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Artificial Magnetic Materials Using Fractal Hilbert
Leila Yousefi, Member, IEEE, and Omar M. Ramahi, Fellow, IEEE
Abstract—Novel configurations based on Fractal Hilbert curves
are proposed for realizing artificial magnetic materials. It is
shown that the proposed configuration gives significant rise to
miniaturization of artificial unit cells which in turn results in
higher homogeneity in the material, and reduction in the profile
of the artificial substrate. Analytical formulas are proposed for
design and optimization of the presented structures, and are
verified through full wave numerical characterization. The elec-
tromagnetic properties of the proposed structures are studied
in detail and compared to square spiral from the point of view
of size reduction, maximum value of the resultant permeability,
magnetic loss, and frequency dispersion. To validate the analytical
model and the numerical simulation results, an artificial substrate
containing second-order Fractal Hilbert curve is fabricated and
experimentally characterized using a microstrip-based character-
ization method.
Index Terms—Artificial magnetic materials, Fractal Hilbert
curves, metamaterials, microstrip-line based characterization,
and permittivity.
Recently it has been shown that utilizing magneto-dielec-
tric materials instead of dielectrics with high permittivity offers
many advantages in an important class of applications [1]–[8].
In [1], it was shown that using materials with high permeability
for antenna miniaturization can increase the bandwidth while
materials with high permittivity would shrink the bandwidth.
Furthermore, when materials with only high permittivity are
used for antenna miniaturization, the high impedance mismatch
between the substrate and the air decreases the efficiency of the
system, while in the case of using magneto-dielectric materials,
the impedance mismatch is smaller leading to the higher effi-
ciency for the miniaturized antenna. It was shown in [2] that
magneto-dielectric resonator antennas have wider impedance
bandwidth than dielectric resonator antennas. In [3], a meander
HEN exposed to an applied electromagnetic field, mag-
neto-dielectric materials are polarized both electrically
Manuscript received August 27, 2009; revised November 21, 2009; accepted
February 01, 2010. Date of publication May 18, 2010; date of current version
August 05, 2010. This work was supported by Research in Motion and the
National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada under the
NSERC/RIM Industrial Research Chair Program and the NSERC Discovery
Grant Program.
The authors are with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Depart-
ment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada (e-mail:
email@example.com; email@example.com).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2010.2050438
line type antenna using a magneto-dielectric material as a sub-
strate was proposed for using in RFID systems. In [4] mag-
neto-dielectric materials were used as a superstrate to increase
the gain of a patch antenna leading to lower profile in compar-
ison to antennas with dielectric superstrates. In [7] magneto-di-
electric materials were used as the substrate of a mushroom-
type electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG). The results in
[7] showed that using magneto-dielectrics could increase the
in-phase reflection bandwidth of EBGs when they are used as
artificial magnetic ground planes.
For low-loss applications in the microwave region, natural
material choices are limited to nonmagnetic dielectrics. When
requiring relatively high permeability, the choices are limited to
ferrite composites which provide high levels of magnetic loss
[9]–[12]. Therefore, artificial magnetic materials are designed
to provide desirable permeability and permittivity with man-
ageable loss at these frequencies [13]–[19]. In spite of double
negative metamaterials which are designed to provide negative
permeability and permittivity, the goal of designing artificial
magnetic materials is to provide an enhanced positive value for
The idea of using the split-ring as an artificial magnetic par-
ticle was introduced first in [20]. The works on realizing such
a media started in the late 1990's [13]–[15]. Since then, engi-
neers have proposed numerous types of inclusions [16]–[19].
The single and coupled split ring resonators (SRR), modified
ring resonators, paired ping resonators, metasolenoid [16], split
square spiral configuration [18], are some of the most popular
configurations used in previous works. Each proposed structure
provides its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of re-
sultant permeability and dissipation. For example, in [16] it was
shown that the metasolenoid configuration provides higher per-
meability in comparison to SRR configurations, or using split
square spiral configuration results in artificial magnetic mate-
rials with smaller unit cells when compared to SRR and meta-
solenoid [17], [18].
One of the most important applications of artificial magnetic
materials is implementing miniaturized planar structures, spe-
cially miniaturized microstrip antennas [18], [19], [21]–[24].
Although it was shown that by using these materials, significant
miniaturization factors could be achieved in the planar sizes of
the antennas, the height of the substrate is limited by the size of
theunit cell of theartificial structures. Thesize of thedeveloped
artificial unit cells are typically much smaller than the wave-
(for example, for a microstrip antenna operating at 200 MHz,
the smallest profile achieved is 2 cm [18]). Therefore, miniatur-
izing the unit cell of artificial materials not only provides better
homogeneity, but also decreases the antenna profile.
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With the aim of further miniaturization, other sub-wave-
length particles have been recently proposed such as spiral
resonators [17], [18], capacitively loaded embedded-circuit
particles [25]–[27], as well as lumped-element based metama-
terials [28]. In [17], it was shown that using spiral resonators
decreases the size of the inclusion by a factor of 2 when
compared to SRRs (split ring resonators). In [25]–[27], using
parallel-plate capacitors, inclusions as small as
oped. (Note that in this paper, by
the host dielectric at the resonance frequency. Since by using
a high-k dielectric, the size of the inclusion decreases, and
therefore, it is not useful to compare different inclusions based
on wavelength in the air.) However; the structures in [25]–[27]
are three dimensional and cannot be realized using printed
circuit board technology. Using lumped elements within the
inclusions, unit cells as small as
The solution proposed in [28] is promising, however, lumped
elements need to be soldered into place for each unit cell which
makes the fabrication process difficult and time-consuming.
In [18], using square spirals unit cells as small as
developed and used for antenna miniaturization. The structure
introduced in [17], can be realized by simple printed tech-
nology. In this paper, we introduce fractal curves as inclusions
for artificial magnetic material to further increase the miniatur-
ization potential.
Previous works on using fractal geometries in developing
artificial structures included frequency selective surfaces [29],
high-impedance surfaces [30]–[35], left-handed metamaterials
[36], and complementary split-ring resonators [37]. An ex-
tended class of space-filling wire structures based on grid-graph
Hamiltonian paths and cycles has also been investigated in [38].
In this work, the use of Fractal curves to miniaturize artificial
magnetic materials is investigated. This idea was proposed for
the first time as a conference paper in our pervious work [39].
Combining the square spiral loop configuration with fractal
Hilbert curves, a new configuration is proposed to realize fur-
ther miniaturization for artificial particles. It is shown that by
using fourth-order fractal Hilbert curves, inclusions as small as
can be realized. Using higher order Hilbert curves results
in even smaller unit cells. Analytical formulas for design and
analysis of the proposed structures are presented. Full-wave
numerical characterization and experimental testing is carried
out to validate the analytical results. The electromagnetic
behavior of the proposed structures are investigated from the
point of view of size reduction, maximum value of the resultant
permeability, magnetic loss, and frequency dispersion.
The organization of this paper is as follows: In Section II, the
new inclusions based on fractal Hilbert curves are introduced
and analyzed. Analytical formulas for design and analysis
of the proposed structures are presented, and full-wave nu-
merical characterization is performed to verify the analytical
results. Furthermore, using the analytical model and numerical
simulation results, the proposed inclusions are compared to
spiral inclusions. In Section III, second-order Fractal Hilbert
inclusions were fabricated and characterized. For experimental
characterization, we have used a new method reported in our
prior work [40]. Summary and conclusion are provided in
Section IV.
are devel-
we mean the wavelength in
were developed in [28].
Fig. 1. (a) SRR. (b) Square spiral. (c) Second-order Fractal Hilbert inclusion.
(d) Third-order Fractal Hilbert inclusion. (e) Fourth-order Fractal Hilbert in-
clusion. Note that as the order of Hilbert curve increases, the size of inclusion
Fig. 1 shows the proposed structures for metamaterial inclu-
sions based on Hilbert curves, along with the split ring res-
shown in [17] that the effective capacitance of the spiral config-
uration is four times of that of the SRR. Therefore, spirals can
reduce the resonancefrequency of the inclusion by a factor of 2.
This claim was verified numerically and experimentally in [17].
The structures proposed in this work combine the idea of using
spiralconfiguration (proposed in[17])and FractalHilbert curve
to provide inclusions with smaller size.
The dimensions of the inclusions as a fraction of the wave-
length in the dielectric at the resonance frequency are shown in
Hilbert curve makes it possible to realize inclusion as small as
. This size is 63% of the size of spiral inclusion and 32%
of the size of SRR.
A. Analytical Model
Fig. 2 shows a unit cell of a third-order Hilbert inclusion. In
what follows, a general formulation, which can be used for any
order of Hilbert inclusions, is derived for the effective perme-
ability. The unit cell in Fig. 2 has dimensions of
magnetic field
in the y direction induces an electromotive
,, and
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Fig. 2. A unit cell of engineered magnetic substrate composed of inclusions
with 3rd order Hilbert Curve.
the induced
in the ring. Applying Faraday's law, one can obtain
duced magnetic field,
enclosed by the inclusion. Since the dimensions of the unit cell
inartificialmaterials aresmallincomparisontothewavelength,
is the frequency of the external field,
is the induced current, and
is the in-
is the area
The generated
and the induced current as
is related to the impedance of the rings
Equating (1) and (2) yields
is the impedance of the metallic inclusion.
From (3), it is observed that the effective inductance,
inclusions can be defined as
of the
The magnetic polarization,
induced magnetic dipole moments can be expressed as
defined as the average of the
Using (3) and (5), the relative permeability
is obtained as
It should be noted that the substrate whose unit cell is shown
in Fig. 2 can provide magnetic moment vectors only in the di-
rection perpendicular to the inclusion surface (i.e., the effective
permeability formulated in (6) represents the yy component of
fields, the effective permeability will be equal to that of the host
media which is unity for nonmagnetic substrates. Therefore, the
artificial substrate will be anisotropic with permeability tensor
To achieve isotropic artificial substrates with the same effec-
tive permeability in all the three directions of x, y, and z, two
inclusions with the surfaces perpendicular to the x, and z direc-
tions should be added to the unit cell shown in Fig. 2. If these
two inclusions have the same structure as the inclusion perpen-
dicular to the y direction, the same effective permeability for-
mulated in (6) will be achieved in the x, and z directions.
inclusions of any order. The only difference between various
orders would be in the value of the inclusion impedance,
and the effective inductance,
The effective inductance,
, enclosed by the inclusion; and since this area varies by
the order,
, of Fractal Hilbert curve, the effective inductance
would be dependent on .
given in (4) is a function of the
is given as
(see Fig. 2). Equation (8) can be proved using mathematical
induction principle [41].
The inclusion impedance,
which models the ohmic loss of the metallic inclusions due to
mutual impedance between external and internal loops,
, can be calculated using the Ohm's law
is the dimension of the inclusion in the x direction
, consists of two parts:,
is the width of metallic strips and
the metallic strips.
andare the conductivity and skin depth, respectively,
is the total length of
is given as
Equation (10) can be proved using mathematical induction
principle [41]. In the proposed inclusions, the internal loop
follows the shape of the external loop, therefore the mutual
impedance between external and internal loops
modeled as the per-unit-length mutual impedance of the strips,
, times the average length of the strips,
can be
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Page 4
nique for the coplanar strip lines [42]
is the gap between the metallic strips. The per-unit-length
is calculated using conformal mapping tech-
gent of the host substrate, respectively. The impedance given
in (13) contains a parallel combination of a capacitance,
and a conductance,to model the capacitance between the
metallic strips and the loss due to the conductivity of the host
It should be noted that this model considers the capacitance
increases when the space between non-adjacent strips is much
larger than the space between adjacent strips. However, for the
compact structures or for high order fractal curves, where the
space between non-adjacent strips is comparable to the space
of the relative permeability that can be used to initiate a design.
To extract exact relative permeability, one needs to use the full
wave simulation method as explained below in Section II-B.
The proposed analytical formula developed in (6) fits the
Lorentz model [43]
andare the relative permittivity and the loss tan-
if the following substitutions are made:
Here, the
typical host substrate, several orders of magnitude smaller than
The approach introduced in this section for deriving relative
permeability of Hilbert inclusions can be used for square spi-
rals too, and results in the same formula derived in (6). The
only difference would be in the value of the effective lumped
, , and. Equation (16) illustrates the pa-
term in (13) has been ignored since it is, for a
Using the above formulas, Table I compares the effective in-
ductance, capacitance, resistance, and the resonance frequency
of Hilbert inclusions with those parameters of the square spiral.
The electrical parameters of the host substrate and the geomet-
rical parameters of the unit cell and metallic strips are assumed
to be the same for all the Hilbert inclusions and spiral.
From Table I, using Fractal Hilbert inclusions instead of
square spirals reduces the effective inductance while increasing
the effective capacitance in such a way that the resonance
frequency would be smaller for Fractal Hilbert curves with
. Therefore, using structures with Hilbert curves of order
3 or higher results in miniaturization of inclusions. We also
observe that the miniaturization factor increases with the order
of Hilbert curves.
Table I also gives higher value of effective resistance for
Hilbert inclusions when compared to spirals. Increasing the
effective resistance in the circuit model results in lower
factor, which in turn results in lower rate of change in the
resultant permeability with respect to frequency. Therefore,
lower frequency dispersion can be achieved for the artificial
medium. On the other hand, any increase in the effective
resistance results in an increase in the magnetic loss of the
artificial medium. Furthermore, since the effective inductance
is reduced, it is expected that the maximum value of the relative
permeability would be smaller for Hilbert inclusions when
compared to spiral.
miniaturization of the inclusions, and, furthermore, in a reduc-
tion of the frequency dispersion of the artificial medium. The
drawbacks would be lower resultant permeability and higher
magnetic loss. This conclusion will be verified in part C using
full wave numerical simulation.
B. Numerical Full Wave Analysis
In order to verify the accuracy of the analytical model devel-
this section to characterize the proposed engineered materials.
The simulation setup is shown in Fig. 3.
In the simulation setup, periodic boundary conditions are
used in the z and y directions around a unit cell to model an
infinite slab, and perfect matched layers absorbing boundaries
are used in the x direction to prevent reflections from the com-
putational domain walls. For characterization, the well known
plane wave analysis method is used [44]–[46]. In this method,
the effective parameters,
and, are extracted from the
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Page 5
Fig. 3. Simulation setup used for numerically characterization of metamate-
reflection and transmission coefficients. Equations (17)–(20)
give the relationship between the effective parameters and the
transmission and reflection coefficients [44]–[46].
number, respectively;
characteristic impedance, refractive index, permittivity, and
permeability of the engineered material, respectively;
are the reflection and transmission coefficients, and d is the
thickness of the engineered material. The sign in (17), and
(18) is determined by the requirements that
for passive media. The numerical process was
carried out based on the finite element method using Ansoft
HFSS10 full-wave simulation tool.
andare the air characteristic impedance and wave
,,, and are the effective
C. The Resultant Permeability
Using the aforementioned analytical and numerical methods,
the relative permeability of the proposed structures in Fig. 1
was derived and the results are shown in Figs. 4, 5. In these
figures, the resultant permeability of Hilbert curve structures
are compared to that of the square split spiral proposed in [17],
[18].Theparametersand dimensionsofallthestructuresare the
same and are given as:
, host dielectric of
Fig. 4. Real part of resultant permeability for engineered materials with inclu-
sions shown in Fig. 1. Analytical results (solid line) are compared with numer-
ical results (dash line).
Fig. 5. Imaginary part of resultant permeability for engineered materials with
inclusions shown in Fig. 1. Analytical results (solid line) are compared with
numerical results (dash line).
, and the strips are assumed copper to
model the loss.
permeability,computedanalytically andnumerically.As shown
in these figures, for inclusions with 3rd or 4th order Hilbert
curves,which resonate at lower frequencies, a strong agreement
is observed between the analytical and numerical results. How-
ever; for the inclusions with spiral or 2nd order Hilbert curves,
which resonate at higher frequencies, a frequencyshift reaching
a maximum value of 8.8% for the case of 2nd order Hilbert is
analytical model has been derived based on the assumption of
field uniformity throughout the unit cell, the smaller the inclu-
lytical model is. Therefore, the numerical simulations for inclu-
sions based on the 3rd or 4th order Hilbert curves are expected
to give closer agreement with the analytical model in compar-
ison to inclusions based on lower order Hilbert curves.
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Page 6
Fig. 6. Imaginary part of the resultant permeability at frequencies below the
resonance. The frequency is normalized to the resonance frequency.
As shown in Fig. 4, and Fig. 5, for
exhibit lower resonance frequency compared to the split spiral
with the same size. Therefore, as predicted by the circuit model,
for a given resonance frequency, using Hilbert inclusions with
pared to the split spiral. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 4, when
the order of the fractal Hilbert curve increases, the response of
the permeability becomes smoother. Therefore, as predicted by
the circuit model, using fractal structures decreases the rate of
the permeability variation with respect to frequency leading to
lower dispersion in the artificial substrate.
From Fig. 4, the maximum value achievable for the resultant
fact was also predicted by the circuit model as explained in
Section II-A. In terms of loss comparison, as shown in Fig. 5,
at the resonance frequency Hilbert inclusions yield lower value
for theimaginary part,so theyprovidelowerloss attheresonant
frequency. Notice that it is difficult to compare the imaginary
parts at the other frequencies using the scale shown in Fig. 5.
For this, we have presented the imaginary part of the perme-
ability at the frequencies below the resonance in Fig. 6. In this
figure, the numerical results are used, and for the sake of com-
parison, the frequency is normalized to the resonance frequency
for all inclusions. As shown in Fig. 6, for frequencies below
resonance, the imaginary part of the permeability is higher for
Hilbert inclusions than that of the spiral inclusion, and as the
order of Hilbert increases the imaginary part increases. There-
fore, as predicted by the circuit model, at the frequencies below
the resonance Hilbert inclusions provide higher loss when com-
pared to spirals.
, fractal structures
To verify our analytical and numerical results, an artificial
magnetic material composed of 2nd order Hilbert inclusions
was fabricated and characterized. A unit cell of this structure,
and its dimension are shown in Fig. 7.
To measure the constitutive parameters of the artificial sub-
strate, we use a novel microstrip-line based characterization
Fig. 7. One unitcell ofthe fabricatedartificialsubstrate, ? ? ? ? ???????,
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ???? ??, ?
????? ??, ?? ? ?? ? ?? ??.
? ???? ??, ?? ?
Fig. 8. A single strip containing 6 unit cells of inclusions fabricated using
printed circuit board technology.
method reported in [40]. In this method, the permeability of
the artificial substrate is extracted by measuring the input
impedance of a shorted microstrip line which is implemented
over the artificial substrate [40]. The advantage of this method
over previously developed techniques is that the characteriza-
tion can be performed by using a simple inexpensive fixture.
Furthermore, no sample preparation is needed for characteriza-
tion, and the same substrate designed for any microstrip device
can be used for characterization as well.
Using printed circuit technology, a strip of 6 unit cells of
Fractal Hilbert2 inclusions was fabricated on an FR4 substrate
strips were then stacked in the y direction to provide a three-di-
mensional substrate. Due to the thickness of the metal inclu-
sions, an average air gap of 50
in the stacking process. The air space, while unavoidable in
the fabrication process, is nevertheless measurable so it can be
easily included in the design.
(See Fig. 8). Forty of these
develops between the strips
A. Permittivity Measurement
Using the engineered substrate and two conducting plates,
a parallel-plate metamaterial capacitor was fabricated, and by
measuring its capacitance, the permittivity of the artificial sub-
strate was calculated [18].
According to the classical image theory, using only one
period of the artificial unit cells, in the area between the two
metallic parallel plates, can mimic the behavior of an infinite
array of unit cells, which is the default assumption in the
analysis and design of artificial structures. This property, there-
fore, makes the method presented in [18] highly robust and
well-suited for metamaterial characterization. It is interesting
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Page 7
Fig. 9. Simulation results for extracted permittivity (real part).
to note, however, that the authors of [18] observed a rather large
difference between the analytically estimated and measured
permittivity values (a difference of more than 30%). The large
discrepancy is in fact due to the approximations used in the
derivation of the analytical formula. For the same artificial
structure measured in [18], we have performed a full wave
numerical simulation using the simulation setup discussed in
Section II-B and obtained a difference between simulation and
measurements of less than 7%.
for this artificial magnetic substrate was measured, at the low
frequency of 10 MHz, as
ulation setup explained in Section II and Ansoft HFSS10, the
permittivity of the artificial magnetic substrate was numerically
calculated as
, thus showing good agreement with
However; the simulation results show that the resultant permit-
tivity changes with frequency in such a way that at the reso-
nance frequency of 630 MHz, the permittivity decreases to 7.6
(see Fig. 9). The method used in [40] is not suitable to mea-
sure the permittivity as a function of frequency; however, since
the measurement results at low frequency are close to the sim-
ulation result, the subsequent calculation of the permeability is
expected to yield a comparable level of accuracy.
[40]. By using the sim-
B. Permeability Measurement
The same substrate that is used for permittivity measurement
is used as a substrate of the shorted microstrip line to extract
the permeability. The fabricated fixture used for permeability
measurement is shown in Fig. 10. The fabricated substrate has
dimensions of 12, 8.2, and 1.1 cm in the y, z, and x directions,
respectively. For the quasi-TEM dominant mode, the
fields in the substrate will be in the y and x directions, re-
spectively.Thereforethis configurationcan be used for retrieval
Using a vector network analyzer, the complex input
impedance of the shorted microstrip line shown in Fig. 10
is measured over the frequency range of 500–680 MHz. Then
using the data shown in Fig. 9 for
is extracted by the method reported in [40]. The real and
and measured impedance,
Fig. 10. The fabricated fixture used for permeability measurement.
Fig. 11. The measured and numerically simulated real part of the permeability
for the artificial magnetic material shown in Fig. 10.
Fig. 12. The measured and numerically simulated imaginary part of the per-
meability for the artificial magnetic material shown in Fig. 10.
imaginary parts of the measured y-directed permeability are
shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. The measurement data shown in
these figures are from [40]. In these figures, the measurement
results are compared with the numerical simulation results.
The 50
air gap was also included in the simulation. Unfor-
tunately this air gap cannot be modeled within the analytical
formulas presented in Section II. The analytical model, which
dose not consider the air gap, results in a resonant frequency
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Page 8
of 520 MHz, corresponding to a 16% shift when compared to
the simulation results that included the air gap. A similar shift
in the resonance frequency due to the air gap has also been
reported in pervious works [18].
The shaded area in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 determines the fre-
As explained in [40], over this frequency range corresponding
to frequencies higher than 638 MHz, the measurement results
are not valid due to the restriction of the formulas used for mi-
crostrip effective permeability in [40]. As explained in [40],
the formulas exist in literature for microstrip effective perme-
ability are derived using conformal mapping technique where
the permeability was assumed positive. Therefore, these equa-
tions cannot be used at over the frequency range where the per-
meability is negative. However, since artificial magnetic mate-
rials are designed to operate at frequencies over which the per-
meability is positive, characterization of the permeability be-
havior at those frequencies would be sufficient for application
purposes. Over the frequency range where the real part of the
permeability is positive, good agreement is observed between
the simulation and measurement results.
As briefly discussed above and more extensively in [40], in
the numerical analysis, periodic boundary conditions are used
to mimic an infinite number of unit cells. However, in practice
we can only realize a finite number of unit cells. For example in
the setup used in thiswork (see Fig. 10),the fabricatedsubstrate
contains 6 unit cells of inclusions in the z direction and only
one unit cell in the x direction. Therefore; we do not expect a
very strong agreement between simulation and measurements.
By analyzing the induced magnetic field distribution within the
inclusion, we observed that at the resonance frequency, a strong
magnetic field is present mainly at the center of the inclusion.
However, at frequencies below resonance, we observe a rela-
tively weak field at the sides of the inclusion (the sides normal
to the x-direction in Fig. 9). Accordingly, at the resonance fre-
quency the adjacent unit cells in the x direction have a minor ef-
resonance, this effect is not negligible. This observation could
potentially explain the fact that we have good agreement be-
tween simulation and measurement at the resonance frequency,
but the agreement becomes weaker for frequencies below reso-
nance (see Fig. 11).
It is most likely that increasing the number of unit cells in the
x-direction provides higher homogeneity in the fabricated sub-
strate which will resultin a better agreement between numerical
and measurement results. On the other hand, in a wide class of
applications such as antenna miniaturization, only one unit cell
is used in the x direction [21]–[24], and therefore, the measure-
ment results would be of strong relevance.
The use of Fractal curves to miniaturize artificial magnetic
materials was investigated. Novelconfigurationswere proposed
to realize artificial magnetic materials with smaller unit cells
by combining the square split loop configuration with Fractal
Hilbert curves. The new designs are desirable when designing
low profile miniaturized antennas in which the engineered mag-
introduced to design and analyze the new structures. The ana-
lytical model was validated through both full wave simulation
order of Fractal Hilbert curve, it is possible to realize inclusions
as small as 0.014 of the wavelength in the dielectric. This size
is 63% of the size of spiral inclusion and 32% of the size of
SRR. Using higher order Hilbert curves results in even further
miniaturization of the unit cell. In terms of the electromagnetic
properties, the new structures provide lower frequency disper-
parison to the simple square spiral inclusions. This advantage
comes at the expense of lower permeability and higher mag-
netic loss at frequencies below resonance.
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netism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE
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[18] K. Buell, H. Mosallaei, and K. Sarabandi, "A substrate for small patch
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crow. Theory Tech., vol. 54, pp. 135–146, Jan. 2006.
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[41] J. Franklin and A. Daoud, Proof in Mathematics: An Introduction.
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[46] R. W. Ziolkowski, "Design, fabrication, and testing of double nega-
tive metamaterials," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 51, no. 7, pp.
1516–1529, Jul. 2003.
Leila Yousefi (M'09) was born in Isfahan, Iran, in
1978. She received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees
in electrical engineering from Sharif University of
Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 2000 and 2003, respec-
tively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering
from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON,
Canada, in 2009.
Currently she is working as a Postdoctoral Fellow
at the University of Waterloo. Her research interests
include metamaterials, miniaturized antennas, elec-
tromagneticbandgap structures,and MIMO systems.
Omar M. Ramahi (F'09) received the B.S. de-
grees in mathematics and electrical and computer
engineering (summa cum laude) from Oregon State
University,Corvallis,andthe M.S.andPh.D.degrees
in electrical and computer engineering from the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
From 1990–to 993, he held a visiting fel-
lowship position at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign. From 1993 to 2000, he worked
at Digital Equipment Corporation (presently, HP),
where he was a member of the alpha server product
development group. In 2000, he joined the faculty of the James Clark School of
Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, first as an Assistant Pro-
fessor, later as a tenured Associate Professor, and where he was also a faculty
member of the CALCE Electronic Products and Systems Center. Presently,
he is a Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and
holds the NSERC/RIM Industrial Research Associate Chair, University of
Waterloo, ON, Canada. He holds cross appointments with the Department of
Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and the Department of Physics and
Astronomy. Previously, he served as a consultant to several companies and was
a co-founder of EMS-PLUS, LLC and Applied Electromagnetic Technology,
LLC. He has authored and coauthored over 240 journal and conference papers.
He is a coauthor of the book EMI/EMC Computational Modeling Handbook
(Springer-Verlag, 2001).
Prof. Ramahi serves as an Associate Editor for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
ADVANCED PACKAGING and as the IEEE EMC Society Distinguished Lecturer.
Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Waterloo. Downloaded on August 11,2010 at 20:25:17 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.


text:
travel safety
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There are many concerns when planning to travel alone, including your own personal safety. However, with a little bit of planning and a lot of common sense, your upcoming vacation alone can be just as safe as walking around your hometown.
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ZIMRA fears e-tail losses
GOVERNMENT| Aug. 2, 2012, 1:55 p.m.
The Zimbabwean Revenue office has expressed concern that it may be losing millions because it is unable to monitor internet transactions.
Zimra's Bulawayo station manager for customs, Sitheni Ncube, says the revenue office's systems needed to be upgraded to allow it to monitor the exchange of funds via the internet.
Without being able to do so, ZIMRA was unable to tax the transactions.
APC judgment: NCC seeks stay of executionNCC is seeking a stay of execution of judgement following a notice of appeal against the High Court judgement that it violated the rights of the APC. Read More
Digital can overcome Africa's challenges – Ivory Coast PMAfrica has serious challenges and to overcome them, the continent needs to go the digital route, Ivory Coast Prime Minister Daniel Kablan Duncan said at the 2015 Africa IT & Telecom Forum (AITTF) last week. Read More
NCC postpones 2.6GHz spectrum auction againNigeria's telecoms industry regulator, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), has again postponed the proposed auctioning of the 2.6 gigahertz (GHZ) spectrum band it started about two week ago. Read More
Public private partnerships panacea to broadband development, says Etisalat chiefChief Executive Officer of Etisalat Group, Ahmad Julfar has identified public private partnership (PPP) as one approach that could help African countries boost broadband development. He argued that access to broadband is a basic right for everyone. Read More
Experts commend Rwanda as a model in using ICT and e-GovernancePolicy makers and experts in ICT gathered in Kigali for the Commonwealth e-Governance Forum Africa from 24-25 March 2015 have commended Rwanda as a model in using ICT and e-Governance for sustainable development. Read More
Pay APC N500m, court orders NCC, telcos - NCC appealsAs the presidential election draws near, a Federal High Court has ordered the regulator of the telecoms sector, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and five other telcos to pay the All Progressives Congress (APC) the sum of N500 million for unlawfully shutting down the party's presidential campaign fund-raising platform. Read More
CPC reads riot act to telcos, banks, others over consumer rights breachesNigeria's Director-General, Consumer Protection Council (CPC), Mrs. Dupe Atoki, has warned telcos, banks, Pay TV service providers and others in the country that end is near for the flagrant abuse of customers' rights. Read More
Togo launches Digital School Togo projectThe West African nation of Togo has launched the pilot phase of 'Digital School Togo', a project that is aimed at introducing digital technology in teaching and underpinning the critical importance of ICTs in the education system. Read More
Ghana Presidency gets a new E-Cabinet platformGhana's cabinet on Thursday witnessed a major boost as the President John Dramani Mahama unveiled a new E–Cabinet platform to used by himself and members of his cabinet. Read More
DRC, World Bank launch construction of CAB5Construction work of the Central African Backbone (CAB) Phase 5 was officially launched this week by Thomas Luhaka, Democratic Republic of Congo VPM in charge of posts, telecoms and ICTs. Read More
FEATURED STORY2bn priced out of internet access
A new report from the Alliance for Affordable Internet shows that the price of broadband remains prohibitive for billions in developing and emerging countries, with women and rural dwellers hardest hit.
IN DEPTHVillagers get solar training at Barefoot College
The Botswana Human Resource Development Council (HRDC) has seconded seven semi-illiterate mostly Ngwatle villagers for a six month solar electrification training course at the famed Barefoot College in India.


text:
Midgard Campaign Setting (PFRPG/AGE)
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The Monsters of Sin epitomize the very worst of our natures, and prey on others' weaknesses. Designed for GMs, this first book in the Monsters of Sin series for Pathfinder Roleplaying Game is devoted to Avarice: the insatiable lust for wealth. The monsters in this book are powerfully motivated by wealth, or they tempt player characters to make poor choices in the name of greed.
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Shell Oil recently filed an exploration plan for the Chukchi Sea with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement. The company said it expects to drill up to six wells in the Chukchi Sea, starting in the summer open water season of 2012.
Drilling in the Chukchi Sea is contingent on resolution of an appeal in the U.S. District Court in Alaska against the lease sale in which Shell purchased the tracts where it plans to drill.
In early May, the company filed a corresponding exploration plan for the Beaufort Sea off Alaska. The Beaufort plan called for drilling up to four wells offshore, also starting in 2012. Depending on factors such as ice and weather, the company would drill up to three wells a year in the Chukchi and up to two a year in the Beaufort, using the drilling ship Noble Discoverer and a floating drilling platform named Kulluk.
In addition to needing BOEMRE to approve its exploration plans, Shell will require the agency's approval of individual permits for each well before drilling can commence.
Shell also needs air quality permits for both its Chukchi Sea and Beaufort Sea drilling operations; earlier this year the Environmental Appeals Board remanded those permits to the Environmental Protection Agency for rework after a successful appeal of their issuance.
Shell had originally planned to drill up to three wells in the Burger, Crackerjack and Southwest Shoebill prospects in the Chukchi Sea in 2010 but the company was forced to defer that plan in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico.
In 2011, the company opted out of any Chukchi Sea drilling because of continuing uncertainty over the district court appeal of the Chukchi leases. The company eventually abandoned a plan to drill in the Beaufort Sea in 2011 because of the remand of its air quality permit by the Environmental Appeals Board.
Shell has now filed its new Chukchi plan, presumably in anticipation of resolving both the district court appeal and the air quality permit appeal in time for drilling in 2012.
However, in its new plan, Shell says it wants to drill all its wells in the Burger prospect, using the Noble Discoverer. Burger, a 25-mile-diameter structure that is known to hold a major natural gas pool some 80 miles off the western end of the North Slope, was the star bidding target in the 2008 Chukchi Sea lease sale. Shell bid heavily for rights to explore the crest of the structure, including a $105 million bid on a single tract. Conoco Phillips purchased tracts on the perimeter of the structure.
Shell is already somewhat familiar with the prospect, having drilled there in 1990 as part of an industry exploration program that resulted in five wells, the only ones ever drilled in the Chukchi Sea.
The Burger well bottomed out at a depth of 8,202 feet, having lost mud circulation in tarry rock after penetrating a 107-foot-thick, gas-bearing sandstone. Although the well demonstrated the existence of substantial gas in the sandstone, the total extent of the gas pool remains unknown. There is also the possibility of an undiscovered oil accumulation below the gas.
Geologists in the U.S. Minerals Management Service, the precursor to BOEMRE, estimated that the Burger might contain anywhere from 2 trillion to 63 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, with a most likely estimate of about 14 tcf.
According to Shell's Chukchi plan, if the company receives the go-ahead to drill again at Burger, it will drill to depths below its primary target, presumably to test the geology and hydrocarbon potential lower in the rock sequence.
Shell's drilling ship will pass north through the Bering Strait at the beginning of July 2012, ready to start work as soon as weather and ice conditions permit. Drilling is expected to continue until the end of October 2012.
An ice management vessel, an anchor-handling vessel and two offshore supply vessels will support drilling. The supply vessels will carry supplies to the fleet from Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands or from the Chukchi Sea coastal village of Wainwright. Aviation operations in support of the offshore activities will be conducted from Barrow and Wainwright.
Explorers will be prepared to deflect ice that threatens the drilling vessel, and drilling operations will stop and the drill vessel will move offsite in the event of severe ice.
Shell has agreed to cooperate with North Slope communities to mitigate any potential effects of drilling on subsistence hunting. The plan includes operation of communication centers in coastal villages.
Shell is also applying to the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for authorization for the incidental harassment of marine mammals such as whales, seals and polar bears during offshore operations.
Shell's oil spill response fleet will include an oil spill response vessel and barge, stationed in the vicinity of a drilling operation. An Arctic oil storage tanker will be available to reach the site within 24 hours of an oil spill. Shell is also constructing a containment dome to cap a well in the event of a blowout; the containment dome would enable oil escaping from the well to be captured and channeled through a pipe for collection by surface vessels.
Shell would have additional oil spill response vessels and equipment available, ready to take action within a reasonable time, if necessary, including an ice-strengthened oil spill response barge for nearshore operations, according to the plan.
The Noble Discoverer would be Shell's primary facility for drilling a relief well to plug an out-of-control well. If the Discoverer were to become incapacitated, the Kulluk would also be available to drill a relief well.
Shell's well-control plan emphasizes spill prevention through careful well planning, early detection of pressure kicks and real-time monitoring of drilling operations. The company has said a well blowout in the shallow water of the Chukchi is extremely improbable.
By ALAN BAILEY
Petroleum News


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24 Henry
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Continental Breakfast
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Pets allowed
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Exploring the PCH, then to SF
Back on the road again, with lots to see!
We left Atascadero and headed up the 1 along the coast. This is a slow road with lots of corners- great fun in a fast car, and OK fun in the camper.
The sun was shining, the dogs were happy (but I think noticed Spotty was gone), and the surf was big.
We stopped by the wedding house to ...
17 Days Ireland/Scotland/England in May 2015
... Bamburgh Castle. Dinner and nightlife.
Day 14: Train from Newcastle Upon Tyne to London. Check into Ashley Hotel
Day 15: Train from London to Coventry. Good friend will tour us.
Day 16: City Discovery Tour of Stratford, Cotswold, and Oxford. Back to London in the evening.
Day 17: Homebound flight, from Gatwick to Dublin, 4 hours layover, then San Francisco.
There's gold in them thar hills!
... with electrical plugs, so I was able to complete my blog for Day Four, and prepare a slide show for tonight. The train ran through a number of towns, some of which got their start in Gold Rush days. The bus ride back to the St. Regis Hotel in San Francisco from Emeryville was amazingly speedy, considering rain and rush hour, typically deadly time killers.
On Day One, I expressed my own personal concerns about an "Event" ...
California Dreamin'
... photos and getting a feel for the neighborhood. The stragglers from the "Santa-Con" parade of young drunks dressed up in Santa costumes made for some good photos.
At 4 pm, there was an opening talk by Corey Keller, Photography Curator for the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. She had a portfolio of photos of the 1906 earthquake and fire that destroyed five square miles of downtown San Francisco. Prior to the fire, ...
Cable Cars, Crab and Chocolate -a perfect day!
... up, in the previous few days.
From there we walked down to Fisherman's Wharf where the trawlers come in and had a lunch of the local and in season Dungeness Crab. Served simply with lemon juice it was fresh and sweet. Enjoyed it very much but still prefer a fresh king prawn over crab any day. We then wandered further along the waterfront towards Fort Mason and the historic Ghirardelli ...


text:
Stacey Tranter artfully crafts bespoke wallpapers and she needed her brand identity to reflect that across the board—from the logo to the packaging and extending into an e-commerce platform as well. As with every project we take on, there was consideration given to the expectations of her existing and potential clientele. The resulting outcome was the following: identity, packaging, and functional advantages over her competitors. Below is a finalized copy of her logo. Read More
We owe a tremendous thank you to our wonderful clients that made 2013 one very busy year. We're proud of the work we've been putting out and we're very excited to announce the completion of a project that took the better part of the year to design and development (that'll come in a different post). Read More
Holy moly, it's been a wild ride the last few months at Merisign. We've been busy doing what we do best—design and build some of the best digital experiences we can. Recently, we've seen the success of Diva Boutique and the launch of their online store, killer t-shirt designs for Wear the Brand, and quite a few websites for businesses throughout the country.
This was a fun project. MDAPA's existing site was rather dated looking, but moreover had lost its functional purpose. We're excited to continue seeing users and members alike enjoy the updated UI and UX. Check out the images below for a basic before and after. Read More


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Literacy Residency
For four days of the week of February 9, two classes in Robert Andrews and their teachers had a very special experience.
Ms. Sandy Figueroa, an associate and partner of Ms. Regie Routman, both experts in teaching and literacy, was a guest or "resident" teacher. Ms. Figueroa worked with a Grade 6 class and a Grade 8 class, for one period each morning, for four days. She demonstrated teaching practices which have been shown to be effective in improving students' writing (and reading), across all subject areas. Administrators and teachers from RA and three other Middle Years schools, along with two RETSD Assistant Superintendents, were observers of the teaching in the morning, and used the afternoons to discuss their observations, participate in Learning Walks through several classrooms in the school, and to discuss implementation plans.
As the "Hub" school for this initiative for all of the Middle Years schools in the division, RA has the benefit of having teachers work directly with Ms. Figueroa during each residency, and to have many more teachers observe her. Since this was the second year that Robert Andrews School has hosted the Residency, we now have four "hub" teachers, and almost every teacher has observed her.
RA teachers in all subject areas are very excited and have begun to implement the new teaching practices they have observed. In addition, they have devised and implemented whole school practices such as RAW (Robert Andrews Writes) and RARE (RA Reads Everyday), daily writing and reading time. We have already observed significant changes in students' interest and abilities in reading and writing, which we feel will eventually increase students' engagement in learning and in their achievement across all subjects.
Salisbury Morse Place School invites all former students and employees to help them celebrate 100 years of learning on April 23, 2015. For more information, please see the attached poster.
RETSD's Annual Report to the Community for 2013-14 is now online. Go here to read about the progress that has been made related to the division's priorities.
RETSD believes that regular attendance and punctuality are positive behaviours that need to be fostered in our school system. That's why, in its third year of an initiative to increase school attendance, the division has produced Attendance – a guide...
Robert Andrews School3230 Manlius St.East St. Paul, ManitobaR2E 0H7
Phone: 204.661.5838Direct Access to Teachers: 204.661.4200Fax: 204.669.7002Email the school
Principal: T. StoeszVice-principal: S. Evans
Robert Andrews School3230 Manlius St.East St. Paul, ManitobaR2E 0H7
Phone: 204.661.5838Direct Access to Teachers: 204.661.4200Fax: 204.669.7002Email the school
Principal: T. StoeszVice-principal: S. Evans


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iHerb Customer Reviews
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Posted by Reviewer3218335 on Feb 13, 2011
Our youngest children cannot take pills and they balk at taking vitamins. I was worried that I would have to fight to get them to take these drops too, and that it would, in the end, just be more money wasted. NOT SO! They take the drops readily and happily. They really have no taste at all. Our family doc says a Vit. D supplement is a must, so I'll never be without this. Thanks!
Carlson Labs, For Kids, Ddrops, Liquid Vitamin D3
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So easy to take, no taste but my daughter is always excited to take it on her bread every morning!
Sneaky Way to Give Kids D3
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Posted by Reviewer2259707 on Nov 14, 2011
I was giving my kids the gummy d3 vitamins, but switched to these drops after concern about the sugar in the gummies. I put a drop or two in their favorite foods and they don't notice a thing.
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1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer1031643 on Dec 09, 2011
We had been using the Carlson Baby drops, since our daughter was born. Those lasted a yr and noticed they no longer make it under that label. It looks like the baby drops were relabeled as "Kids" all the same stuff just a different label on the container. My wife(6Kiu), daughter(400iu), and I(4K) all take Vit D3 drops. Our daughter, 15mnths, has only been sick once for a day and only had a fever once in her life for a few hours. I haven't been sick in 5yrs, although this is only on facet to stay healthy it is a very important component to keep your immune revved up to fit off anything.
Lasts forever!
1 person found the following review helpful
Posted by Reviewer1193394 on Dec 15, 2011
Easy to use - I put a drop or two on my 6 year old daughter's toast n the morning! She is very healthy compared to other kids at school. We give her cod liver oil as well (she doesn't like taking that!).


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Tanji Patton
Tanji Patton is an Emmy award-winning journalist who produces a fun, engaging and informative Web site called Good Taste With Tanji. You can read more about Tanji on her Web site and can follow her on Twitter at twitter.com/TanjiPatton and Facebook.
Need a break – how about High Tea?
When was the last time you sat down with a friend or two in the middle of the day to relax and just talk? It doesn't happen nearly often enough does it! Maybe you can change that. How about a little 'tea time' at the Lion & Rose English Pub & Restaurant in Sonterra? It's […] [Read More]
Where to find best burger & best wine
What's the best hamburger you've ever had? In our neck of the woods I have two favorites – the 'crack' burger at Zinc, (pictured here). That's what locals call it because it's so deliciously addictive. The green chili cheese burger out at the Alamo Springs Café near Comfort is a close second. In Comfort, an […] [Read More]
Don't Make Common Mojito Mistakes
Nothing cools you down like an ice-cold Mojito – the flavors of fresh lime juice, mint and rum are incredibly refreshing. The key to making the perfect Mojito is to use fresh ingredients and to avoid a couple of very common mistakes-don't tear the mint leaves for starters! On my website Goodtastewithtanji.com the mixologist for […] [Read More]
Beringer Steak Challenge & Wine Pairing – FREE
Okay steak fans, and yes of course, red wine fans this one's for you! Beringer Vineyards is hosting an Iron Chef style 'Steak Challenge'. It's a regional grill-off where local chefs, amateurs included, get a shot at the national championship where they could win either $15,000 or even a spot on the Food Channel. There […] [Read More]
Super Simple Twist on Tiramisu
I discovered this beautiful cake on a video shoot with Rosie Benner, the chef extraordinaire that comes up with all the recipes for HEB brand products. We were shooting a video on how to throw a pizza party in your backyard (which is GREAT fun by the way). This cake has fewer calories than traditional […] [Read More]
Mondavi family reunites to create new wine!
The news this week grabbed my attention because I'm a big fan of the Mondavi family – like any other wine enthusiast, I have a tremendous amount of respect for the late Robert Mondavi and his enterprising family. Recently, Mike and I have gotten to know Rob and Lydia Mondavi through working on our website […] [Read More]
Would you taste this dish?
If you do, you'll love it! You've got to taste this classic Italian dish, but first you have to SEE how it's made here! I was captivated. This beautiful truffled egg and asparagus salad is the creation of renowned chef Andrew Weissman who continues to delight crowds at his new Il Sogno restaurant at the […] [Read More]
Paesanos' Limoncello Tart
A tiny, chilled glass of Limoncello is delightful, but wait till you taste this silky, lemony creation at Paesanos . We were in the charming Italian town of Positano the first time we were introduced to Limoncello. It was about 10:30 one morning when a shop owner asked us if we'd ever tasted Limoncello. She […] [Read More]


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Top Headlines
Southern Company subsidiary acquires Wind
Company receives national awardfor Vogtle construction
Southern Company subsidiary acquires two Georgia solar projects totaling 99 megawatts
Tom on...
CEO Tom Fanning speaks about energy innovation.Read More
Corporate Responsibility
Learn more about our commitment to the communities we serve, from our approach to environmental stewardship, to our efforts to support the neighborhoods in our network.
Smart Grid
We are using technologies to build and maintain a smarter, more robust transmission and distribution system.
We Make Electricity
Find out how we're advancing our nation's energy future.
Plant Vogtle Update
For the latest info on the Vogtle 3&4 project, check out our fourth quarter Vogtle Timeline video.Learn More
SO To Go
A monthly summary of high-level Southern Company information. Get the facts and figures about environmental leadership, climate change, new nuclear, transmission & distribution, renewable energy and energy efficiency.View PDF
Fourth-Quarter Earnings
Replay webcast of the earnings call and view other earnings information.Learn More
Latest NewsView All News


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Professional Visual Studio 2008Professional Visual Studio 2008 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 is the latest version in theongoing evolution of the Integrated Development Environment (IDE),and this resource examines the diverse facets of the IDE—fromcommon tasks to intricate functions to the powerful tools thataccompany the main code editing and design windows. Written by aunique author duo and offering an in-depth look at the
Professional Windows Phone 7 Application Development
Building Applications and Games Using Visual Studio, Silverlight, and XNAA one-of-a-kind book on Windows Phone 7 development While numerous books cover both Silverlight and XNA, there lacksa resource that covers the specifics of Windows Phone 7development. This book fills that void and shares the specifics ofbuilding phone applications and games. You'll learn how toget started with designing, building, testing, and deploying mobileapplications for Windows Phone 7.
Professional ASP.NET 4, Professional C# 4, VB 2010 Programmer's Reference, WPF Programmer's Reference, Professional Visual Studio 2010, and Professional SQL Server 2008The books included in this set are:9780470502204 Professional ASP.NET 4: in C# and VB: Written by three highly recognized and regarded ASP.NET experts, this book provides comprehensive coverage on ASP.NET 4 with a unique approach featuring examples in both C# and VB, as is the incomparable coverage of core ASP.NET.9780470502259 Professional C# 4 and .NET 4: After a quick refresher on C# basics,
Professional Visual Studio 2010In Professional Visual Studio 2010, developers will find a fast route to IDE programming success. The authors zero in on advanced topics and demonstrate the new features of the IDE, including code snippets, refactoring, and patterns. Covering the latest .NET Framework 4 and Visual Studio 2010 with a unique IDE-centric approach, the book has been revised to include a discussion of Visual Studio's
Learning PrimeFaces Extensions DevelopmentThis book provides a step by step approach that explains the most important extension components and their features. All the major features are explained by using the JobHub application with supporting screenshots. If you are an intermediate to advanced level user (or developer) who already has a basic working knowledge of PrimeFaces, then this book is for you. The only thing you need to know is
Getting Started with Citrix XenApp 6This book has a tutorial style with step-by-step instructions and adequate screenshots for carrying out each task. If you are a system administrator or consultant who wants to implement and administer Citrix XenApp 6 farms, then this book is for you. This book will help both new and experienced XenApp professionals to deliver virtualized applications.
Hacking Vim: A Cookbook to get the Most out of the Latest Vim EditorThis is a cookbook packed with ready-to-use hacks that give solutions for some of the commonest problems users of the Vim editor encounter during their daily use. Each recipe follows a systematic approach with a self-contained description of the task it covers, how to use it, and what you gain by using it. The reader can read any of the hacks in this book without having to read any of the other
Beginner's Guide to Gambas, Revised EditionA Beginner's Guide to Gambas is the first definitive reference for the Linux-based Gambas programming language. Gambas ships with a graphical development environment based on the Basic programming language. It supports object-oriented programming and is similar to Microsoft's Visual Basic product. Gambas uses the Qt toolkit and supports other toolkits like GTK+. With Gambas, you can quickly design
With this book you will learn in a step-by-step manner and build solutions from the ground up using NetBeans. Each recipe is well illustrated and the code contained in the examples is very engaging and will allow developers to build functional and fun software while learning how the IDE can help them with their tasks. Java developers of all levels who use NetBeans will be able to learn from and
Microsoft System Center 2012 Configuration Manager: Administration CookbookThis cookbook is full of immediately useable recipes showing you how to administer System Center 2012 Configuration Manager and understand how to solve particular problems/scenarios. In addition to its cookbook style, which ensures the solutions are presented in a clear step-by-step manner, its explanations go into great detail, which makes it good learning material for everyone who has experience
Pro SharePoint 2013 AdministrationPro SharePoint 2013 Administration is a practical guide to SharePoint 2013 for intermediate to advanced SharePoint administrators and power users, covering the out-of-the-box feature set and capabilities of Microsoft's collaboration and business productivity platform. SharePoint 2013 is an incredibly complex product, with many moving parts, new features, best practices, and "gotchas." Author Rob
Visual Studio Lightswitch 2012LightSwitch 2012 is included as part of the Visual Studio 2012 package. It is a rapid application deployment tool that lets power users and administrators build data-centric business applications for the desktop, cloud, and Web in just a few clicks, with no code required. The basics are very easily understood but more advanced users will hunger for more: how do you design complex layouts? How do


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When consumers encounter financial difficulty, I believe it is important to review their potential solutions with the possible end results in mind. To me, the entire purpose behind debt relief intervention, is recovery. What does the consumer need to do in order to resolve their situation, so they may recover, rebuild, and become productive again? That's the basis for every ... Read More »
Author Archives: Guest Post
Octomom the Latest to Endorse Payday Loans
[repostus thumb=2569712 hash=8de81793c1c5e05ac067a54a2626145a title=Octomom%20the%20Latest%20to%20Endorse%20Payday%20Loans host=Credit.com short=1iztg] Read More »
Study: Payday Loans Used for Expenses, Not Emergencies
[repostus thumb=2584759 hash=f948eb892894bd187b60668de1e8392e title=Study%3A%20Payday%20Loans%20Used%20for%20Expenses%2C%20Not%20Emergencies host=Credit.com short=1iJl8] Read More »
Debt Settlement Advice for Debt Settlement Companies and Consumers – Part 6 – How to Do Simultaneous Settlements
One of the reasons I have been writing these articles is to shed some light to the industry about settling debt simultaneously, its reliability, and its advantages for consumers. Our evaluation process at Debt Relief A La Carte is probably more broad than the typical debt settlement approach. So, to help debt relief companies identify simultaneous options and opportunities, this ... Read More »
Facebook Founder Zuckerburg Gets 1 Percent Mortgage Rate. Nice to Be Stinking Rich.
[repostus hash=ea85b39b0867a47d658f36c1aa499729 title=Zuckerberg%26%23039%3Bs%201%20percent%20mortgage%3A%20Why%20does%20a%20billionaire%20need%20a%20loan%3F host=The%20Christian%20Science%20Monitor short=1i9uA] Read More »
Debt Settlement Advice for Debt Settlement Companies and Consumers – Part 5 – Why Simultaneous
Back when I was in collections, I recognized a major vulnerability to the consumer. When the consumer was represented by a debt settlement company and settling their debts one at a time, with each settlement that was made, their negotiation power was diminished. Back then, when I would negotiate with a debt settlement company, the first thing I would do ... Read More »
Tax Defense Network – ConsumerTaxReports.org Warning to Companies
ConsumerTaxReports.org/Tax Defense Network are one in the same company. Below you will find a background history on Tax Defense Network and how we at JG Tax Group have successfully stopped these two entities from what we believe to be libeling our company. Tax Defense Network has set up a website called www.consumertaxreports.org. This website claims to deliver "Real Reviews", "Honest ... Read More »
Debt Settlement Advice for Debt Settlement Companies and Consumers – Part 4 – Settlements and Payment Plans
As we all know, there isn't a one size fits all debt solution. Every situation is different. However, the goal and destination is always the same. That goal is to lower your monthly obligations to an affordable level. One way to immediately lower your monthly obligations is Chapter 7 bankruptcy. However, if you are faced with the prospect of filing ... Read More »
Debt Settlement Advice for Debt Settlement Companies and Consumers – Part 3 – Families and Couples
Debt Relief Considerations If you have a spouse or a partner, it is very important to review each of your situations separately, to ensure that you both require the proposed solution. This is true for any debt relief related situation. Meaning debt settlement, credit counseling, bankruptcy, whatever. At Debt Relief A La Carte, I see this all too often. When ... Read More »
Debt Settlement Advice for Debt Settlement Companies and Consumers – Part 2 – Debt Settlement Fees
Part 2. Debt Settlement Fees Unlike most industries, the fees charged in the debt settlement industry, have a direct effect on the services they're selling. I'm sure you have heard the old adage, "you pay for what you get". Personally, I'm a firm believer in that philosophy. I'm more of quality of over quantity guy, myself. However, it is the ... Read More »
Debt Settlement Advice for Debt Settlement Companies and Consumers – Part 1 – On Time with Payments
This is part 1 of a 7 part series covering debt settlement advice for both the debt settlement industry and consumers. Throughout this series, we will be taking an in depth view into the various aspects of debt settlement, their best practices, and their effects on consumers. Our first topic is about… Part 1. Enrolling into a Debt Settlement Program ... Read More »
The Effect of Bankruptcy on Your Mortgage.
What most residential mortgage borrowers do not understand is the a bankruptcy only discharges personal debt. A bankruptcy will not eliminate a security interest in property. In reality, a bankruptcy discharge may have no effect whatsoever on a borrower in relation to the mortgage if the debt is a non-recourse debt. To truly understand the effect of bankruptcy discharge on ... Read More »
Debt Settlement Companies Suffer from Premature Representation
First, I'd like to say thank you to Steve Rhode for the invitation to make a guest post. Steve, I greatly appreciate you opening up your venue. Rather than focusing on what Debt Relief A La Carte offers, I'd like to take this opportunity to discuss why. It will be much more meaningful for all. I've been waiting for a ... Read More »
Zombie Debt 1099 Style. And You Thought Your Old Debt Was Dead. LOL.
THE KING OF ZOMBIE DEBT: THE 1099-C. WHAT TO DO WHEN COLLECTION CONTINUES AFTER RECEIVING A 1099-C By Gregory M. Fitzgerals, Esq. Most folks who get a 1099-C accept that it is a good news/bad news thing. The bad news is you must include the 1099-C as income on your taxes. The good news is you no longer owe the ... Read More »
Reducing Debt with a Second Job
Reducing debt can be a difficult task, especially if you are already involved with collections. Sure the FDCPA will protect you from harassment, but who really wants to deal with that? One method to getting out of debt is to make more money…fast. Getting a second job is an effective way of doing that. While getting a second job may ... Read More »


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- Guest Commentary: the Rockford Apartment Association
- State Roundup: NIU employee improperly reimbursed $30K
- State Roundup: Governor signs budget fix bills
- Rauner, Democratic leaders shake hands and make law
- State roundup: National guardsman and cousin arrested in terror plot
- Lawmaker says license plate readers a privacy threat
- Bryant not the first to feel impact of free agency rules
- State Roundup: Parents' group calls for standardized test opt-out bill
- Hononegah Mack: 'The best woman in the county'
- The tip of the iceberg: Human trafficking in America
Classic cars to invade downtown Durand June 17
• Advanced registrations must be postmarked by June 9
Online Staff Report
DURAND, Ill. — The Center Street square in downtown Durand, Ill., will be transformed into a parking lot of classic cars when the Stateline Classics Car Club hosts its 16th Annual Father's Day Car Show, Sunday, June 17. Cars begin rolling into town at 8 a.m. for the day-long activities
Last year, the show drew 175 participants from northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin and as far away as Indiana. Club President Glenn Matteson expects this year's show to be even bigger and better. "We're preparing for over 200 cars," Matteson said.
"We've added a few new thing this year", Matteson added. "We'll have crafters and other activities including 'Drags by Dave,' where youngsters will receive a Matchbox car and race them on a specially prepared track for trophies, all at no charge. There will also be the famous 'muffler rapping' contest, belt toss competition and new this year (weather-permitting) is a drag racing 'Christmas Tree' to test your reaction time."
3D Sound from Dixon will again be providing favorite music from the past.
Nearly 50 cars have already pre-registered for the event. Advanced registrations must be postmarked by June 9, but will continue the day of the show from 8 a.m. until noon. Voting takes place from noon to 1 p.m. with trophy presentations at 3 p.m. The event is free to spectators.
"This is a great opportunity to bring your children or grandchildren to view cars from the past up close and personal," Matteson said. "And most participants are eager to talk to you about their vehicle. It's just a good day of family entertainment."
More than 60 trophies will be awarded, including a 5-foot-tall "Best of Show" award to the top car in the competition. Unique to the Durand show is the spectator voting. Spectators can vote for their favorite car from among those entered.
Proceeds from the show benefit St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and other local charities. In each of the past five years, the club has donated $1,000 to St. Jude, in addition to helping many local charities.
Posted June 6, 2012


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|ESPN.com: Dallas Cowboys
|[Print without images]
In late 2008 after resigning from West Texas A&M in Canyon where he coached quarterbacks for three seasons, Leaf said he spent 42 days in an inpatient treatment center in Vancouver, B.C., before doing two months of outpatient care. He said he has been clean for 17 months.
Randall County District Attorney James Farren said after the deal was finalized that Leaf's addiction was flagrant and that everyone on the West Texas A&M football team knew about it.
"Everyone knew if you got injured you'd get a visit from Ryan Leaf," Farren said. "And when he left he had half their pain medication."


text: Publications Search Results Users may wish to consult What's Included in the Bibliography. Results 1 - 1 Results per page: 25 50 100 Sort by: Pub Date (newest) Title Recent Additions Author Clear All Pub. Year Citation 2010 Stoddard, A. Adolescent Marijuana Use: Family and School Correlates. Thesis, University of Michigan. Export Options: RIS EndNote XML [1]


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working professional looking for room.
hi im a full-time working professional looking for a room, would like to pay 50-70 a week.
hi im a full-time working professional looking for a room, would like to pay 50-70 a week.
I am currently living in a ground floor flat located in Cardiff Bay which used to be owned by my landlord so is very well looked after. It is fully furnished with sofa dining table and chairs, washing machine, oven, hob's, built-in fridge and microwa
Hi, It's Gaia, I am urgently looking for a room to get asap. In any area of Cardiff preferably not more than 2 miles away from the city centre. I am a a 20 years old Italian girl, currently a full time employer at a city centre restaurant and a stu
Double bedroom in 2 bed apparent to let, use of all facilities, own bathroom, wifi included, balcony, must like cats, southward area, 10 mins from beach, local bus route,
Hello, I am a young professional lady and in college as well. I am looking for a clean houseshare, roombuddies, roomshare to rent with easy going people who treat a property as their own with respect and cleanliness. I am looking for somewhere
Hello. My name's Mikey and I'm 30. I work in Cardiff Bay and I currently live with my family in Roath. I've been in Cardiff for about 6 months, and prior to that I lived in London for about a decade, but before that I lived in Cardiff while doing A l
I'm interested in renting a double room in a shared house. I'm a young, tidy Spanish guy who wants to improve my English skills along next summer. As near as possible to city centre because I will work over there.
Room in shared flat around Cathays, Penylan, City Center and surrounding areas of Cardiff wanted.


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The little ****er got thru both my firewalls and all my other security on my laptop. So now im on my old desktop. I hope he didn't do to much damage. I stopped most the downloads while it was shutting down, but he saved two damn porn pages to my desktop.
Some one is trying to hack my computer . I can tell cause random download things are opening saying they are virus protect but they move to fast to be virus protection.
have to nao?
What that supposed to mean???????DAMN 50 CHAR THINGY!
Well i make my own backgrounds and render or fine some rendered anime to use......or something. IDK it's hard to desribe since I don't use photoshop....
Oh well then i don't know....I never used hotoshop. Heard that u have to pay money or something. I can't do Mine has to be free...
You think Xion is scary? lol.
Its ok so do I lol.
lolz sure....^ Do you have any thing for that kinda of stuff?? I use Gimp to make most of my sigs.....
Sure, just don't give anyone that info lol
I climbed a tree o_o
I hope I do good........ToT oh well I'll do better on the next one!!!!
God Of Angelz


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About Career Pathing
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Career Pathing
Planning, navigating, and altering your career journey. From someone who's still learning the way.
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Christensen, Paulsen win Patriot cc titles
LARCHWOOD, Iowa -- Both the Murray County Central/Fulda girls and the host Hills-Beaver Creek/Ellsworth/Edgerton boys rode the strength of an individual champion -- along with exceptional squad balance -- to claim team titles Monday at the Patriot Invitational Cross Country Meet at the Larchwood Golf Course.
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Amazon Mining Holding has achieved a significant natural gas discovery near the company's Cerrado Verde Project in Brazil's Minas Gerais state.
Minas Gerais Governor Antonio Anastasia reported the find today. The state of Minas Gerais holds a 49% participation in Amazon Mining, which is also composed of Orteng, Imetame Engenharia, and Delp Engenharia. He said the discovery is located within 40 km of Amazon's mineral claims and was the first well drilled by the syndicate in one of its five exploration areas.
Anastasia said that the discovery in the Cerrado Verde region is hoped will lead to even lower prices to the local market because the region is not yet served by a gas pipeline that could transport the product to more distant consumers. The gas reserves were discovered with the intersection of free flowing gas at 1,440 meters, which is expected to be the first of a multiple horizon system that might reach a depth of 2,500 meters.
Expectations are that the well will reach that depth within 60 days. According to the state Secretary of Mining, Metallurgy and Energy, Paulo Sergio Machado Ribeiro, "Irrespective of any long term project, the aim is to start production by next year in order to benefit the industries established in the region."
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Adria Saracino | March 26, 2013 | Comments
In order to create a successful marketing plan for the long term, you need both the "what is" and the "what could be" aspects incorporated into your strategy.
Big data: this phrase has been on the minds of marketing teams in the last year or so. But it has become more than just an industry buzzword; it has become the driving force behind changing marketing practices.
CMOs report spending on marketing analytics is expected to increase by 60 percent by 2015. That represents a huge shift in marketing strategy and theory.
But is big data the end-all answer to marketing strategy and research, and does it replace more qualitative market research used to develop consumer personas?
Where Big Data Fails
Obviously big data has its place in market research. It's incredibly useful when building a marketing strategy and it can be very helpful in developing customer personas, but it does have its downfalls, namely in the use of analytics tools.
This isn't to downplay that analytics tools have come a long way in the last few years. They can give you detailed information about who is visiting your site, where they live, what devices they use, what they do/don't purchase, and how long they stay on your site. They produce very helpful information when developing a marketing strategy, so you should use them. However, it's important to be aware of how these tools are misused and how they can fail your marketing strategy.
Where Qualitative Research Wins
In the face of big data domination, it might seem like personas are irrelevant and outdated. But personas still provide valuable insight into customers, and should be part of your market strategy. As Forbes contributor Jonathan Salem Baskin said, "big data insights will never substitute for imagining little souls."
While big data will drastically improve marketing strategies (and, yes, persona development), relying on that information alone can be very risky for your marketing efforts. Big data usage within marketing teams has its faults, including:
Ultimately, big data can show you what is, but personas have the ability to show you what could be, as they can be used to determine future behavior. In order to create a successful marketing plan for the long term, you need both the what is and the what could be aspects incorporated into your strategy.
Thank you to Kyra Kuik for your diligent help in gathering information required for this column!
Big Data image on home page via Shutterstock.
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Adria Saracino is the head of outreach at Distilled, a creative online marketing agency. When not consulting on content strategy or leading her team of outreach warriors, you can find her writing about style on her personal fashion blog, The Emerald Closet.
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