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Golf hotels in Laguna Beach, Nevada. With Hotels.com you can search through a great selection of Laguna Beach Golf hotels to find the perfect one for you. Make sure you don't miss out by booking online today and enjoying last minute deals and offers on many Golf hotels in Laguna Beach.
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Golf hotels within 5 miles of Laguna Beach
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The Resort at Pelican Hill
Outstanding 4.8 / 5 ( 294 reviews )
265 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Loved this hotel. The cafe was not staffed properly and had to wait 40 minutes for coffee and pastries. Other than that, it was great!"
A Traveller, Mar 2015, US
The Villas at Pelican Hill Resort
Outstanding 4.7 / 5 ( 24 reviews )
61 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"wonderful food. bathrooms had no fans in them. outlets kept blowing fuses. master bedroom bathroom shower had very poor water pressure."
A Traveller, Sep 2014, US
Golf hotels within 10 miles of Laguna Beach
The St. Regis Monarch Beach Resort
Excellent 4.5 / 5 ( 78 reviews )
77 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Hotel and facilities are excellent. Location and access to golf and beach also very good. Transportation to and from the airport, parking and or distance and transportation cost to and from local restaurants is just too much. Will make me reconsider next time as good on site is extremely overpric..."
A Traveller, Nov 2014, US


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en Latest science, authors, issues - from climate change, oceans, forests, pollution, Peak Oil, the economy, and peace. Ready for re-broadcast, computer, IPOD, or mp3 player. Creative commons copyright. As heard on over 85 college & radio stations. Show blog published Wednesdays. New music-maker's blog at http://www.abmsound.com/
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BROKEN FUTURE NEWS Wed Mar 25, 2015 21:09 | firstname.lastname@example.com (Alex Smith)
Find Kevin's web site here.
As I reported in my Radio Ecoshock show in 2012:
"In a devastating speech at the University of Bristol Tuesday November 6th, 2012, Professor Kevin Anderson accused too many climate scientists of keeping quiet about the unrealistic assessments put out by governments, and our awful odds of reaching global warming far above the proposed 2 degree safe point.
In fact, says Anderson, we are almost guaranteed to reach 4 degrees of warming, as early as 2050, and may soar far beyond that - beyond the point which agriculture, the ecosystem, and industrial civilization can survive.
Kevin Anderson is from the UK's premier climate modeling institution, the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, and the University of Manchester. He delivered the speech 'Real Clothes for the Emperor, Facing the Challenges of Climate Change' at the Cabot Institute of the University of Bristol in Britain."
Read my blog about all that here. A Radio Ecoshock listener made this transcript of that talk.
The speech is still a great listen. Download or listen to the audio of Kevin Anderson in Bristol in CD Quality or Lo-Fi
Is Kevin Anderson more optimistic 3 years later. Hardly. Practically nothing has been done about greenhouse gas emissions in the real world, and years of climate talks have not made any progress.
Still, we talk about new science, and our increasing focus on the details of what will happen as climate disruption sets in.
The climate denialists like to says that climate scientists fly about the world to conferences. Personally, I think these scientists should do exactly that, to meet and match up research. If there is a last plane flying, these are the people who should be on it.
But Kevin Anderson has taken the whole issue to heart, saying each of us must make personal sacrifices. He's pretty well stopped flying. Yes Kevin was just advising the World Bank at a conference in Iceland, but he took a more fuel efficient solution: a rather unpleasant trip on a merchant marine ship. The waves were wicked he told me.
Dr. Anderson will attend the Paris climate talks later this year. He can go by land, using the Chunnel. It's loud and clear. All of us have to re-evaluate who we are and what we do. Are you bored with winter, or just bored, and want to fly to an exotic location? Be sure and kiss the kids and grandkids goodbye, as you add to their future misery...
We talk about new science showing climate change is speeding up, and what it all means. He's a powerful voice, don't miss this interview.
Download or listen to this new Radio Ecoshock interview with Dr. Kevin Anderson in CD Quality or Lo-Fi.
ALAN ROBOCK on NUCLEAR WINTER, GEOENGINEERING AND CLIMATE CHANGE
What if geoengineering to save the climate turns out badly? What could go wrong? Alan Robock has some questions, and the science to back them up.
As a Distingushed Professor of environmental science at Rutgers University, Alan has published over 200 peer-reviewed scientific papers. He's an Editor at the important Earth Sciences journal called "Reviews of Geophysics". Alan has been a lead author in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
I also ask Dr. Robock about another application of climate science: what happens if there is an exchange of nuclear weapons. Could that stop global warming?
Download or listen to this new interview with Dr. Alan Robock in CD Quality or Lo-Fi
I do a lot of research for each guest. To be honest, I don't have time for detailed notes on this week's interview with Alan. It's very powerful, and loaded with science and reality - as befits a major contributor to science, and to the web site realclimate.org.
Instead, I'm going to give you my notes on a web presentation by Alan Robock and some of his students.
Find this online article here.
Reasons geoengineering may be a bad idea
Climate system response
1. Regional climate change, including temperature and precipitation
2. Continued ocean acidification
3. Ozone depletion
4. Effects on plants of changing the amount of solar radiation and partitioning between direct and diffuse
5. Enhanced acid precipitation
6. Effects on cirrus clouds as aerosols fall into the troposphere
7. Whitening of the sky (but nice sunsets)
8. Less solar radiation for solar power, especially for those requiring direct radiation
9. Rapid warming when it stops
10. How rapidly could effects be stopped?
11. Environmental impacts of aerosol injection, including producing and delivering aerosols Unknowns
12. Human error
13. Unexpected consequences (How well can we predict the expected effects of geoengineering? What about unforeseen effects?)
Political, ethical and moral issues
14. Schemes perceived to work will lessen the incentive to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions
15.Use of the technology for military purposes. Are we developing weapons?
16.Commercial control of technology
17. Violates UN Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
18. Could be tremendously expensive
19. Even if it works, whose hand will be on the thermostat? How could the world agree on the optimal climate?
20. Who has the moral right to advertently modify the global climate?
We find a graph showing (a) warming at our current emissions rate up to 2050 (b) SRM by dumping 3 Million tons a year into the Arctic only from 2008 to 2030 (b) Dumping 5 million tons a year into the tropics in the same period, and 10 million tons a year into the tropics.
The Arctic experiment seems to lower Earth's mean temperature by about .2 degrees C, which could be said to counter-act or gain about 20 years in the emissions pathway. After stopping in 2030, the heat level regains entirely the original pathway upward without geoengineering.
The 5 million tons a year into the Tropics has a of about .4 degrees C, but as soon as it stops, it starts an upward curve parallel to the un-geoengineered curve, but lower by about .1 degrees by 2050.
The 10 million tons a year causes a significant drop in temperature, going from .8 degrees C above the 1951 to 1980 mean in 2020, to about .3 degrees below that mean temperature (-3 on the chart). That's a drop of 1 degree C. However, when geoengineering stops in 2030, the temperture rises again to about .1 degree C of where it would have been anyway, or 1 deg C warmer than the 1951 to 1980 mean temperature.
The Arctic drop expands over much of the Northern Hemisphere, but doesn't affect the Southern Hemisphere much. So it would affect acidity or rain and lakes, and reduce sunlight to both crops and solar power installations, in the Northern Hemisphere. The impacts don't stay in the Arctic. The impacts seem greater in Russia's north than in North America.
Precipitation also drops, the planet gets drier as it gets cooler. The tropical drop affects the whole world, but precipitation is greatly impacted in certain spots, like Northern Australia. The precipitation changes more than the temperature.
Note that the Arctic sea ice continues decline even with the 3 MT year drop in the Arctic, not much differently than having not done it at all.
"Both tropical and Arctic SO2 injection would disrupt the Asian and African summer monsoons, reducing precipitation to the food supply for billions of people."
Alan and I discuss "nuclear winter" in our interview. I ask him if he thinks a major nuclear war would lead to human extinction. Unlike Helen Caldicott, he's not so sure it would.
Alan tells us about the "Toba event" that scientists think occured about 74,000 years ago. A huge super-volcano erupted in Indonesia (leaving a hole and lake today). The sun was blotted out for several years, likely decimating plants and animals.
Genetic scientists chimed in that research into the X and Y chromosomes of humans seems to show a "bottleneck" possibly around the same date. Some scientists speculate that humans declined to around 10,000 individuals (for the whole of planet Earth!). That would explain why most of us share some of the same genes.
If we could survive Toba, Robock says, some people somewhere might survive the nuclear winter after a war.
We also talk about what would happen if India and Pakistan got into a "minor" nuclear war, with the smaller weapons they have. There is no "minor" nuclear war. Aside from the millions of people dead, again the cities burn with so much dust that the sun would be dimmed - all over the world! Crops in North America and Europe would suffer greatly. Food shortages would appear.
That means that any nuclear exchange anywhere happens to all of us. We can't just push it aside as a matter in some foreign lands. That is also why nuclear weapons can never be used. We really only bomb ourselves.
Title of Robock talk at the New York City Symposium: (in the morning of Day One, February 28, 2015):
"Nuclear Famine and Nuclear Winter: Climatic Affects of Nuclear War, Catastrophic Affects to the Global Food Supply"
You can listen to or download this 19 minute presentation by Alan here. It was delivered at this "Symposium: The Dynamics of Possible Nuclear Extinction l February 28-March 1, 2015 at The New York Academy of Medicine" sponsored by the Helen Caldicott Foundation (my thanks to Helen, and Dale Lehman of WZRD radio for recording this 19 minute talk).
You can find audio of all the speeches from the Symposium available for free download here.
In ground burst type of nuclear explosion, fires start with tremendous smoke, but also parts of the ground are blown into more particles in the air. Some obscure the sun, some reflect it, so very little sun reaches the ground. That causes rapid drops in surface temperature, devastating crops.
The smoke in the air also heats the upper atmosphere, which then destroys ozone. More ultraviolet radiation reaches the ground, also devastating for life.
Nuclear winter would be more cold, dry, and dark at the surface, but loaded with ultraviolet light.
The problem has not been solved.
In the 1800's one volcano caused such cooling it snowed in July, crops suffered in the "summer that never was". That's nothing compared to nuclear war.
Reagan and Gorbechov had info from both Russian and American scientists telling them a nuclear war has no winners, only losers in a nuclear winter. They both said that information from scientists helped them end the arms race.
There are now 9 nuclear nations. The current arsenal can produce a nuclear winter that would last decades. A smaller local war would not create freezing conditions at ground level, but would be terrible where it occurred, and create severe effects on agriculture around the world.
1906 Earthquake in San Francisco filled the land with smoke, firestorm for 3 days. All buildings but stone ones gone. Same in Hiroshima.
There are about 16,400 nuclear weapons in the world now. Russia has 8,000 US has 7,000. Other countries only have a couple of hundred each. That's all it takes to be a deterrent.
As in our interview, Alan spoke about the hotspot of India and Pakistan - the subject of a study, with 50 Hiroshima size weapons. It would create 6.5 million tons of smoke. Even 5 million tons of smoke can affect climate. 20 million people would die directly. He shows a movie of where the smoke would go.
Most would go into the stratosphere, beyond the level of weather, where rain cannot wash it out. So it would cover the world and last for about a decade. (Inadvertent geoengineering?) It would become 1.5 deg C or 2 degrees Fahrenheit colder. That would be "climate change unprecedent in human history, colder than the Little Ice Age" (10:20)
Two other climate models were run to check this simulation. All three found basically the same results.
In China, the largest food producer, for about 10 years rice would be down about 20 percent, winter wheat 40%; in the U.S. corn would go down by about 20%, soybeans 15%.
But it's much worse than that. The actual bombs of today are much, much more powerful than the Hiroshima-sized bombs used in these studies. One Trident submarine can produce about 1,000 Hiroshimas. The U.S. has 14 Trident subs, and that is just half the American arsenal.
That could be 150 million tons of smoke, and 7 or 8 degrees C colder! Every possible target in Russia and the U.S. had a possible 9 nuclear bombs targetting it. Even with just one on each target, we can still produce the same amount of smoke.
14:40 "yes this would solve the global warming problem" "I did a calculation, if you produce that much smoke and you stop producing CO2, the global warming is gone".
15:04 "So what's new in this work? A nuclear war between any nuclear states using much less than 1% of the current nuclear arsenal can produce climate change unprecedented in recorded human history" "Such a 'small' nuclear war could reduce food production by 20 to 40% for a decade."
They revisited nuclear winter calculations made in the 1980's, and the current US and Russian arsenal can still produce global temperatures below freezing. Old 1980's computers were less powerful than an Iphone. Now modern models confirm those results.
They can only test this theory in little bits, using analogs, like winter cold.
New START treaty signed between Obama and Medyev (sp) signed in 2010. In 7 years, each side would bring arsenal down to 1550 per side. Due to a loop-hole on bombers, it might actually be about 2,000 nuke weapons each. That could bring world total down to about 5,000 weapons.
If instead the U.S. and Russia went down to about 200 each, like other nations, that could be enough to prevent a complete nuclear winter. "We wouldn't be able to produce enough smoke to actually cause temperatures to go below freezing, and sentence the entire world to famine."
Maybe a billion people would die with just a nuclear war between India and Pakistan.
The late Carl Sagan, a leader in nuclear disarmament in the 1980's said: "For myself I would far rather have a world in which the climatic catastrophe cannot happen, - independent of the viscisitudes of leaders, institutions, and machines. This seems to me to be elementary planetary hygiene, as well as elementary patriotism."
"We've already banned biological weapons in the world, chemical weapons, land mines and cluster munitions."
Support ICAN the international campaign against nuclear weapons wants to ban nuclear weapons.
Ends with Dr. Zeuss quote: "Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It's not."
As the climate crisis deepens, we don't know how to grasp it. That's when we call in the arts, our pathway to the heart and the inner brain. Heather Woodbury has a one-woman play with a huge cast for this coming Earth Day. Heather has been recognized in the performing arts with awards. Her work has spread into books and public radio, and inspired many.
Now Heather is launching a climate change novel on stage. It's called "As the Globe Warms".
Listen to or download this interview with Heather Woodbury (10 minutes) in CD Quality.
In this program I play a quick clip from "As the Globe Warms" the audio eco-comic novel by Heather Woodbury. The clip comes from here.
Here is a 2.25-minute scene from Episode Nine.
The whole series will be finished and available on Earth Day this April 22nd. I love that Heather tested this piece in Florida and Texas, where climate change dare not say it's name...
Here is a description of the new audio play, from the PR blurb:
"Timely and entertaining, 'As The Globe Warms' humorously explores surviving on a planet veering toward social and ecological crisis; Gripping,funny and sexy, the drama crucially connects the dots between climate change, America?s religious-secular polarity, and economic inequality. The protagonists are a working class family on the brink of extinction who befriend Tea Partiers, desperate scientists, off-the-reservation-Evangelicals, and come together via a strange form of eyewitness testimony from bees, bats, polar bears, and frogs.
Woodbury, an OBIE-winning actor and recipient of the Spalding Gray Award, is known for novel-sized solo works that combine serial storytelling with high-wire performance. *What Ever*, her 1990s stage tour-de-force, was adapted and broadcast on public radio, hosted by Ira Glass, and published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Filmmaker Richard Linklater (*Boyhood)* likens being engrossed in her serial works to "living INSIDE a novel." Laurie Anderson calls her "an incredible one-woman Dickens." And The Irish Times writes of her work "What if the great American novel turns out to be a piece of theatre?" (Fintan O'Toole)"
LISTEN TO The Newest Episodes from the current podcast here.
WATCH a scene from the original crowd-funded webcast here.
Keep track of Radio Ecoshock on Facebook, by Twitter, on our Soundcloud page, and our web site, ecoshock.org.
I appreciate the people who hit the "Donate" button on this page. You are funding the program!
I'm Alex Smith. Thank you for listening, and caring about your world.
Climate Geoengineering and Chemtrails Conspiracy Thu Mar 19, 2015 16:01 | firstname.lastname@example.com (Alex Smith)
Like most scientists, David Keith works hard to get a society with fewer greenhouse gas emissions. He also has a Calgary-based company trying to remove CO2 from the air. But today we pick David's brain on technology to artificially cool the planet, by blocking out some of the sun's rays. It's called Solar Radiation Management, or SRM.
First David describes how spraying sulfur into the upper atmosphere would work. Essentially, if the particles are small, they stay up there for long periods of time, reflecting some of the sun's rays back into space. The sulfur droplets would be sprayed from an airplane, about 20 kilometers (12 miles) high in the atmosphere.
Scientists in the Arctic Methane Emergency Group have already called for regional SRM in the Arctic. They hope to preserve what is left of Arctic Sea ice, to slow glacial melt, and to prevent large-scale releases of methane from the clathrates or thawing permafrost. I ask David what he thinks of this proposal.
David Keith says the concept of regional Solar Radiation Management is meaningless. The particles will spread down over at least most of the Northern Hemisphere, rather than staying over the Arctic. Due to the way this planet's air mixes, the sulfur particles would not enter the Southern Hemisphere to any large degree. So trying to cool the Arctic means repeatedly recharging the sulfur spraying over the Arctic, and essentially cooling the whole Northern Hemisphere, with expected and unknown side effects for crops in Canada, the United States, Europe and Scandinavia, and Russia.
Not all scientists agree that regional cooling is impossible. Next week I'll talk with Dr. Alan Robock. His group ran models looking at what would happen if someone dumped about 5 million tons of sulfur over the Arctic. We'll find those results next week. U of Ottawa PHD student Paul Beckwith also thinks Arctic cooling could work. We just don't know for sure.
That is one reason Dr. Keith says more research is needed into SRM, and he supports the recent call for that research by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. However the Academy support does not translate into real funding. That probably has to come from governments. That isn't happening yet. David says there is a political and social taboo about even researching geoengineering. Some groups, like the ETC Group, worry if the public thinks there is a quick technical fix, then we won't change away from burning fossil fuels.
One of the key unknowns is the impact of SRM on rainfall. It may reduce rainfall in some areas, but may also reduce extreme rainfall events. Again, we'll hear more about that next week with Dr. Robock. But David Keith says the idea that SRM will cause drought is a "false claim".
Don't get the idea that David Keith is a total supporter of geoengineering. He worries about things like damage to the ozone layer, and many other affects. Really Keith is not sure SRM should ever be used. He is sure we should do more research to see what it can and can't do.
We also discuss the possibility that the airborne sulfur might replace the cooling we currently experience by global dimming. Scientists like Dr. James Hansen (and many others) say that industrial pollution is blocking enough sunlight to hide at least 1 degree C of the heating we really create with current carbon dioxide levels. Millions of people a year, especially in Asia, but in all industrial countries, die every year because of this harmful pollution. If the public demands a clean up of the air, for health reasons, then the planet will warm significantly, due to the hidden heat "in the pipeline".
Dr. Keith thinks the relatively tiny amount of sulfur required to acheive the same global dimming would be far less harmful than the low-level smog humans are breathing. It takes 1/50th or 1/100th of the amount of sulfur to acheive the same effect.
And don't forget, we already put about 50 million tons of sulfur a year into the lower atmosphere, mostly from coal burning, but also from other industrial processes. The amount being suggested for the upper atmosphere might be 10 million tons a year. We don't know yet.
Of course we may also get more acid rain as the sulfur comes to ground. And SRM does nothing to stop ocean acidification - but Keith says there are plenty of tools we use, even though they don't solve everything.
David Keith claims SRM could reduce net effect of CO2 by about 100 gigatons, equivalent of US emissions over a century.
I ask David Keith specifically about chemtrails. He's not only on the radar of the chemtrails crowd, but is often demonized as a key figure in what they think is a world-wide conspiracy to hide the poisoning of the sky. Dr. Keith has received a few death threats, and gets hassled when he speaks at geoengineering forums and events. Anecdotally, some airline pilots have also become wary of chemtrails activists.
Keith notes in the earlier days of the chemtrails movement, say around the year 2000, a lot of internet posts thought the sky was being sprayed for mind control. Now that has shifted to one of two "reasons": either to control weather (as an economic or military weapon); or to cool off the planet. It is as though geoengineering for climate has been going on for a couple of decades (believers claim). We'll have more about chemtrails and the relationship with geoengineering science in the next interview.
Meanwhile, David Keith says geoengineering, encompassing many technologies (from sucking carbon out of the atmosphere, maybe seeding plankton, and solar radation management) - is the only way to significantly reduce global warming within a single lifetime. Maybe, given our current failure to reduce emissions, we will experience multiple climate-driven emergencies so serious, we will need this tool? David Keith says we should at least do the research to find out if SRM could work, and what the expected side effects might be. Then people and their governments could decide - although I'm not sure the public would be consulted if any government decided to go ahead and spray the sky.
Some SRM research is going on in the UK, in Germany, and likely in Russia. Like the American military, the Russian military has long had an interest in climate weapons. Most started with cloud seeding, but it may have gone much further. In that case, the chemtrails people may have actually seen real life secret experiments by the military. Who knows?
I ask David Keith if such experiments were taking place, would we know? Would he know? He replies that if the experiments were large enough to actually cool anything, various satellites and other tracking would pick it up. David Keith was approached by a CIA agency, asking many of the same questions I asked him. He says as a kind of "lefty" Canadian, he find it "pretty disturbing" that secret agencies were looking into this. DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is also interested.
On the other hand, the military looks at a huge range of options, and their interest doesn't mean they are actually doing anything at this time. Plus Keith feels so plugged into the few geoengineering research projects around the world, he thinks he would probably know if large-scale experiments are happening. He says they are not, at this time.
It's not just the military. A few billionaires are aware of the climate risks to their wealth. Richard Branson comes to mind, and some geoengineering research scientists hope to win Branson's $25 million prize to suck significant amounts of CO2 out of the air. Maybe then Branson's aircraft fleet could keep flying?
David Keith acknowledges he and his study group have received several million dollars from one of the world's richest men, Bill Gates. The Gates money is being used to set up scientific conferences on geoengineering to exchange research and data. That is all public knowledge, not a conspiracy.
David Keith's landmark book "A Case for Climate Engineering" is available from MIT press and the usual book sellers.
If you would like more, here is a good BBC "Hardtalk" interview with David Keith on You tube (24 minutes long)
This 2012 David Keith lecture on solar radiation management at Stanford University is very informative.
Note that many David Keith video clips are posted by his adversaries in the chemtrails movement, so beware of selective editing. I suggest you stick with complete presentations, from reliable sources.
Download or listen to this 24 minute Radio Ecoshock interview with David Keith in CD Quality or the faster-downloading but lower quality Lo-Fi version.
On most computers, you right click with your mouse to save an interview file. Just note where the computer stores it!
A group of people, perhaps even some of my listeners, believe there is a world-wide conspiracy to control the weather and maybe your mind and health - by dumping chemicals out of aircraft at high altitudes. They call these persistent high clouds "Chemtrails".
Now the internet phenomenon of the chemtrails movement sets itself up to fight off geoengineering, like solar radiation management, which it sees as more of the same. A sub-set of chemtrails believers also want to stop climate negotiations. They don't believe in human-induced climate change.
We are going to explore the meaning of the chemtrails meme. Our guest has written a sociological analysis of the chemtrails phenomenon. We will not argue whether or not the chemtrails conspiracy is true or false. Instead, Rose Cairns investigated the methods and possible meaning of this underground movement.
Dr. Rose Cairns is a research fellow at the Science and Technology Policy Research unit at the University of Sussex, in England. She's also been an environmental campaigner.
We talk about her paper titled "Climates of suspicion: 'chemtrail' conspiracy narratives and the international politics of geoengineering". It was published online in April 2014 by the Climate Geoengineering Governance project. Read the full paper as an online .pdf for free here. It's a great read!
Just for the record, Rose Cairns made plain in that interview that she doesn't believe in the chemtrails conspiracy. And just for the record, neither do I, although I keep an open mind about such things.
I don't doubt that the military in the United States, Russia, and probably now China, are working on experiments to develop weather weapons, like huge storms to strike an opposing army or navy. That's probably been going on since the 1960's. Here is a web site where you can find a lot of documents on this.
The video talk by Rosalind Peterson to go with this site is here. Rosalind believes experiments are going on to modify the weather, but stops short of saying there is a world-wide conspiracy to poison us from the sky. In this video at least, she sticks to statements that can be backed up to some degree by the documents she has collected. Peterson also links widespread tree death to common ground level air pollution. In this video, she declares against the widespead conspiracy theory. By all means, check out the many government and other documents she has collected. It's an education.
There are plenty of real conspiracies. Major banks admitted they fixed everything from interest rates to the price of gold. The George Bush Administration conspired to start a war in Iraq. So it is not irrational to believe in a conspiracy.
In my own exploration on the Net, I found a nexis of beliefs on the site called "Air Crap", and a link to a site called "His Heavenly Armies" - a Jesus blog. Both contained screeds against vaccines, abortion, the American HAARP installation, and of course, geoengineering. Is this coming from the Left or Right spectrum of political belief? Rose says it's a mixture of both. We have "left" ideas about evil corporations and protecting nature, along with "right" ideas about too much government control and the need for personal liberty.
Air Crap includes stories like: "UN Official Exposes The Intentional ?Transformation Of The World Economy? As The True Purpose Of The Climate Change Lies".
One chemtrail activist wants people to go to the Paris Climate talks this year. She thinks those talks will just legitimate the spraying that is already happening, as geoengineering. And that's just the tip of the iceberg of climate change denial I found rampant on many chemtrails sites. We don't need "chemtrails" they say, because there is no global warming. It's all a hoax, they say, repeating many of the climate denial talking points common on the Net.
Being opposed to dumping chemicals in the sky, the chemtrails folks are all over any proposal to do solar radiation management. They attend public talks and conferences, posing questions that scientists find strange and hard to answer. On the other hand, chemtrails activists do monitor the situation closely, and serve as a news source for anyone concerned about geoengineering. Just be careful to cross check what you find.
Just how the chemtrails movement will affect any public discussion about geoengineering is yet to be seen. Here is a quote from Rose's paper:
"While this belief is marginal, it is not insignificant: a Google search of the term ?chemtrails? returns over 2.6 million hits, and a study by Mercer et al. (2011) found that 2.6% of a sample of 3105 people in the US, Canada and the UK believed entirely in the existence of a conspiracy involving chemtrails (and around 14% believed in the conspiracy to some extent)."
If we do run into a climatic emergency in the future, and scientists says they have a temporary way to cool things off, will the public response be partly shaped by the chemtrails movement now? That's where the research by Rose Cairns becomes so fascinating.
Some people encountering chemtrails go through an emotional and sometimes life-changing experience. I've heard the same from listeners who suddenly get the reality of climate change. Are they different?
Some of my Radio Ecoshock listeners are already deeply offended that we haven't spent our time proving chemtrails are real. Others are wondering how to deal with the chemtrails crowd. Are there avenues of communication, or are most chemtrails folks insulated from further facts or arguments? It's difficult, Rose says. She knows a few friends or even family members believe chemtrails are real. Once a person adopts that as their belief system, anyone questioning it becomes either (a) too blind to see the obvious record in the sky! or (b) obviously a dupe or an active part of the conspiracy. That doesn't leave us much room, or much choice.
I think there is ample evidence that if the upper atmosphere is cold enough, the moisture in air-plane exhaust becomes visible as a "contrail". Science has already shown that if we have enough contrails, in the right conditions they can stimulate the development of a layer of high cirrus-type clouds. There is more water vapor in the atmosphere of a warming planet (about 7% more since 1970, we've been told). And of course there are way more planes in the air. Aircraft traffic is traffic, just like cars.
All of that suggests to me that most impacts on the sky are not from a vast hidden conspiracy, but just the result of pollution from aircraft. But as I said, I'm willing to believe, based on some documents available, that the military of various countries have run, and may be still running, some very small scale experiments to modify the weather. These may generate "chemtrails". But personally, I doubt that's a very big impact.
Some chemtrails folks, like Dane Wigington, blame absolutely everything on this vast evil experiment to poison the sky. The California drought? That's not climate change - it's chemtrails says Wigington. Tree die off? Not our pollution, but chemtrails. Fukushima? Chemtrails. It's a single theory to explain everything, and like all such single answers, it's just not right.
That's my opinion.
Here are a couple of chemtrails skeptic sites: Contrails Science and Metabunk.
Or check out this article: by Grant Petty, Professor of Atmospheric Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison "Chemtrails: Real threat or urban legend?"
And here is Dane Wigington's site, geoengineeringwatch.org. Good luck!
A well-known pro-chemtrails movie is WIWATS - "What in the World Are They Spraying?"
Listen to or download this interview with Rose Cairns in CD Quality or Lo-Fi
We wrap up with a short piece about the endangered salamanders. It turns out North America, and not the tropics, has the most of these reclusive creatures. Japan and China have some over 5 feet long. Here's a video of a giant Japanese salamander coming out.
Matt Ellerbeck, "the salamander man" gives us an update on this threatened species - who hold the miracle of how to regenerate lost limbs, or even missing eyes. If only we knew what they know...
On Radio Ecoshock you often hear me try to expand our view beyond humans to the many other marvellous creatures that live on Earth. It's time to hear about one of them. Call them salamanders, or call them newts, but in too many parts of the world we have to call them endangered.
Our guest has dedicated his life to saving the salamanders. Matt Ellerbeck works through public education in schools and the media - and through his web site at savethesalamanders.com.
Download this short interview with Matt Ellerbeck (in CD Quality only).
Just like the planet, we are out of time this week for this program. My thanks to everyone who Tweets and spreads the word on Facebook. Find all our past programs as free mp3 downloads at our web site, ecoshock.org.
Thank you for listening, and please join us again next week for more thrills and spills.
Heat and the Rising Sea Wed Mar 11, 2015 21:56 | firstname.lastname@example.com (Alex Smith)
Dr. Robert Nicholls.
The commentary we talk about was published in the journal Nature Climate Change. It is titled "Sea-level rise scenarios and coastal risk management"
Right at the opening of Nicholl's published commentary, the authors say the IPCC, quote:
"aims to understand and reduce uncertainty, a viewpoint that is quite different from the one of coastal management, which aims to reduce risks. Unfortunately, this is not spelled out clearly both within and beyond the IPCC reports."
The difference is rather large. Essentially if you look at sea level risk as a large Bell curve, the IPCC scientists take the conservative view that the central assumptions are the most likely, so that's what they tell governments. That's where under 1 meter sea level rise by the year 2100 comes from.
But wait. There is a 33% chance, shown as a fat tail of probability extending away from the main curve, that sea level rise will be far more serious. The most "extreme sea level rise" is what coastal planners on the ground want to know. Once they know how bad it could get, they can decide what berms, levees, dams, or tidal control measures will be needed. Once you spend some billions of dollars on coastal defences, you don't want to find it breached within 50 years.
The paper authors also say the Intergovernmental Panel results are not 100% reliable, because they are based on models, and even those model results are hard to understand. It sounds like we really don't know.
There's another huge problem, and that is when we try to interpret these global mean sea level rises to local realities. I've seen science saying, quote:
"Sea levels across the Northeast coast of the United States rose nearly 3.9 inches between 2009 and 2010".
We'll talk to the author of that work, Paul Goddard, in an upcoming Radio Ecoshock show.
That big rise along New England is temporary. It is attributed not to land sinking, but to changes in ocean currents. So it's not a simple equation for sea level rise. So much depends on other local conditions.
The highest global mean sea level rise prediction corresponds to the worst case IPCC scenario, which they call "RCP8.5". That is the course we are currently on. What would such a world look like, when my 5 year-old grandchild is an older man?
I'm concerned that governments, and our listeners, picture a gradual sea level rise which takes a century to really matter. But the forerunners can arrive much sooner. I'm thinking of things like hurricanes, storm surges, and super-tides. If sea levels go up faster and further than the middle-ground IPCC estimates, what would we see around the world?
Should governments try to prepare for the conservative, let's say optimistic, assessment of sea level rise? Or should they prepare for the extremes, even though that may cost many more billions of dollars in the short-term?
Nicholls tells us the most advanced countries in preparing for high sea level rise are the UK, the Netherlands and Germany. London, he says, can be protected for hundreds of years. They are already making plans for 2 meters of sea level rise by 2100.
New York is very vulnerable, as Hurricane Sandy showed us. New York City is not spending a few billion dollars to build the three tidal surge control gates it needs for the 3 entrances to their harbor. But at least, Nicholls says, NYC is built on solid rock, so flood control can work.
As I heard in a recent speech by Jeremy Jackson, that is not true for Miami. The land under Miami is very porous. There is no way to stop incursion by the sea. Jackson says that city will have to be abandoned. In our interview, Nicholls says some island nations in the Pacific will also have to be abandoned, and they know it.
To hear a longer presentation by Dr. Robert Nicholls, try this one: "Adaptation to sea-level rise" at the Geological Society of London, 2012 Shell Lecture, on You tube here.
Download or listen to this Radio Ecoshock interview with Robert Nicholls in CD Quality or Lo-Fi
Scientists have predicted climate change could lead to instability within some nations, and war. Long-time listeners may recall my February 2010 show with clips from a speech by Gwynne Dyer, author of "Climate Wars". After interviewing top military people in many countries, Dyer concluded that wars driven at least in part by climate change are an inevitable part of our future history. Find those clips in this show.
In a report released in October 2014, the U.S. Pentagon said the same thing. See my links to that Pentagon paper below. Now we have the first peer-reviewed study saying climate wars are not just the future. One may already have happened, in Syria.
We have the lead author of a new paper with us, Dr. Colin Kelley. Colin is a post-doctoral fellow and visiting scholar with the Geography Climate Hazards Group at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
His paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy, or PNAS, is titled "Climate change in the Fertile Crescent and implications of the recent Syrian drought".
Dr. Colin Kelley.
To sum up, in 2006 a multi-year drought appeared in Syria and its neighboring countries. After three years of drought, more than million Syrian farmers left their land, and went to the city to try to survive.
Syrian cities were already overcrowded. The population of the country zoomed from about 5 million in 1950 to over 20 million today. We don't know exactly how many refugees from the Iraq war streamed into Syrian cities, but it's thought to be well over 1 million people.
The government of Syria made the situation worse by helping intensive agriculture in North East Syria, considered the "bread-basket" of the country. Before the drought, about one quarter of Syria's GDP was based on wheat. That disappeared with the drought. Was it a mistake to promote such a water-intensive crop as wheat?
Have there been droughts in Syria before? Of course. But Colin Kelly and his associates calculated that the odds of a multi-year drought more than doubled with climate change. They concluded the overcrowding and crashing economy could not have happened without global warming. The authors don't call climate change a "cause" of the Syrian civil war, but a "catalyst" helping it happen.
Therefore, this is likely our first case of a "climate war". And like everything else about climate change, it arrived decades before the experts expected it!
Part of this stage was set by the 2011 study from NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They found "Human-caused climate change [is] a major factor in more frequent Mediterranean droughts". The NOAA paper of 2011 said sea surface temperatures are the primary driver of drought in the Mediterranean.
I asked Colin Kelley if his research could apply to other countries, particularly those who felt instability or the "Arab spring" around 2010-2011. He said the climate factor was not likely associated with regime change in Libya or Egypt. But his team is now investigating the impact of climate on the problems in Yemen. Yemen is notorious for mass hunger, even starvation, and it gets very little rain lately.
Download or listen to this Radio Ecoshock interview with Dr. Colin Kelley in CD Quality or Lo-Fi.
You can read what Joe Romm at Climate Progess had to say about Syria and civil war here.
See also: Pentagon Report: U.S. Military Considers Climate Change a 'Threat Multiplier' That Could Exacerbate Terrorism by Zoe Schlanger of Newsweek 10/14/14.
The Dept of Defense press release is here.
The actual report "Department of Defense 2014 Climate Change Adaptation Roadmap" was publicly available but has since been pulled from defense.gov. But it's still available for online reading here.
We live on a strange planet. Few people realize that almost a quarter of the land in the Northern half of this world is frozen. Under a thin layer that thaws under the summer sun, the land there is always frozen. It's called permafrost, and it extends from Alaska, across Northern Canada, Scandinavia, and finds another giant kingdom in the Russian north, in Siberia.
New science confirms the world's permafrost has been slowly thawing. Now with climate change, that pace has quickened. Here to explain what that means for society and the economy of Russia, is Nikolay Shilomanov. Nikolay is an associate professor in the Department of Geography at George Washington University and an Arctic researcher.
DR. Nikolay Shilomanov
What is permafrost? Shilomanov says it is just frozen dirt. It has to stay frozen for two years running to be called permafrost.
In North America, the small population of the permafrost lands have become accustomed to it. They have adapted to a solid icy foundation. In fact, they depend on it.
It's different in Russia. Due to the Soviet experiments in populating and industrializing their Arctic, there are over 5 million Russians living on permafrost. These are not aboriginal settlements, but serious cities with modern conveniences.
All the infrastructure to support those cities, and for the large oil and gas industry, is built on permafrost. As it thaws (land thaws", only ice "melts") - there is a real challenge for the foundations of buildings, and long projects like pipelines. About 25% of the world's gas reserves are found in permafrost lands.
Previous research used living materials like pollen or tree rings to study the Arctic past. Now a group from the Alfred Wegener Institute managed to measure time and temperature in land ice by taking ice cores from spikes of ice going down into the Permafrost. This is important, because biological markers, like tree rings or pollen, can show the temperature in the summer. But not what is happening in the winter, as the ice samples can.
It turns out that there was a long period where the summers were cooler than today, but the winters were warmer. Until recently, we didn't know that.
Nikolay is quite frank in saying that millions of Russians want more global warming. They are tired of long, cold winters, and see real advantages (for them) in a longer growing season.
This interview is based on the paper in Nature Geoscience "Long-term winter warming trend in the Siberian Arctic during the mid-to- late Holocene" by H. Meyer, et al Find the abstract here.
Here is a good article about this new research into Permafrost, found in E&E News.
Also see this authoritative article from the Afred-Wegener-Institut in Germany. It's interesting to note that despite the "cold war" between the U.S. and Russia, German and Russian scientists are still cooperating on tracking the impacts of climate change.
As always, I appreciate the brave minds who are willing to follow the adventure of living in this new age, the Anthropocene. The science isn't always easy for me, or for you, but we struggle together to understand, and then to act.
My special thanks to all the people who contribute real money to this Radio Ecoshock project. You keep it alive!
Don't forget to check out our soundcloud page. We're are heading toward 20,000 listens there.
Alex Smith
host and producer of Radio Ecoshock, as broadcast on 87 non-profit radio stations, in the U.S., Canada, UK, and Australia, and around the world on the Internet. Now in our 8th year.
CLIMATE DISRUPTION OF OUR LIVES Wed Mar 04, 2015 21:49 | email@example.com (Alex Smith)
First, while humans mentally long for a single threat where we can focus, the natural world is too complex to accommodate our need. Unlike the movie "The Andromeda Strain", the experts don't think we will run into a single giant disease or parasite to knock off our species. AIDS, Ebola and West Nile virus arrive and manage to stay around, but don't do us in.
By the way, if I sounded disappointed in the West Nile virus after the initial hype, here's some news. The extra-warm dry conditions in California brought the highest level of West Nile virus ever seen in that state. There were 798 human cases in 2014, five times the number recorded in 2011 at the start of this big drought. Twenty nine people died.
You might think drier weather means less mosquito diseases. But streams and even rivers that normally keep running enough to stay clear of mosquito larvae, end up with more stagnant pools to breed. Plus, with fewer water sources, more species come to those that are left, meaning a better transfer station for diseases to all kinds of species.
The Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito Control is warning Californians to expect ?an intense West Nile virus year.? It's just another unexpected spin-off of climate change, and the very things Dr. Brooks warned us about.
But the first big thought from the Brooks interview is : with further warming we will be hurt by a thousand cuts. Picture finding a new beetle killing off your apple tree. It's been brought over from Asia in a furniture shipment. The bug carries a virus that slowly kills the tree. That gets into orchards all over. The cost of fruit goes up.
Meanwhile, house cats get a new virus originally from the tropics, but now capable of over-wintering in warmer climates. Vet bills, already in the billions of dollars in North America, go up.
There's another nasty tropical disease likely to arrive from the Carribean. It's "chikungunya". Before 2013, this Asian and African disease was never before seen in the Americas. It's here now, and likely to arrive in the southern United States, just like Dengue fever is now in Florida and Texas.
The second big take-away is that scientists have discovered that disease agents are very tough. In the interview, we heard about a 100 million-year-old parasite that survived the great asteroid strike 65 million years ago. When the dinosaur fish is specialized in went extinct, the parasite did not, and appears now in Arctic birds.
It's intriguing to hear that parasites can revert to ancient abilities in their genes to adapt to new hosts, and new challenges. As Dr. Brook warns at the end, the idea that we are in a golden age of health is an illusion, and there is no evidence that humans will win in the end, as climate change combines with international trade and expanding human populations. Unseen in our Twitter world, humans are always prone to becoming food for something else.
I didn't have time in this interview to get into a new concept in parasitic threats that Dr. Brooks and other scientists are using. It's called the Stockholm Paradigm. Please don't confuse that with Stockholm Syndrome, where a captive comes to love his or her captor.
After interviewing Daniel Brooks, journalist Dominic Basulto in the Washington Times summarized it this way:
"The new thinking, known as the 'Stockholm Paradigm' (not to be confused with the 'Stockholm Syndrome'), combines four different ecological concepts ? ecological fitting, the geographic mosaic theory of co-evolution, taxon pulses and the oscillation hypothesis ? to conjecture that pathogens may not really have as hard of a time finding a new host as we thought. They may already have the 'ancestral genetic capabilities' to switch to new hosts that are genetically close enough to the original hosts."
The Stockholm Paradigm is exactly the type of matrix of causes that breaks our simple human minds. It's hard for us to think about, but that's how nature operates, and simple is not a requirement for reality.
Meanwhile, the news is full of more examples of how climate change will influence the appearance of new diseases and pests. Just this past week, a new study from Oslo, Norway re-wrote the history books of how the plague hit Europe in the 1300's, and kept coming back for hundreds of years afterwards.
According to the book "Ghengis Khan and the Making of the Modern World" about 90% of the people in Hopei province of China died from the plague in 1331. Fifteen years later the disease made it to the Volga River in Russia. The Mongol empire partly ended because their pony express system, which likely spread the disease, couldn't find enough riders left alive. A hat tip to Scott Gardner at the Manter Lab in Nebraska for that book info.
Scientists now think that periods of warmer and wetter weather in Asia stimulated the populations of plague-carrying ticks. And these were more likely carried by gerbils, not the black rat. The gerbils likely spread the plague to pack animals plying the Silk Road trade route to Europe, rather than just arriving by ship.
Evidence seems to show that the plague did not stay resident in Europe's rats, but instead kept arriving from Asia following warm weather spells there. Rats carrying the plague were themselves killed off, rather than harboring the horrible disease.
Europe was re-infected dozens of times. Investigating over 7,000 outbreaks of the plague, scientists from the University of Oslo found that weather in Europe was not a factor. But a warming spell in Asia was. The plague arrived about 15 years after each warming period. Like today, other factors like immigration and wars also helped spread the disease.
We don't know all the surprises coming our way, as this next warming pumps up the population of disease-bearing organisms. Oh, and by the way, a brand new deadly virus was just discovered in a man in Kansas at the end of February. He'd been bitten by ticks in the Spring. It took a while for the US Centers for Disease Control to realize this was a brand new virus, never seen before.
Check out this Washington Post article about our guest: "The Weird Way that Climate Change Could Lead to New Disease Outbreaks Around the World".
The best we can do, Brooks says, is (a) admit climate change is real and then (b) start funding research and building infrastructure to deal with new pests and diseases we know are coming. Right now even in the West hospitals are operating on a just-barely basis. Agriculture is likewise dependent on a business model with no back-up system, and no fall-back position. It's not like we are rationally ready for a thousand challenges from the micro-world, much less the insects.
Here is the source for the new paper, taken from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln press release:
"Brooks' and Hoberg's article, 'Evolution in action: climate change, biodiversity dynamics and emerging infectious disease,' is part of a Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B issue on 'Climate change and vector-borne diseases of humans,' edited by Paul Parham, a specialist in infectious disease epidemiology at Imperial College in London."
...and a special shout-out to the small band of people who set up an automatic donation of $10 a month to Radio Ecoshock. I really need that support, and I think of you often - with gratitude. If you'd like to join those core supporters, just click the "subscribe" link on this page.
That's our time for this week. There are some solutions, but they all start with accepting what is real.
I'm Alex Smith. Thanks for listening, and join us again next week on Radio Ecoshock.
CLIMATE DEADLINE Wed Feb 25, 2015 22:56 | email@example.com (Alex Smith)
Author Kristin Ohlson
One of the heros of this book is Gabe Brown, from North Dakota. Gabe has a ranch of about 5,000 acres near Bismark N.D. He was losing money using traditional techniques, and switched over to carbon farming techniques, with very few chemicals. He now has a profit well above the County average, partly because he doesn't have to pay for fertilizers. Now Brown advises farmers all over America, and in fact around the world.
Also, we learn from Kristin that we don't have to convert every farm and farmer everywhere to save the climate with soil carbon. David Johnson of New Mexico State University says carbon farming on just 11% of our farmlands could offset all the emissions of an industrial society.
Back in 2011, I interviewed a Vermont carbon farmer, Abe Collins. He helped kick off something called "the soil carbon challenge". Abe Collins was part of a crew, including Peter Donovan, who attempted to get "carbon farming" recognized in the New England carbon trading scheme. As I said in my blog then, why pay big companies to off-set emissions, when farmers can capture carbon - AND feed us sustainably?
On February 23rd, Kristin was in Los Angeles for something called the "Urban Soil Carbon Water Summit". There is a meaningful role that city folks can play too, in the way the big landscape under the city is treated.
Listen to Kristin Ohlson on Radio Ecoshock in CD Quality or Lo-Fi.
Find Kristin Ohlson here on Facebook and Twitter, plus her own web site here.
In the past couple of years there has been a tidal wave of warnings that the world cannot feed the extra 3 billion people expected in the next decades. In fact, with the impacts of climate change, we may not be able to feed the current population - which we are doing poorly as it is.
We are not talking about hippy bloggers. These voices of worry come from Greg Page, the conservative executive chairman of the Cargill food empire, from investment gurus like Jeremy Grantham, and from the Pentagon.
That means it is time to talk with the scientists, about what we know, and what we don't, when it comes to climate change and food stress. It will take a series of interviews and programs to do it.
We start this week with new science about climate and the stagnation of food production in the heavily populated European Union. Our guest is Frances C. Moore. She's close to a PHD at Stanford, while working with the MacArthur "genius" award-winning scientist David B. Lobell.
Francis C. Moore, Stanford
Frances is the lead author in two key parts of the puzzle. In 2014 she and Lobell published a letter about the ability of European farmers to adapt to shocks brought on by climate change. At the start of 2015, Moore was the lead author of a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy - titled "The fingerprint of climate trends on European crop yields".
These authors find that climate change is provably a factor in Europe's inability to produce still more food. For example, in wheat and barley, they estimated about 10% of the stagnation was brought on by climate change. Of course, that's averaged over the whole European Union. There are more extreme cases of crop losses in Spain and Italy, for example, where the contribution of climate change would be greater.
This paper shows the impact of climate change will continue to hamper the development of European crops. At the present time, Europe exports a lot of food. If, due to drought, heat waves, or extreme rainfall events, Europe cannot export as much, that leads to food stress in poorer parts of the world. Lack of food can lead to social instability, and wars. Co-author David Lobell published a paper finding that climate stress is linked to civil war in Africa.
Last year, Frances Moore and David Lobell published a letter in the journal Nature Climate Change. The title is "Adaptation potential of European agriculture in response to climate change". In a nutshell, they found the ability of farmers to adapt to a shift in climate depends partly on the whether the farmers consider the problem as a short-term thing, or work on a long-term plan.
In the short-term, the farmer thinks this is just unusual weather, and so makes fewer fundamental changes. The long-term farmer, realizing climate change is happening, may build in better infrastructure to hold water, or to drain water. He or she may look at adaptations in hotter regions and adopt those. Or the farmer may have to change crops to more heat tolerant varieties.
Frances C. Moore is one of the bright young minds at the Stanford School of Earth, Energy, & Environmental Sciences in California. Listen to this 18 minute Radio Ecoshock interview with Frances C. Moore in CD Quality or Lo-Fi
To compare what is happening with climate and crops in Europe to the United States, check out this recent report on "Midwest Agriculture and Climate Risk"
. For the larger global picture, try this article "5 Reasons why peak food is the world's No. 1 Ticking time bomb".
We've burned through all the time there is. Check out all our past shows as free mp3 downloads at ecoshock.org. Or find Radio Ecoshock on Soundcloud.
I'm Alex Smith. Thanks for listening.
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Old King Coal is sick ... but not yet dying
23 Mar 15 - A global investigation into every coal-fired power plant proposed in the past five years shows that only one in three of them has actually been built.
No matter how you cut it, the answer is ecosystem services
23 Mar 15 - As a professor of ecology, Shahid Naeem knows all too well that theres no shortage of environmental ills to keep us awake at night global warming, the spread of diseases, dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico, collapsing fisheries, mass extinction, and a hundred other things that are the stock and trade of environmental doomsayers.
Lots of hot air about heat, but why is no one talking about sustainable cooling?
23 Mar 15 - Without cooling, the supply of food, medicine and data would simply break down.
Earth at risk in new epoch ruled by destructive humans
23 Mar 15 - Nature has been replaced by humans as the driving force behind changes on the planet − and we need to take urgent action if we are to avoid our own destruction.
Why is low-carbon energy innovation so slow? You can thank Economics 101
23 Mar 15 - The world needs a lot of energy. Global energy demand is expected to increase by 37 per cent percent over the next 25 years, according to the International Energy Agencys World Energy Outlook 2014.
Powerful wind blows through US energy sector
23 Mar 15 - By KIERAN COOKE.- The wind turbines are turning across America, and a major report by the US Department of Energy says the wind energy sector now supplies 4.5 per cent of the nations electricity.
Chemicals in fashion industry under spotlight
23 Mar 15 - Efforts by major fashion brands to remove toxic chemicals from their supply chains and to tackle water pollution are under the public spotlight.
WORLD TODAY: Florida employee punished for using phrase 'climate change'
23 Mar 15 - * France decrees new rooftops must be covered in plants or solar panels * Gates Foundation has $1.4bn in fossil fuel investments * Costa Rica powered by 100% renewable energy for first 75 days of...
Aussies want to know your water secrets
23 Mar 15 - Got ideas for cutting water use in manufacturing, energy production or the resources sector? Australia wants to hear them.
Wind power pioneer collects honour
23 Mar 15 - A Tauranga wind engineer has been made a fellow of the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand for his leadership in the development of wind generation.
On the move ...
23 Mar 15 - European Environmental Markets chief executive Adrian Rimmer is the new president of the international Climate Markets and Investment Association.
Law firm awards student environment prize
23 Mar 15 - Rachael Witney is the winner of the Simpson Grierson Environmental Law Prize for 2014.
A quiet start to the week
17 Mar 15 - NZUs traded smalls at $6.50 and closed at $6.45 yesterday on CommTrade. OMFinancial reports:
Heat is on to slow down faster rise in temperatures
16 Mar 15 - Analysis of temperature records and reconstructions of past climates indicates that the pace of global warming is about to accelerate.
Why is pumping CO2 underground stuck in second gear?
16 Mar 15 - There are many uncertainties with respect to global climate change, but there is one thing about which I have no doubts: we will not solve climate change by running out of fossil fuels.
Anthropocene began with species exchange between Old and New Worlds
16 Mar 15 - Time is divided by geologists according to marked shifts in the Earths state. Human activity has clearly altered the land surface, oceans and atmosphere, and re-ordered life on Earth. This suggests...
World needs early warning of climate-linked disasters
16 Mar 15 - A senior French political leader has told an international conference on how to reduce the risk from natural disasters that 70 per cent of them are now linked to climate change, twice as many as 20...
Whatever happened to the great European fracking boom?
16 Mar 15 - The European shale gas boom has not materialised in the way that some were predicting.
WORLD TODAY: Global emissions stall in 2014 following slowdown in China's economy
16 Mar 15 - * Norway's giant fund increases stake in oil and gas companies to £20b * Chinas dirty coal plants face climate risk, investors warned * Japan continues to re-embrace coal * Energy efficiency...
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Wind power pioneer collects honour
23 Mar 15 - A Tauranga wind engineer has been made a fellow of the Institution of...
On the move ...
23 Mar 15 - European Environmental Markets chief executive Adrian Rimmer is the new...
Law firm awards student environment prize
23 Mar 15 - Rachael Witney is the winner of the Simpson Grierson Environmental Law Prize...
Emirates keen to support green ideas
9 Mar 15 - New Zealand organisations which have innovative ideas and solutions in the...
When it comes to N in effluent fresher is better
2 Mar 15 - MEDIA RELEASE: The fresher the better thats one of the findings of new...
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Upcoming Events
Tue., Mar. 31: 3:00pm
The Scholarship of Teaching & Learning in STEM: An Introduction
Curtis Bennett, Loyola Marymount University
Interested in math or statistics but just not sure where to go from here? Careers in Math or Statistics
Majoring in Applied Mathematics
Majoring in Statistics
Explore the possibilities:
Careers in Math or Statistics Majoring in Applied Mathematics Majoring in Statistics
Math/Stat Moments
Can You Afford a Piece of Mathematical History?
If so, on April 13 in New York, you will have the opportunity to bid on the notebook of Alan Turing containing his hand written thoughts from the period during which he was trying to break the famed Enigma Code. Though most of Turing's papers are in the archives at King's College in Cambridge, a notebook that was passed along to his close friend and fellow mathematician is now coming up for auction.
For more information on Alan Turing, check out these links:
- http://www.turing.org.uk, the Turing website, maintained by biographer Andrew Hodges;
- http://www.alanturing.net, the Turing Archive for the History of Computing;
or catch a movie:
- Codebreaker, an award-winning drama-documentary available on DVD
- The Imitation Game, an oscar-nominated film in theaters now.
Spotlight on AMS
Time to Get Your Pi On!
It's that time of year again! It's the running (or walking, or even casual strolling) of the 6th Annual Ryan Sayers Memorial Pi Mile. Get all your geek gear and join us this Saturday (yep, Saturday!), March 28 for our run/walk/enjoy the day!
Registration begins at 8:30 with the run starting at 10:00am.
Online registration is available at ImAthlete
Check out the opportunities inside AMS or Ask Us if you have any questions.


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5 Healthy Gluten-Free Flours
Whenever anyone is introduced to gluten-free, they always ask "But what do you use for the flour?!" Well, there are tons of answers to that question! Here are 5 popular gluten-free flours that also pack in some nutrition so you aren't sacrificing texture or health.
1. Brown Rice Flour
Brown rice flour is just like the rice you get at sushi restaurants except dehydrated and powdered. It's whole-grain so you're getting the goodness of fiber, vitamins and minerals brown rice has to offer. Substitute it in for whole-grain quick bread recipes like banana or pumpkin.
2. Chickpea Flour
Chickpeas have long been celebrated for chana masala and hummus, but did you know you could bake with it, too? Chickpea flour has a high fiber content to it that holds pancakes, brownies, and other desserts together well without any crazy starches or gums.
3. Almond Flour
Almond flour is great to use for anyone gluten or grain-free. It has virtually no flavor to it at all so it blends with just about anything. Add it to cookies or cakes for a little extra richness from some healthy fats.
4. Oat Flour
Oat flour made with gluten-free oats can be a great, inexpensive flour to make at home. Just add the oats to a food processor and blend until they make a soft powder. Use fresh oat flour for incredibly delicious and nutritious pancakes and muffins.
5. Coconut Flour
Did you know there's flour in coconuts, too? Sort of. Coconut flour is the defatted, dehydrated meat of the coconut. It's super high in fiber content and a favorite for paleo and grain-free advocates. Try a little in cakes or muffins for a fluffy chew.
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!


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Rated 2 out of 5 stars
Very useful site; less than useful toolbar. Doesn't seem to do anything that can't be done with a custom search engine: http://mycroft.mozdev.org/search-engines.html?name=ewhois
Rated 3 out of 5 stars
Yet another 'Who is' ... wow, this is the big fashion nowadays, a new informative server a day and you'll know where you lay !
Too much !


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BOYS TENNIS: East Grand Forks senior grabs first section singles title
Ty Misialek had never won a Minnesota Section 8A singles championship.
"As you could see, I was a little nervous closing it out," he said.
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Ornaments Made Out of Window Screening
Yesterday I was at a craft store and I saw an ornament--happened to be a stocking--made out of window screening. They cut two pieces of screen in the shape of a stocking--but narrower than most--then wove it together with wire, then painted it with stripes, stars, etc. Looked pretty cool because some of the screen holes were filled in, some were not. Then they put a squiggly piece of wire at the tip of the toe and attached a bell to it. Anyone make these? Pictures?
you could make your own pattern ,theres a crafter on the hgtv holiday forum that does screen painting and tells you how to do it step by step, I will try and post a link http://stepbystepcrafting.spaces.live.com/ check out the other crafts there, the wire present one seems to be a big hit at craft shows
I have a friend who makes Santas out of window screen and paints them. She says it is very time consuming and you get a lot of cuts. :-(
Something small like an ornament wouldn't be as time consuming as painting a larger screen. This craft sounds simple enough really.
I know a few years ago I did wire outline of a bee and then filled the inside of the frame with window screen. I used a needle and "sewed" around it with fishing line and then painted the bee.
Not all window screen is wire either. You can get the fiberglass stuff, too. It can be painted and it won't cut you at all!
I struggled with this all weekend trying to get the paint to stick onto the screen. I understand it looks good to have some holes not fill in, but I can't get the paint to stick to any of it so it doesn't look good at all. Does anyone know how to get the paint to stick. The ones I saw at a local craft show were beautiful. They had big stockings, ornaments and cristmas trees in small pots and the paint was bright and colorful with only few holes open. Just about ready to give up!
I've painted window screen before...I just kept going over and over the painted area.
I was told to paint it with latex house paint first (only where you intended to paint the picture. Let it dry then paint over that. But since I paint free hand and seldom know exactly what I am going to paint for sure that didn't work for me.
I just used craft paints...and put it on thick.
I didn't paint many because it was a pain in the patoot....
So I just put a large dollar amount on 'em and they sold in the first five minutes. I think to other vendors. (they must have know what a pain it was to paint them...lol)
I saw some mittens made from screen, something I want to try myself. I was thinking......maybe if you sprayed cheap hair spray on it first,maybe a few coats? Or spray the clear sealer spray on it? You should be able to paint an 8x10 picture(or whatever size) That might give the paint something to stick to. How about the 'instant rust' technique...spray red oxide primer and sprinkle cinnamon for a rusty screen ornament?
I'll let you know when I get some made :D
Here is a link that might be useful: Kudzu's Blog


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Please note that this Digital Dialogue is a special co-sponsored talk in conjunction the Art History & Archaeology Department, and occurs on a different weekday and location.
The Michelle Smith Collaboratory for Visual Culture is located in Room 4213 of the Art and Sociology Building. Click here for a map.
The Central Building Office at Auschwitz was for its time one of the largest architectural offices in Europe with over 150 SS architects and engineers employed as well as an equal number of forced-labor draftsmen. It was these architects who literally built the infrastructure of imperialist expansion in the East, as well was the brutal complementary structures of the Jewish genocide.
This talk analyzes the documentary evidence of the imperial ambitions of the SS as well as the digital visualizations of that archival evidence. Building off of his current work on digitally mapping the site (with his co-author, Anne Kelly Knowles), Jaskot asks what is at stake for digital mapping in the humanities, as well as for a spatial and architectural understanding of the Holocaust.
. . . Continue Reading


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Richmond Newswire
Results 1 - 10 of 10 for "u:richmond-news.com" in Richmond, KY
City to begin public consultation on foreign language signs w/Photo
Another Chinese-only sign is erected on a construction site in 2015 after the issue caught fire during the municipal election. The sign's co-owner Alice Wu said she has not been consulted by the City of Richmond about how Chinese-only signs can impact community harmony. Comment?
Richmond chamber of commerce joins 'Yes' tax campaign w/Photo
The Richmond Chamber of Commerce is siding with the Better Transit and Transportation Coalition, which launched its public marketing campaign Thursday. "Richmond is a key transit hub for goods that move via air, sea and road; the efficient movement of goods and people in our region is a vital component to future economic growth and sustainability. Comment?
Brodie: Not concerned about growing retail space glut w/Photo
Target in Richmond is one of 133 stores closing across Canada after just 14 months in operation Photograph By File The impending closures of Richmond's Target and Sears stores does not have Mayor Malcolm Brodie worried that the city's retail window is shrinking. "Over time I have no doubt we will make up for that," said Brodie, whose government approved, in 2013, a large retail shopping centre anchored by Walmart on Garden City Road. Comment?
Brodie: Not concerned about growing retail glut w/Photo
Target in Richmond is one of 133 stores closing across Canada after just 14 months in operation Photograph By File Addressing the business community at the Richmond Chamber of Commerce, Mayor Malcolm Brodie echoed the policies he's overseen since becoming mayor in 2001 that have led to unprecedented growth in City Centre while largely preserving the municipality's rich farmland. Since 2010 Brodie said Richmond has seen $3 billion worth of development, largely focused in the City Centre node, including the emerging Richmond Olympic Oval neighbourhood of luxury condominiums. Comment?
Group excellence award w/Photo
Winners at the 37th Annual Richmond Chamber of Commerce Business Excellence Awards gather for a group photo following the event Nov. 27 at the River Rock Show Theatre.Photo by Rob Newell/Special to the News Winners at the 37th Annual Richmond Chamber of Commerce Business Excellence Awards gather for a group photo following the event Nov. 27 at the River Rock Show Theatre.Photo by Rob Newell/Special to the News Richmond's best, brightest, most innovative and community-minded businesses were celebrated Thursday evening in front of a sold out River Rock Show Theatre as the Richmond Chamber of Commerce hosted its 37th Annual Business Excellence Awards. Comment?
Richmond Chamber's exec director retiring w/Photo
After nine years as the executive director of the Richmond Chamber of Commerce, Craig Jones is retiring as of Jan. 1, 2015. The chamber will appoint Carol Young as the acting executive director as it begins its search for a new person at the helm. Comment?
Election 2014: Community activist Carol Day and Olympian Loo win seats on Richmond council w/Photo
Brodie romps to victory in mayoral race; city council incumbents safe, while voter turnout leaps nine per cent to 32 per cent Alexa Loo receives congratulations from Richmond First rival Andy Hobbs who she went neck and neck with all night for the last seat on council Richmond's home-grown 2010 Olympic Games star Alexa Loo has been elected to city council Photograph By Graeme Wood/Staff Reporter Richmond has re-elected its mayor, Malcolm Brodie and voted in two new city councillors, Carol Day and former Olympic snowboarder Alexa Loo. "I'm feeling really excited actually; thank you and thank you to all the people that voted for me and...the people that of been supporting me through this," said Loo, moments after her victory was sealed. Comment?
Candidates surveyed on commerce and industry w/Photo
The Richmond Chamber of Commerce released a survey of 28 candidates vying for mayor or city council in Richmond for the Nov. 15 municipal election. There was broad support for a mobile business license program for Metro Vancouver . Comment?
Richmond Community Coalition vows spending prudence, ombudsperson, term limits w/Photo
A spending review would be promoted by elected Coalition members on Richmond City Council, who will have pledged limits on their stay in public office. Six candidates for Richmond City Council and three for the Richmond Board of Education huddled in a circle prior to their news conference and gave a rousing cheer to one another, having formed the second largest slate in Richmond, over the past six months. Comment?
Pitcairn and Ho form RCC school trustee slate w/Photo
Pitcairn and Ho would be rookie trustees. For the November election they face five incumbent trustees in a seven-seat race for the Richmond Board of Education. Comment?
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On my first day of my first job after I graduated from school, the guy in the office next to me won this. I'm not sure if it was the grand prize; but it was pretty big. When I got there, this huge banner was on his door and there were tons of balloons tied to the door ****. He was in a different department from me, so I didn't really know him; but I always thought it was cool.
Thumbs Up


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About Scott Cleland
You are here
NetCompetition Hill Event: The Unnecessary Collateral Damage from FCC's Title II Internet (3-26-15)Submitted by Scott Cleland on Wed, 2015-03-25 16:52
How Consumers, Innovation & Business Will be Collateral Damage of FCC's
Date: March 26, 2015
Location: House Rayburn Building 2218
Time: 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM
Moderator: Scott Cleland, NetCompetition
The Appearance of Google-USG Conflicts of Interest GrowsSubmitted by Scott Cleland on Wed, 2015-03-25 11:03
Public evidence concerning the amount of special access Google has to the highest reaches of the U.S. Government creates at least the appearance that the U.S. Government's business may not be "conducted with impartiality and integrity" as required under Federal ethics rules.
FTC-Googlegate Scandal Repercussions in EU & U.S.Submitted by Scott Cleland on Fri, 2015-03-20 04:00
Previously unknown facts about the FTC staff's 2011 Google search bias investigation have the makings of a potential scandal and cover-up with broad repercussions for Google with the European Commission, other countries, the FTC, State AGs and Congress.
The WSJ gained inadvertent access to the FTC's 2011 staff report about its investigation of Google's search practices. FTC staff concluded: Google abused its monopoly power in search and search advertising; harmed Internet users and competitors; and manipulated its search results by favoring its own content over competitors' content.
FCC's Title II Legal Case is Modern Version of "The Emperor Has No Clothes"Submitted by Scott Cleland on Mon, 2015-03-16 11:48
I. Summary
Expect the FCC's new Open Internet Order's assertion of Title II authority ultimately to be rejected in court (90%), because of its core illegal confiscatory purpose and its serial ends-justify-the-means trampling of due process.
The FCC's Title II legal defense is a "modern" day version of "the Emperor has no clothes" fable, where the vain FCC confidently parades in public clothed in the legal fabric that utopian legal alchemists have convinced the FCC is invisible only to those who are "hopelessly stupid" or "unfit for their positions." Sadly, this emperor (the FCC) has no clothes (sustainable legal case).
NetCompetition on FCC Title II Internet OrderSubmitted by Scott Cleland on Thu, 2015-03-12 13:14
March 12, 2015 Contact: Scott Cleland 703-217-2407
History Will Judge the FCC's Regulation of the Internet as the FCC's Biggest Mistake Ever
The FCC's Order is Unlawful, Unconstitutional, Unwarranted, Unnecessary & Unworkable
WASHINGTON D.C. – The following may be attributed to Scott Cleland, Chairman of NetCompetition:
FCC Title II Protectionism Creates a U.S. Digital Single Market like EU'sSubmitted by Scott Cleland on Wed, 2015-03-11 11:04
On February 26th, the FCC executed President Obama's call to "implement the strongest possible rules" to regulate the Internet as a telephone utility under "Title II" of the Telecommunications Act.
Legally, the result of this "reclassification" was for President Obama and the FCC to assert regulatory jurisdiction over the Internet ecosystem, creating a de facto American "Digital [Internet] Single Market" industrial policy, like the European Commission is in the process of creating for the European Union.
Legally, America now has a single digital telecommunications/Internet market/ecosystem because the FCC is effectively reclassifying Internet traffic as Title II telecommunications and Title II is a holistic, end-to-end, 1934 regulatory regime designed for the FCC to decide most everything in the assumed monopoly telecommunications ecosystem from originating and terminating local access, long distance, phone and network equipment manufacturing, directories, etc.
Why FCC Will Lose in Court on Title II Internet (80%) – A Legal House of Cards -- A White PaperSubmitted by Scott Cleland on Mon, 2015-03-02 21:51
Link to full White Paper -- here.
The FCC's Open Internet Order, which reclassified the commercial Internet as a Title II utility, is very likely (80%) in the end, to be overturned in court – for a third time.
The FCC's legal theory and many core assumptions are so aggressive, it's clear that the FCC expects, and needs, continual and maximal deference from the court to prevail. The FCC also requires the courts to view the FCC's most aggressive assertion of unbounded authority ever, as a mere administrative interpretation of ambiguous law, and not a political bypass of Congress and the 1996 Telecom Act.
NetCompetition Statement on FCC Title II Internet Utility RegulationSubmitted by Scott Cleland on Thu, 2015-02-26 13:44
February 26, 2015
Contact: Scott Cleland 703-217-2407
Strike Three in Court? FCC's Rube Goldberg Legal Theory is Contrived, Arbitrary & Unbounded
The FCC's Predictable Fiasco of Internet Utility Regulation -- Daily CallerSubmitted by Scott Cleland on Tue, 2015-02-24 08:49
Please don't miss my latest Daily Caller op-ed – "The FCC's Predictable Fiasco of Internet Utility Regulation."
This Internet policy foundation U-turn predictably will set in motion a chaotic cascade of other supporting policy U-turns over time.
FCC Open Internet Order Series
Part 1: The Many Vulnerabilities of an Open Internet [9-24-09]
The FCC Is Not Neutral – My Daily Caller Op-edSubmitted by Scott Cleland on Tue, 2015-02-17 19:29


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When to plant apple trees
I plan on putting some dwarf apple trees in my yard and what I cannot seem to discern from all the info I am reading is exactly when to plant them.
When is the best time to plant apple trees? Could I get away with planting them in February?
You can plant almost all fruit trees in fall or early spring. I think February would be fine if your ground isn't frozen.
Bare root trees need to be planted as soon as you find them in stores to give the roots a chance to grow before hot weather arrives. Containerized trees can be planted later, but if you wait until late spring/early summer, the heat will be really hard on them.
Thanks! I was worried about it being too cold and windy for young trees, but I guess Feb. is fine.
Thanks! I am shopping as we speak! :)
You're welcome.
The cold won't bother them as much if the soil is moist around the root zone. Dry roots freeze more easily than moist roots. You don't want the soil soggy wet because you don't want for root rot to set in, but you want it moist, and in winter, you won't have to water very often because the soil dries out a lot more slowly than it does in hot weather. Putting a layer of mulch on the ground around the tree, but with the mulch not right up against the tree trunk, will help keep the soil temperatures and moisture from fluctuating too much.
A bigger risk to young fruit trees is that sometimes small animals will gnaw on them in cold weather and damage the bark. If they gnaw away a ring of bark all around the tree, thereby girdling it, the tree will die. To avoid this, when I plant a young fruit tree, I put hardware cloth bent into a round tube about 18-24" tall around the tree trunk to protect it from gnawing. You also can use those plastic trunk protectors they sell to protect young trees from string trimmers. (At our house, these are a must during mowing weather or my spouse will accidentally girdle the tree bark with the string trimmer---not intentionally, of course, but the tree dies regardless.)
I've linked the OSU Fact Sheet on Planting Home Fruit Trees for you in case you haven't read it before.
Here is a link that might be useful: OSYU Home Fruit Tree Planting Guide


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"This is a fun way to style up Easter eggs and turn an ordinary deviled egg into one with more eye appeal. Good idea!" – lutzflcat
"Cut in half, these would be great appetizers/finger food for a buffet table. Ours had the perfect 'crunch' that we like in fresh asparagus. Very nice recipe!" – lutzflcat
"These are a cute and fresh idea for an appetizer or as a pretty addition to a festive vegetable tray." – mauigirl
"DELICIOUS! Who would've guessed that something so simple could taste so good?" – Christina
"Fabulous recipe! Incredibly simple to make and so delicious! I served it with pita chips and crudités." My guests loved it. – run2eat
Recipe of the Day
Japanese Deviled Eggs
The flavorful heat of wasabi wakes up the senses in a Japanese fusion-style deviled egg.
Similar Recipes | More Daily Recipes
See how to make easy, cheesy, crispy cheese sticks.
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Garlic Crab Artichoke Dip
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Simple Deviled Eggs
April's Deviled Eggs
Choose your Easter dinner main dish from hams, savory lamb, and over 150 more recipes.
Bunny cakes, lamb cakes, chocolate eggs, and carrot cakes to nibble on.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
See how to make beautiful brightly colored Easter eggs.
See how to make traditional braided Easter bread with a simple glaze.
Chick it out! Bake these cute little cakes inside your Easter eggshells.


text: Jobs Companies & Reviews Companies Salaries Interviews Hiring? Post a Job Construction Executive I Salaries 1 Salaries Sort: Popular Most Reports Salary Salaries in $ (USD) Average Min Max Construction Executive I M. A. Mortenson (2 M. A. Mortenson Salaries) $168,701 $161k $176k $168,701 $161k $176k Embed this report Anonymized Range [?] If we only have one or two salaries posted for at , showing that salary information may risk employee anonymity. So in that case we generate an anonymous salary range by adding and subtracting a small percentage from the posted salary. The small percentage difference offers additional anonymity while still minimizing the difference between the range and the employee's actual salary. Salaries > Construction Executive I Explore More Construction Executive I salaries in Phoenix, AZ Construction Executive I salaries in Wayzata, MN