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Though Jon Setzer has always had high expectations of himself, when he graduated from CWU in the spring of 2012 to a well-paying job and a promising career, it was a surprise to both him and his parents.
Setzer is the first in his family to earn a college degree. "Attending college was something new to me," he says. "Neither of my parents attended college, so I wasn't sure what to expect."
That's why Setzer became a TRiO scholar at CWU. TRiO is different from programs that simply help students overcome financial barriers to higher education. TRiO supports students by teaching them how to solve problems. Advisers assist them in accessing campus resources, managing their time and money, refining study skills, and managing academic life.
Setzer worked hard at school and in a job for the Athletic Department while pursuing a degree in construction management in CWU's College of Education and Professional Studies. In his senior year, he flew to Reno, Nevada to participate in a competition sponsored by national construction companies looking to hire young graduates.
"They tested us by asking us to develop and present a complete plan for a hypothetical commercial construction project," says Setzer. "And within 18 hours we developed estimated budgets, logistics, and a construction schedule. Then we presented our materials, competing with students from throughout the West Coast."
After his success in that competition, Setzer received two job offers in February of his senior year. "I couldn't believe I had multiple offers four months before graduation," says Setzer. "I was the kind of student that had to work hard for my grades. None of it came easy and being able to have a job and career locked down so early was a big deal."
Setzer's parents were surprised and proud. In fact, his success has inspired family members to pursue their own dreams. His youngest brother is now attending a community college. His middle brother is completing a paramedic program and his mother graduated from the Evergreen Beauty College in Bellevue last summer. The photo above is of Selzer and his mother on her graduation day.
Setzer now works as a project engineer for Skanska USA Building in Seattle, a leading company that provides comprehensive construction services and develops public-private partnerships with an expertise in everything from small renovations to billion-dollar projects.
"I develop and manage everything from the contract process to the execution and building of the actual project. I also work as the middle man between the design and construction teams, finding solutions to issues as they arise," says Setzer. "I really love what I do." Setzer has been working for Skanska for almost two years and is on his second project for Boeing. "We have some exciting projects in progress which could potentially land me across the country," he says.
Setzer is good at finding solutions—and opportunities. CWU's TRiO Program made sure of that.
CWU volunteers, led by Joanne Perez, program manager, Center for Excellence in Leadership, spent spExplore Your Passions In Life And Leisure Classes
CWU's Office of Continuing Education is launching a variety of new public programs for adult learThe 'Burg And Recreation Center Partner On Fitness Frequency
88.1 The 'Burg and University Recreation have partnered on a new music and announcement service ca


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We first witnessed their chemistry in the movie "The Silver Linings Playbook" in which Jennifer Lawrence had won an Oscar for it. They were also a couple on the much talked about movie "American Hustle" where they played husband and wife.
This year the two are out again with a new movie where they would also play a couple together in the movie adaptation of Ron Rash's novel "Serena." Jennifer Lawrence may be good friends with all her sexy co-stars but is her boyfriend Nicholas Hoult alright with it?
The movie is a thrilling one which may earn both Cooper and Lawrence an Oscar for themselves. The movie is described by fashionandstyle.com as:
"George had fathered an illegitimate son years back when living in the mountains and Serena being from the city proves to learn quickly at living in the wilderness. They both protect their land and kill anyone who goes against them. When Serena finds out that she cannot bear a child of her own, she sets out to kill George's illegitimate son but finds out that he and his mother may be protected by her husband."
It sounds like a great movie but what does Nicholas Hoult think about it? He seems to be secured enough with his relationship with Jennifer Lawrence as the two have spent the holidays together and seem to be getting rather serious. Jennifer Lawrence may be close with Bradley Cooper and maybe best of friends but it seems that their chemistry is only for their movies together.
People can't wait for the movie adaptation of Ron Rash's novel "Serena" to be released. The movie has a great plot and it looks to be a good movie to watch as well.

subset: commoncrawl


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After a career in design, Eraclis is now a full-time artist and has developed a very dramatic and distinctive style, particularly specialising in colourful, abstract cityscapes.
Gillian's work is full of movement and energy. Great for livening up any space.
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Kinani Blue is an agency with over 20 combined years in business development, marketing and writing. Our success is fueled by our passion to create and engage our clients in meaningful and transformational conversations. This is how we identify solutions for your business. By being proactive, instead of reactive. Together, we'll make it work.
We listen. And in listening, we help uncover the real challenges your business is facing. Once identified, the process of creating a strategy specific to those challenges starts to take shape.
With one eye on the present, and another on the future, our strategy development looks to stay ahead of the curve. Marketing, especially content marketing, requires an agency to be flexible in process while being nimble in execution.
With a comprehensive strategy and a stable of creative talent, our efforts help put your brand in front of your key demographic. We keep your voice moving in the right direction. Contact Kinani Blue Today.
A look at our process when working on projects.
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Having a Content Marketing campaign is great, but what happens if you're missing your audience? We can help you understand the sentiment of your audience and keep you engaged.
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The Rose
This is my second times I post here, I think. Actually I do not grow roses. I grow chilies. I have a couple of rose plants the other two are very small red. They are not in the containers and without any protection they survive the winter snow many years. Since last year I started take care of my roses, such as trim and fertilize :-).
The temperature here is now 1 C to 4 C, all my other plants are dying but this rose is blooming. I am very surprised to see her potential to deal this harsh climate. She has only two flowers.
It is the same plant. The leaves are a bit yellowish, I do not know the exact problems it may cause by the climate or nutrient deficiency. I have not fertilized about 2 months now. To see these yellowish leaves I am thinking to fertilize the plant. So I am requesting some advice here.
A number of possibilities.
When the soil gets cold some plants can no longer easily absorb the nutrients that are present and plentiful in the soil. When it warms up again, they can.
It could be that the rose is getting ready to drop its foliage for the winter.
The plant could use some fertilizer. If winter is coming on, it's usually not the best time to fertilize.
There could be a soil deficiency or an extreme pH that the plant cannot handle.
If you are in the EU likely it's normal winter response. Wait until spring to do anything.
I wouldn't fertilize now. Wait until spring. The rose is going dormant now and you don't want to encourage new growth that will not make it through the winter. Otherwise it looks very happy and healthy so I'd just let it go to sleep for the winter.
That's a pretty rose. You can get some good compost and put that down in the spring. Some people here like to push straw around the plants after the ground freezes but before the snow piles up around the stems to save more green wood for spring.


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I got a block of rooms at the Surfcomber for my wedding guests during my wedding weekend in May 2013. Surfcomber gave us a great group discount, and they delivered our welcome bags to all of our guests for us! Our wedding guests raved about the pool-side happy hour and the rooms. My wedding photographer even used the beautiful grounds (lobby, poolside, garden) for some wedding portraits! We love Surfcomber and will definitely use them again!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- There's no need to daydream. Your stay at the beachfront Surfcomber Hotel in Miami Beach places you in the core of South Beach life. Ocean views, sparkling pool, and swaying palm trees. Direct beach access and easy, warm hospitality. Surfcomber Miami, South Beach, a Kimpton Hotel puts the best of Miami at your doorstep while taking you a world away from all your worries. Play hard, sleep well and indulge in luxury services and amenities at our boutique South Beach hotel. ... more less
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- Also Known As:
- Doubletree Miami Beach
- Miami Beach Doubletree
- Doubletree Surfcomber


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Spice plants
CTA, Aug 24, 1993 - Cooking - 114 pages
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text:
The preparation of isocyanurate foams from a recycled polyethylene terephthalate polyol modified with a polyethoxylated nonylphenol is disclosed. These modified foams exhibit improved fluorocarbon solubility. The foams may be used for building roofing and sheathing applications.
1. A terephthalic ester polyol produced by reacting recycled polyethylene terephthalate with a 1 to 20 molar ethoxylate of an alkylphenol wherein the alkyl comprises from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
2. The polyol of claim 1 wherein recycled polyethylene terephthalate is reacted with about 5 wt % to 50 wt % of ethoxylated alkylphenol wherein the alkyl comprises from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
3. The polyol of claim 2 wherein the ethoxylated alkylphenol is in an amount of 10 wt % to 25 wt % and the alkyl is from about 9 to 12 carbon atoms.
4. A rigid foam obtained by reacting in the presence of a blowing agent and a catalyst of polyisocyanurate or polyurethane formation, an organic polyisocyanate and polyol component comprising the terephthalic ester polyol of claim 1.
5. A modified terephthalic ester polyol produced by reacting a recycled polyethylene terephthalate based polyol with about 5 to 50 wt % of a 1 to 20 molar ethoxylate of nonylphenol to form a modified terephthalic ester polyol.
6. The polyol of claim 5 wherein the recycled polyethylene terephthalate based polyol is reacted with about 10 wt % to 25 wt % of the 2 to 10 molar ethoxylate of nonylphenol.
7. A rigid foam obtained by reacting in the presence of a blowing agent and a catalyst of polyisocyanurate or polyurethane formation, an organic polyisocyanate and polyol component comprising the modified terephthalic ester polyol of claim 5.
8. A mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols produced by reacting:
a. recycled polyethylene terephthalate;
b. an oxyalkylene glycol of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n ranges from 2 to 10;
c. and about 5 to 50 wt % of a 1 to 20 molar ethoxylate of an alkylphenol wherein the alkyl is from 8 to 16 carbon atoms to form a mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols.
9. The mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols claim 8 produced by reacting about 10 wt % to 25 wt % of a 2 to 10 molar ethoxylate of nonylphenol.
10. A rigid foam obtained by reacting in the presence of a blowing agent and a catalyst of polyisocyanurate or polyurethane formation, an organic polyisocyanate and polyol component comprising the mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols of claim 8.
11. A mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols produced by:
a. reacting recycled polyethylene terephthalate with diethylene glycol and at least one or more oxyalkylene glycol of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n ranges from 2 to 10, wherein the mole ratio of glycols to recycled polyethylene terephthalate is greater than 1.2:1;
b. stripping off as overhead at least 5 wt % of the reaction product from step a. based on the reactants charged, where at least 25% of the overhead is ethylene glycol; to form a mixture of terephthalic ester polyols of average hydroxyl number between 100 and 500;
c. reacting the mixture of terephthalic ester polyols with about 5 wt % to 50 wt % of a 1 to 20 molar ethoxylate of an alkylphenol wherein the alkyl is from 8 to 16 carbon atoms to form a mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols.
12. The mixture of claim 11 wherein the mixture of terephthalic ester polyols is reacted with about 10 wt % to 25 wt % of a 2 to 10 molar ethoxylate of nonylphenol.
13. The mixture of claim 12 wherein in the ethoxylate of nonylphenol the ethoxylation averages from about 3 to 4.
14. The mixture of claim 12 wherein in the ethoxylate of nonylphenol the ethoxylation averages about 3.15.
15. The mixture of claim 11 wherein in step a. a functionality enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of alpha-methyl glucoside, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and glycerine is present during the reaction.
16. The mixture of claim 11 wherein in step a. alpha-methyl glucoside is present in an amount up to 10 wt % based on the total weight of reactants charged.
17. A rigid foam obtained by reacting in the presence of a blowing agent and a catalyst for polyisocyanurate or polyurethane formation, an organic polyisocyanate and polyol component comprising the mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols of claim 11.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to modified terephthalic ester polyols useful in preparing rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams. More particularly, the invention is a mixture of terephthalic ester based polyols modified with an ethoxylated alkylphenol.
2. Description of Other Relevant Compounds in the Field
It is known to prepare polyurethane foam by the reaction of polyisocyanate, a polyol and a blowing agent such as a halogenated hydrocarbon, water or both, in the presence of a catalyst. One particular area of polyurethane technology is based on rigid polyurethane foams.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,824 (Grisby, et al.) issued Sept. 4, 1984 describes polyols produced by reacting scrap polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with diethylene glycol and one or more oxyalkylene glycols and stripping out some of the ethylene glycol present. The mole ratio of glycols to scrap PET is greater than 1.2:1. These polyols are reacted with a polyisocyanate to produce polyurethane foams.
Rigid foams generally have good insulative properties and are thus desirable for use in building insulation. As with all building materials, it is desirable to provide rigid foams that are as fire resistant as possible. One approach to this goal is to modify the polyol.
Polyisocyanurate foams are a type which are considered to be fire resistant and show low smoke evolution on burning. However, polyisocyanurate foams tend to be brittle or friable. Various types of polyols have been devised to lower the foam friability, but what frequently happens is that the fire and smoke properties of the polyisocyanurate foam deteriorate. Thus, a fine balance exists between the amount and type of polyol one adds to a polyisocyanurate foam formulation in order to maintain maximum flame and smoke resistance while at the same time reach an improvement in foam friability. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,039,487 and 4,092,276 describe attempts at this fine balance, although each has its disadvantages.
Scrap polyalkylene terephthalate, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is known to be incorporated into polyurethanes. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,048,104 teaches that polyisocyanate prepolymers for use in polyurethane products may be prepared by combining an organic polyisocyanate with polyols which are the hydroxyl-terminated digestion products of waste polyalkylene terephthalate polymers and organic polyols. A polyol ingredient which is the digestion product of polyalkylene terephthalate residues or scraps digested with organic polyols is also described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,223,068. Another example where terephthalic acid residues are employed is outlined in U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,365 where polyurethanes are made from polyesters containing at least two hydroxyl groups and terephthalic acid residues.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,238 a polyol mixture is prepared by the transesterification of a residue from the manufacture of dimethyl terephthalate with a glycol, which is then used to produce polyisocyanurate foams having a combination of a high degree of fire resistance with low smoke evolution, low foam friability and high compressive strength. The preparation of such a polyol mixture (from ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate esterified oxidate residue) is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,647,759. J. M. Hughes and John Clinton, in the Proceedings of the S.P.I. 25th Annual Urethane Division Technical Conference, Scottsdale, Ariz. (October 1979), describe other foams prepared from the polyols of U.S. Pat. No. 3,647,759.
Another type of polyisocyanurate foam employs a polyol blend using both amide diols and primary hydroxyl polyols to give a foam having a high reaction exotherm, making it particularly suited to the preparation of polyisocyanurate foam laminates, according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,364.
The invention is a mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols which are useful by themselves or as extender polyols in preparing rigid foams. The mixtures are made by reacting recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with diethylene glycol and at least one or more oxyalkylene glycols and a 1 to 20 preferably 2 to 10 molar ethoxylate of an alkylphenol wherein the alkyl is from 8 to 18 preferably 9 to 12 carbon atoms.
It has been discovered that rigid foams may be made using the mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols of this invention either alone or as polyol extender together with other polyols. These modified terephthalic ester polyols are reacted in the presence of a blowing agent and a catalyst, with an organic polyisocyanate to form foams which exhibit physical properties which make them useful for applications such as isocyanurate panels for roofing applications and sheathing building applications. These polyols are noted for their fluorocarbon solubility.
The novel modified terephthalic ester polyols are made by using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This may be any scrap residue from old polyethylene terephthalate which contains compounds having the moiety: ##STR1##
Generally, the scrap or recycled polyethylene terephthalate may be in any particulate form. A frequently seen form is fragmentized soft drink bottles which appear as clear or colored chips. Polyethylene film can also be recycled. Any chopping or pulverizing process which produces small bits of solid PET from the larger, waste recycled article would be appropriate to produce scrap PET useful herein. Sometimes the scrap PET is mixed with a solvent to make a kind of slurry. While scrap PET slurry could be used in the method of this invention, the recycled PET chips without the solvent is also useful.
The recycled PET is simultaneously or in either order reacted with ethoxylated alkylphenol and boiling oxyalkylene glycols. Reaction with oxyalkylene glycols forms low molecular weight dihydroxy esters of terephthalic acid. Ordinarily, these diesters are quite crystalline and separate from solution as solids. Of course, the preferred products are the aromatic polyester polyol-type compounds.
Preferably, the oxyalkylene glycol has the formula ##STR2## where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl of one to four carbon atoms and n is from 2 to 10. The glycol may be a residue or a flash-separated glycol. Glycols which meet this definition are diethylene glycol (DEG), dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol (TEG), tripropylene glycol and tetrapropylene glycol, among others.
It is preferred that DEG be one of the oxyalkylene glycol reactants. Another oxyalkylene glycol be present as a co-reactant to help prevent the solids from settling out. Any single oxyalkylene glycol or mixture thereof can be used as the additional co-reactant with the DEG. These may include propylene glycol and higher molecular weight ethylene glycols, but not monoethylene glycol which is already present in the PET scrap residue in excess and must be stripped from the reaction mixture. Homogeneous polyesters have been prepared with dipropylene glycol without any diethylene glycol. Although exact proportions of these oxyalkylene glycols is not important, it is preferred that the DEG portion be the largest of the oxyalkylene glycol proportions.
It is preferred that the mole ratio of all of the glycols to PET scrap is greater than 1.2:1. It has been shown (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,824 issued Sept. 4, 1984, Grigsby, Jr. et al. incorporated herein by reference) that when this reactant mole ratio is equal to or less than 1.2:1; solids come out of the mixture after it is left standing.
The third important feature of the process for making the mixtures of this invention is the stripping of ethylene glycol (EG) during the reaction. The EG is derived from the PET during the reaction and contributes to the creation of the solids which tend to precipitate out when the mixtures are left standing. Preferably, at least 5 wt % of the charge (the reactants) should be taken out as overhead, and at least 25 wt % of this overhead is EG. It is especially preferred that 15 to 25 wt % of the charge is stripped out as overhead, and most preferably, 17 to 20 wt % as overhead.
The temperature of the preparation process should be from 190� to 280� C. Preferably, the temperature runs from about 210� to 245� C. The pressure should generally range from atmospheric or below to 40 atmospheres, preferably from 1 to 20 atmospheres. No catalyst is necessary for this preparation. The mixture of terephthalic ester polyols should have a hydroxyl number in the range from 100 to 500, with an especially preferred range between 200 and 400.
The functionality of the product may be increased by including one or more additives into the reaction to make the terephthalic ester polyol mixtures. Such additives include alpha-methyl glucoside (AMG), glycerine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, sorbitol and the like. Typically, the additive is present in an amount ranging from about 1 to 5 wt % based on the total reactant charge, although larger proportions could be used. It was found that use of excess glycerine tended to cause the undesirable precipitation of solids. If glycerine is used as a functionality-enhancing additive, it should be used in proportions up to about 10 wt %.
The terephthalic ester polyol mixture is modified by reaction as previously stated with about 5 wt % to 50 wt % preferably 10 wt % to 25 wt % of a 1 to 20 preferably 2 to 10 molar ethoxylate of alkylphenol to form a mixture of modified terephthalic ester polyols.
These modified ester polyol mixtures can serve as polyol extenders when they are blended with conventional polyols for use in polyurethane foams. The polyols of this invention can also be used alone to prepare isocyanurate foams.
There is good compatibility of the ester polyols of this invention with trichlorofluoromethane. Trichlorofluoromethane, sold under the tradename Freon� R-11B, a conventional blowing agent, is the gas entrapped in closed-cell rigid foams which accounts for the excellent insulating properties of these foams.
The second constituent of the overall polyol combination found particularly useful in preparing rigid polyurethane foams is a polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number of 200 to 800. Usually the polyether polyol comprises 0 to 95 percent by weight of the total polyol combination weight. Preferred polyether polyols of this type are the reaction products of a polyfunctional active hydrogen initiator and propylene oxide, ethylene oxide or mixed propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. The polyfunctional active hydrogen initiator most preferably has a functionality of 2 to 8.
A wide variety of initiators may be alkoxylated to form useful polyether polyols. Thus, for example, polyfunctional amines and alcohols of the following type may be alkoxylated: monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerine, sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, sucrose and alphamethyl glucoside.
Such above amines or alcohols may be reacted with an alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or mixed ethylene oxide and propylene oxide using techniques known to those skilled in the art. Thus, for example, the reaction of alkylene oxide with initiators of this type is set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,948,757 and 3,000,963. Essentially such alkoxylations are carried out in the presence of a basic catalyst at a temperature sufficient to sustain the reaction. The hydroxyl number which is desired for the finished polyol would determine the amount of alkylene oxide used to react with the initiator. As noted above, the polyether polyols useful here have a hydroxyl number ranging from about 200 to about 800. The reaction mixture is then neutralized and water and excess reactants are stripped from the polyol. The polyether polyol may be prepared by reacting the initiator with propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or by reacting the initiator first with propylene oxide followed by ethylene oxide or vice versa in one or more sequences to give a so-called block polymer chain or by reacting the initiator at once with propylene oxide and ethylene oxide mixture to achieve a random distribution of such alkylene oxides.
Especially preferred as the second polyol constituent are the nitrogen-containing polyether polyols described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,297,597 and 4,137,265, incorporated by reference herein. These particularly preferred polyols are marketed by Texaco Chemical Company as Thanol� R-350-X and Thanol� R-650-X polyols. These polyols are prepared by reacting from 2 to 3 moles of propylene oxide with one mole of the Mannich reaction product of a mole of phenol or nonylphenol with one or two moles of diethanolamine and formaldehyde.
The final polyol combination for polyurethane foams comprises 0 to 95 percent by weight of said polyether polyol and 100 to 5 percent by weight of terephthalic ester polyol mixtures of this invention. Although the liquid terephthalic ester polyols of this invention may be used alone, it is preferred that they be present in an amount of from 30 to 70 wt % of the polyol blend. For isocyanurate foams, the liquid terephthalic ester polyol is used alone or together with blends of polyester polyols and polyether polyols. The polyol combination in many instances has a total hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 500.
Any aromatic polyisocyanate may be used in the practice of the instant invention. Typical aromatic polyisocyanates include m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, dianisidine diisocyanate, bitolylene diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,4-diisocyanate, diphenylene-4,4'-diisocyanate, aliphatic-aromatic diisocyanates, such as xylylene-1,4-diisocyanate, xylylene-1,2-diisocyanate, xylylene-1,3-diisocyanate, bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane, bis(3-methyl-4-isocyanatophenyl)methane, and 4,4'-diphenylpropane diisocyanate.
Greatly preferred aromatic polyisocyanates used in the practice of the invention are methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanate mixtures which have a functionality of from about 2 to about 4. These latter isocyanate compounds are generally produced by the phosgenation of corresponding methylene bridged polyphenyl polyamines, which are conventionally produced by the reaction of formaldehyde and primary aromatic amines, such as aniline, in the presence of hydrochloric acid and/or other acidic catalysts. Known processes for preparing the methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines and corresponding methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanates therefrom are described in the literature and in many patents; for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,683,730; 2,950,263; 3,012,008; 3,344,162; and 3,362,979.
Most preferred methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanate mixtures used here contain from about 20 to about 100 wt % methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers with the remainder being polymethylene polyphenyl diisocyanates having higher functionalities and higher molecular weights. Typical of these are polyphenyl polyisocyanate mixtures containing about 20 to 100 wt % methylene diphenyl diisocyanate isomers, of which 20 to about 95 wt % thereof is the 4,4'-isomer with the remainder being polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates of higher molecular weight and functionality that have an average functionality of from about 2.1 to about 3.5. The isocyanate mixtures are known commercially available materials and can be prepared by the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,362,979, issued Jan. 9, 1968 to Floyd E. Bentley.
In the production of rigid polyurethane foams in the practice of the invention, other known additives are necessary. One such constituent is the blowing agent. Some examples of such material are trichloromonofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, 1,1-difluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane, chloropentafluoroethane, and the like. Other useful blowing agents include low-boiling hydrocarbons such as butane, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, and the like. See U.S. Pat. No. 3,072,582, for example. The polyols of this invention are quite compatible with fluorocarbon blowing agents unlike some of the prior art polyols which are made from PET residues.
Surfactant agents, better known as silicone oils, are added to serve as a cell stabilizer. Some representative materials are sold under the names of L-5420, L-521 and DC-193 which are, generally, polysiloxane polyoxyalkylene blocked copolymers, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,834,748; 2,917,480; and 2,846,458, for example.
The catalysts which may be used to make the foams of this invention are well known. There are two general types of catalyst, tertiary amines and organometallic compounds. Examples of suitable tertiary amines, used either individually or in mixture, are the N-alkylmorpholines, N-alkylalkanolamines, N,N-dialkylcyclohexylamines and alkylamines where the alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc. Examples of specific tertiary amine catalysts useful in this invention are triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, triamylamine, pyridine, quinoline, dimethylpiperazine, dimethylhexahydroaniline, piperazine, N-ethylmorpholine, 2-methylpiperazine, dimethylaniline, nicotine, dimethylaminoethanol, tetramethylpropanediamine and methyltriethylenediamine. Useful organometallic compounds are catalysts include those of bismuth, lead, tin, titanium, iron, antimony, uranium, cadmium, cobalt, thorium, aluminum, mercury, zinc, nickel, cerium, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, manganese, zirconium, etc. Some examples of these metal catalysts include bismuth nitrate, lead 2-ethylhexoate, lead benzoate, lead oleate, dibutyltin dilaurate, tributyltin, butyltin trichloride, stannic chloride, stannous octoate, stannous oleate, dibutyltin di(2-ethylhexoate), ferric chloride, antimony trichloride, antimony glycolate, tin glycolates, etc. Selection of the individual catalysts and proportions to use in the polyurethane reaction are well within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and an amine and organometallic compound are often used together in the polyurethane reaction.
Catalysts particularly useful for isocyanurate foams include salts of organic acids such as sodium acetate, potassium octoate, tetramethyl ammonium formate, tetramethyl ammonium octoate, and tridimethyl aminomethyl phenol.
The rigid polyurethane foams prepared here can be made in one step by reacting all the ingredients together at once (one-shot process) or the rigid foams can be made by the so-called "quasi-prepolymer method." In accordance with this method, a portion of the polyol component is reacted in the absence of a catalyst with the polyisocyanate component in proportion so as to provide from about 20 percent to about 40 percent of free isocyanate groups in the reaction product, based on the polyol. To prepare foam, the remaining portion of the polyol is added and, the two components are allowed to react in the presence of a catalyst and other appropriate additives such as blowing agents, foam stabilizing agents, fire retardants, etc. The blowing agent, the foam stabilizing agent, the fire retardant, etc., may be added to either the prepolymer or remaining polyol, or both, prior to the mixing of the component whereby at the end of the reaction a rigid polyurethane foam is provided.
In one embodiment the amount of polyol combination is used such that the isocyanate groups are present in the foam in at least an equivalent amount, and preferably in slight excess, compared with the free hydroxyl groups. Preferably, the ingredients will be proportional so as to provide for about 1.05 to about 8.0 mole equivalents of isocyanate groups per mole equivalent of hydroxyl groups.
In another embodiment used for making packaging foams, the equivalents of isocyanate to equivalents of hydroxyl groups may be as low as 0.2.
The invention will be illustrated further with respect to the following specific examples, which are given by way of illustration and not given as limitations on the scope of this invention.
Ethoxylates of nonylphenol were used to improve the fluorocarbon compatibility of polyethylene terephthalate based urethane and isocyanurate foams.
The apparatus consisted of a one liter three neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer, heating mantle, and temperature controller. Surfonic� N-31.5 (140 g) and a polyester (560 g) were charged to the flask and was heated to 200� C. for one hour. The polyester had been prepared by the reaction of polyethylene terephthalate with diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol and with the removal of approximately 50 percent of the ethylene glycol contained in the polyethylene terephthalate: The analyses of the product polyester are as follows:
OH No.=239 mg KOH/g polyester, viscosity=9100 cps at 25� C., and acid number=1.28 mg KOH/g polyester.
The product polyester 5871-71-1 was tested for fluorocarbon solubility by mixing polyester and Freon� 11 and determining the maximum amount of fluorocarbon that can be used and still have a homogeneous solution. The maximum solubility was 37 percent fluorocarbon. This test was repeated using Surfonic� N-31.5 and starting material polyester in a ratio of 140 to 560. The fluorocarbon solubility of the mixture was 34 percent.
Several foams were prepared to show the usefulness of these modified polyesters.
A foam potentially useful for packaging foam was prepared as follows:
______________________________________Polyurethane Packaging Foam Formulation______________________________________Thanol � SF 5505 16.7Thanol � R-650-X 2.45Surfonic � N-120 7.5Polyester 5871-71-4 6.65Water 6.7Thancat � DPA 1.0Sil Wet � 711 0.5Freon � 11C Flourocarbon 11.7Rubinate � M 46.8______________________________________
The packaging foam exhibited a reaction profile of cream=17 sec., gel=68 sec., tack free=86 sec., and rise=80 sec. A nonshrinking foam was obtained.
An isocyanurate foam was prepared and the foam quality was determined.
______________________________________Isocyanurate Foam Formulation______________________________________5871-71-4 16.7Silicone DC-193 � 0.8Potassium acetate 0.6(30% in diethylene glycol)Curithane � 52 0.2Polycat � 8 0.2Fluorocarbon Freon � 11A 14.5Papi � 27 53.47______________________________________
______________________________________Physical Foam Properties______________________________________Density, pcf 1.75K-factor 0.119Closed cells (%) 94.5Δ V after 4 weeks at 158� F. 13.2%and relative humidity = 100%Butler Chimney 83.5%weight retained______________________________________
______________________________________GLOSSARY______________________________________Thanol � SF 5505 5500 molecular weight high reactivity triol - Texaco Chemical Co.Thanol � R-650-X A propoxylated Mannich condensate of nonylphenol formaldehyde and diethanol- amine; according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,265 Texaco Chemical Co.Surfonic � N-31.5 The 3.15 molar ethoxylate of nonylphenol - Texaco Chemical Co.Surfonic � N-120 The 12 molar ethoxylate of nonylphenol. Texaco Chemical Co.Potassium acetate 30% solution in diethylene glycolPolycat � 8 Polyurethane amine catalyst; AbbotThancat � DPA Two mole propylene oxide adduct of dimethylaminopropylamine; Texaco Chemical Co.Sil Wet � 711 A silicon surfactant; Union CarbideSilicone DC-193 � , A silicone surfactant made by Dow-Corning Corp.Curithane � 52 Isocyanurate catalyst; The Upjohn Co.Rubinate � M Polymeric MDI isocyanate, Rubicon Chemicals, Inc.PAPI � 27 Polymeric isocyanate; The Upjohn Co.______________________________________
Many modifications may be made in the polyol mixtures of this invention and their method of production without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention which is defined only in the appended claims. For example, one skilled in the art could adjust the temperature, pressure, reactants, proportions and modes of additions to provide polyol mixtures that give foams with optimal properties.
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A Case of Crooked Letters
By Lori Copeland
(Tyndale House Publishers, Paperback, 9780842371162, 320pp.)
Publication Date: March 2004
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Just when things are settling back to normal in the sleepy town of Morning Shade, a series of chain letters throws the townspeople into a tizzy. Who is trying to bilk little old ladies out of their money with promises of good health and untold millions?
Okay, so maybe Stella Diamond had something to do with it. But now someone else has taken up where she left off, and Stella is determined to solve the case. With her granddaughter, CeeCee, working as the new mail carier, Stella has an inside lead. What starts out as a simple chain letter can turn into full-fledged mail fraud, and someone in town is to blame.
Meanwhile Maude is busy fulfilling another book contract and dreaming of the day her financial woes will be solved. . . .
Chain letters, mail fraud, the town prankster, and a house full of animals combine to make one chain of events that just might drive the Diamond women over the brink.


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Closed - This job posting has been filled and work has been completed.
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Hi i have several files of transcriptions and i am looking for 19 person to complete them for me with a turn around of 24hrs at a rate of $5.00 per file. I am willing to distribute them today and looking to for a long term relationship with workers. hoping to have this project completed soon so please bid and lets get this done quickly.


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Centura Health has more experts in more places throughout the region. Start your health journey by finding the right one for you.
Dr. Mitchell, Medical Director of the Emergency Department at Parker Adventist Hospital, explains when to visit the emergency room versus an urgent care center. Learn about the importance of early treatment for a heart attack and stroke.
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Learn about Parker's unique service that lets you quickly check our ER wait times from your computer or phone.
Parker Adventist Hospital is designated by the State of Colorado as a Level III Trauma Center. This year we will care for more than 23,000 emergency patients with a team of seasoned professionals who ensure that patients receiving emergency services receive the finest care possible.
Taking these two steps can help you get the best and fastest care possible in an emergency.
The South Denver EMS Team representing Porter, Littleton, Parker, and Castle Rock Adventist Hospitals provides education, training, quality improvement, quality assurance, process improvement, preventative care and wellness initiatives, research opportunities and resource support to the regional EMS and lay community.
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Completely Renovated!4 Bedrooms 3 Baths. New Roof, New Flooring, New Paint, Changed Floor Plan, New Finishes, New Landscaping, New Mother in Law Building, Gated Parking for 4 Cars and too many new amenities to mention. Huge compound on a massive corner lot located right down the street from the beach and Atlantic Ocean. Sparkling kidney shaped pool with waterfall and lushly landscaped private sunbathing area. New floor plan opens up & allows both inside and out to flow as one gigantic entertaining space.
Truly Luxurious Estate situated on 3 lots totaling 18,000 sq ft of lush private property in Key West. Over 3100 sq ft of living area.The Main house offers 4 Bedrooms and 3 Bathrooms.Santos Mahogany Hardwood floors, Gourmet kitchen,Granite Counter Tops, Gas range, Custom cabinetry, G.E. Monogram Stainless Steel appliances,Bosch Dishwasher,Wet Bar, Central Vacuum system,Marble Bathroom,Central Propane System, Alarm and Servalence System,Crown Molding,Huge Living Room,Large Pool off the Masterbedroom. Sep. M
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Working to find my way in this world. I'm well rounded, able to keep pace in most any situation. I'm usually seeking new experiences.
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Robotic craft could help oil and gas firms gather marine data
A new wave- and solar-powered robotic craft could help oil and gas companies gather more information on the seas around their operations.
Oil and gas technology specialist Schlumberger has partnered with Californian company Liquid Robotics to develop services that make use of the Wave Glider vehicles.
The joint venture will see Liquid Robotics provide fleets of Wave Gliders and relevant engineering, piloting and maintenance expertise that Schlumberger can combine with its established technology.
The Wave Glider could be used to carry instrumentation for measurement of the marine environment, Schlumberger spokesperson Stephen Whittaker told The Engineer via email.
'Through the joint venture, Schlumberger industry expertise and Liquid Robotics' Wave Glider technology will help bring opportunities for new measurements and better understanding of the marine environment,' he said.
'As offshore oil and gas operations expand around the world, better knowledge of that environment will be crucial to safe and efficient exploration and production.'
Wave Gliders can operate off shore for up to a year without a crew, fuel or a dedicated support vessel. They can carry a variety of sensors and transmit data to shore via satellite as it is collected.
The system comprises a surface float resembling a surfboard with solar panels, which is attached via a cable to an underwater glider made up of a central spine with a series of protruding fins and a rudder at the end. As a wave causes the float to rise and fall, the fins on the glider move down and up, propelling the vehicle forward.
'By teaming with Schlumberger, we can greatly accelerate the availability and worldwide deployment of innovative oil and gas solutions,' said Bill Vass, chief executive officer of Liquid Robotics, in a statement.
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Econo Lodge
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Portage Canal
The prime focus behind the construction of the Portage Canal was to connect both the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers. The canal site dates back to the 1830s era and continues to gain historical significance. Through the time, the canal underwent changes and alterations and currently the Portage Canal Society is striving hard to restore it to its former glory.
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text: No need to be smug, you have riots and looting in America too. Look at New Orleans after Katrina. And more people are murdered in New York on an average night than were murdered in London last night despite the riots. Shall we Brits come and sneer at Americans next time you have violent unrest? Or shall we all agree that rioters are a tiny minority and don't reflect the national character of either country?


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The Orage Moraine Ski Jacket is not just super cute, it a perfect complement to your outerwear setup! The Orage Moraine Ski Jacket has a traditional, comfortable fit for riding the slopes, and is a perfect choice for every day use when a lady is out on the town. The hooded, waterproof outer shell contains fully taped seams, highly water resistant zippers, two hand warmer pockets, two interior media and goggle pockets and Velcro adjustable wrist cuffs. The synthetic insulated liner is ultra warm and highly breathable for all day comfort, no matter how hard you ride. The Moraine Ski Jacket protects against the harshest elements with a unique style and top level comfort, grab yours for winter fun!


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Selling and Buying at the same time
New to the forums :) Maybe you have some advice?
According to our lender, my husband and I must sell or have our current home under contract before we can get pre-approved to purchase a new home. We are in the process of listing our house for sell this week. We have already found 2 homes that we are interested in putting an offer in on. We are now wondering how this will all work out. We are really hoping that our house will go under contract and one of the homes we are interested in will still be available. What if these homes we are interested in are no longer available and our house sells? Has anyone else had a similar situation and if so how did things work out for you?
If you've got to have the home under contract for even a pre-approval, then you want to hold off on looking for a home, maybe until you save more for a down payment Usually, with enough down, plus the proceeds from the home sale, lenders don't have an issue with a pre-approval. Your lender is telling you that you don't have enough saved. Or maybe your home is underwater and you will need your savings to be able to get out from under it? Either way, hold off.
You can offer a contract contingent on your house selling.
That will make your offer a weaker offer than someone who does not have that contingency, but if you are worried, you can do that.
Most people in your situation, sell their house, then begin looking for their next home. Generally, there are more homes available to buy than people who want to buy YOUR house, so you want to sell yours first.
A good RE agent can help you with the process and correct financial protections to save you should your house sale fall through.
I would sell your present house first, then start looking for a new home. What happens if your house doesn't sell but you buy your new home? Are you financial able to carry 2 mortgages? We always sold first then bought a new home. We stayed with family or rented a house if there were no homes that we liked enough to buy. NancyLouise
It all about your debt ratio (debt to income). If you can show more income (or remove more debt, or both) you may be able to meet the minimum threshold (around 40%-45% in my case, as I recall, with Chase recently).
Otherwise, the wise (perhaps only) alternative is to:
1. Sell you house;
2. Find a new house (or rental until you find one you desire to purchase).
The days of easy money and no concern for debt limit and potential default are thankfully gone.
Good luck on your project.
KC, I went through a similar scenario in the spring and had a few tense weeks where we thought that we may go homeless, but in the end it all worked out. Are you in KC by the way, because I am familiar with that market.
We initially tried to do an offer contingent on the sell of our house, but it wasn't accepted due to the contingency. We probably could have swung two mortgages, but I am pretty financially conservative so this was a risk I wasn't willing to take. In the end our house sold very quickly which was great, but so did all the other houses out there that we were interested in. Kind of a hot market in the spring, and it was a distinct prossability that we would be unable to find a house that met our requirements. I didn't want to sacrifice what we wanted while under pressure so our back up plan was putting our stuff in a Pod and either doing a short term rental or staying with family while we continued to look.
How it worked for us....in the last hour we found a great house. The one compromise was in the price (spent a bit more than we originally thought we would like to), but we have been here for about 4 months and couldn't be happier. In the end I am glad to have upped the budget (I mentioned that I am financially conservative....too much so at times) to be in the house and location that we finally settled.
Good luck, the process is much less fun than I had thought it would be!


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Cynthia is a trusted source on Bread/Baking.
A traditional red velvet cake typically calls for 1 ounce (2 tablespoons) of red food coloring and a couple of tablespoons of cocoa powder. If you add the cocoa powder to your cheesecake batter along with the sugar and cream cheese, then add the red food color and vanilla extract after you have added the eggs, you should be fine. Here is are recipe for cheesecake and a good mixing method: http://thesolitarycook...
Simply omit the Medaglia d'Oro and Baileys and sub the red food color.
I've made this one before and it was quite good: http://www.recipegirl.com...
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As the 16 January, 2015 deadline for responding to the controversial P2P draft report draws near, and in the interests of balance and representing the whole community, Phoenix Rising presents two differing views on how to react. Today, Clark Ellis flags up important content to...
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WSJ on CFS: "Wave of New Disabilities Swamps School Budgets"
Discussion in 'General ME/CFS News' started by slayadragon, Sep 17, 2011.
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Fly fishing pics submitted by Mario San Roman
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Toeldo, OH (PRWEB) January 20, 2013
Pay It Forward recently launched a new t-shirt design that is catching the eye of many millenials. The companys turquoise Small Steps Big Difference promotes a message that, to make a difference, people just need to start with a small gesture. As with all of their other designs, Pay It Forward, uses an inspirational messages to appeal to both male and female millennials. Not only are PIFs customers outwardly expressing a positive message, their purchases are helping to raise money and awareness for some much needed causes.
For every shirt that is sold on their website, PIF donates 25% of the sale to one of the twelve non-profit organizations that it represents. Each organization represents a different cause, making it easy for customers to find an organization that represents a cause close to their heart. While of the causes are different, all of the organizations featured on the PIF website do have one thing in common, they all have exceptional financial track records. Pay It Forwards main requirement when seeking out new non-profits to partners is to make sure that the NPO is using an above average percentage of their budget to support the cause that they represent. According to the company, this vetting process is an essential step to being able to support effective and sustainable positive world change.
PIF Apparels latest design, Small Steps Big Difference features a unique design for men and women on a high quality combed cotton/jersey blend t-shirt. The short sleeve scoop neck for women, and traditional crew neck t-shirt for men, are both extremely soft to the touch and have gotten great reviews by customers that have already gotten their hands on it. This one of a kind shirt features a slick graphic design, one that deserves a double take.
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What a wonderful way to learn about Moroccan culture and cuisine!
The 4 hour cooking class was amazing! After choosing our menu from a slew of recipes, our wonderful teacher took us to the market for locals, and we bought fresh ingredients and spices. We also made a visit to the neighbourhood baker where people can bring bread dough for him to bake.
The class is for beginners and seasoned chefs. It was very hands on and we totally enjoyed cutting, dicing and kneading bread with our teacher and the Dar Attajmil cook. We made 4 salads and r'fissa (chicken with flat cakes).
Our feast was served on the rooftop terrace, and we brought the leftovers back to our lodgings to eat at a later time. We were also given a great recipe book to recreate the dishes at home.
It was not necessary to stay at the riad, but we did book the class before we left on our trip.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Charming 5 rooms Riad right in the heart of old Marrakech.We loved the Dar Attajmil, for all sorts of reasons: the excellent location, the cosy feel, the way it's cared for and, last but not least, the excellent price for what it has to offer. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Priceline and Odigeo so you can book your Riad Dar Attajmil reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Riad Dar Attajmil Marrakech
- Riad Dar Attajmil Hotel Marrakech


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WTF? During that Brewmasters show they were just doing a huge expansion.
Errr, that's where I have to correct you. My wife is older than shecky. -KCBrewer
Oh well, they will have to drastically cut the distribution for me to not be able to find them.
I'm raiding the liquor store tonight, hopefully I'm not too late.
I won't miss DFH at all. I cannot say I like any of the beers I have tried at all. All the IPA;s taste like grapefruit juice and Sam can keep all his weird screwed up beers.....
Good that he's staying true to craft and not to cash.
On Deck: Undecided
Primary: Cal Common 'Steam' Beer
Bottled: Ginger Porter, BirthdayIPA
Previous Brews: Everyday IPA
On Deck ______________ Tasty's Brown (Brown with NB)
1st Primary ____________ Sour Pliny
Kegged________________ Sangio.Port Wine
Bottle Ageing __________ Giddy Gremlin, RyIIIPAWhiskey Vanilla Porter (Bottled 4-20)SILVER - BABO - "Oaked Whiskey Vanilla Porter"SILVER - Celebrewtion - "Bourbon Vanilla Porter"GOLD - BABO - "Hoptop"SILVER - BABO - "Screaming Cream"Honorable Mention: (x2) Giddy Gremlin RyIIpa (x1) Pliny The Mexican
More for Texas!


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Canadian company Infinyte has created two solar-electric hybrid boats that offer consumers zero emissions water fun. The i4 and soon-to-be-released i8 model can run up to 8 miles per hour and 20 miles per hour respectively. The i4 turns on a dime and will power up in your garage using a standard electrical outlet.
The i4 model is 14 feet long, weighs 710 pounds, and is powered by twin 24V batteries. Perhaps the best thing about the i4 besides its green credentials is that it is controlled by a joystick. Now you can ride your own battery-powered toy boat across the lake. All this green water fun can be had in the i4 for a price of $12,999. The i8 will be 25 feet long and have a roof packed with solar panels. The i8's electric batteries will be backed up by a biodiesel generator.
4 Comments
billiebob December 24, 2013 at 7:28 pm
re…Please do not buy into a tricky advertising campaign/greenwashing.
I love the pessimism out there which assumes all electricity must come from coal… ever here of BC Hydro? Or mini hydro power?
Kudos to building a \"green\" boat. HOW we choose to recharge the batteries will determine just how \"green\" we are. Everyone else can just be green with envy.
mbogeajis May 1, 2011 at 9:23 pm
I'm thrilled, although disappointed, I did not spear head this idea. This tecnollogy is huge for all ships. Removing the exhaust tha is put into the water will be a requirment before long. Don't stop your R&D to that end.
Mike Bogeajis
AllForTheGreen April 29, 2011 at 1:39 am
Fully electric water vehicles ='s removing chemical pollutants from the waters. Simple as that. Boats do some SERIOUS pollution.
theotheremily April 27, 2011 at 11:37 am
Because electricity generation is not emissions-free and you have to plug it in, there are still emissions associated with operating the boat.
Please do not buy into a tricky advertising campaign/greenwashing.
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Video: Couple attacks Philly police with vase
A man got in an altercation with police when a woman came from behind, throwing a vase at the officers
The Philadelphia Inquirer
PHILADELPHIA — A woman was arrested Friday afternoon after police said she hit a police officer with a vase in the city's Harrowgate section.
About 2:35 p.m., officers were investigating a 21-year-old man when he began fighting with them in the 3400 block of H Street, police said. A woman, whose age was not available, emerged from a residence and struck an officer with the vase, police said.
Copyright © 2013 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Full story: Video: Couple attacks Philly police with vase
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A hot event!
In celebration of Fire Prevention Week, the Alexandria Fire Department will hold its annual open house on Monday, October 4 from 5 to 7 p.m. at the fire hall.
Cookies, coffee and juice will be served. There will be demonstrations and cash door prizes given away. A drawing will be held the night of the open house. Winners will be notified and need not be present to win.
A $20 donation per household is requested.
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&event=subscriber/lookup.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we can help you.


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Even the most partisan New Zealand follower, buoyed by victory over India earlier in the season, knew that South Africa would pose a far greater threat. So it proved. The South Africans walked off with both the Test and one-day series. The international player of the season award was a car, and Daryll Cullinan drove off in it.
But New Zealand were not overwhelmed. It was, at first glance, perplexing that a team already struggling to make ends meet and without Chris Cairns, Stephen Fleming and Craig McMillan due to injury, should have lost the Tests only 1-0. But two implacable pitches - plus the weather at Christchurch - caused South Africa more trouble than the opposition. When they did have a reasonable surface at Wellington, the weather minded its manners, and South Africa won comfortably.
Their players were still recovering from the 11-hour time difference when they lost the opening one-day international. They levelled the series in Christchurch, but lost again in Auckland, looking with dismay at the scruffy-looking strip on which they would play the First Test a week later. But by the time the game began, it had been doped into insensibility, providing one of the most sterile Tests the long-suffering (and dwindling) New Zealand audience for traditional cricket had ever endured. it will be remembered for Cullinan's 275, but rather more for Geoff Allott's 101-minute nought. No one could be surprised that more than twice as many saw New Zealand win in one day as draw in five.
In the final fortnight, the South Africans were able to show something of their true form, and the crowds responded. The Third Test was far more compelling, and they swept through the last two completed one-day internationals. This helped wipe away memories of the selection controversy that dogged the early part of the tour.
After the first one-day international, Herschelle Gibbs, one of the three non-white members of the squad, with Paul Adams and Victor Mpitsang, was dropped for the next two. The coach Bob Woolmer and the captain Hansie Cronje, apparently believing that the quota system for players of colour applied only to Tests, picked all-white teams - and ran into a storm of criticism at home. Before the First Test, Gibbs said that he wanted to play only if he were picked on merit. His credentials were unproven beforehand - two fifties in 11 Tests - but there was no doubt, come the end of the series. Accusations of tokenism vanished as he scored 365 in four innings, while Adams took ten wickets, more than anyone else except Shaun Pollock.
Jacques Kallis made further progress as a determined batsman and, with Gibbs established as Kirsten's opening partner, South Africa's batting line-up looked armour-plated. Elworthy coped well as the injured Allan Donald's replacement in the Third Test, when he formed a useful partnership with Pollock, who claimed 13 wickets during the series at under 17 apiece. South Africa had few extravagant flourishes to their play, but a strong team looked even stronger by the time they left: a tribute to Cronje's leadership on the field and Woolmer's organisation off it. Playing conditions were not always to their liking, but they came through with an enhanced reputation as a compact and effective unit equally adept at Test and one-day cricket.
For New Zealand, there were a couple of positive features to a largely disappointing series. Their one-day form - Allott was the most successful bowler in either side, with 14 wickets - suggested they had the fight and ability to prosper in the World Cup when conditions were likely to favour their gentle-paced attack. In the Tests, Nathan Astle and Matt Horne did well, though no one went on to a hundred; South Africa hit six, including two double-hundreds. But the bowlers, battling against pitch, weather and quality batsmen, were most exposed: Vettori, with seven, was alone in taking more than two wickets.
Match reports for
1st ODI: New Zealand v South Africa at Dunedin, Feb 14, 1999
Report | Scorecard
2nd ODI: New Zealand v South Africa at Christchurch, Feb 17, 1999
Report | Scorecard
3rd ODI: New Zealand v South Africa at Auckland, Feb 20, 1999
Report | Scorecard
1st Test: New Zealand v South Africa at Auckland, Feb 27-Mar 3, 1999
Report | Scorecard
2nd Test: New Zealand v South Africa at Christchurch, Mar 11-15, 1999
Report | Scorecard
3rd Test: New Zealand v South Africa at Wellington, Mar 18-22, 1999
Report | Scorecard
4th ODI: New Zealand v South Africa at Napier, Mar 25, 1999
Report | Scorecard
4th ODI: New Zealand v South Africa at Napier, Mar 26, 1999
Report | Scorecard
5th ODI: New Zealand v South Africa at Auckland, Mar 27, 1999
Report | Scorecard
6th ODI: New Zealand v South Africa at Wellington, Mar 30, 1999
Report | Scorecard
6th ODI: New Zealand v South Africa at Wellington, Mar 31, 1999


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