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You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
37 year old man | Rockland, MA, USA | Seeking women 26-32 within 15 miles
I just moved back from LA after 3 years out...
I just moved back from LA after 3 years out there. Absolutely loved my time there, and started to miss it almost immediately, and hope to go back someday, but family is stronger than anything. So I'm back with a new member of the fam; my dog Marvin aka: El Guapo, and luckily I had a finish carpenter's job to come back to, so I slid right back to work which was nice after stressing a little about that while I was planning my move home. Family is very important to me. We lost our dad to cancer in '04, so as my mom gets older I wanted to be closer so I could fix stuff for her and shovel snow and stuff. I'm the youngest of 4 and the only boy, so it's important to me to be closer now. I still have some settling in to do, but find it difficult meeting anyone since most of my friends are married and I work with guys. The bars just aren't for me anymore; at least as far as trying to meet someone anyway. So hesitantly, but with hope, here I am. I'm big on staying in shape but not necessarily eating like I am. I'm sarcastic, direct, honest, hopefully funny, definitely goofy, but also motivated, educated, and an old fashioned romantic with a big heart. But I'm fun too ;) Don't threaten me with a good time. I'm extremely active, I love golfing, skiing, snowmobiling, kayaking, fishing, playing baseball, football, doing almost anything fast, and most of all hockey. My dad had me on skates since the day I could stand up, and I'll play until the day I can't stand on my own anymore. I'm a big movie fan and some tv shows like The Walking Dead, The Bridge, Archer, and it sucks that Boardwalk Empire is over! I love to travel. Maybe more than anything else. I've been to as many places as I could get to so far. Some of my favorites were Colorado, California, Mexico, and Vegas. I wish life was twice as long so I could live in more places. Visiting places is great, but living somewhere new for a few years is a whole other experience. Getting to know that place as it becomes home, new and different culture, attitudes, people, work ethics, societal views. It's so different and so similar at the same time. Foreign and familiar. Preconceptions get shattered and you love things that you once may have cringed thinking about. That said, it's good to be home too. We really do take good pizza and real Italian food for granted here. In fact, outside of Boston, Chicago, and New York, there isn't a single decent slice of pizza in this entire country. But we have no good Mexican food either so there ya go. I'm rambling now I guess so I'll wrap it up, but the best is yet to come as the Chairman said.
Camping , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Basketball, Football, Golf, Hockey, Skiing, Swimming
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Dogs
By chance I looked under my truck in my driveway in LA and find this little guy starving to death, hiding. I scoop him up, feed him and canvas the neighborhood, but the 4 people I asked didn't recognize him, so I called off the search. I was hooked.
Some other viewpoint
I love going to my family's vacation home in Maine especially in the winter, traveling is my favorite though. Mexico, Colorado, Vegas. I'll go anywhere!
Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, North Adams, MA
My dog Marvin, fried food, skiing, snow mobiles, a visible female hip bone, golf, a day on a boat, hockey, laughing til I cry, adrenaline, passion
hockey, golf, shooting hoops, road trips, skiing, concerts, dinner and a movie, a night out, a night in, cozy dive bars, batting cages, bike rides, sunset cocktails at a beach bar, BBQ's with lawn games, and going to the dog park with Marvin.
Cross, Ben Franklin's Autobiography (awesome)
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What he is looking for
|6'1" (185cms)
|4'11" (149cms) to 5'11" (180cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|Slender, Athletic and toned
|Blue, Brown, Grey, Green, Hazel
|Dark brown
|Auburn / Red, Black, Light brown, Dark brown, Blonde, Dark blonde
|No Way
|No Way, Yes, but trying to quit
|Social Drinker
|Never, Social Drinker, Moderately
|Other profession
|No preference
|I'll tell you later
|Less Than $25,000, $25,001 to $35,000, $35,001 to $50,000, $50,001 to $75,000, $75,001 to $100,000, $100,001 to $150,000, $150,001+
|Never Married
|Never Married, Widow / Widower, Currently Separated, Divorced
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|Definitely, Someday
|White / Caucasian
|Asian, Latino / Hispanic, Native American, Pacific Islander, White / Caucasian, Other
100% Irish
|Christian / Catholic
|Agnostic, Buddhist / Taoist, Christian / Catholic, Jewish, Spiritual but not religious, Christian / Other
Confirmed Catholic and godfather to 3 awesome kids, but not really a practicing church goer. I prefer my own unclouded view. There's a god....Thanks for the Big Bang. Be good to each other. That's about it.
|Bachelors degree
|Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree


text:
Please see the "artie'' version which shows the amazing possibilities of the camera and the workflow during grading.
Director Ben Elia
Cinematographer: Philippe Ros AFC
Camera operator: François Paturel
First AC / D.I.T.: Mathieu Lamand
Second AC: Franck Noell
Editor: Claire Balbusquier
Original music: Christian Fabre dit Garrus
Sound design: Marcel Rouste
Philippe Ros, cinematigrapher, A.F.C., explored the 4K potential with Olivier Garcia, engineer, Laurent Desbrueres, senior colourist and François Dupuy, technical manager at Digimage Cinema post house. Together they redesigned the whole Sony F65 digital workflow. After this evolutionary research, Philippe called his first choice director and script writer, Ben Elia, and after briefing him, asked him to transform a simple beta test into a cinematic reality…
Ben popped an idea: « what if we hid a robot in the shots? ». A crew of five people started filming in a deep forest, under bad weather conditions... with a toy. The intention of using this little robot helped us to focus the attention of the audience to what we wanted them to see or not to see, on a wide 4K image. This allowed us to play with the bokeh, the aesthetic quality of the blur. While the robot played its own music...
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
A new book club focusing on the many facets of a local food system is starting at the Coeur d'Alene Public Library in partnership with the Inland Northwest Food Network.
The Food for Thought Book Club will start with a discussion of Michael Pollan's "The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals" on Wednesday, Sept. 3, 6-7:30 p.m. in the Community Room at the library, 702 E. Front Ave.
The book club is free and open to anyone interested in what they eat. Discussions of a different book will continue at the library the first Wednesday of each month.
Currently there are about 10 copies of "The Omnivore's Dilemma" in the Cooperative Information Network catalog. Participants should contact their local library to obtain a copy.
Patrons who need accommodation to participate in library programs or services are asked to contact the staff prior to the activity by calling 208-769-2315.
Summer Reading for teens at the Coeur d'Alene Public Library continues through August and will include a special day for Doctor Who fans.
The Teen Summer Reading Program is in full swing. Teens ages 13 to 18 can pick up a reading log from any desk in the library, or can fill out a log online at http://bit.ly/SRPlogs. Teens earn one raffle ticket for every hour of reading they complete and submit. There are weekly prize drawings, as well as a grand prize drawing of a Kindle Fire HDX for all teens that complete 25 or more hours of reading during the summer. The deadline to turn in reading time is Aug. 31. Full rules for participation can be found at http://bit.ly/SRPinfo.
And remember all children and teens who participate in Summer Reading at the Coeur d'Alene library can have their overdue fines forgiven.
"Doctor Who" returns to BBC America with Series 8 on Aug. 23, and the library is gearing up for it with a special dalek-stravaganza of wibbly-wobbly, timey-wimey activities. Join us for games, crafts, trivia, and prizes galore in the Community Room on Aug. 16, 1-4 p.m., for a day of Whovian family fun.
Make your own sonic screwdriver, snack on some fish fingers and custard, take your picture with Cassandra or inside our nearly life-size TARDIS, and make sure you bring a banana. Because, as the Doctor says, "You should always bring a banana to a party - bananas are good." This is an event for all ages, with something to do for every member of the family. There will be a costume contest for all ages, with prizes going to the winners, so dressing up is encouraged.
Other August programs include:
► Tuesday, Aug. 5, 4 p.m.: Physics Olympics: Egg Drop, Gozzer Room.
► Thursday, Aug. 7, 4 p.m.: Teens Craft: Mix CDs with Freegal, Gozzer Room. Freegal is the library's resource for free downloadable music. Cardholders can download up to five songs a week.
► Friday, Aug. 8, 5:30 p.m.: Free Teen Movie, "Divergent" Shirley Parker Storyroom This is an after-hours activity so participants need to be in the library before it closes at 6. Snacks included.
► Monday, Aug. 11, 4 p.m.: Teen Book Club: Godless, by Pete Hautman, Gozzer Room.
► Thursday, Aug. 14, 4 p.m.: Teens Craft: Tin Punch Lanterns, Gozzer Room.
► Monday, Aug. 25, 4 p.m.: Teen Book Club: Reader's Choice, Gozzer Room.
Patrons who need accommodation to participate in library programs or services are asked to contact the staff prior to the activity by calling 208-769-2315.
The Science Fair on July 30 doesn't mark the end of Summer Reading at the Coeur d'Alene Public Library.
Families can continue to track children's reading time with a Reading Log, available in the Seagraves Children's Library, and collect prizes for each three hours. Reading time can be turned in through Aug. 31.
Children visiting the library through August are also encouraged to vote for their school to determine which school library will earn the right to display the annual Summer Reading Traveling Trophy.
Free family movies will be screen in the Shirley Parker Storyroom each Monday at 1 p.m. Snacks are included.
Each Friday, 1-3 p.m. the children's library will host the Game Café for some non-electronic fun.
Patrons who need accommodation to participate in library programs or services are asked to contact the staff prior to the activity by calling 208-769-2315.


text:
Looking for a good this zones publication?
I am looking for a magazine that would focus on plants, etc. for this zone.
Also I am looking for an extension publication or web emailing site that would perhaps provide monthly gardening info for growing in and near Raleigh??
Is there a book that would focus on Raleigh area perennial, tres, vegetables, annuals, shrubs, etc..
Thanks so much!
Time to put your search engine to work. Answers are right at your finger tips...
1. Search for the magazine CAROLINA GARDENING. Worth the subscription price. Order it today.
2. Search for...gardening blogs north carolina. Some good ones available. Read them daily.
3. Search for...gardening books north carolina. This will lead you to the best and most informative.
When I lived in Minnesota the University of Minnesota had alot of information available to us gardeners..
Such as the monthly Yard and Garden postings on line..
The !immesota Horticulture Society published a magazine called the Northern Garener, it's articles are all written by local garden experts.
I am hoping to find similar "publications" for North Carolina...
However these suggestions Are helpful..
Extension in NC is very active. I put the generic website below, but our county has its own FB page and lots of local activities. I am sure Wake does, too. (Raleigh)
Also, there are publications galore. Most are on line now, but you can still find some in print. The Master Gardener program has many items on line, too. You can get Successfulgardener.org and put in Piedmont for Raleigh.
Tons of things for you on the internet. Don't know how many items are mailed anymore, due to cost factors.
Hope this helps!
Here is a link that might be useful: NC Extension
Thanks ncrescue
Very helpful..
I am specifically looking for a good basics gardening book to give to a friend who is just starting to garden in the Raleig area.
At this point I'm not sure how in depth of a book I want for her..
It would also need to have nice photos for plant identification (and to generate enthusiasm ) of course..
Any thought out there?.


text:
We're sorry, we need more information to run your search. Please enter a last name (adding more details will improve your results).
Get the latest details on Vicente Santos by searching PeopleFinders.com. We provide an assortment of ways to track down people within our comprehensive database of public records, which includes their age, year of birth, prior addresses, aliases, and more. 72-year-old Vicente Santos was born 1942.
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Simply type your information into the search bar above to locate Vicente Santos. To get more relevant results and to locate the person quickly, key in details you know like Vicente's middle name or age to the fields. PeopleFinders.com's exclusive DataTsunami™ logic makes sure that the public records data we provide is trustworthy. Locate who you're looking for without delay. Start searching for Vicente Santos straightaway away!


text:
New data from the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank show a worrying increase in inflation along with a growing economic slowdown. The downbeat Beige Book summary of regional economic conditions said manufacturers planned to raise selling prices to recover increases in their raw material costs. Analysts viewed the report as supporting another Fed interest rate cut on April 30.
View Full Article in:ClipSyndicate · Reuters · Financial Times (free content) · Wall Street Journal (tiered subscription model), The
Published in Brief:


text:
Family dramedy at sitcom speed
Larry Steckling 6 p.m., March 31
Jerry Goldstein instructs participants in Internet basics such as how to use a mouse, how to search the Internet, preview and print web pages, and how to get and use e-mail. 858-538-8163.
17110 Bernardo Center Drive, San Diego, 92128
Get directions
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text:
In This Section
Journal Forum
Reflecting on Reflections - June 2014
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Audibility of a CD-Standard A/DA/A Loop Inserted into High-Resolution Audio Playback - September 2007
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Quiet Thoughts on a Deafening Problem - May 2014
1 comment
AES Conference Papers Forum
Practical Considerations in the Design of Music Systems Using VLSI
Inexpensive electronic keyboard instruments have been made possible by the use of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI). A typical system uses a fully custom VLSI -sound chip- which is under the control of a general-purpose microprocessor. This paper examines the tradeoffs involved in the design of a digital sound chip used in a commercial system. Two approaches to digital oscillator architecture are evaluated in light of the special limitations of LSI.
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text:
Page 1
Impact of the experimental removal of
lizards on Lyme disease risk
Andrea Swei1,*, Richard S. Ostfeld2, Robert S. Lane3
and Cheryl J. Briggs4
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley,
2Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545-0129, USA
3Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California,
Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
4Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara,
The distribution of vector meals in the host community is an important element of understanding and
predicting vector-borne disease risk. Lizards (such as the western fence lizard; Sceloporus occidentalis)
play a unique role in Lyme disease ecology in the far-western United States. Lizards rather than mammals
serve as the blood meal hosts for a large fraction of larval and nymphal western black-legged ticks (Ixodes
pacificus—the vector for Lyme disease in that region) but are not competent reservoirs for the pathogen,
Borrelia burgdorferi. Prior studies have suggested that the net effect of lizards is to reduce risk of human
exposure to Lyme disease, a hypothesis that we tested experimentally. Following experimental removal
of lizards, we documented incomplete host switching by larval ticks (5.19%) from lizards to other
hosts. Larval tick burdens increased on woodrats, a competent reservoir, but not on deer mice, a less
competent pathogen reservoir. However, most larvae failed to find an alternate host. This resulted in
significantly lower densities of nymphal ticks the following year. Unexpectedly, the removal of reser-
voir-incompetent lizards did not cause an increase in nymphal tick infection prevalence. The net result
of lizard removal was a decrease in the density of infected nymphal ticks, and therefore a decreased
risk to humans of Lyme disease. Our results indicate that an incompetent reservoir for a pathogen
may, in fact, increase disease risk through the maintenance of higher vector density and therefore,
higher density of infected vectors.
Keywords: disease ecology; host composition; Borrelia burgdorferi; tick burden; host preference
The emergence of human diseases caused by zoonotic
pathogens transmitted by arthropod vectors presents
one of the biggest threats to public health [1]. Human
risk of exposure to such diseases generally increases with
increasing population density of vectors infected with
the zoonotic pathogen [2] and is the product of vector
density and vector infection prevalence. Because different
vertebrate hosts for the vector vary in their ability to sup-
port vector survival (host competence) and to infect the
vector (reservoir competence) [3], the density of infected
vectors often depends on the suite of host species available
for blood meals. Consequently, the species composition
and relative abundance of the host community are crucial
in determining risk of exposure to vector-borne zoonotic
pathogens [3,4].
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne dis-
ease in the United States [5] and one of the most
well-studied examples of how host assemblage affects dis-
ease risk [4,6,7]. Ixodes ticks, the genus of ixodid ticks
responsible for transmitting the Lyme disease pathogen
(Borrelia burgdorferi) worldwide, have three post-egg life
stages: larva, nymph and adult, that each take one blood
meal from a vertebrate host. Larvae and nymphal ticks
are both active in the spring and early summer, with
larval densities peaking slightly earlier in the season than
nymphs [8]. Adult I. pacificus ticks are active in the
winter months. Nymphal ticks are primarily responsible
for transmitting B. burgdorferi infections to people [9].
Because B. burgdorferi is not vertically transmitted [10,11],
the tick vector must acquire the pathogen from one of its
three blood meals. Consequently, the distribution of larval
blood meals determines the prevalence of infection in
nymphs and therefore disease risk to humans.
In the far-western United States, Lyme disease is vec-
tored by the western black-legged tick, I. pacificus [12].
Mammals such as the dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma
fuscipes), western grey squirrel (Sciurus griseus), California
kangaroo rat (Dipodomys californicus), and deer mouse
(Peromyscus maniculatus) maintain B. burgdorferi as reser-
voir hosts [13–15]. However, not all species are equal
in their reservoir competency. Neotoma fuscipes and
S. griseus are the most competent reservoirs whereas
P . maniculatus has generally low competence and contrib-
utes little to the total risk of Lyme disease [13–16]. By
contrast, lizards, rather than mammals, host the largest
proportion, up to 90 per cent, of the juvenile (larval
*Author for correspondence (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Electronic supplementary material is available at http://dx.doi.org/
10.1098/rspb.2010.2402 or via http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org.
Proc. R. Soc. B (2011) 278, 2970–2978
Published online 16 February 2011
Received 3 November 2010
Accepted 27 January 2011
This journal is q 2011 The Royal Society
Page 2
and nymphal) I. pacificus population [17]. In addition to
providing a large majority of larval blood meals, the
immune system of lizards such as the western fence
lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) and the southern alligator
lizard (Elgaria multicarinata) actively kills the Lyme
disease bacterium during tick feeding [18,19]. As ticks
imbibe host blood, the lizards' alternative complement
system kills the spirochete in the midgut diverticula of
infected I. pacificus ticks [20]. The presence of lizards
may be partly responsible for the significantly lower rates
of infection found in nymphal I. pacificus in California
compared with the highly endemic region of Lyme disease
in the northeastern United States [4,15,21].
Although the impact these lizards have on B. burgdor-
feri in ticks has been described [19,20], the ecological
role of lizards in Lyme disease ecology has not been
examined experimentally. Lizard abundance can vary dra-
matically as can both vertebrate tick burdens and
infection prevalence in the far-western United States
[22,23], but the effect of this variation on the abundance
of infected ticks is unknown. If ticks switch to other hosts
when lizards are scarce, and feed with equal success, then
tick abundance might not decline and infection preva-
lence would increase (table 1). Alternatively, reduced
lizard abundance might lower tick abundance if ticks gen-
erally fail to find alternative, high-quality hosts (table 1).
Some recent studies suggest that questing I. pacificus
larvae may be able to identify lizards as preferred hosts
for blood meals and that natural distributions of larvae
are non-random [24]. If a strong preference for lizards
as hosts does exist, then ticks may not choose to switch
to an alternate host in the absence of S. occidentalis.
The degree to which pathogen vectors redistribute their
blood meals in the absence of a particular host species can
direct way to assess the impact of particular host species on
and consequent disease risk is through direct experimental
manipulation of host species abundance.
We assessed the impacts of experimentally reduced
lizard density on abundance and infection prevalence of
I. pacificus and on tick distributions on the remaining
hosts, which were not manipulated. This study focused
on the removal of S. occidentalis because this species is
abundant on our study plots, diurnal, easy to capture
and feeds a high proportion of juvenile ticks in oak wood-
land sites (figure 1). We chose not to manipulate another
local lizard host, E. multicarinata, because it is highly
cryptic and difficult to capture, though its abundance is
unclear owing to the aforementioned points. Understand-
ing the redistribution of larval I. pacificus following lizard
removal would contribute significantly to understanding
the maintenance of Lyme disease in California and help
guide predictions on the relationship between host species
assemblage and vector-borne diseases in general.
Fieldworkfor thisstudytookplaceinMarinCounty,CA,north
of San Francisco. Plots were established in two sites, China
Camp State Park (CCSP) (388009.5000N, 12282802.5300W) in
San Rafael, CA, and Marin Municipal Water District Sky
Oaks headquarters (3785805.3900N, 122836015.2000W). All
plots were established in mixed evergreen forests composed
black oak (Quercus kellogii), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii),
and occasionally coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens).
There is a high degree of spatial and temporal variability in
both vertebrate tick burdens and infection prevalence in the far-
western United States [22,23]. To help overcome these
inherent challenges, this study used plots that had been studied
extensively for 2 years, leading up to our manipulation with
detailed baseline data on vertebrate population density, tick
burdens, vertebrate infection prevalence, and tick density
and infection prevalence [8,25]. This study incorporated tem-
poral and spatial variability in replicate experimental plots,
invokinga replicatedbefore-after-control-impact
design [26–28].
Of 14 long-term 1 ha plots, six were selected as exper-
imental removal plots and eight as control plots. These
experimental plots were evenly distributed at our two sites.
Western fence lizard populations were estimated using
mark–recapture techniques at all plots prior to removal in
Table 1. Table of predicted responses of I. pacificus to lizard removal given scenarios of complete host switching and no host
switching. (Summary of the observed results from this study are shown in the last column.)
with host switching
by ticks
without host switching by
observed results
questing larval ticks
(year t)
larval burdens on
other hosts (year t)
no effectincreaseincrease
increase no effectincreased on female N. fuscipes, no
effects on male N. fuscipes, no effect
on P . maniculatus
decreaseddensity of nymphs
(year t þ 1)
nymphal infection
(year t þ 1)
density of infected
nymphs (year t þ 1)
no effectdecrease
increaseincrease no detectable effect
increase decrease if above change in
DIN . change in NIP,
otherwise increase
Lizard removal impacts on Lyme disease
A. Swei et al.
Proc. R. Soc. B (2011)
Page 3
early spring, before the peak season of juvenile tick questing
[29]. For each plot, visual surveys of lizards took place along
five evenly spaced transect lines, 22 m apart. Sighted lizards
were sprayed on their dorsum with a diluted latex paint mix-
ture using an Idico hand tree-marking gun (Idico Products
Co., Miami, FL, USA; [22]). Use of the spray gun permitted
the marking of lizards from 5 to 10 m away, and the marking
is temporary, lasting only until the lizard's next moult [22].
Lizard surveys took place over three consecutive days with
a different paint colour used each day to determine a lizard's
encounter history. Each plot was surveyed once for three
consecutive days in February 2008 prior to lizard removals.
Population abundance was estimated using the Huggins
closed-capture model in program MARK [30].
Lizard removals took place between 13 March and 10 April
2008. Lizardswere captured using slip nooses. Lizardremovals
were conducted at each site until search time for a single lizard
exceeded 30 min. Removal effort therefore varied depending
on the size of the local lizard population. Captured lizards
were sexed, measured and batch marked with liquid paper to
identify them as a removed individual. The parietal eye was
also painted over to minimize homing behaviour [31–33].
Lizards were temporarily placed in a cloth bag and then trans-
ported and released into a suitable habitat 1–3 km from the
original point of capture.
Baseline data on vertebrate tick burdens were collected in
2006 and 2007 [8]. Tick burden data on small mammals fol-
lowing lizard removal were collected from 22 April to 8 May
2008. Small mammals were trapped using extra-large Sher-
man live traps (7.62 ? 9.53 ? 30.48 cm; H.B. Sherman
Traps, Tallahassee, FL, USA) for three consecutive nights.
Each plot was arrayed with 10 rows of 10 trapping stations.
Each row was 11 m apart and each trapping station had
two traps for a total of 200 traps per plot per night. Following
lizard removal, there was a total of 8400 trap nights in this
study. All captured animals were given an individually num-
bered fingerling eartag (National Band and Tag Co.,
Newport, KY, USA), identified by species and sex and
weighed. All ticks were removed from the ears and head of
each animal before being released at the point of capture.
The effect of lizard removals on the density and infection
prevalence of questing ticks was evaluated by sampling larval
ticks in the year of removals (time t) and nymphal ticks the
year after the experimental manipulation to follow the larval
cohort from time t to time t þ 1. Each plot was sampled for
ticks by dragging a 1 m2white flannel cloth through the
forest understorey. At each plot, 500 m2was sampled twice
during the peak nymphal questing period from 22 April to 8
May in 2008 and from 18 March to 19 April in 2009. All col-
lected ticks were stored in 70 per cent EtOH for laboratory
identification of species and molecular testing of infection
with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. All ticks were extracted
using a DNeasy tissue extraction kit (QIAGEN, Valencia,
CA, USA), and tested for infection by real-time PCR [8].
All positively screened ticks were then tested by nested PCR
[14] and sequenced to positively identify the infection strain.
(a) Statistical analysis
We performed two main analyses in our study. First, we
examined the impact of lizard removal on larval tick burdens
on other tick hosts and second, we looked at the impact on
questing larval and nymphal ticks. The impact of lizard
removals on small mammal tick burdens was evaluated
using generalized linear mixed-effect models (GLMMs)
[34] with Poisson errors for count data [35]. GLMMs can
incorporate repeated measures on plots and account for tem-
poral or spatial trends. The impact of lizard removal was
assessed on the population density of host-seeking ('quest-
ing') larval ticks (density of larvae (DOL)), nymphal
ticks (density of nymphs (DON)), nymphal infection pre-
valence (NIP) and density of infected nymphs (DIN).
Because of the inherent variability in tick density and
infection data, a GLMM analysis granted us greater power
of detection especially given the availability of baseline
data on our plots and the replication of our large-scale
experiment. For both types of analyses, independent class
variables were defined as follows: (i) year, allowed for the
structure of 2 years of 'before' data and 1 year of 'after'
data; (ii) plot, corresponds to the long-term monitoring
plots where the experiment was carried out; (iii) site was
included to allow for generality of the results across two
study sites; (iv) period, indicated before versus after the
experimental manipulation and corresponds to a temporal
control and includes both control and manipulated plots; and
(v) experiment, plots were designated as 'removal' or 'control'
in the period before and after the removals. The fixed factors
tested in the GLMM models included period, experiment,
period ? experiment and site. With the exception of period ?
experiment, the other fixed effects tested in the model were
additive. The factor of interest in all GLMM analyses is the
period ? experiment interaction (i.e. the impact of the
removals on plots in period: after and experiment: removal).
Plot was included as a random factor to account for repeated
measures among years. Year was used as the unit of temporal
variation within the random-effects portion of the model.
Maximum likelihood was used to fit the model and the
best model was determined using the Akaike information cri-
terion [34,35]. The model for tick density (Yi¼ DOLi,
DONior DINi) is Yi? Poisson(mi) for i ¼ 1,... , n, where
n ¼ (number of plots)?(number of years) ¼ 56; E(Yi) ¼
var(Yi) ¼ mi; log(mi) ¼ a þ b1? experiment þ b2? period þ
Figure 1. Western fence lizard (S. occidentalis) adult male
with engorged and feeding I. pacificus ticks. Larvae and
nymphs are shown here attached to the ear (posterior) and
nuchal pocket (anterior) at various stages of engorgement.
Photo by Anand Varma.
2972A. Swei et al. Lizard removal impacts on Lyme disease
Proc. R. Soc. B (2011)
Page 4
b3? site þ b4? experiment ? period þ gj[i] þ ck[i].
random effect of plot is gj[i] ? N(0,splot) for j ¼ 1,... , J,
where J ¼ number of plots ¼ 14. The random effect of year
is ck[i] ? N(0,syear) for k ¼ 1, ... , K, where K ¼ number
of years ¼ 4. The model for DIN had a random effect struc-
ture with an intercept and a slope term for the random effect
of year (ck): log(mi) ¼ aþ b1? experiment þ b2? period þ
b3? site þ b4? experiment ? period þ gj[i] þ bk1þ ck[i]. The
modelfor NIPis:
Yi¼ NIPi? binomial(nymphsi,
for i ¼ 1, ... , n, where n ¼ (number of plots)*(number
of years) ¼ 56, nymphsi is the number of nymphal ticks
screened for B. burgdorferi on survey i and piis the pro-
bability of infection with B. burgdorferi. E(Yi) ¼ pi?
nymphsi, var(Yi) ¼ nymphsi? pi? (1 2 pi); logit(pi) ¼ aþ
b1? experiment þ b2? period þ b3? experiment ? period þ
gj[i] þ ck[i], wherethe random effects areas described above.
Burden data were analysed for each species (N. fuscipes and
P . maniculatus). For N. fuscipes, males and females were
evaluated separately.
Tick density data and infection prevalence data were also
analysed using the same BACI design described for tick
burden data with Poisson errors for the density of ticks and
density of infected ticks (count data) and a binomial error
distribution for NIP models (presence/absence data). All
GLMM models were fit using the lmer routine in the lme4
package in R [36].
In 2008, a total of 447 S. occidentalis were captured and
relocated from six, 1 ha plots (electronic supplementary
material, table S1). Estimates of lizard populations prior
to removal were conducted early in the season for lizards,
which explains why more lizards were removed from
each experimental plot than was estimated to be present
(electronic supplementary material, table S1). Because
S. occidentalis is highly territorial and unlikely to expand
its home range during the breeding season [37], influx
of lizards onto removal plots was minimal in our sub-
sequent visits to the plots, but no formal counts were
conducted. No relocated lizards were found on any of
the plots after removal.
Lizard removals had an immediate effect on the local
pool of questing larval ticks. We found a significant increase
in questing larval I. pacificus density on experimental
removal plots (table 2 and electronic supplementary
material, table S2). These additional I. pacificus larvae on
removal plots probably reflected the portion of the larval
were not able to immediately find an alternate blood meal
host following lizard removal.
From 2006 to 2008, we found only two mammal
species that consistently maintained substantial tick bur-
dens, N. fuscipes (n ¼ 544) and P . maniculatus (n ¼ 995).
We encountered other species as well (e.g. California
vole (Microtus californicus), western harvest mouse (Rei-
throdontomys megalotis) and Sorex spp. shrews), but in
such low numbers and tick burdens [25] that they were
not included in our analyses of tick burden. The western
grey squirrel (S. griseus) is a potentially important reser-
voir but was not encountered in our study and has been
difficult to trap by others on our sites [16]. Therefore,
the remainder of this study focuses on N. fuscipes and
P . maniculatus as unmanipulated tick hosts.
The impact of lizard removal on I. pacificus larval bur-
dens on small mammals was species-specific, and in the
case of woodrats, gender-specific. Neotoma fuscipes had
significantly higher burdens post-removal (period ?
experiment) than before (table 3 and figure 2), whereas
no difference in tick burden was found for P . maniculatus
(table 3 and figures 2 and 3). Gender of N. fuscipes was
an important factor in larval burden response. Female
N. fuscipes had higher larval burdens on lizard-removal
plots but male N. fuscipes had lower larval burdens follow-
ing lizard removal (table 3). Thus, the experimental
effects on female N. fuscipes dominate the full model
Table 2. Results of the impact of lizard removals on I. pacificus ticks. (Data from generalized linear mixed-effect models
(GLMMs) are shown for larval I. pacificus in the year of removals (t) and nymphal density, density of infected nymphs and
nymphal infection prevalence results are displayed for the year following removals (t þ 1). The baseline treatments are
experiment: control, period: before, site: CCSP. The experiment ? period interaction is the test of the experimental effect of
lizard removal (experiment: removal ? period: after) and is indicated in bold. The z-value is the Wald statistic. The GLMM
model-predicted difference in effect size between the removal and control plots is given as delta effect size in the indicated units.)
density of
larvae (DOL)
density of
nymphs (DON)
density of infected
nymphs (DIN)
nymphal infection
prevalence (NIP)
random effect variance and standard deviation
fixed effects estimates (z-values), standard deviation and significance level
20.28 (21.73)
20.51 (24.37)***
experiment 3
predicted delta effect size (removal plots2control plots)
no. per plot
d effect size
0.09 (0.30)
0.01 (0.12)
0.091 (0.31)
0.023 (0.15)
2.09e6 (1.5e2)
0.52 (0.72)
0.11 (0.33)
0.10 (0.31)
6.36 (40.52)***4.63 (27.99)***
0.06 (0.36)
0.31 (1.76)
20.02 (0.17)
20.33 (5.77)***
0.53 (0.04)*
0.45 (0.16)
0.30 (0.23)
22.73 (211.71)***
0.37 (1.72)
20.87 (22.08)*
0.11 (0.38)
0.02 (0.16)
0.45 (17.83)***
no. per plot
no. per plot
per cent infection
*p , 0.05.
**p , 0.01.
***p , 0.001.
Lizard removal impacts on Lyme disease
A. Swei et al.
Proc. R. Soc. B (2011)
Page 5
results (table 3). On control plots, we observed that larval
burdens were higher on male compared with female
N. fuscipes (male: 7.74+1.08 (mean+s.e.); female:
4.05+0.58 (mean+s.e.). Therefore, lizard removal
disproportionately elevated larval tick burden on female
woodrats (table 3). Our GLMM model predicted that
female N. fuscipes larval burden was higher on experimen-
tal removal plots by 4.89 larvae per animal (table 3 and
Table 3. Results of larval I. pacificus burdens on mammal species. (GLMM results are shown for dusky-footed woodrat (Neotoma
fuscipes), male woodrats, female woodrats and deer mice (P . maniculatus). Model results are presented or the experimental effect
of lizard removals on tick burdens in the year they were conducted—in 2008 (t). GLMM model estimates represent the slope of
the interaction term representing the main experimental effect, shown in bold. The baseline treatments are experiment: control,
period: before, site: CCSP. The experiment ? period interaction is the test of the experimental effect of lizard removal
(experiment: removal ? period: after) and is indicated in bold. The z-value is the Wald statistic. The GLMM model-predicted
difference in effect size between the removal and control plots is given as delta effect size of larvae burden per animal.)
N. fuscipesN. fuscipes male
N. fuscipes female
P . maniculatus
sample size
n ¼ 544
n ¼ 257
n ¼ 287
n ¼ 995
random effect variance and standard deviation
0.059 (0.24)
0.03 (0.17)
8.88e5 (9.4e2)
0.22 (0.46)
0.05 (0.23)
0.04 (0.19)
4.28e 2 10 (2.07e 2 5)
4.49e 2 8 (2.12e 2 4)
fixed effects estimates (z-values) and significance level
experiment 3 period
1.61 (9.33)***
20.07 (20.43)
0.09 (0.44)
20.36 (0.17)*
0.36 (4.67)***
1.99 (9.28)***
0.46 (1.27)
0.02 (0.17)
0.08 (0.27)
20.54 (22.26)*
1.38 (6.63)***
0.28 (1.22)
20.18 (20.67)
0.81 (6.46)***
0.77 (4.86)***
0.26 (1.09)
20.35 (24.77)***
0.18 (1.92)
predicted delta effect size (removal plots2control plots)
larvae per animal
larvae per animal
larvae per animal
larvae per animal
d effect size
*p , 0.05.
**p , 0.01.
***p , 0.001.
mean larval tick burden
mean larval tick burden
2006 2007
2006 2007
Figure 2. Larval burdens of I. pacificus on small mammals from 2006 to 2008. (a) Neotoma fuscipes burden is shown by
meanburdenson controlandexperimentalplotsby year. (b) Peromyscusmaniculatusburdenisshownby meanburdens oncontrol
and experimental plots by year. Neotoma fuscipes burden is shown for both (c) females and (d) males. Experimental removal plots
lizards took place on experimental plots before the 2008 season and is indicated by the arrows. Error bars indicate 1 s.e.
2974A. Swei et al.Lizard removal impacts on Lyme disease
Proc. R. Soc. B (2011)
Page 6
figure 3). For both sexes combined, the model-predicted
difference in the number of larvae per animal was 1.54
(table 2). Based on mean abundance of N. fuscipes over 3
years (17.11 woodrats.per plot; [8]), this translated to an
additional 26.35 larvae on woodrats per plot over a 3 day
trapping period. Lizard larval burden on the control plot
in 2008 was 14.13+2.10 (mean+s.e.), and with a
mean abundance of lizards of 39.09 per plot over 3 years
[8], this left an average of 507.52 larvae without a host
on each lizard-removal plot. So the increased larval
burden on N. fuscipes was not enough to absorb 94.81
per cent of larvae that would have fed on lizards, at least
on the hosts we monitored. We therefore found incomplete
(5.19%), species and gender-specific host switching of
larval I. pacificus following removal of S. occidentalis.
The year following lizard removal (2009), we examined
the density and infection prevalence of nymphs from the
original larval cohort. We found that lizard removal
differentially affected different metrics of disease risk.
The total abundance of nymphal ticks was significantly
lower on lizard-removal plots with a model-predicted
delta effect size (difference between removal and control
plots) of 214.06 nymphs per plot (table 2 and figure 4).
The GLMM estimates represent the slope of each par-
ameter. The main experimental effect of lizard removal is
in the 'period : after ? experiment:removal' term (b3in
table 2). We found no detectable effect of lizard removal
on NIP in year t þ 1 (table 2). Because lizard removal
reduced total nymph density without changing their infec-
tion prevalence, we found that the DIN was significantly
lower on lizard-removal plots relative to control plots
by 24.3 ticks per plot (table 2 and figure 4).
The important role played by lizards such as S. occidentalis
in the ecology of Lyme disease in the far-western United
States has been described previously [13,19] but the eco-
logical impact of S. occidentalis on the distribution of
larval meals, and therefore disease risk, is not well under-
stood. We found that lizard removal resulted in higher
density of questing larval ticks in the year of removals
I. pacificus larvae (no./animal)
I. pacificus larvae (no./animal)
I. pacificus larvae (no./animal)
Figure 3. Generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMM)
predictions of larval I. pacificus burdens on (a) N. fuscipes
males on control and removal plots, (b) N. fuscipes females
on control and removal plots, and (c) P . maniculatus on con-
trol and removal plots. Error bars indicate 1 s.e.
I. pacificus larvae (no./plot)
I. pacificus nymphs (no./plot)
infected I. pacificus
nymphs (no./plot)
Figure 4. GLMM predictions of (a) I. pacificus larval density
per plot in the year of lizard removals on control and lizard-
removal plots, (b) I. pacificus nymphal density on control and
removal plots the year following lizard removals on control
and lizard-removal plots, and (c) density of infected I. pacifi-
cus nymphs the year following lizard removals on control and
lizard-removal plots. Error bars indicate 1 s.e.
Lizard removal impacts on Lyme disease
A. Swei et al.
Proc. R. Soc. B (2011)
Page 7
and lower DON the following year, indicating that many
questing larvae were unable to find a host after lizards
were removed. Following lizard removal, a small portion
(5.19%) of larval I. pacificus did switch to a competent
reservoir host (N. fuscipes), but this did not result in a
detectible difference in infection prevalence of nymphs
the following year. The total DIN is an important
metric of Lyme disease risk and is the product of the
DON and the NIP. Given the negative impact of lizard
removal on nymph density but not infection prevalence,
our GLMM analysis indicated that lizard removal
resulted in lower DIN. Thus, we show that despite
the cleansing effect of lizards on ticks infected with
B. burgdorferi, the net impact of lizard removals was a
reduction in the DIN and therefore risk of human
exposure to Lyme disease.
These results were unexpected. What is currently
known about the role of S. occidentalis in Lyme disease
suggests that the removal of an antibacterial host in the
community should increase Lyme disease risk [38]. But
this expectation does not take into account the important
impacts lizards have on tick density, which in the absence
of a significant change in tick infection prevalence can
determine overall disease risk. In addition, the expec-
tation that lizard removal would increase Lyme disease
risk assumes that the loss of lizard hosts will cause many
of the larval ticks that would have fed on lizards to
switch to other hosts, which are likely to be more compe-
tent reservoirs for B. burgdorferi. However, although we
detected a small increase in larval burdens on a reser-
voir-competent host, female woodrats, when lizards
were removed, this increase was inadequate to increase
infection prevalence in the subsequent generation of
nymphs. The total number of additional larval blood
meals on lizard-removal plots was 1.54 larvae per woo-
drat, or approximately 26.35 per plot, which was not
enough to significantly affect infection rates in nymphs
the following year, particularly when woodrat infection
prevalence and transmission rates are considered as well
[8]. It is also possible that some of the larvae on lizard-
removal plots that would have fed on S. occidentalis
switchedtoalligator lizards.
reservoir-incompetent host to another would lessen the
potential foranincrease
Unfortunately, we could not assess tick burdens on this
cryptic host.
Apparently, higher larval burden on a reservoir-
competent species does not necessarily translate to
higher nymphal infection. Perhaps transmission is a nega-
tive density-dependent function of tick load, or survival
from the larval to nymphal stage is compromised at
higher burden levels. While it is not entirely clear why
NIP was unaffected by lizard removal, the loss of lizards
from removal plots can, by itself, explain the reduction
in nymph density. Only a huge increase in NIP following
lizard removal could compensate for the reduced tick
density we observed, potentially resulting in a higher
DIN. Our experiment rejected this scenario. However,
as a one-time, pulsed experiment, these results only
apply to a single cohort of ticks in one coastal county in
California. The effect of long-term removal of lizards
would depend on whether I. pacificus is ultimately limited
by hosts for its juvenile stages, hosts for the adult stage or
something else.
in infectionprevalence.
We found that increased larval burdens primarily
affected female N. fuscipes. This was unexpected because
sexual dimorphism in ectoparasite burden usually results
in higher burdens on males [39]. Male-biased parasite
loads probably arise from immunosuppression from elev-
ated androgen levels [40] and larger home-range sizes. In
fact, on control plots, larval burdens were higher on
males. But the effect of lizard removal disproportionately
increased burdens on female woodrats. While surprising,
sampling for larval tick burdens on small mammals took
place during their reproductive season, so females may
have been immunocompromised because they were
pregnant or lactating [41].
Although some larvae found an alternate host on
female N. fuscipes following lizard removals, most were
unable to successfully feed on an alternate host, leading
to an overall reduction in nymph density the following
year. This may be because encounter rates between
larval ticks and non-lizards hosts are low. Alternatively,
it is possible that tick preference for S. occidentalis is suffi-
ciently strong that in the absence of lizards, the majority
of I. pacificus larvae chose to not infest non-lizard hosts
upon encounter. Under laboratory conditions, I. pacificus
will preferentially feed on S. occidentalis when given a
choice between four hosts: S. occidentalis, P . maniculatus,
California kangaroo rat (D. californicus) and California
towhee (Pipilo crissalis) [24]. Together, these results
suggest that I. pacificus may exhibit some degree of host
choice in the field that strongly affects their local density
and infection prevalence. It is also possible that host
grooming behaviour may limit tick burdens above a
maximum threshold on other host species in this system.
Incomplete host switching following lizard removals
cansubstantially impact
relationship between community disassembly and Lyme
disease risk [3,7]. In the northeastern United States,
Keesing et al. [3] found that the removal of eastern grey
squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) could either lower or raise
the DIN depending on the extent of tick redistribution
on the remaining host community. Our study provides
experimental evidence that cautions against the assump-
tion that the absence or removal of a tick host would
result in complete host switching. Factors such as
encounter rate, host preference and aversion to alternate
hosts may play a critical role in the degree of host switch-
ing. The nature of the redistribution of larval meals
following the removal of a species or community
disassembly can strongly affect predictions of Lyme
disease risk.
Theoretical and empirical research on Lyme disease, as
well as other vector-borne and non-vector-borne diseases,
supports a negative association between host diversity
and disease risk or pathogen transmission [42–46]. This
relationship, termed the dilution effect [46], occurs
when the species most vulnerable to biodiversity loss
tend to reduce transmission, whereas those that persist
as biodiversity is lost tend to amplify risk. In the Lyme dis-
ease system of the eastern United States, small rodents
such as the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and
eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) are highly competent
reservoirs for B. burgdorferi and competent hosts for
Ixodes scapularis ticks [3]. These species persist, and even
occupy fragmented landscapes [47]. By contrast, other
predictions regardingthe
communities that
2976A. Swei et al. Lizard removal impacts on Lyme disease
Proc. R. Soc. B (2011)
Page 8
species such as Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana),
which are incompetent reservoirs for B. burgdorferi and
poor hosts for black-legged ticks, occur in diverse ver-
tebrate communities but disappear when forests are
fragmented [3,47]. The current study suggests that the
California Lyme disease system might behave differently.
In contrast to the eastern USA, where poor reservoirs are
also poor tick hosts, California's western fence lizard is
an incompetent reservoir but amplifies tick populations.
Our studyshows thatthe amplifying effect of S. occidentalis
on immature ticks dominates the diluting effect on tick
infection prevalence, as evidenced by the net decrease in
the DIN after lizards were removed (see also [48]).
To test the effect of changes in host community com-
position on disease risk, we chose an experimental
approach of removing a host species. Experimental host
removal provides advantages over comparative studies of
disease risk among sites in which host community compo-
sition varies naturally. In particular, an experiment
reduces the likelihood that unmeasured independent vari-
ables will produce spurious correlations. However, our
experimental approach has limitations as well. For
example, if lizards are highly insensitive to natural or
anthropogenic forces that reduce vertebrate diversity in
California, then our experiment might not mimic natural
sequences by which communities are disassembled.
Therefore, our manipulation is not a straightforward
test of the dilution effect. Future studies should combine
the assessment of host-species-specific effects on Lyme
disease risk with that of species-specific responses to
forces causing biodiversity loss in diverse habitats.
All protocols were approved by China Camp State Park,
Marin Municipal Water District, California Department of
Fish and Game and the University of California, Berkeley
Animal Care and use Committee (protocol R092-B).
We would like to thank three reviewers for helpful comments
on a version of the manuscript. We also thank Verna Bowie,
Tina Cheng and Natalie Reeder as well as numerous other
field assistants for their tireless efforts in data collection.
This research was funded by a grant from the National
Science Foundation, Ecology of Infectious Diseases (DEB
0525755), a National Science Foundation predoctoral
fellowship and grants-in-aid from the American Society of
Mammalogists and Sigma Xi.
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23 Eisen, R. J., Eisen, L. & Lane, R. S. 2001 Prevalence and
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24 Slowik, T. J. & Lane, R. S. 2009 Feeding preferences of the
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30 White, G. C. & Burnham, K. P. 1999 Program MARK:
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37 Davis, J. & Ford, R. G. 1983 Home range in the western
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38 Talleklint-Eisen, L. & Eisen, R. J. 1999 Abundance of
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40 Hillegass, M. A., Waterman, J. M. & Roth, J. D. 2008 The
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43 Johnson, P. T. J., Lund, P. J., Hartson, R. B. & Yoshino,
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44 Keesing, F., Holt, R. D. & Ostfeld, R. S. 2006 Effects of
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46 Ostfeld, R. S. & Keesing, F. 2000 Biodiversity and disease
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47 LoGiudice, K., Duerr, S., Newhouse, M., Schmidt,
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89, 2841–2849. (doi:10.1890/07-1047.1)
48 Ogden, N. H. & Tsao, J. 2009 Biodiversity and Lyme dis-
ease: dilution or amplification? Epidemics 1, 196–206.
2978A. Swei et al. Lizard removal impacts on Lyme disease
Proc. R. Soc. B (2011)


text: These Unofficial Game of Thrones Minifigs Let You Hold The Battle For The Iron Throne It's time to start crafting your own LEGO Westeros, because you've now got the characters to populate it. These Unofficial Game of Thrones Minifigs from Citizen Brick are ready to wage war and have lots of odd toy sex. The set of 12 includes uniquely printed body parts, weapons, and custom cloth pieces to make them ... continue reading $220 buy MORE: Games, Home, Games.


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Below are top resources on SparkPeople for High Fructose Corn Syrup Dangers.
Is there something unique about high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) that could lead to weight gain or health problems? Does your body really know the difference between corn syrup, sugar and other sweeteners? That may depend on who you ask. Some people t... Read more
Though food is supposed to be one of life's simple pleasures, few things cause more angst and confusion. It's no wonder why. We're constantly being told which foods we should eat to be healthy, which diets we should follow to be skinny, w... Read more
If you've wandered into a natural food store lately, you might have noticed that the selection of sweeteners seems to have multiplied. Powders, syrups, and liquids with exotic-sounding names catch your eye, each claiming to be tastier, healthie... Read more
That white, powdery substance just makes you feel good. You can't get it off your mind, and you keep coming back for more. The more you have it, the more you want it! But even when you try to stay away from it, it finds ways to sneak into your li... Read more
When it comes to dieting, there are more myths and old wives' tales than there are verifiable facts. Here we collect all our best resources for debunking top diet myths so you can stop falling for fads and learn how to use a healthy eating plan t... Read more
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To help each other with High Blood Pressure... Read more
The Corn Refiners Association petitioned the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) several years ago requesting a name change for high fructose corn syrup. According to the Association, the change was to alleviate confusion about the ingredient. Ho... Read more
"What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet." --ShakespeareHigh fructose corn syrup, that ubiquitous refined sweetener found in everything from jams and sodas to breads and tomato sauce, has take... Read more


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Ed Sheeran Crashes Struggling Couple's Wedding, Performs 'Thinking Out Loud'
French Choreographer Does It Again (in Heels) to Remix of Nick Jonas' 'Jealous'
E! News' Ken Baker Sheds Some Light on Zayn Malik Leaving One Direction
Did Harry Styles Cry in Concert After Zayn Malik Left One Direction?
One Direction Members Break Silence on Zayn Malik's Exit: Read Their Tweets
Watch First Trailer for Beyonce and Jay Z's HBO Tour Documentary
Jason Derulo Talks Moving to L.A., Teen Choice Awards
Shakira Reveals Initial Thoughts on Dating Much-Younger Gerard Pique
Ed Sheeran Reveals His Favorite Song on New 'X' Album
Tyrese Celebrates 'Fast & Furious 7′ With Paul Walker's Brothers
Jenni 'JWoww' Farley Gives Birth to Daughter Meilani Alexandra
Katy Perry to Star in 'Clueless' on Broadway? Meet Our Dream Cast
Khloe Kardashian Admits Lamar Was Unfaithful on 'KUWTK'
Jessica Simpson Explains Why 14 Bridesmaids Had Different Style
Demi Lovato Reveals Best Part of Going on Tour
Elsa, Snow White, Ariel Go to Jail in 'Frozen Is the New Black'
Yuna Finds Her Colorful Side in 'Come Back' Video
Ed Sheeran Gives Details on Working With Hilary Duff
5 Seconds of Summer, Usher to Perform at MTV VMAs
Ryan Gosling, Eva Mendes Expecting First Child: Reports
Vanessa Hudgens Cuts Off 'Mermaid' Hair, Gains 'Summer Alter Ego&...
Yuna Builds a 'Come Back' Machine in Video Teaser
Catch iHeartRadio Ultimate Pool Party on The CW Tonight!
Watch Jessica Simpson Get Ready for Her Wedding
Why Is the Cover of Ed Sheeran's 'X' Album So Simple?
Capitol TV Hijacked in Second 'Hunger Games: Mockingjay' Preview
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter — Diagon Alley Opens: Videos
This game man
Nana ginny's bday 91 and rockin


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Satori Japanese Wall Finishes are now available in the United States through Shikoku International Corporation, based in Orange, CA. Satori is a Japanese word which translates to the complex...03.14.14
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Milan-based Tania da Cruz cut her teeth in Marcel Wanders's Amsterdam studio. "It was like living in a temporary fairy tale," she says. Dutch whimsy factored into her early work—such as her Chia...written by: Diana Budds04.03.14
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A Look Inside the United Nations' Restored Security Council Chamber
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We asked Jon Sherman, founder and creative director of Brooklyn-based wallpaper company Flavor Paper, to share his tips on finding the right wall covering.written by: Allie Weiss08.05.14
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Degrado Amarillo Wallpaper
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Marble Wallpaper
For the look without the weight or price tag of real stone, consider using the Danish retailer's WallSmart non-woven wallpaper version.
Träullit tiles
Wall tiles soak up background noise and provide a jolt of pattern and color. This iteration—made in Sweden from wood wool, cement, and water—also helps regulate a room's humidity thanks to the...


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Lana Del Rey: Mulberry's 'Del Rey' Bag Has Arrived!
Lana Del Rey steps out pre-Cannes Film Festival on Tuesday (May 15) in Nice, France. "Chopard-Cannes" the 25-year-old entertainer tweeted about her time in France. PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Lana Del Rey Meanwhile, the fashion brand Mulberry recently named a bag after Lana! The purse has finally arrived, and is available for [...]...
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A Real-Time Data Plotting Program
This article describes the implementation of rtp (real-time plotter), a live x,y data plotting utility based on the Qt windowing library. rtp combines live updates with zoom in, auto-scaling, and auto-tracking modes. It is meant to be used where gnuplot is limited, such as the termination of a live data pipeline. However, rtp is small and does not attempt to cover gnuplot's large feature set for producing publishable data plots.
The rtp source code is released under the GPL and is available at metalab.unc.edu/pub/linux/science/visualization/rtp-1.0.0.tar.gz. I developed and tested it under Red Hat 6.0, with Qt 1.44. A README file is included in the package to help you build and use rtp. A screenshot of rtp is shown in Figure 1.
rtp provides real-time updates and basic mouse-driven resolution selection. However, it lacks gnuplot's ability to send formatted, titled plots to a printer. rtp is still a simple piece of software (1200 lines of code) that needs many features added. By describing its principles here, I hope to provide a useful, gentle example of an application based on the Qt library and the X Window System. I also hope to motivate some interested people to do more work on a Linux-based real-time, interactive data visualization system. This could be done either by extending rtp or as a completely new project.
Because all of rtp's data comes from STDIN (standard input), interaction with the user through the X Window System is limited to setting the viewing mode. It allows the user to change the viewing mode even as new data points are being processed. The viewing modes are as follows:
Auto scale: the scaling is adjusted when necessary to include all received data points. This is the default mode and can be selected by pressing a button on the toolbar.
Auto tracking: maintains a fixed scaling, but varies the viewport offset to track the latest points. This mode is selected by pressing a button on the toolbar. The scaling will be fixed at what it was before the toolbar button was pressed.
User-defined fixed: maintains a fixed viewport (both scale and offset), as defined by the user. This mode is selected when the user drags out a viewport in the plot window with the mouse.
I based rtp on the Qt library, because many others in the Linux community are using it (e.g., KDE) and because of its high-quality documentation. An HTML tree (guaranteed to be synchronized with the Qt source because it is automatically generated from the source code and comments) describes all of Qt's classes and functions. Dalheimer also wrote a book on Qt programming that is a very helpful introduction (see Resources).
The Qt library provides a GUI programming environment that is quite complete. When programming in the Qt environment, no reference to the underlying XLib library is necessary. Qt's functionality extends beyond the GUI domain to include container classes that implement several standard data structures.
Each of Qt's functional components is packaged as a C++ class, giving C++ wizards much to ponder and tinker with and those of us who like to write operational code a good tool set. For myself, having about a year of experience writing production C code with only a college course in C++, it was fairly easy to learn the Qt C++ framework.
The Qt library makes integration of independently developed classes easier through its C++ extensions: "signals" and "slots". A signal is a class member function that is undefined at compile time. A slot is a member function that is specially designated for connection to a signal at runtime. For example, a GUI button class could have a Push signal. At runtime, a plot window's slot Render could be connected to the button's Push. From then on, code that calls the button's Push method effectively calls the plot window's Render method.
Code based on the signals and slots mechanism is easier to read and maintain than that dealing with runtime function-pointer tables. (I'd bet the implementation uses a function pointer or two.) Qt also takes care of annoyances such as stubbing non-connected signals to an empty function, so you don't get a segmentation fault from a null pointer.
The drawback of signals and slots is that they are non-standard C++ extensions using new syntax, so Qt code with signals and slots must be passed through a preprocessor provided with the Qt library before it can be compiled. Dalheimer's book explains signals and slots in sufficient detail for you to start using them.
bad link
refers to rtp 1.0.0. Link is broken, version is 1.0.1
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Hancock volleyball team defeats Ortonville
The Owls came out strong and ready to play in the volleyball game with Ortonville on Sept. 10. "They showed some real teamwork by sticking through the hard times and coming together and getting the win" said Coach Tara Thielke. "The Owls played with a lot of heart and determination. It was a great game to coach and watch. These girls are improving each and every night they step onto the court."
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Book your room at Casa Olimpia Taormina-Etna
Deluxe Double Room, Private Bathroom (With Balcony)Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Deluxe Triple Room, Private Bathroom (With Balcony)Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)
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3-star bed & breakfast with sauna and massage/treatment rooms
Situated in Giarre, this bed & breakfast is 1.8 mi (2.9 km) from Basilica di San Pietro and within 6 mi (10 km) of Adventure Park Etna and Marina di Cottone Beach. Cathedral of Acireale and Etna Park Visitor Center are also within 9 mi (15 km).
Property Features
This bed & breakfast features a sauna, massage/treatment rooms, and laundry facilities. Free self parking and free train station pick-up are also provided. Additionally, a library, tour/ticket assistance, and multilingual staff are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 5 rooms provide free WiFi, balconies, and digital TV. Hair dryers and desks are also available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Casa Olimpia Taormina-Etna features a sauna, a library, and tour/ticket assistance. For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle at scheduled times is offered to guests. This Giarre bed & breakfast also offers multilingual staff, gift shops/newsstands, and laundry facilities. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Total number of rooms - 5
- Number of floors - 1
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Hair salon
- Airport transportation
- Grocery/convenience store
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Laundry facilities
- Library
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Multilingual staff
- Free train station pickup
- Free self parking
- Sauna
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Grocery/convenience store
- Laundry facilities
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Balcony
- Air conditioning
- Climate control
- Hair dryer
- Desk
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Digital TV service
- Free WiFi
- Free cribs/infant beds
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Sailing nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 6:30 PM
Check-in time ends at 10 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 11:00 AM
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No pets or service animals allowed
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 1 per person, per night
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation. No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.


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* All prices shown include 19% VAT for deliveries to Deutschland excluding possible shipping costs.
For deliveries to other countries, different taxes may apply. Please select your destination country in order to update the display price.
MSRP = Manufacturers suggested retail price
|Nemo Italianaluce
|Product Family:
|Nemo Aquarius
|Mario Barbaglia, Marco Colombo
|Diameter 25 cm, depth 10 cm.
|Max. 1 x 75 W E27 incandescent lamp.
The wall and ceiling lamp Aquarius by Nemo with sophisticated design and IP class 55 is perfectly suited for use in privates spaces, indoors and outdoors alike. Whether in the entrance area, the terrace, bathroom or kitchen.
The lamp's circular structure is from chromed brass or silver grey lacquered steel. Its frontal moulded glass diffuser with prismatic inner surface strays the light evenly and glare-free. A second diffusor on the backside is from polycarbonate.
The smaller wall and ceiling lamp Aquarius with a diameter of 25 cm as described here is a version for incandesent lamp. It also comes as version for fluorescent lamp and as larger variant Aquarius major.


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The following is a guest post by Kate DiGiacomo.
The decision to use manufacturer's reps, also referred to as sales agents or sales representatives, is typically quite simple. Manufacturer's reps generate sales for the manufacturer, and in turn earn a commission on the sales. Finding manufacturer's representatives is a relatively simple process as well. You can use classified advertisements, online job boards, or a targeted service that will locate potential reps for you. For further details on how to find reps, try reading Finding Independent Sales Representatives. Whichever route you choose to find sales reps in the first places, the real challenge begins once you have a pool of candidates. Hiring the wrong manufacturer's representative can cost you sales, customers, money, and valuable time so it is very important that you make the correct decision. Here are some factors to consider when evaluating the candidate.
The Interview
Job interviews are the ultimate sales pitch. In order to get hired, candidates need to highlight their best attributes and convince the interviewer that deciding to hire another candidate is a huge mistake. If a particular manufacturer's representative has an extensive portfolio and an impressive resume but cannot effectively "sell you†on the idea of hiring them, then he or she will likely encounter problems pitching whatever product or service they're hired to sell.
The Right Portfolio
Acing the interview isn't a sure sign that the manufacturer's rep is a good match for your company. Take a look at his or her portfolio. Have they represented a product or service in your industry before? If not, you'll have to make sure that the rep has the proper knowledge, or ability to learn, in order to effectively sell for you. If they currently represent or have represented a similar product or service before, you'll need to make sure that there isn't a threat of competition. If you notice that the manufacturer's representative works with all sorts of products across various industries, you should ask further questions to find out why they're so scattered. Do they simply enjoy variety? Or are they having trouble finding a product they can actually sell?
While hiring someone simply because you both get along well is definitely not a good idea, you should hire a manufacturer's rep that you're compatible with. Since much of the rep's work will be done out of the office and you will not be able to monitor their performance, you have to be sure that you can still effectively communicate with the rep. For example, if you tend to communicate via email you'll want to choose a manufacturer's rep that can effectively communicate through the written word. Or, if you are very detail-oriented, you'll want to make sure that the rep you hire is equally focused on the nitty-gritty. Otherwise, you'll find it hard to see eye-to-eye.
There is a lot on the line whenever a new manufacturer's representative is hired. Hiring the wrong candidate can really be a detriment to your business. However, if you do your homework and really ask each candidate the right questions, you can be confident that you'll hire a successful and productive manufacturer's representative.
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Bug Stew!
Random House, 2003 - Juvenile Fiction - 32 pages
An easy-to-read, rhyming tale featuring the characters of Disney's The Lion King movie follows Timon, Pumbaa, and Simba, who spend a day searching for and eating all sorts of tasty bugs. Simultaneous.
What people are saying - Write a review
Review: Bug Stew!User Review - Quintin Bostic - Goodreads
This is the perfect anytime book for every classroom. Good book! Read full review


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Canada geese in such great numbers they practically blacken the sky when they fly by, or get ready to make a stop-over at the open fields.
LODI - Sunlight peeks through the lush landscape at Wine and Roses Resort and Spa as hummingbirds dart between Deodar pine trees and macaws squawk in the distance.
Delicato Vineyards in Manteca has the only tasting room in the South County area, while there is an abundance to choose from in the Lodi, Collegeville and Acampo areas to the north.
Whoever said that you had to go to Napa to get the true wine experience?
RIPON – Strings of custom built homes. Country Club neighborhoods. Scenic rural drives.
TRACY - The streets of Tracy will be transformed into Bean Town USA for an expected weekend crowd of 50,000 people on Saturday, Sept. 8, and Sunday Sept. 9, for the 26th annual Dry Bean Festival, hosted by the Tracy Chamber of Commerce.
STOCKTON – Gary Coit knows bows.
Adult club for competitive and rec swimmers
You don't have to be a member of a cycling club to enjoy this outdoor activity.
It's what dreams are made of - landing the winning kick as time expires to win a medal on the world's biggest stage, the Olympic Games. For first-time Olympian Terrence Jennings it wasn't a dream because he did just that in London, winning a bronze medal in taekwondo in the men's -68kg division.
Funtastic Gymnastics has been a part of the Manteca community for a number of years, "developing healthy, happy and responsible adults – and making it fun."
STOCKTON - One of John Jordan's best childhood memories is taking a boat ride sponsored by his church.
TUOLUMNE – Classic rock star John Waite will be performing at Black Oak Casino in September. Waite is the former lead singer of Bad English ("When I See You Smile") and The Babys ("Every Time I Think of You") and has had several international hits as a solo artist, including the #1 hit "Missing You." Tickets are $10 and are available at The Gift Basket and can be ordered by phone at (209) 928-9300 x6508.
MODESTO – The Central Valley's first Guitar Festival, Guitarraganza, will take place September 25 – 28 and performing for the public will be some of America's most brilliant guitarists and will feature the Grammy Award winning ensemble Los Angeles Guitar Quartet (LAGQ).
PLEASANTON - The "new voice in town" is that of Steve McDonald, making his first appearance at the annual Scottish Highland Gathering & Games in Pleasanton. The New Zealander is that country's top selling recording artist. He joins a full lineup of traditional and Celtic Rock soloists and groups over the Labor Day weekend for the Games 147th run.McDonald brings a different tone and brand of music to the games. To quote his website, "Over the course of his career, Steve McDonald has entrenched himself into the hearts of Celtic music fans worldwide. His four albums tell the story of ...
With Valentine's Day approaching, there's one thing the flower buyer shouldn't forget.
MODESTO - It doesn't matter if you think that Valentine's Day was created to sell greeting cards (it was).
Manteca is known as the Family City, and Ripon the Almond Capital of California. They are also communities that have plenty to offer for the romantic at heart.
STOCKTON – Jose's Western Wear has been around for about 40 years.
Although it is corporately owned by a company boasting 166 stores in 26 states, Boot Barn in Turlock does not seem that way, as store manager Brooke Carey strives to provide a one-on-one shopping experience more likened to a small business.
OAKDALE – The "Cowboy Capital of the World" is Stephenville, Texas.
Bass Pro Shops in Manteca is an outlet for avid outdoors people. But its wide range of male and female apparel lends itself to those who are into the western – that is, cowboy and cowgirl – outfit look. Those choices range from Bass Pro Shops' own line of Redhead boots to a wide selection of accessories such as leather belts and even jewelry that go a long way toward achieving the desired rugged-type look.