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U.S. Department of Energy | Office of Environmental Management RECOVERY.GOV American Recovery & Reinvestment Newsletter December 2010 | Issue 19 Our attention has shifted to finishing strong by completing the remaining challenges on budget and on schedule. John Eschenberg, Assistant Manager for Environ- mental Management in Oak Ridge In November 2010, workers demolished the west portion of the 2000 Complex at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge Strives for Strong "Although we are proud of the progress and suc- cess made over the past 20 months, our attention Finish to Recovery Act Projects has shifted to finishing strong by completing the remaining challenges on budget and on sched- ule," said John Eschenberg, Assistant Manager OAK RIDGE, Tenn. – With all of the Oak Ridge Office Environ- for Environmental Management in Oak Ridge. mental Management (EM) program's $755 million in American Oak Ridge National Laboratory is one of the busiest sites for Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds obligated to 36 proj- Recovery Act work. In November 2010, workers took down the ects, the division is now focused on successfully completing west portion of the 2000 Complex, where radiological stud- the site's remaining work by September 2011. ies had once been conducted. And this month, workers have The past 20 months have seen a noticeable transformation in already removed three of the 34 facilities planned for demoli- Oak Ridge's skyline following the demolition of several build- tion in the Lab's central campus. Eliminating these hazardous ings used in the Manhattan Project and the Cold War. More or unused facilities makes the Lab safer and clears the way significant changes are coming in the months ahead as Re- for future development. covery Act workers tear down facilities at the Oak Ridge Na- Work is also under way to remove hot cells, or specially tional Laboratory, Y-12 National Security Complex, and the shielded work areas, that remain after the demolition of Build- East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP). A notable 1.4 million ing 3026, a facility that once processed radioisotopes. The , square feet of facilities will be demolished at ETTP which was Recovery Act is funding the remediation of contaminated soil originally built as a uranium enrichment facility. and groundwater throughout Oak Ridge. The 4,000-gallon Tank Continued on page 12 December 2010 Issue 19 Contributors Jessica Anderson Joe Campbell Sandy Childers Maren Disney Andrew Gabel An aerial view shows the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Central Campus. Casey Gadbury Albes Gaona Cameron Hardy Newsletter Details Ongoing and Susan Heston Patti Jones Upcoming Recovery Act Projects John N. Lindsay Lee McGetrick Paivi Nettamo Angela Ramsey In this December issue, EM Recovery News delivers a comprehensive report on Rob Roxburgh continuing and future projects funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The DOE Office of Environmental Management received $6 billion for environ- Bobby St. John mental cleanup around the DOE complex. The Recovery Act investment is reducing Catherine Thomas the footprint of the Manhattan Project and the Cold War while creating and retain- Joe Walker ing jobs and spurring economic activity. Throughout this issue, EM Recovery News Ben Williams highlights milestones Recovery Act workers will reach by September 2011. In the months ahead, they will demolish buildings once used for uranium enrichment at Oak Ridge, decommission former nuclear production reactors at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, and ship transuranic waste to the DOE's Waste Isola- tion Pilot Plant where it can be safely and permanently disposed. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management http://www.em.doe.gov 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 2 | EM Recovery Act Newsletter OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL p. 1 MANAGEMENT Oak Ridge Strives for Strong Finish to Recovery Act Projects E M Environmental Management safety performance cleanup closure p. 4 Recovery Act workers construct a slit trench to dispose low-level waste at Recovery Act Workers Save Money, the Savannah River Site. p. 6 Time in Paducah Site Demolitions Savannah River Site Retires Reactors, Ships Waste in E Remaining Recovery Act Work M Environmental Management safety performance cleanup closure Workers Clean Up Land, Remove Recovery Act Upgrades Advance Waste Waste in Hanford Site Recovery Act Tank Closures at Savannah p. 5 Projects .................................... page 8 River Site ................................ page 12 Recovery Act Funds Spur Cleanup Recovery Act Program Changes the Face Recovery Act Workers Reduce of Additional Transuranic Waste Sites of Hanford's Tank Farms ............. page 9 Contaminant Levels Sharply in Portsmouth Site 'Big Dig'.......... page 14 Argonne Recovery Act Workers Remove Waste, Demolish Cold War Legacy Idaho Site Tackles Recovery Act Work Buildings................................. page 10 to Help Protect Aquifer, Meet State Requirements .......................... page 16 Recovery Act Kicks NNSS Cleanup into High Gear ............. page 11 p. 7 Los Alamos National Laboratory Nears Completion on Recovery Act Projects Recovery Act workers at Savannah River Site (SRS) in Jaunary 2010 prepare to remove the dome from the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor, which had been used to test experimental fuel assemblies for commercial heavy-water power reactors until 1964. SRS is decommis- sioning the reactor as part of its Recovery Act work. Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities "We saved money on the smelter project by executing work more efficiently and with smaller crews," said Rob Seifert, Recovery Act Project Manager at Pa- ducah. "We plan to do the same with the Feed Plant Complex." Workers will clean up and demolish two areas of the Feed Plant Complex, which spans nine facilities covering nearly 200,000 square feet. The complex op- erated from 1957 to 1977, during which time uranium hexafluoride and fluorine were manufactured there. The estimated $18 million Recovery Act project at the Feed Plant is challenging and unique because it is being done in the middle of the nation's only gaseous diffusion plant that is still in operation, Seifert said. To address that challenge, the Paducah Site completed additional evaluation and documentation to ensure decontamination and demolition activi- ties wouldn't impact ongoing operations at the plant. Other Recovery Act funding is helping clean up and prepare C-340, known as the metals plant, for demolition. Built in the mid-1950s and operated off and on until 1973, the complex converted depleted uranium hexafluoride to ura- nium metal, as well as uranium oxides and metal. About half of the more than 100,000 cubic feet of systems waste has been removed and packaged for disposition. A Recovery Act worker saws a bolt loose so that a motor can be removed from the Feed Plant, which operated from 1957 to 1977. Uranium hexafluoride and fluorine Maintenance mechanic Jason Cochran were manufactured there. helped remove 23,000 cubic feet of pip- ing, equipment and contaminants such Recovery Act Workers Save Money, as asbestos during initial Feed Plant cleanup so that part of the complex could Time in Paducah Site Demolitions be torn down. Nearly 47,000 cubic feet of additional waste awaits removal. "There is a feeling of accomplishment PADUCAH, Ky. – Having saved millions of dollars cleaning up and tearing down an seeing things cleaned up," Cochran old smelter in September 2010, Recovery Act workers at the Paducah Site are mov- said. "My crew and I are proud of that." ing on to demolish other closed facilities by September 2011. Cochran, a member of United Steelwork- With the East End Smelter gone — about a year ahead of schedule and $10 million ers Local 550, works for LATA Environ- under budget — these savings are being reinvested to further accelerate Paducah's mental Services of Kentucky, LLC, DOE's existing Recovery Act projects. The site received about $80 million from the Re- Paducah cleanup contractor. covery Act. 4 | EM Recovery Act Newsletter ARGONNE | BROOKHAVEN | ETEC | HANFORD | IDAHO | LANL | MOAB | MOUND | NNSS Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities WIPP, which is located about 25 miles from Carlsbad, will open two new ship- ping routes next summer to accommo- date the jump in Recovery Act-funded waste shipments, bringing the total number of routes to nine. One new route will originate in New York, the other in Pennsylvania. CBFO meets with local and state of- ficials regarding proposed routes, and conducts road shows in which mem- bers of a community can ask questions and view the trucks and transportation casks used for WIPP shipments. DOE also offers training to personnel Workers load drums of contact-handled transuranic waste into a TRUPACT-II in fields such as law enforcement and shipping container. public works to respond to potential in- cidents involving the waste shipments. WIPP has trained more than 26,000 emer- Recovery Act Funds Spur Cleanup gency response professionals along the routes to respond effectively in the event of Additional Transuranic Waste Sites of an accident. Transuranic waste shipments are tracked CARLSBAD, N.M. – Recovery Act funds Mexico, where it is disposed in rooms by satellite and monitored around the will speed the cleanup of transuranic mined out of an ancient salt formation clock from a secure control center at waste generated by past defense activi- more than 2,100 feet below the surface. . WIPP Designated federal, state and Trib- ties at five Cold War legacy sites by Sep- In some cases, contact-handled trans- al officials can monitor shipments. tember 2011. uranic waste is sent to the Idaho Nation- al Laboratory to ensure it meets WIPP's Transuranic waste will be removed from disposal criteria before it is shipped to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory WIPP for permanent disposal. in California, Sandia National Labora- tories in New Mexico, Argonne National WIPP received $172 million from the Laboratory in Illinois, Bettis Atomic Pow- Recovery Act to expedite the cleanup er Laboratory in Pennsylvania, and NRD of legacy transuranic waste around the LLC in New York. DOE complex. Those sites will join three others where The WIPP Central Characterization Proj- Members of the public gather for a Waste Recovery Act funds accelerated the ect has begun characterizing the waste Isolation Pilot Plant road show in Gray, Tenn., completion of small-quantity transura- at some of the sites, and plans to deploy in April 2010, in preparation for a new route nic waste cleanup: General Electric Val- equipment for characterization activi- opening along Interstate 81. lecitos Nuclear Center and Lawrence ties at the remaining sites in the weeks Livermore National Laboratory Site 300 ahead. All waste must be certified under in California, and the Nevada National strict requirements for disposal at WIPP. To date, WIPP has safely received more Security Site. In all, approximately 300 than 9,200 shipments of transuranic cubic meters of transuranic waste will "Recovery Act funding has enabled us waste that have traveled nearly 11 mil- be cleaned up at the eight sites. to mobilize additional teams to increase lion miles. More than 139,000 contain- the amount of waste that is character- ers of contact-handled and remote-han- A byproduct of the nation's nuclear de- ," ized for disposal at WIPP said Carlsbad dled transuranic waste containers have fense programs, transuranic waste is Field Office (CBFO) Recovery Act Federal been safely disposed at WIPP. contaminated with radioactive elements Project Director Casey Gadbury. "The that have atomic numbers greater than cleanup of these and other small-quan- uranium. The waste is shipped to the tity sites has been accelerated because Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New of the available Recovery Act funds." OAK RIDGE | PADUCAH | PORTSMOUTH | SAVANNAH RIVER | SLAC | SPRU | WEST VALLEY | WIPP EM Recovery Act Newsletter | 5 Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Workers prepare for roof modifications on portions of P Reactor at Savannah River Site that are expected to remain after facility decon- tamination and demolition efforts. Savannah River Site Retires • Decommissioning of P and R reac- tors. As part of the decommission- Reactors, Ships Waste in ing, workers will use grout to seal portions of the reactors' associ- Remaining Recovery Act Work ated buildings, vessels, and the water-collection basin that support- ed the P Reactor. The vessels and AIKEN, S.C. – Workers will decommis- Major Recovery Act projects remaining remaining basin structures will be sion nuclear materials production re- for SRS and its management and oper- permanently sealed with caps. actors, improve groundwater contami- ating contractor, Savannah River Nucle- nation treatment, and remove a large amount of legacy defense-related waste ar Solutions, include: We are proud of our in the nine months that remain of the • Transuranic waste shipments for accomplishments disposal. Recovery Act workers will $1.6 billion Recovery Act Program at the Savannah River Site (SRS). dispose approximately 4,100 cubic as we approach this meters of legacy transuranic waste. leg of the Recov- "We are proud of our accomplishments As of November 2010, SRS Recov- as we approach this leg of the Recovery ery Act workers disposed about ery Act Program at Act Program at SRS," DOE-Savannah Riv- 900 cubic meters of the waste. SRS. er Manager Dr. David Moody said. "Team- SRS will dispose a total of 5,000 work and planning have paid off. At this cubic meters of legacy transuranic DOE-Savannah River Man- stage, we are finding many projects both waste before the end of the Recov- ager Dr. David Moody under budget and ahead of schedule." ery Act Program. Continued on page 12 6 | EM Recovery Act Newsletter ARGONNE | BROOKHAVEN | ETEC | HANFORD | IDAHO | LANL | MOAB | MOUND | NNSS Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Los Alamos National Laboratory Nears Completion on Recovery Act Projects LOS ALAMOS, N.M. – Sixteen months after receiving $212 Recovery Act workers have installed all 16 groundwater moni- million from the Recovery Act, Los Alamos National Labora- toring wells and decontaminated and demolished all 24 build- tory has completed one major environmental remediation ings at the Lab's Technical Area 21 (TA-21), many of which project and is wrapping up another one in the weeks ahead. were built in the 1940s and served various uses during the Manhattan Project and Cold War eras. Remaining work at TA- The third and final piece of the Recovery Act work — excava- 21 includes removing concrete slabs and other waste left by tion of the Lab's oldest waste disposal site — is expected to the demolitions. be finished in early 2011. Excavation of about 22,000 cubic yards of soil is under way That's good news to the Lab's Recovery Act Program officials, at the Material Disposal Area B (MDA-B), which was used from who attribute the successful project execution to the Lab's pre- 1944 to 1948. Workers are conducting the excavation in sev- paredness for Recovery Act work and a productive workforce. eral sturdy metal enclosures to ensure safety. "We were ready to go when the Recovery Act funding became Few records exist that indicate what types of materials were available and ramped up quickly," said Recovery Act Program disposed in the six-acre landfill. The excavation team mem- Director Bruce Schappell. "Thanks to the skill and hard work bers initially needed to know whether the site contained of our personnel, this work was accomplished quickly, safely clothing and equipment contaminated with plutonium, or and efficiently." shock-sensitive chemical canisters, among other things. To address those concerns and respond safely, they studied 87 core samples from the site, researched documents and inter- viewed people who used to work there. That research took a year, and has proven helpful. "Despite the challenges posed by the excavation of the World War II landfill, we are on track to complete our last Recovery Act project safely and efficiently," Schappell said. A large portion of TA-21 includes the DP West Site, the world's first industrial plutonium processing facility. Recov- ery Act workers demolished all 14 buildings at the DP West Site, which reduced the Lab's footprint by more than 100,000 square feet. "Recovery Act funding allowed us to accelerate cleanup of these legacy sites, drill groundwater monitoring wells, and provide environmental and economic benefits to northern New Mexico," Schappell said. Building 21-150 was the final building demolished at Los Alamos National Laboratory's historic DP West, which was the world's only plutonium processing facility immediately following World War II. OAK RIDGE | PADUCAH | PORTSMOUTH | SAVANNAH RIVER | SLAC | SPRU | WEST VALLEY | WIPP EM Recovery Act Newsletter | 7 Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Workers Clean Up Land, complex, where plutonium extracted in a liquid form was processed into a solid Remove Waste in Hanford form, consists of more than 60 build- ings. Workers are decontaminating and cleaning the buildings to prepare the Site Recovery Act Projects complex for demolition in 2013. Hanford's U Plant was used in the 1950s to recover uranium from waste RICHLAND, Wash. – The Richland Oper- buffer to protect Hanford's defense pro- generated in the plutonium extraction ations Office plans to clean large tracts duction facilities but no reactor facilities process. Recovery Act funding is prepar- of land used in previous military opera- were built there. Workers are removing ing the U Plant for a first-of-its-kind can- tions, remove legacy waste and fuels piles of miscellaneous debris as part of yon demolition project to occur in 2012. from underground storage, and prepare the cleanup. Five ancillary facilities totaling more complexes associated with plutonium than 53,000 square feet have been de- and uranium processing for demolition The Arid Lands Ecology Reserve, locat- molished surrounding the canyon while as the Hanford Site's $1.6 billion Recov- ed on the eastern flank of Rattlesnake the large cells inside the canyon are ery Act projects come to close in Sep- Mountain, was formerly a site that sup- prepared to be filled with grout. tember 2011. ported anti-aircraft defense for the U.S. Workers are accelerating cleanup of legacy waste and fuels. Thanks to Re- covery Act funding, Hanford was able to continue shipments of transuranic waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico for permanent disposal. Transuranic waste is contaminated with radioactive elements that have atomic numbers greater than uranium. Setting the stage for future cleanup at the site, the Recovery Act is accelerating the construction of the 200 West Ground- water Treatment Facility by five years, from 2016 to 2011. The largest pump- and-treat system constructed at Hanford will expand and enhance groundwater treatment for years to come. The groundwater treatment capacity across the Hanford Site in early 2009 was 35 million gallons per month. Treat- Workers demolish an ancillary facility near the U Plant processing canyon. They have ment systems were expanded to bring removed five facilities – more than 53,000 square feet – to clear the way for a first-of- that total to 50 million gallons per its-kind canyon demolition project, on target to begin in 2012. month by July 2009. Three new treatment systems are under Recovery Act workers will reduce the Army, telephone and radio communi- construction, with two of those funded cleanup footprint of the 586-square- cations, and environmental research. by the Recovery Act. The 200 West sys- mile Hanford Site by 40 percent, or ap- Cleanup of the reserve is nearly com- tem will add approximately 100 million proximately 290 square miles, through plete with more than 33,000 square gallons per month of treatment capac- the removal of structures and debris feet of facilities demolished. ity. These three new treatment systems on the North Slope and Arid Lands across the Hanford Site will quadruple Ecology Reserve. Near the center of the Hanford Site, or current treatment capacity of 50 million the Central Plateau, two building com- gallons per month to about 200 million On the outermost edge of the Hanford plexes are being prepared for demo- gallons per month. Site, the North Slope was used as a lition. The Plutonium Finishing Plant 8 | EM Recovery Act Newsletter ARGONNE | BROOKHAVEN | ETEC | HANFORD | IDAHO | LANL | MOAB | MOUND | NNSS Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Recovery Act Program Changes the Face of Hanford's Tank Farms RICHLAND, Wash. – Office of River Protection (ORP) em- ployees recently celebrated the completion of $15 million in Recovery Act projects at a laboratory that analyzes radioac- tive waste. "There are so many improvements to this facility that have taken place over the past year," 222-S Laboratory Manager Duane Renberger said at a ribbon-cutting ceremony outside the lab earlier this year. "Every lab employee has benefited from the many upgrades completed." An additional $17 million in Recovery Act funds will be used to tackle even more upgrades at the lab, which is a full- service, analytical facility that routinely handles samples of Continued on page 13 Jason Cochran - PADUCAH, Kentucky Recovery Act worker Jason Cochran is much happier helping clean up old buildings at the Paducah Site than he was during his previous 13 years as a shipyard worker. I'm a different person," said Cochran, 33, of Reidland, the father of an 11-year-old girl. "My wife can tell a big dif- ference in my attitude each day when I come home. After working in dangerous, inclement river conditions, being in a safety- first job culture for DOE environmental cleanup contractor LATA Environ- mental Services of Kentucky, LLC, is one key reason for job satisfaction, he says. Helping clean up old, contaminated buildings so that they can be demolished is another. Many displaced workers found jobs in the Paducah Site's $80 million Recov- ery Act Program amid a major recession. Others, like Cochran, obtained Recovery Act jobs for better opportunities in safe work environments. Cochran said he was impressed with the extensive safety training he has received and the protective equipment needed to remove contaminated materials from a closed building known as the Feed Plant. The nine-build- ing, 200,000-square-foot complex was used from 1957 to 1977 to manu- facture uranium hexafluoride and fluorine. LATA-Kentucky's Jeff Seaton and two other supervisors thoroughly ex- plained how to safely deal with various work hazards, Cochran said. "The work I did at the shipyard was dangerous," Cochran said. "Now I don't worry about my health." OAK RIDGE | PADUCAH | PORTSMOUTH | SAVANNAH RIVER | SLAC | SPRU | WEST VALLEY | WIPP EM Recovery Act Newsletter | 9 Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Argonne Recovery Act Workers Remove Waste, Demolish Cold War Legacy Buildings Workers at Argonne National Laboratory prepare waste shipments. ARGONNE, Ill. – With the help of $79 Over the past twelve months, those fuel In Argonne's decontamination and de- million in Recovery Act funding, Argonne specimens have been repackaged in molition program, the land where Build- National Laboratory will continue to dra- preparation for their return to INL. ing 330 was located will be restored matically reduce its inventory of radioac- with native vegetation in the spring. tive materials and waste stored on site Argonne expects to receive final approval The demolition phase ended six weeks in the next year. from the DOE Carlsbad Field Office to early and the waste removal activities package a second group of AGHCF irradi- are on track to be completed before the Meanwhile, workers will continue to ated sample inventory — in the form of re- end of the year, roughly three and a half make progress in the Lab's decontami- mote-handled transuranic waste — to the months ahead of schedule. nation and demolition program. That Waste Isolation Pilot Plant nearby Carls- work includes the removal of waste from bad in New Mexico. This second group of More than 600 truckloads of demolition the demolition of Building 330, the for- material represents an expansion of Ar- waste — about 22.5 million pounds mer site of the historic Chicago Pile-5, gonne's transuranic waste disposal cam- of material — have left the work site, which is the fifth and last member of the paign. Transuranic waste is contaminat- which will be surveyed and backfilled by Chicago Pile, a family of pioneering re- ed with radioactive elements that have spring of next year. Site restoration will search reactors. atomic numbers greater than uranium. include the placement of an asphalt cap over the building footprint and the plant- Argonne will ship irradiated nuclear re- This approval will signify the culmination ing of native grasses over the remainder actor fuel specimens and transuranic of months of planning between Argonne, of the site. No workers have lost work waste off-site for disposal by Septem- DOE, and the U.S. Environmental Protec- time due to injuries and the project ber 2011. tion Agency to develop an acceptable ap- costs to date have been slightly under proach for characterizing and packaging the planned budget. On Dec. 1, 2010, Argonne shipped ap- the waste. This waste will be packaged proximately one-third of the Alpha Gam- this winter and shipped off-site between At Building 310, which formerly support- ma Hot Cell Facility (AGHCF) irradiated April and September 2011. ed experimental work and waste pro- nuclear reactor fuel specimen inventory cessing, workers have begun removing off-site to Idaho National Laboratory More than 100 drums of transuranic asbestos as a prelude to full decontami- (INL). These sodium bonded fuel speci- waste from the AGHCF and 205 K-Wing, nation and demolition. A $5 million con- mens were originally sent to Argonne for a facility once used for fuel experiments, tract was awarded to North Wind, Inc. research purposes from reactors at the have been shipped off-site since the Re- of Idaho Falls, Idaho, a woman-owned former Argonne-West facility, which is covery Act waste campaigns started in small business, for this work. now part of INL. May 2009. 10 | EM Recovery Act Newsletter ARGONNE | BROOKHAVEN | ETEC | HANFORD | IDAHO | LANL | MOAB | MOUND | NNSS Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Recovery Act Kicks NNSS Cleanup into High Gear Recovery Act money is helping NSO reach cleanup goals faster. Federal Sub-Project Director Kevin Cabble The site of the former Reactor Maintenance, Assembly and Disassembly Facility, which supported nuclear rocket reactor development in the space program, is shown in the center of the photo here. Workers demolished the facility this year. LAS VEGAS – Recovery Act workers at geted for closure. The route was used clear rocket reactor development in the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) for transporting equipment for nuclear space program. have accomplished several projects on rocket development. their environmental cleanup agenda, At Pahute Mesa, a nuclear test region from the installation of groundwater Cabble said the environmental manage- at NNSS, Recovery Act workers installed monitoring wells to the demolition of fa- ment team has found ways to stream- two deep wells. The wells will join an ex- cilities used in a historic nuclear rocket line work processes in projects such as tensive network of groundwater charac- development program. the Pluto Facility demolition. terization and monitoring wells on the NNSS and adjacent range. In the months ahead, they will carry out "We learned at Pluto that we need to additional work to assess and clean test for and separate asbestos from In addition to the $44 million, NSO was up additional environmental sites. The all surfaces, floors, ceilings, and insu- allocated about $10 million to acceler- projects have been accelerated by $44 lation prior to any demolition activity. ate the disposal of low-level radioactive million the Nevada Site Office (NSO) re- This saves us from having to dispose all waste from Recovery Act projects across ceived from the Recovery Act. waste in an asbestos landfill," Cabble the DOE complex. As of November 19, said. 2010, NNSS received more than 1.7 "Recovery Act money is helping NSO million cubic feet of waste from those reach cleanup goals faster," Federal At the Tonopah Test Range, just north of projects, which would fill 20 Olympic Sub-Project Director Kevin Cabble said. NNSS, workers are removing, packaging swimming pools. and disposing contaminated soil. They With a focus on industrial sites, work- recently finished remediating submuni- ers are making headway in the demo- tions targets on the range. lition of the Pluto Facility, where the world's first nuclear-powered ramjet en- Recovery Act funding helped complete gine was developed decades ago. They the demolitions of the Reactor Main- also are addressing miles of poten- tenance, Assembly and Disassembly tially contaminated railroad tracks tar- Facility and structures at the Test Cell C Facility. Both facilities supported nu- OAK RIDGE | PADUCAH | PORTSMOUTH | SAVANNAH RIVER | SLAC | SPRU | WEST VALLEY | WIPP EM Recovery Act Newsletter | 11 Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Oak Ridge Strives for Strong Recovery Workers Save ... Finish ... Continued from page 1 Continued from page 6 Recovery Act W-1A, the Lab's largest source of ground • P Area groundwater treatment. Upgrades Advance contamination in the central campus, will Technicians will conduct testing be removed. The project entails creating to determine whether microbes Waste Tank Closures groundwater extraction wells and clean- can be used to remediate solvent- ing soil surrounding the tank. contaminated groundwater. Sci- at Savannah At Y-12, Recovery Act funds are address- entists at Savannah River National Laboratory discovered a new and River Site ing one of the site's largest environmen- innovative treatment, known as Mi- tal concerns: the West End Mercury Area AIKEN, S.C. – Recovery Act projects crobiological-based Chlorinated totaling $77 million will accelerate storm sewer. The project is modernizing Ethene Destruction to eliminate and upgrading the storm sewers, which the closure of radioactive waste tanks the contaminants, called chlori- at the Savannah River Site (SRS). are a source of off-site mercury trans- nated ethenes. port. Workers are removing contami- Savannah River Remediation, LLC, nated soil, cleaning and relining 12,000 • H4 Basin upgrade. Remaining SRS's liquid waste contractor, will in- linear feet of piping, replacing catch ba- work includes pouring about 800 stall pumps and mixers used to close sins, and treating contaminated water. feet of concrete for a drainage waste tanks and move highly radio- channel for one of four basins that active materials to SRS's Defense Demolition of Y-12's Building 9211 had received wastewater from pre- began in late October and will be com- Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) for vious operations. The new channel disposition in a safe waste form. pleted by the end of 2010. The project, will direct rainwater away from the which is the final and highest-profile basin and prevent moisture from Recovery Act funding will help close Recovery Act demolition at Y-12, will re- infiltrating the basin. the 49 underground liquid waste stor- duce the footprint of the Cold War legacy age tanks at SRS. Workers will design by more than 83,000 square feet. The • F Area Barrier Wall extension. An and deploy a $15 million chemical removal of scrap metal from the seven- underground extension will cap- cleaning infrastructure system for the acre Old Salvage Scrap Yard is planned ture contaminants in groundwa- tanks and upgrade Tank 13, which has for January 2011. The second phase of ter in a project to be completed a capacity of more than one million that project, soil characterization, is ex- in April 2011. gallons. Tank 13 is slated for use in pected to be finished by April 2011. improved waste blending and trans- • Heavy Water Components Test Reactor decommissioning. Work- fers to the DWPF. ers will decommission the reac- tor, which had been used to test experimental fuel assemblies for commercial heavy-water power These planned im- reactors until 1964. The reac- tor vessel, 75-foot metal dome, provements to the two steam generators, and other SRS liquid waste facil- components will be removed. A concrete slab will cover the build- ities will help us close ing's footprint. An aerial view shows the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Central waste tanks quicker, Campus. • Installation of low-level waste trench covers. Covers for five slit under cost and safer. trenches used for the disposition of low-level waste will be installed. SRS Recovery Act Program Deputy Director Rod Rimando, Jr. 12 | EM Recovery Act Newsletter ARGONNE | BROOKHAVEN | ETEC | HANFORD | IDAHO | LANL | MOAB | MOUND | NNSS Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Recovery Act Program Changes the Face of Hanford's Tank Farms... Continued from page 9 highly radioactive tank waste. The lab is essential to tank-waste retrieval ef- forts. Preparations are being made to deliver the waste to the Waste Treat- ment Plant (WTP) under construction at Hanford. The recent changes at the lab include new analytical equipment, a climate- controlled storage facility, energy-effi- cient lighting, and more office space. Upcoming Recovery Act projects will convert the heating system from steam to an environmentally friendly electric system and replace aging buildings with new facilities. Upgrades at the lab are among the many Recovery Act-funded projects on track to be completed by September 2011 by Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS), the primary ORP contractor. Down the road from the lab, workers have removed two of eight waste trans- fer lines that no longer meet regulatory requirements. Over the course of the project, crews will extract more than 700 linear feet of pipe. The old lines will be sent to a nearby facility for disposal. Crews will install new and refurbished lines connecting the underground storage tanks. The project, funded by more than $16 million from the Re- covery Act, is slated for completion in August 2011. "The crew is extremely focused and entirely devoted to the success of this project," said WRPS Construction Man- ager Steve Chapman. The project supports the long-term mission of the tank farms by accel- erating essential upgrades needed to prepare the farms for safe and reliable delivery of waste to WTP. Workers remove the first portion of old pipe-in-pipe waste transfer lines from Hanford's SY Farm. The Recovery Act-funded project calls for a total of eight pipe-in-pipe waste transfer lines to be removed from the farm by the end of September 2011. OAK RIDGE | PADUCAH | PORTSMOUTH | SAVANNAH RIVER | SLAC | SPRU | WEST VALLEY | WIPP EM Recovery Act Newsletter | 13 Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Recovery Act Workers Reduce Contaminant Levels Sharply in Portsmouth Site 'Big Dig' Members of the Portsmouth EM Site-Specific Advisory Board receive a field briefing on the Recovery Act-funded groundwater source removal project at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant. PIKETON, Ohio – Recovery Act workers have reduced contami- nant levels by 96 percent in soil 30 feet below ground in what has been coined the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant's Recovery Act funding has "Big Dig." been essential to allowing us In the $34 million Recovery Act project, workers are excavating to treat the high concentra- a 70,000-square-foot area of soil with a high concentration of trichloroethene (TCE) under a now-defunct holding pond. The tions of TCE. We are thrilled chemical compound was used as an industrial solvent at the this remediation project has plant, which enriched uranium for defense and commercial nuclear purposes until production ended in 2001. been highly effective in reduc- ing the contamination. "Recovery Act funding has been essential to allowing us to treat the high concentrations of TCE," DOE Portsmouth Site DOE Portsmouth Site Lead Joel Bradburne Continued on next page 14 | EM Recovery Act Newsletter ARGONNE | BROOKHAVEN | ETEC | HANFORD | IDAHO | LANL | MOAB | MOUND | NNSS Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities Continued from previous page Lead Joel Bradburne said. "We are Angelo Maestas - LOS ALAMOS, N.M. thrilled this remediation project has been highly effective in reducing the For Angelo Maestas, a Recovery contamination." Act position pulled him from a bleak employment landscape. As of mid-November 2010, workers had treated about 62,000 square feet The downturn in the building in- of the area. The project is scheduled dustry meant that the lifelong for completion in January 2011. construction worker — like many workers nationwide — The Portsmouth Site is using an oxi- found himself without a job. dant treatment to reduce the TCE. Cat- An Española, N.M., native alyzed sodium persulfate oxidant and and electrician, Maestas hydrogen peroxide blend with the con- was unemployed for about taminated soil, which breaks down the three months before being TCE. The treated soil is then reused to hired at the Technical Area backfill the excavated area. 21 (TA-21) Recovery Act project operations center Prior to the oxidant treatment, several at Los Alamos National technologies were used to address Laboratory. the TCE contamination over the years, with limited success. "I knew they had a big project here," Maestas In recent weeks, members of the said, referring to the Portsmouth EM Site-Specific Advisory 24-building demolition project at TA-21. "I Board Decontamination & Decommis- thought with my experience in construction that maybe I could help." sioning/Recycling Committee viewed progress in the Big Dig. The board Maestas submitted his resume three times. The third time must have been provides information and advice to the the charm, for shortly thereafter he received a call from Daniel Oliver, a man- DOE regarding environmental cleanup ager with one of the many subcontractors supporting the project. Impressed activities at the Portsmouth Site. with Maestas's knowledge, experience and soft-spoken demeanor, Oliver hired him on the spot. "I was impressed with how careful they were at removing the materials and Maestas was thrilled to return to the working world. In addition to the usual treating the soils. Everything in this strains that unemployment brings to a family, Maestas and his wife had an project is moving along rather quickly additional concern — a seriously ill family member who needed care. and it's our hope that we can continue at this same pace with the rest of the cleanup," Committee Chairman Roger Because of my job here, my wife, who is a nurse, Scaggs said. was able to interrupt her career and move to Arizona to take care of her father, who is terminally ill," Mae- stas said. "I am very thankful for this opportunity. Though his current position is short term and expected to end by the close of 2010, Maestas hopes the specialized training he has received will help him find another position at the Lab. He's also learned new computer skills, knowledge he hopes will make him more marketable in the future. When his position ends, Angelo plans to update his resume and submit it to other contractors working at the LANL. "If it works out, I'll be grateful," he said. "If not, I'll look for work in Arizona so I can be with my wife and son." OAK RIDGE | PADUCAH | PORTSMOUTH | SAVANNAH RIVER | SLAC | SPRU | WEST VALLEY | WIPP EM Recovery Act Newsletter | 15 Footprint Reduction | Job Creation | Lifecycle Savings | Workforce Renewal | Small Business Opportunities obsolete and unneeded nuclear and in- dustrial structures, among them several buildings of historic significance, such as the Materials Test Reactor (MTR). Workers recently removed the last por- tions of the reactor vessel from MTR, the second reactor built at the Idaho site. In operation until 1970, the MTR was vital to the development of safe materials and methods for reactor con- struction in the budding world of nuclear industry more than half a century ago. The Idaho site plans to complete de- molition of the landmark building in the first half of 2011. The biggest remaining Recovery Act challenge is the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II), a groundbreaking Workers install high-density concrete culverts to increase shielding around the Materials sodium-cooled reactor that began oper- Test Reactor at the Reactor Technology Complex. ating in the 1960s. The EBR-II provided fast breeder reactor technology. The so- Idaho Site Tackles Recovery Act dium coolant efficiently removed heat during reactor operations. Work to Help Protect Aquifer, The coolant reacts violently with air or water, posing significant safety and op- Meet State Requirements erational challenges. Recovery Act team members are completing comprehen- sive safety checks to address those IDAHO FALLS, Idaho – Nearly $470 far," said John Fulton, CWI President challenges before treating residual sodi- million from the Recovery Act is acceler- and CEO. "We've already completed um in the EBR-II cooling lines and tanks. ating the cleanup of six decades worth much of our Recovery Act work, and After that, they will demolish the facility. of radiological and chemical contamina- we've done it with an outstanding safety tion at the Idaho site — benefiting east- record. We'll keep our momentum as we Other Recovery Act projects at the Idaho ern Idaho residents and helping protect focus on safely completing our remain- site are ahead of schedule and nearing the nearby Snake River Plain Aquifer. ing projects." completion, including: With less than a year to complete Recov- The Idaho site's Recovery Act decon- • Processing and shipping of remote- ery Act work, the Idaho site and workers tamination and demolition team has de- handled transuranic waste to the with its main cleanup contractor, CH2M- molished nearly 102,000 square feet of Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in WG Idaho (CWI), are in the final stages New Mexico for permanent disposal. of several projects, including the remov- • Disposition of low-level and mixed al of buried waste from a pit. The waste exhumation project is far enough ahead I'm very pleased low-level waste from the Advanced Mixed Waste Treatment Project. of schedule that the Idaho site expects with the progress to start retrieving waste from another • Retrieval of Cold War waste from pits pit this month using savings from other we've made on our at the Idaho site's Subsurface Dis- Recovery Act projects. These Recovery Recovery work so posal Area for shipment to WIPP . Act projects help DOE meet state and federal requirements to clean up haz- far. ardous waste. John Fulton, CWI President "I'm very pleased with the progress and CEO we've made on our Recovery work so 16 | EM Recovery Act Newsletter ARGONNE | BROOKHAVEN | ETEC | HANFORD | IDAHO | LANL | MOAB | MOUND | NNSS FOR MORE INFORMATION ON EM RECOVERY ACT WORK PLEASE VISIT: http://www.em.doe.gov/emrecovery/ http://www.recovery.gov http://recoveryclearinghouse.energy.gov EMAIL ANY QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS TO: email@example.com OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (EM) OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT U.S. Department of Energy http://www.em.doe.gov 1000 Independence Avenue, SW E M Environmental Management Washington, DC 20585 safety performance cleanup closure E M Environmental Management safety performance cleanup closure
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Dec 09, 2013 · Kepada yth Bapak/Ibu Pimpinan Sejuta Buku di Jakarta Saya adalah penggemar acara kick andy, setiap hari Jum'at selalu menonton, dan....sangat menginspirasi ... - read more
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Photo : Conalep 079 Plantel santiago tianguistenco
A picture of 'Conalep 079 Plantel santiago tianguistenco', this photo is taken in the destination of San Lorenzo Huehuetitlan in the state of Mexico in the country of Mexico. You can click on the image below to see a higher resolution version of this picture, or on the links below that to see more photos by this photographer. You can also add your pictures to this gallery via the links below, or you can click here to see more photos of San Lorenzo Huehuetitlan, Mexico.This picture is displayed according to Panaramio Copyright Policies.
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Noah Smith
Specialization: Economics
Noah Smith received his PhD in economics from the University of Michigan, graduating in 2012. His dissertation concerns expectation formation in financial markets. Noah majored in physics as an undergraduate at Stanford University, and spent three years working in Japan, where he still returns from time to time to do research. He also writes at the economics blog "Noahpinion".
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Description (OCR text may contain errors)
May 1, .1928. 1,667,982
R. W. PEA RSO N REVOLVING BED Filed June 4, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR E W/Pmas o/v ATTORNEYS May 1, 1928.
R. w. PEARSON REVOLVING BED Filed June 4, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2
ATTORNEYS INVENTOR Y K Wfimaso/v Patented May 1, 1928.
Application filed June 4, 1925. Serial No. 84,917.
vide a revolvingbed of the character de scribed in which the means for supporting the patient may be positioned with respect to the patient for permitting the wound or injur to be readily worked upon or octor. l
A further object of my invention is to provide a revolving bed of, the character described which is simple in construction, durby the nurse able and efficient for the purpose intended,
and which is not likely to get out of order easily. a I
Other objects and advantages will appear in the following specification, and the novel features of the invention will be-particularly pointed out in the. appended claim.
y invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming part of this application, in which Figure 1 is a plan view of the device,
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the device, Figure 3 is a side elevation of the device,
Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the looking means for preventing the rotation of the revolving part of the bed.
In carrying out my invention I provide a frame indicated generally at 1 that is supported by legs 2. If desired, the frame may be used in connection with an ordinary bed (not shown), or the frame itselfmay support the springs and mattress.
Theportion of the bed that is employed for moving the patient into the desired position oons'lstsof a revolvable member A that is supported by adjustable members 3, the
members 3 in the present instance being 1 ingagainst the inner surface strips, preferably made of canvas.
strips of course will be stretched taut when threaded rods. The connection between the revolvable member A and the rods 3 is clearly shown in Figure 4. It will be noted from this figure that the rods 3 carry supporting members 4 for the revolvable member A.
The member A has a shaft 5 that is rotatably' received in the supporting members or castings 4. The shafts 5 are secured in place by a disc 6 that in turn is screwed to'the casting 4. The shaft 5 is prevented from longitudinal movement with-respect to the disc 6 by means of a ratchet 7 that has its hub 8 beer of the disc 6, and a shoulder 9 of the bifurcated end 10 of the shaft 5. From this construction it will be apparent thatthe shafts 5 may be rotated Within the castings 4.
The shafts 5 in turn are connected to the revolvable member A by means of pins 11 and lugs 12 that are carried by sleeves 13. The sleeves are carried by the revolvable member A as will be hereinafter described and permit the member. A to betilted into the inclined position shown in Figure 3.
When the member A is so tilted it may still be rotated so as to dispose the patient in the desired position. e
I will now describe the specific Ineansfor supporting the patient. This means in the present form of the device consists of side bars 14'14,'15-15 (see Figures 1 and 3). The bars have their free ends removabl'y connected to end members 16, the members 16 in turn being mounted upon screw shafts 17.
The shafts 17 extend through the sleeves 13 and are prevented from longitudinal movement with respect to the sleeves. The shafts are provided with left-hand threads at one of their ends and with right-hand threads at their other ends. The shafts are also provided with a square projection 18 and are adapted to receive a crank handle 19 by means of which the shafts 17 may be rotated. When the shafts 17 are rotated in one direction, they will cause the end members16 to move toward each other, and when rotated in the opposite direction, will cause the members to move away from each other.
Between the bars 14 and 15 are dis is'ed ese the bars 14 and 15 are moved in one direction and will be slackened when the bars are moved in the opposite direction. In Figure 2 I show how the strips 20 are adapted to encircle the body of the patient, and in Figure l I show how the strips are spaced from one another so as to permit different portions of the body to be exposed, whereby the nurse or doctor may work on the exposed portion of the body while at the same time the patient is being supported in the desired position. Figure 3 shows how the bars 14 and 15 are provided with a plura-lity of openings 21 therein through which thumb screws 22 extend. The thumb screws 22 are operatively connected to the strips 20 and when the screws are tightened or loosened they will tighten or loosen the canvas strips. The principal tightening and loosening of the canvas strips is accomplished by means of the screw shafts 17, while the minor adjustment is accomplished by means of the thumb screws 22. The thumb screws also permit the strips 20 to be removed and new ones substituted therefor.
The patient is normally supported by the lower strips and the upper strips are used only when the patient is inclined to a certain position where he will likely roll oft or where the patient is turned completely over and is being supported by the strips that formerly passed over him.
The specific means employed for locking the revolvable member A at any position desired is shown in Figure 4. In this figure the ratchet 7 is provided with square teeth into which a projection 23 of a catch 24 is adapted to be received. The catch 24 is pivotally secured to the casting 4 at 25 and is held in engagement with the ratchet by means of gravity. hen the catch is swung out of engagement with the ratchet and into a position where. it will lean against the threaded rod 3, gravity will hold the catch in this position. It will be noted from Fig ure 1 that the casting has an opening 26 which receives the projection 23, and thus permits the projection to enter any one of the recesses in the ratchet 7.
The rods 3 are received in the threaded bores 27 in the castings 4c and are adapted to hold the castings in adjusted position. Hand wheels 28 are secured to the top of the rods 3 and are adapted to rotate the rods so as to move the castings 4 along the rods. From Figure 2 it will be noted that the lower ends of the rods 3 are received in a socket 29 of a cross member 30. The cross member in turn is journalled in bearings 31 carried by the frame 1. In this way I provide novel means for permitting the rods 3 to be inclined when either end of the revolvable member A is raised with respect to the other end. The legs 2 extend to a sufiicient distance above the frame l and are provided with cross members 32 that prevent the outward swinging of either one of the rods 3.
From the foregoing description of the various parts of the device, the operation thereof may be readily understood. The stretcher or member A is disposed in the desired position so as to receive the patient. The ratchets 7 are locked in place by means of the catchers or pawls 21-. The patient may now be placed upon the stretcher. The top side rods 14 may then be disposed in place and connected to the end members 16 by means of pins 33. The pins 33 are used for all of the rods so as to permit any of the rods to be removed if desired. The sides of the stretchers let and 15 may be moved toward each other so as to bring the sides closer to the patient. A sheet may now be placed over the patient and openings made in the sheet where the places of injury are located. The sides of the sheet are folded close to the body of the patient so as to make it as comfortable as possible for the patient. The strips are now placed over the patient and are secured in place by means of the thumb screws 22. After the upper strips are secured in place by means of the thumb screws. the screw shafts 17 are actuated so as to tighten the strips about the body of the patient. The stretcher may now be moved into the desired position.
To effect the upward movement of the stretcher, the hand wheels 28 are actuated. If one of the hand wheels be rotated more than the other, the stretcher may be inclined so to tilt the body of the patient. The body of the patient may also be rotated partially, this being accomplished by releasing either one of the ratchets 7 and then temporarily releasing the other ratchet so as to permit the stretcher to he revolved into the position desired. The last named ratchet may be then locked in place by its pawl 24, whereby the stretcher is prevented against further movement. As heretofore stated. the strips may be disposed at any place desired along the bars 14 and 15 so as to expose the injured parts of the body. In this way the injured part of the body may be brought into a position where the doctor or nurse may readily work upon the same.
It. should be noted that the device can be used alone or attached to almost any type of bed. Furthermore the stretcher is so connected to the frame of the device that it is adapted to turn the patient from back to face, or face to back, or to incline the patient in any desired position. Furthermore the 3 body of the patient may be turned so as to eliminate bed sores and to also relieve the patient when he becomes tired from being too long in a cramped position. It will also be noted that the device is adapted to support the patient and yet permit the free circulation of air to the injured parts. The
device may also be used when changing the,
sheets of a bed when the patient himself 5 is to weak to move.
I claim: A device of the type described comprising a frame, threaded rods rotatably carried by said frame, internally screw threaded cast 1. ings disposed concentrically with said rods and adapted to be elevated by the rotation of said rods, ratohets rotatably disposed within said castings, a patient-supporting member disposed between said castings, means for securing said patient-supporting member to said ratchets, and means for rigidly holding said ratchets in any desired position.
Referenced by
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2013 Chevy Silverado Bed Bike Racks
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I am a happily married women whom is here to meet someone who is laid back like my self and is open minded. My husband and I have been together since we were young teens... Middle school sweet hearts ❤❤. And we enjoy many things .. From hanging out with friends and family to going out dancing and always laughing. Life is too short to not laugh at the silly things 😀😃😄
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By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
4/8/2014 (11 months ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
In a spate of highly unusual volcanic activity, one Japanese island has merged with another nearby island. Niijima Island, a volcano which broke through the ocean's surface last November, has now merged with a nearby island that formed from a volcano which last erupted 40 years ago.
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
4/8/2014 (11 months ago)
Published in Green
Keywords: Niijima Island, volcanoes, Ring of Fire
LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Niijima emerged about 550 yards from the older Nishinoshima last November. According to observations taken at the end of last month, they are now one.
The merged land mass measures about six-tenths of a mile across. At its highest point, the new island is almost 200 feet above sea level. That's triple the highest point observed in December, according to NASA's Earth Observatory.
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The new island was expected to last several years, according to Japanese scientists. But now as it has continued to grow, it could last much longer.
"A lot of it depends on how fast it erodes," Ken Rubin, a University of Hawaii at Manoa professor and expert in deep submarine volcanism says. Rubin told reporters after the island broke the surface last year, that "Until it shuts off, it's too soon to tell."
Niijima Island is among 30 or so small islands that make up what is known as the Bonin Island chain, all of which were formed by the protrusions of an ancient underwater volcano and are home to some 14 kinds of animals and more than 100 kind of indigenous plants, ScienceWorldReport.com noted.
The island sits on the Pacific "Ring of Fire," which stretches from the coast of Chile north to Alaska and Siberia and then south to New Zealand.
The newly merged island is about 600 miles south of Tokyo in the Ogasawara Islands, also known as the Bonin Islands.
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By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
A park ranger in south China named only as "Mr. Xiao" has caught an enormous Chinese salamander. It is acknowledged as the world's largest living amphibian and is known as the "Living Fossil," as it has remained unchanged for 170 million years. LOS ANGELES, CA ... continue reading
By Hannah Raissa Marfil (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Foam peanuts that constantly clutter your room and fill up the trash, after a package arrives, could actually be useful. This new discovery, presented at the 249th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS), was researched by a team from ... continue reading
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A nine-foot-tall monster with blade-like teeth at one time strolled through the warm and wet environs of what is now known as North Carolina some 230 million years ago. The Carnufex carolinensis, as known by its scientific name, was active long before dinosaurs ... continue reading
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Everyone is now aware about the rapidly melting polar icecaps. Scientists have raised concerns about a large, rapidly thinning glacier in Antarctica. Researchers have discovered two openings that could channel warm seawater to the base of the huge Totten ... continue reading
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While the East Coast was battered with rain, sleet and record snowfall, California faced the driest January on record, ever since records began to be taken in 1865. With snow packs in the mountains at all time lows, the state's drought has many people wonder if ... continue reading
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A massive, 14-feet stingray recently caught by two anglers has since broken the world's record for the largest freshwater fish caught by rod and line. The gigantic, flat fish bearing a poisonous barb measured over eight feet in width, 14 feet in length and ... continue reading
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There is nothing new under the sun... or is it? The finite capabilities of man would deduce that after centuries of science and exploration, humankind would know everything there is to know about the various life forms on this planet. Scientists have proven ... continue reading
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A rare, 475-pound leatherback sea turtle washed up on a South Carolina beach this past weekend. Marine biologists at the South Carolina Aquarium are currently treating the turtle who they named "Yawkey." Discovered on the Yawkey-South Island Preserve, a ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly (Catholic Online)
An A list of "climate change deniers" has been released, exposing the connections that climate change denial scientists have to the fossil fuel industry and other private firms that are literally paying them for their denial. The leaked emails stem from a documentary ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
A small brown bird, the Jerdon's babbler was last seen in Myanmar in 1941. Presumed extinct, the babbler has made an unexpected comeback. Naturalists are boy busy resurrecting the bird from the list of animals thought to have vanished from the Earth. LOS ... continue reading


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Installed them in the rear deck of my 08 impala they sound good hooked up to the stock radio. they def need an amp pushing them though.
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A perfect system starts off with perfect aftermarket car speakers. If you are a fanatic of a great sounding speaker, then the Rockford Fosgate Punch Series is meant for you. It is a full-range speaker with a flex-fit basket to ensure compatibility. By utilizing slots instead of single sized screw holes, allows for a slight adjustment of the speaker when mounted. This becomes useful if you are mounting the speakers in an odd shaped factory speaker location. The integrated concealed crossover hides the crossover inside the basket, decreasing and simplifying installation time. Minimizing the time between taking the speakers out of the box to installing them in your vehicle, the Punch speakers feature an OEM Adapter plate system that allows full-range speaker to fit in certain openings. The adapter plate features break-away tabs that can be removed to fit all speaker sizes.
The Punch series speakers feature VAST (Vertical Attach Surround Technique) which increases a speakers effective radiating cone area without complicating installation. The design eliminates the large flat glue surface area which allows the surround to be shifted for increased cone area. With this, nominal efficiency and maximum output capabilities are improved. The P1694 is a 6" x 9" 4-Way speaker that has all the features mentioned above.
Priced Per Pair
PEI is an acronym for "Polyetherimide" which is an amorphous, amber transparent, high-performance thermoplastic.
Waterloo, NY
September 8, 2011
Installed them in the rear deck of my 08 impala they sound good hooked up to the stock radio. they def need an amp pushing them though.
10 of 17 found this helpful
salyersville, KY
March 24, 2014
Very easy to install and very good sounding speakers for the price. You would expect to pay alot more for speakers that sound this good.
8 of 14 found this helpful
Lincoln, VT
November 16, 2010
These are great speakers, solid construction top notch Fosgate quality. I mounted these in my back deck using some Metra depth extenders. They put out a good amount of bass considering their only running off my Kenwood HU, once I get a 4 channel amp I'm sure they will bump real good. These are also very clean at filling in the highs. I have 4 way pioneers up front, combined with these I have great full range sound front and back. I prefer a more subtle aesthetic so I really like the more generic looking speaker grills, nothing flashy that screams "steal me"!
7 of 12 found this helpful
Georgetown, TX
June 1, 2010
Powerful bass that has no lag and no extra phase timing. I always have these blasted with the bass and the treble is still crystal clear quality, works great with an 80W stereo setup.
4 of 6 found this helpful
Brandon, SD
June 30, 2013
I put these 6x9 speakers in the back of my 2000 Chevrolet Monte Carlo SS. These speakers look outstanding out of the box and they come with some nice factory looking grills to hide that "awesome-ness" from those not so awesome people. The install was very easy and the car matching that Sonic Electronix did for me seemed to be pretty accurate. I did have to cut out a little bit of plastic in order for these massive magnets to fit my factory holes where my factory cardboard speakers used to be. When hooked up they deliver some nice sound. You can get the speakers pretty bumping, depending out what you are used to. But for 6x9 speakers they put out some nice sounds. With my style I will always need a couple 12 inch sub woofers helping with my bass addiction. The price was outstanding with these speakers and much more than I had expected after installing them myself. The speakers are also designed with some very durable material for the woofer of the speaker and the lining and I could not get over how big the magnets are on these speakers! I would suggest these Rockfords to anyone looking to upgrade a factory system at a very reasonable cost. Plus, you can't get it any cheaper than from Sonic! Get them!
9 of 17 found this helpful
Warner Robins, GA
July 31, 2012
I bought this speaker set recently and it sounds amazing. i am buying a rf t-600-4 amp for it even though it sounds amazing on a head unit already. These speakers sound soooo clear and crisp its ridiculous.
12 of 23 found this helpful
May 14, 2012
This 6x9 is very good. Power it with an amp and sure you'll like it.
11 of 21 found this helpful
sauk centre, MN
July 4, 2011
i would recomend this but if you get them make sure you can power them, i like my music loud and they can handle it at least for the first few weeks but they started to distort alot and you can tell right away that they need the power that they say they do. but if you dont mind replacing them every so often get these for sure
10 of 19 found this helpful
March 12, 2015
Great speakers for the money. I've got them hooked up to a hifonics 4 channel putting 80 rms to them and they song great. Pick u up a pair u want complain and trust the name.
1 of 2 found this helpful
June 9, 2013
These speakers are great and they are very punchy speakers, I replaced my old polk audio 6x9s with these and they sound much better. I have had them for 2 months and one started making a weird noise when the bass hit like there was a piece of metal in it or something. I took it out and it looked fine but when I gave it even pressure on the cone the voice coil would scrape and it makes a really annoying sound. Otherwise great speakers.
7 of 14 found this helpful
October 18, 2011
Excellent quality, high wattage and good clarity for such a small speaker.
7 of 14 found this helpful
Columbia, SC
June 26, 2011
Great product! awesome service! Brand new in the original box never opened! The sound quality of the rockford fosgate audio is great. All of my speakers in my truck are Rockford fosgate and it is awesome. All bought from sonic electronix and will by from them again the next time I need something else!
10 of 20 found this helpful
Federal Way, WA
May 1, 2011
I have read that these speakers can handle over 75 watts rms. That was not true with the ones I installed. For the price these speakers do well. I also installed R152-S speakers though smaller they are louder than the P1694's. I would go with I different 6x9 speaker if I had it to do again.
10 of 20 found this helpful
Pittsburgh, PA
July 8, 2014
For the price the're good but if u dont get a sub with them there is not much bass in them good quality & sound tho.
9 of 19 found this helpful
Independence, VA
June 14, 2014
I had 2 sets of kicker ds693 which are the rebadge of comp 6x9s... these 4 ways fosgates SMASH THEM with clarity and boy are they loud, they keep up with the two fosgate 10inch punch 2 dual 2 ohm voice coil subs I have.... and these subs are not on a light amp either I have them on a prime 750.1 ... everything is amazing quality clarity and bass. My girl friend loves them so much she just made me buy her two pair of fosgate prime 6.5s for her 94 celica.
my only compliant is that they didnt come with wires for the speakers. and in an 05 stratus you must angle the speakers to the front in the door panels to get them in(they wont mount flush there)
2 of 5 found this helpful
South Chesterfield, VA
March 18, 2014
These are the best sounding speakers I have heard on a motorcycle in a long time. Wowwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
5 of 11 found this helpful
Southaven, MS
March 22, 2013
I bought these speakers along with P165 6.5 and a 4-channel ORION COBALT CO6004 600W amp. These things sound like 10's in my trunk. I didn't get them from Sonic because I wasn't expecting to buy them but I'm glad I did. Even the salesman was amazed at how well they sound. I wish I would've bought them from here because they are cheaper. All-n-all...these are a must buy if you don't want subs.
9 of 19 found this helpful
Sioux Falls SD
January 2, 2013
Great value and shipped fast! I was very happy with Sonic and will do business with them again.
8 of 17 found this helpful
Sauk Centre, MN
April 27, 2011
These speakers are amazing! One con tho they didn't fit perfect I had to bend about half inch tabs all the way around where my old speakers where but well worth it!!
9 of 19 found this helpful
Quincy, WA
March 17, 2011
Great pair of speakers. good highs and mids.
6 of 13 found this helpful
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Warning: The image depicted shows the resistance change when wiring multiple subwoofer terminals. Please refer to your subwoofer's owner's manual for the proper wiring of its terminals. Sonic Electronix, Inc. is not responsible for damage caused to your audio system or vehicle due to improper installation. Please call tech support at 1-877-289-7664 if you require additional assistance.
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A spot in the World Cup final against New Zealand is on the line at the SCG where Australia and India are locking horns.
New Zealand enters their first World Cup final, winning a rain-hit semi-final against South Africa by four wickets.
New Zealand steamroll the West Indies at Wellington to book a berth in the World Cup semi-finals.
The final of ACT first grade cricket final between Wests/UC and Weston Creek/Molonglo at Kippax Oval.
Weston Creek/ Molonglo and Eastlake clash in the ACT first grade cricket semifinal
Bangladesh defeat England by 15 runs, ensuring that they cannot make the knockout round of the World Cup.
Afghanistan and Bangladesh draw a crowd at Manuka Oval in their Pool A Cricket World Cup match.
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Friendly rugby: Silver Foxes vs Australian Defence Force Old Boys
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A giant of the game: Luc Longley's life in basketball
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SportsDay Live's list of the top 10 Test moments from Tests in Perth. Honourable mentions to Matthew Hayden for his world record 380 against Zimbabwe, Shane Warne smashing 99 against the New Zealand before being caught in the deep from what turned out to be a no-ball, the Windies skittling Australia for 76 in 1984, Chris Gayle flaying a century off 70 deliveries and South Africa for chasing down 414 with six wickets to spare four years ago.
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Domnina, Domna, & Kyriaki, the Martyrs
St. Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians 15:58; 16:1-3
BRETHREN, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that in the Lord ... |
Luke 9:1-6
At that time, Jesus called the twelve together and gave them power and authority over all demons and ... |
It is good to give praise to the Lord and to chant Your name O Exulted One. To proclaim Your mercy in the morning and Your truth in the night!
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Super 8 Johnstown/Gloversville
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Yesterday I hired a car in Boston and drove for 3 hours to Albany in up state New York. Very strange at first driving an automatic, my left leg kept instinctively moving. Me and the car made it in one piece though. The trees are just starting to turn too so it's was a very pretty drive. I'm staying with Roslyn Dahl who is the Communications & Development Director of The Oley Foundation. The Oley Foundation is ...
Travels with Nick part two
We have been in Ballston Spa since August 10 and having a wonderful time. The kids are just delightful. The schedule here is busy and we fall into bed at our usual 9:00 many nights earlier than that. We plan to leave on Sept 8th. Everyone is back in school by then and the nights are getting colder. We still haven't resolved our electrical problems. We had a relay ...
Met up with the Deal family at Herkimer Diamond
... and then joined Mike and the girls who were tubing down the "rapids" on the river that passes from one end of the campground to the other. We had a lot of fun.
Friday night we had another great campfire and spent time swapping adventure stories with the Deal family that had just come back from Frontier Days out in Wyoming.
Travels with Nick
... electrical problems but are still able to function. Been at heather's for a week and having more electrical problems. 12 volt system not always functioning, some things work others on and off. Located an RV mechanic who is here now. Wondering if it is all related to lightning strike. RV's are in the same category as boats. Plan on going to LINY this weekend to see the downstate ...
Last day in Ballston Spa
Saturday was our last day in Ballston Spa, we headed over to Congress park in downtown Saratoga. This is one of our favorite places to visit! We fed the ducks, rode the carousel, ate some sea salt caramel ice cream and checked out a local bookstore. Afterwards we headed to Aunt Darlene's and Uncle Bill's for an afternoon ...


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Logans Run
A selection of articles related to logans run.
Original articles from our library related to the Logans Run. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Logans Run.
- Reinforcement Effect and Displacement Trend: No Wine in Old Bottles?
- Two phenomena concerning displacement--the reinforcement effect and the displacement trend--have been only meagerly investigated with virtually no further published studies of them since they were first reported decades ago. Because there appears to be...
Journal of Parapsychology >> vol 53, 1989
- King James Bible: I Corinthians, Chapter 9
- Chapter 9 9:1 Am I not an apostle? am I not free? have I not seen Jesus Christ our Lord? are not ye my work in the Lord? 9:2 If I be not an apostle unto others, yet doubtless I am to you: for the seal of mine apostleship are ye in the Lord. 9:3 Mine answer to...
New Testament >> I Corinthians
- Ehwaz
- The third rune of the third aett bears the reconstructed Common Germanic name Ehwaz. Later, its name became Aihws in Gothic (note how archaic Gothic is), and still later, Eh in Anglo-Saxon. If you remember that "k" in Indo-European changed to "h" in Germanic,...
Divination >> Rune Stones
- Hawke, Elen: British Author
- Elen Hawke is an author, artist and British witch from Oxford, England with many years experience both living and teaching the Craft. She is a Craft elder, a Wiccan initiate, and a professional astrologer and tarot reader, as well as being a working...
Real Interviews >> Authors
- Survivalists' Guide for the New Millennium: Chapter 5
- WHERE I LAY MY HEAD IS HOME A foot and light-hearted I take to the open road, Healthy, free, and the world before me, The long brown path before me leading Wherever I choose. Henceforth I ask not for good fortune, I myself am good fortune, Henceforth I...
Philosophy >> Survivalists Guide for the New Millennium
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- Introduction: The countermeasures given in these short articles are extremely basic. They only contain the bare bones of what is necessary to use them. To understand the principles behind these countermeasures, please get a copy of 'Practical Psychic Self-Defe...
Psychic Abilities >> Psychic Protection
- Pagan Mythology
- Is the traditional story presented as an historical event that serves to illustrate part of the world view of a people or explain a practice, belief, or natural phenomenon. The mythological beliefs a culture shares gives shape to its actions and choices....
Paganism & Wicca >> Holidays
Logans Run is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Logans Run books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- Logan's Run Rescue
- Logan's Run Rescue is the largest No-Kill adoption organization rescuing in Cherokee County, NC and the surrounding counties of TN & GA.
- www.logansrunrescue.com
- Logan's Run Rescue Our Community Outreach Programs
- logansrunrescue.com
- "PAW-TY IN THE PARK" Presented by Logan's Run Rescue
- "PAW-TY IN THE PARK". Presented by Logan's Run Rescue.
- www.logansrunrescue.com
- with what ended up as "Logan's Run" (script and movie).
- www.theworldoflogansrun.com
- LOGAN's Run
- LOGAN's Run. Saturday, August 6, . .
- www.logancenter.org
Suggested News Resources
- 1700 hrs Amiable Lady 61 Logans Run 59.5 Amar Prem 56 Sabari 55.5 Youre Chilubuli 55.
- Favourite Sun Absolute runs away with Chennabasappa Memorial Cup
- Classical Act Plate (Div II) -- 1200M: Game Dancer (Gracious Saldhana's) AR Pradeep 1; Amiable Lady (Appu) 2; Logans Run (B Paswan) 3; Rubellite (Christopher) 4; WB: 5, 1-1/2, 1-1/4L; T: 1:14.
- The real unemployment rate? 16.6%. Author`s latest book is PROVEN to help
- A substantial portion of the proceeds from book sales Mr. Lyden and his wife donate back to charity to help our military veterans and to help the stray and abandoned animals at Logans Run Rescue .
- Acceptances for Thursday's races
- The Classical Act Plate (Div-II) 1200 m 5.00 pm: Amiable Lady 61, Logans Run 59.5, Amar Prem 56, Sabari 55.
- Christina Hendricks otra vez en los titulares para ser la nueva Wonder Woman
- Puesto que es el elegido para encauzar uno de los proyectos más esperados en lo que a remakes se trata- como es The Logans Run (La Fuga de Logan).
Suggested Web Resources
- Logan's Run - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Logan's Run is a novel by William F. Nolan and George Clayton Johnson.
- en.wikipedia.org
- Logan's Run (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- en.wikipedia.org
- Logan's Run (1976) - IMDb
- Directed by Michael Anderson. With Michael York, Jenny Agutter, Richard Jordan , Roscoe Lee Browne.
- www.imdb.com
- Logan's Run (trailer) - YouTube
- Jul 10, 2007 Buy it at TLAVIDEO.
- www.youtube.com
- LOGAN's Run
- Aug 6, 2011 LOGAN's Run is part of the Michiana Runners Association Race Circuit for 2011.
- runwithlogan.org
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Logans Run Topics
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- The Golden Lion
A vintage single speed bicycle
- Another single speed bicycle is born. The green lionis smooth and shiny.
This one is rusty and vintage.The wooden handlebar imported from
Thailand is a great feature to the bicycle.
I love the leatherpatch with my named embossed into it!
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50 Cent, Street King Immortal
With two successful singles out and his traditional strategic pre-album beefing already underway, 50 Cent finally seems set to drop his fifth album, Street King Immortal. Fif's mixtape material over the past year has been a welcome throwback to his heyday, Eminem recently confirmed that he'll appear on another song aside from "My Life" — both good signs. And with rival Game's Jesus Piece banging so much harder than expected, we're excited to see if Fif responds to the challenge.
(Photo: Rick Diamond/Getty Images for BET)
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