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A qualitative study of fish consumption during pregnancy1–3
Arienne Bloomingdale, Lauren B Guthrie, Sarah Price, Robert O Wright, Deborah Platek, Jess Haines, and Emily Oken
Background: Many pregnant women in the United States do not
consume enough docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—an essential nutri-
ent found in fish. Apparently conflicting findings that fish consump-
tion is beneficial for the developing fetus, yet potentially toxic
because of mercury contamination, have created uncertainty about
the appropriate fish-consumption advice to provide to pregnant women.
Objective: Our objective was to determine knowledge, behaviors,
and received advice regarding fish consumption among pregnant
women who are infrequent consumers of fish.
Design: In 2009–2010 we conducted 5 focus groups with 22 preg-
nant women from the Boston area who ate ,2 fish servings/wk. We
analyzed transcripts by using immersion-crystallization.
Results: Many women knew that fish might contain mercury, a neu-
rotoxin, and had received advice to limit fish intake. Fewer women
knew that fish contains DHA or what the function of DHA is. None
of the women had received advice to eat fish, and most had not
received information about which fish types contain more DHA or
less mercury. Because of advice to limit fish intake, as well as a lack
of information about which fish types they should be eating, many
of the women said that they would rather avoid fish than possibly
harm themselves or their infants. The participants thought that
a physician's advice to eat fish and a readily available reference
regarding which fish are safe to consume during pregnancy would
likely have encouraged them to eat more fish.
Conclusion: Pregnant women might be willing to eat more fish if
this were advised by their obstetricians or if they had an accessible
reference regarding which types are safe.
Am J Clin Nutr 2010;
Fish and other seafood are healthful foods that are the primary
dietary source for elongated omega-3 (n–3) polyunsaturated fatty
during pregnancy, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is
essential for optimal fetal neurodevelopment and may also
protect against other adverse perinatal and longer-term outcomes
(2). In the past few years, expert panels have released consensus
guidelinesfor DHA intakeduring pregnancy(2). Onlyaboutone-
quarter of pregnant women in the United States are eating the
amount of DHA recommended for optimal maternal and child
health (1).
However, fish may also be contaminated with methylmercury,
a demonstrated neurotoxin to which the fetal brain is particularly
sensitive (3). Overall, '10% of women of childbearing age in
the United States have higher than recommended mercury
concentrations (4). The US Food and Drug Administration and
Environmental Protection Agency have issued warnings rec-
ommending that pregnant women limit their fish consumption to
avoid excess mercury exposure (5, 6). Pregnant women con-
sumed less fish after these guidelines were disseminated (7).
These apparently conflicting findings—that fish consumption
is healthy for the developing fetus yet simultaneously potentially
toxic—have created considerable uncertainty as to the appro-
priate fish consumption advice to provide pregnant women.
Classically, simple public health messages, such as "Don't smoke"
are the most effective. However, in this circumstance a nuanced
approach may be indicated, because women should both avoid fish
likely to be high inmercury and seek out fish that islow in mercury
and high in DHA.
Qualitative research is an important first step to developing an
effective public health message (8). Little work has been done to
understand what pregnant women know about the risks and
benefits of fish consumption during pregnancy, from where they
get their information to what underlies their fish-consumption
habits, especially among women who are infrequent fish con-
sumers. We conducted a series of focus groups to better un-
derstand pregnant women's knowledge of the health effects of fish
consumption during pregnancy, to learn what fish consumption
advice they had received and from where, to determine whether
and for what reasons they made any changes in fish consumption
to fish intake.
Study design and population
From November 2009 to March 2010, we conducted 5 focus
groups with a total of 22 participants. We recruited women by
1From the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School
and the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute (AB, LBG, SP, JH, and EO);
the Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
(ROW); the Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA (ROW); and the De-
partment of Obstetrics, Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, MA
2Supported by grant R01 ES016314, Pilot Project funding from the
HSPH-NIEHS Center for Environmental Health (P01 ES000002), and the
Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute.
3Address correspondence to E Oken, Department of Population Medi-
cine, Harvard Medical School and the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute,
133 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail: emily_oken@
Received July 2, 2010. Accepted for publication August 19, 2010.
First published online September 15, 2010; doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.30070.
Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:1234–40. Printed in USA. ? 2010 American Society for Nutrition
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using postings displayed at Boston-area obstetrics clinics,
advertisements in a local newspaper, in online classified adver-
tisements, and at a local parenting listserv. The posting identified
the project as a study of "diet during pregnancy," but did not
interested women to contact us.
The research assistant interviewed responders via telephone to
determine eligibility and to collect demographic information. To
be eligible for participation, a woman had to be ?18 y of age and
currently pregnant. Because we were interested in targeting
women with low fish and DHA intakes, we included only
women who reported consuming fish ,2 times/wk but who had
no contraindications to fish consumption such as allergy or self-
restrictions, such as vegetarian diet. So that potential partic-
ipants were not aware of the study's particular focus on fish, the
screening instrument also included questions on other compo-
nents of diet, including intake of fruit and vegetables, nuts, and
meat. Of the 47 interested women, 11 eligible women were
unable to attend our scheduled group meeting times, and we
excluded another 14 ineligible women (9 who consumed fish ?2
times/wk and 5 who would not consume fish at all). The Harvard
Pilgrim Health Care Human Subjects Committee reviewed and
approved all study protocols. All participants provided written
informed consent.
Structure of focus groups
We developed the moderator's script based on the goals of
ascertaining what pregnant women knew about the benefits and
risks of fish consumption, from where they had heard advice
regarding fish consumption, what their fish consumption
behaviors were, and whether they had changed their intake offish
during pregnancy. Study co-investigators and a convenience
sample of local pregnant women reviewed the focus group script
to ensure that it was clear and addressed all target topics. An
experienced focus group moderator who was not a study in-
vestigator led the group discussions. Before the first group, the
moderator provided feedback and suggested edits to the script.
After each focus group, the study investigators met together with
the moderator to further refine the script for clarity.
To allow a discussion of general diet before focusing on fish,
the moderator began the focus groups with discussion topics
regarding what participants had heard about healthy pregnancy
dietary choices and about which foods should be avoided or
encouraged. The moderator then shifted the discussion to focus
eating fish, mercury, and omega-3 fatty acids. Participants were
asked from what sources they had heard information about fish
consumption during pregnancy and whether and how their fish
consumption had changed since they became pregnant. We were
particularly interested in understanding factors influencing the
amount and types of fish consumed, such as cost, availability,
cravings or nausea impeded or increased their consumption of
fish during pregnancy. Sample questions appear in Table 1.
Throughout the sessions, the moderator encouraged participants
to speak until all views were expressed and often probed for
further clarification. The moderator did not attempt to reach
group consensus on any topics and did not attempt to quanti-
tatively determine the number of responses to each question.
We held all focus groups in the evening, and provided dinner.
The discussions lasted 1.5–2 h, including 0.5 h for dinner. At the
end of each focus group discussion, we gave each participant
a pamphlet that details the current US Food and Drug Admin-
istration guidelines for fish consumption during pregnancy (9).
We also gave a $25 gift card to all participants.
Data collection
We audio-recorded the group discussions, and the research
assistant—who had been trained in note-taking—took detailed
research assistant then transcribed the focus group discussions
using her notes and the audiotapes.
After we completed the focus groups, we held a series of
meetings during which we developed and then refined a series of
general themes encompassing all of the group discussions. Two
investigators (EO and AB) assigned each participant comment to
one or more themes. After the 2 investigators independently
coded the transcript from one focus group, we reconvened as
a group to assess our level of concordance regarding which
to consensus about any comments for which we had assigned
divergent themes. Once we felt confident that we shared an
understanding of what each theme was meant to capture, we
assigned these themes to the comments contained in the re-
maining 4 focus group transcripts. For the few comments on
which we could not reach consensus, another investigator (JH)
provided the final assignment.
Oncewehad assigned one or more themes to each comment,we
analyzed the transcripts by using the immersion-crystallization
approach (10). This approach involves prolonged immersion into
the text, which allows for an intuitive crystallization of emerging
themes. From repeated readings of the data, we developed
Discussion topics addressed in focus groups and sample questions from the
moderator's script
Topics Sample questions from moderator script
Knowledge Have you heard of any types of fish that might be safer
or healthier to eat during pregnancy?
Why are these fish types likely to be healthy?
Have you heard of any types of fish that might be less
safe or healthy to eat during pregnancy?
Why are these fish types less healthy?
What have you heard about the health effects of eating
Where did you hear this information? Is this a source
you trust?
Before you became pregnant, what types of fish did you
eat? How often?
How have you changed how often you eat fish since
becoming pregnant?
How have you changed the types of fish that you eat
since becoming pregnant?
What are some factors that influence how much or which
types of fish you eat now?
Facilitators and
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subthemes within our 5 predefined general themes and identified
additional themes that we had not classified a priori.
Of the 22 participants, 13 were white, 5 were black, 2 were
Hispanic, and 2 were of other race-ethnicities. Ten participants
were pregnant for the first time, and 18 participants had completed
was 21 wk, and the participants ranged in age from 19 to 35 y.
We identified 7 major themes in our analysis (Table 2). The 5
predetermined themes were the participants' knowledge of the
health effects of fish, advice they had received, fish intake be-
haviors, and barriers and facilitators to fish intake. The 2 emer-
gent themes were the women's emotions regarding fish intake
and diet philosophies that influenced fish intake. We summarized
these themes and the subthemes within them and provide rep-
resentative quotes in the sections below and in Table 2.
The women's knowledge generally fell into 3 subthemes: the
health effects of fish and its components (mercury, omega-3 fatty
acids/DHA), which fish types were more or less healthful and
why, and the amounts and types of fish they believed they could
safely eat during pregnancy. Many (10 of 22) women mentioned
that fish can contain mercury. Most (16 of 22) had a sense that
mercury is "dangerous" and "can affect neurological de-
velopment." Some did not feel that they had in-depth knowledge
of its effects: "I think it's just supposed to be toxic. That's about
as far as I got with it." Three women mentioned a possible
connection between mercury exposure and autism. A few also
mentioned bacteria, parasites, or contaminants from the canning
process as reasons to avoid fish. None mentioned polychlorinated
biphenyls as a contaminant associated with fish.
few exceptions, most could not name any of the other 3 types that
the US Federal Mercury Advisory has recommended that preg-
nant women should avoid, although none mentioned those fish
as types they would eat. Others knew that mackerel, bluefish, and
fish that are larger, "high on the food chain," "deep sea fish," or
"predatory" were more likely to contain mercury. When asked
which fish are higher in mercury, some women named types that
do not tend to contain high levels of mercury, including catfish,
shrimp, shellfish, "fattier fish," and "bottom feeders."
likedtoeat,butwereconfusedaboutwhich typeoftunathey could
eat: "There's like chunk light, and all the different kinds. I forget
which one you're supposed to eat and which ones you're not."
Shellfish was another source of confusion. During the groups
several women questioned: "what's the deal with shellfish, you
guys?" or "and I can never remember about shellfish—is it you're
supposed to eat it, or you're not?" Other women's viewpoints
ranged from "we're not supposed to eat shellfish," to "really? Not
shellfish? I thought it was okay as long as they were cooked."
Many women "couldn't remember" what omega-3 fatty acids
and DHA do, although some mothers (8 of 22) recalled that they
are supposed to have a "positive health effect." A subset of these
women (5 of 22) knew that DHA is "supposed to help with brain
functioning," and a few mentioned other potential health benefits
including "your cholesterol"and "good for your eyes.Goodfor. ..
just everything." One woman commented that she "didn't know
DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid."
Severalwomenidentifiedsalmonas afishthatis generally safe
and high in omega-3 fatty acids. Other types that women iden-
tified as safe or healthful fish to eat during pregnancy included
trout, tilapia, herring, red snapper, scallops, lobster, sardines, and
fish that are "fattier," "smaller" or "lighter, flakier." However,
to eat during pregnancy, and, of the others, most had a hard time
naming more than one or a few healthful fish types: "I know that
there are more, but I couldn't give you a list."
Many of the women could not identify a particular frequency
of fish consumption that they should be or were targeting. If the
women did report a specific guideline for safe fish intake during
pregnancy, most commonly they thought it was once aweek. One
mentioned "5 oz a week of fish that could have mercury in it."
Several mentioned a limit for intake of tuna fish in particular: in
some cases one serving per week, whereas others believed they
could not eat any tuna.
Some of the women had received some information from their
obstetrician or midwife regarding which types of fish to avoid
during pregnancy, usually in the form of a handout. However, most
did not have any conversation about fish intake with their obstetric
provider, and some felt that they did not receive an adequate ex-
planation about why they should be avoiding these types: "It's a lot
know that you don't have to do, but you don't really know why."
Most women followed their physician's advice to limit fish
intake: "You know, my doctor doesn't recommend it, so don't
a month—that's what my doctor and I negotiated." Another
recalled "I went to the Bahamas a couple months ago. And it's,
like, a big grouper fishing area and that would have been what I
was eating probably 2 or 3 times when I was there. But I ne-
gotiated one piece of grouper."
In addition, very few of the women were told which types of
fishtheycould eat: "I haven't heard which are the healthier fish to
eat. I've heard which are the ones to avoid, but not to eat." None
received advice during their pregnancy that they should try to eat
fish, but they might have followed such advice: "If they told me it
If they're sure about what they're saying and, like, the studies
have shown that it was ok, I would do it."
Beyond fish, many of the women had no discussions with their
obstetric care providers about diet: "My doctor leaves mewith an
me about the vitamins, about the baby, everything else but not
about my eating." However, women would find such discussions
Which, right now it's making me wonder why aren't we talking
more about it? Because it would be good information to receive."
Most of the women did not pay much heed to advice that they
received from friends or acquaintances: "everybody has their
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Summary of results from the analysis of 5 focus groups with 22 pregnant women from the Boston area1
Themes Major subthemes Representative comments from focus group participants
1. KnowledgeFish contain mercury—a toxin that is harmful to the brain. "Developmental delays…um, just something you want to
steer away from."
"Omega 3 fatty acids. I don't know what they do, but I know
they're supposed to be good for us."
"I heard once a week somewhere. And I don't know if it was
in a handout that my midwife gave me, or if it was in
a book, but I definitely have heard the once a week thing
"I think really just more information about which fish is
good, would…probably help me. Like I'm kind of
feeling like now I should figure out which fish are good
fish and then we can start eating those again."
"I used to eat canned tuna, and then I read that you shouldn't
eat tuna, but I didn't know it was the more fatty one, so I
just didn't eat it at all."
can have that."
"Theyjustsaystayawayfromit,Idon'treallyhave a reason,
just you know, it's not safe for the baby."
"My take away from the conversations I've had is like, 'you
should avoid fish because of the high mercury content'
and there wasn't really the distinction made between
good fish vs. bad fish. I mean, some, but, you know, the
overall takeaway message with fish was 'avoid it.' So had
there been more discussion about like, 'here are the good
fish you can eat' and, you know, the positive aspects, I
might be eating more fish."
"I haven't eaten fish at all during these entire 36 wk and no
one's really pushed me or told me, 'you should probably
increase your fish intake' "
"I love sushi so that was a huge one for me and that just went
out the window."
"My husband and I were trying to get pregnant, so I
"I just don't remember which of the 10,000 fish I can have
and I can't. So I think I just lean toward the safe ones,
because I've remembered that I can have them."
"I often wish I could eat more than one serving a week…just
because I like it and for the protein.
"I've always thought of fish as being expensive. Where with
chicken I leave for a couple days in the fridge, fish I
would want to make sure I use right away."
"For a while, I was feeling really nauseous so I wasn't
cooking anything because opening the fridge was
problematic 'cause it smelled bad. So… the fish would
not be an appealing smell in the fridge, so it's not
allowed anymore."
"If my husband is willing to cook it, we'll have it, but
otherwise we're not having it."
"I don't like fish that well, but yeah, I would be more
comfortable in the grocery store if I had this little card
that I could pull it out and say 'oh, look and I shouldn't
have it,' or 'hey, it's on this list and I haven't had it
a couple weeks, so I should get it.'"
"I wouldn't say 'no' to eating it if I knew it was beneficial to
me and the baby."
Fish contain DHA and omega-3 fatty acids. These are
healthful, but many women did not know why.
Fish consumption once a week, or less often, is
recommended for pregnancy.
Women do not know much about which fish types are
healthful to eat.
Many women liked tuna fish but were confused about
whether they could continue to eat it and, if so, which
types to eat.
Many women were also confused about whether they could
eat shellfish.
Some received written information about the risks of fish
intake, but few had a discussion with their obstetrician.
Women were not told which fish types are safer to eat.
2. Advice
Women received no encouragement to eat fish during
3. Behaviors Sushi was a main source of fish intake before pregnancy that
was eliminated during pregnancy.
Many women reduced or eliminated their fish intake with
Some women tried to get more DHA via supplements or
supplemented foods.
Women could not remember which fish types were better to
eat during pregnancy.
4. Barriers
Advice to avoid fish led many women to eat less fish than
they otherwise would have.
Some women perceived fish to be costly and something that
needed to be eaten very fresh.
Some women experienced pregnancy-related aversions to
5. FacilitatorsWomen were more likely to eat fish if their families also ate
A portable list would help women eat more fish.
If their obstetricians advised them to eat fish, they would do
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opinion on what to eat when pregnant." None had learned any-
thing about risks or benefits of fish intake from prenatal classes.
Whereas many of the women had read about dietary advice on the
deal of trust in these sources unless they were perceived to bevery
reliable. In general many felt that not enough information was
readily available: "I just don't see it out there a lot,for itto stick in
pregnancy and this is what is not good for you.' I just don't see
enough information about this subject."
Eleven of the women reported that they ate sushi before
pregnancy and had stopped during pregnancy, which had the
result of reducing their fish intake. Others had specifically
changed their intake of particular fish types in response to fish
consumption advisories: "The tuna steaks, or the big, thick steaks
of swordfish, I know you have to be careful . . . so I've just cut
those guys out completely now." Others reduced intake of fish
types not included in advisories, even though they liked the fish
and were eating it only occasionally: "I like haddock and tilapia
but I don't eat it too often, probably once a month I would say.
You know, when I was eating it. But now, I've really abstained
from it." Some reduced their fish intake in anticipation of
pregnancy: "[before pregnancy, I was eating fish] probably once
to twice a week. But my husband and I were trying to get preg-
nant, so I stopped."
Intake of tuna fish in particular decreased from before preg-
nancy, in part because women were no longer eating tuna sushi.
Also, several women limited or reduced their intake of canned
tuna fish: "I used to add tuna on top of a salad at the salad bar. But
I don't do that anymore."
Onlyonewoman, anutritionistherself,mentioned thatshewas
interested in increasing her intake of fish during pregnancy,
though she had not actually done so. Some sought out DHA-
enriched eggs or DHA-containing prenatal vitamins. A few were
taking fish oil. However, most had not changed their diet to
increase the intake of omega-3 fatty acids or DHA.
Lack of knowledge regarding which fish types are safer to eat
during pregnancy emerged as a common barrier to fish con-
sumption. "Oh, the other one is you can have some canned tuna
but not other canned tunas, so I just didn't do anything. I'm like,
'I'm not eating canned tuna. That's done'." Another woman
similarly said: "Since I'm not gonna take the time to figure out
which one is safest to eat, I'm like 'ok, I'm not gonna stress
myself out with trying to find out what's the best.'" Some of the
women were limiting their overall fish intake because they were
told to eat a certain amount: "I often wish I could eat more than
one serving a week, because I often find myself wanting tuna
salad a lot, just because I like it and for the protein."
In some cases, the women's inability to remember which fish
typesare more orless healthfulled them notto eat fishat all. "But
the dietician that I saw, I honestly can't remember what she said
about good fish and bad fish . . . so I've just been avoiding fish
based on that conversation." In other cases, the women re-
membered a few types of fish that are safer to eat, and limited
their intake only to those types: "I feel like it's hard to remember
which fish are safe when you're out. So it's nice to be able to be
like 'salmon I know is always safe'."
Whereas some women felt that pregnancy-related nausea or
aversions made them less likely to eat fish ("It's mostly the smell
too. That's what turns me off."), about the same number of
women reported an increased taste for fish since becoming
pregnant. A few felt that they did not want to eat anything that
they had not tried before: "I don't think it's the time to be trying
new stuff, during pregnancy."
Many felt that fish was expensive: "I think a lot of it comes
down to the cost. I mean, we haven't had salmon in months just
because of the cost;" "sometimes you want fish but like it goes
back to the cost. Sometimes the fish is too expensive where you
can just get a couple of chicken breasts and call it a day;" "part of
it also is that it's more expensive than turkey, so you know . . .
I would put money aside to buy it." Other barriers to fish intake
included the women's preference to eat only very fresh fish, the
perception that fish can be difficult to prepare, or the fact that
TABLE 2 (Continued)
Themes Major subthemes Representative comments from focus group participants
6. Emotions It can be scary to eat fish. "I try to, ofcourse, keep away from the seafood, just because
that's what scares me the most."
"You know, it's a double-edged sword though because I've
also read that if you don't eat enough fish you don't get
enough omega vitamins and so to, like manage this
balance between don't get enough mercury, but eat
enough fish and it can get really confusing."
"I know high, high, high levels can certainly do damage, I
don't know if I believe that low levels can, so, but its just
like it's not worth the anxiety to thinking that there could
be some effect of the mercury."
"But I do think about like, I don't know, there are some
communities like around the world where people eat
a whole lot of fish. Some of these rules, I just put them in
the context of history and it just doesn't feel right and it
feels kind of arbitrary sometimes."
Fish consumption messages are conflicting and confusing.
7. Diet philosophies It is better to be safe than sorry.
Women elsewhere eat fish and are fine.
1DHA, docosahexaenoic acid.
Page 6
other family members, especially children, may not like fish:
"with my husband being vegetarian and my daughter, I know
she's not gonna eat it, so then it's kind of pointless . . . that's
a factor for me. No one to share it with."
Facilitators to fish consumption included having a husband or
partner who liked or prepared fish, or family traditions that in-
cluded fish: "My parents always did lobster for New Years."
Many women thought that if they were told how much or
which types of fish they could safely eat, they would be more
likely to eat more fish: "If I was told the type of fish to buy, if it
was recommended that this is the kind of fish that pregnant
women should eat, I would . . . buy that fish." A number of
participants would have liked a list they could keep with them: "I
can never remember—that's the problem. I feel like you need to
that awallet card in particular would bevery helpful: "I feel like I
need a wallet size card—I'm not kidding, that has, like, one side
with fish to avoid and the other with fish that's safe, good to eat
when you're pregnant. So that like when I'm out shopping, or if
I'm out eating and I can't remember if the fish is ok, I'll have
something to consult with. It sounds a little ridiculous, but I
almost wish I got that at my OB's office."
As women discussed the fish consumption messages they had
heard, many expressed frustration and confusion because "it's
a double-edged sword:" "the mercury levels are too high, yeah.
Which is concerning, because, I don't know . . . it's conflicting
again. You hear that fish is so good for you, yet on the other hand
it's filled with mercury and we need to look out for that . . . but yet
we're supposed to eat it at least twice a week." Another was
similarly bewildered: "that's the main thing I find confusing, so
like salmon, that's a pretty big fish, so maybe we shouldn't eat it,
but it's also higher in good fat, so don't eat it, but no, do eat it."
Many of the women used negative or fearful language when
talking about fish intake. If they chose to eat a fish that might be
higher in mercury they were being "bad": "I had scallops the
other day and I wasn't sure whether I was being bad or not." One
commented that fish carries a "stigma." The fish consumption
messages they had seen ranged from "a little bit stressful" to
making them feel afraid: "there's been a lot of literature at the
hospitals about eating fish and things like that and that's just
something that I stay away from, just because of the scares about
about omega-3s and yet we're so scared to eat any fishand I think
that's all people talk about instead of focusing on 'here are the
fish you can't eat' and they tend to be the ones that you don't
consume, besides swordfish, the ones on the list are not very
common. So I think it's just kind of ironic that we're so scared of
it, but yet that's one of the things that, you know, nutrient-wise is
definitely quite beneficial during the pregnancy period."
Diet philosophy
When it came to mercury exposure, many of the women felt
that it was better to be safe than sorry: "why take a chance?"
Some representative comments include: "When I think about
mercury, I just wanna stay away;" "It's not worth it . . . I can get
by without it." Several expressed that avoiding all fish seemed to
be safer than making a wrong choice: "I just always feel like I
never know what the right thing is to do and I don't want to do
something wrong and, you know, have something bad happen."
Even when they heard messages that contradicted their judg-
ment, some followed the cautionary principal: "I would have
thought you kind of shouldeat itmore than that, but I don't, I eat it
any sense to me. So I'm now staying away from shrimp."
However,otherswere morephlegmatic in their approach tothe
messages they had received: "We're not supposed to eat shellfish.
Which . . . I have eaten lobster twice and shrimp on various
occasions. So I think, I don't know—I like to live by the old rule
of thumb that—everything in moderation." Several mentioned
that they followed their own instincts rather than a strict dietary
guideline: "I take the once a week rule or whatever it is with
a grain of salt. And go morewith what I know about my body and
like my experience with fish oil has informed my fish consump-
that women elsewhere are less mindful of their fish intake and
appear to do fine: "I figure women in developing countries have
babies all the time thatare totally healthy and if I eat like a couple
pieces of sushi here and there, it'll probably be fine." "My friend
who grew up in Japan she's like 'you know, people in Japan they
eat sushi when they're pregnant.' So it's another of those things
where one culture does it and another doesn't. So who do you go
Among pregnant women who were infrequent fish consumers,
most knew that fish may contain mercury, a neurotoxin, and had
received some advice to limit or avoid intake of fish. However,
fewer knew that fish contains DHA or what beneficial health
effects DHA may have. None reported having received advice to
eat fishasawayofincreasing their DHA intake,andmost hadnot
received any information about which fish types are safer to eat.
Advice to limit intake of fish, as well as their inability to recall or
have a ready source of information about which fish types they
should be eating, led manywomen to eat less fish than they might
otherwise be eating. Faced with a lack of available information,
or their babies to harm.
Several studies have reported on the characteristics of women
who eat more or less fish, based on surveys or dietary ques-
tionnaires. Women who are older, are better educated, have
higher income, or live in coastal areas tend to eat more fish and
elongated omega-3 fatty acids (11, 12). Only a few qualitative
studies have been reported. Troxell et al (13) have reported on
work they performed among pregnant women enrolled in the
Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children
(WIC). They used focus groups to develop and evaluate an in-
tervention to increase dietary DHA intake among pregnant
women by promoting consumption of salmon, sardines, tuna, and
DHA-enriched eggs. These investigators did not provide detailed
results from the focus groups, but did report that a primary
motivator for the women to change their behavior was benefit to
the infant.Wedidnotfindany qualitativestudies amongpregnant
Page 7
women that included discussions of both health risks of con-
taminants as well as benefits of DHA within fish.
Other studies, mostly conducted outside of the United States,
have focused on factors influencing fish consumption by adults
and families. As in our study, important factors influencing fish
consumption among adults in the general population are taste
preferences, price, and convenience (14, 15). Among mothers of
in the current study,including that thepreferences of other family
members and perceptions that fish is expensive might be barriers
to fish intake (16). However, unlike among the pregnant women
we studied, concerns about contaminants did not influence
consumption, and arguments for the beneficial health effects of
fish were not likely to overcome barriers to intake. These dif-
ferences may have been because public health advice regarding
fish consumption differs between Australia and the United States,
because the health risks of mercury and benefits of DHA are
particularly salient during pregnancy or because it can be more
difficult to change the dietary habits of a child compared with
Olsen (17) has proposed that, among adults, almost all con-
sumers agree that fish is healthy; therefore, the perceived health
valueoffish does notexplainmuch variation in fish consumption.
However,inasurveyofadultsinBelgium,consumers werebetter
aware of the content and effect of harmful substances than of
nutrientsin fish,and many didnot know thatfishcontains omega-
3 fatty acids or what health effects these nutrient may have (18).
This finding is similar to our results, ie, that women were more
aware of and influenced by the potential health risks of con-
taminants in fish rather than the potential nutritional benefits.
The present study had several strengths, including discussions
of both potential health risks and benefits associated with fish
consumption. We included women of diverse race-ethnicity. Al-
though the study population was small, results were similar across
all 5 focus groups, and we did not discover any new themes after
our initial analysis of the first group. We limited participation to
women who were consuming ,2 fish servings/wk; results may
have differed between women who are more frequent fish con-
sumers. Also, because all participants lived in the greater Boston
area, the results may not be generalizable to women living in
other areas of the United States, to women with less education,
or to different ethnic groups than those included in the present
In conclusion, many pregnant women have received the mes-
sage that fish may contain mercury—a contaminant potentially
harmful to the fetus. However, women are less aware of the health
to be low in mercury and higher in DHA. Pregnant women who
infrequently consume fish might bewilling to eat more fish if they
received advice to eat some fish from their obstetrician or other
sources and if they had a clear, readily accessible source of in-
formation regarding which fish types are safe to eat during
pregnancy. The results from this study might be useful for public
health officials or others planning educational interventions re-
garding fish consumption during pregnancy.
from Matthew Gillman, Christina Kamins, and Barbara Kaufman; and the
substantive comments we received from Julia MacDonald, Ashley O'Brien,
and Elsie Taveras.
The authors' responsibilities were as follows—EO: responsible for the
study design, data collection, data analysis, writing of the manuscript, and
obtaining funding; AB: contributed to the data collection, data analysis,
and writing of the manuscript; LBG: contributed to the study design and data
the study design and to obtaining funding. All authors approved the final ver-
sion of the manuscript. None of the authors had a conflict of interest to report.
1. Nesheim M, Yaktine A, eds. Seafood choices: balancing benefits and
risks. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007.
2. Koletzko B, Cetin I, Thomas Brenna J. Dietary fat intakes for pregnant
and lactating women. Br J Nutr 2007;98:873–7.
3. Goyer R, Aposhian V, Arab L, et al. Toxicological effects of methyl-
mercury. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000.
4. Mahaffey KR, Clickner RP, Bodurow CC. Blood organic mercury and
dietary mercury intake: National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey, 1999 and 2000. Environ Health Perspect 2004;112:562–70.
5. Food and Drug Administration. Consumer advisory: an important
message for pregnant women and women of childbearing age who may
become pregnant about the risks of mercury in fish. 2001. Available
from: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/admehg.html (cited 17 July 2007).
6. US Department of Health and Human Services. What you need to know
about mercury in fish and shellfish. March 2004. Available from: http://
www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/admehg3.html (cited 20 July 2004).
7. Oken E, Kleinman KP, Berland WE, Simon SR, Rich-Edwards JW,
Gillman MW. Decline in fish consumption among pregnant women after
a national mercury advisory. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:346–51.
8. Lobdell DT, Gilboa S, Mendola P, Hesse BW. Use of focus groups for
the environmental health researcher. J Environ Health 2005;67:36–42.
9. Food and Drug Administration. What you need to know about mercury
in fish and shellfish (brochure). Available from: http://www.fda.gov/
downloads/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/UCM182158.pdf 2004
(cited 8 April 2010).
10. Borkan J. Immersion/crystalization. In: Crabtree B, Miller W, eds. Doing
qualtitative research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications,
11. Mahaffey KR, Clickner RP, Jeffries RA. Adult women's blood mercury
concentrations vary regionally in the United States: association with
patterns of fish consumption (NHANES 1999-2004). Environ Health
Perspect 2009;117:47–53.
12. Oken E, Kleinman KP, Olsen SF, Rich-Edwards JW, Gillman MW.
Associations of seafood and elongated n-3 fatty acid intake with fetal
growth and length of gestation: results from a US pregnancy cohort. Am
J Epidemiol 2004;160:774–83.
13. Troxell H, Anderson J, Auld G, et al. Omega-3 for baby and me: ma-
terial development for a WIC intervention to increase DHA intake
during pregnancy. Matern Child Health J 2005;9:189–97.
14. Olsen SO, Scholderer J, Brunso K, Verbeke W. Exploring the relation-
ship between convenience and fish consumption: a cross-cultural study.
Appetite 2007;49:84–91.
15. Verbeke W, Vackier I. Individual determinants of fish consumption:
application of the theory of planned behaviour. Appetite 2005;44:67–82.
16. McManus A, Burns SK, Howat PA, Cooper L, Fielder L. Factors influ-
encing the consumption of seafood among young children in Perth:
a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2007;7:119.
17. Olsen SO. Understanding the relationship between age and seafood
consumption: the mediating role of attitude, health involvement, and
convenience. Food Qual Prefer 2003;14:199–209.
18. Verbeke W, Sioen I, Pieniak Z, Van Camp J, De Henauw S. Consumer
perception versus scientific evidence about health benefits and safety
risks from fish consumption. Public Health Nutr 2005;8:422–9.


text:
McCabe's Guitar Shop
3101 Pico Blvd.
Santa Monica, CA
United States
Phone Number:
310 828 4497
Terminal 5, New York City
Robert Altman / Invision / AP
February 27, 2015 |
Wagner Noël Performing Arts Center, Midland, Texas
aptorre / Wagner Noël Performing Arts Center
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Status: Closed
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Inspired by the adventurous spirit of Australia, Outback Steakhouse has been an innovator in the restaurant industry by creating bold, iconic flavors served in a quality casual environment.
Stetson University is a nationally ranked university founded in 1883, with four colleges and schools located across central Florida.
Welcome to Stetson University's Admissions Page!
This is a page where newly admitted students and interested prospective students can communicate directly with our admissions counselors.
Have a question about Stetson University? Post it to our wall, or contact an admissions counselor directly.
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I love this campus! It's more like a park than a university. Giant, old trees everywhere. Beautifully landscaped. Historic buildings. Very Zen. Don't miss the Museum of Art and Stetson Mansion. Lots of great places to eat in the area also. Totally worth a trip to DeLand.
Love visiting this campus. Very quaint. We were there for a football recruiting visit and really enjoyed the trip. My personal preference is to stay in Daytona Beach and make the 15-minute drive to Deland.
Enjoy the bold, fresh flavors of the Outback. Join us tonight for steak, seafood, salads and our famous Aussie-Tizers like the Bloomin Onion'.
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Some of the greatest plays of Alex Ovechkin's career have come when he's not even on his skates. There was The Goal, when he scored on the Coyotes while doing a barrel roll in the slot. Then there was that one time he almost scored against the Rangers while sitting on his bum.
Against the Lightning on Saturday, Ovechkin passed the puck to himself and got a semi-breakaway. He fell over, but that's no reason not to get a shot on goal.


text:
FreakyLocz14: Saturday, July 7, 2007 - 18:24
sup every1?
wat y'all up 2?
It's Giggles bytch: Saturday, July 7, 2007 - 22:23
hello i'm brittani but you can call me giggles
Baby i'm a winner, didn't even take me twelve rounds to do it, got the tittle now, he gonna tell the whole world, to give it up for his girl(dats me, just in case you ain't no)
BaByStArR4eVa: Saturday, July 7, 2007 - 19:13
Chillin, readin all mah old MySpace msgs. I was a real damn fool. LOL!
~Peace, JaZzY BaBy~


text:
The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Welcome to Qasr Al-Farid: The Rock With A Door That Will Rock Your World
0218 Things That Will Give Anyone Who Did Duke Of Edinburgh A Serious Flashback
0316 Things That Will Give 90s Skater Kids A Serious Flashback
04This 10 Year Old Kid Just Nailed A Dub Cork 1080... On His Second Attempt
05The 10 Most Spectacular Road Trips on Earth
06Water Slides, Plane Wings and Danny MacAskill: This is Road Cycling Like Never Before...
0724 Reasons Why Snowboarding Was Better In The Early Noughties
08Could Scientists Be About to Build a Terminator? They're Closer Than You Think…
09Win a Holiday for 2 in Chamonix with Three #holidayspam
1017 Holiday Beer Photos That Every Skier Takes to Make Their Friends Jealous
Keri Herman Behind the Scenes at Suzuki Nine Queens in Austria - Webisode Two
A Ski video by coldasicetv - 4,126 views
Keri Herman Behind the Scenes at Suzuki Nine Queens in Austria - Webisode Two
Keri Herman in Austria for Suzuki Nine Queens, a sick female ski session with 8 other rad ski chicks. In this episode (webisode 2 of our 3 part series), Keri Herman and Ashley Battersby cruise around get some rad gopro footage of their adventures in Austria. You'll also see some of Anna Segal's SICK moves off the slopes.
To see more of Ashley Battersby by visiting her website: http://ashleybattersby.net
Check back soon for webisode 3 (and probably some bonus footage) from Keri's Trip to Austria.... http://coldasice.tv


text:
Shenae Grimes -- Back When She Was Ours
Remember when we called up Shenae Grimes and asked her about the scene where Peter grabs her buttock? If not, you're in for a treat.
Those episodes will be re-airing this Saturday as the Degrassi Every Episode Ever marathon continues!
Blogs By Topic
- Update: Slime and Stars!
Watch Jack and Kira of The Thundermans test new slime techniques for the Kids' Choice Awards!


text:
Post and manage job opportunities for other site members here. You can disable or edit your job posts and even see how many views or applicants a job you posted has received.
Fantasy Sports Trade Association
600 N. Lake Shore Drive
Chicago IL, 60611
H: 9:00am - 5:00 pm // Mon-Fri


text:
Cabinet committee approves regularization of 2000 employees of different Organizations
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Yemen on verge of "total collapse", says UN rights chief
UNITED NATIONS, March 31 (APP): The United Nations High Commissioner
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UN deputy chief calls for hydro-diplomacy as world faces growing water shortages
UNITED NATIONS, Mar 30 (APP): The international community must gear up for a new era of hydro-diplomacy as the threat of water scarcity risks plunging the world into a period of geopolitical tension and stunted development, U.N. Deputy Secretary-General Jan Eliasson told delegates gathered at the General Assembly Monday.
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UNITED NATIONS, Mar 30 (APP): The head of the United Nations
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Compiled by Igor Eximel
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What is our editorial position?
The Animal Attack Files is not anti-animal or pro-attack. We simply report as many attack-related stories as we can. It is up to you, the reader, to develop your own opinion. We thank you for your continued support.
Compiled by Igor Eximel
Please send comments to Igor who is not insane.If you have video footage of animal attacks, in ANY format, please contact Igor right away!
We are the largest, oldest and most comprehensive repository of Animal Attack information on the Web.
Please register - it's free. We also offer an RSS feed - click on the 'Syndicate' link to your right. Kindly behave well on this site; remember, Man is not a Wild Animal.
March 27, 2015 - India - The increasing man-animal conflicts in Nilgiris district in the last couple of months is a cause of concern. According to sources, a bear killed two persons and injured three others including two forest staff in the Nilgiris north division in the last two days. Full Report
March 26, 2015 - India - Guwahati: A female rhino injured a forest guard and broke the rifle he was carrying during the ongoing rhino census at Kaziranga National Park's Bagori forest range on Wednesday. Full Report
March 25, 2015 - India - A 52-year-old estate worker who was attacked by a bear while attempting to save his wife from the animal at Kotagiri, died at the Coimbatore Medical College Hospital on Wednesday, despite treatment. Full Report
March 20, 2015 - Nairobi - Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) reports that in recent years there has been a rise in the number of wild animal attacks on humans. Full report
March 18, 2015 - Hawaii - A tourist from Kansas, whose identity has not yet been made public, has been sent to the hospital after being the victim of an attack from a 10- to 12-foot tiger shark at the Hapuna Beach in Hawaii. Full Report
March 17, 2015 - Arkansas - White County Arkansas Man is Hospitalized After Attack by Pet Zebra Full Report
March 13, 2015 - India - A captive lion named Nakula attacked animal-keeper Krishna on Tuesday morning. Full Report
March 7, 2015 - Kashmir - Residents of north Kashmir's Kreeri area live under constant fear as wild animals have been seen visiting the area, including leopards. Read Full Report
March 4, 2015 - Nellore, India - One Maddipati Sivaiah Naidu (40) of Molakalapudi village was attacked by a leopard around 7 am on Tuesday. Fortunately, he escaped with minor injuries. He was rushed to Gudur area hospital, where he is recovering. Read full Report
March 3, 2015 - Tamil Nadu - The increase in the number of elephants, tigers and leopards in Tamil Nadu may be reason for animal activists to cheer, but the alarming rise in human deaths due to incidents of man-animal conflict has left the state government worried. Read Full Report
February 23, 2015 - UK - Two tonne rhino smashes into mum's car while her toddler son screamed, then chased them through West Midlands Safari Park. FULL REPORT
February 20, 2015 - CHANDRAPUR, INDIA - A farmer was killed in an attack by a large carnivore during midnight hours of Wednesday in Kaotli village under Kothari forest range. Possible Tiger or Leopard attack. Read full report.
February 3, 2015 - Grand Prairie, Alberta, Canada - A mountain lion stalked and ambushed a crew of pipeline workers in a forested area on Friday, inflicting serious but non-life threatening injuries upon two men.
Stephen Campbell, 31, one of the victims, told Global News that it was the most terrifying experience of his life. Read Report
November 26, 2014 - West Milford, NJ - A college student who became New Jersey's first known victim of a fatal bear attack snapped five photographs of the animal, police said. Read full report
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Using driftwood beams in my house
My 100 year old house has some unique archticture features. It's Royal Berry Wills old summer house, and there is some history (and pictures) in one of his books. In it, the book claims that a large beam in the living room was found on the beach and used in the house construction.
He also used solid beams for stair treads, which I plan to reproduce on a new set of stairs I am adding in an addition. I was walking down the beach the other day and came across a very large 12"x12"x12' beam. I am wondering if there is a down side to grabbing the beam and re-using it for my stairs? It's not uncommon for such beams to wash ashore here in NE. I have seen beams up to 20' drift ashore! I guess my questions are will it smell like low tide once I start to dry it out, and if the salt has done anything nasty to it? I also wonder if it would need to be kiln dried and other prep I might have to do to use it. I most certainly would trim it down to the size I need, about 9"x8"x3'6".
There's got to be a lumber salvage company in your area. I'd be looking for a phone number or address and ask them.
Pulling timbers out of water both fresh and salt has been going on for a long time. Loads shift, boats sink, timber sometimes gets lost.
There was a tv show about it not too long back on either Discovery Channel or the History Channel.
You're best bet is to talk to someone whose been in the business for awhile and get their take on what to do.
If this is a piece of old timber, it will be better than anything (except salvage) you could buy today - tighter grain, older growth, etc. The one thing to look out for is embedded pieces of metal you can't see. These can ruin a saw blade, so using a carbide blade or checking with a nail finder/metal detector before cutting is the way to go.


text:
http://fightnetwork.com/ - Fight Network's Robin Black and SBG Ireland's sports psychology consultant David Mullins (@DavidMullinsMMA) bring you this edition of "Mentality of Combat Sports" to go in- watch video >>
On episode #1 of Embedded building up to UFC Fight Night, the two European headliners brave the Boston cold as fight week begins, with Irish featherweight Conor McGregor making a day trip to appear o watch video >>
MMA legend Frank Shamrock spoke with The Fight Nerd recently about a variety of topics, and Frank always has an opinion worth listening to. In part two of this three part interview, Frank discusses watch video >>
http://www.MMAWeekly.com/ -- UFC president Dana White revealed that the fight promotion is building a massive complex in Las Vegas. watch video >>
http://fightnetwork.com/ - Fight Network's John Pollock, John Ramdeen, and Robin Black give us a complete breakdown of UFC Fight Night 42: Henderson vs. Khabilov which takes place from the Tingley Co watch video >>
Xtreme Couture working on building itself as one of the premier MMA gyms with names like Miesha Tate, Vitor Belfort, Matt Mitrione, and many more passing through the doors watch video >>
WCMMA is the building ground for all young up and coming talent in UK MMA and here is another fantastic bout with 2 great guys who look to climb the ladder to make the big stage at UCMMA. Want to hav watch video >>
WCMMA is the building ground for all young up and coming talent in UK MMA and here is another fantastic bout with 2 great guys who look to climb the ladder to make the big stage at UCMMA. watch video >>
In Toronto, the stars of UFC 165's title fights talk about their upcoming title fights, the heavyweights continue building buzz and reporters sweat it out with a UFC FIT class. watch video >>
The first walkthrough tour of the AKA Thailand project. The beginning. All further videos will be on the AKA Thailand Youtube channel... Youtube.com/AKAThailand You can follow all the updates on s watch video >>
Bjorn Rebney talks about Bellator's debut on Spike, the performances of the night and much more with MMA Fighting's Dave Doyle. Subscribe to our channel for more MMA videos! Click here: http://www.y watch video >>
Thats right the boys from Brazil are here, Ninja and Shogun Rua join, Dave O'Donnell and Andy Geer *** Bad Boys *** watch video >>


text:
MS. Found in a Bottle
MS. Found in a Bottle Themes
MS. Found in a Bottle Themes
Zombie sailors. Gigantic whirlpools. Horrifying hurricanes. If this doesn't get you quaking in your boots, we don't know what will. Well, maybe the greatest fear of all—the unknown. That's just w...
Like a lot of seagoing stories, "MS. Found in a Bottle" focuses on the great unknown, and what happens when someone boldly goes where no one has gone before. Granted, in this case it leads to a lot...
Beyond the simple fear of dying, "MS. Found in a Bottle" goes all philosophical on us in its examination of life and death. The narrator spends the entire story facing down various potentially leth...
Versions of Reality
Has the narrator lost his mind altogether? Or is he, in fact, stuck on a ghost ship? Is he really the rational observer of simple facts as they come to him? Or is he imagining everything thanks to...
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["adorable","animal","animal themes","bengal","big cat","brawny","carnivore","cartoon","cat","character","collective","cute","feline","force","fun","funny","happy","hard","hunter","hunting","isolated","male","martial","mascot","muscular","predator","siberian","sitting","smile","strength","strict","striped","stripes","strong","tiger","toon","warlike","wild","wildlife"]adorable animal animal themes bengal big cat brawny carnivore cartoon cat character collective cute feline force fun funny happy hard hunter hunting isolated male martial mascot muscular predator siberian sitting smile strength strict striped stripes strong tiger toon warlike wild wildlife See all keywords
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And we've put together a handy little guide to show you all the new features and enhancements - why don't you have a quick look to check out all the new features and enhancements?
To cite this page, please use the following:
· For print: . Accessed
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1 subspecies
Taxonomic history
|Linnaeus, 1767 PDF: 968 (w.); Emery, 1888b PDF: 344 (q.).
|Combination in Dorylus: Fabricius, 1793 PDF: 365.
|Senior synonym of Dorylus dorylus, Dorylus europaea, Dorylus planifrons, Dorylus punctata: Emery, 1888b PDF: 350; Emery, 1895l PDF: 714.
|Current subspecies: nominal plus Dorylus helvolus pretoriae.
|See also: Arnold, 1915: 116.
Found most commonly in these habitats: 2 times found in grassland, 3 times found in montane rainforest, 1 times found in Afromontane forest edge
Collected most commonly using these methods or in the following microhabitats: 1 times W 1 large mixed sample, 1 times MW sample transect
Elevations: collected from 200 - 1750 meters, 1185 meters average
Type specimens:


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Help people with muscle disease grow stronger and live longer through life-changing research and support!!
For kids and adults with muscle disease, every day is full of reminders that their muscles don't work properly. For many, walking is impossible. Breathing can be difficult. Everyday tasks are challenging. What they need is stronger muscles, and treatments to fight against the diseases. You can give them hope with your gift today!
Your gift will fund research to further our understanding of what causes muscle diseases and how to better treat them. You'll also help provide support services such as outpatient clinics and equipment loans and referrals. And life-changing experiences like a week at camp for kids with muscle disease.
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Does the file drawer have a lock? This desk is perfect but I need confidential documents locked up.
Excellent buy. Assembly required but be patient ;) This desk is great for apartment living. It looks great & is functional. I get a lot of complements....
St. Croix Expanding Desk with Hutch
A classic traditional style is apparent with the St. Croix Expanding Desk by Home Styles. Poplar solids and engineered woods are highlighted by a sleek black finish.
- Details
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ITEM#: 14681112A classic traditional style is apparent with the St. Croix Expanding Desk by Home Styles. Poplar solids and engineered woods are highlighted by a sleek black finish.
- Color: Black
- Materials: Poplar solids and engineered wood
- Finish: Black
- Can be used as a storage chest or working desk
- Hidden sliding mechanism is connected to the front two solid wood front posts
- Mechanism provides easy mobility and movement
- Antiqued brass hardware
- Desk is completed finished on all four sides
- Type of desk: Expanding desk
- Number of drawers: Five (5)
- Dimensions: 43 inches high x 37.5 inches wide x 23 inches deep
Assembly required
|Desk Type
|Computer Desks Hutch Desk
|Assembly Required
|Furniture Frame Material
|See description
|Manufacturer Warranty
|30 day Limited Manufacturer
|See description
|Model Number
Customer Reviews
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Love it!
Excellent buy. Assembly required but be patient ;) This desk is great for apartment living. It looks great & is functional. I get a lot of complements.Read More
Looks nice; low quality
I love the way it looks, but the quality is quite poor. I consider myself extremely handy, but this was a pain to assemble. I read other reviews on Amazon with the same opinion about difficult assembly, but I just assumed those reviewers weren't as handy as me. I was humbled when I started the assembly of this product. MANY pieces, and the instructions were less than perfect. It took several hours and I needed help to line up the pieces while I screwed in the many connectors. Once I got it assembled, the drawers are pretty much useless. They don't line up well and I'm pretty sure once I got the top drawer to close (by slamming it violently), I don't think we'll ever get it to open... It's become the handles to drag out the desk, so I guess that's a positive... The desk DOES roll out nicely on our wood floors, so at least the main function works as expected. The filing cabinet is also hard to close, but we are using it for our filing needs. We'll see how long the drawer holds up. I actually love the way it looks in my study, but for the price, I expected higher quality I guess... I'm afraid to move it out of this room though, I can't imagine it would survive much abuse.Read More
Not worth the price
The packaging was excellent so the damage done was done before shipping, the sides, tops and drawers are all scratched and dented, with the fiber wood showing . I had 2 pieces replaces and they were just as bad, if not worse than the originals. I am going to try sending this back for a refund. It was fairly simple to assemble, but make sure you have two people as the pieces are heavy and awkward to work with.Read More
Questions & Answers
Thank you for your question jlriker. Unfortunately, the file drawer does not have a lock. Have a great day.
What are the dimensions when the desk part is full extended out?
Thank you for your question heatherm1. The dimensions with the desk fully extended are; 37.5 inches wide x 37.25 inches deep x 43 inches high. Have a great day.
on the "table" portion of the desk, there appears to be two drawers or is that one large center drawer? Does it or them open and can it convert to a keyboard drawer?
Thank you for your question 1honey48. The top drawer of the desk portion is one storage drawer. There is no drop down front; therefore, it cannot be used as a keyboard tray. Have a great day.
When you say 3 drawers are u including the 2 little ones in the hutch part? Does the drawer above the file drawer open?
Hello carawilliams1, thank you for your inquiry! We apologize about the inconvenience. There are a total of five drawers and they all open. We are currently working on updating our page. Thank you for bringing this to our attentions. Thank you for shopping with us.
can you tell me the measurement o the large file drawer as I am looking to place a printer in it. Thanks
Thank you for your interest. The measurements are 24 3/8 in W x 15 in D x 9 in H. Please feel free to contact us again with any further questions.
How deep is the hutch? Also, is there an option for a wider desk? Possibly 45inches. Thanks.
The measurements for the hutch are 37 W x 8.50 D x 12 inches H
Shopping Guides
FAQs about Desks
Your home office desk is where you go to work on homework, pay bills, browse the Internet, complete crafts and so much more. Your desk needs to be a place where you are comfortable, but it also needs to blend in with your current furniture. Whether you have your own home office or you use a corner of your living room for home office furniture, a functional and stylish desk will make your life easier. Office desks are available in many different styles and materials. Each home office desk offers something different to your home office. Consider these common questions before shopping for computer desks, office desks and other office furniture.
Helpful Features of Office Desks
Deciding to have an office desk in your home office is not difficult; deciding which office desk or computer desk you want, however, can be a challenge. After all, you can find hundreds of different desks while shopping online, and if you don't know what you're looking for, they may all seem pretty similar. Nevertheless, office desks do differ quite a bit, especially in features. Home office desks can come with a number of different features, some of which are helpful and some of which may be superfluous. Keep reading for information on some popular home office desk features that you may want for your home office.
Tips on Assembling a Computer Desk
Most computer desks are not assembled when you purchase them, especially when you are shopping online. However, your new desk should come with instructions to help you put everything together quickly. With a few tools, a little time, and a helper, you can put together your new computer desk and get to work.
How to Measure an Office for a Desk
Measuring an office for a desk is the first thing you should do before you begin desk shopping. A desk is usually the largest piece of office furniture in the room and should be selected carefully for both size and function. While it is crucial to consider the space limitations of your current office, it may also be wise to think about the future and choose a desk that can be easily moved or disassembled if your office location changes.
Tips for Choosing Desk Organizers
Your desk is your control center, your communication hub, and your personal learning center. Desk organizers can help you keep all your office supplies clearly sorted and easy to find. Before you shop, consider the size of your desk space and what type of desk area will be ideal for your work style.
Best Computer Desks for the Office
When it's time to update the office's computer desks you may be tempted to just scroll through several online pages and pick whichever desk pops up first. What you may not know is that there are several types of computer desks available. Most jobs require employees to sit at a computer desk all day, so it only makes sense to do some research and pick the best office furniture for your office. There are many computer desks and other office furniture pieces to choose from. Keep reading for information on the best computer desks for the office.
Desk Buying Guide
Once thought of as islands in a sea of monotonous work and cranky bosses, office desks have found new life with the rise of the personal computer. Now, computer desks not only exist to lighten your list at work but for a variety of other reasons, too, including entertainment and socializing. That's why it's more important than ever to find the type of computer desk that's as good at multitasking as you are. Choosing an office desk that suits your purposes exactly can be a challenge. Ending up with the wrong desk will haunt you for a long time. Take some time to think about exactly what you're looking for in a desk. It doesn't matter if you're strictly business or hoping to catch up with your favorite TV show online; a great home office desk will make everything you hope to do more enjoyable. This office desk buying guide should help you find just the right home office furniture.
How to Choose a Desk Chair
Desk chairs are available in many shapes, sizes and colors. A good office chair helps prevent back, neck and even leg pain while you're sitting. Some desk chairs are made specifically for existing health problems. Other desk chairs focus on adjustability and customized comfort options. Choosing an office chair requires you to assess a few things about your lifestyle and environment. Look below to learn how to choose a desk chair.
How to Organize a Home Office Desk
Whether you use your home office desk as your full-time workspace or to pay bills and correspond with loved ones, it can quickly become chaotic and disordered. Not only will having a clean, organized home office desk increase your productivity; it will lower your stress level as well. Once you know where to begin and have a goal in mind, you will have a tidy desk with everything in its place. Take a look below to learn how to organize a home office desk.
How to Choose a Computer Desk
Choosing the right kind of computer desk for your home office is vital. With just a little planning, you can find a computer desk that simplifies your work space and makes the time you spend at your computer much more enjoyable. Comfortable computer desks can also be beneficial to your work performance. With the right kind of computer desk, you can stay organized and avoid printer and fax cable wires getting tangled across your workspace. Keep reading for tips and hints on choosing a computer desk.
Desk Chair Fact Sheet
Most people spend many hours a day sitting at an office chair, whether at a home computer, work or both. That's why it's so important for your desk chair to accommodate changing positions while providing physical support and comfort. Consider seat comfort and features, mobility options and overall posture controls to ensure a comfortable seated position. Before buying one for yourself, take a look at this desk chair fact sheet.
FAQs about Computer Desks
A computer desk provides a central location for your keyboard, computer, monitor and computer peripherals. Today's computer desks come in a wide range of prices and designs to suit everyone from the business executive to the college student. The focus is on selecting the right combination of amenities to enhance your specific needs and computer tasks. From sophisticated work stations to pull-out computer carts, by carefully comparing style and function, you'll find a computer desk that suits your needs. Take a look at this article to learn answers to frequently asked questions about computer desks.
How to Measure a Desk for a Computer
When it comes to buying office furniture, you want to be sure that your desks and cubicles are big enough and the right shape to accommodate your computer and accessories. To find the right size for a computer desk, collect a few measurements on computer and other office tools and use these details to help you shop smart.
How to Organize Computer Desk Wires
Tangled computer desk wires that are easily visible in your home office or work office space can be distracting and even dangerous to your work environment. Wires can get pulled by accident, and people can trip over them. Exposed wires can become damaged. One of the first things to do when organizing your computer desk area is to organize and hide wires for both aesthetic and safety reasons. Below, you'll learn how to organize computer desk wires.
Desk Furniture Fact Sheet
When you want a productive and organized workspace for your home office or business, select desk furniture that suits your style and budget. Desk furniture can serve both a functional and aesthetic purpose. There are many styles and designs of desks to choose from. Whether you're a student or an executive, take time to choose the right type of desk for your needs by looking at the desk furniture fact sheet below.
Computer Desk Buying Tips
Depending on what you use it for, finding the right computer desk can be more than just a matter of personal comfort; it can be about health and wellness, too. After all, repetitive stress injuries often occur when people are not seated in the right position for tasks like typing and other computer-based work. To choose the right computer desk for your needs, start by taking a realistic look at how you intend to use the computer and the desk, and plan from there. Below, you'll learn how to choose a computer desk.
Top 5 Envelopes to Have in Your Desk
Whether you work from home or at a corporate office, it can be easy to overlook little things, like basic office supplies. Nearly every office exchanges documents, invoices and other correspondence with clients and partners. So, a variety of basic envelopes and mailers can help make mailing and shipping easier. Here are the top five envelopes to keep close at hand.
What to Look for in a Laptop Desk
Laptops have become a part of life. You can now take your computer on the road, to school, to work and even on vacations. If you plan to take your laptop computer with you when you travel but also have a workstation in a home office, then a laptop desk can be a lifesaver. Knowing what to look for in a laptop desk can help you pick the one that's perfect for you and your home office.
How to Clean Computer Desks
Most people probably don't realize the importance of keeping computer desks clean. If you fail to clean your computer desks, the dirt and dust buildup can eventually harm your computer. Dust and dirt can get trapped and build up on your computer fan, making it less effective. If enough builds up, it can cause the computer to trap too much heat without cooling down, making the computer overheat, short circuit, burn out the motor or even start a fire. Plus, dust can make your computer screen permanently cloudy if it isn't dusted off frequently. Not to mention you don't want to present visitors to your office with a dirty secretary desk or executive desk. Instead of waiting for your computer's performance or your co-workers opinion of your hygiene to suffer, get in the routine of cleaning your office desk. Here are some tips on how to go about it.
Desk Clocks for Home and Office
Keeping time can be a difficult task, especially for the busy homemaker or businessperson. Desk clocks or mantel clocks are a stylish, small-scale way to keep track of time in your home or office and add some style to your space at the same time. You can find a huge variety of desk clocks at Overstock.com at great low prices, but don't let the variety stump you. Read on to discover which desktop clocks and mantel clocks fit your decorating style and work great for the mantel or office.
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Affluent Lifestyle Guide
You might like Best Runway Models >
From Chicago
[Photographs: Josh Conley]
Being The Best means you don't have to apologize. It means you make any ridiculous rule you see fit and set prices a little too high because you know people will pay them. Because you are the best. And yes, it means a little arrogance. That attitude often begets haters, which in turn begets a take it or leave it attitude from The Best, which ultimately begets scathing Yelp and Beer Advocate retorts and strained customer service relations. Just ask my belov


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Featured news
Secure mobile messaging with Threema
| by Mirko Zorz - Wednesday, 17 September 2014.
If you're concerned about the privacy of your mobile communications, there's a variety of tools you can use to protect yourself. Today I'm taking a closer look at Threema, a mobile messaging app that comes with end-to-end encryption and supports iOS and Android, with a Windows Phone edition in the works.
Bulletproof SSL and TLS
| by Zeljka Zorz - Friday, 12 September 2014.
Deploying SSL or TLS in a secure way is a great challenge for system administrators. This book aims to simplify that challenge by offering extensive knowledge and good advice - all in one place.
Inside the ISO 27001 Documentation Toolkit
| by Mirko Zorz - Tuesday, 19 August 2014.
You work for a small or medium company and you'd like to become compliant, but budget is always an issue. The ISO 27001 Documentation Toolkit from 27001 Academy is here to help. The Toolkit is available in several languages and will guide you through the whole process for a fraction of the cost of a consultant.
It's important to note that I'm not an ISO 27001 expert. Still, I was curious to see what value could the Documentation Toolkit offer to someone that's approaching this challenge for this first time.
Using the iStorage datAshur Personal secure USB flash drive
| by Zeljka Zorz - Wednesday, 20 August 2014.
The iStorage datAshur Personal is a PIN-activated USB flash drive designed for everyday use, both private and corporate. The drive comes in three sizes: 8GB, 16GB and 32GB.
Social Engineering Penetration Testing
| by Zeljka Zorz - Friday, 15 August 2014.
We know that the human element is often the weakest link in the security chain, and that attackers - whether they are after money, user information, corporate or state secrets - regularly take advantage of this fact to gain a foothold into computer systems and networks. This book aims to show you how to plan and execute an effective social engineering penetration test and assessment, and how to write a helpful report about it.
Reading our newsletter every Monday will keep you up-to-date with security news.
Receive a daily digest of the latest security news.


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Xbox One
We need more split screen games
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Who else agrees that we've been seeing less and less two player/split screen games? I mean we went from 4 player co-op in black ops, to none in titanfall.
We need more split screen games! Not everyone plays online or likes talking to strangers
It would be nice, I do enjoy having the option. I don't use it too often, but I'd pick up a game if it had the option.
"The best way to get the right answer on the Internet is not to ask a question, it's to post the wrong answer." - Cunningham's Law
This has been an issue since last gen. I don't get what happened but it is annoying. Espicially when Gears of War and Resident Evil 5 had some of the best split screen COOP ever. RE5 was espicially fun.
PSN: method114
I hate splitting my screen...
I understand there is a small demand for it, but way too small for it to make a comeback.
lol these new machines can barely handle one screen lmao
method115 posted...
This has been an issue since last gen. I don't get what happened but it is annoying. Espicially when Gears of War and Resident Evil 5 had some of the best split screen COOP ever. RE5 was espicially fun.
I will be VERY upset if the next gears doesnt have split screen. VERY UPSET
I await my Halo and fully expect 4 player split screen.
" I thought you were going to fight alone; I
said come alone...I didn't say anything about me." G.O.B.
omega1110 posted...
I await my Halo and fully expect 4 player split screen.
Cant wait
With people complaining about the lower resolutions and frame rate, splitscreen is probably the first thing to go in order to offer better resolutions and frame rate.
(>O_O)> <(o_o<)
(>O_O)> <(o_o<)
I'd love it if the next battlefield game was split screen, imagine how good that would be. But as MrL3g3nd mentioned, these systems aren't that powerful and battlefield is quite a demanding game. The ps4 can't run bf4 at 1080p.
MRL3G3ND posted...
I hate splitting my screen...
8 years old PC elitist is butthurt because PC games almost never do splitscreen.
The demand is actually quite high and every splitscreen game has it's shortcoming completely forgotten due to the fact that you can play real multi with a real live person.
Splitscreen can really make any player REALLy forgiving.
How many games have you played where you thought "yeah it's fun with two players , but boring solo".
Take bio hazard 6 , it's a trash game solo , but pretty fun with a real person.
Splitscreen is one of those feature that I want in every game.
Only kids brag about performances in a videogame. Being good at a videogame is only about spending time playing it , nothing special about it.


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Jackie crocheted this amigurumi and also a smaller version as a gift for Rachel. This character is Totoro, a character from the anime, "My Neighbor Totoro." This happy portrait was taken in Island Park on a bridge that goes over the Fox River. The girls are in bokeh in the background.
Rachel's birthday was a success!! In the comments, you will see the cake the girls decorated. Now you see why they insisted on baking in the heat! A store-bought cake just wouldn't do! We had a wonderful day yesterday. Rachel insisted on her cake at 10:30 AM ... there were no complaints! Then we spent the rest of the day shooting photos in several area parks. We topped off the day with dinner at Meson Sabika, a tapas restaurant ... and then took her to the airport. Many tears ...
Happy Toy-in-the-frame Thursday!!
Stefano Santucci - www.stefanosantucci.it, and 77 other people added this photo to their favorites.
Your girls are so gorgeous Trina. I love the lit candles reflecting off of Rachel's glasses. The fun had by all shows in all of your images. And I must say, I adore that cake. Sorry the day had to come to an end.
Ok, now on to the super awesome shot of Jakie's hand crocheted Tortoro. (By the way I want one) He/she looks so cute on that bridge and I love how you masterfully lined up the bokeh of your girls with that shadow on the bridge. All fantastic shots :)))
Awesome low point of view and DoF. Love the lighting and the hint of activity in the bokeh background. Great job!
i love this :D
This is a very cool photo, great job!
I love the lines & colors!
Funny Totoro!!!!
nice shot...
sounds like a perfect day. happy birthday to her! love the bridge, I haven't been on there
TOTORO!!!!!!!!!!! <3 love that movie! my neighbor totoro!!!
I've never seen the movie (although I'm thinking that I need to borrow it off one of my brothers), but I love the look of Totoro. And Jackie made him?! Wow. I want one. He totally looks like he's saying "cheese!" and I love the bokeh girls in the background. The cake is so awesome too and I just love how you can tell how much fun you have with your girls from pictures like these. :)
Jackie is so talented! Look how cute Totoro is!!! I can see that Rachel loves him too! I LOVE her hair :)
♥ (i'll be back!)
Beautiful shot, love the DoF, and Totoro is so sweet! Sounds like a wonderful day, and the cake just looks great, and so yummy! Happy belated birthday Rachel!
Oh what a special day. (Happy 21st Birthday Rachel) (belated but sincere) These pics are a mosaic of joyful light and colors. You can't look at them without smiling. Like when you hear banjo music. Yum! : )
Oh, wow. I wish I had one of those. That is one of my favorite movies--along with Spirited Away. And Howl's Moving Castle.
Nice shot!
i like Totoro!!! nice |!
Wooow love thatt Picture and Totoro too :D
Totoro is one of my favorites movie....!!!
Totoro :) Lovely capture and angle!


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I Love FX!
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|Seattle, Washington, United States
|I've been trading in various markets for many years. I've had my share of losses, as anyone who goes through the learning process does, but most could have been avoided if I just had either the time to trade properly or had an automated system that worked for me according to parameters I set up. My profitable trading career was born of this technique and I want the world to know they don't have to suffer the losses I had!


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Ireland fans show off their match tickets before the Ireland-Wales RBS Six Nations clash in Cardiff, Wales
Ireland fans wave their flags with pride during the match at the Millennium Stadium in Wales
Rugby fans back home in Dublin watch the Six Nations game
Irish rugby enthusiasts watch on in great anticipation
Irish Rugby fans show their frustration during some of Ireland's not-so-fine points in the game
More hopeful Irish fans
An Irish rugby diehard shows his joy at Ireland's Grand Slam win
Ireland's fans celebrate the country's first Grand Slam Six Nations win since 1948
Ireland's 2009 15 join the greats of 1948 - pictured here defeating Wales in Ireland's last Grand Slam win
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The views are spectacular. I really enjoy the various flavors of Jack. The cinnamon is my favorite along with Helen's. Others have tried the wine and have walked away purchasing... read more
The views are spectacular. I really enjoy the various flavors of Jack. The cinnamon is my favorite along with Helen's. Others have tried the wine and have walked away purchasing... read more
Two things pulled up my rating of this winery up from "poor" to "average"--the cider and the view. I have visited this winery on about 5 occasions. The customer service here, 4 out of 5 times, is consistently NOT friendly or inviting. I wouldn't call it pretentious, it's just rude.This place could definitely benefit by giving their employees some training.... More
Thanks for your comment. We always strive to give the best experience we can and to do this we need to know where to improve. I only wish you would have asked to speak to a manager that day, so we could discuss the issue with the tasting room associate and improve your time while with us. Thanks again and... More
The views are spectacular. I really enjoy the various flavors of Jack. The cinnamon is my favorite along with Helen's. Others have tried the wine and have walked away purchasing several bottles. I highly recommend stopping here! I hope my daughters' want to have their wedding reception here.
Thanks! We do have beautiful weddings! More
First of all - the venue is breathtaking. The drive up the open hill is close to a half mile long & very scenic as you curve up toward the main building. The tasting room is very attractive - with large glass enclosures affording a great view of the valley to the south. The wines I tasted were quite good... More
Thanks! More
The Hauser Estate Winery is located on a knoll with beautiful scenery all around. We enjoyed the wines and bought four bottles and two wine glasses. I wanted to buy the glasses with stems but the Manager said they only could sell me stemless. I don't know why I even bought them. I have this new idea that I buy... More
Visited the estate for the first time (they also have a store on the circle in Gettysburg). There is a large area for tastings and they also have table/seating areas for a group. There isn't a huge selection, but they offer a variety of reds and whites (Apple was the only fruit wine). The Merlot was the best I've had... More
On this slow Sunday in October, Paula and I found ourselves in Gettysburg, PA enjoying a leisurely stroll through town. We happen upon the Hauser Winery store and decided to stop in. I suggested to Paula that we stop for a wine tasting which she readily agreed to. Upon entering we met Cathy who besides being a die hard Eagles... More
Go here on a sunny day, order wine or cider, and sit on the deck or side porch. There was live music outside and food trucks in the parking lot. They have a great selection of ciders on tap along with wine tastings. The view from where they are on top of a hill is perfect. We have to make... More
The area is beautiful. In the fall with all the leaves changing , the wine tasting was great! We tasted 7 wines and 1 hard cider, the place is breathing, on top of a mountain, if you every get a chance it's a must,they only have been open for 6 years.
We have visited Hauser several times, and while their wines aren't exactly our "taste", it is a beautiful place and the view alone is worth the trip. Also, some of the events they put on are a lot of fun...we've been to a concert and their soup and wine event and enjoyed both very much.
My friends, family, and I often go here for the live music, great atmosphere, food, and the wine of course. We have always had pleasant experiences and are happy that a place like this is in practically in our backyard! Our favorite group to see is the Willys. A great show and great crowd. Tastings are great too! I recommend... More
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