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Helping Users Shop for ISPs with Internet Nutrition Labels
Srikanth Sundaresan
Georgia Tech
Atlanta, USA
Anthony Tang
Georgia Tech
Atlanta, USA
Nick Feamster
Georgia Tech
Atlanta, USA
W. Keith Edwards
Georgia Tech
Atlanta, USA
Marshini Chetty
Georgia Tech
Atlanta, USA
Renata Teixeira
CNRS/UPMC Sorbonne Univ.
Paris, France
Rebecca E. Grinter
Georgia Tech
Atlanta, USA
Walter de Donato
University of Napoli Federico II
Napoli, Italy
When purchasing home broadband access from Internet service
providers (ISPs), users must decide which service plans are most
appropriate for their needs. Today, ISPs advertise their available
service plans using only generic upload and download speeds. Un-
fortunately, these metrics do not always accurately reflect the vary-
ing performance that home users will experience for a wide range
of applications. In this paper, we propose that each ISP service plan
carry a "nutrition label" that conveys more comprehensive informa-
tion about network metrics along many dimensions, including vari-
ous aspects of throughput, latency, loss rate, and jitter. We first jus-
tify why these metrics should form the basis of a network nutrition
label. Then, we demonstrate that current plans that are superficially
similar with respect to advertised download rates may have differ-
ent performance according to the label metrics. We close with a
discussion of the challenges involved in presenting a nutrition label
to users in a way that is both accurate and easy to understand.
Categories and Subject Descriptors
C.2.3 [Computer-Communication Networks]: Network Opera-
tions—Network Management; C.2.3 [Computer-Communication
Networks]: Network Operations—Network Operations
General Terms
Management, Measurement, Performance
access networks, broadband networks, BISMark, benchmarking
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for
personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are
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bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to
republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific
permission and/or a fee.
HomeNets'11, August 15, 2011, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Copyright 2011 ACM 978-1-4503-0798-7/11/08 ...$10.00.
When shopping for Internet plans today, home users must select
their ISP primarily based on the upstream and downstream speeds
it advertises. The problem with relying solely on throughput in
advertisements is that this metric alone does not accurately reflect
the actual performance users will receive for certain applications.
Some ISPs try to make the throughput metric more accessible, by
suggesting which applications require certain throughput levels, as
shown in Figure 1. Unfortunately, this information is often inac-
curate or, worse, misleading. Although the inconsistencies in these
advertisements are troublesome, the underlying problem is that ad-
vertising a service plan based only on throughput does not capture
many aspects of network performance that can affect applications
that users care about.
We envision that users might ultimately purchase ISP service
plans based on their usage patterns, perhaps from a portal that
could recommend the appropriate service plan for a user based on
applications that are important to that user and the performance
characteristics of each plan. Realizing this vision first requires a
more precise characterization of the performance associated with
any given ISP service plan. To inform our design, we draw an
analogy with nutrition labels, which are used in many countries to
indicate the nutrients in a particular food item, so that users might
satisfy their dietary requirements. Network performance also has
many dimensions that affect various applications differently. For
example, a gamer might be more concerned with latency and jitter
than with throughput, while a user who primarily browses the Web
would be more concerned with higher throughput. Service plan ad-
vertisements should reflect these dimensions. Drawing inspiration
from recent opinions in technical policy [3], we develop an Inter-
net nutrition label for home broadband service plans. Just as food
nutrition labels identify the fundamental nutrients that consumers
need, we identify and justify the fundamental network properties
that consumers should be concerned about when shopping for ISPs.
The primary contribution of this paper is to initiate the debate re-
garding how users should shop for (and evaluate) their ISP service
plans. Although an Internet nutrition label touches on facets that
relate to technology, policy, and usability, the first step naturally
involves laying the groundwork for such a label. In this paper, we
focus on the important first step for designing such a label: identi-
fying the underlying network metrics that should go into an Inter-
net nutrition label, as well as how they might map to higher-level
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Figure 1: Excerpts from service advertisements for AT&T DSL and U-
Verse. Intriguingly, 6 Mbits/s is sufficient for streaming video on DSL, but
for U-Verse, 18 Mbits/s is required for the same application. Full snapshots
are at: http://gtnoise.net/bismark/adverts.html.
and customer comprehensible metrics. At a minimum, such a label
should have the following properties:
• Accurate. The label should accurately reflect the network
performance that a user would experience from that service
• Measurable. Both the ISP and the user should be able to
measure the metrics associated with the label. This require-
ment also implies that the ISP should be able to engineer its
network both to measure the metric and to meet the perfor-
mance metrics that it promises to users.
• Representative of application performance. The label should
include the metrics that reflect the performance for applica-
tions that are important to the user who is shopping for the
service plan.
After proposing and justifying the underlying network metrics for
an Internet nutrition label (Section 2), we use performance mea-
surements from homes to show how such a label could provide
more accurate information to a user than existing service plan ad-
vertisements (Section 3).
This paper opens many avenues for future research, such as how
such a label advertisement might be audited or enforced, and how
the metrics in the label might evolve over time. One of the most
important challenges is determining how to present the information
from the label in terms and metrics that are easy for a typical user
to understand. We discuss this challenge and other open questions
in Section 4.
This section describes and justifies the underlying metrics that
form the basis of an Internet "nutrition label". Table 1 summarizes
these metrics. In this section, we justify each of these metrics by
demonstrating that each metric contributes to the performance that
an end user experiences for a certain application. We acknowledge
that the metrics in the nutrition label may change over time as ac-
cess technologies, applications, and their associated requirements
evolve, and as our understanding of how these metrics affect appli-
cation performance changes.
Sustainable throughput
Short-term throughput
Minimum throughput
Baseline last-mile latency
Maximum last-mile latency
Maximum jitter
Loss rate
Loss burst length
Why it matters
Throughput for long transfers
Throughput for short transfers
Captures network load
Interactive applications
Captures network load
TCP throughput/multimedia
TCP throughput/multimedia
Basic reachability
Table 1: Performance metrics for the network nutrition label.
formance that an ISP can deliver to users. It indicates the amount
of data that a user can send or receive in a particular time inter-
val and thus directly determines the speed of a user's downloads
and uploads. The throughput that a user receives can vary over
time due to various factors such as network congestion. Previous
studies have shown that users of some ISPs have lower throughput
during peak hours [8], either due to congestion or deliberate throt-
tling [9]. Additionally, mechanisms such as PowerBoost [17,18]
allow users to achieve more throughput during the initial part of a
transfer, followed by a lower sustained throughput. If a user has an
ISP that offers PowerBoost, the throughput for a short download
(e.g., a Web page) might depend primarily on the throughput dur-
ing the initial interval. For long file transfers, on the other hand, the
user's throughput will depend on the sustained throughput.
Due to these inherent sources of variability, the single through-
put metric that ISPs advertise today does not accurately reflect
the throughput that a user will receive for all types of transfers.
To better capture throughput variations, we introduce three met-
rics. Short-term throughput is the average throughput that a user
will receive during the initial period of a transfer, and sustain-
able throughput is the long-term expected throughput that a user
should receive after an initial period of higher throughput. Mini-
mum throughput captures degradation in throughput that might re-
sult from congestion, throttling, or high network utilization.
Last-mile latency The performance of most interactive applica-
tions depends on end-to-end latency [7]. Access ISPs cannot con-
trol end-to-end latency, but they can guarantee the latency between
the home and the first border router in their network, which we call
the last-mile latency. We also define baseline last-mile latency as
the minimum latency to the border router in the ISP network. Be-
cause recent studies have shown that most modems have extremely
large buffers, which cause last-mile latencies as high as a few sec-
onds under heavy load [12], we also define the maximum last-mile
latency, which is the largest value of last-mile latency a user would
expect, even during periods of congestion.
To illustrate the importance of last-mile latency for the per-
formance of some applications, we show how last-mile latency
can sometimes be the dominant factor that affects Web page
download times. Figure 2 shows the average download time for
www.facebook.com for about 4,000 users across eight differ-
ent ISPs in the United States, according to data collected by Sam-
Knows and the FCC [19]. Figure 2a plots the the average time
it takes to download all objects from www.facebook.com as
a function of the 95thpercentile of each user's achieved down-
stream throughput. The average size of the download is 1 MByte.
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95th percentile Download speed (bits/s)
Download Time (ms)
(a) Fetch time stabilizes above 6Mbits/s.
1020 3040 50
Baseline latency (ms)
Download Time (ms)
(b) Latency affects fetch times.
Figure 2: Effect of downstream throughput and baseline latency on fetch
time from facebook.com. (Data from SamKnows/FCC study.)
Although download times decrease as throughput increases, users
see negligible improvement once the throughput exceeds 6 Mbits/s:
page download time is never faster than about 500 milliseconds, re-
gardless of the user's downstream throughput. On the other hand,
Figure 2b plots the download time for each user versus the base-
line last-mile latency for all users whose downstream throughput
(95thpercentile) exceeds 6 Mbits/s. The users' minimum expected
download times increase by about 50% when baseline latency in-
creases from 10 ms to 40 ms. In other words, for download rates
that exceed about 6 Mbits/s, baseline last-mile latency can be the
dominant factor in determining a user's experience when browsing
some Web pages.
Jitter Multimedia and interactive applications are sensitive to the
difference in latency between consecutive packets, which is often
called jitter [5] and is measured as the IP packet delay variation [6].
We define maximum jitter as the largest value of jitter that users
should experience. Maximum jitter has units of milliseconds and
directly represents the amount of buffering (or delay) that a stream-
ing UDP application must introduce in order to provide "smooth"
playback to a user. Based on the ITU-T recommendation that trans-
mission time for interactive applications should typically not ex-
ceed 200 ms [13], the maximum jitter metric can help users deter-
mine whether that plan will be suitable for interactive applications
they may wish to run.
Loss Packet loss affects the performance of all applications.
Achievable TCP throughput varies inversely with the square root
of the loss rate [15], and even modest packet loss rates can also
result in TCP timeouts, resulting in much worse performance. Pre-
vious work has shown that the loss of even a single packet can
severely degrade streaming video quality [11] (for UDP streams);
in addition, bursty packet loss can also reduce streaming video per-
formance [21]. To capture these effects, we define the loss rate to
capture the average loss over a sustained period, and the loss burst
length to represent the average duration of a packet loss episode.
Availability Performance metrics are meaningless if a user cannot
even obtain connectivity to the Internet in the first place. Thus,
we also define availability as the fraction of time that home users
have IP connectivity to their access ISP. Although studies continu-
ally evaluate the availability of end-to-end Internet paths [1,10,16],
there has been much less focus of the availability of the access link
Usage Caps, Throttling, and Other Policies ISPs may give higher
priority to some application traffic (e.g., traffic from the ISP's VoIP
or IPTV service) and discriminate against others (e.g., some ISPs
have been found to throttle peer-to-peer traffic). Some ISPs also
impose usage caps, where the performance or price of the network
access changes after a user transfers more than a certain volume of
traffic in a month. The Internet nutrition label should make these
policies transparent to users. The metrics in Table 1 do not directly
capture these types of policies, but we argue that an ISP could (and
should) expose these policies by advertising multiple separate nu-
trition labels for conditions where performance would vary drasti-
cally (e.g., for a certain application, after a cap has been imposed).
The Internet nutrition label has two purposes. First, when users
shop for Internet service plans, the label informs them about the
performance they can expect to receive. After a user subscribes to
a given plan, the label could also be used for auditing. For this pur-
pose, a benchmarking suite could be installed on the user's home
gateway. Auditing has its own set of challenges, which we discuss
briefly in Section 4 but do not address in this paper. We focus on
how ISPs obtain values for the Internet nutrition label before users
holds across three different ISPs. We highlight, in particular, that
two homes with the same advertised service plan can, in fact, see
very different performance with respect to the metrics associated
with the Internet nutrition label.
Before a user purchases a service plan, ISPs must estimate the
metrics in the Internet nutrition label, based on the user's address
or phone number. Unfortunately, it is difficult for an ISP to pre-
dict precisely the performance a user will receive, since the perfor-
mance can be affected by the quality of the local loop, wiring in
the home, and even the user's home network equipment. To ac-
Page 4
count for these uncertainties, we propose that the ISP advertise an
expected range of values for each metric. A potential customer will
typically have the local loop tested before buying a plan; in many
countries, ISPs already perform simple tests in the local loop to
determine which plans are available to a user. To construct the In-
ternet nutrition labels, ISPs would have to run more comprehensive
tests and expose the results to the user. A simple test is sufficient to
estimate the latency and throughput that the customer can expect to
achieve, but other factors such as loss and jitter are more difficult
to predict. ISPs might be able to estimate such metrics based on
measurements from other subscribers in the same neighborhood.
We now show examples of Internet nutrition labels for six house-
holds across three different ISPs. Table 2 shows most metrics
for the network nutrition label experienced by each user over the
course of one month, using data that we collected from an instru-
mented router at each home. In particular, we show sustainable and
short-term throughput, minimum throughput, baseline and maxi-
mum last-mile latency, loss rate, and an approximation of jitter.
We have redacted the identities of the ISPs for this example, since
these numbers are not intended to be conclusive performance re-
ports from each ISP; rather, these data points serve as an illustra-
tiveexampleofhowdifferentaspectsofperformancecanvary, even
within the same service plan.
The first row of Table 2 shows that the sustainable through-
put for the WiMAX and DSL users roughly matches the adver-
tised upstream and downstream throughput values, but sustainable
throughput for the cable users is significantly less than the adver-
tised values, since the cable ISP advertises the throughput associ-
ated with PowerBoost. The cable users experience higher short-
term throughput than sustainable throughput, also due to Power-
Boost. The DSL and WiMAX ISPs do not offer PowerBoost-like
technology, so in these cases users do not experience higher short-
term throughput. Figure 3 shows the throughput profiles for two
cable users with PowerBoost; the graph shows a transient period
where users achieve higher download and upload throughput. In-
terestingly, the peak rates during this initial transient period differ
significantly, even between these the two users, suggesting that a
nutrition label could provide useful information about differences
that exist within a single advertised service plan. Some previous
studies have shown that a user's upload and download throughput
may degrade during periods of peak load or congestion [8], so we
believe that including this metric is important. For the users we
studied, there was no discernible degradation due to time of day, so
we assume that the minimum throughput is the same as the adver-
tised throughput. This may not hold in practice.
Figure 4 shows that the DSL and cable users experience rela-
tively low baseline latencies compared to the WiMAX user. The
latency profile that we observe for the WiMax user also agrees with
an independent study conducted in a different market [22]. Because
we did not capture packet-level round-trip times for the measure-
ments we conducted in our deployment, we approximate the jitter
in Table 2 as the standard deviation of the last mile latency; again,
we see that the WiMAX user experiences jitter that is significantly
higher than users with other access technologies.
Loss rates do not appear to correlate with access ISP, technol-
ogy, or service plan. Rather, the most important factor for affecting
loss rates appears to be the quality of the local loop: a noisy lo-
cal loop may have higher loss. For DSL, local-loop "interleaving"
is sometimes enabled to reduce the effect of line noise, which can
sometimes increase the baseline last-mile latency by a factor of two
or more. For example, consider DSL users 2 and 3: user 2 has low
1This user actually gets 22 Mbits/s for 3s and 18.5 Mbits/s for 10s.
We label this as 18.5 Mbits/s for 13s for visual ease of reading.
Time (seconds)
20 25
Throughput (Kbits/s)
Cable User 1
Cable User 2
(a) PowerBoost for download.
0 10203040
Time (seconds)
Throughput (Kbits/s)
Cable User 1
Cable User 2
(b) PowerBoost for upload.
Figure 3: PowerBoost effects across four distinct Comcast users. The du-
ration and rates vary across users.
020 4060 80100120140
Last mile latency (ms)
Cable user
AT&T DSL user
WiMAX user
Figure 4: Latency profile for Cable, DSL and WiMAX.
baseline latency (8 ms), but much higher loss (0.5%) compared to
user 3, who has low loss (0.1%), but higher latency (24 ms).
Table 2 shows that all users experience a maximum last-mile
latency that is significantly higher than the baseline last-mile la-
tency. For these users, the latency is a direct function of the modem
buffer size (which depends on the manufacturer), and the through-
put (which affects how quickly the buffer drains). DSL users 2 and
3 see latencies of about two seconds (extremely high, especially
for interactive traffic). Although ISPs are not directly responsible
the modem that a user installs in the home, ISPs in many coun-
tries (including in the United States and in Europe) do sell or rent
modems directly to users. In light of the significant effect that a
user's choice of modem has on overall performance, it may ulti-
mately make sense for an ISP to include information about how
different modems might affect this metric.
We have identified several metrics that we believe should com-
priseanInternetnutritionlabel, butidentifyingthesemetricsisonly
a starting point. In this section, we outline several avenues for fu-
ture research that touch on technology, policy, and usability.
Presenting information to users An Internet nutrition label should
allow users to understand what the label means. To reconcile the
tension between the low-level metrics (such as those in Table 1)
and concepts more meaningful to users, we envision that network
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Network Metric
WiMAX user
6 Mbits/s down
1 Mbits/s up
6.0 down
1.0 up
6.0 down
1.0 up
6.0 down
1.0 up
DSL user 1
6 Mbits/s down
0.50 Mbits/s up
6.0 down
0.50 up
6.0 down
0.50 up
6.0 down
0.50 up
DSL user 2
3 Mbits/s down
0.38 Mbits/s up
3.0 down
0.38 up
3.0 down
0.38 up
3.0 down
0.38 up
DSL user 3
3 Mbits/s down
0.38 Mbits/s up
3.0 down
0.38 up
3.0 down
0.38 up
3.0 down
0.38 up
Cable user 1
22 Mbits/s down
4 Mbits/s up
12.5 down
2.0 up
22 down for 8s
3.8 up for 20s
12.5 down
2.0 up
Cable user 2
22 Mbits/s down
4 Mbits/s up
12.5 down
2.0 up
18.51down for 13s
7.0 up for 8s
12.5 down
2.0 up
Sustainable throughput (Mbits/s)
Short-term throughput (Mbits/s)
Minimum throughput (Mbits/s)
Baseline last-mile latency (ms)
Maximum last-mile latency (ms)
Loss rate (%)
Loss burst length
Jitter (ms)
Availaility (%)
Table 2: Labels for users from different ISPs and service plans. The highlighted columns indicate metric values that simpler advertising models would not
capture. The measurements we take in our deployment do not allow us to compute loss burst length.
(10k-20k; UDP)
Table 3: Different users exhibit different usage profiles. The table shows
traffic volumes from February 6–20, 2011 for two users in our testbed.
User 1 has more ssh and secure IMAP traffic, whereas User 2 has con-
siderably more HTTP traffic and higher overall traffic volumes.
metrics could be communicated to users in raw or interpreted form
depending on the circumstance. Raw metrics, such as those defined
in Table 1, could be used to specify network-level requirements
for applications (much as electronic devices expose electrical "in-
put" requirements in standardized formats on adapter labels (e.g.,
"AC100-240V, 50-60Hz 1A")). While raw metrics may not be im-
mediately meaningful to typical consumers, a user can easily un-
derstand that finding an electricity source that matches the ranges
required by the device will ensure performance. In such cases, a
single baseline or range requirement for the metrics would be suf-
Interpreted metrics are analogous to the FDA's mandate of a
"Daily Recommended Intake" column for each nutrient, based on a
typical individual's daily nutritional needs. Applying this approach
directly to the network scenario is challenging, since users have dif-
ferent requirements and expectations for application performance.
In practice, though, a user may more easily understand interpre-
tations such as how long a song download will take (in terms of
time), or what the quality of a streaming movie of a streaming
movie would be (in terms of frame rate). An important area for
future research will be to generalize a mapping from the low-level
elements of the network nutrition label to metrics and characteris-
tics that are meaningful to users.
Accounting for user profiles and preferences Another approach
is to hide metrics from users altogether and instead focus on users'
actual networking needs and expectations. User needs could be
captured by asking each home about their application usage or ac-
tivity levels, thereby building user profiles unique to each individ-
ual or household. These profiles would allow users to better un-
derstand and describe themselves and their needs to others. ISPs
could directly map these needs to existing offerings without having
to expose users to actual metrics.
Our deployment study in Atlanta shows that households exhibit
very different usage profiles. Table 3 shows the traffic usage break-
down by network port for two households. For User 1, about 10%
of the total downstream traffic is ssh traffic, whereas User 2 has
almost no ssh traffic. User 1 is also a considerably heavier email
user, with nearly half a gigabyte of downstream traffic for secure
IMAP. On the other hand, User 2 has higher overall usage and
downloads much more traffic via HTTP.
Although usage patterns for the two households in Table 3 in-
dicate that the households use applications differently, traffic vol-
ume does not suggest the importance of different applications to
each household. Given the opportunity, users might prioritize ap-
plications differently (e.g., a high-quality voice and video calls to
a loved one might be more important than the ability to quickly
download a large file). Ultimately, the nutrition label should cap-
ture these priorities, and potentially even resolve the priorities of
multiple members from a single household. Taking into account
these priorities will help users understand their own home Inter-
net requirements, identify suitable service plans, and evaluate the
performance of any particular ISP service plan.
Dynamics Although the phrase "nutrition label" implies a static
representation of performance, network conditions are dynamic
(i.e., performance is affected by many factors such as time of day
and congestion), and users' requirements may also change over
time. Thus, a "label" that reflects ISP performance may be best
represented as an interactive application that allows users to view
performance for multiple applications over different time intervals
(e.g., an hour, a week, or a month). Designing the label to represent
these dynamic conditions is an open area for future work.
Auditing Advertising the characteristics of ISPs' available service
plans are, of course, only one side of the story: users will also
want to know whether ISPs actually meet the performance met-
rics that they advertise. In fact, the metrics in the label bear some
resemblance to service level agreements (SLAs) for backbone net-
works [14], which are binding contracts that guarantee bounds on
latency, packet loss, and availability [20]. Due to the inherent vari-
ability introduced by different access technologies, network condi-
tions, usage patterns, and cases where the access link might be the
bottleneck, Internet nutrition labels cannot currently be tight con-
Page 6
tracts. Indeed, the question of how an Internet nutrition label might
be audited raises many questions, such as who should perform the
auditing, how it should be conducted, and what conditions would
deem an ISP in violation of its advertised nutrition label. Regu-
latory agencies across the world are already grappling with these
issues with varying degrees of success [2,4].
Household "network usage personas" A community-oriented ap-
proach to sharing the Internet nutrition labels might help users learn
about different ISP service plans in a geographic area. For exam-
ple, households might contribute "network usage personas" that de-
scribe the profile of network use in a household. Other households
could then use these personas to find similar users for each service
plan. Currently, end-users are typically limited to discussions of
plan costs, the quality of customer support, and network outages,
which are important factors but may not completely represent the
level of service that they might expect. Being able to understand
the details of the service they are purchasing in terms of an Internet
nutrition label would allow users to rate and compare their service
plans in more meaningful ways.
Application-specific labels Although the totality of home network
usage drives plan selection, some applications may warrant their
own labels. For example, by giving applications that are partic-
ularly intensive on the home network their own label, customers
may become more aware of how competing applications affect per-
formance. A significant challenge for end-users is understanding
the consequences of making changes to their networks. The addi-
tion of a new device or service can have significant effects on the
network performance, which can be difficult for non-specialists to
deduce. These users see a change in performance but are not sure
why it has happened or whether they can do anything about it after
the point of purchase. Having labels that let end-users ask ques-
tions about whether their current service plan can handle the costs
of a particular application could empower people to make changes
to their network that are commensurate with their ISP service plan.
We thank the participants in the SamKnows and BISMark studies,
and to Sam Crawford at SamKnows and Walter Johnston at the
FCC for help and access to the data from the SamKnows study. We
are grateful to Dave Täht for his continuing support of the BIS-
Mark platform. This project is supported by the the National Sci-
ence Foundation through awards CNS-1059350, CNS-0643974, a
generous Google Focus Grant, the European Community's Seventh
Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) no. 258378 (FIGARO),
and the ANR project C'MON.
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303–323, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Sept. 1998.
[16] V. Paxson. End-to-End Routing Behavior in the Internet. IEEE/ACM
Transactions on Networking, 5(5):601–615, 1997.
[17] PowerBoost FAQs - Charter. http://myaccount.charter.com/
[18] PowerBoost FAQs - Comcast. http://www.comcast.com/Customers/
[19] SamKnows. Measure Your Broadband Accurately.
[20] Sprint SLA. https://www.sprint.net/sla_performance.php.
[21] S. Tao, J. Apostolopoulos, and R. Guerin. Real-time monitoring of video
quality in ip networks. Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, 16(5):1052
–1065, 2008.
[22] K. Yap, S. Katti, G. Parulkar, and N. McKeown. Deciphering a Commercial
WiMAX Deployment using COTS Equipments. Technical report, Stanford


text:
Local shops and private party sales. When it comes to firearms I'm very "hands on" with my purchases. If I don't see it, and can't handle it, I will usually pass on it. Kind of hard to verify condition when you can't inspect it in person, and you van't always bu sure if the picture you are looking at is the real deal.
Is it better to do the right thing for the wrong reason, or to do the wrong thing for the right reason? If you do the wrong thing for the right reason, is it still the wrong thing?
Si vis pacem para bellum.
There are two ways of doing something. Right and again.
If you can't be good, be great at it.
Usually my purchases are either at a Gun Show or from the Internet.
The last couple new guns I purchased online. I own several guns now. When I purchase a new gun it has to be exactly what I want. The best deals on used guns always seem to come to me.
I buy from my local Mom and Pop type gun store. It's a little cluttered, there's a grumpy old dude there but it feels like home. In the past year I have bought 6 or 7 guns from them. They always treat me right and a re happy to shoot the breeze, as long as it's not crazy busy.
''I won't be wronged. I won't be insulted. I won't be laid a-hand on. I don't do these things to other people, and I require the same from them."
J.B. Books
Mostly lgs for me, although I have done the internet thing for accessories, never bought a gun over the interwebs tho. I have a pretty good lgs in my hometown, plus I can drive to nearby larger metro area where I work (kentuckiana area), there are about 4 more lgs and a bass pro shop.
I also buy private party too, if a good deal comes along.
Century Arms AR-15A2, 5.56
1946 Mosin-Nagant M44, 7.62x54R
1978 YUGO SKS, 7.62x39
NEF Protector Pump, 12 gauge
Savage Model 64, .22LR
NEF Pardner Tracker II, 12 gauge
Rock Island Armory 1911A1, .45 ACP
Remington 870 'Express Magnum' 12 gauge
Bersa Thunder .380

subset: commoncrawl


text:
THIS WEEK: MARCH 22 to 28, 2013
The Despicable Disciple, a story of greed, malice, loss and redemption as seen through the life and writings of tax collector and evangelist Saint Matthew. Directed by the Rev. Gerald J. Gurka at St. John the Baptist Church, 126 Nesbitt St., Larksville. 7:30 tonight. 779-9620.
Pirates of Penzance, Gilbert and Sullivan's Tony Award-winning comic operetta about young Frederick who is on his way to becoming a full-fledged pirate. Performed by the New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players. F.M. Kirby Center, Public Square, Wilkes-Barre. 8 tonight. $58, $38, $29. 826-1100.
Seniors of the Sahara, a romantic comedy about a retired school teacher who returns from a trip to India with a geriatric genie named Eugene. Performed by Actors Circle at the Providence Playhouse, 1256 Providence Road, Scranton. 8 tonight and Saturday; 2 p.m. Sunday. $12, $10 seniors, $8 students. 342-9707.
The Music Man, the Broadway musical about con man Harold Hill invading River City, Iowa. Little Theatre, 537 N. Main St., Wilkes-Barre. 8 tonight and Saturday; 3 p.m. Sunday. 823-1875.
Into the Woods, the Stephen Sondheim musical giving favorite fairy tales a new twist. Performed by the Limelight Players (ages 6 to 24) at the Phoenix Performing Arts Centre, 409-411 Main St., Duryea. 7 p.m. Saturday; 1 and 7 p.m. Sunday. Continues 7 p.m. April 5-6; 1 p.m. April 7. $12. 457-3589.
Patchworks: Life and Legends of the Coal Towns, free previews of the 2013 Theatre in the Classroom production by the Bloomsburg Theatre Ensemble. Noon March 30 at the Bloomsburg Public Library, 225 Market St.; and 2 p.m. April 27 at Phillips Emporium, 10 E. Main St., Bloomsburg (during the Renaissance Jamboree). 784-8181.
Cathy Rigby Is Peter Pan! The Tony Award-nominee takes flight in an all-new production of the classic children's story. Presented by the Broadway Theatre League at the Scranton Cultural Center, 420 N. Washington Ave. 8 p.m. April 5; 2 and 8 p.m. April 6; 1 and 6 p.m. April 7. 342-7784.
Richard III, Shakespeare's history play about politics, ambition, power and greed. George P. Maffei II Theatre, Administration Building, 133 N. River St., King's College, Wilkes-Barre. 7:30 p.m. April 11-13 and 15; 2 p.m. April 14. $12, $5 seniors and students. 208-5825.Gemini, a compassionate off-center comedy-drama celebrating the lives of two neighboring and barely functional families living in the Italian ghetto of South Philadelphia. Dorothy Dickson Darte Center, West River Street at South River Street, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre. 8 p.m. April 11 to 13; 2 p.m. April 14. $15, $5 seniors and students. 408-4540.
A Spotlight on the Jason Miller Playwrights Project, with presentations of two plays: Jason Miller's "Lou Gehrig Did Not Die of Cancer" and K.K. Gordon's "Taking Liberties with Peter Rosig." Olde Brick Theatre, Rear 128 W. Market St., North Scranton. 8:15 p.m. April 12-13, 16-18 and 23-25. $12.50. Reservations: 344-3656.
Gala Performance, by six high school musical theater performers competing for three scholarships to attend this year's Performing Arts Institute summer program. Amato Auditorium, Wyoming Seminary Lower School, 1560 Wyoming Ave., Forty Fort. 7 p.m. April 14. $40 (includes pre-performance reception), $15, $10 students and seniors. 270-2186.
Hair, the exuberant 1960s musical about young Americans searching for peace and love. Performed by a national touring company and presented by the Broadway Theatre League at the Scranton Cultural Center, 420 N. Washington Ave. 7:30 p.m. April 15 and 16. 342-7784.
Fiddler on the Roof, the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical about a poor milkman trying to keep his family's traditions alive in a small Russian village. Performed by a national touring company at the Alice C. Wiltsie Performing Arts Center, 700 N. Wyoming St., Hazleton. 7 p.m. April 17. $52, $27. 855-945-8743.
Auntie Mame, the musical comedy about the irrepressible eccentric Mame Dennis who inherits a 10-year-old orphan boy after her brother's death. Dietrich Theater, 60 E. Tioga St., Tunkhannock. 7 p.m. April 24 to 27; 3 p.m. April 28. 996-1500.
The Tempest, Shakespeare's fantasy about a magician and his daughter dealing with shipwrecked nobles and their plots to assume power. Performed by the Wyoming Seminary Players at the Buckingham Performing Arts Center, 201 N. Sprague Ave., Wyoming Seminary, Kingston. 8 p.m. April 26-27. $4 advance; $5 at the door. 270-2192.
Giulio Cesare, David McVicor's lively production of the Handel opera starring countertenor David Daniels opposite Natalie Dessay as an irresistibly exotic Cleopatra. A live presentation from the Metropolitan Opera. Movies 14, 24 E. Northampton St., Wilkes-Barre, and Cinemark 20, 40 Glenmaura National Blvd., Moosic. 12:55 p.m. April 27. 825-4444 or 961-5943 or fathomevents.com.
DreamGirls, the Broadway musical about the triumphs and tribulations of an up-and-coming 1960s girl group. Performed by a national touring company and presented by the Broadway Theatre League at the Scranton Cultural Center, 420 N. Washington Ave., Scranton. 8 p.m. May 10; 2 and 8 p.m. May 11; 1 and 6 p.m. May 12. 342-7784.
The Temptation of the Muses, a dance and chamber-music performance by Asian-American choreographer Nai-Ni Chen and the Ahn Trio. Haas Center for the Arts, Mitrani Hall, Bloomsburg University. 8 p.m. May 11. $34.50, $19.50 children. 389-4409.
Cinderella, performed by Ballet Northeast. Dorothy Dickson Darte Center, West South Street at South River Street, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre. 7:30 p.m. May 31; 2 and 7:30 p.m. June 1; 2 p.m. June 2. 821-8525.
Play Submissions, short plays (5 to 15 minutes) using Nay Aug Park as inspiration will be accepted through May 15 for the September Dyonisia '13, the third annual Jason Miller Playwrights Project Invitational. Information at 591-1378.
Theater Bus Trip to the Hunterdon Playhouse in Hampton, N.J., for a performance of "Wake Up, Darling" on May 23. Sponsored by the Irem Women's Auxiliary. $85 includes transportation, lunch and show. Reservations: 824-6418 or 822-4976.
The Music Box Dinner Playhouse is seeking directors, choreographers and musical directors for 2013 shows including "I Love You, You're Perfect, Now Change! (April 12 to 28), "The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee" (June 13 to 23), "Les Miserables" (July 19 to Aug. 4), "Nine to Five: The Musical" (Sept. 13 to 29) and "A Christmas Carol" (Dec. 5 to 22). Send resume to 196 Hughes St., Swoyersville, PA 18704. 283-2195.


text:
Item low in stock
Ladies champagne dial grey cut out leather strap watch
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This fashionable Kahuna watch has a champagne colour analogue dial. The leather watch strap is prodominently grey with a cut out design showing pink and dark grey. The watch case has a gold finishing.
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Collect from store the next day - FREE
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- Model reference: KLS-0252L
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text:
Have I got this right? newbie
Hi guys! I hope you don't mind my posting a couple of questions about the seed exchange?
First of all, let me say that I DID read chemocurls threads on how this works, and I know about the newbie thread. They were very helpful. I am afraid I am just the type of person that needs confirmation and reassurance (holding my hand is optional, LOL!)
I love the GardenWeb and everyone here. I don't want to make a mistake that will upset others or get me blackballed .
Please tell me if I get any of this wrong, and what is the right way to do it. Sorry if I am going over the same things that were on other threads.
*It is a good idea to use bubble envelopes to avoid seed crushing during mailing process. Ask on member page for trades using bubble env. When mailing, make sure to tape seeds to inside so they stay flat. So, one ships the bubble envelope with another/other seed envelopes inside? Bubble env with regular env holding the seeds? Correct?
*E-mail another member if you would like to trade with them. If they see something on your list they would like to trade for, send an e-mail with information on seed amount (if not stated on trade page) and any questions. If both parties are still interested they will exchange address information.
*It is nice to send an e-mail letting the other party know when the seeds arrived.
*I have looked at other member trade lists to get an idea of how to assemble mine. It seems that 24 seeds is the general rate per trade, unless the seeds are large, special, or giver doesn't have many.
*In a sase, sasbe, beap, cases a person is willing to give away seeds for the price of postage. The person interested in the seeds should send the giver a bubble envelope and enough stamps to cover shipping charges back to them.
*In both cases you should send the person a sort of receipt with the information of seeds you have trades with them, your GW user name, and real name. Not sure I understood this part right or not.
*It is also nice to leave a comment about the other trader on the Rate Trades forum. Yes?
Is this all correct? Have I forgotten anything? Anything else I should know before I start to make my seed list?
Thank you all in advance for the help.
It's helpful to others if you put a date/year on your trade page. It indicates that you are actively trading.
As to the other things you've asked about, different people do things in different ways. You can set up your trade page to your own liking, set seed amounts you're comfortable with, and use whatever trading practices you think are fair. Other members will use that information to decide whether they want to trade with you or not.
Welcome and have fun! You'll meet many wonderful, generous people here!
Welcome to the Seed Exchange. It looks like you've done your homework. You will probably start seeing more free seed offers as the summer ends. I'm thinking about having another seed offer this fall but I'm waiting to harvest my ornamental peppers before I do.
Thank you very much Jim for the welcome! This seems like a fun place to be. I have been on GW for a few years, but have never ventured into exchanges before.
Am I a little late when it comes to starting trade? What time of the year does most of the trading take place here?
I don't think it's ever to late to start trading. Late summer and fall seem to be the most active times. I know it is for me. I've been collecting seed since spring and I'm waiting to collect seed from a few more plants and I will be ready to post a seed offer.
Hi christinmk,
Welcome to The Seed Exchange! Boy, you really did your homework here. Congrats and Thank You!
The Seed Exchange is quite active it seems all year. I am usually more active, very late fall, or winter when I hve more 'free' time. Also, a lot of seeds in the more northern zones are not collectible until quite late in the year. I remember it was late Nov I think anyway, when the butterfly bush seed pods split, so they could be harvested. I learned long ago to never harvest them until they are dried and split, as they won't properly split and release the seeds if harvested too soon.
When mailing, make sure to tape seeds to inside so they stay flat. So, one ships the bubble envelope with another/other seed envelopes inside? Bubble env with regular env holding the seeds? Correct?
I tape the little seed baggies to a piece of paper before slipping it into the Bubblie. That helps keep them under 3/4" thick, and from shifting. See Mailing Costs for Bubble Envelopes (BE) BE under 3/4" should go as Large Envelope rates which is less than those over 3/4"-Parcel rates.
Members use the little plastic craft baggies (found in the craft section at WM), or paper coin envelopes, or home made ones of paper.
What took you so long to get off your beaten path, and find your way to the Seed Exchange anyway?
Beware though....Know you're addicted to Seed Exchange-s...when... and then there are the Seed Enablers here too.
Thank you Sue!
I just wanted to make sure I didn't screw something up, which I have a knack of doing ;-)
I have a few other question. Can one re-use the bubble envelopes? If you recieve a BE from a trade can you take off the lables and use them again?
And, is trading seeds for plants (and vise versa) allowed? Or is it all seeds for seeds and plants for plants? I will have a few plants for trade next spring, so want to know for then. ;-)
I have been collecting all year too, getting ready to start exchanging. I suppose there might be a few more things that will come on later in the year here, but not too many. I don't have a great deal on my seed exchange list (started it last night!), but will next year. I just have a bit more to add to my want list :-D and some tweaking before I am up and ready for trading! I am getting very excited. Would anybody mind just taking a peek at it to tell me if all is in order? Anything I forgot to add?
Thanks all!
CMK (Christin)
Yes-reuse,recycle! Trading seeds for plants and vice versa is completely up to the members involved and is not against the rules. Your trade page looks great-I love it that you've used latin. When you're ready to trade, please let me know. You've got things that I'd love to try!!
Thanks Jaynine!! I just bought a whole bunch of bubble envelopes today, so I am all ready. That is great I can recycle them too! I read somewhere here that if the trades are not large one can cut the envelopes in half and tape up the side??
I should post my list on the discussion side in a day or two, but you can e-mail me now if you like. I saw some things on your list as well. I look forward to trading with you! :-)
Christin~You'll be seeing all manner of bubble envelopes in your seed trading future. The people here are very ingenious.
Just came in for lunch and now have to get back to rock picking (new flower bed!). Will email you later concerning trading--thanks so much!
i use the stapler instead of tape for the sides of the envi's. much cheaper!! i used to go thru rolls of tape till i finally figured that one out! **big grin** then i also do that for some of my seeds when i make my packets. they also have a thread on oragami packets.
its really cheap and if you get bored, well, hey!! it gives ya something to do!! LOL
and if ya want, you can do winter sowing. its something to do int he winter. and gives ya good plants!! LOL the only thing i'd do different is ask people how much they want to trade befor ya make a trade. like me, i don't need 24 seeds. gosh!! **grin** some others are like that. but yep!! you do have that right. **big smile** that is so neat to see that a "newbie" is doing their homework!! **big smile** **onery grin**
Thanks medo for the advice! I spent last night trying to make a good seed envelope. The first one I did was super cute, but didn't work too well, lol! To see if it worked I put some sugar in the packet. I suppose everyone here can guess what happened! My third attempt proved much better; no spill-ages. :-) I didn't even think of staples instead of tape. I will have to do some experiments with the next batch and see how it goes.


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Grocery Store Garlic is no Good
I know that grocery store garlic was sprayed on. So gardeners should plant them.
I have quite a few cloves of garlic that sent out greet shoots. So instead of throwing them away, I planted them. From the beginning, they grew a couple of inches. But have stopped growing. I think the spray made them not to grow any more.
I just do not know why they sent out the green shoots in the first place.
I'll probably dig up them and use them. Then get the good garlic in the fall for planting.
They are probably from China since a whole lot of garlic is coming from there. We have no idea what they use as a sprout deterrent but 9 out of 10 cloves I've purchased have a dark heart. Not good eating.
IMO ordering garlic to plant online is preferable but you may want to check farmers in your area that offer garlic at their farmers markets stands and plant those. They would be local and grown in the right climate you live in.
A great reason to grow your own garlic is to ensure that it hasn't been treated with growth inhibitors, fungicides, insecticides and/or bleached with chlorine to make it look whiter. At a minimum, imported garlic has been treated with growth inhibitors and likely one or more of the others.


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I purchased one of these for myself several years ago. Although I have a double bed I bought the king size so I could have lots of coverage. Since then I have purchased one for my Dad, Daughter, Son and now my Brother. They ALL love them as much as I do. They are extremely light weight but very, very warm and the outer fabric is akin a a very very soft suade. I use NO heat in my house at night, and my flannel sheets and this blanket are all I need, and I live in Oklahoma and we have some horrific winters. I cannot recommend this blanket enough. You will not be disappointed not only is this an incredible product the price is amazing too. I have bought one in every color and they are all lovely. I have down comforters but actually prefer this because it is less bukly.
Not as thick as it looks in the picture, but extremely soft and even though I'm using it in the middle of January in Chicago, it's considerably warm.
This is a lightweight down alternative blanket that is just what I wanted for my bed in the summer. It's a generous size for my king-sized bed. For the price, I would definitely purchase it again.
I bought this blanket to use as a bedspread in the summer months when the comforter is just too warm. It works great for that. The picture is a bit misleading, only because it doesn't show that the construction really is just like a blanket, with the satin edge at the top and everything. I wasn't expecting that, but it really doesn't bother me. It is very comfortable. The picture also doesn't reflect that the material is really a bit shiny, almost slippery. Again, this doesn't detract from the comfort, just not what I expected.
Love love this thin comforter, fabric is so soft nice size we have king bed and can't ever find something big enough thumbs up.
Good size, quality workmanship of material and nice price!
Great price great comforter
We purchased several of these blankets for a vacation rental house. They are extremely soft, warm without being too heavy, and have held up through two years of use and washings.
Purchased for RV. warm and light weight. Washed they still looked nice.
I've purchased several of these blankets and have been very happy with them. They are just what we need living in Florida, and we use them all year. They wash and dry very well and hold up to reapeated washings, necessary because the cat loves them as much as we do! My only complaint is the binding gets pilled looking in time...but they're so inexpensive that I just replace it and the old one becomes a great puppy crate liner.
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Was £14.00 - £15.00
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Girl's gold corsage detail glitter pumps
Item No.2310102028
Your little girl will love teaming these gold glitter pumps from bluezoo with her pretty summer dresses and skirts. They have a woven trim with a large corsage detail to the toe and a comfy rip tape strap.
This item is available for
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Next or Named Day Delivery
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Monday to Friday - order by 7pm - £4.99
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Monday to Sunday - order by 10pm - £6.99
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- Upper: man made material
- Lining: textile
- Sole: man made material


text:
(2) Villanova Wildcats
Record: 28-4 How they got here: At-large bid Strengths: The Wildcats usually pounce right out of the gate, pushing the tempo and firing away from long range to gain an early edge. Villanova entered the final week of the regular season ranked No. 30 nationally in scoring (78.5 ppg.) Senior guard... Howard Smith, USA Today Sports


text:
Chill Hours Tracker for Rabbiteye Varieties: Houston, TX
Hi Folks,
Thought I'd share my low-tech Chill Tracker. The datasource is wunderground.com (specifically Station 7 at Air Liquide in the Heights). The chart counts hours in which the temp ranges from 32-45 F. I'll be updating this post as winter progresses.
This post was edited by sun-junkie on Tue, Jan 1, 13 at 14:06
Background: Usually by this time of year (mid December) my bushes are quite red. Still full green at the moment, while my hair is going gray! Fingers crossed we get enough cool temps for good yields.
This post was edited by sun-junkie on Thu, Dec 13, 12 at 13:57
A chart like that is a good idea. I am putting up a weather station at my place in the country like the one they use. I can download everything to my computer and keep track of the temperatures. I can then chart the amount of chill hours I get there.
Very nice Sunjunkie, what part of Houston are you in and what varieties do you have? My Rabbiteyes are mostly still green as well except for Austin which is turning color just a little! Right now I have Woodard, Brightwell, Beckyblue, Bluegem, Alapaha and Austin. Last season I only fruited Becky, bright well and Woodard. BrIghtwell stole the show for taste. How long have you been growing Rabbiteyes here? Do you grow any Southern High Bush? I'm in Seabrook and got a yard full of blueberry plants!
Hey Blue, we're near the Heights. Growing 2 Climax and 2 Brightwell (for now). Planted them in Spring '09. They were 2 y/o then so they're coming up on 5 years now. I made the mistake of planting 4 bushes in a raised 4' x 14' bed. Need to find a new home two and give the others the room they deserve. They're 100% organic. I feed MicroLife 2x per year, Super Seaweed or MaxiCrop for Fe, and maintain ph by replacing the top layer of sphagnum peat yearly. -That's a must when watering w/ Houston tap I've learned.
We got about a gallon this year, roughly 1 quart from each bush. The Climax were large, juicy, and very sweet. Pretty uniformed in size, almost commercial looking. The Brightwell were smaller mostly w/ a few giants. The flavor varied from sweet to tart, maybe due to the longer ripening season.
Right on, I use Micro life fert also exclusively. I always check my ph in the spring and if it's a little above 5, I will use micro life azalea and belowe 5 ph just regular micro life. I fert in Feb, July and sept but will probably cut out the sept feeding for the Rabbiteyes. They are already tall enough and last summer I had to cut them back at least 2-3 ft after harvest so I could reach them this spring. So far I've been able to grow all them organically but it is a struggle, especially with the Southern High Bush. Spinosad has some what controlled my thrip problems but it just about got out of control last August. Eventually I may have to use some kinda chemical pesticide to control them. I think they are becoming immune to spinosad in my yard. I just received my order of Surround (kaolin Clay) in the mail and will try that this next year. What kind of soil mix did you use for your raised beds? Do you use sulfer at all?
I used 50/50 peat & composted organic veg soil from Living Earth. Used to mulch w/ cedar till I learned not to. Now I use aged hardwood. (Pine needles get everywhere). Haven't had trip yet thankfully. Some fungal rust issues one year but the pecan tree which was overhead has since been removed. Tried amending soil w/ sulfur once when I saw signs of chlorosis. It's slow to activate though so I just roll w/ fresh Peat. They like their seaweed and bioform sprays too once in a while. It's been a school of hard knocks but we're seeing good results now. Can't wait to have a bigger yard!
Hi FortAngela,
All the data is within the 'local weather' tab. Select 'monthly' to determine which days meet the criteria of Unfortunately we don't have an established site to use for TX like those provided by major universities in CA, IL, AL, FL, etc.... C'mon Aggies! Let's see something kewl besides those maroon carrots!
I live near the Air Liquide site. Where can I buy Woodard Rabbiteyes? Wabash has only Tifblue, Bightwell and Climax. Buchanan's has only Tifblue and Climax. I purchased a Climax and a Tifblue may years ago. One died -- I'm not sure which. The survivor is about 7 feet tall. Which variety would make a good pollenator?
If you want to order Rabbiteyes, Just Fruits and Exotics in florida has the most varieties that I've found on line. I have Woodard and haven't been very impressed with the berries at all. Maybe they get better with age? I hope that's the case. If it doesn't get better fruit this year its gone. If I were you I would get Brightwell. Its hands down the best Rabbiteye in my collection. I live in Seabrook just south of Houston and the plant grows and fruits great in this area. The only problem I had with brightwell is leaf fungus if spring is really wet like last spring and the berries will split when ripening if it rains really hard. The cool thing about brightwell is the berries are sweet as soon as they turn blue so if it's going to rain you can pick them with a little red on there back and they are still great. Last spring I fruited Brightwell, Beckyblue and Woodard. Bright well stole the show and my family liked them better than my Southern High Bush. This year I will fruit the same ones along with Blue Gem, Alapaha and Austin. I will report my results but I'm willing to bet that Brightwell will again steal the show.


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30 Black-and-White Pieces To Shop Now
Kate Upton's claim to fame has a lot to do with little clothing—the model became a household name after gracing the cover of Sports Illustrated's swimsuit issue in 2012 and again in 2013. She got her start appearing in Guess ads and posing for Victoria's Secret, before becoming a sought-after face for magazine editorials and for companies, such as Mercedes-Benz and Carl's Jr. restaurants. There is no denying her appeal. Upton embodies the word bombshell with blonde locks, killer curves, and sexy head-turning style to boot.
Here, she stands out in an emerald Diane von Furstenberg dress at the 2013 Met Gala.


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Econo Lodge
20 Lower Malpeque Road
Charlottetown, PE C1E 1R4
Phone: (902) 368-1110
Fax: (902) 368-1110
»Luna Eclectic Emporium
Luna Eclectic Emporium sells clothing, jewelery, and home decor. This little shop in Charlottetown offers funky styles at reasonable prices for the younger age bracket. So hit Prince Edward Island in style after stocking up at Luna Eclectic Emporium.
»The Great Canadian Soap Company
Pamper yourself with products like Mango Papaya Shea Butter Lotion or Sweet Orange Bath Salts. But definitely be sure to pick up a Honey and Cream Goat Milk Soap Bar. The goat milk soaps have made this store as well known as it is today. The products are handcrafted on Prince Edward Island, locals and visitors alike go to the Great Canadian Soap Company to meet their cosmetic needs.
»Island Winds
Bring home a musical souvenir from Island Winds. If a postcard or tee-shirt just doesn't appeal to you, try the beautifully made wind chimes of Prince Edward Island. The tubing of the chimes is cut so precisely (within .0001 inch) for accuracy of pitch. The owner and artisan of the store insists that you will hear the difference in his products.
»Rustico Bay Wool Sweater Company
Offering wool sweaters, hats, scarves and gloves; Rustico Bay Wool Sweater Company may not be the most logical shopping spot for your summer vacation. However, while it may be warm out when you visit, come Winter, you'll be glad you stopped by this one-of-a kind store. They also sell pattern books, jewelry and socks.
»Pottery by the Sea
Pottery by the Sea offers stoneware and porcelain pottery perfect for decoration or daily use. The store even offers a line of products decorated with scenes from picturesque Prince Edward Island. Stop by this one-of-a-kind shop for a truly unique souvenir.
»Island Chocolates Company
Victoria by the Sea is a welcome respite from the large hotels and noisy highways of the more tourist-trodden areas of the island. The Island Chocolates Company adds to a picturesque location with handmade Belgian chocolates. Coffee and tea beverages and baked goods are also served here. After a chocolate and a cappuccino have gotten you in the mood, be sure to visit the nearby antique shop, glass art studio or book store. Victoria by the Sea is a perfect place to spend a lazy summer afternoon by the sea.
»The Master's Pieces
The Master's Pieces offers a wide variety of fabric goods. From tea cozies to table runners to eyeglass cases, the owner uses batik cottons to create dozens of unique, handcrafted goods. Located in Breadlbane, a vacation souvenir from this store can't be found anywhere else.
»Right Off the Batt Pottery
Right Off The Batt Pottery sells beautiful, yet durable, stoneware pottery. The iron oxide used, colors the product a red that mimics the natural coloring of Prince Edward Island's soil and cliffs. Pieces that brandish the Celtic knot design or Canadian maple leaf pattern make for amazing souvenirs that will last a lifetime. Plates, jugs, vases and platters come in a variety of colors including green, blue and red. All pieces are heated at a very high temperature in a kiln.
»Gallery 18
At Gallery 18, you'll find a wide variety of goods. Inventory includes art, vintage maps, period books and antique posters. After browsing the impressive collection, check out the genuine carriage house from the early 20th century behind the gallery. Located in New London on the north shore of the island, the gallery is highly accessible from Rustico or Cavendish.


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Chris Van Leuven / March 27
Gwen Cameron / March 26
Matt Samet and Chris Van Leuven / March 23
Chris Van Leuven / March 18
Chris Kalman and Chris Van Leuven / March 13
Matt Samet / March 11
Matt Van Biene / March 18
John Price / March 6
When Charlie Porter died on February 23, 2014, he left behind a legacy of underreported adventures. Yet his friends never forgot their experiences with him. Gary Bocarde, Sibylle Hechtel, Alan Burgess, Russell McLean, Stephen Venables and Greg Landreth share a few memories of one of the twentieth century's greatest climbers. With an introduction by Matt Samet.
Read the stories as we progressively post them throughout the week.
American Alpine Club | Access Fund | Mountain Project
The ACCESS FUND the national advocacy organization that keeps U.S. climbing areas open and conserves the climbing environment, representing over 2.3 million climbers nationwide in all forms of climbing: rock, ice, mountaineering, and bouldering. lorem


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IBANEZ RG620ex Electric Guitar Piezo !banez! (Downtown)
1 days ago in Denver, CO
features the piezo saddles by LR Baggs. Most electric guitars with piezo pickups cost big bucks On SpreadMyAd via Oodle.com
BEAUTIFUL Hamer Stellar guitar (aurora)
26 days ago in Denver, CO
This is a really nice guitar made by Hamer, the Stellar. It has a beautiful arched top on it, and it... On SpreadMyAd via Oodle.com


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Pin 'em up: No-frills sticky notes tool
Productivity Sauce
Sticky notes utilities for Linux are a dime a dozen these days, so what makes Pin 'em up so special? For starters, it's written in Java, so it runs happily on different platforms -- a boon for users who have to deal with different operating systems on a daily basis. Pin 'em up also lets you categorize your notes, and you can define as many categories as you need. To edit the default list of categories, right-click on the Pin 'em up icon and choose category actions -> Manage categories. You can then specify the categories you want and assign specific note colors to each category.
The Settings item in the Pin 'em up menu lets you tweak the utility's settings. For example, you can adjust the notes' default size and position in the Notes Default Settings section. The Load/Save section allows you to specify FTP settings, so you can keep your sticky notes in sync on different machines via an FTP server. This is a very useful feature, albeit a rather simple one. It only allows you to download and upload Pin 'em up data files, overwriting the existing local or remote file. This means that you have to remember where you have the latest data file, on your machine or on the FTP server. Using Pin 'em up, you can also export your notes as a plain text file, and the utility allows you to export all notes or only those belonging to specific categories. While Pin 'em up is not the most advanced sticky notes tool out there, it offers all the basic features and does its job rather well. So if you are in the market for a no-frills sticky notes tool, Pin 'em up is definitely worth a closer look.comments powered by Disqus
Issue 174/2015
Buy this issue as a PDF
Microsoft Frees Code for .NET Build Engine
MSBuild is now just another GitHub project as Redmond continues its path to the light.
Researchers Demonstrate Hack by Heat
Malware could pass data and commands between disconnected computers without leaving a trace on the network.
Kernel Developers Adopt Code of Conflict
New rules emphasize collegiality in coding.
Ubuntu Switches to systemd
Upstart lands in the dust bin as a new era begins for Linux.
Old Vulnerabilities Are Kept Alive Through Bad Configuration
HP's annual Cyber Risk report offers a bleak look at the state of IT.
Linus Torvalds Announces Linux 4.0
But what do the big numbers really mean?
Microsoft Frees CoreCLR
.NET Core execution engine is the basis for cross-platform .NET implementations.
New Trojan Attacks Linux Servers
The Xnote trojan hides itself on the target system and will launch a variety of attacks on command.
Cisco Releases Annual Security Report
Spammers go low-volume, and 90% of IE browsers are unpatched.
Zero Day Exploits Target Flash
Adobe scrambles to release patches for vulnerable Flash Player.


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South Padre Island Cottage Rentals(4)
4 Results
Didn't find what you're looking for?
View all 1091 South Padre Island Vacation Rentals or all 4365 Texas Gulf Coast Vacation Rentals
Recent South Padre Island Reviews
Nice beach house for the price
The listing description was accurate and the layout was better than the pictures. It was nice for our family and it was close to the beach! The property was clean and well-maintained and the furnishings were comfortable. The manager provided us information on where to eat, how to find discounts, coupons and how and where to catch fish!!. I would recommend this property to families looking for a quiet way to vacation. The doors are locked with a code system not a key, so you don't need to take a key to the beach and no one is locked out. That was a nice perk.
Wonderful beach house!
The house is right on the beach. Very roomy and we had everything we needed. Richard is great--so welcoming and accommodating. Fantastic! Previously we had rented 2 other properties that Richard manages and they were also so nice and comfy. The view from this one takes your breath away.


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Gamebryo is a flexible, cross-platform game development engine and toolset, optimized for current- and future-generation game development in any genre. Gamebryo accelerates your project, whether you're creating your prototype or first-playable, streamlining your production pipeline, or targeting multiple consoles.
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Please do not click on the links on the top of the page. They do not belong to my art work and will take you away from my paintings
My website
My watercolour website
Beatrice Cloake Fine Art ARTIST PAINTER
My work is made of emotions. I only paint what appeals to me and move my senses.
Probably this is the reason why I feel the need to paint so many different subjects.
Member of the National Acrylic Painters Association
Designers and Artists Copyright Society
Listed in Who's Who in Art uk
Acquisition Manager Fine Art in Solo group
Please note that all my work is Copyright Protected by the Designers and Artists Copyright Society of which I am a member These works do not belong to the public domain
I was born in the world of Art. My father was a Master in stained glass windows. We had stained glass all around us, even in our kitchen.
I have worked along side my father in his studio, the rest is history.
If you are not bored you could have a look at my achievements otherwise, you might like to browse through my portfolio.
Thank you for taking an interest in my work.
See my work in the 'Magicians of Still Life' exhibition,
sponsored by Solo Exhibition,
curated by Beatrice Cloake
Magicians of Still Life
June 2014 Invitational Exhibition
Still Life Paintings group
sponsored by Solo Exhibition
If you are an artist and want to paint, join me
My own studio
See my work in Painters Academics' For the Love of Art,
sponsored by Solo Exhibition
September 2013 Juried Invitational Exhibition
Join me at the Juried Invitational Exhibition…
August 2013 Juried Invitational Exhibition
Join me at the Juried Invitational Exhibition…
Come see my work in Diversity in Watercolour, sponsored by Solo Exhibition!
Sally Sargent Fine Art Award
Overall Excellence in Fine Art
SoJie 16, June 2012
Sally Sargent Fine Art Award
Excellence in Portraying Light and Shadow
SoJie 16, June 2012
Join me at the Juried Invitational Exhibition…
Join me at the Juried Invitational Exhibition…
May 2012 Juried Invitational Exhibition
Collaboration Originality of Translation
3rd Place
SoJie 14, October 2011
October 2011 Juried Invitational Exhibition
May 2011 Juried Invitational Exhibition
TOP PAGE ON REDBUBBLE – 7th April 2011


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Customer Reviews for
Emma-Jean Lazarus Fell in Love
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Posted March 30, 2012
This book is so good and unique! It's a great read, fun and exciting! This book really connected with me as a person and will probably do the same with you!
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted February 3, 2011
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Vocation? Discernment? Priesthood? ~ The FSSP Vocation Video Part 2 of 3
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Uploaded by Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter on Sep 3, 2010
Discover how one seminary receives a man and prepares him for his transformation into an Alter Christus, "Another Christ". Watch this 28 minute vocation video at http://gloria.tv/?media=95133 or http://vimeo.com/14474135 or http://www.fsspolgs.org/vocations.html
Priesthood Vocation Discernment Seminary Vocation video
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Rated 4 out of 5 by 582 reviewers.
Rated 4 out of 5 by ThomasGe Great location and amazing views Location is great, close to to Robson street and 15-20 min walk to the waterfront. Amazing views from the 33rd floor (South tower). Room had a decent size and the bed was really comfortable. Hotel was fully booked, therefore no upgrades available. However we received late check out till 2.00pm. Staff was friendly and helpful. Probably will try another hotel for my next trip to Vancouver. May 29, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by WEJAJ Great service Excellent service as always at the Sheraton Wall Centre. Both check-in and check-out was speedy. Staff are very professional and courteous and will go the extra mile to ensure your stay is enjoyable. Any questions about where to eat or find a good pub with live music...just ask the staff. Thanks again Sheraton....you easily have the best rates, the best beds in town and exceptional service. September 9, 2013
Rated 3 out of 5 by longrunlisa bad check in experience I travel alot with business, hence the gold status. It definatley is a perk I enjoy. when we checked in there was a long line up and I went to the gold checkin desk but was not serviced in a timely manor, in fact the agent did not even recognize or ask any of us in line if we were Gold, she didnt seem to care. When we finally checked in no upgrade was offered or a late check out. July 2, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by Hollywoodtmv Club Lounge The hotel is ok, but the south tower needs a bit more room upgrading. The disappointment is the Club Lounge, it is ok but the food and beverage provided was well below par for the benefit. Was not worth the $50 upcharge. There should be some music playing in the background, way too quite. SPG check-in counter needs to be separate from the general check-in as it is confusing to all guests. October 28, 2013
Rated 4 out of 5 by Van271 Nice hotel, but a few issues Great location and modern facility. No recognition for Gold level, in fact not sure if they have a dedicated floor as other SPG hotels. No options given at registration. Elevators very slow and initial wait to get up to my room (7th floor) took almost 20 minutes. Wait staff at cafe were very attentive. Paperless bills great in theory, but am still waiting for a final bill after 24 hours. April 15, 2013
Rated 3 out of 5 by xghtq12 Disappointing Have stayed at several Sheraton's found this time to be somewhat lacking for the following reasons: cost significantly higher than nearby Guildford Sheraton, rooms much smaller than Guildford, no in room coffee, parking rates ridiculous (Guildford, is free for government rates). Although I will likely stay at the Sheraton in the future, I doubt it will be this one. August 3, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Weather2000 Good Location On a business trip, so stayed for two nights only. Great location, close to downtown Vancouver, but good access to leisure areas such as Stanley Park. Initially found the location of the restaurant in the 'other' tower a little tricky to find - breakfast really good, but evening dinner a little disjointed, with inordinately long wait for food. Shame! Needs addressing.... July 21, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by Traveler1324 The room was nice, but the staff was not useful The hotel has nice facilities and I was pleasantly surprised by the room. However, the hotel was disagreeable with dealing with third party billing. Several calls had to be made to the hotel on this account and then staff was unaccommodating of arrangements that had been made over the phone. Also, the staff seemed less welcoming towards college aged patrons than families or businessmen. March 30, 2013
Rated 4 out of 5 by abc123 rooms very noisy While the junior suite was very nice, the room was very noisy. We could hear the street noise even though we were on the 24th floor. We could also hear the other guests in nearby rooms - we could literally hear their conversations and what TV shows they were watching. It is too bad they could not sound-proof the rooms a little better. Other than that, we enjoyed our stay at this hotel. May 23, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by RickMerls Most Excellent Atmosphere for an Urban Vacation! Finding an inner City spot to take an 8-day vacation can be quite tricky, especially when we (your guests) had never been in Vancouver prior to this visit. Yet, our experience at the Wall Centre was definitely spectacular; the staff was incredibly attentive to the small details that make a great stay. The gym/ pool/sauna and spa areas were more than sufficient to unwind and relax, while our room (located in the 29th floor) was spacious, clean and well decorated. The hotel provided a delightful nightly atmosphere using Latin-vibes and the performance of a talented duo, pianist vocalist and singer (Ramiro & Jesus); this is an stupendous idea as it complimented its 'Bar One' in the front lobby as a friendly Bartender (Eric) handled delightful mixed drinks. The receptionists (Melissa/Hansu/Alice) were most welcoming at front reception; they kept us up to date with events while scheduling our wake up calls, and in directing us on our daily treks around the City using maps. It is with great enthusiasm I applaud and thank the entire team at the Sheraton Wall Centre in Vancouver Canada and a special thanks to its management also for developing a team that is responsible, caring and most attentive of hosts. October 30, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by GHinPDX King room was bigger than expected As an SPG Gold member I booked on points and received an upgrade. The room in the North Tower had half the room as windows, plenty of room with a small couch and chair, in addition to a work table and king bed. The location is great for my needs and the bed almost kept me from getting up - it was so comfortable! Valet was excellent although the price for parking is a bit steep there. September 6, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by bwiscons Great Hotel - Great Location I enjoyed my stay at the Sheraton Wall Centre in Vancouver. All of the staff with whom I interacted were pleasant, helpful, and professional. The room's A/C was a bit noisy and the room was rather small, but the staff more than made up for those small issues. I really liked the location - close to the convention center, but lots of small and diverse restaurants and parks in the area. July 2, 2013
Rated 3 out of 5 by AlwaysJetSetting Not up to Sheraton Standards Ive stayed at many Sheraton hotels, this one just didnt reach the standard that the Sheraton name carries. The room we stayed in was outdated and really lacking in appeal. When we booked, we were told we would get a great view. When we got there we got a great view of the valet. Overall, i would not stay at this particular Sheraton location, but would stay at a Sheraton hotel again. August 15, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by happyinvancouver Perfect location, fabulous view We stayed 2 nights and walked to all the attractions we wanted to see. Robson St, Yaletown, ferry to Granville Island, Gas Town and Davie street. Our view across the fountain to the old churches, hospital and hills beyond was great. When we got ready to leave we had a dead battery and hotel staff provided a free start up service. Sheraton's reliable excellent service is appreciated! September 30, 2012
Rated 5 out of 5 by Jonesj1s Most comfortable beds ever!!! I was in Vancouver for a conference. This was my first visit to Canada and the hotel was in the center of everything. I could walk to shopping areas, to the beach, to eateries, bars, etc. I enjoyed my stay here. Only problem was that the electrical outlet in my bathroom did not work. I was told that it would take a day to fix it and was given an extension cord. No big deal though. July 27, 2012
Rated 3 out of 5 by Jaguarstef Good but not great To be improved: Swimming pool water not clear and not clean Very small bathroom with toilet for a family suite. Breakfast in restaurant. Busy, smelly, low choices. No replacement of shower cap and ear buds. Poor room services meals: nachos, club sandwich , Cobb salad to be tasted by managers. No recognition or advantage of gold status. Nice: room windows and view . Location. Beds July 6, 2013
Rated 3 out of 5 by Denis8 Frequent user My reservation was wrong and the room booked in the South Tower. Room was very basic and small. I expressed my disappointment and the manager on duty stated that nothing could be done. It is clear that I was sold the room knowing well that the North Tower was sold out. Therefore the agent who booked the room was misleading. Overall very disappointed how the issue was addressed. January 23, 2013
Rated 3 out of 5 by bellafamilia Not meeting expectations Very uncomfortable bed / duvet was too heavy. Very noisy with windows open... but that's expected with downtown hotel.Opted for "green option" to re-use towels but beds were not made? We spend all day out Saturday, back late Sat night & surprised to see room was not made? too late & too tired to call desk about it! We expect a higher standard from Sheraton. July 28, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by JohnR1 Relaxing place to stay My wife and son stayed at this property at the end of July and appreciated the staff responsiveness to our issues. One night our room air conditioning was not working well (wouldn't go below 70 degrees) and management worked to resolve the issue until we were comfortable. They checked with us each morning to make sure we had a good nights sleep. August 13, 2014
Rated 2 out of 5 by Holiday33 Hotel needs improvements 1. Room needs update, bathroom's faucet is loose. 2. I had to wait to check in my room (after 3pm). recommend to hire more cleaning staff during busy time and improve communication between the front desk and the cleaning staff. 3. Recommend front desk staff to be more personable such as remembering hotel guests by name and transitioning responsibilities when leaving shift. September 6, 2012
Rated 4 out of 5 by NotAnAlaskanMountainMan Great location, bad location? The room was a bit small, but reasonably well designed. Staff was excellent. Sleep quality could benefit from much greater soundproofing from outdoor noises (e.g., motorcycles and police sirens all night). I didn't try the restaurants but if conference catering is any indication, the food was done well. The downtown location is both a blessing and a curse. July 17, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by Glendale1 Great Service The service was outstanding and the check-in agent, Amber was very professional and helpful. Even though I had problems flying into Vancouver, she took care of everything and took the stress out of a difficult day. We really enjoyed our short stay. All fo the staff were very curteous and helpful. Great recommendations on where to go and things to do in the area. June 27, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Goofy FIREWORKS & A CLOUD NINE EXPERIENCE If ever I was speechless it was during my stay for the long weekend in August. What a magnificent experience to view the fireworks with my family and friends from my spacious balcony!. My stay was above and beyond what I could ever have expected. Beautiful spacious upgrade for an unforgettable weekend! Everything was absolutely perfect. August 17, 2014
Rated 3 out of 5 by mpv06 Room location and cleanliness Four feedbacks 1. Room was located near elevator, didnt have good sleep. 2. Cleanliness also needs improvement, bedsheet was not cleaned. 3. Customer service when checked did not greeted well. 4. Ordered couple of things (Shaving kit, tooth brush kit), was given at reception instead of delivering to room. I was carrying in hand which seems to be quite uncomfortable. June 29, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by board2014 Great Staff Everyone was very helpful and responsive as a great team. October 28, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by YoucancallmeAl Excellent Hotel in centre of Downtown Vancouver We were kindly allowed to check in fairly early to a very comfortable room for a family of 3 adults. Had a great view from North tower 21st Floor. Excellent facilities all round. Very friendly & helpful staff. Good central location in Downtown Vancouver. We really enjoyed our weekend stay completing our sightseeing of the city & beyond. August 13, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Canuck Sheraton's high standards Beds were so comfortable. Could've stayed in them all day except there's so much to see in the area. Great location. Staff were all so friendly. Just be prepared for $30 self parking rate which is standard for downtown Vancouver. We liked that there's no up charge for using their valet services. Never did find an onsite restaurant although there's so many in the area. May 6, 2013
Rated 5 out of 5 by Phil77 Rotary Conference 2014 My wife and I thoroughly enjoyed our stay. We had the opportunity to use the accommodations, fine dining, and conference facilities, all of which were well done. The Sheraton, being in the center of Vancouver, made it very convenient for walking , and close to many city attractions. Nice attention to detail from the individual to a large group of over five hundred. April 28, 2014
Rated 2 out of 5 by 2014BT Convenient Location Good downtown Vancouver location for business travelers. South tower rooms need a facelift and renovations. Quality of service is generally good, but can be spotty with some of the junior staff. The treatment of customers with SPG status also lacks consistency. Sometimes you are treated to all your status privileges and sometimes they are ignored. It's hit and miss. April 5, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by ak20146 Beautiful Room and Views Great place for a conference. Close to all attractions and nice hotel. October 26, 2014


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"Irish humour at its best"
If you like hunourous short stories, this is a great book. I think I have pretty much read all of Maeve Binchy's books, narrated by her daughter Kate Binchy and this is a lovely lighthearted look at Christmas and all that it entails.
"Good modern drama"
I normally read detective stories, but decided to try this author out - I really enjoyed it. A good narrator and an interesting and developing story line. I would recommend this book, but especially to women.
"Gripping story"
This is a very thought-provoking and fulfilling read by Jodi Picoult, with excellent narrators and subject matter that would pluck at the heart strings of any reader. An excellent read.
"Another great story by R D Wingfield"
I really like this author and his characters, having watched the TV series years ago. Especially good because it is narrated by David Jason, who played Inspector Frost in the TV series. Great humour and great story line.
Another great book by R D Wingfield - plenty of suspense and more of that great Inspector Frost Bristish sense of humour. I've listened to this one many times
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Experience Stone Mountain Park's legendary Lasershow Spectacular in Mountainvision from the comfort and convenience of a reserved seat. The Lasershow Terraces give you the best seat in the house, featuring an outstanding view of the mountain, its famous carving and the world's longest running lasershow.
Lasershow Dinner Terrace seating includes:
Lasershow Terrace Seat
Buffet dinner that will leave you satisfied with the following:
Entrées: Pulled BBQ Pork with Kaiser Bun and Fried Chicken
Sides: Vegetarian baked beans, potato salad, rolls
Dessert: Ice cream cup
Beverages: Assorted Bottle Sodas & water
Unlimited popcorn that can be enjoyed until the start of the show
Free glow item
*Seating begins three hours prior to Lasershow, and dinner will be served until one hour before show. Then, enjoy popcorn and drinks until the show starts!
Buy a full price Adventure Pass online and get a FREE meal and unlimited drink refills! Includes access to all of your favorite attractions.
Learn More
Celebrate Spring Break with exciting NEW adventures including RIO: The 4-D Experience, Clint Carvalho's Extreme Parrots Show, the April Fool's Magic Show and more!
Save $5 Per Ticket When You Buy Online. Includes access to exciting attractions, live entertainment (seasonal), and more!
Mountain Members PLUS enjoy FREE admission to Snow Mountain*, 12 full months of action-packed adventures and big savings!
We are proud to partner with Humana to honor our Veterans and the men and women of the armed forces.


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It was also already known that ubiquitin chains are added to the protein using three different enzymes, dubbed E1, E2, and E3. Simply put, E1 activates ubiquitin for transfer, then passes it over to E2. E3 then gets into the act. A form of E3 called a RING ligase (RING stands for "really interesting new gene") plays a key role in the tagging of cyclin E and β-Catenin; according to Pierce, the RING ligase "simultaneously binds to E2 and the target protein (like cyclin E), and then causes E2 to transfer the ubiquitin to the target protein."
Despite all of this knowledge, one question has remained: is the chain transferred to the protein in an already assembled form, or are the ubiquitins moved over one at a time?
"The process is so complicated and so fast," Pierce notes, "that we weren't able to see how the chain is actually built."
To address that issue, Pierce created a sort of biological stop-motion animation that allowed the Caltech team to watch every step in the transfer of ubiquitin from E2 onto the cyclin E protein substrate.
"We devised methods to take snapshots of ubiquitin ligase reactions at a rate of up to 100 'pictures' every second," says Deshaies. "This enables us to see things that would normally evade detection. "
Previous studies had looked at the reaction on the scale of seconds or minutes, Pierce adds. But through an innovative use of a laboratory tool called a quench-flow machinea machine that allows for extreme precision in the stopping, or "quenching," of a reactionthe team was able to look at what was going on over intervals of just 10 milliseconds in both yeast and human proteins.
"Prior methods did not have sufficient time resolution to see what was going on," says Deshaies. "It's as if you gave an ice-cream cone to a kid and took pictures every minute. You would see the ice cream disappear from the first photo to the next, but since the pictures are to
|Contact: Lori Oliwenstein
California Institute of Technology


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Known for sunflowers, fields of wheat and Midwestern charm, Kansas is full of fun and exciting attractions for visitors to enjoy. Whether you're traveling to the Sunflower State for business or leisure, our Comfort Suites Kansas hotels provide relaxing accommodations and the amenities you need to feel refreshed and ready for the day ahead.
Explore the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve. Experience the excitement of a NASCAR race at the Kansas Speedway. Get a taste of the Wild West in Dodge City or visit the Oz Museum to view one of the largest collections of Wizard of Oz memorabilia. By booking a room at one of our Kansas hotels, you can create a memorable stay.
At Comfort Suites hotels, we're committed to your suite success. Most rooms include refrigerators, microwaves and sofa beds, so you can enjoy the comforts of home during your stay. Our hotels are smoke-free, and most locations offer a free hot breakfast, free Grab It & Go breakfast bags for early risers, free high-speed Internet and a 24-7 business center. Choose from one of our Kansas hotels below and enjoy friendly service at a reasonable price.
Comfort Suites Speedway - Kansas City
3000 N. 103rd Terrace
Comfort Suites
1020 Hostetler Drive
Comfort Suites
704 Allison
Comfort Suites
715 W Schilling Road
Comfort Suites
6213 SW 10th Street
Comfort Suites Airport
7515 West Taft Street


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Holiday Entertaining 2008
Santa's Little Helpers: Stars Get Naughty – and Nice! – for the Holidays
The Spellings, Kanye, Britney and more show they're no grinches this holiday season
Credit: Theo Wargo/WireImage
Updated: Sunday Dec 21, 2008 | 06:00 AM EST
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