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|By Steve Weisfeldt
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|January 7, 2013 08:00 AM EST
Mobile applications and mobile websites have become a major channel for conducting business, improving employee efficiency, communicating, and reaching consumers. In Part I of this article we discussed the differences between testing traditional and mobile applications, specific challenges associated with mobile load testing, mobile testing basics and best practices for recording mobile load test scenarios. In this Part 2 of the article, we will look at how to conduct realistic tests and how to best analyze the results.
How to Run Realistic Load Tests
Once you've recorded a mobile test scenario, you need to be parameterize it so that it can emulate users with different identities and behaviors as it is played back to produce a realistic load on the server. This step is required for traditional and mobile web applications, and the tools used to complete it are the same. When playing back the test scenarios, however, there are several challenges specific to mobile load testing.
Simulating Network Conditions
Today's mobile devices generally access the server over networks that are slower than those used by desktop computers. Network conditions have a significant effect on the user experience, and the effect may be more or less pronounced depending on the application. Network characteristics including bandwidth, latency and packet loss have a huge impact on client response times and on the way the server is loaded. By simulating different network conditions in a test lab environment you can forecast the effects of changes in the network infrastructure on the application's performance. Doing so also allows you to discover application issues in the development cycle, therefore reducing costs.
Bandwidth, Latency and Packet Loss
For example, low bandwidth increases the time it takes to download a resource, which then results in higher page load times. If the customer is connected longer, front-end servers hold sockets longer, load balancers have more active TCP sessions and application servers use more threads.
Mobile networks have limited bandwidth and high latency compared to Wi-Fi and broadband. Since the latency is a time added to each request and webpages are composed of many sub-requests, the time required to load a webpage on a mobile device greatly depends on the latency.
Limiting bandwidth and simulating latency and packet loss during a load test allows you to check that all of your users, including mobile users, will get the best user experience and acceptable response times while ensuring your servers won't have problems under load.
Bandwidth and Response Times
The bandwidth is directly correlated with how long it takes to download data from the server. The lower the bandwidth, the higher the response time. A server that provides acceptable response times for desktop users using DSL or another high-speed broadband service may deliver a poor end-user experience to mobile users with lower bandwidth.
It is important to validate your service-level agreements (SLAs) and performance objectives with tests that use the same bandwidth limitations as your users to avoid making decisions based on misleading test results. Such tests must incorporate bandwidth simulation, which is the process of artificially slowing down the traffic during a test to simulate a slower connection.
Bandwidth and Server Load
Clients using lower bandwidth connections also affect the server. The lower the bandwidth, the longer the connections. Longer connections, in turn, lead to more simultaneous connections on your web server and your application server. Thus, mobile users tend to consume more connections than their wired counterparts. Most servers have settings that limit the number of simultaneous connections that they can handle. Without a testing tool that realistically simulates bandwidth, these settings cannot be properly validated.
Simulating Bandwidth Limitations for Individual Virtual Users
When load testing, effective bandwidth simulation requires the ability to individually limit the bandwidth for each user or groups of users, independent of the others.
Consider a situation in which you need to verify performance when 100 mobile users are accessing the server. In this scenario, you'd want to simulate 100 virtual users, with each user limited to a 1Mbps 3G connection. In this case, the total bandwidth for all users is 100Mbps (100 users * 1Mbps/user). Though it is possible to use WAN emulation software or a network appliance to globally limit the bandwidth for the load generation machine to 100 Mbps (or any other arbitrary limit), in practice this does not provide a realistic test because it does not impose a strict 1Mbps constraint on each user. Bandwidth simulation support must be integrated in the load testing tool to enable bandwidth limits to be applied to individual virtual users.
To conduct an even more realistic test, you'll want to simulate a mixed population of users accessing your application with a variety of bandwidths. With a tool capable of bandwidth simulation on a per virtual user basis, you can determine the response times for users at each bandwidth across a range of bandwidths in a single test. This saves times when you need to compare the response times of web applications and business transactions for clients who have different bandwidth limits.
Simulating Browsers and Browser Capabilities
When a browser requests a resource from a web server, it identifies itself via the user-agent header sent with each request. This header contains information about the browser and the platform on which it is running. Servers use this information to deliver different versions of the content based on the client system. As noted earlier, many web applications deliver different content to mobile users and desktop users. Some further differentiate mobile users into subgroups based on information in the user-agent header, delivering less text and smaller images to devices with small screens. This can lead to bandwidth consumption and loading times that vary widely with the browser and platform being used.
As a result, the ability to manipulate the user-agent header is essential not only for recording test scenarios, but also for playing them back. Tools that lack this capability will fail to retrieve the appropriate content from the server.
Simulating Parallel Connections
Mobile browsers, like desktop browsers, can generate the HTTP requests needed to retrieve the static resources of a web page in parallel. Rather than waiting for each image to finish loading before requesting the next, this approach requests multiple images at once to shorten the overall page load time. To measure response times accurately, load testing tools must replicate this behavior by generating multiple requests in parallel. Moreover, they must simulate the appropriate number of parallel connections as this number may differ from one mobile browser to another. Again, tools that lack this capability are not performing realistic tests, placing the results they deliver into question.
Identifying the Most Appropriate Settings for Realistic Tests
Finding the appropriate values for key test settings - such as the user-agent, bandwidth, and number of simultaneous connections - can be a challenge. More advanced load testing tools can help testers set these values. For example, test scenario playback is greatly simplified by tools that can automatically inform the tester of which user-agent string and number of parallel connections to use based on the browser name, version, and platform. The process is further streamlined when the tools can suggest the most appropriate upload and download bandwidth settings based on the technology used (for example, Wi-Fi, 3G, 3G+, and so on) and the quality of the signal (for example, poor, average, or good).
Using the Cloud
You can use load testing with the cloud after (or in conjunction with) on-premise testing in the lab to improve the realism of your tests by generating high loads and testing from different locations, while saving time and lowering costs.
Generating a High Load
For consumer-facing apps and websites, it's often difficult to predict the number of users your applications will have to handle. Traffic spikes that results from a promotion, marketing campaign, new product release, or even unexpected social network buzz can be substantial. To generate a similar load in-house, you would need a significant investment in hardware. Using the cloud, you can generate the same high load using on-demand resources at a much lower cost.
Testing from Different Geographies
Your web application's real users likely access the server from many different geographical locations and use different networks. To properly validate the application and the server infrastructure, your virtual users should operate under similar real world conditions.
Testing the Entire Application Delivery Chain
When your real users are located outside the firewall, you should run your virtual users from the cloud to validate the parts of the application delivery chain that are not tested when testing from the lab, including the firewall, load balancers, and other network equipment.
Tools for Testing with the Cloud
While the cloud represents an opportunity to rapidly increase the scale and improve the realism of load testing at low costs, cloud testing is most effective when it's used to complement internal load testing. Note that the primary factor in the success of load testing with the cloud is not the move to the cloud, rather it's the tool you select and how well it uses cloud technology. In particular, it's best to select a solution that is integrated with multiple cloud platforms, enables in-house test assets to be reused in the cloud, and supports realistic, large-scale tests across multiple geographical regions.
Analyzing Results
The default results of a load test are frequently delivered as averages. For example, load testing tools will typically show what errors occurred and the average response times for a request, web page, or business transaction regardless of the type of users being simulated or the bandwidth available to them.
Because bandwidth may vary widely for the different kinds of users simulated, the errors and response times can also vary widely. Taking an average of results with significant variation does not provide an accurate picture of what is really happening. To gain meaningful insights and to validate your SLAs and performance requirements for each network condition, it is important to go beyond the default results and analyze the results for each kind of user.
In many ways, mobile load testing is similar to load testing classic web applications. As a result, testers can leverage much of their existing knowledge and reuse existing techniques - like using the cloud for realistic, large-scale tests. However, there are specific requirements for testing mobile applications that are not addressed by traditional load testing techniques. Recording mobile test scenarios, conducting realistic tests that simulate real-world bandwidth and browser characteristics, and properly analyzing the results are some of the key areas that require special attention for mobile applications. Addressing challenges in these areas is essential to ensuring mobile web applications are sufficiently tested prior to release and that they will perform well under load in production.
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I have the quickfill version of this tank, and by far this tank exceeded standards. For the X or enduro bike owner, you will not notice the big bulk factor like the guy's who are used to the motocross style ergonomic stand point. The tank feels very moto oriented when you ride with it on say the 2.6 version, and by that I mean it does not feel like an XR400 tank where you can't sit into the tank when trying to go into a turn. It is the tank I trust to get the job done at these long distance races for the fact it has style, function, and comfort.Read All Reviews


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Secret Invasion: The End - SPOILERS!
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^Nothing Morrison does gets retconned ? One word for you: Xorn.
A minor, forgotten character nobody cares about. Last time I checked Doom Patrol, Animal Man, and Justice League(although that one was for the better) still had his imprint on it. And Cyclops is still an adulterer running around with the human silicone factory, despite all the hate mail and fan outrage they received from it. But I know why they won't. Quesada hates marriage, married couples, and true love as a concept. It's the reason he spent so long trying to get Peter and Mary Jane broken up. If he could get Reed and Sue broken up without destroying the Fantastic Four, he'd do it in a heartbeat.
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SearchAll Refuges
The refuge is home to some unique and colorful wild residents, including the Pecos puzzle sunflower.
Look for this wild refuge resident -- the bobcat. They have "bobbed" tails and their ears resemble that of the lynx.
The refuge serves an important role to thousands of migratory birds; including waterfowl, shorebirds, and songbirds.
The desert mule deer is prominent throughout New Mexico and commonly seen on the refuge. It can be identified by the black tip on its tail.
The blue dasher dragonfly is just one of the 100 species of dragonflies that can be found on the refuge.
Come in today and enjoy Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge's beautiful Visitor Center. The refuge is home to an amazing diversity of wildlife! Our informative Visitor Center has various exhibits and feature films to introduce you to these wildlife species. We look forward to visiting with you!
The National Wildlife Refuge System, within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, manages a national network of lands and waters set aside to conserve America's fish, wildlife, and plants.
In 1903 President Theodore Roosevelt established the Pelican Island Bird Reservation, the first of 50 refuges he would create during his time in office and the roots of what is today known as the National Wildlife Refuge System. Seen here with Gifford Pinchot, President Roosevelt's legacy is reflected at Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, where breathtaking landscape has been set aside and managed for the benefit of wildlife.
More than 100 species of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonates) have been documented on Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge is home to what is considered one of the most diverse populations of odonates in North America.
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- My amazing GF plays. Such beautiful and erotic suirting...:)


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2015 Endangered Bird Photography Contest
San Diego Audubon is sponsoring a first for our chapter… a major photo competition, open to all, "focusing" exclusively on five endangered birds native to our region and benefitting from SDAS programs:
- California Least Tern
- Ridgway's Rail (Light-footed)
- Western Snowy Plover
- California Gnatcatcher
- Coastal Cactus Wren
Winners will be selected for each of these species as well as best of show and special categories. We will feature the winning images in the September 2015 issue of Sketches, present them on our website and stage a show of framed prints in the SDAS office. Selected images will be used in future print and electronic media created by SDAS. Entries can be submitted from April 1 - July 1, 2015. Click here for full information and entry form.
Download the 2015 Endangered Bird Photography Contest PDF
Submission link will be posted on the site April 1, 2015
We're Hiring: Development Manager
San Diego Audubon Society seeks a highly motivated individual with professional experience in development to serve as the organization's Development Manager. If you're an excellent writer, super-organized, and love planning events, we want to hear from you. A job opportunity notice for this position can be found here.


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By Florence
Climate-smart landscapes are an emerging concept that captures integration
of actions and processes in a Participatory community meeting, Niger. Photo credit:Mahamane Larwanougiven place. This integration is geared towards
reducing emissions and enhancing ability to cope with already existing negative
effects of climate change while at the same time pursuing multiple social,
economic and environmental objectives.
In the past, integrated management initiatives have shared similar
ambition and provide lessons for implementation.
In a chapter of a new book titled Climate-Smart
Landscapes: Multifunctionality in Practice, we study the example of gestion de terroirs (GT), which was an
integrated management approach applied in French speaking African countries in
the 1990's.
The GT approach was meant to advance goals
related to food production, ecosystem conservation and rural livelihoods on a
socially and geographically defined space – the so-called 'terroir'. It shared a
number of similar features with climate-smart landscapes in terms of being a multisectoral,
multidisciplinary and multistakeholder approach.
A number of key limitations, challenges and
experiences from the GT approach offer lessons for the climate-smart landscape
One limitation of the GT approach was that the
geographical area was identified almost exclusively in relation with the practice
of agriculture, ignoring other important livelihoods such as pastoralism. A key
lesson here is that it should not be assumed that community interests are
uniform at the expense of complex social, economic and cultural factors that affect
how local communities can sustainably use natural resources.
Both the GT and climate-smart landscapes approaches
use a bottom-up management style and are community-driven, so multi-stakeholder
planning is a key element. However, experiences with the GT implementation have
at times not achieved proper balance in participation between the local communities,
project staff and government agency representatives, with local communities being
overlooked in technical debates. Another weakness was lack of balance of
interests among stakeholders in the local community due as GT committees seemed
to be dominated by local elites to the exclusion of the poorest and most
marginalized rural populations. According to the study, in order to avoid such
pitfalls, both composition and method of inclusion need to be considered with caution
to ensure effective representation of all stakeholder groups.
Additionally, effective decentralized
governance over land resources is described as a central feature of the GT approach.
However, since the legislation never conferred legal right to community-based
institutions to exercise public authority over their resources, there has been
a huge gap between theory and the reality. As such, if decentralized governance
is to happen within climate-smart landscape approaches, there will first need
to be clear policies outlining who has the authority to make decisions on resources
as well as more reflection on how to transfer authority from central government
authorities to local government staff, and from government structures to local
Another issue that GT implementation shed light
on, was that attempts for clarifying rights and resource tenure have sometimes
exacerbated existing or latent land-use conflicts, the concept of 'terroir' being
sometimes misinterpreted as 'for locals only' and instrumentalized to exclude
others in the name of local heritage. To avoid this challenge, there is need
for very carefully negotiated processes and a legitimate conflict resolution and
recourse system that is supported by an improved justice system, accessible courts,
and devolved conciliation powers to local authorities or customary chiefs.
Last but not least, while most GT programmes
took place in a policy and institutional vacuum resulting in very limited
impact on influencing wider institutional and policy issues, there is need for
acknowledging climate-smart landscape approaches within national decision-making
processes. Sustainability of the climate-smart landscape approach will require
supportive policies at multiple scales.
The study is a book chapter in a book titled Climate-Smart Landscapes: Multifunctionality
in Practice which can be accessed here.
Bernard, F. (2015). What can climate-smart agricultural landscapes learn
from the gestion de terroirs approach? In Minang, P. A., van Noordwijk, M.,
Freeman, O. E., Mbow, C., de Leeuw, J., & Catacutan, D. (Eds.)
Climate-Smart Landscapes: Multifunctionality in Practice, 51-61. Nairobi,
Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF).
Scientists with the ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forests Margins at the World Agroforestry Centre have published a special issue in Climate Policy vol.14, no. 6, that focuses on the Political Economy of Readiness for REDD+, guest edited by Dr Peter Minang and Dr Meine van Noordwijk. All articles in this special issue are available for free as "open access" publications.
According to the special issue, the process of REDD+ readiness is
shaped by a host of complex political and economic factors largely
influenced by the national environment, history and circumstances
specific to each country.
"The game changes at country level, and the process has to account
for complex political and economic realities involving multiple actors,
institutions, political and sectoral ideologies that require an
iterative, rather than a simple linear, global process," says Dr Peter
Minang, one of the special issue editors.
Read entire blog from Climate Strategies and climate policy journal blog.
By Elizabeth
At the ongoing UN climate talks in Lima, Peru, the
Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Ministry
of Agriculture and The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) joined hands at an
official side event to provide scientific evidence and guidance on the issue of
synergy between adaptation and mitigation.
In defining the synergy concept, Dr Lalisa Duguma of ICRAF
said that usually, "the whole is
greater than the sum of the parts," thus reaching for optimal benefits
derived from the two interventions in a way that neither would have achieved
From a study that developed a framework for assessing
potential areas for synergy, and applied in developing countries, Dr Duguma noted
that most countries were moving towards synergy with a high score on
institutional setup although much remains to be seen in terms of implementation
for most countries. Read related article
Indonesia is among the exception. The country is
implementing several strategies to link adaptation and mitigation in
agriculture and peatlands. One of this is the Integrated Crop -Livestock
Farming System (ICLS) that is being applied in a rainfed lowland rice area of
Central Java. According to Dr. Wihardjaka of IAARD, the system significantly
improves the productivity of rainfed lowland rice, provides higher profits and increases resilience of
agriculture to climate change. It at the same time reduces greenhouse
gas emissions particularly carbon dioxide and methane.
Activities to implement ICLS include "use of direct seeding
technique, recycling of organic wastes, crop planting calendar, pest management
control, efficient use of fertilizer, water management and control, and high
yielding rice variety with low methane emission," says Dr Wihardjaka. It also
involves utilizing natural resources such as biogas for household use, biocompost
as fertilizer and biopesticides that
effectively use solar radiation.
"An integrated cropping calendar helps farmers to adapt to
unpredictable weather patterns as it acts as a tool for rainfall forecast,
provide recommendation for planting time, planting area, risk areas to flood,
drought, pests and diseases," says Mr Fadhlullah Ramadhani also from IAARD. "In
fact, it helps to make decisions on fertilizer, seed and pesticide distribution
as well as water requirements. We administered multi-channel delivery system
including the use of facebook, android, SMS, and Google+" added Mr. Ramadhani. "With
the multi-faceted climatic threats, cropping calendar is one among the many
adaptation actions being developed and implemented in Indonesia. Other actions
include development of hardy high-
yielding varieties, soil and water conservation and crop rotation" added Dr
Fahmuddin Agus from IAARD.
Another source of emissions in Indonesia is degraded
peatland. It covers around 25% of the 15 Mha Indonesian peatland area and
their high emission potential is exacerbated by the
risk of fires. However, this land can profitably be converted for crop
production without worsening the environment.
Fahmudin Agus of IAARD and his team conducted a study on viability of
agricultural production on peatland. "We
found that when properly managed, crop production on peatland is comparable to
that of mineral land, and it is quite profitable with an estimated net present
value of USD 315 to 4421 per hectare per year," he says. However, initial
investment can be tall order for smallholder farmers. He therefore urges for
policy measures that provide incentives to these farmers that could include,
"secure and (semi) permanent land
tenure; subsidies for initial investment, especially for smallholder rubber
plantation; infrastructure, including drainage canals and water table control
system; high quality planting materials and fertilizers; and technical support.
Rehabilitation of degraded peatland must be coupled with strict regulatory
measures for conserving the remaining peat
To objectively determine how such climate change actions as
those in Indonesia can be scaled up and applied to different contexts, it is
important to know the extent to which countries are ready to implement through
policy frameworks provided by the UN processes such REDD.
Dr Peter Minang of ICRAF led a study that developed a
framework for assessing REDD readiness in different countries and that can be
used to objectively make cross-cutting comparisons. When applied to four
countries –Peru, Cameroon, Indonesia and Vietnam, all the countries seem to
have adopted most of the UN climate commitment REDD processes and made the
required submissions. However, only Indonesia had backed this up with a
national policy on REDD linked to the country's economic strategy, although
Vietnam also seem to be making progress with a benefit sharing framework in
place. "Most countries scored poorly on benefit sharing; monitoring, reporting
and verification; audit and financing," says Dr Minang. Read related article
Peru is making progress with the launch of their national
adaptation and mitigation plans (NAMAs) at the UNFCCC COP 20. Dr Valentina
Robiglio of ICRAF was involved in providing technical support to the process.
At the IAARD-ICRAF event, she described the NAMA process and how this can be
locally adapted especially to cacao production. See
The Director General of ICRAF, Prof Tony Simons, was
moderating the session and concluded by emphasizing the importance of having
evidence feed into the official UNFCCC negotiations particularly to influence
the formal inclusion of agriculture in these debates.
See presentations
crop-livestock farming system (ICLS) on rainfed lowland rice for sustainable
between Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: National Level Experiences
Improving the
profits from peatland without exacerbating the environmental
cropping calendar for adapting to erratic rainfall pattern
The World Agroforestry Centre is pleased to formally launch the book: Climate-Smart Landscapes: Multifunctionality in Practice
This book brings together a range of work around landscape approaches specifically looking at the pathways, methods and tools needed for achieving sustainable multifunctional landscapes within the context of climate change. It draws strongly on field experiences and case studies from across the developing world to concretely demonstrate how the concept of taking a landscape approach can be applied both in policy and practice. It presents scientific evidence in a way that is accessible and applicable by mid-career practitioners and policymakers in a bid to bridge science, policy and practice. This includes a section specifically identifying opportunities for private sector involvement in landscape approaches.
The book was launched at the Global Landscape Forum held on the margins of the UNFCCC COP20. Panelists at the launch said the following about the book:
"What I like about this book is that you do not get bogged down trying to define landscapes," Dr Robert Nasi, Director for the Forests and Environment Programme at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), and head of CGIAR consortium research programme, Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: Livelihoods, Landscapes and Governance.
"This book is a watershed moment for the landscape discourse. It balances analytical work on how to think about landscapes in a very sophisticated way," Dr Sara Scherr, President and CEO, EcoAgriculture Partners
"The book is a great tool for policy makers, it has come at the right time when we have been tasked to develop a landscape approach in Uganda," Tim Christophersen, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
"This book is practical, with case studies that clearly articulate the concept and implementation of the landscape approach. We will only achieve sustainable development if we work in an integrated manner," Satya Tripathi, Director, United Nations Office for REDD+ Coordination in Indonesia (UNORCID)
Read and download the book
Related articles:
Book key messages
How to build a business case for climate smart landscape approach to the private sector
Why climate change researchers are so excited about landscapes
Landscape approach: bridging the climate agenda with the Sustainable Development Goals
The landscape approach for meeting the climate challenge: Examples from Africa
Study develops an analytical framework of enabling conditions necessary for synergies between mitigation and adaptation
By Elizabeth Kahurani
new IPCC
report calls for "sustainable-development
trajectories that combine adaptation and mitigation to reduce climate change
and its impacts."
it is becoming more apparent that linking mitigation and adaptation is a more
effective and efficient approach to climate change. Discussions at UN climate
talks are heavy on the benefits of synergy; and climate finance mechanisms are
increasingly looking for projects with linkages to both.
A field extension officer (middle) explains cacao agroforestry farming methods in Cameroon. Findings of a new study show that in developing countries, institutional setup is an area with strong potential for synergy between mitigation and adaptationGiven
that initial framing has had the two elements working in parallel, there is
need to identify where there exists strong potential to actualize harmony
needed to optimize strengths and benefits of mitigation and adaptation
a journal paper titled "A
systematic analysis of enabling conditions for synergy between climate change
mitigation and adaptation measures in developing countries"
published in Environmental Science and
Policy, Dr Lalisa Duguma and his
colleagues from the ASB
Partnership have developed an analytical framework
within which they explore four conditions necessary for integrating mitigation
and adaptation. These are: i) policies and strategies ii) institutional
arrangement iii) Financing iv) Programs and projects.
a comprehensive review of publications on climate change integration,
particularly those on mitigation and adaptation, it was clear that these four
conditions are crucial for countries to move towards synergy," says Dr Duguma.
four conditions were examined using eight indicators (see table below) to score the synergy potential of 53 developing
countries that were selected based on national communications submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC).
the countries had strongest potential for synergy between mitigation and
adaptation on institution setup, mainly because countries had committees to
work on national level climate change strategies and also to participate and
ensure compliance to mutual climate agreements and submissions to international
conventions. Moreover, two thirds of the countries surveyed had programs
dealing with both mitigation and adaptation.
countries were found to be weak on the potential to finance both strategies
simultaneously and to develop policies. "This weak link in potential could be
because most of these countries are in the early stages of developing policies
on climate change and normally funding/budget allocation is informed by already
existing policies. Moreover, majority of these countries are almost entirely
dependent on multilateral funding, most of which is given for mitigation
activities," explains Susan Wambugu, a co-author in the study.
comparative assessment between the countries showed interesting variations,
with middle-income countries having strong potential to synergy. "Other studies
that we have done show that these fast growing economies exhibit strong
potential for synergy as they want to boost their image to be seen as
responsible global citizens; also to maintain credibility and attract more climate
funding," says Dr Meine vanNoordwijk who was part of the study. Strong
potential was also identified with countries exposed to high climate change
vulnerability such as the small island states. "Having been among the most
affected by climate change already, these countries have no much option but to
take on adaptation even as they implement mitigation approaches," Dr
vanNoordwijk explains.
least developed countries had a weak potential score for synergy. According to
the authors, this is contrary to expectations given that they are also among
high climate risk countries and they are strong proponents for adaptation in
international policy debates. However, the study is quick to point out that limited
large-scale programs within which they implement climate objectives could
explain the tendency seen in these countries.
analysis of the synergy score against development and environmental indices
such as GDP, Human Development Index, and Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
confirm the findings of the study. "Among the countries studied, Indonesia and
Jamaica are exceptional on this assessment. Indonesia for example has an
independent body reporting directly to the office of the president. Such institutional
measures with political will and commitment have largely contributed to a high
EPI score for the country," says Dr Peter Minang, one of the study co-authors.
" A similar trend is seen among least developed countries, with countries like Malawi
and Ghana emerging with strong synergy potential scores in an environment where
the governments have made deliberate efforts to integrate development and
climate strategies," he says.
climate change discussions focus on ways to generate meaningful impact from
actions to deal with the challenge, this framework and evidence presented is
among pioneer studies that governments and practitioners could benefit from in
an endeavor to gain lost opportunities from the previous siloed approach to
mitigation and adaptation and embrace far more beneficial avenues of a synergy
the push for global climate communities towards synergies between mitigation
and adaptation measures in order to effectively address climate change, it is
important that the necessary enabling conditions be known and made to use. This
paper is therefore the first attempt to come up with such key elements to
promote synergies particularly from developing countries context" Says Dr. Duguma.
conditions with their respective indicators used to determine countries'
synergy potentials
Enabling conditions
Indicators used for
each of the enabling conditions for synergy
Policies and Strategies
Does the country have a climate policy that addresses both
Is there a common climate strategy/action plan for both
Has the country submitted NAMA (Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Actions)/REDD+
R-PP (Readiness Preparation Proposal) and/or NAPA to the
Institutional arrangements
Is there a national-level committee addressing both M+A
Is there an implementing body
(institution/agency/department/unit) addressing M+A together?
Financing (Funds)
Is there a climate fund for both M+A?
Programs and projects
Is there a joint program addressing M+A?
Are there subnational projects addressing both M+A
Available on open access
Lack of understanding
of peat is not the weakest link in the chain, say Meine van Noordwijk and colleagues
By Amy C. Cruz
The high emissions
of greenhouse gases from tropical peatlands caused by changing their land use have
become a problem for policymakers that they can no longer deny, as their own
scientists have now confirmed what external critics told before.
Researchers at the World Agroforestry Centre Indonesia are assessing the viability of rubber agroforestry on peat. Photo: World Agroforestry CentreThe
emissions need to be reduced to mitigate the effects of climate change but
because of the complex issues involved, governments, societies and private businesses are still 'muddling along' when it
comes to conserving peatlands. The peat models we have so far are as clear as mud.
Given the
urgency and political sensitivity, peat and peatlands have become an
interesting test ground for understanding the chain that links knowledge with
action. Who needs to know, who can act and where is knowledge the weakest link
in the chain's limiting action?
Such a 'knowledge
value-chain for peatland conservation' can trace steps from fundamental
understanding of peatlands all the way to multilevel actions towards
conservation and reduction of emissions.
'We found
that there are four separate parts of an overall knowledge value-chain concept
that links fundamental understanding to action', said Meine van Noordwijk, leading a team of authors in a
recent publication in Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 'and there are several weak links
that need to be strengthened in a complex chain. Coordinated research and
action is needed to achieve positive policy actions and behaviour changes."
The research team had looked at how people's understanding,
willingness, ability and actions towards peatland conservation have progressed over
time. Understanding peat and its processes was the first section in the value chain,
including the fundamental point of agreeing on the definitions of 'peat' and 'peatland'
so that they can be correctly identified and assigned more attention, if
this, different studies had been carried out to develop more accurate ways of
quantifying and attributing emissions from peatlands and yet there was still
room for improvement, especially because peatlands are variable by nature, making
it hard to ensure accurate measurements. In addition, different land uses on
peat also result in differences in emissions.
science may seem easy compared to what it takes to get a globally agreed set of
default values that can be used for transparent emissions' accounting', said Dr van Noordwijk.
The second
section of the chain is the willingness to act to reduce emissions. For
example, in the past, policymakers could not ignore the problem of smoke haze caused
by peatland conversion because its effect on visibility was too obvious.
Conversion without use of fire seemed an acceptable alternative. The invisible
carbon emissions from the conversion and drainage itself could be ignored. However, when emission estimates, mostly from peat drainage and
fires, identified Indonesia as the third-largest
emitter of greenhouse gases there were hardly any Indonesian scientists who had experience and data
to challenge or corroborate the claims.
'Now that
weak link has been strengthened, as
is evident by the four
papers by Indonesian scientists in the REDD-ALERT
special issue. Indonesian policymakersnow acknowledge the importance of
reducing emissions from peatland as part of the broader debate', said Dr van
willingness to act is not enough. Third, relevant authorities need to be able
to influence companies and people to actually reduce emissions. While peatland
conversion appeared to be attractive to companies because it brought less
conflict with local people and their land-right claims
than conversion elsewhere, peatland use now gives oil-palm companies a bad name internationally and potentially affects their
sales. Where the long process of issuing permits has already started, however,
it is not easy for a local government to stop the conversion and reverse permits.
Players at this level need to be aware of how emission reductions are
calculated and valued. Local governments need to secure jobs and revenue, so
alternative scenarios need to meet their expectations.
The fourth section
of the chain is formed by farmers and their communities living in or near
peatlands. Slowing current conversion and redirecting land-use changes without
alternatives that provide improved livelihoods for local people is not
attractive for any policymaker.
'There are
not yet sufficiently viable, alternative uses of peatlands that do not
contribute to higher emissions but provide for local incomes and livelihoods',
said Dr van Noordwijk. 'Thus, the primary focus for this section of the chain needs
to be on testing and improving the various locally developed solutions, such as
agroforestry involving locally adapted trees for which a market exists'.
over the whole length of the knowledge chain, Dr van Noordwijk and colleagues conclude that progress has been made in the first three sections but
peatland countries, such as Indonesia, and international supporters now have to
focus on improving the fourth section.
'If good
science, accurate numbers, a willingness and ability to act on emission
estimates are not accompanied by viable alternatives for local livelihoods then
the ultimate goal of reducing emissions cannot be achieved,' conclude Dr van Noordwijk
and the research team.
Read the article
Van Noordwijk M, Matthews R, Agus F,
Farmer J, Verchot L, Hergoualc'h K, Persch S, Tata HL, Khasanah N, Widayati A,
Dewi S. 2014. Mud, muddle and models in the knowledge value-chain to action on
tropical peatland conservation. Mitigation
and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 19(6).
This work is linked to the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry
By Elizabeth
with the ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins have developed an
innovative, universally applicable framework for assessing REDD+ Readiness.
In a new study
titled, REDD+ Readiness
progress across countries: time for Reconsideration
they take a first step towards conducting readiness assessment in four (4)
countries in order to develop a set of criteria that can be used for similar
process in other countries. The Scientists further conducted a comparative
analysis between these countries – Cameroon, Indonesia, Peru and Vietnam; an
important step that revealed disparities and offers shared lessons, challenges
and experiences. Workshop analysis of the historical deforestation maps for Ucayali. There is need for a rethink of the current REDD+ Readiness infrastructure given the serious gaps observed in addressing drivers of deforestation
there were only three cases of country REDD+ progress documented and criteria
used were specific to the countries studied. It therefore would be inconsistent
if the same method were applied elsewhere, explains Dr Peter Minang', lead
author of the study. "As such, this study is potentially ground breaking
because it is the first time such a framework has been applied uniformly across
countries (note that the world bank has recently developed a framework but that
has not been applied in this way)," he says.
framework provides a criteria of six functions; i) Planning and coordination;
ii) Policies, laws, and institutions; iii) Monitoring, reporting and
verification (MRV) and audit; iv) Financing and investment; v) Benefit sharing;
and, vi) Demonstrations and pilots. The functions are divided further into nine
sub-functions, and given 29 corresponding indicators that can be used to check
and assess readiness at country level. (See details in the paper)
criteria were derived from a process of reviewing guidelines and requirements
provided to countries through mutually agreed multilateral systems of the UN-REDD and the World Bank FCPF; UNFCCC agreements; among other secondary
literature. It was applied in a comparative study analysis through interviews,
literature review and developing a set of indicators in scaled units from which
numerical representation was drawn up to show how the four countries performed
on the different functions. Attempts were made to establish how national
circumstances influenced performance.
Countries varied on how they scored on the
different functions, although all showed progress on planning and coordination
as well as on demonstration and pilots. "Other areas including MRV and audits;
financing, benefit sharing; policies, laws and institutions face major
challenges," says Dr Minang.
was largely determined by national circumstance of the country and forest
governance history. For example, Indonesia scored highest on policy, legal, and
institutional frameworks; an outcome that corresponds with the Environmental Performance Index conducted to
evaluate governance systems and political will towards conservation efforts. The
readiness process place emphasis on the national level but there is need to
focus on the subnational level as operations here determine success at the
national and international levels.
"The study identified lack of policies that
address drivers of deforestation and/or incentives to be a major weakness in
the Readiness process", says Dr Meine vanNoordwijk, one of the study
co-authors, "which makes it hard to
achieve the overall goal of reducing emissions from deforestation.
According to the paper, "there is need for a rethink of
the current REDD+ Readiness infrastructure given the serious gaps observed in
addressing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, linking REDD+ to
broader national strategies and systematic capacity building."
study is a synthesis article in a journal special issue published in Climate Policy.
Tremendous growth in REDD+ pilot and demonstration projects has been
observed following the Bali Action Plan and Cancun agreements. The question is,
how can lessons from such projects be used to enhance national-level REDD+
Readiness processes?
A recent study published in Climate Policy draws on the example of a
case study from Kenya – the Kasigau Corridor REDD+ project – and attempts to shed light on how this
subnational-level private-sector-driven REDD+ project interacts with and
contributes to national-level technical, policy, and institutional readiness
for REDD+. The Kasigau Corridor REDD+ project has managed to bundle up REDD+ implementation with community-level employment opportunities
"The Kasigau Corridor REDD+ project led by
Wildlife Works Carbon was chosen from among many projects in Kenya and Africa
because it is the world's first registered REDD+ project issued with Verified
Carbon Units under the Verified Carbon Standard and is one of the few REDD+
projects currently selling REDD+ credits on the voluntary market," explains Florence
Bernard, Associate Scientist at the World Agroforestry Centre and study lead
From the study, she explains a number of key innovations
brought by the Kasigau Corridor REDD+ Project, including demonstration that REDD+
has potential for implementation in dryland forests. "This is likely to be a
strong incentive for Kenya and other countries to initiate projects in other
dryland forest ecosystems," says Florence Bernard.
According to Bryan Adkins, Director of Regional
Engagement at Wildlife Works Carbon and co-author of the paper, the project has
managed to bundle up REDD+ implementation with community-level employment opportunities,
something that has informed the design of strategy options for addressing
drivers of deforestation and forest degradation while strengthening community
engagement and prioritizing 'pro-poor' REDD+ activities at the national level. "In
addition, there exists a transparent benefit distribution disbursement process
for carbon-derived revenues in Kasigau, on which the national level could
capitalize," says Bryan Adkins.
Another key successful feature of the Kasigau Corridor
project was the ability of Wildlife Works Carbon to negotiate upfront
investments with external private sector and therefore secure start-up capital
needed for initial project implementation and operational costs. "While this
private sector finance model might be of further interest at the project level,
this should also urge the national level on attracting further
private-sector investments in REDD+ pilots and demonstrations projects, especially
at a time of public finance shortage for Readiness and REDD+ in general, as
well as on promoting a more attractive investment climate for private sector "
explains Florence Bernard.
While the national REDD+ Readiness process in
Kenya is beginning to learn and draw from local level projects through such
private sector project lens, dialogue with and between partners is crucial in
order not to miss out on potential benefits from interactions with
subnational-level actors.
The study further emphasizes the need for
developing frameworks and modalities for stakeholder participation, a robust
private sector engagement process, and platforms for cross linkages at
different levels.
The article is available under open access: Florence Bernard, Peter A.
Minang, Bryan Adkins & Jeremy T. Freund (2014): REDD+ projects and
national-level Readiness processes: a case study from Kenya, Climate policy, DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2014.905440
link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2014.905440


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Lake Ägeri is nestled in a hilly moraine landscape and offers a wide range of hiking, mountain biking and water sports activities. Its shores were the site of the famous Battle of Morgarten in 1315, the first battle between the Confederates and the Habsburgs.
Puffing we head on and up in Brienz, while ascending in a second climb from Sörenberg. On the south side with steam since 1892, and aboard large cabins on the mountain railway from the north.
Impressive views as seen from the Piz Palü – above Bellavista and on to Piz Bernina. Simply stand back and marvel, or delight in some kind of adventure: Diavolezza is the perfect spot for both.


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Flash flooding washes out roads
HUNTINGTON Flash flooding Wednesday afternoon made a number of roads impassable in Huntington and Hinesburg.
The Burlington Free Press reported a Vermont State Police dispatcher said the flooding washed out parts of a road in Huntington, stranding a woman and two children who were traveling on the road.
Parts of Chittenden and Washington counties were under a flash flood warning until Wednesday evening.
The state activated its emergency operations center in Waterbury to respond to any requests for resources.
The flooded or washed-out roads included Hayden Hill, Meadow and Texas Hill roads in Hinesburg and Sherman Hollow and Happy Hollow roads and East Street in Huntington.MORE IN This Just InNEW YORK Emergency workers found a body Sunday in the mass of rubble left behind by an apparent... Full StoryHALIFAX, Nova Scotia An Air Canada plane made a hard landing short of the runway at the Halifax... Full StoryWASHINGTON The National Security Agency considered abandoning its secret program to collect and... Full Story
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To provide drinking and irrigation water to the three grama panchayats of Attappady Hills, the water starved tribal heartland of the district, 379 water conservation projects have been started under the MGNREGS.
The water conservation projects were mainly the renovation of ponds and construction of check dams in the 46 wards of the grama panchayats of Pudur, Agali and Sholayur, said P.V. Radhakrishnan, Project Officer of Attappady Block.
In these three grama panchayats, 231 ponds were being renovated and 85 check dams constructed. A sum of Rs.2.68 crore would be spent from the drought relief scheme, he said.


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941 Old Rock Hill RoadWallingford, CT 06492(203) 269-9100
Holy Week begins on Palm Sunday, March 29. Two worship services - 8:30 am and 10:30 pm will commemorate Jesus' procession into Jerusalem. And the start of the journey to the cross and His resurrection.
The Holy Thursday service, beginning at 6:00 pm, April 2, We will have a model Seder with a simple meal. Re-creating the Last Supper of Jesus and his disciples, and ending with a short service in the Sactuary with the stripping of the sanctuary in preparation for the solemnity of our savior's arrest and crucifixion.
Chuck Knows Church explains... Maundy Thursday
The Service of the Cross on Good Friday, at 3:00 pm, commemorates the suffering and death of Jesus, and explores its meaning, with a special focus on the places and ways that goodness and innocence are threatened today.
Good Friday
The Easter Vigil will be observed from the end of the Good Friday service until Easter morning. The church will remain open for prayer and meditation, with optional materials provided to guide and direct personal devotions.
On Easter Sunday the service of the resurrection, again a consolidated one, beginning at 10:00 am, will consist of rejoicing, worship, praise, prayer, singing, the reception of new members, and Holy Communion.
Join us in celebrating our Risen Lord!
We are Easter People!
After Easter on April 12th Our Sunday services will return to 8:30 am and 10:30 am
Introduction to the New Testament – Adult Sunday School
This series will introduce the student to the New Testament as both classic and canon. We will discuss how social, political, economic and historical situations shaped the development of the writings of the New Testament, as well as how the traditions and tensions of early faith communities contributed to the emergence of the beliefs and theology reflected in the New Testament.
Classes are on Sundays, from 9:30 until 10:15, and everyone is invited to attend. Instructor: Sheila Peiffer
Qur'an Reading Group
To better acquaint ourselves with Islam and our Muslim neighbors, Carl W. Ernst, a professor of religious studies at the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill), and author of the landmark book How to Read the Qur'an, is going to be our guide through a series of its verses.
Our goal is to get a sense of this book, which is sacred to almost 1 billion people around the world. We will access the materials on line and set up a place where we can post comments and responses to questions and discussion threads. If the group decides, we can also meet and plan to invite speakers, and/or a field trip to a local mosque.
If you are interested, here is the introductory material and a link to the quran online, Reading the Quran
Worship with Communion 8:30 am
Sunday School for all ages 9:15 am
Choir Practice 9:30 am
Worship 10:30 am
See the ushers for one this week!
Check out our facebook page.. 1st Wallingford Facebook Page
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Verizon CFO expects little Q3 iPhone margin fall-out
NEW YORK (Reuters) – Verizon Wireless will not take a big hit to its wireless profit margins this quarter from the Apple Inc iPhone 5 launch this month, according to Fran Shammo, chief financial officer of parent company Verizon Communications.
And the short-term revenue decline from the company's new data share plans will be less than Shammo had feared because customers are buying bigger buckets of data than it had expected, the executive said during an investor webcast on Wednesday.
Since #Apple's already unveiling iPhone 5 wondering what its kicker device will be at this event
Texas Instruments warns of weakening chip demand
NEW YORK (Reuters) – Texas Instruments Inc (TXN.O: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) said on Tuesday that chip demand this quarter would be at the low end of its expectations due to weak markets such as Europe, realizing investor fears.
The maker of chips for products ranging from cellphones to cars was able to maintain its financial targets for the quarter only due to an insurance payment, cost cuts and better than expected sales in its declining wireless business.
Nokia Siemens eyes Huawei's No. 2 market position for 2013
NEW YORK (Reuters) – Nokia Siemens Networks expects to jump to second place in the global wireless network equipment market for the full year 2013, ahead of arch-rival Huawei Technologies Co, according to a top Nokia Siemens executive.
Nokia Siemens, a venture of Finland's Nokia Oyj (NOK1V.HE: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) and Germany's Siemens AG (SIEGn.DE: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz), trails Huawei HWT.UL in the global mobile network equipment market, which is led by Ericsson (ERICb.ST: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz). The venture has had to undertake a massive restructuring this year as it struggled to make a profit due to customer consolidation and aggressive price competition.
"@ReutersMedia: Amazon's new high-end tablet lacks FCC approval for sale http://t.co/J534Bcd2″ with Alistair Barr
Amazon's new high-end tablet lacks FCC approval for sale
By Alistair Barr and Sinead Carew
(Reuters) – Amazon.com Inc trumpeted cutting-edge wireless technology as a key selling point for the fanciest of the new Kindle devices introduced by CEO Jeff Bezos on Thursday. There's just one problem: the devices have not yet been approved for sale by the Federal Communications Commission.
FCC approval is required for wireless communications products, to assure that they operate safely and won't improperly interfere with other signals.
HTC eyes sales boost for Windows phones
NEW YORK (Reuters) – HTC Corp has high hopes that Microsoft Corp software will boost its smartphone sales due to a strong new design and support from wireless service providers, according to Jason Mackenzie, HTC's president of sales and marketing.
Taiwan's HTC, which derives most of its revenue from phones based on Google Inc' Android software, is currently facing a sharp sales decline as it struggles to compete with iPhone maker Apple Inc and Android rivals such as Samsung Electronics.


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We are delighted to reveal another highly detailed map for the upcoming American Civil War wargame Brother Against Brother: the Drawing of the Sword!
The Battle of Wilson's Creek represents one of the first battles fought in the Mississippi Theatre and it was seen as a great springboard for the further Confederate operations in the region.
As we did for the previous Battle of Manassas, we are giving alongside the map also a 20 page PDF booklet with the precise description of the forces on the battlefield with the proper order of battle!
Today we are excited to announce that Sovereignty will enter Steam Early Access on April the 9th!
Slitherine, Gothic Labs and The Lordz Games Studio really see Early Access as a unique opportunity to gather relevant feedback on all parts of the game and enhance it accordingly. This epic fantasy strategy game is a rather ambitious project and we thought that the community would be the best source of inspiration to take the game where it deserves to be.
Sovereignty has been in development for 3 years now, so the content provided is already very rich and players can have a complete play through with all of the realms and campaigns available!
Do you hear the noise? Deal of the Week is back wilder than ever! Drums of War is savagely discounted!
During this week you'll be able to lead your army against the onslaught at only $ 9.99!
Drums of War is a turn-based tactical strategy game boasting well developed combat system and interactive environment, providing wide opportunities for tactics.
You play the role of a hero-leader. As the campaigns unfold the size of your armies can increase by up to 16 varied units. By participating in battles, all of the units become more experienced while naturally getting stronger. Players have the ability to hire new recruits, buy potions and distribute artefacts obtained in battles between fights!
"The only true rule for cavalry is to follow the enemy as long as he retreats"- Stonewall Jackson
Good news for you, American Civil War fans!
As the release date of Brother Against Brother: the Drawing of the Sword approaches, we have a lot to share with you. One of the key features of the game is the incredible attention to detail and realism that was put to recreate the historical battle maps. So from now until release, we will give you the opportunity to let you browse them, discover them, own them and more!
We will start with the 1st Manassas battle map. This huge image has been slightly reduced to allow you to check it out online, but you can also download the fully blown thing alongside a 20 page PDF booklet with the battle history and the full in-game order of battle. Download it here if you want to be blown away!
"The enemy must be annihilated before he reaches our main battlefield. We must stop him in the water, destroying all his equipment while it is still afloat!"(1944 - Erwin Rommel)
The definitive wargame of the Western Front is updated to version 1.00.21! New contents and features are now fully integrated to give the game a more detailed perspective. For instance Italian reinforcements are now allowed prior to July 43 (in the past they were not allowed until after Italy had surrendered) and with this version it's more difficult to reach very high interdiction values.
The list is very long, so be sure to check the full changelog here.
The patch can be downloaded here
But this time the good news is not finished, because alongside the update we are very happy to announce that an expansion of the base game focused on the attempts of the Allies to open a second front in Europe prior to Overlord is now ready to enter the beta phase! And we ask players to help us test it by enlisting for the beta here
Good news soldiers!
As the release date is approaching, we think it's high time to share more visuals and information about Order of Battle: Pacific. There's no better way than a comprehensive AAR to delve into details and see what the game can really offer. That is why Lukas (game designer) and Dave (AI programmer) work hand in hand during 20 turns in the sultry Philippines against a very capable Japanese AI!
We are in December 1941 and the Japanese army is starting its invasion of the Philippines. Only few US units are available in this sector and have no chance of repelling the enemy. However, they can surely delay them. And the longer they resist, the better the US army will be able to strike back! But will Dave and Lukas cooperate effectively during 20 stressful turns?
Release Date: 19 MAR 2015
Lead the mighty Salamanders through the 2nd War for Armageddon against the Ork Waaagh in 10 absorbing missions. Protect civilians and refugees and ensure the Orks feel Vulkans Wrath.
Release Date: 12 MAR 2015
Buzz Aldrin's Space Program Manager (SPM) is the ultimate game of space exploration. In mid 1950s and the biggest nations in the world, in an effort to conquer outer space together, have established the Global Space Agency (GSA). You are in charge. It's your duty to carefully manage the agency's budget by opening programs, spending R&D funds on improving the hardware, recruiting personnel and astronauts and launching space missions in this realistic turn based strategy game.
Release Date: 5 MAR 2015
It is 1965 and the US ground war in Vietnam is in full swing. As a US Army commander, wage a counter-insurgency (COIN) war to secure the Ia Drang valley, on the border with Cambodia. In order to win the Hearts and Minds of the local population you will need to search for and destroy the Vietcong (VC) insurgents, who infiltrate from the Ho Chi Minh trail and destabilize the province by intimidating the locals, laying mines and ambushing your forces.
Release Date: 5 MAR 2015
It is 1965 and the US ground war in Vietnam is in full swing. As a US Army commander, wage a counter-insurgency (COIN) war to secure the Ia Drang valley, on the border with Cambodia. In order to win the Hearts and Minds of the local population you will need to search for and destroy the Vietcong (VC) insurgents, who infiltrate from the Ho Chi Minh trail and destabilize the province by intimidating the locals, laying mines and ambushing your forces.
Release Date: 26 FEB 2015
Hell is a turn-based tactical skirmish strategy game developed by award winning developer Hunted Cow in partnership with Slitherine.
Release Date: 24 FEB 2015
To End All Wars: Breaking the Deadlock is the first expansion to the most detailed World War One wargame ever created. Adding 5 completely new scenarios, this expansion aims to vastly increase the content in-game, giving players the option to focus on specific campaigns in Italy, the Balkans and even the Middle-East.
Release Date: 20 FEB 2015
FREE DLC! As the 2nd War for Armageddon rages on, you are called to rise up once again in defence of humanity against the Xenos threat. Be prepared to face new challenges as you fight your way through five new scenarios set on the aptly named world of Armageddon.
Release Date: 29 JAN 2015
In the age of Pike and Shot, mighty struggles erupted across Europe for causes religious, political or dynastic. The Thirty Years War raged across Germany and beyond, leaving devastation in its wake, but saw the rise of great commanders such as Count Tilly, Wallenstein and King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and rapid developments in battlefield tactics.
Release Date: 9 DEC 2014
Available on iPad, iPhone, Android and PC! 6 June 1944 D-day is the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied western Europe during World War II. You command the Allied forces through some of the most famous battles of the war, freeing Europe from the hands of the German Army.
Released : 31 MAR 2015
Wilson's Creek Map and Book
Released : 18 MAR 2015
Version 1.05 Available
Reviewed: 12 MAR 2015
App Review Central
"...this is not a cheap game but for this price you get a game that you will play for hours"


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NZXT Sentry Mesh 30W Fan Controller Review - Specifications, Availability and PricingPerforated mesh with round holes has faced the front of many of the chassis' we have seen as of late. Not missing the opportunity, NZXT unveils the Sentry Mesh fan controller to blend right in.
Specifications, Availability and Pricing
The NZXT Sentry Mesh five channel fan controller is made to be housed in a 5.25" bay in any case. Due to the Mesh part of the naming, you are right to assume that the face of this controller is made with a steel mash plate covering the mostly ABS plastic body and fame. Both the Mesh and the plastic tub are black and NZXT carried this coloring right on to the cables to make it easy to hide inside of any chassis. The five separate channels are adjusted with a slider. On the bottom the fan controller produces between 4.68V and 4.70 depending on which line I was measuring. The top end of the slider delivers between 11.88V and 11.95V, again depending on which of the five 3-pin fan power leads I was using. Speaking of power leads, the Sentry Mesh comes with a long 4-pin Molex adapter to give the fans and the controller its power, totaling 30 Watts across the units five channels.
Going a little deeper in detail, the unit ships with its own set of mounting screws that match the threaded inserts set into the plastic frame of the unit. I mentioned that they deliver the Sentry Mesh with all black wiring. Continuing in their detail, they are each 27" long and will give you the ability to connect fans in even the largest of cases. The Molex connection is at the end of a 26" lead, and again gives you plenty of line to hide this connection too. While all of the wiring runs under a latch of sorts to keep the wiring near the motherboard tray, NZXT also adds a wire tie acting as a strain relief just in case you try to pull the wiring too far while making all the connections. This will keep you from accidentally damaging the PCB of the controller or just as bad, destroying a fan header.
Pricing for the NZXT Sentry Mesh has been posted just about everywhere. NZXT has set a MSRP of $24.99 in the US, and to be honest, I paid close to that for a used controller which arrived with a few dead channels. In my mind the pricing seems to be shot on! The only issue at the moment is that while I type this there aren't any retailers showing stock of this controller yet. With the release of this fan controller being just the other day, I expect these to be hitting stores soon, as I'm sure they are shipping in quantity as I bring the Sentry Mesh to you in this review. Just double checking with Google, I was right! The only hit I got was for Xoxide.com with MSRP pricing, but they aren't in stock at this time!
- Page 1 [Introduction]
- Page 2 [Specifications, Availability and Pricing]
- Page 3 [Packaging, Accessories and Documentation]
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