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Tamara23 Wrote:
Aug 06, 2014 8:02 PM
While Jesus was in Bethany in the home of Simon the Leper, 7a woman came to him with an alabaster jar of very expensive perfume, which she poured on his head as he was reclining at the table. When the disciples saw this, they were indignant. "Why this waste?" they asked. "This perfume could have been sold at a high price and the money given to the poor." Aware of this, Jesus said to them, "Why are you bothering this woman? She has done a beautiful thing to me. Matthew 26:6-10


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RCN Radio (Comunicado de prensa) (blog)
Estupor en Texas adhesivos en locales con la leyenda "Reservado a los blancos"
RCN Radio (Comunicado de prensa) (blog)
El alcalde de Austin, capital de Texas, condenó fuertemente la aparición de autoadhesivos con la leyenda "Reservado a los blancos" en escaparates de negocios de la ciudad, lo que hace recordar las sombrías horas de la segregación racial en el sur de ...
and more »
YANDEL DESDE VINA 2015 to Premiere This Weekend on NBC UNIVERSO
Broadway World
Yandel's new solo album "Legacy: De Lider a Leyenda Tour Deluxe Version" has earned him much acclaim, and his previous release "De Lider a Leyenda" debuted at #1 on the Billboard charts of Top Latin Album and among the top ten on the Top Rap ...
and more »
Carpa Ambulante abre con "Supermensch: La leyenda de Shep Gordon"
Rotativo de Querétaro
Mexico, 13 Mar (Notimex).- El cine y la música vuelven a converger en la Carpa Ambulante, que en su primer día de actividades abrió con la cinta Supermensch: La leyenda de Shep Gordon". Como cada año, la Carpa Ambulante se ha sumado a las ...
and more »
London Free Press
Going to be rollicking, musical ride
London Free Press
The line-up includes the hit Canadian play, 2 Pianos 4 Hands and actor/musician Bryce Kulak, who stars in the show, was on hand to perform Isaac Albéniz's Leyenda, followed by Billy Joel's Piano Man. The holiday special, usually the biggest draw of the ...
and more »
El Nuevo Herald
Muere la leyenda cubana del béisbol Orestes Miñoso
El Nuevo Herald
Se cumplen 69 años que este pelotero cubano llegó a Estados Unidos sin hablar inglés para romper barreras y con el tiempo convertirse en una leyenda. Sí, una leyenda, porque Miñoso fue el Jackie Robinson Latino y el primer jugador estrella negro en las ...
and more »
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subset: commoncrawl


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Latest Jobs
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Le Coeur d'Ameos All sport climbing10 routes in unknown
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New sector up metal ladder into the high scoop shaped cliff between Iannis and Poets


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Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Jane Curtin, Two (!) Stefons, and Melissa McCarthy's Flawless Matt Foley at SNL 40
One of the Stefons was Ed Norton.READ MORE »
One of the Stefons was Ed Norton.READ MORE »
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It always feels like it was the most recent one. Was it a Stefon year? Or something from the Church Lady or Spartan Cheerleader eras? Our exhaustive investigation examined 36 seasons and 7,798 sketches, and came up with a surprising answer.READ MORE »
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Medical Science •Definition •History •Branches •Ancient Medicine •Modern Medicine Definition • Medicine is the variety of practice to restore the health. It help to the prevention and treatment of people in all the world History In the prehistoric medicine were use many plants and parts of animals. Some of theme were used in rituals by shamans. Recently some scientist have discovered ancient medicine from: Egypt, Babylon, Chin, Greece, Rome and Ayurveda. Branches • People involved in the medicine need to work together: the nurses, the emergency medical technicians, the pharmacist, the paramedics, all like a team for save the health of the patients Microscope is a instrument to see small objects that a person cannot see. It helped and continue helping to the scientist for founding new cure to the illness. Ancient Medicine Some civilizations practice medicine. Ancient Egyptian had the knowledge about our anatomy. Also another type of medicine was introduce: Alternative Medicine In the past people believed that some gods can cure their illnesses. Through the ages there were discovered some drugs that now help you to cure some diseases. Penicillin was the first antibiotic used in medicine. Modern Medicine • In medice, old ideas were replaced by new ones. • Bacteria and microorganism were seen by first time with a microscope and there were discover many diseases and some treatments. Thanks to that, many people have been Also women began to saved. participate in this profession. In the actuality everybody can receive medical attention, and all hospitals have modern technical instrument that help them in their work. Conclusion Medicine helps each day to cure millions of people's diseases. I ask myself: What would happen without medicine????
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Heronswood Event
Embothrium(USDA 8 Sunset 5 WA)July 5, 2013
There's 3 speakers - including Dan Hinkley - and 12 vendors there tomorrow. One of the vendors that went to the last event, in May, thought it was great.
The new owners hired Hinkley to come back and work on the gardens.
hemnancy(z8 PNW)
Here is a blog with photos of Heronswood.
Here is a link that might be useful: Outlaw Gardener


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How Does Kaletra Work
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
My therapy (Kaletra & Combivir) is working very wellJust wanted to drop you a line saying that my therapy is working very well. I've been diagnosed hiv+ one year ago. I'm taking Kaletra and Combivir since five months. All side effects (which really weren't that serious - some weak diarrheas, a weak...
Response from Benjamin Young, M.D., Ph.D.
Rocky Mountain CARESThank you for your post-- know that your words are of tremendous value to the many readers who are afraid of side effects, affraid to start medications. Let us all know who you do every few months-- there will be lots of interest.Good luck for... Read more »
TAKE MEDS AT SAME TIMEShould Kaletra and combivir be taken at the same time? I wait four hours before taking my Combivir... Read more »
Mono-therapy with KaletraI have been reading about doctors putting patients on "mono-therapy" with Kaletra; that is, the... Read more »
Lopinavir + Ritonavir (Kaletra)...taken with a small amount of ritonavir, another protease inhibitor. See Fact Sheet 442 for more information on ritonavir. Kaletra® is a combination of lopinavir and ritonavir in the same tablet. In developing countries, Kaletra is sold as... Read more »
Medication Guide for Kaletra...adherence to directions for the use of a product are essential to its effectiveness. The text of the new Medication Guide for Kaletra follows. Medication Guide KALETRA ® (kuh-LEE-tra) (lopinavir/ritonavir) Tablets KALETRA ® ... Read more »
FAQs About Kaletra (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) From The Body's "Ask the Experts" Forums...another drug to Kaletra, or perhaps changing to a new drug? I've been taking only Kaletra for almost two years, and it's worked: My viral load is undetectable and my CD4 count is 550. I am managing my triglycerides and cholesterol with diet,... Read more »
Kaletra and Gemfibrozil (Lopid): A Match Not Made in Lipid Heaven... The 15 people took a single dose of gemfibrozil. For the next two weeks, the 15 people took a regular twice-daily dose of Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) When the two weeks were up, the 15 people took another dose of gemfibrozil. In all 15... Read more »
Connect With Others
Combivir & Kaletra
Posted by movingon...effects, some dont. My intention here is to reach out to anyone who has tried or is currenlty trying the regimen of Combivir & Kaletra - how does it work for you ? I know combivir contains the dreaded AZT, but i have read accounts of people... Read more »
Need To VENT...
Posted by sweetpea9919, 1 Reply...I was put back on them yesterday. The treatment I was on years ago wasn't an option, as I am resistant to those meds. I'm on KALETRA and TRUVADA. It's only been 12 hours and I'm already not happy. Is anyone out there on the same treatment? I've... Read more »
Posted by exitrow, 4 RepliesI recently started taking Sustiva and Truvada after my numbers dropped significantly in October. I was very hesistant and wasn't prepared to enter the next stage, a major step, in this disease. I was fortunate not to encounter many of the horrific... Read more »
In Pain, please help
Posted by Anonymous, 3 Replies...thing. Well I was scared, and I cried. And cried. I went to the E.R. and got on PEP. For 4 weeks I was on two drugs, Combuvir and Kaletra. I don't know if they worked or not. Three days after I went for a PCR test (spent $400 but now I'm told... Read more »
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text: POPSUGAR Tech Shopping Vintage Mod: Mini Boom Box iPod Speakers by Tech 10/19/09 7 Shares Like us on Facebook Urban Outfitters has been putting out some pretty cool retro-meets-modern gadgets lately, from a USB-powered turntable to calculator watches. The latest affordable addition: the Mini Boom Box Speaker. At only $16, the price is definitely right — and while these build-them-yourself speakers probably aren't sturdy enough for the long haul, they're a cute and compact option for portable speakers. Read More RetroSpeakersUrban OutfittersShopping Urban Outfitters 27 Stylish Ways to Wear Your Zodiac Sign on Your Sleeve 22 Reasons to Spring For a Denim Dress Your Festival Season Starts and Ends With These Essentials The Perfect Lingerie For Your Zodiac Sign Get inspired with our daily newsletter Enjoy gorgeous decor ideas, fast and easy recipes, and more in your inbox. DIY Home Food Love & Sex Vegetarian Tech Sign up with Link Love Get a diagnosis from a doctor without leaving your bed — Not Impossible Now Coachella And Lollapalooza ban selfie sticks from their music festivals — Newser 14 passive-aggressive notifications from your iPhone — HuffPost Tech Doctors and surgeons are making Google Glass work — BuzzFeed Tech Turn your smartphone into an instant camera — PureWow You can now have Amazon do your chores for you — POPSUGAR Smart Living


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The insistence oJ the letter in the . unconsczous Of Childrell i,l S'¡v(uJdli,lg (;Iot/¡e.\ O citíc.:s or thc.: sc.:a, I bchold it¡ you yollr citízc.:ns, womc.:n as wc.:ll as mcn tíghtly bollnd with stout bonds around their arms and legs by folk who will havc no lindcrstanding of our spcech; and you will only be able to givc.: vcnt to yollr gric.:ls and scnsc of loss of libcrty by making tcarflll complaiJ}(s, and sighs, and lamcntatíons one to another; for those who bind you will not have understaJ}ding of your specch nor will you understand thcm. ---~~nardo.~ yinci Lacan 77Ie insistence ofthe letter in the unconscious If the nature of this contribution has been set by the theme of this volume of La Psychana/yse, I yet owe to what will be found in it to insert it at a point some- where between the written and spoken word-it will be halfway between the two. A written piece is in fact distinguished by a prevalence of the 'text' in the sense which that factor of speech will be scen to take on in this essay, a factor which makes possible the kind of tightening up that I likc in order to leave the reader no other way out than thc way in, which I prcfcr to bc difficult. In that sense, then, this will not be a written work. The priority I accord to the nourishing of my scminars each time with some- thing new has until now prcvcl1tcd my drawing 011 such a tcxt, with onc excep- tion, not outstanding in thc contcxt of thc scrics. 311d I rctcr to it at all only for the gencral levcl of its argument. For thc urgency which J now takc as a prctcxt fi)r leaving aside such an aim only masks thc Jifhclllty I\¡al, il1 Iryil1~ I() mail1tail1 this Jiscoursc on thc lcvcl at which J ought il1 t\¡csc \\'ritil1~s t(1 prcscl11 my tcachil1~, I mi~ht push it t()O far from thc spokcn w()rJ which, with its OWI1 mcasllrcs, Jitlcrs from writil1g anJ is essential to the instructive effect I am seeking. That is why I have taken the expedient offered me by the invitation to lecture to the philosophy group of the union of humanities studentsl to produce an adaptation suitable to my talk; its necessary generality having to accommodate itself to the exceptional character of the audience, but its sole object encoun- tering the collusion of their common preparation, a literary one, to which my title pays homage. How ~hould we forget in cffect that until thc end of his life Freud constantly maintained that such a preparation was the hrst requisite in the formation of analysts, and that he designated the eternal unive7)'itas litterarnm [universe of letters] as the ideal place for its institution?2 And thus my recourse to the movement of this speech, feverishly restored, by showing whom I meant it for, marks even more clearly those for whom it is not meant. I mean that it is not meant for those who for any reason, psychoanalytic or other, allow their discipline to parade under a false identity; a fault of habit, but its etTect on the mind is such that the true identity may appear as simply one alibi among others, a sort of rehned reduplication whose implications will not be missed by the most acute. So one observes the curious phenomenon of a whole new tack concerning languagt and symbolization in the lnlernali()nal J()urnal ()f P~vch()ana(vsis, buttresscd by many sticky fil1gcrs in the pages of Sapir and Jespersenil- amateurish cxercise so far, but it is cven more thc tOI1C which is lacking. A certain seriousness is cause for amusement trom thc standpoint of veracity. And how could a psychoanalyst of today not realize that his realm of truth is in fact the word, whcn his wholc cx"pericncc must hnd in the word alone its instrument, its framework, its matcrial, and even thc static of its uncertainties. " I The Meanlng ~r the !.etter As QlIr titl~ SllggCStS, beyolld what w~ call .the word,' what th~ psychoallalytic e>.periellce discovers ill tl1e ullcollsciolls is the whole structurc of language. Thus from thc outset we have altercd intormcd minds to thc cxtent to which the notion that thc ullcollscious is merely thc seat of the instillcts will have to be rcthought. But this .Ictter,' how are we to take it here? How indeed but literally. By 'Ietter' we designate that material support which concrete speech borrows from language. This simple definition assumes that language not be confused with the diverse psychic alld somatic tllllctiol1s which scrv~ it in lhe individual spcaker. For lhe primary r~a~oJI th.lllallg.uJgl: allJ ilS strllctur~ exist prjor to th~ momcnt al which t.ach inJivjJuJI al a ct'rtaill poil11 ÍI1 hi~ mclltal Jevcl()pmcnt makes his cntry illlo il. 1.1:1 lIS I¡()tl., Ihl:ll, tllal ¡,phJ~ia, ¡lllh()ll¡.\'11 Cl'IISl.J hy purt.ly a(1¡'lomical Icsiol1s ill lhl: cl:rl:hrJI JpparJlll~ whit.h slIpplil:s lht. ml:lllal t.1:11ll.:r I(Jr Ihl.:sl.: lil1guistic fllllctions, pr()Juces IJngllagc dl:fil:j~ncies which Jivide nJturally b~tw~l:n thc two poles of thc signifying effect of what wc call here 'the lettcr' in the crcation of m~aning.3 A point which wjll bc clarified later. 'l'he spcaking subj~cl, if h~ s~ems to b~ thllS a ~1,lV~ of language, is all the m()re so of a djscoursc il1 the ul1iv~rsJI momel1t of which he finds himself at birth, even if only by dint of his proper name. Reference to the 'experience of the community' as the substance of this discourse settles nothing. For this cxpcricncc has as jts esscntial dimension the tradjtioll which Ihc Jiscollrsc its~lr f'ollIlJS. 'l.his traditiol1, 1()l1g bcf()rc the drama or history gcts writtcn ÍI1to it, crl.:atcs thc ~lcmcl1tary structures of culture. And thcsc strllctllrcs revcal an orJcring of possible t..xchanges which, even uncon- SCiOll~, is iI1COl1t.~ivablc Ollt~iJc tht.. p~rmlltatiol1~ allthorizcJ by lallgllag~. Wilh thc r(;~llll that Ihl. (;thl1ugT¡'phic Jllality ur l1aturl.: anJ Cl¡ltllrl: i~ giving way lo a t~mary col1c(;ptiol1 or thc hllmal) COl1ditioll: natl¡rC, soci~ty, and cllltur~, t11e la~t t~m1 or which could wcll b~ cquat~J to lal1gl¡ag~, or that which ~ssentially distjnguishcs human society Irom natural socjctjcs. 13ul we shall not make of thjs distinction eithcr a point or a point of departure, leJvil1g to its own obscllrity the qucstion or thc ()riginal relation bctween work and the significr. We shall bc content, for our little jab at the general function of pra.ris in th~ g~nesis of history, to point Olll thal Ihc very socicty which wished lo.r~~tore, Jlong wilh (h(; privilcgcs of thl: producl:r, the t.ausal hil:rarchy of thc rclations bctwcel1 proJllction and thc idcological superstructure to their full political rights, has n()nc thc less failed to give birth to al1 csperanto in which the rclations of lanb'llagc to socialist rcalities would have rendered any literary lormalism radically impo~siblc..¡ As for l¡S, wc shall havc 1¡1ith only ill those assumptions which have already proven thcir vallle by virtlle of the lal:t th.lt langtlage through them has attained the status of al1 object of scientific investigation. I;'or it i~ by djllt of thjs t¡ICI that Ijnglljstic~5 is sl'l'n lo occupy thc kcy position ill thjs Jomaill, alld thl' rl:clas~iht.atjol1 of sci~nccs alld f~g~ing of~(;g¡. around it points up, as is the rule, a revolution in knowledge; only the necessities of communication made us call this volume and this grouping thc 'human sciences' given the confusion that this term can be madc to hide. To pinpoint the emergcnce of linguistic science we may say that, as in the casc of all sciences in the modern sense, it is contained in the constitutive moment of a formula which is its foundatjon. This formula is the followjng: Ss which is read as: the signifier over the signified, 'over' corresponding to the line separating thc two Icvcls. This sign shoulJ hc attrihutcJ t<) l;crJinanJ Jc Saussurc although it is not founJ in cxactly this f()ml in any of thc numcr()us schcmas which nonc thc Icss cxprcss it in thc printcJ vcrsion ()f his Iccturcs ()f thc ycars I ()()6-07 , I <)OH-O(), anJ 1910-11 , which Ihc picty (,f a 1{f()IIP (,f his tlisciplcs callsctl t<) hc puhlishcJ unJcr thc lillc, (;(I/'rs d1. /i,IKI,i.~/i(fl'l' ,!,'¡.'I¡.r(//l', a w()rk 1)1 primc imp()rtancc fi)r thc transmission of a tcaching worthy of thc namc, thal is, that one can comc to terms with only in its own terms. That is why it is legitimatc for us to givc him creJit for the formulation S/s by which, in spite of thc diftcrcnccs among schools, the bcginning of modem linguistics can be rccognizcd. The thematics of this science is henceforth suspended, in effect, at the primordial placement of the signifier and the signified as being distinct orders separated initially by a harrier resisting signification. And that is what was to makc possible an exact stuJy of thc relations proper to the signifier, anJ of thc breadth of their function in thc birth of thc signifieJ. For this primordial distinction goes way beyonJ the Jebates on the arbitrari- ness of thc sign which havc bccn clahoratcJ sincc thc earliest rcflcctions of the ancicnts, and cven bcyonJ thc impassc which, through thc samc period, has been encountercd in cvery discussion of lhe hi-univocal corrcsponJcncc betwecn the word and the thing, cven in thc merc act of naming. All this, of course, is quite contrary to the appcaranccs suggcsted by thc importance otten imputed to the role ot- the index finger pointing to an object in the lcaming process of thc infant subject Icaming his mother tongue, or the use in foreign language teaching of methods sometimes called 'concrete.' One cannot and necJ not go furthcr along this linc of thought than to dcmonstratc that no mcaning is sustaincJ hy anything (,thcr than rcfcrcncc to another meaning;6 in its cxtrcmc form this is tantamounl to thc proposition that there is no language in cxistence for which there is any qucstion of its inability to cover thc whole ficld of thc significd, it being an effcct of its existence as a language that it necessarily answer all needs. ShoulJ we try to grasp in the realm of language the constitution of the objcct, how can we help but notice that the object is to be found only at the level of concept, a very different thing from a simple nominative, and that the thing, to takc it at its word reduces to two Jivcrg('nt factors: thc causc in which it has takcn shcltcr in thc Frcnch word chose, and the nothing (rien) to which it has abandoncd its l~atin Jrcss (rem). Lacan The insistence ofthe letter in the unconscious ~ 77Ie insislence oflhe leller in Ihe unconscious These considerations, however stimulating they may seem to philosophers, turn liS asiJe trom tht' art'a in which language 4ucstiol1s us 011 its very nature. And unl: will tail evcl1 to kcl:p thc qucstiol1 il1 vicw as lol1g as one has l1ot got rid uf the illusiol1 that thc signitier al1swcrs to the tul1ction of represcntil1g the signitit:d, or better, that the signitier has to al1swer for its cxistence in the name of any signification whatever. For even reduceJ to this latter fonnulation, the heresy is the same, the heresy that leads logical positivismb il1 search of the 'meaning of meaning' as its object is called in the lal1guage its disciples like to wallow in. Whence we can observe that evel1 a text charged with meaning reduces itselt~ through this sort of analysis, to meal1il1glcss bag.atelll.s) all that sur'vivcs being mathematical formulas which are, of course, meanil1gless.7 To r(;tum to our tormllla S/s: if we could inter nothing from it beyond the l1otiOI1 of thc parallclism of its lippcr aI1d lowcr terms, l.ach OI1C takcn in its glo- bality) it would remaiI1 ol1ly the cnigmatic sign of a total mystery. Which of course is not the casl'. In ()rdcr () ~rasp its filnl'(ioll I .'ih:lll bt:1:!;in by rl:prodllcing thc ci:I~sil'al, yet 1;llilly illll~(r¡llioll I)y wllich il~ u~a1:!;l: i~ Ilorm¡llly prc~cnlcJ. 11 is: and onc can sce ;llready h()w i( ~cem~ (O favor (hc sor( of crroneous in(crpretation just menrioncd. I replaced thj~ jn my lecture wi(h another, which ha~ no greater clajm to corrcc(l1css (hal1 tha( i( ha~ bcen tr;ll1~plalltcd jnto Ihat incongruous djmcnsion which (hc psy<:ho;lnalys( has no( yct al(()gc(hcr rel1()unccd because of his qujte jlls(jficd f"cclil1g (ha( hjs col1f'onnj~m (akcs j(s valuc cntircly trom it. Hcrc js the o(her diagram: Ladies where wc scc that, without grcatly extending the scope of thc signifier concemed in the t:xperimt:nt, that is, by doubling a noun through the mere juxtaposition ; L.ob.jt;óll p()!iitivi!im W¡I~ ói ,t;hool ()f philu~uphy IJ¡¡II uriginólll:J in Virunól in tllC 1920~. II had ¡11¡illitic:; wilh Ihl: Ir¡IJiliun uf I¡rili~h cmpirit;i:;1 pJ¡ilu~uphy ólnd fuul1J a ~ympóllhclit; ret;cpliun in I~~glóln:t, c~pct;!;~lly Ihr.uugh Ihc ;¡,Ivu~¡¡t;y uf i\. J. i\ycr. L;¡t;an :;cc~:~ IU ~c using thc I:r~ 10 rcfcr :'rlm;lnlv!(lnrlll"hllhll(I"Onhv(,,(.(.hl"I1()I(.7) .,,'r .-'-.- Lacan 77Ie insistence ofthe letter in the unconscious of two terrns whose complementary meanings ought apparently to reinforce each other, a surprise is produced by an une).."pected precipitation of meaning: the image of twin doors symbolizing, through the solitary confinement offered Westem Man for the satisfaction of his natural needs away from home, the imperative that he seems to share with the great majority of primitive communities which submits his public life to the laws of urinary segregation. It is not only with the idea of silencing the nominalist debate{ with a low blow that I use this example, but rather to show how in fact the signifier intrudes into the signified, namely in a form which, not being immaterial, raises the very ques- tion of its place in reality. For the blinking gaze of a near- sighted person would be quite justified in doubting whether this was indeed the signifier as he peered closely at the little enamel signs which bore it, a signifier of which the signified received its final honors from the double and solemn procession from the upper nave. But no contrived example can equal the sharpness of the encounter with a lived truth. And so I am happy to have invented the above since it awoke in the person whose word l m()st trllst this mcmory of childhood which having thus happily c()mc t() my kll()wlcJ",c c(}liIJ wcll hc illscrtcJ hcrc. A traill arrives at a station. A littlc boy and a Jittlc girl, br()thcr and sistcr, arc seated in a compartment face to face next to the window through which the build- ings along the station platforrn can be seen passing as the train puIls to a stop. 'Look,' says the brother, 'we're at Ladies!' 'Idiot,' replies his sister, 'can't you see we're at Gentlemen.' Besides the fact that the rails in this story offer a material counterpart to the line in the Saussurian forrnula (and in a forrn designed to suggest that its resist- ance may be other than dialectical), we should add that only someone who didn't have his eyes in front of the holes (it's the appropriate image here) could possibly confuse the place of the signifier and the sibTJ1ified in this story, or not see from what shining center the signifier goes forth to ref1ect its light into the shadow of incomplete meanings. ror this signifier will now carry a purely animal Dissen- sion, meant for the lislial oblivion of natllral mists. to thc linbridlcd power of ideol()gical Warfare, relentlcss fi}r familics, a tormcl1t t() thc (Jods. I,adics and Gentlemen wiIl be hcnceforth for these children two countries towards which each of their souls wiIl strive on divergent wings, and between which a cessation of hostilities wiIl be the more impossible since they are in truth the same country and neither can compromise on its own superiority without detracting from the glory of the other. But enough. It begins to sound like the history of France. Which it is more human, as it ought to be, to evoke here than that of England, destined to tumble from the Large to the SmaIl End of Dean Swift's eggd. , Thc philosophical dcbatc about whethcr thc abstract univcrsals which enablc us to group discrctc phenomcna into catcg()ries arc rcal or arbitrary. J In tho: I.illiput sccti()n ()f C;u"iv(r.s lrav(15, Switi satiriscd d()ctrinal disagro:cmcn! bctwccn Cath- olics and Protcstants by rcprcscnling il as a dispulc a"()()1 al which cnd a "()ilcd cltg sh()lild "c {)pcncd. '.. "NO me: The insistence ofthe /etter in the unconscious It remains to be conceived what steps, what corridor, the S of the signifier, visibll. hrrr i/l the plurals i)1 which it t()CUSCS jts welcomc bcyond thc window, 111USt lakc íl1 ordl.r lo rcsl its clboWS 011 thr vel1tilators through which, likc warm a/ld c01d air, SCorl1 al1d il1Jild:l1atiol1 ¡.;0II1C hissil1f:(' oul bcluw. OII~ thil1f\' is l.crlail1: il thc 1()r111l1la S/", Wilh its lil1e is appropriatc, acccss trom 011l. 10 thl; 0lhl:r C.111110t il1 al1y (:as~ 11av~ a 111cal1il1g. );.or th~ 1()r111ula, il1S0tar as il ís ílsclI ()l1ly purl: tlll1Ctiol1 o[ lhl. :)igl1ili~r, ca)) rcveal ol1ly lhl: :)lruclure of a sigl1itier il1 the lral1sfer. NoW the structure of the signitier is, as it is Commol1ly said of language itself, that it be articu1ated. This meal1s that no matter where 011e starts trom in order to describc the zones o[ reciproca1 il1ti.il1gemel1t al1d the area:) of r.\1)andil1g in¡.;¡usivencss 01 ils ul1its, these ul1its are submitled to the double COl1diliol1 0[ rl:du(:ing to ultimate distinc- tive teatures al1d of combinil1g according to the laws of a closed order. These ul1its, ol1e of the decisive discoveries of linguistics, are phonemes; but we must 110t e~'Pect to t¡nd al1y phoneti( cOl1stal1cy il1 the modulatory variability l() which this ter111 appli~s, but rath~r th~ syl1chroni(: syst~m of distinguishing COI1I1l:CtioI1S I1cce:):)ary fur lhe discemmt:l1t of soul1ds il1 a given lal1guage. 1.hrough this, 011e sees that an essel1tial clement of the word itself was predes- til1ed to slidc doWI1 il1to the mobile charactt:rs whjch-in a scurry of 10wer-case J)idots or (;ar¡lmol1d.,,-rrndcr validly prest:l1t what wc call the 'Iettcr,' namely lh~ ~s,"~l1tially 1()Clllii',l:(1 slrul.lllre (1[ lh~ sigl1itier, Willl thr src()lld prop~r(y 01' thl: ,~igl1ij¡l:r. that o[ combil1il1g accordil1g to the laws 01' a closed urdcr, is alhrmt:d tht: l1t:cessity of the top010gical substratum of which the tt:rm 1 ordinari1y usr, l1amely, the signifyil1g chain, gives an approximate idea: rings of a l1ecklace lhal is a ring il1 an()ther l1eckla(:e made of rings. Such are the conditiol1s of slructure which del¡l1t: grammar as the order of constitutive il1fril1gements of the signifier up lo the level of the unit immediately superior to the sentel1ce, and lexicology as the order of constitutive inclusions of the signitier to the level of the verbal locution. 111 t:xamil1il1g the limils by which these tWO exercis~s il1 lhc undcrstal1ding of lil1guístic usage are delermil1eJ, it is casy to sce lhal 0111y the correlations bctwecl1 sif\'l1illcr al1d si¡1;l1ilicr suprly thc standard I()r all rcscarch il1to mcaning, as is illdic¡ltcJ il1 1¡lct by lhc vcry 110tio11 o[ 'usagc' 01 a taxcmc or st:manteme which il1 t¡ll.l rt:ler:) lo thc COl1lc\l just abovr thal of thc ul1its col1cerncd. But il is not becausc the ul1dertakil1gs of grammar and lexico)ogy are cxhausted within certail1 limits that we must thil1k that beyond those limits meal1il1g reigns supreme. That would be al1 error. l;'or the sibr¡lit¡cr, by íts vcry l1aturc, ;llways al1ticipall\" 011 meal1il1g by ul1tolding i(s Jimcl1siol1 bcl()1"c il. I\s is secl1 ,Il thc lcvcl of lhc scnlcl1ce whcl1 il is il1ter- rupted bctorc thc signif¡cal1l lcrm: .I shall I1cvcr ...,' , AII thc samc it is ...,' .Al1d yct thcrc may be. ..' Slich scl1tcnces arc 110t withoul mcul1il1g, a mcaning all lhc morc opprcssivl' il1 that it is COl1lCI1( to makc liS wail for it,1! Uut the phCl10mCl1011 is 110 dil1crcl1t which by thl' mcrc rccoil of a .but' brings to the light, ~omcly as thc Shulamite, honest as the Q~\~t .~e l1e~-~.?omed for the wed\jmg al1d the p00r woman rl.ady for the auctIOI1-bloCk. -. Lacan The insistence ofthe letter in the unconscious From which we can say that it is in the chain of the signifier that the meaning 'insists' hut that none of its elcmcnts 'consists' in the mcaning of which it is at the moment capahlc. Wc arc forccd, thcn, to acccpt thc l1oti(m ()f al1 il1ccssal1t sliding of thc significd undcr thc signiticr- which I'.. dc SallSSllrl: illllstratcs with an imagc rescmhling thc wavy lincs of thl: lippl:r and lI)wl:r Waters in mil1iaturcs from manuscripts of (il:n<:sis; a douhl<: flow in which th<: guid<:lin<:s of tin<: strcaks of rain, vertical dotted lincs supposedly confining segmcnts of correspondence, seem too slight. All our experience runs counter to this linearity, which made me speak once, in one of my seminars on psychosis, of something more like spaced upholstery buttons as a schema for taking into account the dominance of the letter in the dramatic transformation which the dialogue can bring about in a subject.l() The linearity which F. de Saussure holds to be constitutive of the chain of discourse, in conformity with its emission by a single voice and with its horizontal position in our writing-if this linearity is necessary in fact, it is not sufficient. It applies to thc chain of discours<: only in thc dircction il1 which it is oriented in time, being taken as a signifying factor in all languag<:s in which 'Pcter hits Paul' reverses its time when the terms are invertcd. But one has only to listen to poetry, which perhaps Saussure was not in the habit of doing, to hcar a true polyphony emerge, to know in fact that all discourse aligns itsclf along th<: s<:v<:ral stav<:s ()f a sc()r<:. Th<:r<: js in <:Occt Jl() sjgl1ifyjl1g chail1 which d()<:s Jl()t hav<: attachcd to thc punctuation of cach of its units a wholc articulation of rclcvant contcxt suspended 'vertically' from that point. Let us take our word 'tree' again, this time not as an isolated noun, but at the point of one of thesc punctuations, and see how it crosses the line of the Saussurian formula. For even broken down into the double spectre of its vowels and consonants, it can still call up with the robur and the plane tree the meanings it takes on, in the contcxt of our flora, of str<:ngth al1d majcsty. I)rawing on all thc symholic contexts suggcstcd in thc 11<:hr<:w of th<: Hihl<:, it crccts on a harrcn hill the shadow of the cross. .rhcn rcduces to thc capital Y, thc sign of dichotomy whjch, cxccpt for thc illustratjon uscd hy hcraldry, would ow<: nothing to thc trcc however genealogical we may think it. Cjrculatory tree, trce of life of the cerc- bellum, tree of Saturn, tree of Diana, crystals formed in a tree struck by lightning, is it your figure which traces our destiny for us in the tortoise-shell cracked by the fire, or your lightning which causes that slow shift in the axis of being to surge up from an unnamahlc night into the 'Ev Jt{'(VTCt [onc in alll of language': No! says th<: .l'r<:c, it says No! in th<: sh()w<:r of sparks Of its sup<:rh hcad lincs which rcqujrc thc harmonics of thc trcc just as mllch as thcir continuation: Which thc storm treats as univcrsally As it does a bladc of grass.ll Lacan 77Ie insistence ofthe /etter in the unconscious For this 1l10dC!11 vcrsc is ordcrcd accordil1g to the sall1c law of thc parallelism of thl' Sig¡lilier which lll.ate~ lh<: harll1()ny gov<:rnil1g th<: primitiv<: Slavic cpic or lhc most rclil1ed ChiJICSC poctry. As is secn in the fact tllat the tree and the blade of grass are chosen from the same ll1ode of the existent in order for the signs of contradiction-saying 'No!' and 'trcat as'-to affect them, and also so as to bring about, through the categ- orical contrast of the particularity of 'superb' with thc 'universally' which reduces it, in the condensarion of the 'head' and thc 'storm,' the indiscernible shower of sparks of the eternal instant. But this whole signifier can only operate, someone may object, if it is present in the subject. It is this objection that I answer by supposing that it has passed over to the level of the signified. For ~.hat is important is 110t that the subject kl1ow anythil1g whatsoever. (If I.ADIES al1d GENTI~EM]~N wcre writtCI1 il1 a lal1guage unkl1own to the litt1c boy and girl, their quarrel would simply be the more cxclusively a quarrel over words, but none the less ready to take on meaning.) Onc thil1g this structllre of the ~ignifyil1g chail1 ll1akes evidel1t is the possibility l havc, prcciscly insot¡¡r as J hay<: this lal1gllagc in coll1ll1on with othcr ~libjccts, rhar is illS()f¡lr "s i( l.xi.-;ts "s" lal1J:{llaJ:{<:. lo li.-;l! it i,¡ ()rdcr lo say soll1<:(hiJjg quitl! ()thcr I!¡all wl¡at it SilyS. .I.his Il,llcIjOJj ()r Ih<: worJ is 1l10rl! worth rojJjtil1g Ollt than thill or 'disgllisillg thc thollght' (ll1ore ofteJj !hal1 Jjot il1dctil1ablc) of the subjcct; it is 110 less thal1 the ful1ctiol1 of indicating the place of the subject in the search for the truth. I haye ol11y to plant my tree in a locurion: climb the tree, indeed illuminate it by playing 011 it the light of a descriptive col1text; plant it firm so as not to let ll1yself be trappcd il1 SOIl1C sort ot' (vmmuniqué, however official, and if I know thl! trllth, ll.t i( bl! hcarJ, in .-;rill! or il11 thl;: bctW<:l!I1-lhl!- liJjcs CCI1Slirl!S, by the o/1ly siJ:{/1itil!r 1 k/1oW how to l.r<:at<: with ll1y acrobatic!i amol1g thl;: bral1ches of tlll! trl!C. ta/1taliziJjg to thc roiJjt or bllrl(,'squ<:, or !icl1sibl(,' 0111y to tlle cxpcriel1ced (,'y(,', accorJiJjg to whcth('r J wish to I>c hcard by the rl1ob or thc few. 'jnl! prorcrly sig11ityiJj¡(' IliJjl.tioJj !llliS d(,'scribed il1 lal1guagc has a l1all1e. Wc I<:arn<:d this l1all1<: i/1 ~oll1e l.(rammar of ollr chilJhood, on rh<: last pag<:, where the shadc to QliintiliaJj", relegatcd to a phal1tom chaptcr of 'ultimate consider- ations on style,' seemcd in a hurry to get his word il1 as though threatened with the hook. Jt is amol1g the ligurcs of style, or tropes, that w<: lil1d thc word: the name is me~on:y7I~Y. We shall recall only the exall1ple given th(,'re: thirty sails. For thc al1xiety we tclr OYCr th<: I;¡ct that thc word 'boat' llirkil1g il1 thc background was ol1ly part or thc crali cll1ploy<:d i/1 this (,'xample diJ lc~s to Ycil these illustrious sails than did the delinition they were suppo~cd to iJlustrate. ( Rom¡ln rhclorician, author of lIIstitIltilJllt's Or¡¡tIJriat', in which al! thc figurcs uf specch are defined an¡J classijicd. -. =, Lacan 1ñe insistence ofthe letter in the unconscious The part taken for the wholef we said to ourselves, and if we take it seriously, we arc left with vcry littlc idca of thc importancc of this flcct, which 'thirty sails' is precisely supposed to give us: f()r cach boat to have just one sail is in fact the least likely possibility . By which we see that the connection between boat and sail is nowhere but in the signifier, and that it is in the word-to-word connection that metonymy is based.t2 We shall designate as metonymy, then, the one slope of the effective field of the signifier in the constitution of meaning. Let us name the other: it is metaphor. Let us find again an il1ustration; Quil1et's dictionary seemed an appropriate place to find a sample which would not seem to be chosen for my own purposes, and for an appropriate dressing I didn 't have to go any further than the wel1 known line of Victor Hugo: His sheaves were not miserly nor spitefulJ.1 under which aspect I presented metaphor to my seminar on psychosis. Let us admit that modern poetry and especial1y the surrealist school have taken us quite far in this domain by showing that any conjunction of two signifiers wollld hc c4l1ally sllf1icicnt to constitlltc a mctaphor, cxccpt f()r thc additional rc4uircmcnt ()f thc j!;rcatcst p()ssihlc Jisparily ()f thc imaj!;cs sij!;niticJ, nccdcd for the production of thc poetic spark, or in othcr worJs fi)r thcrc to hc mctaphoric creation. It is true this radical position is based on the experiment known as automatic writing which would not have been tried if its pioneers had not been reassured by the Freudian discovery. But it remains a position branded \llith confusion because the doctrine behind it is false. The creative spark of the metaphor does not spring from the conjunction of two images, that is of two signiticrs cqllally actualizcd. It springs from two signifiers one of which has taken the place of thc other in the signifying chain, the hidden signifier then remaining present through its (metonymic) relation to the rest of the chain. One word for anothcr: that is thc formllla for thc mctaphor and if yoll are a poet you \llil1 produce for your own delight a continllous strcam, a dazzling tissue of metaphors. If the result is the sort of intoxication of the dialogue that Jean TardieuX wrote under this title, that is only because he was giving us a demon- stration of the radical superfluousness of al1 meaning to a perfectly convincing representation of a bourgeois comedy. It is manifest that in the line of Hugo cited above, not the slightest spark of light springs from thc proposition that his shcavcs wcrc ncithcr miscrly nor spiteful, for the rcason that thcrc is no qucstion of the sheavcs having cither fStricdy speak.ing, .the part taken for the whole' is the figure of synecdoche, but Roman Jakobson, on whom Lacan is drawing in this passage, treats synecdoche as a sub-category of metonymy. (See p. 57, n. a, above.) ..Jcan Tardicu (b. 1903) is an expcrimcntal I;'rcnch poct and dramatist. ~ The insistence o! the teuer in the unconscious the merit or demerit of these attributes, since the attributes, as the sheaves, bclong to Booz who excrciscs the former in disposing of the latter and without informing the latter of his sentiments in the case: If, however, his sheaves do refer us to Booz, and this is indeed the case, it is because they have rcplaced him in the Sigtlifying chain at the very spot where hc was to be exalted by the sweeping away of greed and spite. But now Booz himsclt' has b~en swcpt away by thc ~heavcs) and hllrled into thc outcr darkness whcre !!,Teed and ~ritc harb()r him il1 the h()llow ot' their l1egatj()n. nllt ()l1ce hi.\ shcavcs h~¡vc thlls lIslIrped his pla(,'c, Hooz can no longcr return therc; [hc slcfiJcr thread ()t' thc little w()rd his whi(,'h binds him t() it j~ ol1ly one m()re ()o~ta(,'ll. I() I¡is rctllrl1 il1 that it lil1ks him to the l¡otiol1 ()f p()sses~i()l1 which rl.tains him il) Ihl. vcry i'.01¡C ()t' grl:l:d al1J ~pitl:. S() h;.\ gl:nl:r()sjty, aUirmed in Ihl. pa.'iSagc, is ycl rcdll<.:ed t() le~~ than I)()thing by Ihe mul)ificen<.:e ot' thc ~heaves which, coming fl.()m I)alur<.:, kn()w l1()t ()ur <.:aution or ()ur <.:asting out, and even il1 Ihcir a<.:cllmlllation rcmain prodigal by our standard~. HlII it' in this pr(jfllsiol), thc giver has disappeared along with his gift, it is only il1 order t() ri~e again il1 what .'illrr()lIl)ds this figur<.: oy which he was annihilated. V()r il is (ht tig.lIrc ot' Ihc bllr!!,col¡il¡g ol.I'to:Clll¡di()'. ,¡I)d this ít i~ which al)nounces thc surprisc whi<.:h thc roem sings, I)amely thl: pr()mise whi<.:h thc old man will re<.:civc in a sacred context of his accession to patcrnity. So, it is between the signifier in the form of the proper name of a man, and the signifier which metaphorically abolishes him that the poetic spark is produced, ~lnd it is in this casc all thc morc cftcctive in rcalizing the meaning of paternity il1 that i( rerrodllces (hc mythi<.: l:vent in terms of whi<.:h l;'rcud rcconstructcd the progrl:S~, in thc individual un<.:on~ciolls, of thc mystcry of thc fathl:r . ¡~Iodcrn mctaphor has thc samc structure. So this cjaculation: l,ovc is a pcoblc lallghil)g in thc sunJight, rccrcatc~ lovc il1 a dimcnsion that scems t() ml: most tcnablc in thc facc of its imminent lapsc into thc miragc of nar<.:issistic altruism. We sce, then, that mctaphor o<.:curs at the precise point at which sense comes Ollt of non-scnsc, that i~, at that fl.ol1ticr which) as Freud discovercd, when <.:rossed thc othcr way produ<.:c~ what wc gcncrally call 'wit' (Witz); it is at this fi.onticr that wc can glimp~c thc f¡lCt that man tcmpts hi~ vcry dcstiny whcn he dcridc~ thc signif¡cr. 13ut to draw ba¡;k from that rl¡I¡;C, wha( do wc f¡l)d in mctol1ymy othcr than the powcr to bypas~ the ()b~ta<.:lcs ()t' s()<.:ial <..cnsurc? ' l.hi~ form which Icnd~ itself to thc truth lIndcr opprc~~ion, doesn 't it show the vcry servitude inherent in its presentation? Onc may rcad with profit a bo()k by l.c() Strallss, of thc land which traditionally ottcrs .¡~ylum t() thosc wh() ¡;hosc fi.ccdom, in whi<..h thc author givl:~ hi~ rcflec- tions on thc rclati()n bct\vccn the art of writing and perse¡;ution.14 By pushing to it~ limits thc ~()rt of l.()nnatllrality whi¡;h lil)k~ tJ¡at art to that condition, he Il:ts llS glil11psl: a <.:I:rtail) soml:lJ¡il1g wJ¡i<.:J¡ il¡ ll¡is nlat(cr imposl:s its form, in thc cltect of thl: trllth on dcsirc. 'f~ , ,.~ .~..-,.: Ullt haVCJ1't \Vl' fclt t()r s()mc timc no\V that, havíng follo\Vcd lhc path of the , ,.- -., Lacan The insistence ofthe letter in the unconscious letter in search of the truth we call Freudian, we are getting very warm indeed, that it is buming all about us? Of course, as it is said, the letter killeth while the spirit giveth life. We can't help but agree, having had to pay homage elsewhere to a noble victim of the error of seeking the spirit in the letter; but we should like to know, also, how the spirit could live without the letter. Even so, the claims of the spirit would remain unassailable if the letter had not in fact shown us that it can produce all the effects of truth in mal1 without inv()lving thc spirit at a11. It is none othcr than i,'rcuJ who haJ this rcvclatiol1, and hc called his discovcry thc Unconsciolls. II l'he I,eller i,1 llre lJ1/(()11.\,(i()II.\, One out of every three pagcs in thc complctc works (Jf Frcud is dcvotcd to philo- logical rcfcrenccs, one out of cvcry tw(J pagcs to lo¡!:ical infcrcnccs, and cvcry- where the apprehcnsion of c\"pcricnce is dialcctical, with the proporti(Jn of linguistic analysis incrcasing just ins()f¡lr as thc unc(JJlsci(Jus is dircctly conccrncd. Thus in The Inle11'rctali()/1 (!{ f)rcal//.' cvcry pagc dcals with what wc arc calling the letter of the discourse, in its texture, its usage, its immanence in the matter in question. For it is with this work that the work of ¡.'reud begins to open the royal road to the unconscious. And Freud gave us notice of this; his confidence at the time oflaunching this book in the carly days ofthis centuryl5 only confirrns what he continued to proclaim t(J thc cnd: that his wholc mcssagc was at stake in this, the whole of his discovery . The first sentence of the opening chaptcr announces what for thc sake of the exposition could not bc p(Jstponed: that thc drcam is a rcbus./r And I;reud goes on to stipulate what I havc said from thc start, that it must bc undcrsto(Jd litcrally. This derives from the persistence in thc drcam ofthat samc litcral «Jr phonematic) structure through which the signifier in ordinary discourse is articulated and analyzed. So the unnatural images of the boat on the roof, or the man with a comma for a head which are specifically mcntioned by Freud, are examples of dream-images which have importance only as signiticrs, that is, insofar as they allow us to spcll out the 'provcrb' presented hy the rcbus of the dream. The structure of languagc which cnahlcs us t(J rcad drcams is the vcry principlc of thc 'mcaning of drcams,' thc 'fral(l//d('lIt/InK. Freud shows us in cvcry possiblc way that thc imagc's valuc as signiticr has nothing whatever to do with what it signifies, giving as an cxamplc Egyptian hieroglyphics in which it would be sheer buffoonery to pretend that in a given text the frequency of a vulture which is an aleph, (Jr of a chick which is a vau, and which indicate a f()rm of thc vcrb 'to be' or a plural, provc that thc text has anything at all to do with these ornithological specimens. Freud finds in this script certain uses of thc Sig¡lificr which are l(Jst in ours, such as thc use of Jctcnnillativcs, whcrc a catcg()rical figllrc is addl:J t() thc litcral tigurati(m (Jf a h A rebus is a puzzlc in which ricturcs rcrrcscnt words or syllahlcs. Ine insistence ofthe letter in the unconscious itseJf in the process of transterence, and which is thc chain of dead desire. Jt is th(;' truth of what this desire was in jts history which the patient cries out through his symptom, as Christ said that thc stoncs themsclvcs would havc cried out if thc childrcn of Isracl had not lcnt thcm their voice. I\nd that is why only psyChO¡In¡llysis allows liS to diflercntiatc wjthin memory thl: function of rccall. l{ootl:J in thl: significr, it r<.:solv<.:s th<.: Platonic puzzles of rcmjni~cl:llcc through thl: asccllJallcy of thl: historic in man. Onl: has only to rc¡¡d thc '.l'hrcc l.:~~¡¡y~ on .Sl:xuality' to ob~l:rv<.:, ill ~pit<.: of th\: psl:liJo- bi()i<)gil:al !-\"Ioss(...'i wilh whil:h il is d\:l;k<.:d Ol1t f()r rorlllar 1;0nsllmp- t¡on, th¡¡1 l,'r<.:liJ th<.:rl: J<.:riv\...'i ¡¡Jly al;l;cs~ion lo Ihc objcl:t troln thl: Jial\:l;til; of thc r<.:tllrll. Starting trom 1-lüldcrlin'~ V(JOtO~ Ircturnl I.'rclld will arrivc less than twenty years later at Kierkcg¡¡ard's repelition; that is, through sllbmitting his thought sol\:ly to thc hlJmblc but int)exibl<.: l;ollscqucnccs 0[ l!le talking cure, hc was unablc evcr to cscape the )iving scrvittldes which led him from the regal principIe of the Logos to re-thinking the mortal Empedoclean antinomies.1 I\nd how else are wc to conccive thc recourse of a man of science to a Deus e., machina'll than on that other stag.e of which hc speaks as the dream place, a Deus ex machina only )css dcrisof)' for thc fact that it is revealed to the spectator that thc machine directs the dircctor? How else can we imaginc that a scientist o[ thc ninctccnth ccntllry, linlcss wc rca)izc that hc had to bow bctorc the force of cvidcncc that ovcr-whcllnc\.t Ilis rrcjlldi\..e~, rllt more stock in his l'ole1n and 7ah()() than in all hi~ othcr work~, with il~ ob~l;cl1e and fcrociolls figllrc of the primordial tathcr, not to be exh¡¡ustt:J in thc cxpiation of O\:dipus' blindncss, and bctorc which thc cthl1ologi~ts of today bow a~ bejorc the growth of an allth- cntil: myth? So that impcrious prolitcration of particlllar symbolic l:rcation~, such as what arc l:alled the sexual thcorics of thc child, which supply the motivation down to the smallest detail of ncurotic compulsions, these rep)y to the same necessities as do myths. Likewise, to speak of the precise point we are treating in my seminars on r'rcud, little Hans,1l lett in the lurch at thc age of five by his symbo)ic environ- ml:l1t, anJ sllddl:nly torcl:d to t¡lCl: thl: \..lli)!;ma of his ~\:x anJ his cxistcncc, unJcr thc J¡rl:ction of [O'rl:liJ al1J of his f¡lthcr, "'r\:uJ's di~cipl<.:, Jl:vclop<.:J in a mythic .lorm, ¡¡rounJ tl)e ~ignijying crystal of his phobi¡¡, all the pcrmutations possible on a limiteJ number of ~ignitil:rs. l'he operation shows tl)at even on the indiviJua) lcvel the solution of the impossible is brought within man's reach by the exhaustion of all possiblt: forms '1;'riedrich Holderlin (1770-1843) was a Gcrman poct and enthu!iia!itic Hcllenist. The theme of 'r(,llirll' rlln!i Ihrou((h all hi.'i work. .I'hc J)"l\i!ih philo.'iophcr Sorcn Kicrkcg;I;lru (1813-55) publi!ihcd hiii l>(jok (Jli I\cpctili(jn il\ 1843, P!iycho¡lllaly!iiii waii Jul>\>cJ .lhc tillk¡llg ¡;urc' uy OIIC of ¡t!i cilrlic~t pat¡l'I\I:;. Empl'ducl¡;:; W¡I:; a prc-Socr;llic lircl'k philuii()phcr. m Originally the rcprc:;cntiltiol\ of a god in cla:;:;ical drama, who waii lowcrcJ un to t!IC iitagc by machincry to rciiulvc thc plOI, Mcl3phorically applicll t() 3ny aruitrary or artificial rciiolution of a problcm, n Subjcct of unc uf rrcud'~ muiit cclcbratl'd C;I~" hi:;turic!i, 'f~ 1~~ ~-"'.., .;..:. Lacan The insistence ofthe /etter in the unconscious of the impossibilities encountered in solution by recourse to the signifying equa- tion. It is a striking demonstration for the clarifying of this labyrinth of obser- vation which so far has only been used as a source of demolished fragments. We should be struck also with the fact that the coextensivity of the unfolding of the symptom and of its curativc rcsolution shows the truc naturc of ncurosis: whcthcr phobic, hysterical or obscssivc, a ncurosis is a qucstion which bcing poscs f()r the subjcct 'from the placc whcre it was bcf()re thc subjcct camc into thc world' (Freud's phrase which hc uscd in cxplaining thc Ocdipal complcx to littlc Hans). .l'hc 'bcil1g' rcfcrrcd to is that which appcars ill a liJ:('htl1illJ:(' momcl1t il1 thc void of the verb 'to bc' and 1 said that it poscs its qucstioll f()r thc subjcct. What docs that mcan? It does not posc it beji)re thc subjcct, sincc the subjcct cannot come to the place where it is posed, but it poses it in place of the subject, that is, in that place it poses the question with the subject, as one poses a problem with a pen, or as mal1 in antiquity thought lvith his soul. It is only in this way that Freud fits the ego into his doctrine. freud defined the ego by the resistances which are proper to it. They are of an imaginary nature much in the same sense as those adaptational activities which the ethology of animal behavior shows us in courting-pomp or combat. Freud showed their reduction in man to a narcissistic relation, which I elaborated in my essay on the mirror-stage.o And he grouped within it the synthesis of the perceptive functions in which the sensori- motor selections are integrated which determine for man what he calls reality . But this resistance, essential for thc solidifying of the incrtias of the imaginary order which obstruct the message of the unconscious, is only secondary in relation to the specific resistances of the joumey in thc signifying order of the tru th . That is the reason why an exhaustion of the mechanisms of defence, which Fenichel the practitioner shows us so well in his studies of technique (while his whole reduction on the theoretical level of neuroses and psychoses to genetic anomalies in libidinal development is pure platitude), manifests itself, without Fenichel's accounting for it or realizing it himself, as simply the underside or reverse aspect of the mechanisms of the unconscious. Periphrasis, hyperbaton, ellipis, suspension, anticipation, retraction, dcnial, digrcssion, irony, these are the figurcs of stylc (Quintiliall 's .IÍKurae .~ententiarum); as catachrcsis, litotcs, antonomasia, hypotyposis are the tropes, whosc tcrms imposc thcmsclves as the most proper for the labelling of these mechanisms. Can one really see these as mere figures of speech when it is the figures themselves which are the active principIe of the rhetoric of the discourse which the patient in fact utters? By the obstinacy with which today's psychoanalysts reduce to a sort of emotional police station the reality of the resistance of which the patient's discourse is only a cover, thcy have sunk bencath onc of the fundamental truths which I.'rcud rcdiscovcrcd through psychoal1alysis. OIlC is Ilcvcr happy making way for a new truth, for it always mcans making our way into it: the truth dcmands .Thc stagc in childhood. usually hctwccn six and cightccn months, whcn thc individual, rccog- nizing his owr reflection in a mirror, is first ahlc to conccivc of him/hcrsclf as an autonomous bcing.
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Slashing Air Passenger Duty will add 1bn to Scottish economy and create 4,000 jobs
New Edinburgh Airport report makes renewed call for timetable for change
New Edinburgh Airport report makes renewed call for timetable for change
Edinburgh Airport is celebrating once again after being named 'Best Airport Operator - Car Rental' at the BVRLA Annual Dinner in London earlier this month.
With thousands of rugby fans due to arrive over the next few days, Edinburgh Airport is calling on passengers to be prepared and allow extra time for travelling.
Edinburgh Airport has chosen Erskine as its corporate charity partner for 2015 after a vote by airport staff.
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Advance Wars hit the Game Boy Advance over a decade ago, but the many clones on the App Store testify to its enduring popularity. The clones usually offer a twist or two on the original's formula, and Front Wars has staked out its territory with a World War II theme. But is the Greatest Generation enough to make the game stand out for the Nintendo Generation? (more…)
Maurice Chevalier sang "Thank Heaven for Little Girls," and while the sentiment sounds a little bit creepy today, we don't know what Japanese-style roleplaying games would do without them. That's certainly true of Across Age 2, a "Retro Action RPG" that would be lost without its women of an ambiguous age. (more…)
Everybody's worried about high medical costs, but it takes a social giant like Adult Swim to do something about it. The latest game from the publishers of Robot Unicorn Attack, Velocirapture, and– surprisingly enough– Amateur Surgeon 2 proves that you can slash your hospital bills by putting your life in the hands of novice doctors armed with pizza cutters. (more…)
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Tuesday, July 14, 2015
Palmer House Hilton, 17 East Monroe St., Chicago, IL 60603
10:30 am – 2:00 pm
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Donnie Smith, President and CEO for Tyson Foods, will be this year's keynote speaker. The Edie Awards will be presented as part of the program. Watch for other speaker announcements as soon as they are confirmed.
11:00 am – 11:30 am
Registration and Networking
11:30 am
Call to Order and Posting of the Colors,
Pledge of Allegiance, Welcome & Remarks
Acknowledgement of special guests
The Edie Awards
Plated Lunch
Introduction of Keynote Speaker
Donnie Smith
President and CEO
Tyson Foods
Closing Remarks
Todd Maisch, President & CEO, Illinois Chamber of Commerce
Retiring of the Colors
Benefit Planning Consultants