read moreMore Details


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WAMC New York News
4:58 pm
Fri June 3, 2005
Jazz Festival Begins in Burlington
By Pat Bradley
Burlington, VT – The ten-day Burlington Discover Jazz Festival begins this weekend. Thirty thousand people are expected to attend this largest annual event in Vermont to experience a range of student, regional and national musicians playing a varirty of jazz genres.
WAMC's North Country Bureau Chief Pat Bradley has more.