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Singapore: Thermo Fisher Scientific has launched CE-IVD Oncomine Solid Tumour Fusion Transcript kit for multiplexed sequencing of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor samples. Marked for... Read more
Singapore: DHL, global logistics provider, has acquired German logistics business of pharmaceuticals company STADA with a deal to manage the logistics... Read more
Singapore: Samsung Bioepis, a joint venture between Samsung Biologics and Biogen Idec, has submitted marketing authorization application (MAA) for SB2,... Read more
Singapore: BioSupplier company, Eppendorf, and journal Science have opened applications for 2015 Eppendorf and Science Prize for Neurobiology. The... Read more
Singapore: Germany-based biotech company, Berthold Technologies has partnered with Biametrics, a spin-off of Tübingen University, that develops solutions for label-free... Read more
Singapore: Global pharmaceutical company, Novartis, has recieved European Commission (EC) nod for Cosentyx (secukinumab, formerly known as AIN457) as a first-line... Read more
Singapore: Thermo Fisher Scientific has launched Oncomine Solid Tumor DNA kit for multiplexed sequencing of tumor samples at clinical laboratories. According... Read more
Singapore: In a bid to boost drug pipeline, Gilead Sciences has acquired Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) program comprising small molecule FXR agonists for the treatment... Read more
Singapore: Gilead Sciences has expanded its agreement with Ireland based Janssen for the development and commercialization of HIV drug, containing Gilead's tenofovir... Read more
Singapore: US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for German made LightMix Ebola Zaire rRT-PCR Test, distributed... Read more
Singapore: European Medicines Agency (EMA) has recommended Holoclar, an advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) containing stem cells, for approval in the European... Read more
Singapore: Global pharmaceutical company, Abbott has acquired Russian firm Veropharm at $305 million with the strategy to establish manufacturing footprint in Russia... Read more
Singapore: European Medicines Agency has slammed Indian contract research organization, GVK BioScience, for non-compliance with good clinical practice at its Hyderabad... Read more
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Rationale: The Windham Central Supervisory Union and its operational member districts recognize that motor vehicle idling poses a risk to people in the vicinity and to the environment. Exhaust from motor vehicle emissions may contribute to human health problems, air pollution, and global climate change. In addition, the EPA states monitoring at schools has shown elevated levels of air toxics during the afternoon hour coinciding with parents picking up their children. Children's lungs are still developing, and when they are exposed to elevated levels of these pollutants, children have an increased risk of developing asthma, respiratory problems and other adverse health effects. Limiting a vehicle's idling time can dramatically reduce these pollutants and children's exposure to them. State law limits the idling of school buses while waiting to board or exit students at a school, and prohibits the idling of all motor vehicles to five minutes in any 60 minute period (with exceptions). It is the intent of the schools' administration to further limit the idling of motor vehicles other than school buses on school grounds.
Download a copy of the findings here. (PDF)
Over the past two years, L&G's School Board and administration have regularly updated the community with the alternative evaluation plan since withdrawing from the New England Association of Secondary Schools of Colleges (NEASC). The Collaborative Peer Review (CPR) design was borne out of the need to involve all constituents, with student voice at the center, in school reflection and improvement efforts. With Otter Valley and Mill River Union High Schools and in consultation with Unleashing the Power of Partnerships for Learning, we successfully piloted an innovative design that resulted in evidence-based findings. With the report completed this month, four presentations to various groups featured our CPR team: seniors Madison Cannella, Erica Cutts, and Alexa Litchfield, sophomore Jake Wilkins, community member/parent Beth McDonald, teachers Dr. Ruth Ann Dunn and Ann Landenberger, and myself. In May and June, student leaders will facilitate focus groups to bring a diverse representation of students together in order to grapple with the findings and discuss possibilities for school improvement.
The five areas identified in the report demonstrate that Leland and Gray's strengths are also our greatest challenges to school improvement. Our eight-person CPR team met often to understand the deeper meaning of the results, dogged by the question, "What can account for the vast differences in students' and teachers' perceptions?" We wrestled with opposing ideals, such as trusting teachers' expertise to select valuable topics and books versus students making their own choices based on readiness and interest.
By Shane Covey
@ShaneCovey on Twitter
BRATTLEBORO >> It often seemed like Ashley Goddard had an "S" on her chest when she was smashing home runs, booting soccer balls long distances and draining 3-pointers while playing for varsity teams at Leland & Gray.
This summer, fans will be able to see the letters "USA" across the front of her jersey.
Goddard, of Jamaica, recently accepted an invitation to be part of the American Council for International Study's American Basketball Team and to represent the red, white and blue in Italy for one week this summer.
Aside from playing doubleheaders against teams from Milan and Florence, Goddard's group will visit Lake Maggiore, tour the Colosseum in Rome and explore the Trevi Fountain. The experience will go from July 13-21.
"We are very proud of Ashley and for all her hard work," said Ashley's mother, Duffy Chapin.

subset: commoncrawl


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You guys are so AWESOME!!!! Thank you! Our Christmas gift to Abby & Paul Austin in Graham, WA was delivered on
time. Abby & Paul, are natives of Maine and were very impressed with
the packaging... more
Naturally smoked over Maine hardwood and fruit wood fires, with no artificial additives. This Browne Trading Smoked Rainbow Trout is an ideal choice for introducing the uninitiated to the wonderful taste of smoked seafood. One order includes two 4 oz. fillets (enough for two people).


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How to get an early bit of spring from your fruit trees
oldryderApril 1, 2013
Go out and cut a bunch of smaller branches. Ones you'll prune anyway. Bring them in the house and put them in water. With any luck a week later you'll have green and the beginning of some flowers.
franktank232: thx for the cool dynamic pic.
milehighgirl: my condolences on taxes; I surrendered many years ago and gave the task to an accountant.
re: the sticks in the pot; it's turning out to be educational as I'm getting to watch the budding process much more closely than ever before since the pruned branches are right on my kitchen table. Assuming they continue growing I'll have flowers in a couple more days.


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Two years ago, Robert Palen abandoned his job, his wife, his children and his Northeast Philadelphia home to satisfy his fascination with a 20-something Wisconsin woman whom he knew only through a dating website, police say.
A former schoolteacher from the Northeast who is accused of molesting a boy in a Bucks County middle school waived her preliminary hearing on sexual assault charges last week.
A Northeast resident pleaded guilty on Sept. 3 to assaulting two senior men in front of the victims' grandson in the courtyard of a local apartment complex.
A Holmesburg man was arrested on rape and child sex charges on July 1, one day after police distributed a wanted flier featuring his photo.
Three George Washington High students have been arrested on assault charges related to a June 2 fight. School District Police Sgt. Daryl Giles, one of the cops who broke up the brawl, later that day was found unconscious at the school and was taken to Holy Redeemer hospital in Montgomery County, where he was pronounced dead.
An Oxford Circle man is facing an attempted murder charge after he allegedly slashed the face of a co-worker during a quarrel over their work responsibilities.
A Pottstown man is facing child rape charges after he allegedly picked up a 12-year-old runaway in Frankford, took her to a Northeast motel and forced her to have sex with him. Police arrested George Williams, 40, at his home on Aug. 28. According to court records, he is charged with rape, unlawful contact with a minor, statutory sexual assault, sexual assault, corruption of a minor, indecent assault with a person younger than 13 and indecent exposure.
A one-time Holmesburg resident is being sought by Philadelphia police and the FBI for his suspected involvement in a pair of armed carjackings last month.


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Dr. Paul V. Jones, MD
- 1550 Riverside Ave Ste A
Jacksonville, FL 32204
- 3 Locations
- (904) 355-2654
Dr. Paul V. Jones graduated from the Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine in 1981. He works in Jacksonville, FL and 2 other locations and specializes in Ophthalmology. Dr. Jones is affiliated with Orange Park Medical Center, St Vincents Medical Center and St Vincents Medical Center Southside.
Gender: Male
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine; Graduated 1981
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.


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A fluorochemical composition for rendering fibrous substrates oil repellent, water repellent, and/or stain repellent and comprising a fluorinated polymer dispersed in water or dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent, the fluorinated polymer comprising units derived from (i) a mixture of two or more fluorinated polyether monomers that differ in at least their molecular weight, the fluorinated polyether monomers having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a perfluorinated polyether group and wherein at least 90% by weight of the mixture consists of fluorinated polyether monomers that have a perfluorinated polyether group having a molecular weight of at least 750 g/mol and (ii) one or more units derived from one or more co-monomers other than a fluorinated polyether monomer and wherein the co-monomers comprise at least one non-fluorinated monomer. Also, method for treating fibrous substrate with such composition, fluorinated polyether monomers, and fluorinated polymers derived from such monomers.
1. A fluorochemical composition having oil- and/or water-repellent properties on fibrous substrates comprising a fluorinated polymer comprising units derived from (i) a mixture of two or more fluorinated polyether monomers that differ in at least their molecular weight with at least one of said monomers in an amount of at least 90% by weight of said mixture and consisting of fluorinated polyether monomers of the formula:
wherein PF is a perfluorinated polyether group having a molecular weight of at least 750 g/mol, R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Q is a divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of:
*�CH2-L1-, *�COO-L2-, *�CONRa-L2-,
wherein L1 is a chemical bond or an organic divalent linking group, L2 is an organic divalent linking group and Ra is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and * indicates the position where the linking group is attached to the group PF in formula (I), and (ii) one or more units derived from one or more co-monomers other than a fluorinated polyether monomer and wherein said co-monomers comprise at least one non-fluorinated monomer.
2. A fluorochemical composition according to
3. A fluorochemical composition according to
4. A fluorochemical composition according to
5. A fluorochemical composition according to
wherein Z represents an ethylenically unsaturated group, L represents a chemical bond or an organic divalent linking group and Rh represents a linear, cyclic or branched organic group selected from a hydrocarbon group, hydrocarbon groups that contain cyclic structures, hydrocarbon groups that are interrupted with one or more heteroatoms and hydrocarbon groups that contain a substituent selected from the group consisting of amino groups, hydroxy groups, carboxy groups and amido groups.
6. A fluorochemical composition according to
7. A fluorochemical composition according to
8. A fluorochemical composition according to
9. A fluorochemical composition according to
10. A fluorochemical composition according to
R1 f�O�Rf 2�(Rf 3)q�
wherein R1 f represents a perfluorinated alkyl group, Rf 2 represents a perfluorinated polyalkyleneoxy group consisting of perfluorinated alkyleneoxy groups having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms or a mixture of such perfluorinated alkylene oxy groups, R3 f represents a perfluorinated alkylene group and q is 0 to 1.
11. A fluorochemical composition according to
wherein n is an integer of 3 to 25.
12. A fluorochemical composition according to
13. A method of treatment, said method comprising applying to a fibrous substrate a composition as defined in
14. A method according to
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/383,349, filed May 24, 2002.
The present invention relates to a fluorochemical composition for rendering fibrous substrates oil repellent, water repellent and/or stain repellent. In particular, the present invention relates to fluorochemical compositions that contain a dispersion of a particular fluorinated polymer in water or a dispersion or solution thereof in an organic solvent. The invention further relates to a method of treating the fibrous substrate with the fluorochemical composition. The invention also relates to particular fluorinated polyether monomers and to fluorinated polymers derived therefrom.
Compositions for making substrates, in particular fibrous substrates, such as textile, oil- and water repellent have been long known in the art. When treating fibrous substrates and in particular textile such as apparel, it is desired that the textile retains its look and feel as much as possible. Therefore, the composition should normally not contain components that would affect the look of the product, i.e., the treatment should be substantially invisible to the unaided human eye. Also the feel of the substrate should preferably be substantially unaffected. Typically this means that only low amounts of the solids of the composition can be applied. Accordingly, an oil- and/or water repellent composition should be highly effective in rendering a substrate repellent.
Commercially available oil- and/or water repellent compositions are typically based on fluorinated compounds that have a perfluorinated aliphatic group. Such compositions are also described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,276,175 and EP 435 641. The commercial success of this type of compositions can be attributed to their high effectiveness. Fluorinated compounds based on perfluorinated ether moieties have also been described in the prior art for rendering fibrous substrates oil- and/or water repellent. For example, perfluorinated polyether compounds have been disclosed in EP 1 038 919, EP 273 449, JP-A-04-146917, JP-A-10-081873, U.S. Pat. No. 3,536,710, U.S. Pat. No. 3,814,741, U.S. Pat. No. 3,553,179 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,446,761.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,553,179 discloses acrylate type esters of perfluoropolyoxa-alkaneamidoalkyl alcohols and homo- and copolymers derived therefrom and the treatment therewith of fabrics to render the latter oil- and/or water repellent. According to the teaching of this patent, the best results are obtained when the polymer is derived from monomers in which the perfluorinated polyether moiety has a fairly low molecular weight. Such compounds however have the disadvantage that perfluorinated degradation products may form or perfluorinated residuals from the preparation of polymer may be present that have a low molecular weight. These compounds can be present in substantial amounts and may not eliminate quickly from living organisms and are therefore environmentally less desired. Additionally, the examples in this patent indicate that fairly high levels of the fluorinated polymer need to be applied on the fabric and even then, the compositions do not always seem to provide oil repellency properties.
Accordingly, it is a desire to find fluorochemical compositions based on a perfluorinated polyether compound that can provide good to excellent oil- and/or water repellency properties to a fibrous substrate. Preferably, the fluorochemical composition is capable of providing durable oil- and/or water repellency properties to a fibrous substrate such that a treated fibrous substrate can substantially maintain the repellency properties even after several washing cycles. Preferably a fibrous substrate treated with the fluorochemical composition has a soft feel, preferably the feel of a treated fibrous substrate is either the same or softer compared to the untreated fibrous substrate. It is a further desire that the fluorochemical compositions can be easily and efficiently manufactured at a low cost. It is further desired to find compositions that have environmentally beneficial properties.
In accordance with one aspect, the present invention provides a fluorochemical composition comprising a fluorinated polymer dispersed in water or dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, said fluorinated polymer comprising units derived from (i) a mixture of two or more fluorinated polyether monomers that differ in at least their molecular weight, said fluorinated polyether monomers having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a perfluorinated polyether group and wherein at least 90% by weight and preferably at least 95% by weight of said mixture consists of fluorinated polyether monomers that have a perfluorinated polyether group having a molecular weight of at least 750 g/mol and (ii) one or more units derived from one or more co-monomers other than a fluorinated polyether monomer and wherein said co-monomers comprise at least one non-fluorinated monomer. The terms �dispersion� and �disperse� as used herein are intended to include dispersion of solids in a liquid as well as liquid in liquid dispersions, which are often called emulsions.
In a further aspect, the present invention also provides a method of treatment of a fibrous substrate with the fluorochemical composition. It has been found that the fluorochemical composition can provide good oil- and/or water repellency properties to the substrate even at low levels of application of for example between 0.1% by weight and 1% by weight based on the weight of the substrate. Additionally, a more environmentally friendly fluorochemical composition can be conveniently manufactured and at a reasonable cost. Indications show that perfluorinated polyether compounds that have a perfluorinated polyether moiety having a molecular weight of at least 750 g/mol and perfluorinated polyether degradation products that may form therefrom would eliminate well from the body of living organisms. In particular compounds having perfluorinated polyether moieties having a molecular weight of at least 750 g/mol and which are based on a polycondensation of hexafluoropropylene oxide would eliminate more easily from the body of living organisms compared to long chain perfluoroaliphatic compounds. Thus, by minimizing the amount of monomers that have low molecular weight fluorinated polyether moieties in the preparation of the fluorinated polymer, environmentally more friendly compositions can be made in a convenient and cost effective way.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention there are also provided monomers according to the formula:
In a still further aspect, the present invention provides monomers of the formula:
In a further aspect of the invention, there are provided fluorinated polymers including homopolymers as well as copolymers that can be prepared from the aforementioned monomers of formula (II) or (III). Fluorochemical compositions of these fluorinated polymers are provided as well and have been found to yield good repellency properties even if no units derived from non-fluorinated monomers are present in the polymer.
The fluorinated polyether monomers for the preparation of the fluorinated polymer preferably correspond to the formula:
The perfluorinated polyether moiety PF of the fluorinated polyether monomer of formula (I) preferably corresponds to the formula:
Thus, in a particular embodiment of the invention, the fluorinated polyether monomer corresponds to the formula:
Specific examples of fluorinated polyether monomers according to formula (I) or (II) include:
The fluorinated polyether compounds of the above formula (I) and (II) can be readily obtained starting from, e.g., acid, ester or acid halide terminated perfluorinated polyether and reacting with an appropriate reactant to introduce the ethylenically unsaturated group and linking group Q or Q2. These reactions are well-known to those skilled in the art and examples of suitable reactions and reactants to introduce the ethylenically unsaturated group and linking group Q or Q2 can be found for example in EP 870 778. For example, the following table lists some -Q-C(R)═CH2 end groups that can be obtained from a reaction of an acid or ester terminated perfluorinated polyether with the indicated reactant:
Still further suitable fluorinated monomers include those that correspond to the following general formula (III):
Fluorinated polyether monomers according to formula (III) can be obtained by first condensing a di- or triisocyanate with, respectively, an equimolar or double molar amount of a perfluorinated polyether that has an isocyanate reactive group such as a hydroxy group, thiol or amine in its end-group. This reaction is typically carried out at temperatures between 50 and 80� C., by slow addition of the perfluorinated polyether alcohol, thiol or amine to a solution of the polyisocyanate in an anhydrous organic solvent without zerewitinoff hydrogens, such as ethylacetate or isobutylmethylketone, further containing small amounts of radical inhibitors such as hydroquinone monoalkylethers or phenothiazine (50�200 ppm). Optionally a small amount of a tin or other suitable urethane catalyst can be added to accelerate the reaction. After completion of this first step an equimolar amount of a monofunctional polymerizable compound is added and reacted until all residual isocyanate groups have disappeared. For completion of the second step, sometimes additional catalyst and a slight excess of the polymerizable compound may be required. Preferred polymerizable compounds include acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides, that have been functionalized with a hydroxy, carboxyl, amino or thiol group. The condensation reaction may further involve a chain extender such as a diol or a diamine. Examples of chain extenders include alkane diols and alkane diamines.
Examples of polyisocyanates for preparing the monomers of formula (III) include aromatic as well as aliphatic polyisocyanates. Suitable polyisocyanates for the preparation of the blocked polyisocyanate extenders preferably are di- or triisocyanates as well as mixtures thereof. Specific examples are aromatic diisocyanates such as 4,4′-methylenediphenylenediisocyanate, 4,6-di-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzene diisocyanate, 2,4-toluenediisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, o, m, and p-xylylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenylether, 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, 4,5′-diphenyldiisocyanate, 4,4′-diisocyanatodibenzyl, 3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenyl, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenyl, 2,2′-dichloro-5,5′-dimethoxy-4,4′-diisocyanato diphenyl, 1,3-diisocyanatobenzene, 1,2-naphthylene diisocyanate, 4-chloro-1,2-naphthylene diisocyanate, 1,3-naphthylene diisocyanate, and 1,8-dinitro-2,7-naphthylene diisocyanate and aromatic tri-isocyanates such as polymethylenepolyphenylisocyanate.
Still further isocyanates that can be used include alicyclic diisocyanates such as 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylis aliphatic diisocyanates such as 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate, and 1,2-ethylenediisocyanate; aliphatic triisocyanates such as 1,3,6-hexamethylenetriisocyanate; aromatic tri-isocyanates such as polymethylenepolyphenylisocyanate (PAPI); cyclic diisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate. Also useful are isocyanates containing internal isocyanate-derived moieties such as biuret-containing tri-isocyanates such as that available from Bayer as DESMODUR� N-100, isocyanurate-containing tri-isocyanates such as that available from Huls AG, Germany, as IPDI-1890, and azetedinedione-containing diisocyanates such as that available from Bayer as DESMODUR� TT. Also, other di- or tri-isocyanates such as those available from Bayer as DESMODUR� L and DESMODUR� W, and tri-(4-isocyanatophenyl)-methane (available from Bayer as DESMODUR� R) and DDI 1410 from Henkel are suitable.
Examples of fluorinated macromonomers according to formula (III) include the following:
In the above listed examples, PF has the meaning as defined above and is preferably CF3CF2CF2O�(CF(CF3)CF2O)nCF(CF3)� and Me represents methyl.
In one aspect of the invention to prepare the fluorinated polymer of the fluorochemical composition, a mixture of two or more fluorinated polyether monomers, typically a mixture of fluorinated polyether monomers that differ in molecular weight, is copolymerized with one or more co-monomers, at least one of which is a non-fluorinated monomer. Non-fluorinated monomers include for example a hydrocarbon group containing monomer such as monomers that can be represented by formula:
Examples of non-fluorinated comonomers include hydrocarbon esters of an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. Examples include n-butyl(meth)acrylate, isobutyl(meth)acrylate, octadecyl(meth)acrylate, lauryl(meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclodecyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, adamantyl (meth)acrylate, tolyl (meth)acrylate, 3,3-dimethylbutyl (meth)acrylate, (2,2-dimethyl-1-methyl)propyl (meth)acrylate, cyclopentyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, t-butyl (meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, behenyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, 4-ethyl-cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate and tetrahydropyranyl acrylate. Further non-fluorinated comonomers include allyl esters such as allyl acetate and allyl heptanoate; alkyl vinyl ethers or alkyl allyl ethers such as cetyl vinyl ether, dodecylvinyl ether, ethylvinyl ether; unsaturated acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alpha-chloro acrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and their anhydrides and their esters such as vinyl, allyl, methyl, butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, cyclohexyl, lauryl, stearyl, isobornyl or alkoxy ethyl acrylates and methacrylates; alpha-beta unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, 2-chloroacrylonitrile, 2-cyanoethyl acrylate, alkyl cyanoacrylates; alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives such as allyl alcohol, allyl glycolate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, n-diisopropyl acrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates such as N,N-diethylaminoethylmethacrylate, N-t-butylaminoethylmethacrylate; alkyl(meth)acrylates having an ammonium group such as (meth)acrylates of the formula X−R3N+�Re�OC(O)�CRf═CH2 wherein X− represents an anion such as, e.g., a chloride anion, R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group and each R may the same of different, Re represents an alkylene and Rf represents hydrogen or methyl; styrene and its derivatives such as vinyltoluene, alpha-methylstyrene, alpha-cyanomethyl styrene; lower olefinic hydrocarbons which can contain halogen such as ethylene, propylene, isobutene, 3-chloro-1-isobutene, butadiene, isoprene, chloro and dichlorobutadiene and 2,5-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene, hydrocarbon monomers comprising (poly)oxyalkylene groups including (meth)acrylates of a polyethylene glycol, (meth)acrylates of a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, (meth)acrylates of amino- or diamino terminated polyethers and (meth)acrylates of methoxypolyethyleneglycols and hydrocarbon monomers comprising a hydroxyl group include hydroxylgroup containing (meth)acrylates, such as hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate and hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate. Preferably, the non-fluorinated comonomer(s) will comprise one or more chlorine containing monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the fluorinated polymer includes units having one or more cure sites. These units will typically derive from corresponding co-monomers that include one or more cure sites. Examples of co-monomers from which a cure site unit may derive include (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, malcic anhydride, allyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, N-hydroxymethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-methoxymethyl acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl acrylamide, N-isobutoxymetbyl acrylamide, glycidylmethacrylate and α,αdimethyl-m-isopropenylbenzyl isocyanate [α,α dimethyl m. isopropenyl beuzyl isocyanate]. Other examples include polymerizable urethanes, that can be obtained by the reaction of a polymerizable mono-isocyanate with an isocyanate blocking agent or by the reaction of a di- or poly-isocyanate and a hydroxy or amino-functionalized acrylate or methacrylate and an isocyanate blocking agent.
The fluorinated polymer may also comprise units that derive from fluorinated co-monomers other than fluorinated polyether monomers. Such additional fluorinated monomers are preferably short chain perfluoroaliphatic containing monomers. Preferably, fluorinated co-monomers that may be used in preparing the fluorinated polymer of the fluorochemical composition include those of the following formula:
Specific examples of fluorinated aliphatic group containing monomers include:
(CF3)2CFCF2SO2N(CH3)CH2CH2OCOCRd═CH2, and
wherein Rd is hydrogen or methyl.
In the above described aspect of the invention, the fluorinated polymer is a copolymer that typically comprises between 5 and 95% by weight of units deriving from the fluorinated polyether monomer and between 95 and 5% by weight of units deriving from one or more co-monomers that comprise at least one non-fluorinated monomer. More preferably, the fluorinated polymer will comprise between 10% by weight and 75% by weight of units deriving from the fluorinated polyether monomer and between 90% and 25% by weight of units deriving from non-fluorinated monomers and optional fluorinated monomers other than the fluorinated polyether monomer. In a particular preferred embodiment, the fluorinated polymer will comprise from 5 to 70% by weight of units deriving from the fluorinated polyether monomer, between 1 and 30% by weight of monomers comprising a cure site and between 0 and 94% by weight of other non-fluorinated monomers and/or other fluorinated monomers.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the fluorinated polymer of the fluorochemical composition may be a fluorinated polymer that comprises one or more units that are derived from a monomer according to formula (II) or (III) and optionally one or more further units derived from comonomers described above including non-fluorinated and/or fluorinated comonomers described above. Thus, in accordance with this aspect of the invention, the fluorinated polymer can be a homopolymer of a monomer of formula (II) or (III), a polymer of a mixture of monomers according to formula (II) or (III) that differ in their molecular weight and of which preferably at least 90% by weight has a perfluorinated polyether group of a molecular weight of at least 750 g/mol, or a copolymer of one or more monomers of formula (II) or (III) and a co-monomer at least one of which is a non-fluorinated monomer.
The fluorinated polymer is typically prepared by free radical polymerisation e.g. by solution or mini-emulsion polymerisation techniques. Various surfactants such as anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric surfactants may be employed. They can be used alone or in combination. Alternatively, the polymerisation may be done in solvent. The polymerisation can be a thermal or photochemical polymerisation, carried out in the presence of a free radical initiator. Useful free radical initiators are known in the art and include azo compounds, such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), azobisvaleronitrile and azobis(2-cyanovaleric acid), 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride and the like, hydroperoxides such as cumene, t-butyl, and t-amyl hydroperoxide, dialkyl peroxides such as di-t-butyl and dicumylperoxide, peroxyesters such as t-butylperbenzoate and di-t-butylperoxy phthalate, diacylperoxides such as benzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide.
The polymerisation may further be carried out in the presence of a chain transfer agent or a chain terminator to tailor the molecular weight and/or properties of the fluorochemical polymer. Typically, the fluorinated polymer has a weight average molecular weight between 5000 and 300 000, preferably between 5000 and 100 000.
The fluorochemical composition comprises a dispersion of the fluorinated polymer in water or a dispersion or solution in an organic solvent. Generally, the amount of fluorinated polymer contained in the treating composition is between 0.01 and 4% by weight, preferably between 0.05 and 3% by weight based on the total weight of the fluorochemical composition. Higher amounts of fluorinated polymer of more than 4% by weight, for example up to 10% by weight may be used as well, particularly if the uptake of the fluorochemical composition by the substrate is low. Generally, the fluorochemical treating composition will be prepared by diluting a more concentrated fluorochemical composition to the desired level of fluorinated polymer in the treating composition. The concentrated fluorochemical composition can contain the fluorinated polymer in an amount of up to 70% by weight, typically between 10% by weight and 50% by weight.
The weight average particle size of the fluorinated polymer particles in an aqueous or solvent dispersion is preferably not more than 400 nm, more preferably is not more than 300 nm. A typical range is from 50 nm to 400 nm.
An aqueous dispersion of the fluorinated polymer may be non-ionic, anionic, cationic or zwitterionic. The dispersion is preferably stabilised using non-fluorinated surfactants, such as non-ionic polyoxyalkylene, in particular polyoxyethylene surfactants, anionic non-fluorinated surfactants, cationic non-fluorinated surfactants and zwitterionic non-fluorinated surfactants. Specific examples of non-fluorinated surfactants that can be used are nonionic types such as Emulsogen EPN 207 (Clariant) and Tween 80 (ICI), anionic types such as lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, cationic types such as Arquad T-50 (Akzo), Ethoquad 18�25 (Akzo) or amphoteric types such as lauryl amineoxide and cocamido propyl betaine. The non-fluorinated surfactant is preferably present in an amount of about 1 to about 25 parts by weight, preferably about 2 to about 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the fluorochemical composition.
Alternatively, a dispersion or solution of the fluorinated polymer in an organic solvent can be used as the fluorochemical treating composition. Suitable organic solvents include alcohols such as isopropanol, methoxy propanol and t.butanol, ketones such as isobutyl methyl ketone and methyl ethylketone, ethers such as isopropylether, esters such ethylacetate, butylacetate or methoxypropanol acetate or (partially) fluorinated solvents such as HCFC-141b, HFC-4310 mee and hydrofluoroethers such as HFE-7100 or HFE-7200 available from 3M Company.
The fluorochemical composition may contain further additives such as buffering agent, agents to impart fire proofing or antistatic properties, fungicidal agents, optical bleaching agents, sequestering agents, mineral salts and swelling agents to promote penetration. In a particular embodiment, the fluorochemical composition may contain additionally a non-fluorinated organic compound, wherein the non-fluorinated organic compound is capable of improving relative to the fluorochemical composition without the non-fluorinated organic compound, the oil repellency or water repellency that can be achieved by the fluorochemical composition on a fibrous substrate or the durability of one or both of the repellency properties. Such non-fluorinated organic compounds are sometimes called extenders. Suitable extenders for use in the fluorochemical composition include non-fluorinated organic compounds that have one or more blocked isocyanate groups, so called blocked isocyanate compounds, or a carbodiimide compound. Preferred blocked isocyanate extenders are blocked polyisocyanates that at a temperature of less than 150� C. are capable of reacting with an isocyanate reactive group, preferably through deblocking of the blocking agent at elevated temperature. Blocked isocyanate extenders can be obtained from a reaction of an isocyanate component with a isocyanate blocking agent. Preferred blocking agents include arylalcohols such as phenols, lactams such as ε-caprolactam, δ-valerolactam, γ-butyrolactam, oximes such as formaldoxime, acetaldoxime, methyl ethyl ketone oxime, cyclohexanone oxime, acetophenone oxime, benzophenone oxime, 2-butanone oxime or diethyl glyoxime. Further suitable blocking agents include bisulfite and triazoles.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the blocked polyisocyanate may comprise the condensation product of a polyisocyanate, for example, a di- or triisocyanate, a blocking agent, and a non-fluorinated organic compound other than the blocking agent and having one or more isocyanate reactive groups such as a hydroxy, amino, or thiol group.
The carbodiimide compound can be an aromatic or aliphatic carbodiimide compound and may include a polycarbodiimide. Carbodiimides that can be used have been described in for, example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,668,726, U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,205, U.S. Pat. No. 4,024,178, U.S. Pat. No. 3,896,251, WO 93/22282, U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,028, U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,249, U.S. Pat. No. 4,977,219, U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,301, U.S. Pat. No. 4,487,964, U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,242 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,450,562. Particularly suitable carbodiimides for use in this invention include those corresponding to the formula:
The aliphatic carbodiimide extenders can be synthesized in a 1-step process by reacting aliphatic diisocyanates with an aliphatic mono-isocyanate as a chain stopper at 130 to 170� C. in the presence of a phospholine oxide or other suitable carbodiimide formation catalyst. Preferably the reaction is carried out in the absence of solvents under inert atmosphere, but high-boiling non-reactive solvents such as methyl isobutyl ketone can be added as diluents. The mole ratio of diisocyanate to mono-isocyanate can be varied from 0.5 to 10, preferably 1 to 5 .
Examples of aliphatic diisocyanates for the preparation of the carbodiimide compounds include isophorone diisocyanate, dimer diacid diisocyanate, 4,4′ dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate. Examples of mono-isocyanates are n.butyl isocyanate and octadecyl isocyanate. Representative examples of suitable carbodiimide formation catalysts are described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 2,941,988, U.S. Pat. No. 3,862,989 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,896,251. Examples include 1-ethyl-3-phospholine, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-3-phospholine-1-oxide, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-3-phospholine-1-oxide and bicyclic terpene alkyl or hydrocarbyl aryl phosphine oxide. The particular amount of catalyst used depends on the reactivity of the catalyst and the isocyanates being used. A concentration of 0.2 to 5 parts of catalyst per 100 g of diisocyanate is suitable.
In an alternative approach the aliphatic diisocyanates can be first reacted with monofunctional alcohols, amines or thiols followed by carbodiimide formation in a second step.
The fluorochemical composition may contain also further fluorochemical compounds other than the fluorinated polymer. For example, the fluorochemical composition may contain fluorochemical compounds that are based on or derived from perfluoroaliphatic compounds. Nevertheless, it is not necessary to include such compounds in the fluorochemical composition. Also, if perfluoroaliphatic based compounds are included in the composition, they are preferably compounds based on short chain perfluoroaliphatics having not more than 5 or 6 carbon atoms such as compounds containing C4F9� groups.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fluorochemical composition will be free of or substantially free of perfluorinated polyether moieties having a molecular weight of less than 750 g/mol and/or perfluoroaliphatic groups of more than 5 or 6 carbons. By the term �perfluoroaliphatic groups� is meant groups consisting of carbon and fluorine without including perfluorinated end groups of the perfluorinated polyether moieties. By the term �substantially free of� is meant that the particular perfluorinated polyether moieties are present in amounts of not more than 10% by weight, preferably not more than 5% by weight and most preferably not more than 1% by weight based on the total weight of perfluorinated polyether moieties in the composition and that the particular perfluoroaliphatic groups having more than 5 or 6 carbons are present in amounts of not more than 10% by weight, preferably not more than 5% by weight and most preferably not more than 1% by weight based on the total weight of perfluoroaliphatic groups in the composition. Compositions that are free of or substantially free of these moieties or groups are preferred because of their beneficial environmental properties.
In order to affect treatment of the fibrous substrate the fibrous substrate is contacted with the fluorochemical composition. For example, the substrate can be immersed in the fluorochemical treating composition. The treated substrate can then be run through a padder/roller to remove excess fluorochemical composition and dried. The treated substrate may be dried at room temperature by leaving it in air or may alternatively or additionally be subjected to a heat treatment, for example, in an oven. This heat treatment is typically carried out at temperatures between about 50� C. and about 190� C. depending on the particular system or application method used. In general, a temperature of about 120� C. to 170� C., in particular of about 150� C. to about 170� C. for a period of about 20 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 3 to 5 minutes, is suitable. Alternatively, the chemical composition can be applied by spraying the composition on the fibrous substrate.
It was found that with fluorochemical compositions of this invention, good to excellent oil- and/or water repellent properties on the fibrous substrate can be achieved. Moreover, these properties can be achieved without subjecting the fibrous substrate to a heat treatment, i.e. the properties can be achieved upon air drying the fibrous substrate after the application of the composition. Also, it was observed that the repellency properties are durable, i.e., even after several washing or dry cleaning cycles, the repellency properties can be substantially maintained. The compositions furthermore in many instances do not negatively affect the soft feel of the fibrous substrates or may even improve the soft feel of the fibrous substrate.
The amount of the treating composition applied to the fibrous substrate is chosen so that a sufficiently high level of the desired properties are imparted to the substrate surface preferably without substantially affecting the look and feel of the treated substrate. Such amount is usually such that the resulting amount of the fluoropolymer on the treated fibrous substrate will be between 0.05% and 3% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 1% by weight based on the weight of the fibrous substrate. The amount which is sufficient to impart desired properties can be determined empirically and can be increased as necessary or desired. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the treatment is carried out with a composition and under conditions such that the total amount of perfluorinated polyether groups having a molecular weight of less than 750 g/mol and/or perfluoroaliphatic groups of more than 6 carbon atoms is not more than 0.1%, preferably not more than 0.05% by weight based on the weight of the fibrous substrate.
Fibrous substrates that can be treated with the fluorochemical composition include in particular textile or carpet. The fibrous substrate may be based on synthetic fibers, e.g. polyester, polyamide and polyacrylate fibers or natural fibers, e.g. cellulose fibers as well as mixtures thereof. The fibrous substrate may be a woven as well as a non-woven substrate.
The invention will now be further illustrated with reference to the following examples without the intention to limit the invention thereto. All parts and percentages are by weight unless stated otherwise.
Formulation and Treatment Procedure:
Treatment baths were formulated containing a defined amount of the fluorochemical polymer. Treatments were applied to the test substrates by padding to provide a concentration as indicated in the examples (based on fabric weight and indicated as SOF (solids on fabric)). Samples were air dried at ambient temperature for 24�48 hours followed by conditioning at 21� C. and 50% relative humidity for 2 hours (air cure). Alternatively, the samples were dried and cured at 160� C. during 1.5 minutes or at 150� C. during 10 minutes, as indicated in the examples.
After drying and heat cure, the substrates were tested for their repellency properties.
Substrates used for the evaluation of treatments of this invention were commercially available and are listed below:
Respective data of water and oil repellency shown in the Examples and Comparative Examples were based on the following methods of measurement and evaluation criteria:
Spray Rating (SR)
The spray rating of a treated substrate is a value indicative of the dynamic repellency of the treated substrate to water that impinges on the treated substrate. The repellency was measured by Standard Test Number 22, published in the 1985 Technical Manual and Yearbook of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), and was expressed in terms of �spray rating� of the tested substrate. The spray rating was obtained by spraying 250 ml water on the substrate from a height of 15 cm. The wetting pattern was visually rated: using a 0 to 100 scale, where 0 means complete wetting and 100 means no wetting at all.
Water Repellency Test (WR)
The water repellency (WR) of a substrate was measured using a series of water-isopropyl alcohol test liquids and was expressed in terms of the �WR� rating of the treated substrate. The WR rating corresponded to the most penetrating test liquid that did not penetrate or wet the substrate surface after 10 seconds exposure. Substrates which were penetrated by 100% water (0% isopropyl alcohol), the least penetrating test liquid, were given a rating of 0; substrates resistant to 100% water were given a rating W and substrates resistant to 100% isopropyl alcohol (0% water), the most penetrating test liquid, were given a rating of 10. Other intermediate ratings were calculated by dividing the percent isopropylalcohol in the test liquid by 10, e.g., a treated substrate resistant to a 70%/30% isopropyl alcohol/water blend, but not to an 80%/20% blend, would be given a rating of 7.
Oil Repellency (OR)
The oil repellency of a substrate was measured by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Standard Test Method No. 118-1983, which test was based on the resistance of a treated substrate to penetration by oils of varying surface tensions. Treated substrates resistant only to Nujol� mineral oil (the least penetrating of the test oils) were given a rating of 1, whereas treated substrates resistant to heptane (the most penetrating of the test liquids) were given a rating of 8. Other intermediate values were determined by use of other pure oils or mixtures of oils, as shown in the following table.
CF3CF2CF2�O�(CF(CF3)CF2O)nCF(CF3)CONHCH2CH2O2CC(Me)═CH2, with k and n indicative of degree of oligomerization and k=n+2
All parts, ratios, percentages etc. in the following examples are by weight unless otherwise noted.
Synthesis of Fluorochemical Macromers
1. Synthesis of HFPO-oligomer Alcohol ((HFPO)k-alc)
HFPO-oligomer alcohols
CF3CF2CF2�O�(CF(CF3)CF2O)nCF(CF3)CONHCH2CH2OH, indicated as (HFPO)k-alc, were made according to the procedure for the synthesis of (HFPO)8.8-alc.
A 1 liter 3-necked reaction flask was equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a dropping funnel, a heating mantle and a thermometer. The flask was charged with 1000 g CF3CF2CF2�O�(CF(CF3)CF2O)6.8CF(CF3)COOCH3. The mixture was heated to 40� C. and 43.4 g ethanolamine was added via the dropping funnel, over a period of 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was kept at 65� C. during 3 hours. FTIR analysis indicated complete conversion. The end product could be purified as follows: 500 ml ethyl acetate were added and the organic solution was washed with 200 ml HCL (1N), followed by 2 washings with 200 ml brine. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4. Ethyl acetate was evaporated with waterjet vacuum, using a B�chi rotavapor. The product was dried at 50� C. during 5 hours, using oil pump vacuum (<1mbar). An alternative purification step includes evaporation of methanol, formed during reaction, via water jet vacuum, using a B�chi rotavapor (up to 75� C.=<100 mm Hg). Residual methanol was further removed with oil pump vacuum (up to 80� C.,=<10 mbar).
The HFPO-oligomer alcohol (HFPO)8.8-alc obtained, was a yellow coloured oil, with medium viscosity. The structure was confirmed by means of NMR. The HFPO-oligomer alcohol (HFPO)11.5-alc was made following the same procedure.
2. Synthesis of (HFPO)k-methacrylate
The (HFPO)11.5-methacrylate CF3CF2CF2�O�(CF(CF3)CF2O)9.5CF(CF3)CONHCH2CH2O2CC(Me)═CH2 was made starting from the corresponding (HFPO)11.5-alc CF3CF2CF2�O�(CF(CF3)CF2O)9.5CF(CF3)CONHCH2CH2OH, with Mw 1926. 725.2 g (HFPO) 11.5-alc were placed in a 2 liter three-necked round bottom flask, equipped with a condenser, a stirrer, a nitrogen inlet and a temperature control. 64.4 g methacrylic anhydride and 280 ml HFE 7100 were added. The mixture was stirred until the reagents were dissolved. 1 g concentrated sulfuric acid was added. An exothermic reaction was noted. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight after the exotherm had subsided. 1000 ml DI water were added. The mixture was shaken. After the emulsion had been allowed to separate overnight, the organic phase was separated and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. IR analysis and gas chromatography confirmed the formation of the methacrylate ester.
(HFPO)8.8-methacrylate was made according to the same procedure and starting from the corresponding (HFPO)8.8-alcohol.
3. Synthesis of (HFPO)�8.8-alc/IPDI/HEMA
A 250 ml 3-necked reaction flask, equipped with condenser, stirrer, dropping funnel, temperature control and nitrogen inlet was charged with 11.1 gram IPDI. A solution of 75.3 g (HFPO)8.8-alcohol, 23 mg Sn(octanoate)2, 14 mg phenothiazine and 14 mg MEHQ in 31 g dry acetone was added over 1 hr via dropping funnel, while heating at 55� C. The reaction was continued at 55� C. for 4 hrs, followed by addition of 7.8 g HEMA over 3 hrs via dropping funnel. The reaction was continued overnight to obtain a clear, yellowish 75% solution. Completion of the reaction was confirmed by disappearance of the NCO absorptions in the FT-IR spectrum.
4. Synthesis of Fluorochemical Macromers (co)polymers FM-1 to FM-4
100 ml polymerization bottles were charged with 75% fluorochemical (HFPO)8.8-alc/IPDI/HEMA solution, comonomers and ethylacetate in amounts as indicated in the table, followed by 0.15 g V-59 initiator. The polymerization bottles were degassed using water jet vacuum, purged with nitrogen atmosphere and sealed. For FM-3 and FM-4, VCl2 was added after degassing and purging with nitrogen. Polymerization was carried out overnight in a Launder-o-meter at 75� C. An additional 0.075 g V-59 was then charged and the reaction continued for 6 hrs. All examples gave semi-viscous polymer solutions.
For emulsification the macromer polymer solutions were heated to 65� C. and added to a solution of 0.75 g Ethoquad� 18/25 in 36.75 g deionized water, whilst stirring. The pre-mixes were subjected to ultra-sound for 2 minutes using a Branson 450 sonifier. Ethyl acetate and acetone were stripped off with a B�chi rotavapor, using waterjet vacuum at 55� C. Milky dispersions were obtained for all examples.
5. Synthesis of HFPO Macromer FM-5
25.0 grams of CF3CF2CF2�O�(CF(CF3)CF2O)9.5CF(CF3)CONHCH2CH2O2CC(Me)═CH2, 44 grams N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 29.4 grams HFE 7100, 0.3 grams AIBN and 0.05 gram tert-dodecyl mercaptane were combined in a 250 ml three-necked round bottom flask. The mixture was purged with nitrogen. The reaction was heated to 65� C. under nitrogen and stirred overnight. 1.7 grams acetic acid was added and the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes. A solution of 7.0 grams 30% aqueous Ethoquad� 18/25 in 89.6 grams DI water was slowly added keeping the temperature >=60� C. The mixture was emulsified with an ultrasonic homogenizer. HFE 7100 was then removed by distillation under reduced pressure at 50� C.
In examples 1 to 4, different substrates were treated with fluorochemical macromer polymer compositions as indicated in table 2, so as to give 0.3% SOF. After treatment the fabrics were dried at 160� C. during 1.5 minutes. The treated substrates were tested for their oil and water repellency. The results are summarized in table 2.
The substrates treated with different fluorochemical polyether macromer polymers had especially good oil repellency.
In examples 5 to 7, cotton substrates were treated with a fluorochemical macromer polymer FM-5, so as to give % SOF as indicated in table 3. After treatment one set of samples was dried at room temperature for 24�48 hours and a second set was cured at 150� C. for 10 minutes. The treated substrates were tested for their oil and water repellency. The results are summarized in table 3.
Cotton substrates with very good oil repellency were obtained, even after air dry conditions.
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text: Link building Team Reading List 10.6.08Oct 06 2008 By Stoney G deGeyter Did You Graduate From Link Building High School Yet? Hosting a Contest for Link Building and Buzz Link Building – 2 More Do-Follow Social Sites The Ultimate Guide to DoFollow Link Building Filed Under: Other Articles of Interest:Q: How Many Links Should you Build in 2014? A: All of ThemHow to Use Blog-Based Contests to Earn Links #linksecretsHow to Use Web Directories to Qualify Links #linksecretsEvaluating A Link's Worth [Infographic]Final Lap: Top Reads for Week Ending Jan. 11.... Stoney deGeyter Stoney deGeyter is the author of The Best Damn Web Marketing Checklist, Period!. He is the founder and CEO of Pole Position Marketing, a web presence optimization firm who's pit crew has been velocitizing websites since 1998. In his free time Stoney gets involved in community services and ministries with his bride enjoy and his children. Read Stoney's full bio. Follow Stoney:


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National Security
Power surges with no clear fix led NSA to delay the opening of a major data center in Utah. (Stock image)
The opening of the National Security Agency's $1.5 billion Utah Data Center has been delayed for a year, according to a Wall Street Journal report citing project documents and current and former officials.
The 1 million square foot data center, rumored to be the largest on Earth -- though its exact storage capacity is classified -- was most recently scheduled to open in the fall of 2013.
Instead, a series of 10 electrical surges over the past 13 months has curtailed the NSA's computing effort at the Bluffdale, Utah, facility south of Salt Lake City. The cause of the meltdowns remains unclear, and none of the proposed fixes are guaranteed to solve it, an unnamed Utah official told the Wall Street Journal.
The surges have added to the Utah Data Center's price tag, causing several hundred thousand dollars' worth of damage to equipment, and likely adds to the NSA's internal list of recent problems that include top-secret surveillance documents leaked by former contractor Edward Snowden.
Ironically, the Utah Data Center was set to open three months after Snowden disclosed its likely contents: intercepted phone records, e-mails, Internet traffic and a slew of satellite and other telecommunications data.
About the Author
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Unisys Federal Systems' Venkatapathi Puvvada, this year's Eagle award winner for industry, stresses the importance of community.
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Protests have delayed SEWP V, but industry experts say the contract vehicle offers agencies service and value that are hard to find.
The power of the individual informs FCW's coverage each and every day, but with the Federal 100, we take time to really spotlight and celebrate it. Get to know each of this year's winners.
The latest version of the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act purportedly protects companies from liability and individuals from government intrusion.
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President Obama's proposal to boost government coordination with the private sector got a warm welcome in the House Homeland Security Committee.
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About Voyager
Voyager Therapeutics is a gene therapy company developing life-changing treatments for fatal and debilitating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Gene therapy has the potential to transform the treatment of CNS and other diseases by providing a one-time therapy that dramatically improves patients' lives. We are committed to advancing the field of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy through innovation and investment in vector optimization and engineering, dosing techniques, as well as process development and production.
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Dolomite for tomatoes
I bought a bag of Turfking pelletized dolomite lime for my tomato containers and now I'm not sure I got the right kind of dolomite. It isn't plain dolomite, it also has magnesium. The store had some that was plain, I got this one because it's a 25 lb bag instead of 40 lb. I can return it, still have the receipt. Should I get some that is only dolomite or will this work? I don't want to use the wrong thing.
Thanks timmy1. I'm so glad I don't have to lug the dang thing back to the store. I want to get these tomatoes planted already. Tomorrow after work we'll get the containers ready and filled with soil, then put the tomatoes in Saturday morning for their first day in their new homes.
Limestone is a great pH increaser, so if you have acidic soil or water it is good to use. My well water pH is about 4.5 and the rain is not much better sometimes, so I have to use large amounts of limestone on the lawn and garden. But if your soil is neutral or alkaline it would be better to use a little Epsom salt instead of limestone.
Bob B.
Well . . . I was planning to use mix dolomite in my container mix to give my tomatoes calcium as suggested to me earlier in another thread. My question was whether it was okay to use dolomite that also had magnesium in it. I found both with and without magnesium listed in the ingredients or whatever you call it, but the kind without came in a 40 lb bag and the kind with was a 25 lb bag and that's what I bought. I have Epsom salts, used to use it with water soluble calcium in my planted aquarium (before I tore out all my hair and went to plastic plants!). My planting medium has quite a lot of peat, so may be a bit acidic. I'll assume it's okay to use the dolomite with magnesium and will dose with Epsom salts later on in the growing season as needed. I hope I get to plant these puppies tomorrow. I have everything ready and we were all set to get everything set up and planted tomorrow, then my son, who is supposed to be helping me with this called and told me he has to work tomorrow. His job is to haul the 3 cubic ft bags of potting mix around and dump them in the containers as well as setting the T-posts for the tomato supports. Grrr, I want to get this over with so I can start packing to move on the 15th. (My landlord is kindly letting me plant flowers and veggies before we move in.)


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Yo, who likes this frame or has ever ridden or owned an orange hitman??? I can get this frame as a closeout for $350 (canadian dollars) in either baby blue (shown), black, or some dark green. What do you think?
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Tuesday 06 November 2012 Updated: 09/11 16:34
WHITEFRIARS has agreed to look at an alternative site for its new £6million homeless centre in Hillfields.
They were lobbied into the move by ward councillors Jim O'Boyle and Naeem Akhtar, and MP Jim Cunningham who met housing association bosses last week.
The unnamed site is not far from the current favoured site on Adelaide Street, but is in a more favourable location, according to Coun O'Boyle.
The owners are understood to be prepared to parcel off sections of the land to make a sale and development easier.
Dave Hider, director of housing strategy at WM Housing Group, which Whitefriars is part of, told The Observer: "We are committed to finding the most appropriate location, so we are now looking into the suitability of the site and will report our findings back to them."
Plans for the location of the 60-room residential, training and support centre were revealed at the start of October and a planning application was set to be submitted in the next few weeks, but that may now be delayed.
Coun O'Boyle said: "Residents and ourselves are not opposed to a hostel let me make that clear.
"The current location is wrong with a children's centre, people's homes and housing for our older citizen's right next to the proposed site."
Mr Cunningham added: "Whitefriars are proposing to spend £6million of tax payer's money on this project.
"They have a duty to spend it wisely and carefully and we will hold them to account. They also have a duty to local people which they need to full fill. At the moment they are failing to do that."
Coun Naeem Akhtar said: "I hope Whitefriars listened carefully to what we said, we listened to them.
"I also pointed out their consultation had been poor and it needed to improve. They agreed with that and promised to listen and respond to all concerned residents."
1 Coventry classic car parade bids to break world record
2 Coventry Labour councillor's private apology for Nazi slur is 'not enough'
3 Woman left with severe injuries after baseball bat attack
4 Barclays announce bank holiday opening
5 Coventry City fans call for unity amid Sky Blue Trust 'anti-Sisu' agenda
THE five-year-old girl who died after the car
SCHOOLCHILDREN are being given the chance to learn
COVENTRY needs working relationship with the people behind
A DRUG addict repaid the kindness of a
'SUPERSTAR' Sienna Adderley - the five-year-old Rugby girl who kept ...
THE WIFE of Birmingham City FC goalkeeper Colin Doyle is ...
THE BANDSTAND in the middle of Leamington's Pump Room Gardens ...
A WORLD famous comedian will be stopping off in Redditch ...


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Econo Lodge
401 Goose Creek Blvd. N.
Goose Creek, SC 29445-2971
Phone: (843) 797-8200
Fax: (843) 797-6639
College Of Charleston
Founded in the year 1770, the College Of Charleston is one of the oldest municipal colleges of the United States. Even today it is rated as one of the most pioneered universities of the nation, nurturing students with its quality education. With the Main Building, Library and Gate Lodge declared a National Historic Landmark, this campus is full of beautiful architecture to enjoy. Come take a stroll around to see what the college has to offer.
66 George Street
Charleston, SC 29424
+1 843 805 5507
Earn valuable points toward free nights.


text:
realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
A selection of articles related to charity.
Original articles from our library related to the Charity. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Charity.
- King James Bible: I Corinthians, Chapter 13
- Chapter 13 13:1 Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. 13:2 And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have...
New Testament >> I Corinthians
- King James Bible: I Peter, Chapter 4
- Chapter 4 4:1 Forasmuch then as Christ hath suffered for us in the flesh, arm yourselves likewise with the same mind: for he that hath suffered in the flesh hath ceased from sin; 4:2 That he no longer should live the rest of his time in the flesh to the lusts...
New Testament >> I Peter
- King James Bible: II Titus, Chapter 2
- Chapter 2 2:1 But speak thou the things which become sound doctrine: 2:2 That the aged men be sober, grave, temperate, sound in faith, in charity, in patience. 2:3 The aged women likewise, that they be in behaviour as becometh holiness, not false accusers,...
New Testament >> Titus
- Reiki for free?
- "I always thought one had to be given the ability to use reiki, I was made a 1st degree and always wondered how to get my second...any ideas?†In other words: any volunteers to give me the attunement second degree for free? Yes, they are out there, try a...
Body Mysteries >> Reiki
- King James Bible: I Corinthians, Chapter 14
- Chapter 14 14:1 Follow after charity, and desire spiritual gifts, but rather that ye may prophesy. 14:2 For he that speaketh in an unknown tongue speaketh not unto men, but unto God: for no man understandeth him; howbeit in the spirit he speaketh mysteries....
New Testament >> I Corinthians
- King James Bible: I Corinthians, Chapter 16
- Chapter 16 16:1 Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given order to the churches of Galatia, even so do ye. 16:2 Upon the first day of the week let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him, that there be no gatherings...
New Testament >> I Corinthians
- King James Bible: I Peter, Chapter 5
- Chapter 5 5:1 The elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an elder, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed: 5:2 Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by...
New Testament >> I Peter
Charity is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Charity books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- "Act" means the Oklahoma Charity Games Act, 3A O.S. Supp.
- www.tax.ok.gov
- Car Donation/CHARITY broch
- Types of car donation programs and their impact on tax-exempt status, taxable income, and deductible contributions. A Charity's. Guide to.
- www.irs.gov
- The Future of U.S. Charity Care Programs: Implications of Health
- Overview of Charity Care Programs: The Current Environment .................................. ........................... 9 Health Reform Considerations for Charity Care Programs .
- www.academyhealth.org
- Charity Fundraising Flying
- gro.fsa.www .s
- www.aopa.org
- Social Charity
- The whole series, as you know, is on the subject of social charity. the use of social charity is in the encyclical of Pius XI, "On Restructuring Social.
- www.cesj.org
Suggested News Resources
- President Obama: Unity, charity should be focus on 9/11 anniversary
- The President also called on Americans to honor lives lost on 9/11 by participating in charity and service projects. He declared Sept. 11 another national day of service and remembrance.
- British charity workers assess Tripoli danger
- British charity workers are assessing the danger in Tripoli, Libya, and hope to enter the city in the coming days, Save the Children has said. The charity said the security situation was currently too perilous for staff.
- 4000 run in charity event
- YOUNGSTOWN - For the past 17 years, Dr. Rashid Abdu has dreamed of having a comprehensive breast care center in the Mahoning Valley to help women. That dream will become a reality on his birthday, Nov.
- Hyundai-Kia chairman makes progress on charity pledge
- By Kim Kyung-rok Hyundai-Kia Automotive Group Chairman Chung Mong-koo has decided to donate 500 billion won worth of shares to a social contribution foundation.
- Victim's family continues charity work for brother who died on 9/11
- Meg and Drew Smith, his oldest sister and her husband, convinced him to join them on a humanitarian trip with the charity Youth With A Misson in April, 2002.
Suggested Web Resources
- Charity Navigator - America's Largest Charity Evaluator | Home
- Charity Navigator, America's largest independent charity evaluator, provides free financial evaluations of America's charities.
- www.charitynavigator.org
- Charity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Charity may refer to: Concepts and practices.
- en.wikipedia.org
- charity: water
- charity: water is a non-profit organization bringing clean, safe drinking water to people in developing nations.
- www.charitywater.org
- Charity | Define Charity at Dictionary.com
- Copy & paste this link to your blog or website to reference this page. Did you know:"Eeny meeny mainee mo" had a different ending 100 years ago. What was it?
- dictionary.reference.com
- Top-Rated Charities - American Institute of Philanthropy
- www.charitywatch.org
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Charity Topics
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- Shopping Bag ( 0 items )
From the Publisher""Endless Appetites is ideal for someone interestedeconomics and global markets, packed as it is with numbers. But theinformation in this book is important for anyone who is concernedabout the future of our food supply—which should probably beall of us."
— Serious Eats!
"Worth checking out … Based on the author's personalvisits to farmers around the world, Bjerga explains how the crisishappened (short answer: greed), it's tragic effects, and whatnow has to be done to reverse them."
— The Atlantic
"Some of Bjerga's best writing is about the inner workingsof the Chicago Board of Trade and other markets, and when he bringsAmerican agricultural history into the story of what othercountries have not had and do not have to encourage stableagricultural development. … Bjerga's skill is in theway he forces the reader to make connections between aspects ofagriculture that do not normally appear together. And the book ischock full of unusual observations."
— AgWeek
"My Thanksgiving holiday book discovery will becomeChristmas season reading. ... Lest you think this is just anotherrant at financial and trading institutions, be aware that Bjerga isa veteran commodities writer and Washington correspondent."
— Lee Egerstrom in Hindsight: The Minnesota 2020Blog


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CUSTOMS SEIZES RUBBER DUCKS FOR CHEMICAL SAFETY: LOS ANGELES (AP) - U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers in Southern California have seized nearly 36,000 Chinese rubber ducks that contain levels of a chemical that may be unhealthful for children.
CARSON CITY, Nev. (AP) - A Nevada woman survived on snow and tomatoes for nearly a week and found shelter in a hollowed-out tree after she became stranded in a winter storm and her boyfriend died trying to find help, a family member said.
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. (AP) - Former Florida Gov. Charlie Crist, who was elected as the state's chief executive as a Republican and then ran for the U.S. Senate as an independent, announced on Twitter on Friday night that he's switching to the Democratic Party.
PHOENIX (AP) - Lottery officials announced Friday that a married man in his 30s from a wealthy Phoenix suburb has claimed his half of the $587.5 million Powerball jackpot, deciding to collect the winnings now and not next year because of the nation's looming fiscal cliff.
ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) - Investigators who spent hours interviewing an Alaska serial killer say he may have murdered close to a dozen people, and that he killed for pleasure and was only conflicted about how his notoriety would affect his loved ones.
WASHINGTON (AP) - The 2012 presidential election broke the $2 billion milestone in its final weeks, becoming the most expensive in American political history, according to final federal finance reports released Thursday. The reports detailed a last-minute cascade of money from mega-donors and an onslaught of spending by the Obama and Romney campaigns and "super" political action committees.
SEATTLE (AP) - A man pleaded guilty Thursday to plotting an attack on a Seattle military complex with machine guns and grenades.
SEATTLE (AP) - People openly lit joints under the Space Needle and on Seattle's sidewalks - then blew the smoke at TV news cameras. To those looking to "get baked," the city's police department suggested pizza and a "Lord of the Rings" movie marathon.
NEW BATAAN, Philippines (AP) - The Philippine government's geological hazard maps show why this farming community was largely washed away by a strong typhoon: "highly susceptible to flooding and landslides." That didn't stop some villagers from rebuilding even with bodies still lying under the mud.
FALLS CHURCH, Va. (AP) - President Barack Obama, trying to put a personal touch on "fiscal cliff" negotiations, visited a northern Virginia family's basement apartment Thursday to press his hard line on tax rate increases for the wealthy.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Sen. Jim DeMint, patron saint of the tea party and a would-be Republican kingmaker, announced suddenly Thursday he would resign his South Carolina seat to head Washington's conservative Heritage Foundation think tank, a shift that reverberated through a soul-searching GOP.
MAINE MALL SACKS SANTA AFTER RUDENESS COMPLAINTS: SOUTH PORTLAND, Maine (AP) - A mall in Maine has sacked Santa Claus after children and parents complained he was rude, grumpy and wouldn't even let one child sit on his lap.
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) - George Zimmerman sued NBC on Thursday, claiming he was defamed when the network edited his 911 call to police after the shooting of Trayvon Martin to make it sound like he was racist.
AUTOPSY: BORDER PATROL AGENT FIRED GUN 10 TIMES: SAN DIEGO (AP) - A Border Patrol agent in Southern California who shot and killed a mother of five after she hit him with her vehicle fired his gun 10 times from the hood of her car as he tried to get the woman to stop, according to an autopsy report released Thursday.
HONOLULU (AP) - Ray Emory could not accept that more than one quarter of the 2,400 Americans who died at Pearl Harbor were buried, unidentified, in a volcanic crater.
DENVER (AP) - Disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong hit two parked cars with an SUV after a night of partying in Aspen, Colorado, but agreed to let his longtime girlfriend take the blame to avoid national attention, police reports show.
PITTSBURGH (AP) - Sixteen people, most from the New York City area and with ties to Nigeria, face charges in a wire fraud and identity theft ring that prosecutors said caused the Internal Revenue Service to pay more them than $10 million in fraudulent tax refunds.
DENVER (AP) - Selfies were a likely factor in a small plane crash near Denver last year that killed the pilot and his only passenger, according to a new National Transportation Safety Board report.
HELENA, Mont. (AP) - A Billings lawmaker wants to keep drones from interfering in Montana's hunting and fishing sports.
PITTSBURGH (AP) - An Ohio man who sold fake urine and other products meant to help people pass workplace drug tests has pleaded guilty before a federal judge in Pennsylvania.
CHICAGO (AP) - Many packaged meals and snacks for toddlers contain worrisome amounts of salt and sugar, potentially creating an early taste for foods that may contribute to obesity and other health risks, according to a new government study.
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) - A 3-year-old boy found a handgun in his mother's purse and fired just one shot that wounded both his parents at an Albuquerque motel on Saturday, police said.
AN ANTONIO (AP) - Thousands of immigrants seeking legalization through the U.S. court system have had their hearings canceled and are being told by the government that it may be 2019 or later before their futures are resolved.
LOS ANGELES (AP) - A downtown Los Angeles mosque that forbids men from attending may be the first of its kind in the United States.
PHOENIX (AP) - The sideshow is over, which means Marshawn Lynch can go back to not talking and this realization can become obvious again: The Seattle Seahawks are still the best defensive team in football.
LAS VEGAS (AP) - A record 41.1 million visitors descended on Las Vegas last year.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Federal health regulators have approved an attention deficit disorder drug for a new use: A first-of-its kind treatment for binge-eating disorder.
LUDLOW, Vt. (AP) - Seventy-five years ago, the government cut 65-year-old Ida May Fuller a check. It was numbered 00-000-001 - the first Social Security payout.
PHOENIX (AP) - Go ahead, pile on the Patriots.


text:
Music is the shorthand of emotion.
Leo Tolstoy
SetCD Booze playlists
SetCD playlists
|Home > Music > SetCDs > Booze
SetCD, Booze
This is the SetCD page for Booze, below is listed the songs/tracks in it. If you are the owner you can add more tracks by browsing the Music section.
Latest Music Albums


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RIP Independent Range Hoods?
Don't know if this was posted by anyone else, I didn't see it, but...just saw that according to applianceadvisor.com Independent range hoods has gone belly up and shut its doors forever, allegedly leaving its employees without pay for their last week in the process...sad news...
West Auctions in Reno is auctioning off Independent Rangehood Inc company furniture,fixtures,and some left over hoods.
One 54" island hood. $70 is current bid.
Six various 36" wall hoods. $85 current bid.
Bidding ends this afternoon.
But you have to pick up in Reno.
It would make me sick to my stomach if they had a 42" Laramie like mine for $70.
I got mine dirt cheap at $900 but included the 1400cfm external blower and delivery to my door.
Here is a link that might be useful: LINK


text:
NY and/or LA Release Director(s): Kristina Grozeva, Peter Valchanov
In a small Bulgarian town, Nade is an honest, hard-working elementary school teacher struggling to keep her life together. Her unemployed, alcoholic husband has secretly spent their mortgage payments on booze, and now the bank is threatening to auction off the house where they live with their young daughter. The agency where she translates legal documents to English for extra cash is going under and unable to pay her ...
NY and/or LA Release Director(s): Craig Moss
Frank Vega and Bernie Pope return, this time to Louisiana in an attempt to find a kidnapped friend.
Limited Release Director(s): Joel Potrykus
Marty is a caustic, small-time con artist drifting from one scam to the next. When his latest ruse goes awry, mounting paranoia forces him from his lousy small town temp job to the desolate streets of Detroit with nothing more than a pocket full of bogus checks, a dangerously altered Nintendo Power Glove, and a bad temper.
Wide Release Director(s): Neill Blomkamp
Written by Neill Blomkamp and Terri Tatchell, in the near future, crime is patrolled by an oppressive mechanized police force. But now, the people are fighting back. When one police droid, Chappie, is stolen and given new programming, he becomes the first robot with the ability to think and feel for himself. As powerful, destructive forces start to see Chappie as a danger to mankind and order, they will stop at nothi ...
Limited Release Director(s): Daniel Alfredson
Written by William Brookfield and based on Peter R. de Vries' book, this chronicles the 1983 kidnapping of Dutch beer magnate Freddy Heineken and his driver Ab Doderer. This is about a group of childhood friends who pulled off the crime of the century: kidnapping one of the richest men in the world, the heir of the Heineken beer empire (Anthony Hopkins). The shocking capture--by gunpoint in broad daylight on the st ...
NY and/or LA Release Director(s): Frank Whaley
Surrounded by wealth and living with abundant resources in Manhattan, 12-year-old cello prodigy Reggie, lives a solitary life lacking only frequently absent parents and friends. Estranged from family, having slacker boyfriend troubles, and fired from her waitressing job, sometimes musician 23-year-old Eleanor needs a new place to live and a new job. Fate winds her lovely fingers around these two lives to unexpectedly ...
Wide Release Director(s): Robert Kenner
Inspired by the acclaimed book by Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway, this is about a secretive group of highly charismatic, silver-tongued pundits-for-hire who present themselves in the media as scientific authorities – yet have the contrary aim of spreading maximum confusion about well-studied public threats ranging from toxic chemicals to pharmaceuticals to climate change.
Limited Release Director(s): Ruba Nadda
Scott Speedman plays a mysterious man who, during a violent October storm, washes up on the shore of Helen Matthews' remote island cottage, unconscious and bleeding from a gunshot wound. Clarkson plays the recently widowed doctor who takes him in, only to find that the shooter is coming back to finish the job and that the storm has cut them off from the mainland.
NY and/or LA Release Director(s): Pierfrancesco Diliberto
This tells the tale of Arturo, a young boy whose obsession with the Mafia's casual presence in his city surpasses even his passion for Flora, the beautiful schoolmate who remains his main love interest until adulthood.
Limited Release Director(s): John Madden
The story picks up where the first film left off, with Sonny (Dev Patel) and his imminent marriage to the love of his life, Sunaina (Tina Desai). Sonny has his eye on a promising property now that his first venture, The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel for the Elderly and Beautiful, has only a single remaining vacancy - posing a rooming predicament for fresh arrivals Guy (Richard Gere) and Lavinia (Tamsin Greig). Evelyn an ...
NY and/or LA Release Director(s): Zak Hilditch
It's the last day on earth, twelve hours before a cataclysmic event will end life as we know it. James makes his way across a lawless and chaotic city to the party to end all parties. Along the way, he somewhat reluctantly saves the life of a little girl named Rose who is desperately searching for her father. Stuck with the unexpected burden of responsibility, James is forced to come to terms with what really matters ...
Wide Release Director(s): Ken Scott
Written by Steve Conrad, and formerly titled "The Business Trip," this is about a hard-working small business owner and his two associates travel to Europe to close the most important deal of their lives. But what began as a routine business trip goes off the rails in every imaginable - and unimaginable - way, including unplanned stops at a massive sex fetish event and a global economic summit.
NY and/or LA Release Director(s): Benoit Jacquot
Written by Benoît Jacquot and Julien Boivent, 3 coeurs is about a twist of fate that leaves a hapless accountant romantically torn between two sisters. While traveling through a small provincial town, reserved and melancholic Parisian Marc (Benoît Poelvoorde) meets by chance Sylvie (Charlotte Gainsbourg) after missing his train back to Paris. Instantly and intensely drawn to one another, they wander through the str ...
Limited Release Director(s): Bert Marcus
Champs challenges the perception of the American Dream through the journeys of heralded boxers Mike Tyson, Evander Holyfield and Bernard Hopkins. Chronicling these three protagonists' painstaking paths to self-discovery, the film reveals their perpetuating battles through today's most prevalent social issues as allegories for the countless Americans that face the same obstacles, including struggling with poverty, ...
Wide Release Director(s): Kenneth Branagh
This follows the fortunes of young Ella (Lily James) whose merchant father remarries following the death of her mother. Eager to support her loving father, Ella welcomes her new stepmother (Cate Blanchett) and her daughters Anastasia (Holliday Grainger) and Drisella (Sophie McShera) into the family home. But, when Ella's father unexpectedly passes away, she finds herself at the mercy of a jealous and cruel new fami ...
Limited Release Director(s): Michael Almereyda
Formerly titled "Cymbeline," this unfolds as an epic battle between dirty cops and a drug dealing biker gang set in a corruption-riddled 21st century America. This is a fresh take on a universal story of love, betrayal and revenge.
Wide Release Director(s): Bryan Woods, Scott Beck
For years, the Covington forest has been shrouded in mystery, with a dark past as a final destination for troubled youths. Undeterred by the news of a classmate who recently took his life in those woods, five teens journey into the forest for an evening of flashlight games and ghost stories. But their plans go awry when the friends awaken a demonic presence, an unseen evil that will seize upon their deepest fears—a ...


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The truth behind that 'quality of life' ranking of global cities
- Opinion
- March 7, 2015, 01:01
Vienna has plenty to recommend it. At the start of the last century – as Gustav Klimt, Sigmund Freud and Egon Schiele prowled the coffee shops – it st(...)
1916 Rising an event of world importance, conference told
- Heritage
- January 22, 2015, 16:32
The Easter Rising was a "world historical event"and not just an Irish affair, a conference has been told. Prof Luke Gibbons of NUI Maynooth said the p(...)
Therapy unlocked: a guide to finding the right therapist for you
- Health & Family
- January 10, 2015, 06:00
When you have reached that difficult moment of emotional crisis where you've decided to reach out to a psychology professional, you will probably l(...)
Interview: Smythson's Rory O'Hanlon, classic by design
- Fashion
- November 29, 2014, 08:00
Smythson, a very British brand whose famous past fans include Katharine Hepburn, Sigmund Freud and Hardy Amies, has an Irish design director with s(...)
Send in the Clown: Red Bastard mania to hit Galway
- Stage
- October 10, 2014, 00:00
Who is Red Bastard? That's simple: he's a whore and a fascist. What does he do? He does something very interesting every 10 seconds. How does he do(...)
Brought to Book: Rebecca Reid on incest, American noir and writing under the duvet
- Books
- May 26, 2014, 01:00
Rebecca Reid is the author of Thickets Wood (published on May 1st by Liberties Press), a psychological thriller, the sequel to her self-published e(...)
Sean Moncrieff: 'You were a waster if you didn't aspire to present the Late Late'
- People
- April 14, 2014
Sean Moncrieff is punctual and thin – very thin. He has the same sandwich for lunch every day: chicken and coleslaw. He seems a bit wary that t(...)
1913: The Year Before the Storm, Florian Illies
- Books
- July 20, 2013, 00:00
It was the year before the Great War, so named because it was vast in its upheaval; it marked the death of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and redrew the (...)
And they all lived happily ever after, except for the witch
- Culture
- May 30, 2013, 01:00
What do the following couples have in common: The troubled young bartender from Leeds who shares a dingy flat and a dreadful history with her junk foo(...)
Animals make the right connections in care settings
- Health
- May 14, 2013, 01:00
Willow the cocker spaniel scrambles on to the lap of an elderly woman, and nestles in for a cuddle, her silky paws resting gently on the woman'(...)


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The Changing Face of eLearning in a Multi-Device World
- March 31, 2015
As the concepts of eLearning and mLearning converge and create every day learning built to support today's modern learners, how might our design decisions change? Do the elements and principles of design for conventional eLearning prevail? Does the powerful trend of mobile first design win the day? How can you make great decisions that will ensure your course content has a long life, degrades gracefully on a multitude of screens and looks great no matter which way those pesky learners turn those screens?
Join Dr. Allen Partridge, Artist, Designer, Developer and Adobe eLearning Evangelist for this journey into the unknown and barely understood world of design for multimedia eLearning in the multi-device world. You'll learn practical tips for designing and developing great course content that stands the test of time, and the tide of ever-evolving display sizes and orientations using Adobe Captivate 8.
Getting Started with Adobe Connect - Online Training Webinar Series
- March 31, 2015 - April 03, 2015
- Tuesday, March 31,2015
- Wednesday, April 01,2015
- Thursday, April 02,2015
- Friday, April 03,2015
Get the most from your experience with Adobe Connect by attending this series of live training sessions. These sessions are meant to build on each other and we strongly suggest that you take them in order as the concepts build on each other throughout the series; 1 Getting Started Mondays 2 Beyond the Basics Tuesdays 3 15 Tips and Tricks Wednesdays 4 Event Module Made Easy Thursdays 5 Reporting and Analytics Fridays
You will receive step-by-step instructions on setting up and using your trial or new account. All sessions start at 10am PT/1pm ET.
Adobe Connect Webinar Series
- April 01, 2015 - May 12, 2015
- Wednesday, April 01,2015
- Thursday, April 02,2015
- Thursday, May 07,2015
- Tuesday, May 12,2015
Join leading industry experts as they discuss real-world e-learning issues, strategies, and best practices. Understand what the future holds and learn how to improve your development practices and training content to meet those challenges.
Horses for courses! Switch to mobile learning and stay ahead
- April 02, 2015
In today's device-rich world, it's absolutely essential to make your eLearning courses available, on all the devices, irrespective of their varying screen sizes, in the best possible manner. With so many variables, the question is, how many versions of your eLearning courses do you need? We say just one!
Join Dr. Pooja Jaisingh, Sr. Adobe eLearning Evangelist, to learn how to author just once to create responsive eLearning projects that deliver the most appropriate learner experience irrespective of the device its consumed on. She will also show you how to use the native capabilities of mobile devices and share some best practices for creating mobile learning courses with Adobe. Captivate 8.
Virtual Tours of Adobe® Connect™
- April 07, 2015 - May 19, 2015
- Tuesday, April 07,2015
- Tuesday, April 07,2015
- Tuesday, May 19,2015
- Tuesday, May 19,2015
Join us for an exciting and informative webinar introducing the newest version of Adobe's web conferencing and communication tool, Adobe Connect.
What's your choice? 4 Ways to Create Mobile Learning
- April 09, 2015
Interested in creating mobile learning content, but not sure of the options available? Join Dr. Pooja Jaisingh as she shows you four different ways for creating and accessing mobile learning. She will help you take the right decision based on your training requirements and resources available and talk about the pros and cons of each option. You will also learn about the best practices and get all your mLearning-related questions answered.
Register now to get started with mLearning!