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The mistake wasn't the kind of thing I'll be worried about in 20 years, but it was too important to ignore. I had to try to make it right.
I don't like confrontation, and I avoid it to a degree that isn't always good (unless it's my kids or my husband, but that's another post). Sometimes people just mess up, and you can show them grace by letting it go. Other times people make mistakes that cause problems for a whole bunch of people, you aren't doing them any favors by staying quiet. And I hate that part.
So today I am thankful for a good outcome. The person could have felt cornered and come out fighting. Instead, a gracious apology was offered, with the promise to make it right.
And for that I am thankful.


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1 - Poor english: as I "learned" english with video games, music, movies...
2 - I'm totaly "noob". Sorry if the question already exist and/or the post is in the wrong section.
That said:
I'm trying to make a notification widget that look slightly like the Apex Notifier.
Problem is: I DON'T KNOW HOW TO DO IT! (Again, sorry!!!!)
To have an idea of what I thought, I have attached a picture that I edited with photoshop by the final concept I want.
The green line will show Whatsapp notifications, the blue one for Facebook Messenger, the white one from SMS, and so on.
Now, I got 2 problems:
1 - I don't know how to create a counter for the apps;
2 - I don't know how to make the line (and later, the notifications) invisible.
I saw a widget some day close to this ideia, some guy created a battery icon and the background change the color depending on the battery charge. I tried to understand the variables he used but it was in vain.
If someone can just explain it ou point me to some tutorial where I can get an idea of how it works, i'd be very grateful. =)


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Kids Blog
"I have a normally strange family."
Award-winning author Sharon Creech wove a lot of her own life into her books for young adults, including her first one, Absolutely Normal Chaos. Written as a journal as are many of her novels, what strikes a reader immediately are her humor and casual way of storytelling. Everything is told offhand, as if it doesn't really matter—just a 13-year-old chattering. Until what happens does matter and things get serious. That's when readers are grateful for the humor, and having a strong if strange family really becomes important.
This summer, we're bringing the great outdoors inside! Join presenters from The Wildlife Center of Virginia to explore how different animals satisfy their needs for food, water, shelter, and space. Live animals will be featured!
Grades K-6. Call or stop by your local branch to sign up.
Mustache Baby builds upon a cute visual gag with a grand display of wit and verve. When Baby Billy is born, his parents are surprised to find a fully-grown mustache adorning his upper lip. The nurse informs them, "You'll just have to wait and see whether it is a good-guy mustache or a bad-guy mustache."
A few times every week I'll have customers approach me after searching our public catalogs and ask, "What does it mean if it says it's an 'eBook?'" When I explain, I always take care to emphasize that an eReader, tablet, or smartphone is not required for most of our digital materials in print—all that's needed is a regular computer with a modern Web browser and active connection.
On July 4th, burgers sizzle on the grill, and cold drinks are passed around. Happy dogs play with frisbees, and sunburned kids finally climb out of the pool. In the growing darkness, fireworks begin to crackle and zoom overhead. At last a special song starts playing, and everyone gets quiet as they remember the reason for the celebration.
Looking for a magical way to kick off summer vacation? The library has the answer!
Magician Joe Romano returns to CRRL with a brand-new show featuring jaw-dropping illusions!
Grades K-6. Call or stop by your local branch to sign up.
Who among us hasn't dreamt about finding treasure, whether as a child digging in the sand or an adult hiking through the woods? Now anyone can thanks to modern technology and enthusiastic hobbiests around the world! Geocaching is a modern day, outdoor treasure hunting game using GPS enabled devices.
The library has partnered with the Stafford 350th Anniversary Committee and the Fredericksburg Geocachers to create The Stafford 350 Geocaching Trail! This is a fun, exciting and inexpensive way for families to enjoy a beautiful weekend exploring Stafford County.
Prudence Wants a Pet explores the troubles of a pet-yearning girl with dry humor and simple, fun imagery. We already know what Prudence desires, but her parents are in no mood to sacrifice money or peace and quiet in exchange for a kitty or a puppy. So Prudence decides to take matters into her own hands.
One of children's literature's most beloved authors and illustrators was born in June. Bruce Degen created Jamberry and illustrated the hugely successful Magic School Bus series.
The Summer Reading Club at your library is here! Sign up in person or online, read whatever you want, and earn great prizes!
Reading is one of the best things that you can do to fight boredom, keep your brain active, and have fun while school is out. It offers chances to escape, journeys to travel, and mysteries to solve.
Reading is also tremendously important when time travelling. Don't believe me? Check out our special public service announcement below that shows just what can happen. It stars our beloved TARDIS as well as a few other curious characters.
Our Summer Reading theme for kids is "Fizz, Boom, Read," and it goes all the way until August 31. Don't forget that we offer Summer Reading for teens and adults, too! Sign up online or at your local branch and be sure to keep an eye out for the TARDIS as it travels around our libraries.


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Mushroom hunting today and fond a few Arrow-Heads in the creek........
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You're so lucky. I found one once and I was ecstatic!!! Sometimes I scour the farmer's fields after they have plowed and stirred up the soil. I haven't found anything yet.
I think NDNs often lost arrowheads while hunting mushrooms.
You saying I'm Tripping...........
I have several I have found over the years and I found a Axe head about 14 yrs ago while walking a field edge going to my tree stand one afternoon
Ya never know what you'll stumble across, we used to find sharks teeth in the quarry we worked in...nowhere near the ocean...crazy


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$10 million appears in your bank account ....
What would you do?
A couple here in NZ applied to their bank for a $10,000 loan and ended up with $10 million being deposited into their account!
And they've dropped everything, abandoned their business, a couple of properties and done a runner! Police think they've headed for Asia (the man is Asian) as there are no extradition agreements between NZ & many Asian countries.
It's spurred lots of lively debate here with people asking themselves what they would do in a similar situation. Many see it as a victim-less crime with not much sympathy for the faceless banking giant involved!
I heard about this. Some predict that it will ruin them even if they're not caught. They're not married but it'll probably affect their relationship and they'll have to avoid family because they're going to be scoped out.
Apparently they couldn't withdraw all of the funds so they only have part of the 6 million.
It'll take a lot more than that to make me run with it.
I couldn't live with myself if I did that - but I wouldn't do it in the first place. That couple was dishonest and should have been forth coming and let the bank know of the error. It doesn't matter if the bank made an error - the $10 million wasn't their money.
I believe in the "what goes around comes around" philosophy as well as karma.
I would definitely have notified the bank of their error. I like living life as it is way too much to even think about being on the run for the rest of my life. If they had been honest, do you think the bank would have given them a decent reward???
One night's interest sounds like a decent reward.
What's up with NZ lately? lol. This three year old bid on and won a truck, all by himself. The truck cost $15,600/NZ20,000.
Here is a link that might be useful: Boy buys earth digger
Notify the bank for sure, unless you have a criminal mind and would do what that other couple did - make a big withdrawal and skip.
Why notify the bank so soon? It is a loan! You are beng charged interest on 10 million dollars, not 10 thousand dollars - huge difference and costly.
The bank once made a mistake and credited me an undeserved $800. We were driving out of the bank parking lot, when I was looking at my passbook and started screaming at my husband, "You have to turn around, we have to go back!" Of course, I'd let them know about the mistake. I couldn't live with myself if I took someone else's money--and that money may have arrived via a big, nameless, faceless bank, but it was originally deposited there by little people who no doubt worked hard for their money. Neither they, nor the bank, nor the insurance company should be funding a crook's lifestyle.
This past month I was reconciling one of my savings accounts, that I only transfer money into from other accts I don't do regular deposits into this acct. I see on the statement a $5,246.00 deposit, I verified DH did not make the deopsit (which he NEVER does) and checked online, for over a week expecting them to withdraw it. I go to the bank the next week and let the teller know it was not my money, to please check it out, it was a deposit made to a company with a name close to ours in Pennsilvania, & I'm in California, I told the teller I do not want "bad" money. If it was my money that went into someone elses account I sure would want it back, and eventually you know they will deduct it... Whats fair is fair... I need to know I have good karma around me.. It will catch up with this couple.
About a year and a half ago a similar thing happened near here, but the amount was only around $200,000. The couple claimed they contacted the bank a number of times but the bank claimed there was no error. The bank found the error several months later but by then the couple had spent part of the money. I'm not sure they have ever resolved it.
funny Lori, my left shoulder was telling me the same thing, but I have enough things keeping me awake at night, I did not need one more. The teller told me it could have been months before they actually made the connection of where the money went, but that they would eventually find it.
The news stories say 6.1 million.
Now I smell an inside job. Have any of you ever tried to withdraw a large sum of money from the bank?
They don't care if it's in your account or not. That withdrawal should and would have been flagged. A teller wouldn't just hand over the cash and an ATM has limits. If they tried to write a check it would be questioned. Even an E check would be flagged by someone. So just how did they withdraw the funds?
Any bank employees call in sick that week?
In the past 40 years, I've found only one bank error. Somehow, a goodly sum of money was deposited to my checking account, and it wasn't mine. Fortunately, my bank statement was mailed to me only a day or two after the error had been made so timely correction could be made. Somehow, a client's stock dividend got deposited to my account instead of his. The Bank was really happy to get my call.
Not nearly that much, but several years ago the
bank "deposited" a little over $5,000 in my
checking account. I went down - twice - and they
said there was no error. The 2nd time I went, I
asked to see the Manager and asked him to give me
a letter stating that no error had been made, and
that was a true accounting of my account.
He made sure they found the error. LOL
Nobody wants to admit they're wrong, it seems. But, I
can't understand why it wasn't found in the Accounting
Yep, there's no question about informing the bank when they make an error - not that it's ever happened to me.
The story changes daily over the amount that this guy's managed to get. It's now at $3.8 million. The money was transferred electronically out of the NZ account and if it was done in a number of smaller amounts it would have escaped the bankers radar.
Imagine having to live like fugitives the rest of your life and never being able to return 'home' to friends and family. There's not enough $$ in the world to make that an option!
Here is a link that might be useful: The New Zealand Herald story
After the past 10 years and watching what goes on in estates in the family and the crookedness involved there, it's not an issue of being isolated. It's been too close to home for me.
I don't know enough on this story either. Doesn't make sense to me. And even with the $5 or $10 mistakes, I've corrected them before. Both when I'd cashier and people would give too much or when I check out and get too much in change. It's just the way I am. I like to think that a good deed will come back to you in some form. Sadly bad deeds go unpunished all too often. But that doesn't stop me from separating right from wrong and making myself proud of myself.
I had it happen to me. I deposited a check for $100,000 and received a deposit slip for $1,000,000. Didn't check until two days later when I was updating the checkbook. Called the bank and told them they gave me too many zeros! The teller laughed and fixed the problem.


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Health Order Form
Eating well is essential for optimal health and an active lifestyle. The Idaho Beef Council is dedicated to helping children and adults improve their health by making informed food choices.
We offer health professionals a variety of factual, scientifically supported education materials for patient education, such as nutrition fact sheets, healthy meal preparation, recipe brochures and more. Based on the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and USDA's MyPyramid, our materials focus on nutrient-rich foods as primary dietary choices.
If you are a health care professional practicing in Idaho, these materials are available to you free of charge. For a list of available materials please contact the Idaho Beef Council at (208) 376-6004.
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Tennessee Treasure
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5 Days & Counting
Well, another doggio day started with my favorite thing...breakfast! I love me some breakfast; little crunchy bits mixed with litte savory chunks...Mmmmm.
My Dad makes it for me every morning, and even though it's the same thing every day, I tuck into it like it's my first, and last, meal. But, that's how we should approach everything in life right? Sometimes, with that approach, a guy can bite into something ...
Champ Preps for his Big Adventure
I'm Champ the Corgi, and this is my blog about my upcoming trip across country with my Dad, from where we live in Tennessee (Go Vols!) to Sausalito, California. It's gonna be a "Road Trip" that would make John Balushi (and all you other dogs) proud. So, follow me and my adventures.
So, these days I've been supervising Mom & Dad in the preparation for our move out ...
Richmond to Knoxville 430 miles
... imagined so we carry on passing into Tennessee. Stop at a Hilton hotel in Knoxville and a short walk around the corner is a lovely square with loads of restaurants and bars with live music. Had a couple of beers in a bar with a huge selection of beers on tap and asked the bartender where we should eat. Well my buttermilk fried chicken was great as was Peters trout, had a margarita and back to the hotel as quite ...
Lori's snow at Ober Gatlinburg
... 00 a person. Unfortunately because of the long wait we just did have time to ride the scenic chairlift to the very top before they closed it down. By the time we got up to the top it was dark so didn't see the view so much and it was cold up there. There was a ice skating rink inside and some shops etc. Was a nice trip but if you go try goin when its not so crowded and start ...
Final getaway of 2014
... each day in with different activities for the kids; more than we should have. We spent the first afternoon/evening in Gatlinburg enjoying various activities there. On the second day we visited Dollywood, which was great! The weather was not the best but we decided to put up with it and it turned out being the right decision as we practically had the entire park to ourselves. The longest line we had to stand in was ...


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A snow scene in Newcastle upon Tyne, captured at sunrise. The snow covered ground and trees are set against a pink sky.
snow, sunrise, sunset, pink, white, landscape, winter, trees
Based in Newcastle upon Tyne, I am privileged to live close to some of the most stunning scenery and iconic landmarks that the North of England has to offer. My main photographic interest is capturing images of the landscape, nature and architecture of the area. I am however continually experimenting with different styles of photography and digital processing and hope to extend the range of my work over time.You can see more of my images on my website at www.davidpringlephotography.com
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1973 Porsche 914. 2.0 Engine does run. Had some restoring but did not finish. This care would be a great car to restore. The... More
Dry and solid 1972 BMW 2002tii. Non nnumers matching engine. great car for a restoration project. It will start. Needs fuel lines, mechanical, brakes... More
1971 JAGUAR SERIES TWO 4.2 LITER FIXED HEAD COUPE. ORIGINAL PRIMROSE YELLOW WITH TAN TRIM. STANDARD WHEELS. 4-SPEED. AIR CONDITIONING. ORIGINAL CALIFORNIA CAR. 3-OWNERS.... More
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1970 Porsche 911E Coupe Rolling shell, basically complete but missing 2.2-liter engine & 901 transmission. Comes with correct rear fenders. Solid example needing complete restoration.... More
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Hawkins among standouts
After closing the season with three consecutive wins to finish in a tie for second in the north division and a 6-3 overall record, nine Northwest Mississippi Rangers were rewarded for their individual play during the year when all-state and all-region teams were announced by the league office on Nov. 14
Earning MACJC First Team All-State honors on offense were sophomores Lance Ray (WR/KR) and Donald Hawkins (LT) and freshman Austin Douglas (C). Second team offense honors went to sophomore transfer Ryan Mossakowski (QB) and freshman Teshadi Talton (RB).
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Author: Griffin, James R.
Source: Forest Science, Volume 10, Number 3, 1 September 1964, pp. 317-319(3)
Publisher: Society of American Foresters
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Research Forester, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Expt. Sta., Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Redding, California
Publication date: September 1, 1964


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Takeaways From Your Next Predictive Analytics Conference
Why should one go to a predictive analytics conference? What should one take home from a conference like Predictive Analytics World (PAW)? There are many reasons conferences are valuable, including interacting with thought leaders and practitioners, seeing software and hardware tools (the exhibit hall), and learning principles of predictive analytics from talks and workshops. This post focuses on the talks, and in particular, case studies.
There is no quicker way to upgrade our capabilities than having someone else who has "been there" tell us how they succeeded in their development and implementation of predictive models. When I go to conferences, this is at the top of my list. In the best case studies I am able to see different way of looking at a problem than I had considered before, how the practitioner overcame obstacles, how their target variable was defined, what data was used in building the models, how the data was prepared, what figure of merit they used to judge a model's effectiveness, and much more.
Almost all case studies we see at conferences are success stories; we all love winners. Yes, we all know that we learn from mistakes and many case studies actually enumerate mistakes. But success sells and given time limitations in a 20-50 minute talk, few mistakes and dead-ends are usually described in the talks. And, as we used to say in when I was doing government contracting, one works like crazy on the research and then when the money runs out, one declares victory. Putting a more positive spin on the process, we do as well as we can with the resources we have, and if the final solution improves the current system, we are indeed successful.
But once we observe the successful approach, what can we really take home with us? There are three reasons we should be skeptical taking case studies and applying them directly to our own problems.
The first two reasons are straightforward. First, our data is different from the data used in the talk. Obviously. But it is likely to be different enough that one cannot not take the exact same approach to data preparation or target variable creation that one sees at a conference.
Second, our business is different. The way the question was framed and the way predictions can be used are likely to differ in our organization. If we are building models to predict Medicare fraud, they way the "suspicious" claim is processed and which data elements are available vary significantly for each provider (codes being just one example).
The third reason is more subtle and more difficult to overcome. In a fascinating New Yorker article entitled, "The Truth Wears Off: Is there something wrong with the scientific method?", author Jonah Lehrer describes an effect seen by many researchers over the past few decades. Findings in major studies, published in reputable journals, and showing statistically significant results have been difficult to replicate by the original researcher and by others. This is a huge problem because replicating results is what we do as predictive modeler: we assume that behavior in the past can and will be replicated in the future.
In one example, researcher Jonathan Schooler (who was originally at the University of Washington as a graduate student) "demonstrated that subjects shown a face and asked to describe it were much less likely to recognize the face when shown it later than those who had simply looked at it. Schooler called the phenomenon 'verbal overshadowing'. The study turned him into an academic star."
A few years later, he tried to replicate the study didn't succeed. In fact, he tried many times over the years and never succeeded. The effect he found at first waned each time he tried to replicate the study with additional data. "This was profoundly frustrating. It was as if nature gave me this great result and then tried to take it back." There have been a variety of potential explanations for the effect, including "regression to the mean." This might very well be the case because even when we show statistically significant results defined by having a p value less than 0.05, there is still a chance that the effect found was not really there at all. Over thousands of studies, dozens find effects therefore that aren't really there.
Let's assume we are building models and there is actually no significant difference between responders and non-responders (but we don't know that). However, we work very hard to identify an effect, and eventually we find the effect on training and testing data. We publish. But the effect isn't there; we happened upon the effect just had good luck (which in the long run is actually bad luck!). Even if the chance of finding the effect by chance is 1 in 100, or 1 in 1000, if we experiment enough and search through enough variables, we may happen upon a seemingly good effect eventually. This process, called "over searching" by Jensen and Cohen (see "Multiple Comparisons in Induction Algorithms"), is real and a real danger.
So what do we do at conferences? We should take home ideas, principles, and approaches rather than recipes. It should spur us to try ideas we either hadn't yet tried or even thought about before.
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"Interesting article, thanks for sharing! Over the past three years, an increasing number of organizations have relied on the collection and analysis of huge volumes of data to guide their campaigns. Much of the evidence of success in their ability to reach and engage audiences has been anecdotal. The survey offered statistical underpinning that big data boosts marketing effectiveness. Those ..."
"Oh, and it's great to see others catching on to Gartner's "3Vs" of Big Data, that we first introduced over 15 years ago (albeit most often without the professional courtesy of a citation). To see the original piece I wrote back then: http://goo.gl/wH3qG.Cheers, Doug"
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Put Wally Cleaver, Bud Anderson and that kid from "Lost in Space" together in a movie and what do you get? Apparently not what you'd think.
Says Billy Mumy (aka that kid from "Lost in Space"): "When you look at this group of baby boomers' dream cast ... you think, 'Oh, it's going to be 'The Love Boat.' Or it's 'Lost in Space' or it's something kind of cute -- 'Love American Style'-ish. But it's very dark and it's pretty hard-hitting in its tone and non-compromising."
What it is is "Overload," an in-the-works indie sci-fi flick that aims to shoot several former child stars into the nether reaches of the galaxy, including Tony Dow (Wally Cleaver of "Leave It to Beaver" fame), Billy Gray (Bud Anderson of "Father Knows Best") and Billy Mumy, who, if we must be detailed about it, played astroboy Will Robinson on TV's "Lost in Space."
Also on board: Angela Cartwright (Linda Williams on "Make Room for Daddy" and Mumy's TV sibling Penny on "Lost in Space"), Johnny ("The Rifleman") Crawford, Don Grady (middle son Robbie on "My Three Sons"), who'll also handle scoring duties, and -- for good measure -- Melissa ("Little House on the Prairie") Gilbert. Er, make that the voice of Melissa ("Little House on the Prairie") Gilbert. (She's the computer.)
Add up all the names and you've got quite an assemblage of ex-TV kids from the 1950s and 1960s. But given the tabloid rep of said ex-TV kids, you (or some other wise acre) might ask is it lawfully safe for them all to work together on one project at the same time?
Don't worry about it.
Billy Mumy "None of these people have been living depressing, compromised lives," Mumy tells Hollywood.com. "They're all happy pursuing the lives they've pursued."
So, bosh the former child star "curse." "Overload" was not borne of a work-release program or a probation condition. It was borne of a ping-pong game.
The way Mumy, now 46, tells it, the saga began on the set of "Babylon 5," the 1994-98 sci-fi TV series. On "Babylon 5," Mumy, who grew up to be a musician ("Fish Heads"), writer ("Space Cases") and sometime actor, played a latex-covered alien while Dow, now 55, played the director. (Actually, Dow was the director -- one of them anyway. Other helmer credits include "Coach" and "Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.")
Anyway, Mumy started bugging Dow (and the other powers that be on the show) to cast Billy Gray. Now, Mumy didn't know Gray. Had never worked with him. He just thought he was cool.
"When I was a teenager, I used to watch reruns of 'Father Knows Best,' and I used to think Bud Anderson was the coolest," Mumy says. "'Cause he was human, you know. He was just so great. The way he listened, his comedic timing, just the reality within him. ... And [then] he disappeared [from the screen]. No one's seen him for 20 years. I [thought] it'd be so cool. And, of course, they never listened to me and never tried to bring him in [for 'Babylon 5']."
But Mumy didn't give up on Billy Gray. So Dow, a friend of Gray, finally brought the two together. And they all played ping pong.
During the course of a tournament at Dow's house, Mumy asked Gray, whose once-promising film career ("The Day the Earth Stood Still," "On Moonlight Bay," etc.) was stunted by his TV success and whose TV success was stunted by his show's 1960 cancellation and a subsequent headline-making bust for pot possession ("a handful of seeds and stems") in 1962, if he wanted to act again.
Gray, now 62, has gone on to a comfortable existence racing motorcycles and inventing gadgets since bidding his screen career farewell after bits in the likes of "Porklips Now" and "The Vampire Wars." Did he still possess the desire to perform?
Says Gray: "I've always wanted to act. It's just that I never figured out a way to [get] any work. ... If acting was the only thing I enjoyed doing, I suppose I could have, but I've done a little bit of theater and it's not all that fun."
But Mumy's idea sounded fun, and "Overload" -- about seven space explorers in the near future (circa 2069) trapped on a dying vessel (dare we say, lost in space?) -- was hatched.
Mumy and writing partner Peter David cranked out a script for what was then to be a 30-40 minute short, with Mumy as executive producer, Dow as director and Gray as a cast member in good standing.
Along the way, Crawford, Grady, Cartwright and Gilbert joined the project, with "Star Trek" Lt. Sulu George Takei and "Babylon 5"'s Claudia Christian lending added sci-fi cred. Also along the way, "Overload" morphed from a self-financed short to a feature for Galaxy Pictures (www.galaxyonline.com).
If you think "Overload" got attention (and money) because of the former child star angle, the "Overload" team would agree -- to a point.
"What we wanted to do was use it [the former child star thing] as a sort of hook and then turn it around and say, 'Well, wait a second, this is not exactly what we would expect,'" Dow says. "'Cause it isn't an exploitive kind of thing."
Gray agrees "Overload" will be no one-trick pony: "I think that notwithstanding a bunch of kid actors getting together, just that subject matter is something that hasn't been tackled very often."
By way of the Cliffs Notes summary, Mumy describes "Overload" as "'Steambath' [an Off-Broadway play turned 1972 TV movie about a godly towel attendant] meets 'Lifeboat' in 'The Twilight Zone.'" (Translation: Expect a lot of meaning of life stuff mixed in with your special effects.)
After shooting demo footage in the spring, Galaxy says cameras should roll on the entire flick in the fall. Dow, Gray, Mumy and the others will be ready. And this time, Mumy promises, the erst while Will Robinson will have more to do than "lurching left and right and watching out for explosions."


text:
Page 1
Urban–rural differences of gynaecological
malignancies in Egypt (1999–2002)
S Dey,aA Hablas,bIA Seifeldin,cK Ismail,bM Ramadan,cH El-Hamzawy,cML Wilson,aM Banerjee,d
P Boffetta,eJ Harford,fSD Merajver,gAS Solimana
aDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USAbGharbiah Cancer Society, Tanta,
Gharbiah, EgyptcTanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Gharbiah, EgyptdDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, MI, USAeInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, FrancefOffice of International Affairs, National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, MD, USAgUniversity of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Correspondence: Dr AS Soliman, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 Observatory St.,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Email firstname.lastname@example.com
Accepted 13 October 2009. Published Online 16 December 2009.
Objective In previous studies, we have shown a three to four times
higher urban incidence of breast cancer and estrogen receptor-
positive breast cancers in the Gharbiah Province of Egypt. We
investigated the urban–rural incidence differences of gynaecologic
malignancies (uterine, ovarian and cervical cancers) to explore if
they show the same trend that we found for breast cancer.
Design Cancer registry-based incidence comparison.
Setting Gharbiah population-based cancer registry (GPCR), Tanta,
Sample All patients with uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer in
GPCR from 1999 to 2002.
Methods We calculated uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer
incidence from 1999 to 2002. For each of the three cancers, we
calculated the overall and age-specific rates for the province as a
whole, and by urban–rural status, as well as for the eight districts
of the province.
Results Incidence of all three cancer sites was higher in urban
than in rural areas. Uterine cancer showed the highest urban–rural
incidence rate ratio (IRR = 6.07, 95% CI = 4.17, 8.85). Uterine
cancer also showed the highest urban incidence in the oldest age
group (70+ age category, IRR = 14.39, 95% CI = 4.24, 48.87) and
in developed districts (Tanta, IRR = 4.14, 95% CI = 0.41, 42.04).
Incidence rates by groups of cancer sites showed an increasing
gradient of urban incidence for cancers related to hormonal
aetiology, mainly of the breast and uterus (IRR = 4.96, 95%
Conclusions The higher urban incidence of uterine cancer, coupled
with our previous findings of higher incidence of breast cancer and
estrogen receptor positive breast cancer in urban areas in this region,
may be suggestive of possible higher exposure to environmental
estrogenic compounds, such as xenoestrogens, in urban areas.
Keywords Egypt, gynaecologic cancers, urban–rural,
Please cite this paper as: Dey S, Hablas A, Seifeldin I, Ismail K, Ramadan M, El-Hamzawy H, Wilson M, Banerjee M, Boffetta P, Harford J, Merajver S,
Soliman A. Urban–rural differences of gynaecological malignancies in Egypt (1999–2002). BJOG 2010;117:348–355.
Malignancies specific to female organs, such as those of
breast, uterus, and ovary, tend to have a hormone-related
aetiology.1–3Reproductive risk factors that increase the
exposure of women to higher levels of endogenous estrogens
seemingly lead to an increased risk of such cancers.1–3The
malignancies of these three organs also have higher incidence
rates in more affluent or developed countries compared with
the developing world.4However, among these three organ
sites, breast cancer is the most common cancer with the
highest incidence in most populations across the world.4,5
This difference in incidence between various organ sites may
be the result of differences in tissue structure of the organs
and their anatomical site, and/or physiological function,
which translates into differences in exposure.
Cervical cancer is also a malignancy that is specific to
women, but has a risk profile and epidemiology quite
unlike that of cancers of the breast, ovary, or uterus. Cervi-
cal cancer has mainly an infectious aetiology, and the
human papillomavirus (HPV) is found to be implicated in
most cases of cervical cancer.6As is true for most infec-
tious diseases, cervical cancer has a higher incidence in
developing and more tropical countries.
Within developing countries, urban areas tend to be
more affluent and developed compared with rural areas. This
ª 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª RCOG 2009 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02447.x
Gynaecological oncology
Page 2
difference in development and industrialisation translates
into differences in exposure to certain man-made chemicals
called xenoestrogens that have been shown to act like natural
hormones within the body, and have been implicated in
numerous in vitro, animal, and human studies to increase
the risk of breast cancer.7Numerous studies across the world
have shown that xenoestrogen presence and exposure is
higher in urban areas of the world.8–14Over the past several
years we have explored the differences between developed
and developing populations, with a special focus on Egypt,
where distinct differences between urban and rural areas
exist15,16and may provide a unique setting for investigating
the association between development and urbanisation, and
differences in cancer incidence and distribution.
We have already published our hypotheses regarding the
probable association between xenoestrogens and breast can-
cer,17and in our previous studies in Gharbiah, Egypt, we
also found a three to four times higher incidence of breast
cancer and estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumours
in urban areas than in rural areas.18Because of the hor-
monal aetiology of breast cancer and the likelihood that
populations in urban areas might be exposed to xenoesto-
genic compounds, as shown in urban areas of other coun-
tries,8–14we hypothesised that the incidence of other
gynaecological malignancies such as those of the uterus and
ovary must be higher in urban populations. At the same
time, higher xenoestrogen exposure must not have any effect
on creating urban–rural differences for cervical cancer,
which does not have a hormonal aetiology. Thus, we exam-
ined the hypothesis that the incidence of uterine and ovarian
cancer is higher in urban areas as compared with rural areas,
whereas the incidence of cervical cancer is not significantly
different between urban and rural areas in Gharbiah, Egypt.
For these purposes we analysed the data from the popula-
tion-based Gharbiah Cancer Registry for the 4-year period
of 1999–2002 to assess differences in urban–rural incidence
of uterine, ovarian and cervical cancers.
The methods of this study are similar to the methods pub-
lished previously.18Here we have provided the methods
specific to this study in brief.
Study population
The study population consisted of all women diagnosed with
uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer from 1999 to 2002, a
total period of four years, in the Gharbiah population-based
cancer registry (GPCR), Tanta, Egypt. The registry number,
age at diagnosis, address, address code, smoking status, occu-
pation, basis of diagnosis, tumour grade, stage, morphology,
medical record number and place of reference of each woman
were abstracted from routinely collected registry data.
Gharbiah population-based cancer registry
founded in 1998 as a part of the Middle East Cancer Con-
sortium (MECC), and is located in Tanta, the capital of
Gharbiah Province.19This is an active registry and it col-
lects cases from a number of sources in the governorate to
determine cancer incidence. Most of the cancer cases for
this study came from Tanta Cancer Center (40–50%) and
Gharbiah Cancer Society (20–25%). The remaining cases
came from pathology laboratories (10%), Mansoura Radio-
therapy Hospital (3–4%), insurance hospitals (4–5%),
National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo (2–3%) and mortal-
ity records (4–5%). Most of the cases were diagnosed by
pathological confirmation.20The WHO ICD-9 coding is
used to determine the types of cancer. Cases were regis-
tered with Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results
(SEER) staging information from 1999–2002, although all
available records for patients from 1999 to 2002 was
retrieved, and previous SEER staging was replaced by
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging.
Gharbiah Province
Gharbiah Province is an administrative region located
90 km north of Cairo in the Nile Delta Region. It has eight
districts, with Tanta being the capital of Tanta district as
well as of the entire governorate. Gharbiah has a popula-
tion of more than 4 million people, and 49% of them are
women. Approximately 30% of the population resides in
urban areas and almost 47% of the female population is
below the age of 20, according to the 2006 Central Agency
for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) census.21
Most of the residents residing in rural areas are part of an
agricultural economy, but most people living in cities par-
ticipate in industrial occupations, with most of the indus-
tries located in the two largest districts of Tanta and
El Mehalla.
Census data
Census data for the female population in Gharbiah was
obtained from the 1996 and 2006 CAPMAS census,21and a
constant growth of the population was assumed in order to
project populations for the years in between using a linear
regression model. The linear growth rates of eight districts
were applied to the urban and rural populations within
those districts to determine the urban and rural popula-
tions from 1999 to 2002. The census data consisted of 16
age categories at 5-year intervals. Six age categories were
created from these by collapsing the age categories below
29 years, and by collapsing the age categories into 10-year
intervals after that. These population figures formed the
denominators to calculate the overall, age-specific, district-
specific and urban–rural incidence rates for uterine, ovarian
and cervical cancer in women.
Urban–rural differences of gynaecological malignancies
ª 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª RCOG 2009 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Page 3
Urban–rural classification
The urban–rural classification followed the CAPMAS cod-
ing of urban and rural areas. Urban areas consisted of all
the capital cities of the eight districts of the governorate,
whereas the remaining areas in the governorate were con-
sidered to be rural. Each case in the registry is assigned a
residence code based on their residential address that fol-
lows the CAPMAS coding. This code was used to classify
patients as being either urban or rural.
Statistical analyses
Descriptive statistics and rate analyses were completed
using SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Univariate
analyses were used to develop a descriptive profile using
demographic and geographical indicators. Yearly raw and
age-adjusted incidence rates for uterine, ovarian and cervi-
cal cancer were calculated for Gharbiah governorate, each
of the eight districts, and urban and rural areas for the
governorate and each district. Age-specific rates, overall
and urban–rural, were calculated for each of six age catego-
ries. Raw incidence rates were calculated by taking the
number of cases per year (1999–2002) divided by the per-
son-year estimates for 1999–2002. Direct age-adjusted inci-
dence rates were calculated by direct age-standardization
for each district, and their urban and rural areas, using the
world population as the standard.4We also compared
world age-standardised overall and urban–rural incidence
rates with SEER incidence rates from the USA. Incidence
rate ratios (IRRs) and P-values for the trends were calcu-
lated using negative binomial regression by the GENMOD
procedure in SAS. Age, histology and stage at diagnosis
could have been potential confounding factors. However,
histology was uniform in distribution across urban–rural
strata, and stage at diagnosis did not affect IRRs by more
than 10%. Therefore, we have reported age-standardised
IRRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
As additional analyses following our initial results, we also
compared urban–rural incidence of female leukaemia (a can-
cer with mostly genetic and some environmental aetiology,
which will thus be most likely to have the least differences
between urban and rural populations), all female cancers
except breast and uterine cancer (two cancers with maximal
links to hormonal risk factors in addition to other factors),
all female cancers (including breast and uterine cancer), and
hormonal cancers (breast and uterus).
The number of cases was highest for ovarian cancer, fol-
lowed by uterine and cervical cancer, respectively (Table 1).
The numbers of cases of ovarian and uterine cancers were
fairly constant across the years 1999–2002. There was some
Table 1. Characteristics of women with uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer by urban–rural status in Gharbiah, Egypt, from 1999 to 2002
VariableDescriptive Category Uterus Ovary Cervix
Urban No. (%) Rural No. (%) Urban No. (%) Rural No. (%) Urban No. (%) Rural No. (%)
Total cases
Year of diagnosis
101 (73.19)
17 (62.96)
27 (72.97)
24 (68.57)
33 (80.49)
1 (100)
4 (100)
16 (66.67)
30 (68.18)
32 (72.73)
18 (85.71)
51 (80.95)
25 (71.43)
6 (66.67)
8 (66.67)
2 (100)
3 (60)
3 (37.5)
3 (75)
90 (72)
1 (100)
10 (83.33)
37 (26.81)
10 (37.04)
10 (27.03)
9 (25.71)
8 (19.51)
8 (33.33)
14 (31.82)
12 (27.27)
3 (14.29)
12 (19.05)
10 (28.57)
3 (33.33)
4 (33.33)
2 (40)
5 (62.5)
1 (25)
35 (28)
2 (16.67)
148 (53.62)
29 (46.03)
34 (55.74)
38 (50.67)
47 (61.04)
16 (45.71)
26 (63.41)
33 (55.00)
34 (47.22)
26 (55.32)
13 (61.91)
67 (62.62)
39 (59.09)
10 (52.63)
10 (58.82)
5 (41.67)
7 (25.93)
3 (30)
7 (38.89)
132 (54.1)
7 (30.44)
9 (100)
128 (46.38)
34 (53.97)
27 (44.26)
37 (49.33)
30 (38.96)
19 (54.29)
15 (48.39)
27 (45.00)
38 (52.78)
21 (44.68)
8 (38.10)
40 (37.38)
27 (40.91)
9 (47.37)
7 (41.18)
7 (58.33)
20 (74.07)
7 (70)
11 (61.11)
112 (45.9)
16 (69.56)
60 (58.25)
15 (53.57)
25 (65.79)
9 (56.25)
11 (52.38)
1 (100)
5 (62.50)
11 (50.00)
18 (60.00)
20 (64.52)
5 (45.46)
30 (69.77)
19 (73.08)
3 (50)
1 (25)
2 (28.57)
2 (28.57)
2 (25)
1 (100)
59 (58.42)
1 (100)
43 (41.75)
13 (46.43)
13 (34.21)
7 (43.75)
10 (47.62)
3 (37.50)
11 (50.00)
12 (40.00)
11 (35.48)
6 (54.54)
13 (30.23)
7 (26.92)
3 (50)
3 (75)
5 (71.43)
5 (71.43)
6 (75)
42 (41.58)
1 (100)
Kafr El-Zayat
El Santa
Basis of diagnosis Microscopic
Death certificate
Dey et al.
ª 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª RCOG 2009 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Page 4
variation seen in the number of cervical cancer cases, with
only 13 cases seen in 2001, but with 38 cases registered in
2000. For most organ sites and for most ages, the number
of urban cases was higher, except for ovarian cancer (1999
and 0–29 age category). Among districts, most cases for all
cancer sites came from Tanta, the largest district. Most of
the cases were diagnosed microscopically.
Crude incidence per 100 000 women for all three cancers
was low, with cervical cancer having the lowest incidence
(uterus, 1.91; ovary, 3.83; cervix, 1.43) (Table 2). However,
the urban incidence of all three cancers was higher than
the rural incidence – the highest difference being seen for
uterine cancer (IRR = 6.07, 95% CI = 4.17, 8.85). Age-
standardised rates for all cancer sites were much lower than
US SEER (white) rates for all three cancer sites.
The overall age-specific incidence of the three cancers
shows that these are diseases of old age, and that the inci-
dence increases with increasing age (Table 3). A peak in
incidence was seen for the age group of 50–59 years for
ovarian and 60–69 years for uterine and cervical cancers. A
comparison of age-specific urban and rural incidence
showed some interesting features for all three cancers. For
all cancer sites, urban incidence was higher than rural inci-
dence from an early age, and urban incidence kept increas-
ing with age, with the highest incidence seen in the 70+
age category for urban areas, except for cervical cancer.
Rural incidence, however, peaked at 60–69 years and then
declined. The differences in incidence between urban and
rural areas were much wider for uterine cancer in most age
groups compared with the other two cancer sites, with the
highest difference seen in the 70+ age group (IRR = 14.39,
Among the districts, Tanta had the highest incidence for
all three cancer sites (Table 4). For ovarian cancer the inci-
dence in Tanta was slightly higher compared with Basyoon
(IRR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.45, 5.49), whereas the incidence
was almost similar in the other districts. For uterine (Fig-
ure 1) and cervical cancers, the incidence in Tanta was
much higher compared with Basyoon (Uterus, IRR = 4.14,
95% CI = 0.41, 42.04; Cervix, IRR = 11.31, 95% CI = 0.15,
867.4) (Table 4). However, because of the very low number
of cases these estimates had large standard errors, and inci-
dence rates may not be too different between the districts.
We also looked at female leukaemia and other female
cancers in the groups to observe any gradients in terms of
urban–rural differences in incidence in Gharbiah (Table 5).
We found that leukaemia had the lowest urban–rural
differences (overall IRR = 2.24, 95% CI = 0.55, 9.18),
Table 2. Overall, urban and rural incidence, crude and age-standardised to the world population, and urban–rural incidence rate ratios for
uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer in Gharbiah, Egypt
Organs Incidence (per 100 000 women) and incidence rate ratios
Crude* Crude urbanCrude ruralIRR (95% CI) ASWASW urban ASW ruralASW IRRASW US SEER (white)
6.07 (4.17, 8.85)
2.57 (2.03, 3.26)
3.11 (2.10, 4.59)
ASW, age-standardised to the world population; IRR, incidence rate ratio.
*Crude incidence rate.
Table 3. Overall and urban–rural age-specific incidence rates*, and urban-rural incidence rate ratios of uterine, ovarian and cervical cancers in
Gharbiah, Egypt
Age groups UterusOvary Cervix
Overall Urban RuralIRR (95% CI)Overall Urban RuralIRR (95% CI) Overall Urban RuralIRR (95% CI)
22.86 13.28 1.72 (1.08, 2.73)
26.49 10.21 2.59 (1.46, 4.61)
29.47 7.56 3.90 (1.62, 9.41)
0.59 2.02 (1.04, 3.93)
2.21 3.47 (1.84, 6.55)
5.75 2.14 (1.29, 3.55)
3.33 (0.80, 13.95)
1.75 (0.76, 4.03)
2.89 (1.39, 5.99)
3.81 (1.83, 7.95)
2.00 (0.61, 6.55)
3.50 (1.50, 8.17)
4.12 (2.19, 7.78)
5.59 (2.88, 10.85)
14.39 (4.24, 48.87)
IRR, incidence rate ratio.
*All incidence rates are per 100 000 women.
Urban–rural differences of gynaecological malignancies
ª 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª RCOG 2009 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Page 5
Table 4. Incidence rates* and incidence rate ratios of uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer by districts of Gharbiah, Egypt
Districts UterusOvary Cervix
IncidenceIRR (95% CI)IncidenceIRR (95% CI)Incidence IRR (95% CI)
Kafr El-Zayat
El Santa
4.14 (0.41, 42.04)
2.12 (0.17, 26.46)
1.47 (0.10, 21.78)
1.75 (0.13, 23.73)
0.42 (0.01, 19.27)
0.85 (0.04, 18.29)
1.70 (0.12, 23.36)
1.56 (0.45, 5.49)
0.89 (0.21, 3.71)
0.69 (0.15, 3.20)
0.55 (0.11, 2.85)
0.56 (0.11, 2.87)
1.02 (0.26, 4.06)
0.47 (0.08, 2.67)
11.31 (0.15, 867.37)
6.31 (0.07, 555.26)
3.92 (0.04, 414.13)
2.33 (0.02, 336.7)
5.85 (0.06, 527.23)
4.77 (0.05, 462.93)
6.79 (0.08, 584.62)
IRR, incidence rate ratio.
*All incidence rates are per 100 000 women.
Figure 1. Location of the eight districts of Gharbiah in the Nile Delta Region of Egypt, and the incidence of uterine cancer (per 100 000 women) by
Table 5. Incidence rates* and incidence rate ratios of female cancers by groups in Gharbiah, Egypt
Sites19992000 20012002Overall
Urban Rural IRR Urban Rural IRRUrban Rural IRRUrban Rural IRR Urban RuralIRR (95% CI)
Female leukaemia
All female cancers except
breast and uterus
All female cancer sites
Breast and uterus
96.98 34.44 2.82
3.12 2.225.04
96.67 33.53 2.88
2.67 1.89 6.77
96.91 36.25 2.67 103.71 35.91 2.89
2.55 2.656.30 2.83 2.236.26
98.61 35.05 2.81 (1.91, 4.14)
2.79 2.24 (0.55, 9.18)
175.70 48.83 3.60 170.48 47.54 3.59 171.03 53.25 3.21 185.91 51.24 3.63 175.84 50.24 3.50 (2.56, 4.79)
75.25 14.39 5.2372.73 14.09 5.1671.62 16.61 4.31 81.15 15.56 5.2275.22 15.17 4.96 (2.86, 8.61)
IRR, incidence rate ratio.
*All incidence rates are per 100 000 women.
Dey et al.
ª 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª RCOG 2009 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Page 6
followed by all female cancers except those with the most
pronounced hormonal aetiology (breast and uterus) (over-
all IRR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.91, 4.14). Finally, when we
included the cancer sites with hormonal aetiology, the
urban–rural incidence difference increased further (overall
IRR = 3.50, 95% CI = 2.56, 4.79). Looking at only hor-
monal cancer sites (breast and uterus), the urban–rural
incidence was much higher than any other cancer group
(overall IRR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.86, 8.61).
This study showed a higher incidence of uterine, ovarian and
cervical cancers in urban areas compared with rural areas in
the Gharbiah Province of Egypt. Furthermore, the most
striking finding was the almost six times higher incidence of
uterine cancer in urban areas than in rural areas of Gharbiah.
We also found a gradient of increasing urban–rural differ-
ence for all female cancers. Cancers such as leukaemia with
mainly genetic and some environmental risks (which will
likely lead to minimal differences between urban and rural
populations) had the lowest IRR, followed by the urban–
rural IRR seen for female cancers excepting cancers with
hormonal malignancies. On the inclusion of cancers with
hormonal malignancies in the group analyses, the IRR
increased by almost 70%. This urban–rural difference
increased further by 146% when we looked at only hormonal
cancers. In our previous studies we have found a three or
four times higher incidence of breast cancer and ER+ breast
cancer in urban areas of the Gharbiah Province.18These
urban–rural differences seen for breast cancer, in addition to
a six times higher incidence of uterine cancer in urban areas,
clearly show that women in urban areas experience a much
higher exposure to hormonal risk factors of cancers.
In preparation for fertilisation, the uterus undergoes
cyclical changes every month mainly under the influence of
estrogen. Thus, the endometrium, which is rich in estrogen
receptors, shows the highest proliferation rate during the
first 18 days of the menstrual cycle.22The 'unopposed
estrogens' hypothesis (long-term exposure to estrogens, not
counterbalanced by the presence of progesterone) is the
most widely accepted hypothesis on the aetiology of endo-
metrial cancer.22Given the fact that urban and rural
women in Egypt are genetically similar, and that most of
the risk factors of uterine cancer are environmental, it can
be inferred that urban women in Egypt have a higher expo-
sure to environmental estrogens compared with rural
women. It is clear from large surveys such as the Egyptian
Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) that in Egypt dif-
ferences in reproductive factors are not substantial between
urban and rural women.23For example, the total fertility
rate (TFR) for urban women and rural women is 2.7 and
3.0, respectively, in Lower Egypt (the area of Egypt in
which Gharbiah is located).23Also, as oral contraceptive
use (which is protective for uterine cancer, and is most
likely to be used by urban women) is quite low among
Egyptian women,23there are probably other environmental
estrogenic factors that are leading to the higher urban inci-
dence of uterine cancer.
The presence of and exposure to xenoestrogens are much
higher in urban areas than in rural areas, a fact that has
been seen in many populations across the world.8–14
Because of the high rate of development of the urban cen-
tres of Egypt, the exposure of women to xenoestrogens in
urban Egypt might be high. There have been very few stud-
ies looking at the effect of xenoestrogens on uterine cancer
in humans. However, animal studies show clearly that
xenoestrogens are quite capable of causing uncontrolled
uterine proliferation, usually through the same pathways by
which endogenous estrogens act.24,25There are more stud-
ies related to the link between breast cancer and xenoestro-
gens, and we have already hypothesised that the higher
urban incidence of breast cancer is possibly a result of a
higher exposure to xenoestrogens.17
Obesity is the other leading risk factor of uterine cancer
worldwide, and has been known to explain 40% of endo-
metrial cancerincidence.26
between urban and rural women in terms of obesity are
minimal, with urban and rural women having a mean body
mass index (BMI) of 31.2 and 30.4, respectively, in Lower
Egypt, according to EDHS.23Also, the percentage of obese
urban and rural women (as defined by a BMI ‡ 30) in
Lower Egypt was 56.4 and 50.6%, respectively.23Thus, dif-
ferences in BMI cannot possibly explain the large urban–
rural differences in uterine cancer incidence. It is also likely
that uterine bleeding, the only way in which uterine cancer
is detected, is much more easily detectable in urban areas.
However, primary healthcare coverage in rural Egypt is
100%,27and the remotest rural area in Gharbiah is not
more than 50 km away from the capital city of the prov-
ince. Thus, access to health care in Gharbiah is not too dif-
ferent between urban and rural areas. Also, the coverage of
the Gharbiah registry is quite high, and given the multiple
quality checks in the registry it is unlikely that many rural
cases are missed.
Nevertheless, we saw around a two times higher incidence
of ovarian cancer and leukaemia in urban areas, and a
almost three times higher incidence of cervical cancer in
urban areas in Gharbiah. Apart from differences in the
urban–rural distribution of risk factors, it is likely that there
might still be slight differences in healthcare access and
behaviour between urban and rural areas responsible for the
higher urban incidence of female cancers. In terms of aetiol-
ogy, ovarian cancer is not really a hormonally related can-
cer, as it is not under direct stimulatory effects of estrogen.
Ovarian cancer development is more related to risk factors
However, thedifferences
Urban–rural differences of gynaecological malignancies
ª 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª RCOG 2009 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Page 7
that lead to chronic inflammation, related to 'incessant ovu-
lation'.28,29Thus, the observation of a lack of any large
urban–rural differences with regards to ovarian cancer is
explainable. Cervical cancer on the other hand is a cancer
that is much more closely related to sexual behaviour than
other cancers.6The detection of cervical cancer is also
related to women's access to gynaecological clinics, and as
such a higher urban incidence is possible. However, cervical
cancer has a very low incidence in Egypt, and given the low
number of cases it is much more difficult to draw clear
inferences regarding this site in the context of our study.
Overall, in this study we found an approximately six
times higher incidence of uterine cancer in urban areas,
and, in addition, the evidence from our recent studies
showed an almost four times higher urban incidence of
breast cancer and ER+ breast cancer.18Thus, it is likely
that women in urban areas have a higher exposure to envi-
ronmental hormonal risk factors, possibly xenoestrogens.
This is especially the case in light of there being no sub-
stantial differences between urban and rural women with
regards to known risk factors of uterine and breast cancer.
Xenoestrogens are a preventable cause of cancer, and more
research at the individual level is required to clearly enu-
merate a possible association between xenoestrogens with
uterine and breast cancers.
Disclosure of interests
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
associated with this manuscript.
Contribution to authorship
SD contributed to the study design, data collection, data
analyses, writing and editing of the manuscript. AH, IAS,
KI, MR and HEH contributed to the data collection, study
execution and editing of the manuscript. MLW, PB, JH
and SDM contributed to the editing of the manuscript.
ASS contributed to the study design, study execution and
editing of the manuscript.
Details of ethics approval
The use of human subject data was approved by the Uni-
versity of Michigan Institutional Review Board on 13 May
2009 (reference no. HUM00020758).
This work was supported by the Middle East Cancer
Consortium, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda [R25
CA112383, R03 CA117350, 5 P30 CA46592], the Burroughs
Wellcome Fund (SDM) and the Breast Cancer Research
Foundation (SDM), a Block Grant of the Department of
Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public
Health and the Travel Grant of the Rackham Graduate
School of the University of Michigan (S Dey).
We are grateful to Dr H Gad, Mr K Daboos and other per-
sonnel of Tanta Cancer Center and Gharbiah Cancer Soci-
ety for the valuable assistance they provided for this
1 Honig SF. Incidence, trends and the epidemiology of breast cancer.
In: Edr. Spear SL, Associate edrs. Little JW, Lippman ME, Wood WC,
editors. Surgery of the Breast: Principles and Art. Philadelphia: Lip-
pincott-Raven; 1998. pp. 3–22.
2 La Vecchia C. Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a summary review.
Eur J Cancer Prev 2001;10:125–9.
3 Purdy DM, Green AC. Epidemiology of endometrial cancer. Best
Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2001;15:341–54.
4 Parkin DM, Whelan SL, Ferlay J, Teppo L, Thomas DB. Cancer Inci-
dence in Five Continents, Volume VIII. Lyon: International Agency for
Research on Cancer, 2002.
5 Boyle P, Levin B. World Cancer Report. Lyon: International Agency
for Research on Cancer, 2008.
6 Castellsague X. Natural history and epidemiology of HPV infection
and cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2008;110:S4–7.
7 Evans N. State of Evidence. What is the Connection Between Envi-
ronment and Breast Cancer? 2nd edn. San Francisco, CA: Breast
Cancer Fund and Breast Cancer Action, 2006.
8 Gouin T, Jantunen L, Harner T, Blanchard P, Bidleman T. Spatial and
temporal trends of chiral organochlorine signatures in Great Lakes
air using passive air samplers. Environ Sci Technol 2007;41:3877–83.
9 Kitada Y, Kawahata H, Suzuki A, Oomori T. Distribution of pesticides
and bisphenol A in sediments collected from rivers adjacent to coral
reefs. Chemosphere 2008;71:2082–90.
10 Zhang H, Chai Z, Sun H. Human hair as a potential biomonitor
for assessing persistent organic pollutants. Environ Int 2007;33:685–
11 Pentamwa P, Oanh NT. Levels of pesticides and polychlorinated
biphenyls in selected homes in the Bangkok metropolitan region,
Thailand. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1140:91–112.
12 Jafari A, Moeckel C, Jones KC. Spatial biomonitoring of persistent
organic pollutants in Iran: a study using locally produced butter. J
Environ Monit 2008;10:861–6.
13 Kumari B, Singh J, Singh S, Kathpal TS. Monitoring of butter and
ghee (clarified butter fat) for pesticidal contamination from cotton
belt of Haryana, India. Environ Monit Assess 2005;105:111–20.
14 Pant N, Shukla M, Kumar Patel D, Shukla Y, Mathur N, Kumar Gupta
Y, et al. Correlation of phthalate exposures with semen quality. Toxi-
col Appl Pharmacol 2008;231:112–6.
15 Soliman AS, Vulimiri SV, Kleiner HE, Shen J, Eissa S, Morad M, et al.
High levels of oxidative DNA damage in lymphocyte DNA of pre-
menopausal breast cancer patients from Egypt. Int J Environ Health
Res 2004;14:121–34.
16 Soliman AS, Wang X, DiGiovanni J, Eissa S, Morad M, Vulimiri S,
et al. Serum organochlorine levels and history of lactation in Egypt.
Environ Res 2003;92:110–17.
17 Dey S, Soliman AS, Merajver SD. Xenoestrogens may be the cause
of high and increasing rates of hormone receptor positive breast
cancer in the world. Med Hypotheses 2009;72:652–6.
18 Dey S, Soliman AS, Hablas A, Seifeldin IA, Ismail K, Ramadan M,
et al. Urban–rural differences in breast cancer incidence by hormone
receptor status across 6 years in Egypt. Breast Cancer Res Treat
Dey et al.
ª 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª RCOG 2009 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Page 8
19 Freedman LS, Edwards BK, Ries LAG, Young JL (eds). Cancer Inci-
dence in Four Member Countries (Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, and Jordan)
of the Middle East Cancer Consortium (MECC) compared with US
SEER. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, 2006 [NIH Pub. No.
20 Ibrahim AS, Ismail K, Hablas A, Hussein H, Elhamzawy H, Rama-
dan M (eds). Cancer in Egypt, Gharbiah. Triennial Report of
2000–2002. Tanta, Egypt: Gharbiah Population-Based Cancer Reg-
istry, 2007.
21 CAPMAS Reports. [www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pls/fdl/tst12e?
action=&lname=]. Accessed 17 November 2009.
22 Key TJ, Pike MC. The dose-effect relationship between 'unopposed'
oestrogens and endometrial mitotic rate: its central role in explaining
and predicting endometrial cancer risk. Br J Cancer 1988;57:205–
23 El-Zanaty F, Way A. Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2005.
Cairo, Egypt: Ministry of Health and Population, National Population
Council, El-Zanaty and Associates, and ORC Macro, 2006.
24 Papaconstantinou AD, Umbreit TH, Fisher BR, Goering PL, Lappas
NT, Brown KM. Bisphenol A-induced increase in uterine weight and
alterations in uterine morphology in ovariectomized B6C3F1 mice:
role of the estrogen receptor. Toxicol Sci 2000;56:332–39.
25 Goloubkova T, Ribeiro MFM, Rodrigues LP, Cecconello AL, Spritzer
PM. Effects of xenoestrogen bisphenol A on uterine and pituitary
weight, serum prolactin levels and immunoreactive prolactin cells in
ovariectomized Wistar rats. Arch Toxicol 2000;74:92–8.
26 Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Kurzer MS. Obesity, endogenous hormones,
and endometrial cancer risk: a synthetic review. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:1531–43.
27 EMRO, World Health Organization
[www.emro.who.int/emrinfo/index.asp?Ctry=egy]. Accessed: 18 Sep-
tember 2008.
28 Fathalla MF. Factors in the causation and incidence of ovarian can-
cer. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1972;27:751–68.
29 Casagrande JT, Louie EW, Pike MC, Roy S, Ross RK, Henderson BE.
'Incessant ovulation' and ovarian cancer. Lancet 1979;2:170–3.
Country Profiles. Egypt.
Urban–rural differences of gynaecological malignancies
ª 2009 The Authors Journal compilation ª RCOG 2009 BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology


text:
Best Weekend Getaway (2012)
Bahamas Express
Certainly, more glamorous destinations are within jetting distance, but a perfect escape excludes any trip that involves traffic on I-95 or getting felt up by a TSA agent. So, yay for us, a high-speed ferry to Grand Bahama Island debuted late last year. It's not exactly the Queen Mary, but it does have hardwood floors, a gift shop, and comfy lounge chairs. Regular tickets cost $75 each way, $50 each if you go there and back the same day, and kids under 6 travel free. Through a link from the Bahamas Express website, you can book a hotel stay. Once on the island, play golf, go snorkeling or fishing, shop for a nice straw hat, or swim with dolphins. Or call the tourist board at 242-352-8044 to get hooked up with a native Bahamian who shares your interests and will pal around with you for the day. That's a solid weekend trip for simple people. Sometimes all we need in life is a conch sandwich, a rum runner, and a new stamp in our passports.
More Sports & Recreation Awards
Best New ParkSnook Islands Natural Area
Best Place to Bird-WatchWakodahatchee Wetlands
Best Bait ShopAnglers Tackle
Best GymSynergize Crossfit


text:
A JavaScript manager and build tool for NodeJS & ExpressJS
The basic
The general structure of a web site during development stage is
/javascript * common JS files or AMD modules *
To make this structure production-ready we should
- compile *.less file into CSS
- compress all *.css files (and compiles *.less) into a unique CSS file
- compress all plain *.js files and AMD modules
In order to properly deploy new versions of these resources without worrying about cached files, it's a good idea to include the release version in the path of production files. Something like this
/css/min/<release_version>/ /* compressed css files */
/js/min/<release_version>/ /* compressed js files */
The release version is taken from package.json Sadly there's a drawback: since the *.css files changes relative path from development to production, it's not possible to use relative path inside css/less file to reference images
Configuring jackal-mappings
The file
module.exports = {
paths: {
...path object...
excludeJavascriptFromCheck: [
docJavascript: [
rootBasePath: 'myPath/',
cssBasePath: 'mypath/'
Each JavaScript file path is relative to the folder of the project. For example, for the project located at /web/myproject, file javascript located at /web/project/javascript/myfile.js must be written as 'javascript/myfile.js'
- docJavascript: list of JavaScript files to be scanned for automatic doc generation
- excludeJavascriptFromCheck: exclude this list of JavaScript files from JSHint checking (for example third party files)
- rootBasePath: to be used if the front end files are located inside a directory which is mapped into the root of the web server (for example the '/public' of NodeJS)
- cssBasePath: to be used if the root of files referenced in the CSS files in production is different (remember, no relative path in CSS file since they are relocated). Suppose inside CSS there are path like /img/myimage.png but all static files will be upladed to a S3 bucket http://s3.amazonaws.com/my_bucket/. The right parameter will be "my_bucket/"
Path object
This object describe


text:
Auction Sam's Club (not spam)
karenmamoSeptember 3, 2007
I love to read your money saving tips and ideas.
More than three years ago I found Sam's auctions online.
If you have a membership card, you can bid on items. You will need some sort of credit/debit card to bid.
The values are great.
Sams clubs do not have sales. All extra merchandise goes into their online auctions.
Things I have purchased: Shoes,rugs, pet treats, lightbulbs, painter tape, electrical cords, bungees, kitchen goods--pans, dishes, cutlery,etc. clothes, sheets, pillows,
.....this list is too long to continue.
You will pay about a third of the asking price.
Items are delivered to you.
If anything is broken it is free to ship back and they reimburse you.
Just wanted to pass this on to the rest of you.


text:
Nov 11, 2012 at 04:38PM EST
1. The "bleblebleblebleble noise" refers to making any sound sound like a musical note. It can be found in your latest video, "PSY's Gourmet Race". If you still don't understand, then don't worry.
2. I felt bored, I lack all the material and knowledge required in creating MADs, and I would like to see something local being created as a MAD video.
3. Good question. Perhaps Snow Storm:
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text:
Negotiating parties split on Likud push to increase number of ministers
US 'disappointed UN rights council continues to single out Israel'
WATCH LIVE: Israel's ambassador to UN addresses Security Council on Mideast minorities
'Netanyahu has burned his bridges with Black Democrats'
*New Worlds: The brain's 3D compass*
*IQ is not enough – develop your EQ, too*
Health Ministry: Watch those eggs
Elusive answer to length of Saturn's day reached with TAU, Weizmann team
Eco Wave Power to establish its first Chinese power station
Watch: Technion students recreate Passover story with robots
Noble Energy walks away from Ruth C exploration license
Cyber Chief: 8% of ministry budgets should go to cyber security
Concert review: IPO
Eytan's Fox's 'Cupcakes' opening in New York
Raw Romanian underground sounds
Texas artists exhibit in Israel
Bruised yellow-and-blue looks ahead after Real blow
Israeli figure skater Bychenko places world championships
Soccer: Israel trounced by Wales in key qualifier
Scuffling Maccabi must dig deep on road at group leader Real
Four-day march for Beduin rights led by Knesset's Joint List approaches Jerusalem
Serry: Time to replace 242 with new 'peace architecture'
Dalya Lemkus' terrorist murderer sentenced to 2 life prison terms
Terror attack thwarted after bomb found near Hebron's Cave of the Patriarchs
Amnesty International charges Palestinians with war crimes during Gaza conflict
French company quits Jerusalem cable car project
German party's petition to recognize Palestinian state 'won't pass'
Limmud FSU marks Auschwitz liberation with emotional exhibition
Toulouse rabbi told to remove kippah at voting station
Spain close to granting citizenship to relatives of Jews expelled in 1492
Movie mogul Harvey Weinstein urges Jews to kick anti-Semites 'in the ass'
Reporter's Notebook: In Mariupol, a war only minutes away
Analysis: To confront Iran's jingoism and domestic repression, change its regime
US, EU welcome Israeli decision to transfer Palestinian tax funds
Report: Iranian journalist defects to Switzerland while covering nuclear talks
Discussing Iran's four paths to the bomb, US prioritizes one above all
Abbas tells Arab League: Israel election results prove it doesn't want peace
Slavery matters
The US must confront Tehran: Achieving cooperation through coercion
Airbus A320 plane crash highlights outdated black box technology
Letters to the editor
Viable solutions for affordable housing
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The turning point
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Book Review: Perceptive Haggada
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Shabbat screenings
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On the field and in court
Happily Eva After: Times, they are a-interestin'
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A nuclear deal with Iran – would it stick?
When words matter and when they don't
Countering Iran and IS – Muslims take action
'מְלָגוֹת 'צוּק אֵיתָן
עוֹלִים חֲדָשִים
כּוּלָם רוֹצִים לִחְיוֹת
יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּמַבָּט פָּנוֹרָמִי
Getting a young start
A culinary festival starring the women next door
Global girl power
Apartheid South Africa: Israel edition
Sa'ar says national unity government is 'still on the table'
Israeli parties prepare legislative demands for Netanyahu's new coalition
With full term possible, Netanyahu may outlast Ben-Gurion (and Obama)
Arab sector turnout for recent elections reached 63.5%, polling data shows
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French Students Get to Know the Real Israel
Serbian PM Plants a Tree in the Grove of Nations
Sharing and Learning - German Forestry Students Intern with KKL-JNF
Israel and Finland Connect through the Environment
New Bio-filters Purify Surface Runoff Water for Reuse
Future Tour Guides Discover the Negev with KKL-JNF
The Shamir Drilling Project
Graduation Ceremony for Rosh HaAyin's Volunteer Firefighters
From Sunny Israel to Cold Canada
Walking for Water with KKL France in the Mountains of Eilat
JNF Ontario Community Mission Tours the Western Negev
Celebrating 50 Years of German-Israeli Diplomatic Relations
The Negev Conference on Agricultural Research and Development
Arava Open Day: Food Security for Israel and the Entire World
Living Green in Israel: the Contest and the Winners
Addressing Climate Change Conference
From Think Tank to Environmental Consultant
Award Winning Designer Launches Career as Wedding Dressmaker
Outdoor Fitness Israel: An Innovative Fitness Program Developed By UK Olim
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5 Tips to Land a Job in Israel
Starting Your Own Business in Israel: Real Life Examples
5 Strategies for Finding Your Professional Place in Israel
PetBNB:An Olah's Unusual Canine Startup
36 Hours in Southern Israel
Food Shopping In Israel
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Why Retirees are Thriving in Israel
Thanks to Aliyah video
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Starting Over in Israel
VIDEO: Are you ready for the South?
Sovev Tel Aviv, Israel's Largest Biking Event
Running Through Color
Formula 1 Racecars Zip Through Jerusalem
Make yourself at home… in Israel
NBN Announces Bonei Zion Prize Recipients for 2015
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How Doctors Are Impacting Israel's South
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Slavery matters
The US must confront Tehran: Achieving cooperation through coercion
Airbus A320 plane crash highlights outdated black box technology
Letters to the editor
Viable solutions for affordable housing
Analysis: Republicans must galvanize conservative base by rallying around Israel
Into the Fray: It's Arab enmity – not Arab ethnicity
My Word: Safe and unsound
Parting Shot: Tentative steps
Restarting the US-Israel relationship depends on Palestinians too
Column One: Managing Obama's war against Israel
March 27: Spy vs spy
02/24/2014 22:56
Angela Merkel and Netanyahu meet in Israel.
(photo credit:AMOS BEN GERSHOM, GPO)
German Chancellor Angela Merkel arrived Monday with a whopping 16 of her ministers for a meeting being billed as the largest-ever bilateral consultation between Israeli and German governments. This is not just a precursor to next year's marking of 50 years of relations between Israel and Germany. It is also a gesture of the present German government's commitment to the Jewish state.There have been tense moments between Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and Merkel, but exclusively on a single issue: Israeli policies vis-a-vis the Palestinians. In February 2011, for instance, when Germany voted in favor of a UN Security Council resolution condemning settlements beyond the Green Line, Netanyahu telephoned Merkel to express his disappointment. Merkel responded angrily, according to media reports, "You haven't made a single step to advance peace."In December 2012, Germany's abstention from a UN General Assembly vote to grant Palestinians "nonmember observer status" further hurt relations.And just over a week ago, Martin Schulz, German president of the European Parliament, erroneously criticized Israel for creating a situation in which water allotment to Palestinians living in the West Bank was just a quarter of what was provided for Jewish settlers.In large part, German governments' opposition to Israeli policies on the West Bank is a reflection of domestic politics.A recent BBC poll showed that only 14 percent of Germans today had a positive view of Israel.For their part, many Israeli politicians have taken the liberty of singling out for derision German statements and actions against settlements in Judea and Samaria. In the eyes of many Israelis, Germany's Holocaust legacy disqualifies the Germans from expressing anything but wholehearted support for whatever policies a given Israeli government chooses to pursue.The attack on Schulz launched by Netanyahu and Bayit Yehudi head Naftali Bennett, for instance, was undoubtedly fueled by the knowledge that lashing out at a German politician who dared to criticize Israel in the Knesset – and in the German language at that – would be received well by Israelis, who tend to harbor anti-German sentiments. Savvy politicians know that it is politically advantageous to create tension between Berlin and Jerusalem, because it plays well to the local crowd.Instead of caving in to populism, however, both sides – Israel and Germany – need to tone down the rhetoric and try harder to adopt a clear-eyed view of indisputable realities.Israeli politicians need to realize that while Germany might be critical of settlements, the country has grappled with its despicable past and has made sincere efforts to do the impossible: make amends for the atrocities of the Holocaust.After the US, Germany is probably Israel's greatest ally.Merkel, sensitive to Israel's security needs, has continued the delivery of second-strike nuclear-capable submarines. She has gone to great lengths to defend Israel's right of defense against Gaza-based Hamas aggression in Operation Cast Lead and Operation Pillar of Defense. Germany is Israel's third-largest trading partner after the US and China. And German officials have spoken out against boycott, divestment and sanctions campaigns.Germany, meanwhile, should realize that settlements are not the sole or even primary obstacle to peace in the region.Palestinian intransigence in negotiations, incitement in the media and in schools and refusal to come to terms with a Jewish state are no less central obstacles to peace.Merkel, as a European leader who truly appreciates Israel's unique challenges, has an important role in getting this message across to the German public. Instead of being dragged into the populist European approach to the conflict which is hypercritical of Israel, Merkel can present a more nuanced account that includes criticism of the self-destructive dynamics of Palestinian politics as well as settlements.Indeed, some think that disproportionate criticism of Israel in Europe is sometimes fueled by guilt about the Holocaust.The best way to expiate oneself of past crimes is by turning the tables and blaming one's former victims of becoming the new victimizers.Israelis need to realize that Germany is a true friend, proved yet again by Merkel's unprecedented gesture of bringing her cabinet to Israel for a government-to-government meeting. Meanwhile, Germans should combat the tendency among Europeans to single out Israel for special criticism
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text:
OPINION: Dreamcatchers made in China a misguided effort
Anthropologists say it was probably the Ojibwe among Native American peoples who came up with the idea of a "dreamcatcher" — a hoop strung with webbing — to snare the bad dreams so that a sleeper would only have good dreams. Wherever it began, that idea has since been widely embraced by Plains Indian tribes such as the Lakota.
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It is with great sadness that we learned of the passing of Leon G. Kusnetzky. As a long-time champion of credit unions and the credit union movement, he had inspired many within the community. He will be remembered for his commitment and dedication.
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Part of Child Maintenance and Other Payments Bill – in a Public Bill Committee at 11:30 am on 24th July 2007.
Question accordingly negatived.
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Check out the new, mobile-friendly WineSpectator.com!
September 15, 1997 Huge Aussie Winery's California Future Seven Peaks, the new joint venture involving high-profile Australian and Californian interests, has released its first wine, a 1996 Chardonnay from California priced at $12.
For the full article, check out the new issue of Wine Spectator, on newsstands September 15, 1997.
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"Fantastic Listen"
Yes, this was an entertaining audiobook. It kept me interested the whole way through. Good character development, charming dialogue and great narrator.
"Very Entertaining Listen"
This audiobook is definitely worth the credit. An interesting mystery, charming characters and witty dialogue.
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


text:
The Which Musician Am I? Test
Their result for The Which Musician Am I? Test ...
Jimi Hendrix
39 depth, 27 controversy ,35 talent
Their Analysis (Vertical line = Average)
They scored 39% on deepness, higher than 85% of your peers.
They scored 27% on controversy, higher than 84% of your peers.
They scored 35% on musicianship, higher than 83% of your peers.
All possible test results
John Lennon
You obviously have better things to do. Sleep your day away sometimes, other times drug it up. Who knows? Who cares? Read more
Nick Drake
Poor old Nick, he was arguably too nice for his own good. A clever musician and soulful songwriter. You seem to have similar qualities, and that's by no means a bad thing. Read more
Adam Devlin
A prodigious, technically sublime guitarist. Doesn't make mistakes but is perhaps not all that flamboyant. Despite your skills and your undeniable amiability you may be destined never to receive the r... Read more
Liam Gallagher
Bit of a tough guy ey? Fair enough. You're probably quite popular and can probably drink quite a lot. Try to keep out of trouble though. It's for your own good. Read more
John Bonham
A good helping of talent and a bit of an edge, you are most like John Bonham. Loving the hair. Read more
Jonny Greenwood
Little short of a musical genius. Created several totally different yet brilliant albums and composes great orchestral pieces. Says very little but doesn't need to. Good on ya. Read more
Sounds like you're more likely to slap someone than do anything useful. Read more
Arthur Lee
Oooh you wild man. I'd tell you to calm down but it's a bit too dangerous. Read more
Jack White
Quite the hardman if newspaper reports are to be believed but created an incredible unique and raw rock/blues fusion and is quite the talented musician. Focus your talents my son. Read more
Thom Yorke
Bizarre political activist, pacifist and undeniably cool in a strange and somewhat geeky way. Don't be afraid, others are with you! Read more
Elliott Smith
Enigmatic songwriter, generally unappreciated. I wish you well. Read more
Jeff Buckley
Incredible songwriter and touchingly soulful. Jeff was a great person, and so are you it seems. Read more
Richey Edwards
The ultimate mystery. A mixed-up enigma, you must be one hell of a hard person to understand. Read more
Neil Young
Canadian rock God Neil young is still going and still the epic powerhouse that made him famous. You have an old soul with a bit of an all-round flair for things. Read more
John Squire
A very intelligent and exceptionally talented individual. Probably the greatest guitarist since Hendrix but has a lot more to him than just that. If you are anything like Squire then feel free to take... Read more
Kurt Cobain
An icon for the misunderstood angst-ridden souls. It's fair to say he made some questionable decisions but who hasn't? You probably have quite a lot of substance to you but maybe you aren't sure how t... Read more
Bob Dylan
What can you say about Bob Dylan? Spawned so much great music. Legendary. Read more
Jimi Hendrix
Probably the greatest musician of the modern age, Hendrix had his fair share of incidents and certainly lived a fast life. You certainly don't need any of my advice. Read more
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Little ones are adorable although self-absorbed. They don't automatically understand the feelings of others. Books can open their hearts to understanding feelings and building compassion for others hat can increase as they grow and continue reading.
For young children
Read a book about feelings and talk about the expressions in the pictures. Try to mimic the facial expressions. Talk about times the child has had a similar experience r feeling.
Preschoolers and early elementary ages
Children start engaging in stories and can begin to identify with a character. Chat about a character in a book. Ask how your child thinks the character feels and why. Do they know what the character believes? What are the problems and solutions?
Older children
It's great for children who read fluently to read books like Helen Keller and the story of Louis Braille. They can discover how people overcame struggles and handicaps. It's also good to read books that reflect diversity, different regions of the US, and different circumstances. These provide opportunities for children to broaden their viewpoint and understand differences as well as similar struggles.It's good to read some of the books together and discuss the emotional aspects.
Books provide lots of material for conversations and open minds to understanding people, cultures, and emotions.


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Simon Cowell, YouTube Launching 'The You Generation' Talent Contest
Simon Cowell has taken over television screens and radio airwaves around the world. Now he's taking aim at the Internet.
Cowell's Syco Entertainment empire and YouTube are launching The You Generation, a global online talent contest seeking entries from people with "unconventional and original talents" -- from musicians and photographers to makeup artists, magicians and chefs.
PHOTOS: Inside Simon Cowell's 'X Factor' Trailer
Syco says the contest, which starts this month and is due to run for a year, will seek auditions in a different category of talent every two weeks. Entrants can upload their pieces on a dedicated YouTube channel, to be viewed by the public and judged by professionals associated with Syco.
There will be prizes -- exactly what they are has yet to be announced -- every fortnight and a grand prize at the end of the year.
PHOTOS: An 'American Idol' to 'X Factor' Timeline
Syco is a joint venture between Sony Music and Cowell, the entertainment mogul who became a household name as an acerbic judge on TV talent shows. Syco's projects include the X Factor and Got Talent TV shows in the U.S. and Britain, and its music acts range from Susan Boyle to One Direction. You Generation will be available in 15 languages and 26 countries around the world.
In separate Cowell news, the entrepreneurial-minded Cowell debuted a new cooking-contest show Wednesday on the U.K.'s ITV called Food Glorious Food, which was met with a lukewarm reception. With a reported viewership of 2.7 million, the program had the least-watched launch for any of Cowell's shows.
Twitter: @Billboard
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Awesome Baltimore will be announcing a grant winner at the beginning of April 2015! If you submitted an application after Oct 10th, 2014, you do not need to reapply (as we haven't selected any winners from applications received after that date yet).
Interested in joining our super rad Board of Trustees? You can serve full-time or guest on a one-time basis! Apply here!