text:
Novel juniper extract materials, having some surfactant properties and other properties, are useful in the thinning of heavy oily, greasy secretions and giving symptom relief in human acne and other conditions of thickened secretions and can be used in a variety of treatment modes, both topical and systemic.
1. A process for recovering a crude secretion-changing composition active for oily skin, acne or other conditions, from a source of juniper berries which process comprises:
(a) rupturing juniper berries;
(b) extracting the crushed juniper berries with an extraction vehicle; and
(c) recovering the crude composition.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the juniper berries are mechanically ruptured.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the extraction vehicle comprises deionized water at a temperature of about 50�-100� C.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the crude anti-acne preparation can enhance the wetability of human skin or hair.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the crude anti-acne preparation can enhance the wetability of human skin or hair and change its texture.
6. A powder anti-acne treatment composition comprising:
(a) about 0.10-10 wt % of the product of claim 19; and
(b) a major proportion of a powder support material capable of absorbing sebacious oils.
7. The powder treatment composition of claim 6 in the form of a compressed powder stick.
8. A liquid anti-acne treatment composition comprising:
(a) about 0.1 to 10 wt % of the product of claim 19; and
(b) a liquid diluent.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the liquid diluent comprises an aqueous diluent or an organic diluent.
10. The liquid treatment composition of claim 9 wherein the organic treatment diluent comprises a C1-5 alkanol, acetone, ethylacetate, or mixtures thereof.
11. An anti-acne treatment composition in the form of a gel which comprises:
(a) about 0.1-10 wt % of the product of claim 19;
(b) an effective amount of the gelling agent; and
(c) a major proportion of a diluent.
12. An aerosol spray anti-acne treatment composition which comprises:
(a) about 0.1-10 wt % of a cyclopolygalacturonic acid compound; and
(b) a volatile diluent.
13. The spray treatment composition of claim 12 wherein the composition additionally comprises a volatile propellant.
14. A process for recovering a crude secretion-changing composition active for oily skin, acne or other conditions, from a source of juniper berries which process comprises:
(a) contacting ruptured juniper berries with an acidified aqueous alcoholic extraction medium containing about 0.01 to 5 wt % of a surface; and
(b) separating the extraction medium containing the composition from the berries.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein the separation is by use of filtration.
16. The process of claim 14 wherein the aqueous alcoholic medium comprises an aqueous-isopropyl alcohol medium containing 10-90 wt % isopropyl alcohol.
17. The process of claim 14 wherein the medium is acidified with 4 wt % aqueous acetic acid.
18. The process of claim 14 wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
19. An anti-acne product comprising the product of the process of claim 5.
This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 057,166, filed June 2, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,898,852.
The invention relates to novel extract compositions and their use topically in cosmetic or palliative treatment of human skin and hair and systemically in other conditions. More particularly, the invention relates to novel extract compositions that can be used topically in the form of a spray, topical liquid, topical gel or cream, ointment or mask, a composition that can be nebulized, or a composition in the form of a compressed or flowable powder. More particularly, the invention relates to a novel dermopharmaceutical composition that has shown particular value in the cosmetic or palliative treatment of thick oily or greasy skin secretions with beneficial effects in acne or other related dermal lesions. It also relates to methods of isolating this extract.
Acne (acne vulgarous) is a chronic disorder of the skin generally confined to face, neck, chest, and back. Primary acne lesions appear as horny plugs (blackheads) which later can develop into pink papules, pustules, or nodules. The nodules can be tender, acute, localized collections of pus deep in the dermis. Large pustular lesions may develop and break down adjacent tissues to form lakes of pus, sinuses and, in certain cases, characteristic pitted scars. Tests have shown that heredity is a major predisposing factor in the disease which is described as polygenic (some defects are caused by a group of genes) and is difficult to clearly delineate heredity effects. Acne typically has a puberty or post-puberty onset wherein pilosebaceous units enlarge and produce sebum. Acne can occur when an excess of sebum is produced or when the folicular openings are too small to permit the escape of increased sebum flow, or when sebum is too thick to be expelled from the folicular openings, or under all three conditions. The duration of acne vulgarous after onset is highly variable and can persist into and through the fourth decade of life, but typically peaks during the teen years and typically terminates in the third decade of life. A number of different treatments have been proposed, however, none have met with uniform success.
Clearly a substantial need exists for effective treatments of acne and related skin disorders that can reduce or alleviate the unsightly aspect of the skin disorder.
I have discovered a novel cosmetic or palliative dermopharmaceutical composition for treatment of human skin and hair disease.
I have also found that the administration of one or more of the compositions of the invention to human patients having a skin disorder can provide some relief of symptoms including removal of blackheads, reduction in size of acne lesions, improving the flow characteristics of sebum, and improved rates of healing. I have also found that other human hair and skin diseases can be effectively treated.
The formulations of the anti-acne treatment compositions of the invention can take the form of a powder or compressed powder, a topical liquid, a topical gel, a topical spray, or a mask-like material. Such materials can be dispersed or suspended in an aqueous, organic or inorganic medium.
The novel cosmetic and dermopharmaceutical compositions of the invention that I have developed for the treatment of human skin and hair disease comprise, typically, an extract of the plant source containing the cyclopolysaccharic acid. The compound or the extract can be combined in a medium for application to the human body with other active compositions (anti-acne or otherwise) that can cooperate with the cyclopolysaccharic acid compound or extract to treat human hair and skin.
The cyclopolysaccharic acids of this invention can be an extract obtained from natural sources.
I have found that the cyclopolysaccharic acid compound can be obtained by fractionation of plant sources. I have found that the compounds of the invention occur naturally in relatively high concentration, particularly in juniper berries. The term "saccharic acid" in this invention means a mono saccharide in a furanose or pyranose ring structure having a carboxyl group, preferably, the 6-carbon atom is in the form of a carboxyl group. Saccharic acids that can be included in the cyclic polymers of the invention include α-D-glucopyranosic acid, α-D-mannopyranosic acid, α-D-fructofuranosic, other similar acids and mixtures thereof, said acids having the following formulae: ##STR1## Such polymers are typically formed by (1→4), (2→4), (1→3), (2→3) linkages between the monosaccharic acid units to form the cyclic polymer.
The preferred cyclopolysaccharic acid comprises a molecule made of a 6 carbon cyclopyranose saccharic acid. The most preferred compound comprises a molecule of the formulae: ##STR2## wherein n is greater than 4 and preferably n is an integer of 5 to 10. The most preferred compound is a cyclopolygalacturonic acid compound of the invention which comprises a cyclobeta-D-(+) polygalacturonic acid having 5 or galacturonic acid units of the formula: ##STR3## wherein n=1 to 4.
The most preferred cyclopolygalacturonic acid compositions of the invention are preferably obtained from natural crushed or ruptured juniper berry sources through a hot aqueous extraction from the natural source. A subsequent purification of the material can be used if desired for reasons related to product appearance.
In somewhat greater detail, the preferred compounds of the invention can be obtained from crushed presoaked berries using a 24-hour boiling water Soxhlet extraction procedure utilizing 1200 milliliters of water and 200 grams of the crushed berries. Typically, the initial extraction procedure results in 1 to 2 grams of semipurified material containing the active cyclopolygalacturonic acid compounds. At least a 24-hour extraction appears to be required to fully extract active material from the source. Further, the presoaking period appears to permit natural enzyme action which appears to make the cyclopolygalacturonic acid compounds more available to boiling water extraction. After the aqueous extraction is complete, an acidified (pH 3-5) aqueous preparation of the compound is extracted with moderately polar organic solvents to remove small amounts of natural fats and oils in the aqueous extract. The fat-free aqueous concentrate is separated into components using a chromatographic component separation. I have found that reverse-phase chromatography provides purest active material. In this technique, constituents are separated according to their relative hydrophobicity (or polarity) and tested for activity. The reverse phase chromatography enables the ready separation of simple sugars from the aqueous solution by elution while retaining the materials of mixed polarity including the cyclopolygalacturonic acids. A later elution with a methanol/water cosolvent material (typically greater than 40 volume % methanol) successfully elutes the cyclopolygalacturonic acid compositions. After elution, active material can be precipitated by addition of methanol to a concentrated aqueous extract. After precipitation, subsequent reverse-phase chromatography can be applied to reduce the free monocarbohydrate or oligosaccharide content of the cyclopolygalacturonic acid fractions. It is clear that, using these procedures, relatively purified cyclopolygalacturonic acid compounds have been obtained in view of the compound characterization that follows.
In extracting the cyclopolygalacturonic acid components of the invention, it became apparent that the components' ability to hold strongly to the solids of the juniper berry material, glass containers, and filtering materials must be defected to allow recovery of the components in the filtrates. It was found that boiling crushed juniper berries in 50%/50% isopropyl alcohol-water, acidifying with 4% aqueous, acetic acid, and adding an aqueous 2% surfactant, allowed good recovery of the active principle of juniper berries when the resultant mixture was filtered without cooling the boiling mixture.
The following description of the compounds of this invention examines the product of the purified extraction procedure.
The molecular structure assigned to the active class of compounds of the invention has been obtained using spectroscopic analysis, elemental analysis, chemical enzyme and enzymatic modification, interpretation of chromatographic behavior, and observation of the effects of the composition on the surface tension of aqueous solutions. I have concluded that the biologically active molecule is an acidic polysaccharide, related to pectin (a linear polygalacturonic acid). No evidence of active fatty acids or hydrocarbon glycosides (i.e., saponin or otherwise), or a nitrogen-containing material (an amino acid or an amino sugar) is shown. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, both proton and carbon (1 H- and 13 C-spectroscopy), support a carbohydrate structure with no aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon substituents. Infrared analysis supports the polyhydroxy structure. Elemental analysis shows that elements other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen appear to be absent. From acid base reactions, the material appears to have an acidic functionality and, through reaction with commercial pectinase preparation, the composition appears to comprise a polygalacturonic acid sequence. A cyclic structure is suggested by its tendency to associate with a variety of compounds and surfaces.
The presence of carboxylate groups on the molecule suggests the possibility that the compound may be absorbed directly in the stomach (at low pH, suppression of dissociation of the proton maximizes direct absorption into the lining of the stomach). This characteristic would be advantageous in that effective levels in blood could be achieved through oral administration instead of cumbersome intravenous injection in humans. Indeed, I have found that oral ingestion of the compound resulted in promoting the mobilization and the expulsion of the thick inspisated secretions of sinus congestion and asthma.
In addition to the unique cyclopolygalucturonic acid compound and other active acne treatment compounds, the compositions of the invention can include any cosmetic vehicle which does not reduce the properties of the active materials of the composition. Such ingredients, which can be used in the topical treatment and compositions of the invention to provide aesthetic and cosmetic benefits and to facilitate administration and treatment, include emollients, such as hydrocarbon oils and waxes, lanolin and lanolin derivatives, silicone oils, triglyceride esters, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, alkyl and alkenyl esters of fatty acids, polyhydric alcohols, polyester derivatives, and wax esters and beeswax derivatives. Such emollients preferably comprise from 10 percent to as much as 90 percent of the compositions. Such materials can act as the diluent or base into which the active ingredients are blended for treatment.
A desirable class of emulsifiers used in the compositions of the invention, which can be used in amounts of from 1 to 10 percent or more of the compositions, include many natural emulsifiers such as fatty acid monoglycerides, fatty alcohols, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycols, and polypropylene glycols, anionic emulsifiers, such as alkyl ethoxy ether sulfonates, ammonium alkyl sulfates, and fatty acid soaps; and cationic emulsifiers, such as quaternary ammomium, morpholinium, and pyridinium compounds.
Chelating agents such as EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetate acid), nitrilotriacetic acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, and salts thereof, preferably at a low of 0.1 to 5 weight percent of the compositions may be used to reduce the effect of metal ions on the decomposition of any active ingredient in the material.
Optional ingredients used in the treatment compositions of the invention include highly divided sulfur (USP grade) at a level of 1-15 weight percent, thickening agents such as polyacrylic acid, crosslinked carboxyl polyethylene polymers, tragcanth gum, kharava, and polyethylene glycols at a level of about 1-5 percent of the compositions. Trace amounts of fragrance materials, such as perfumes and dyes, can be used. The composition can be diluted with water or other volatile or nonvolatile solvents or diluents to obtain the desired viscosity.
The treatment compositions can be a topical powder-treatment material. Such powder-treatment materials typically contain 0.1 to 10 weight percent of the extract material containing the cyclopolygalacturonic acid compounds of the invention in conjunction with other anti-acne materials in a solid powder or powder stick. The powder or powder-stick material is developed by blending the active ingredients into a powder support which can then be packaged as a free-flowing, easily-applied powder, or compressed into a stick which can be rubbed onto the effected area for treatment. The powder absorbent is a powdered substance which will function when applied to the skin, in particular on the face, in absorbing excess moisture derived from sebaceous secretions and perspiration. The combined effect of the active anti-acne ingredients of the invention, in conjunction with the powder, reduces the impact of build-up of liquid materials derived from sebacious secretions on the skin and obtains acne treatment from the anti-acne compositions. Such a cooperative combination achieves its desired or proper balance of cleanliness and anti-acne properties, avoiding either greasy or excessively dry skin. The powder-absorbent material should have the ability to absorb at least twice its weight of oil, or at least its own weight in aqueous moisture. The particle size of the powder material is not critical with respect to its treatment capacity, however, the particle size could not exceed one hundred microns, and should have particle size ranging from 10 to 90 microns to increase its cosmetic acceptability and anti-acne properties. Preferred powder absorbent compositions include urea formaldehyde foam materials, fumed silica, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, kieselguhr, kaolin, talc, starch, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, clays, including smectites, montmorillonite, hectorite, and others; dry protein powders, including dried collagen; and anionic polyelectrolytes, such as crosslinked etherified starch, polyacrylic acid, polyamide/epichlorohydrin materials, etc.
The simplest topical preparation of the anti-acne material of the invention is a powdered admixture. A suitable exemplified preparation is as follows:
______________________________________Ingredient Percentage______________________________________Juniper Extract 1%Benzoyl peroxide 1-10%Powder Base Balance______________________________________
The above ingredients can be intimately mixed and dusted onto an affected skin area from 1 to 4 times daily. The powder can be compressed into a compact or stick.
If a liquid preparation is desired, the following is a simplified composition which can be made and applied from 1 to 4 times daily as a lotion.
______________________________________Ingredient Percentage______________________________________Juniper Extract 1%Erythromycin 1 wt %Ethanol diluent QS______________________________________
Other examples which are representative of the invention are a lotion which can be prepared as follows:
______________________________________Ingredient Percent______________________________________Hydrocortisone 0.5 wt %Juniper Extract 0.5Fatty alcohol 25.5Polyethylene glycol 5.0molecular weight 1,000Preservatives 0.7Volatile vehicle 67.8______________________________________
A cream material can be prepared as follows:
______________________________________Ingredient Percent______________________________________Ethoxylated fatty alcohol 15.0Fatty alcohol 1.25Isopropylmyrstate 5.0Preservatives 0.1Polyoxyl 40 stearate 0.25Deionized water 60.3Propylene glycol 3.0Benzoyl peroxide 4.0Juniper Extract 1.0Acetone 10.0Dioctyl sodium 0.1sulfosuccinate______________________________________
A suitable, simplified preparation of a gel-topical treatment material is as follows:
______________________________________Ingredient Percent______________________________________Deionized water 55.65Colloidal Bentonite 2.5Polyacrylic acid 1.0Dioctyl sodium 1.0sulfosuccinateDiisopropynol amine 0.75Ethyl alcohol 34.0Butylated hydroxy 0.1anisoles13-cis-retinoic acid 2.5Juniper extract 2.5______________________________________
Retinol (Vitamin A) and retinoic acid (Vitamin A acid) and its isomers and certain of its analogs can have beneficial effects in the treatment of acne and other hair and skin disorders. A variety of retinol and retinoic acid compounds are known, however, 13-cis-retinoic acid is preferred for treatment of cystic and conglobate acne.
The novel treatment compositions of the invention can contain an erthyromycin composition including erythromycin, A, B or C. These typically differ in the carbohydrate portions of the molecule. A variety of other erythromycin groups are known, including erythromycin estole, erythromycin glucoheptone, erythromycin lactobionate, erythromycin propionate, erythromycin stearate, and others.
Aloe vera has been identified as being an effective anti-irritant in the treatment compositions of the invention. U.S. Pharmacopeae identifies aloe as the dried latex of the leaves of the plant aloe barbadensis. The chemistry of aloe vera has been investigated over the past few years, however, the compositions of aloe vera have not been fully elucidated. Aloe vera apparently includes polysaccharides, enzymes, trace sugars, calcium oxalate, proteins, hormones, trace metals and other compositions.
The following table contains a number of active pharmaceutical agents that can be used to obtain a cooperative treatment effect with the compositions of the invention.
______________________________________Ingredient Typical Concentration Effect______________________________________Coal Tar Extract 1-5% Psoriasis TreatmentAllantoin 0.1-1% Skin TreatmentGlycerin 1-10% Skin TreatmentCamomile Extract 1-5% Anti-Itch TreatmentButabenpicrate 1-5% AnestheticProvidone-Iodine 1-5% AntisepticBactimycin 0.1-1% AntibioticDiethyltoluamide 1-10% Insect RepellantPapain 0.1-1% Psoriasis______________________________________
I have shown that cyclopolygalacturonic acids possess anti-acne and antifacial lesion activity in human subjects. The effective dosage of the cyclopolygalacturonic acids is about 0.001 to 50 milligrams, preferably about 0.01 to 5 milligrams, per kilogram of body weight and is appliable to human subjects in topical form, as a powder, liquid, gel spray, lotion, cream, etc. The treatment formats of the compositions of the invention can contain inert fillers, enabling the manufacturer to readily dispense the compositions in active form with inert fillers include lactose, mannitol, sucrose, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose gums, methyl cellulose, cornstarch, alginic acid, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, carbowax, and others.
The following Examples are provided to support an understanding of the invention and to include a best mode.
205 grams of juniper berries were crushed and soaked in distilled water for 2 weeks. The soaking water was removed and the crushed berries were placed in a large scale Soxhlet extraction apparatus (said apparatus containing a condenser, extractor and a heated round bottom flask) containing 1200 milliliters of distilled water. Heating was initiated and a boiling water extraction continued for 24 hours. The aqueous Soxhlet extract was removed from the Soxhlet extractor and extracted twice with ethyl acetate (2400 milliliters and 1600 milliliters aliquots). The organic layer was separated and discarded. The aqueous phase was placed in a 4 liter Erlenmeyer flask and into the aqueous composition was placed 3000 milliliters of methanol. A precipitate was formed which was filtered. The methanolic solution was evaporated. The total material obtained in the filtrate and the residue after evaporation totalled 14.72 grams. The filtrate and residue was subject to carbohydrate thin layer chromatography which revealed that both compositions were chemically similar having components at RF of about 0.55 and baseline residue.
A reverse-phase chromatography column was packed with 50 grams of C18 coated support. The combined samples were placed on the column and washed with about 250 milliliters of water. The water collection was fraction 1. The column was washed with a 50 volume % methanol/water solution and the elution was collected in 5 equal fractions (fractions 2-6) totalling approximately 900 milliliters. Lastly, the column was washed with 100% methanol, collected in 4 fractions (fractions 7-10) totalling 600 milliliters. Fraction 3 appeared to have the maximum treatment activity and the minimum surface tension in aqueous solution of 50 milligrams of the material and 50 milliliters of water. The surface tension was about 50.6 dynes per centimeter. Unconverted distilled water measured 60.5 dynes/cm.
______________________________________Elemental Analyses(M-H-W Laboratories, Phoenix, Arizona):Element Percent Calculated Percent Found______________________________________C 37.1 46.0H 5.2 5.7O 57.7 48.3______________________________________
The compound was soluble in water, insoluble in methanol, and insoluble in ethyl acetate and chloroform. Treatment of the composition with pectinase changes its properties, implying a polygalacturonic acid sequence structure.
The infrared spectrum of the composition gave absorbences of the following wave numbers (cm-1): 3400S, 2930M, 2110W, 1730M, 1620M, 1510M, 3810M, 1250M, 1150M, 1110M, 1040S, 805M, 700W, 6150W.
The 1 H-NMR (proton magnetic resonance spectrum) of the polycyclogalacturonic acid compounds at 300 Megahertz is shown in FIG. 1. The proton spectrum was observed on a NICOLET magnetic resonance spectrophotometer on a solution (CA 0.5 milliliters of an approximate concentration of 50 milligrams per milliliters of the sample of the compound in a denatured water (D2 O) solvent. The spectrum was calibrated against an internal standard: DDS [3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propane sulfonic acid, sodium salt)] and frequencies recorded in parts per million downfield from the standard.
The 13 C-NMR spectrum of the compounds of the invention are shown in FIG. 2 of the Drawings. The 13 C-NMR spectrum was observed on a Brooker UM-250 spectrometer on a solution (about 0.5 milliliters of an approximately 50 milligrams per milliliter solution of the sample of the compound in a D2 O:solvent). The spectrum was calibrated against an internal DDS standard and frequencies were recorded in parts per million downfield from the standard.
I believe that the compounds of this invention, through their secretion thinning and mobilizing effect, can be useful in treating the following conditions: hyaline membrane disease in infants for the purpose of increasing oxygen transfer over the hyaline membrane in newborns and premature infants; cystic fibrosis to loosen up the thick, heavy mucous that forms in the lungs; asthma; chronic bronchitis; chronic obstructive lung disease or emphysema; serious otitis media and sinus congestion and pneumonia.
Additionally, dermal conditions may benefit from this preparation for improving the softness and wrinkling of normal skin, reduction in the oiliness of skin, improvement in seborrhea, psoriasis and eczema.
The compositions of the invention appear to be attracted to surface characteristics. As a result, aqueous solutions of the composition tend to lose potency as the active ingredient tends to plate onto the surfaces of containers. Most successful topical preparations appear to be in the form of a zinc oxide preparation in a petroleum base. It appears that the zinc oxide cooperates with the polycyclogalacturonic acid composition to prevent separation and surface association.
The active compositions which have been tested comprise 500 milligrams of the cyclopolygalacturonic acid compounds formed in Example 1 in 99.5 grams of an ointment base containing 25 wt % zinc oxide, 25 wt % starch and 50 wt % white petroleum. Also tested was a preparation of the juniper berry containing the cyclopolygalacturonic acid compound prepared by boiling the crushed berries in a 50 wt % isopropyl alcohol solution, acidified by 4 wt % acetic and with a 2 wt % surfactant solution to assist filtration. The effect of both preparations are similar.
Case A is a 10 year old boy who has had blackheads on his nose for the past year. They are impossible to remove by hard scrubbing or by trying to press out. The substance was applied to his nose once daily in a zinc oxide vehicle. After three weeks the blackheads began to loosen and many were expressed spontaneously. At the fourth week the remainder, about half, were expressed manually. Little pressure was necessary to remove the remaining blackheads.
When application of the substance was discontinued, acne returned with blackheads, pimples, and pustules. His skin secretions thickened, and changed to a heavy oil or greasy character, and became difficult to wash off with soap and water. His skin had a bumpy and harsh texture. An application of the substance changed the secretions to a light oil texture, easy to wash off with soap and water, and the acne lesions receded. His skin texture became smooth.
Case B is a 13 year old boy with three years of acne vulgarous. Blackheads and pustules covered his forehead, cheeks and chin. His skin secretions were of a heavy oily or greasy character, and his skin a bumpy harsh texture. The substance was applied topically in a zinc oxide vehicle and within a week new pustules no longer erupted. His skin secretions were light oily and his skin texture smooth. By the third week most of the pustules had discharged themselves and new blackheads were not forming, old blackheads were beginning to spontaneously erupt. By the fourth week, there were few pustules and blackheads and most of the original pustules had disappeared or decreased to non-elevated red areas from which they would be expected to eventually disappear altogether.
Case C is a 15 year old boy with severe acne over the past three years. Previous treatment including topical agents and tetracycline were not effective in controlling the acne. Pustules and blackheads were found over his face and on his shoulders and back. His skin secretions were heavy oily or greasy and hard to wash off. His skin texture was harsh and bumpy.
The substance in zinc oxide was administered to the face and back. The first change noticed by the patient was a decrease in the greasy feeling of his face and a softening of the skin of the face and shoulders. Following this, no new pustules erupted nor new blackheads formed. By the third week, blackheads were beginning to erupt spontaneously and there was a great decrease in many of the earlier pustules. Many of the old pustules were flat and, by the fourth week, the redness was beginning to leave the area where the old pustules were.
Case D is an 18 year old boy with severe acne of four or five years duration. Pustules and blackheads covered his face and back. His secretions were heavy oily or greasy, his skin texture harsh and bumpy. Previous treatment with antibiotics and topical ointments had resulted in limited control.
The use of the substances in zinc oxide changed his skin secretions to light oily and easy to wash off. His skin texture became smooth. During this period no new pustules erupted and no new blackheads formed. By the third week, blackheads were beginning to erupt spontaneously and, by the fourth week, they were easy to express. During the third and fourth week the pustules had decreased in size and many of the old ones were flat and the red color in them was decreasing and vanishing.
Case E is a 49-year old male with mild acne which had been present since childhood. During childhood it had been severe. There were small blackheads on the face and papular eruptions on the back of the neck and back. His skin secretions were heavy oily or greasy and difficult to wash off, his skin texture harsh and bumpy.
The substance in zinc oxide was applied topically. During the first week, a marked change in the sensation of the skin was felt with the skin becoming much smoother and the feeling of heavy oiliness changing to a light oily feeling that was easily removed with washing. By the third week, many of the blackheads were beginning to erupt spontaneously and others were expressed easily. By the fourth week, the papular eruptions at the back of the neck had subsided and the face was clear of blackheads.
Our examples show that in each case, A to E, the good effect of my compounds began with the change in the character of skin secretions. Heavy oily or greasy secretions difficult to remove with soap and water washings changed to light oily secretions, more easily removed with soap and water. I believe a primary effect of my compounds is to allow thickened skin secretions, such as found in acne, to flow more easily from skin pores, allowing the unblocking of the sebaceous gland that leads to acne vulgaris. This same effect has been noted in in-vitro systems where the isolated compounds were added to water-oil solution and allowed the oil to disperse more readily in the water. Cases A to E examine the secretion changes in acne vulgaris but do not restrict this effect to this condition. This same secretion change will occur in patients with oily or greasy secretions and/or harsh bumpy skin texture without acne. Personal observation shows an enhancing effect of the flow of thickened secretions of the sinus cavities (as in people with sinus congestion) and chest (as in people with asthma) when the substance is ingested. I expect other conditions with thickened secretions, such as hyaline membrane disease and cystic fibrosis, to be similarly benefited.
Cases A to E have been treated with my compounds on many occasions. Unlike other agents that may have similar effects on secretions, the effect of juniper extract persists for several weeks after acne has improved and treatment stopped. I believe that this is due to the ability of the active principle to remain attached to the skin similar to the way it attaches to other surfaces such as glass and filter material.
I further believe that the skin texture changes from harsh bumpy to smooth results from the substance's effect on secretions. The light oily secretions noted in my cases lubricate the skin far more efficiently than the heavy oily or greasy secretions present prior to the use of the substance.
The substance appears to be absorbed into the skin surface where its effect is persistent and long lived. The substance is believed to cause a fundamental chemical change in oily secretions, resulting in greater ease of removal.
The above data, spectrum, examples and case studies provide a clear understanding of the efficacy, utility, and identity of the compounds of the invention. However, since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.
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The end of the road - thank god
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This antisocial elf-themed beer from a Pennsylvania brewery is probably not the one you expected today, but it's just as worthy of your Christmas drinking list as the other one (whose cherries and honey we reviewed here). Rude Elf Reserve's base is a hefty brown Belgian ale with vibrant carbonation and notes of toasted nuts and dark fruit, but the star of the show is its mess o' traditional winter spices: Bright, robust waves of cinnamon, nutmeg and others wash over your tongue like so many Christmas cookies, making this a dazzling beer for the season. It's on tap all over Philly, including at Misconduct, Flanigan's Boathouse, The Whip Tavern and a half-dozen other locations.
We love beer. That's why we're devoting an entire year to discovering (and drinking) cold ones from near and far. Know of a beer worth shouting out? Send us a note at email@example.com.
PW's Year of Beer: Sierra Nevada Hop Hunter
PW's Year of Beer: Stone Smoked Porter with Vanilla Beans
PW's Year of Beer: Alpine Captain Stout
PW's Year of Beer: Firestone Walker Easy Jack
PW's Year of Beer: Dogfish Head Red and White
PW's Year of Beer: Ballast Point Habanera Sculpin
PW's Year of Beer: Tröegs Sunshine Pils
PW's Year of Beer: Flying Fish Belgian Style Dubbel


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Release Date: 2010 |
anyone care? no? didn't think so.
Digging: Marching Church - This World Is Not Enough
short! nice
I know right?
kind of make me wants to go to chick fil a tomorrow morning
mmmm biscuits
mmmmm disco
mmm Good review Seamen
despite this little onion flavor lol
why thank you jethro
I loved the summary. Good review as well poz.
like the review, eric
Album Rating: 3.5I think with "Loose Change" that they were aiming to sound kind of dull and simple with the lyrics. It was like just the feel of the song. Well that's what I think but really it's not about the lyrics
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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Hookers turning Airbnb apartments into brothels
Hookers are using the controversial Airbnb home-sharing Web site to turn prime Manhattan apartments into temporary brothels, The Post has learned. One escort service is even saving a bundle by...
or email firstname.lastname@example.com
Published: April 14, 2014 | 2:19am
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Early reviews are out for "Exodus: God and Kings," starring Christian Bale and Joel Edgerton, which opens in Australia on December 3, stateside December 12 and much of the world over the holidays.Read More »
At an early point in David Alvarado and Jason Sussberg's absorbing documentary 'The Immortalists,' theoretical biologist Aubrey de Grey, who sports a beard of wizardly proportions, says, "I don't want to end up here." The "here" he speaks of so dismissively is a graveyard.Read More »
A strong, exciting voice that emerged from this past Sundance was Ana Lily Amirpour, who brought to the Park City festival what could very well be the first Iranian vampire film, "A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night." After opening the 2014 New Directors/New Films Festival, the film will be released by...Read More »
The first reviews of the final installment in "The Hunger Games" series range from "classic" to "bland."Read More »
Rupert Wyatt did a great job with "Rise of the Planet of the Apes." But his follow-up movie, a remake of James Toback's 1974 "The Gambler," is a disappointment.Read More »
Our mediated culture is obsessed with the tragedy of right now. But director Margaret Brown is interested in the long-term story of the Deepwater Horizon disaster.Read More »
Zachary Wigon's tale of long-distance relationship woes and paranoia 'The Heart Machine' opens in NY and hits iTunes on October 24.Read More »
Gregg Araki can spin pop-colored, darkly funny suburban tragedies like few other directors working today, with 2004's 'Mysterious Skin' as the formidable example. 'White Bird in a Blizzard,' while not matching the overall emotional swell of 'Mysterious Skin,' again finds Araki in top form. It opens ...Read More »
Writer/director Mike Binder's social message film is as certain of its ennobling politics as "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner," and ultimately as tepid.Read More »
In Denzel we trust. Washington is truly one of the last real Hollywood stars left standing that moviegoers will go see in almost anything. And even when he is bad, he is oh so good.Read More »


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Cupcakes baked in ice cream cones and dipped in candy melts. Cupcakes Cake, Candies Melted, Diy Tutorials, Carrots Cake, Easter Cupcakes, Cupcakes Rosa-Choqu, Cake Batter, Ice Cream Cones, Carrots Cupcakes
Easter DIY Tutorial: Carrot Shaped Cupcakes
In a few days, Peter Cottontail will be hoppin' down the bunny trail... so we better have some carrots ready for him! But not just any carrots. Really, how


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This game is a part of the 2012 Texas Girls State Softball Playoff Brackets: UIL - 3A: Region 1 & 3 tournament. These two teams meet in round 2 (Area). You can view the full bracket here.
(May 4, 2012: Graham, TX 76450) The West Trojans (West, TX) softball routed the host Graham Steers (Graham, TX), 8-1 in Friday's non-league bout.
The Trojans (22-8) will now prepare for their bout against Graham (Graham, TX). The Steers go into the non-league bout with a 9-12 record. In their last bout, Graham was routed by West (West, TX), 8-1, in a non-league bout.
The Steers now possess a 9-12 record. They play next when they travel to West for a non-league bout on Saturday, May 5. Graham will confront a Trojans squad coming off a 8-1 non-league win over Graham (Graham, TX). The Trojans record now stands at 22-8.
West has not had any pro photos shot this year.
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Summaryfull details
Context sentences
to love
... birthday, and I love you....
... I love you, and I'll always...
... I just -- I love you guys....
Forum results
English-Italian translation for "I love you"
"I love you" Italian translation
I love you
(Laughter) Nothing says "I love you" like "Let me find somebody else I give a damn about."
Jesus, I love You on behalf of those who hate life and who kill it with the maternal womb.
Her last words, "My God, I love you", are the seal of her life.
Jesus, I love You and my love for You stands in opposition to the wars that are declared every day.
It is just before St Valentine's Day, and Mr Barroso is being told: 'I love you, but I do not love you.
Similar translations
Similar translations for "I love you" in Italian
Context sentences
Context sentences for "I love you" in Italian
Have a real happy birthday, and I love you.
And I love you, and I'll always be with you.
And I just -- I love you guys.
I love you.
Let me just give you one example that I think is incredibly simple, and I love.
8. Dear young people, I have asked you to be "prophets of life and love".
So I'd love to talk to you all, and invite you to come down and take a closer look.
For the love of God, while "kissing your feet", I beg you to be careful.
She said, "The first thing I want you to promise me is that you'll always love your mom."
Now, I know you all love data, so I'm starting with a data-rich slide.
I finally got the pictures developed and I'd love to give them to you."
Choir: ♫ I'm hooked on a feelin' ♫ ♫ I'm high on believin' ♫ ♫ That you're in love with me ♫
And I'd really love to show you my week's worth of outfits right now.
And I thought about this, and I thought, "You know, I'm not showing love here.
That is my first love, and that's what I'll tell you a little bit about.
I actually love diving at night; you see a lot of fish then that you don't see in the daytime.
But to be completely honest with you, I kind of love television.
I carried a poster by Alvin Ailey, which you can figure out now, I love the dance company.
But although I would love to talk about topology with you, I'm not going to.
This is my commandment, that you love one another as I have loved you" (Jn 15: 9, 12).
Forum results
"I love you" translation - forum results
Suggest new English to Italian translation
Are you missing a word in the English-Italian dictionary? Or perhaps you know of a particular regional Italian phrase? If so, then here you can suggest your own additions to the English-Italian dictionary. Simply use the two input fields below.
Latest word suggestions by users: playful person, joker, solar energy, total eclipse, partial eclipse
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hypotheses · hypothesis · hypothesized · hypothetical · hyrax · hysteria · hysteric · hysterical · I · I-Kiribati · i-love-you · iambic · iannone · ibex · ibidem · Ibizan · Ibizans · ice · ice-cap · ice-floe · ice-pack
Search for more words in the English-Swedish dictionary.


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Raising vibrations to help humanity
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Started this discussion. Last reply by Jacks Feb 4. 1 Reply 0 Likes
Clyde analyzes the symbolism of the Super Bowl XLIX half-time performance and commercials in 'PAWNS OF FATALITY.' …Continue
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Montague Keen - February 1, 2015You are now seeing the results of the ley line project which my dear wife began on the 2 February 2014. You are seeing the masks coming down and the cabal being…Continue
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How has the Superfund been under funded and where is the funding going instead?http://geog135.tripod.com/id4.htmlContinue
Posted on March 22, 2015 at 9:49am 1 Comment 1 Like
Fracking is a very deadly for the Planet and needs to be stopped everywhere, it is an agenda to kill the planet because they can't have it! They have losted and now have left programed peons behind to try and destroy everything! Send Divine Light to Gaia so she Can transform all bad things pumped into her into the Good!
And Please sign this petition. Thank You Jacks…Continue
Posted on March 15, 2015 at 7:30pm 0 Comments 0 Likes
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Posted on March 9, 2015 at 11:18am 3 Comments 1 Like
for the friendship
© 2015 Created by Cheryl Nelson.


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Hi: 11° Lo:-1°
By IH Thursday 01 November 2012 Updated: 08/11 21:54
THE BIG time is beckoning for singer-songwriter Lucy Rose.
The 23-year-old has experienced a whirlwind year which started with the recording at her Rowington home of her recently-released debut album Like I Used To.
But Lucy has not always been keen on the limelight. Her musical talent was there from a young age, but the willpower to perform on stage was not, and it was only when she moved to London to study a Geography degree at UCL that things changed.
After meeting musically-minded friends - and finding the ability to sing in front of complete strangers - the course was ditched in favour of following her heart and a career in music.
"I never thought I'd be good enough - I still don't," she told The Observer.
"I never liked the idea of playing to family or friends. I get by because I'm playing in front of strangers.
"It's still difficult to get people's opinions and you have to have a thick skin and get tough. I don't read anything about me."
But despite her own doubts about her ability, Lucy's debut album has been greeted with widespread acclaim, including a feature review in the Daily Telegraph.
Recording an album at home is not standard practice.
Lucy explained: "I loved growing up in Rowington so it was a real honour to record the album back home.
"I had no funding so it was decision of do we pay for the studio or come back home to do it.
"It was the opposite of a home studio, we took mics and a computer into the family room.
"My dad is mr optimistic whereas my mum is more of a realist and was wondering how it was going to work.
"The main problem was the TV was in that room so we had to make sure we got a TV into another room for them!
"It was a real unique way of recording."
Lucy, who namechecks greats such as Neil Young and Joni Mitchell as influences, also contributed some backing vocal duties on Bombay Bicycle Club's album A Different Kind of Fix.
Lucy is set for a homecoming gig of sorts when she plays Coventry's Kasbah nightclub on Saturday (November 8).
It will be yet another highlight in a stand out year, with family and friends due to make the short trip and pay homage to the shy star.
Visit kasbahnightclub.com for tickets, priced £8.
A bright musical future beckons for Rowington songstress Lucy Rose. (s)
1 Teenagers seriously as car overturns near Alcester
2 Disgraced former councillor fined
3 Businessman brings end to 30 year legal battle with council
4 Unlucky day for car transporter driver
5 The Jew of Malta, RSC Stratford review
THE FIRE and Rescue Service are urging motorists
THREE elderly people were saved after their car
RESIDENTS and visitors can now access information all
POLICE in Stratford have launched a crackdown on
EVESHAM'S first weekly parkrun has been hailed a great success ...
A DOG needed stitches after it was attacked by another ...
A MAN was knocked unconscious during a fight outside a ...
Visit the Worcester Observer website for the latest.


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Chrysler minivans may have a dangerous design flaw, one that may lead to the recall the popular vehicle, reports CBS News Correspondent Sharyl Attkisson.
A test on the country's best-selling minivan shows an unexpected and significant fuel leak in side impact crash tests. Data obtained by CBS News reveals that during a test, two gallons of fuel gushed out of the 1999 Dodge Caravan in just five minutes; that is 50 times more the government limit of 4/100th of a gallon. After thirty minutes, 11 gallons had gushed out.
"Only a gallon or two of fuel is enough to cause a catastrophic fire," says Clarence Ditlow of the Center For Auto Safety. "Eleven gallons of fuel is just a huge amount!"
The problem, investigators say, is that the filler hose separates from the gas tank. "They spill so much gasoline, that you may very well burn to death, even though you survived a crash," Ditlow says.
It's not Chrysler's first minivan fuel problem. The '96 Caravan was recalled twice.
The latest test results have sparked a federal investigation into two million 1996-1999 Chrysler and Plymouth minivans on the road today.
Daimler-Chrysler responded to the report by saying that it had not observed fuel leaks "in any side impact crash tests (we have) conducted with the subject vehicles." The company also says there have been no reports that "similar events have occurred on the road."
If investigators find there's a design flaw in Chrysler's fuel system, it could trigger a massive recall.
ByCBSNews.com staff CBSNews.com staffCBSMay 10, 1999, 7:36 PM
Chrysler Minivan Unsafe?
Copyright 1999 CBS. All rights reserved.
CBSNews.com staff CBSNews.com staff


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How to Keep Your Rabbits Happy
Posted on 09/24/2013 03:49:53 AM
Keeping your rabbit outside all year round means that you need to also keep him safe from cats and dogs and other predators that may live nearby. Choosing the right hutch for him to live in is very important and these tips will make sure he stays a very happy bunny! The first style of hutch a..
Posted on 09/16/2013 08:23:37 AM
With current environment problems the most logical thing we can do is to try to use less water in our daily lives. The ways to do so are different and if applied simultaneously by many people, the effect will be profound. How to save water? Cleaning is one of the most water consum..
Posted on 09/10/2013 06:20:40 AM
Last week I received an email from one of my neighbours, with the subject line "mouse". Living up in the Great White North, fronting on a lake with treed/bush areas in behind makes for oodles of 'wild' critters roaming the area. Deer, raccoons, skunks, mink, musk..
Colony Collapse– Documentary Addresses Global Destruction of Bee Population
Posted on 08/18/2013 12:58:48 AM
In response to the continuing decline in the bee population globally, an interesting and timely film documentary by Markus Inhoof brings attention to the phenomenon of colony collapse disorder– the name given to this occurrence. This film notes that 80%..
Guest Post from Kina... (My Dog)
Posted on 07/02/2013 08:04:19 AM
This week at Mama Kat's Writing Workshop, one of the prompts is: Introduce a pet. I figured that Ms. Kina herself might do better justice to this introduction… so here she is! *** Heyyo! I'm Kina — formerly known as Sweetie by my old owner because I'm really ..
Doggie Fashion is Not Just for Small Dogs
Posted on 06/26/2013 11:42:22 AM
Do you think doggie fashion is just for small dogs? If so, think again! When people hear the term "doggie fashion" usually their first instinct is to think of a cute little Chihuahua in the purse of a Hollywood heiress. Though a lot of the fashionable items for dogs are made for the..
Posted on 06/19/2013 07:53:13 AM
There are some very important things in your life that you should "Measure twice and cut once!". Such things as buying a new house, getting married to your first love, quitting your job, having a baby and of course, getting a dog. I wrote a dog, right after a baby, on purpose. I did it because, get..
4 Items You Must Have for a New Puppy
Posted on 06/12/2013 10:37:30 AM
New addition in the house in the form of a cuddly, loving puppy? That means that you need to make sure that you are looking into the options that are out there for items you need. Understand what are the best options for a new puppy and what you need to have so that you have a puppy that..
Items that Increase a Dog's Comfort
Posted on 06/11/2013 10:03:45 AM
If you are looking to be sure that you are able to make your dog items that are going to help their comfort levels. That way, you know that they are always comfortable no matter where they are and what they are doing. You want to be sure that you are truly finding out what is going to ma..
A Cautionary Tale For All Animal Lovers and Softies.
Posted on 06/07/2013 07:00:05 PM
Are you are an animal lover like me, especially when it comes to strays? I know that in my case, just one piteous glance sends me scurrying for food, water and a comfy blanket, even if that stray is a mangy, flea-bitten, runny eyed, wild, tom cat. Well I think that after yesterday, I ha..


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"Thank you for the work that you do. This March will mark my third year back in the Catholic Church. By God's grace, he brought me back using Catholic Answers Live and EWTN. I will be forever grateful."
~ JoAnn
"In order to restore in the world the reign of Jesus Christ, nothing is as necessary as the holiness of the clergy."
~ Pope Pius X, writing on May 5, 1904 (from the article "Ecclesiastical Seminary")


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Devon Garcia and Leslie Hernandez earned Youth of the Year honors Thursday for the Boys & Girls Clubs of Manteca / Lathrop.
You could feel the electricity in the air – the divine providence, if you will – in the hallways of Dr. Kent Hufford's medical office in Ripon Thursday morning.
For 40 years Clara Ortiz couldn't find her aunt.
Scenes from Thursday's 2010 Almond Blossom Fashion Show conducted in the Ripon High performing arts building.
The days of Manteca's housing prices mimicking Six Flags at Vallejo's Medusa super roller coaster plunging to earth are over.
Patrick Rabelo thinks he has what it takes to help usher the South San Joaquin Hispanic Chamber of Commerce into a new era.
Home-bound seniors in Manteca still living independently will benefit from efforts to bring back the RUOK (Are You OK) program.
An anticipated break in storm systems Monday will allow volunteers to place and unfurl 2,400 flags to honor American presidents.
Buying a gift for a patient in Doctors Hospital of Manteca's gift shop underwrites medical scholarships for second-year college students in the community.
Manteca builders started 46 new homes in January.
PG&E's plans to place a 24-inch natural gas line through a swath of rural South Manteca is likely to be "growth inducing" and therefore may require an environmental impact study before work can proceed.
RIPON – Forget Paris, Milan, and the Mercedes Benz Fashion Week in New York City.
LATHROP – More than two-dozen residents had the chance to imagine what the East Lathrop Community Complex would look like if they had their druthers during a public workshop Tuesday night at the Lathrop Senior Center.
Scenes from Saturday's St. Anthony's Priest Appreciation Dinner conducted in the school gym.
Free Weston Ranch. That's the rallying cry of this small community in South West Stockton.
The second annual Mother &Son Dance at St. Anthony of Padua School will be held Friday, Feb. 6, from 6 to 9 p.m.
Manteca's next municipal building could go up on Daniels Street.
Manteca in 2014 had its biggest year for single family housing starts in eight years.
It took less than a week for a jury to convict Michael Roessler in the murder of 51-year-old rural Manteca Michael Lawrence.
The Manteca Kindred Arts has been bringing top-notch musicians of national and international caliber to Manteca for nearly three decades. Perhaps less known is the fact the non-profit organization has been offering other entertainment options every year for the public's gastronomical pleasure, among other things.
Public employee retirees are living longer.
Maddy Hudson made the cut.
The quilted American flag occupying one entire wall at Ladybug Quilts in Manteca is not just a store decoration.
Looking for a street address in Manteca?
Manteca may make its biggest tax sharing deal ever to get the biggest economic return yet for the municipal general fund.
Manteca firefighters are arriving at emergency calls quicker despite an increase in calls.
Home sales at River Islands at Lathrop and elsewhere will help start moving a proposed satellite county center toward becoming a reality in Manteca.
In the summer, with California in the throes of a record-setting drought, the sign that popped up all over the farming areas in and around Manteca caught a bit of attention with the message: "Pray for Rain."


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Lowongan Kerja PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero)
Lowongan Kerja PT PP
About PT Pembangunan Perumahan – PT PP (Persero) Tbk
PT PP (Persero) Tbk, a well known National Constrection and Investment company with great experienced of creating prestigious building, infrastructures
and EPC in region.
History of Corporate
PT PP (Persero) was established under the name of NV Pembangunan Perumahan based on the Notarial Deed No. 48 of August 26, 1953. At the time it was established PT PP (Persero) was entrusted to build houses for the officers of PT Semen Gresik Tbk, a subsidiary of BAPINDO in Gresik. Along with increased trust, PT PP (Persero) received the duty to construct large projects that were related to war compensations the Government of Japan paid to the Republic of Indonesia, namely : – Hotel Indonesia, Bali Beach Hotel, – Ambarukmo Palace Hotel and – Samudera Beach Hotel.
In compliance to Government Regulation No. 63 year 1960, PN (Perusahaan Negara) Pembangunan Perumahan changed into PN Pembangunan Perumahan.
In 1962, PT PP (Persero) completed the construction of Hotel Indonesia, a 14 stories with 427 rooms, which at the time was the highest building in Indonesia.
In compliance to the Government Regulation No. 39 year 1971, PN Pembangunan Perumahan changed and become PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero), which was legalized through the Deed No. 78 dated March 15, 1973. The Company's core business was construction services.
For more than five decades, PT PP (Persero) has been a key player in the national construction business. Several mega projects have been constructed in that period. Subsequently, starting in 1991, PT PP (Persero) diversified its business, including office space rental at Plaza PP and realty business development in the area of Cibubur, and also the establishment of several subsidiaries through partnerships with foreign companies, among others PT PPTaisei Indonesia Construction and PT Mitracipta Polasarana.
In 2009, in line with business growth and increaseingly strong financial condition, then PT PP (Persero) to prepare a transformation where in 2009 PT PP (Persero) will implement the program in Public Offering Shares to the Public (Initial Public Offering/IPO). Where implementation of program IPO of PT PP (Persero) has received approval from the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in accordance with the Indonesian Goverenment Regulation No. 76 Year 2009 in Amendment of State Shareholding Structure through Issuance and Sale of New Share in the Company (Persero) PT Pembangunan Perumahan dated December 28th 2009
With new Regulation from the Government regarding the Changing of the Ownership Structure of State's Shares, therefore on February 9th 2010 PT PP (Persero) has fulfilled the listing requirement in PT Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Commencing from the abovementioned date, PT PP (Persero) Tbk shares have officially been listed and could be traded in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI).
Company Contact
Head Office
Plaza PP – Wisma Subiyanto
Jl. Letjend. TB. Simatupang No. 57
Pasar Rebo, Jakarta 13760 – Indonesia
Phone : (021) 840 3883 (hunting)
Fax : (021) 840 3936 & 840 3890
website : www.pt-pp.com
Jobs Available
PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero) Tbk invites qualified candidates to fullfull the position of :
- Sekretaris Cabang 7 – Bali (2015010/KKWT PST/FRG/SEC)
- Staf Teknik Sipil – Program OJT – Rekrutmen Pusat (2015007/OJT TK/FRG/SPL)
- Staf Akuntansi Keuangan – Program OJT – Rekrutmen Pusat (2015009/OJT NT 1/FRG/ATI)
- Staf Teknik Elektro Instrumen- Program OJT – Rekrutmen Pusat (2015008/OJT TK/FRG/ELL)
Job Description
Staf Teknik Sipil – Program OJT – Rekrutmen Pusat (2015007/OJT TK/FRG/SPL)
- Minimum Bachelor (S1) holder in Civil Engineering
- Have a solid understanding about the principles of civil engineering, building qualifications, irrigation, ports, or road.
- Familiar with construction support applications will be an advantage.
Staf Akuntansi Keuangan – Program OJT – Rekrutmen Pusat (2015009/OJT NT 1/FRG/ATI)
- Minimum Bachelor (S1) holder in Accounting.
- Age not more than 26 years old.
- Have a solid understanding about the priciples of accounting and financial analysis.
- Familiar with finance application will be an advantage.
Staf Teknik Elektro Instrumen- Program OJT – Rekrutmen Pusat (2015008/OJT TK/FRG/ELL)
- Minimum Bachelor (S1) holder in Electro Engineering
- Have a solid understanding about the system and working principle of electricity building.
- Mastering the procurement procedures and implementation of mechanical and electrical functions of the project.
General Requirements
- Graduated from a well-know public/private universities with minimum GPA of 3.00.
- Maximum age of 26 years old.
- Maximum 1 year of experience, fresh graduate are welcome to apply.
- Minimum TOEFL / TOEFL Prediction Score of 450.
- Willing to be assigned in all projects of PT PP (Persero) Tbk (outside Java & overseas) ± at least 3 years.
Sekretaris Cabang 7 – Bali (2015010/KKWT PST/FRG/SEC)
- Female, attractive and has a height of at least 155 cm with a weight proportional
- Minimum D3, Department of the Secretary of preferred
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- GPA of at least 3.00
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- Ethics, attitudes and good behavior
- Willing to live and commissioned in BALI
Sites Reference
- www.ptpp.co.id
Submit Application
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- All applications will be handled in strictly confidential
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The Harvard South Asian Association's annual arts showcase, called Ghungroo, is a complex coordinated production that draws hundreds of student performers and delighted classmates in the audience.
Film critic A.O. Scott spoke with the Gazette about the current crop of Oscar contenders, and Hollywood's trends.
In a question-and-answer interview, New York Times film critic and Harvard alumnus A.O. Scott explains his craft, and how he came to it.
The Harvard Film Archive is launching a retrospective of the work of Robert J. Flaherty, a pioneer in documentary film. "Folklore and Flaherty: A Symposium on the First Irish-Language Film" will be held on Feb. 19 from 1:30 to 4 p.m. at the Harvard Film Archive.
Pulitzer Prize-winner Suzan-Lori Parks returns to the American Repertory Theater with her new play, "Father Comes Home From the Wars."
"Selma" director Ava DuVernay discussed the film with Henry Louis Gates in an event sponsored by Harvard's Hutchins Center.
The new American Repertory Theater play "O.P.C." examines the culture of consumerism while the production team takes the message to heart.
From the 7-year-old terrified by "King Kong" to the 89-year-old still bravely stepping out on stage, Angela Lansbury reflects on her 70 years in show business.
A comprehensive collection of material at Houghton Library shines a light on the life and work of Tennessee Williams.
Stage, screen, and television icon Angela Lansbury, at 89, makes her second visit to Harvard, for a screening of a film at the Harvard Film Archive.
Sign up for daily emails with the latest Harvard news.
Harvard Library is sponsoring a series of films by Ukrainian filmmaker Sergei Loznitsa in conjunction with its exhibit "Lives of the Great Patriotic War." The film series continues Nov. 15 and 17. The exhibit is open through Nov. 26 at the Pusey Library.
A gift to the Harvard Library from William Friedkin, the Academy Award-winning director/producer of such films as "The Exorcist" and "The French Connection," will mark a new kind of collection for Harvard — cinema memoir.
Can you love your neighbor as you punch him in the face? That's one question posed by "Fight Church," a documentary that will be screened on Monday during an event hosted by the Science, Religion, and Culture Program at Harvard Divinity School.
The A.R.T. of Human Rights, a yearlong series, kicked off at the Oberon theater with a discussion about gay rights in Uganda.
A group of young students from Boston are working with members of the American Repertory Theater to craft short plays based on themes from "Finding Neverland."
The American Repertory Theater (A.R.T.) will stage the premiere of "Finding Neverland." The new musical, about the real-life genesis of J.M. Barrie's groundbreaking work "Peter Pan," runs from July 23 through Sept. 28.
The Harvard Film Archive is celebrating the work of Fritz Lang with a retrospective running through Sept. 1.
Two shows with ties to Harvard won Tony Awards and kept the American Repertory Theater's winning streak alive.
Harvard's Office for the Arts Director Jack Megan isn't just a supporter of artistic talent, he's a talented artist himself. Megan and his brother Tom co-wrote the musical "The Kid Who Would Be Pope," which won the Richard Rodgers Award for emerging theatrical talent and is having a stage reading off-Broadway.
Radcliffe Fellow and director Sean Graney has adapted 32 surviving Greek tragedies into one theatrical event that he hopes will start a conversation.


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Mount Sorrel Hotel
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Travel Blogs from Barry
Departure Day
All packed and ready to go by 11.00 a still left a little late. No trouble on the roads and swift service for lunch in the pub so arrived in good time at the parking. Good service as usual and through check in without issue. No question about the skis, boots or hand bags. Bumped into Jim Humphries in the check in queue, pleased they are not headed to our resort - the sauna could have been ...
Beautiful City
... And like issues we run into in Canada with daycares and licensing they have issues here to. And , since children start school at 4 it's difficult to have a proper 3-6 Montessori room. it ends up being 2-4. I've learns a lot of about how things run in England mad what they have to do. Great experience, for that alone, I'm very content with my decision to come to Bristol. And well.. we shall see what comes from ...
Airports and planes
After traveling for 33 hours I made it to Bristol!! Found some foods and drinks after checking into my hotel! I only.slept 4 out of my 33hrs of traveling so I crashed nice and hard and hopefully that helps with the jetlag! I slept for 14hrs straight!!! Now to orient myself on Birstol! May head to Bath tomorrow! Seeing the Montessori school on Tuesday! :) and heading to Birmingham on ...
Not the Dr Who Experience
... photos we walked closer to the Bay and discovered the "Ianto Shrine" at which Torchwood fans had left mementos and messages to a character who unforgivable died in the TV series.
Unfortunately the Dr Who Experience was closed (on Tuesdays) so we decided that we would go tomorrow but what to do today? We decided to walk back across the Marina Quay to Techniquest (like Scitech in Perth and Questacon in Canberra). We all had fun on the ...
Mevegissy, Tintagel and on to Bristol
... that he wasn't here". My memory of it is a spectacular island ruined fortress accessed by a rope bridge, but English Heritage have sanitised it. It's still a fantastic location, and there are ruins from a medieval castle, and remains of even older structures from the fourth or fifth century. Then on to stay overnight with Davina in Bristol, and train home ...


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Posts by Michael Santoli
Chilton: HFT is good for markets, but trading rules need to be simplerMichael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 2 days ago
The bonfire of passions over high frequency stock trading has calmed a bit in the year since Michael Lewis' book "Flash Boys" arrived. But the embers are still hot.
A new client survey by the institutional brokerage firm ConvergExreleased this week showed that while 57% of respondents feel the markets are not fair for all participants, that's down from 70% who said so a year earlier. And 36% said that HFT is harmful or very harmful to U.S. equity markets, down from 51% last year.
More than 40% of the buy- and sell-side professionals surveyed said they had changed the way they approach stock trading in response to the HFT debate, though most said the changes were "slight," such as requiring more disclosure from brokers about how their orders are routed.
The suspicion toward opportunistic electronic short-term trading systems persists, even as many measures of stock trading speed and cost show that public investors are getting a pretty decent deal.
Chilton pushes back on the idea that HFT folks improperly jump ahead of bids and offers from unsuspecting real investors.
Yellen in SF, oil trade gets messy & biotechs hit a bump: What to watchMichael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 2 days ago
Here are three things to watch today as we close out the trading week...
Number 1:
"The sensibilities of the market remain fragile."
That was the understated observation yesterday by Atlanta Fed President Dennis Lockhart, who reiterated that the economy seems sturdy enough to handle slightly higher interest rates.
This is a message that the financial markets only occasionally seem happy to hear. Every time domestic economic numbers look strong enough to make it an easy call for the Fed to move by September, the bond market lifts yields, the dollar rises and, in effect, the market does a bit of tightening for the Fed.
This will get sorted out, and by the time short-term rates are nudged above zero it will come as no surprise whatsoever to investors. But on the way there, those fragile sensibilities are sure to make things jumpy.
This is why most of the trading day will likely be a tense vigil for Fed Chair Janet Yellen's speech in San Francisco, set to begin just before the closing bell.
Her talk is called "The New Normal for Monetary Policy," right in the sweet spot of the raging debate in economic, currency and bond-trading circles.
Number 2:
Number 3:
Why is a liberal watchdog group barking at Bill Ackman and other short sellers?Michael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 3 days ago
Progressive nonprofit policy groups usually applaud when informed citizens accuse big companies of exploiting consumers and rally government action against the abusers.
Unless, it seems, those citizens happen to have put some money where their mouths are by betting against the shares of the companies they assail.
Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington is a mostly liberal-leaning group that typically works to expose corruption among government officials. Yet this month, CREW tried to kick up a fuss when it urged Congress and the Securities and Exchange Commission to investigate hedge fund managers who have enlisted government agencies and legislators to go after companies whose stock they'd sold short.
The main target of the group's outrage is Bill Ackman of the $19 billion hedge-fund firm Pershing Square Capital, whose aggressive public crusade against Herbalife Ltd. (HLF) has raged since late 2012 and has involved the cajoling of members of Congress and the Federal Trade Commission.
S&P 2040, Apple/Beats threatens Pandora & Lulu lowers outlook: What to watchMichael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 3 days ago
Here are three things to watch in Thursday's trade... Number 1:
The stock market has shown it can absorb plenty of worry. But for the moment, it appears the abundance of unwelcome news remains a bit too much for a market near all-time highs to ingest without lying down for a while.
The S&P 500 (^GSPC) is again ready to dip back into the red for the year, and at this hour has also disgorged all the upside that followed the Federal Reserve's gentle message of last week.
Soggy economic data in the States is running into a Fed that at least for now is staying on message about being open to lifting interest rates in coming months. Markets, at last, seem to be hearing the Fed's meaning: If you're wishing for the Fed to keep rates at zero, it means you're wishing for the first-quarter soft patch in growth to drag on.
This would be fine – and ultimately probably will be fine – if world markets weren't already dealing with the tightening of financial conditions that's come with a stronger dollar. Emerging-markets are squeezed, as are American corporate profits.
Number 2:
Number 3:
Buffett saves Kraft, Comcast dips & transports hit the Dow: What to watchMichael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 4 days ago
Here are three things worth keeping an eye on today... Number 1: Now starts the game of "Who's next?" among the Big Food stocks. Kraft Foods Group's (KRFT) agreement to merge with Heinz in a deal backed by Warren Buffett and his partner 3G Capital is driving a pop of some 25% in Kraft shares. The pair will invest $10 billion in the merged company, essentially funding a planned $16.50-per-share special dividend going to Kraft shareholders. In the two years since Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (BRK-B) and 3G teamed to buy Heinz, investors have viewed the pair as a possible rescuer of every slow-growth maker of packaged foods on the board. Now that they've anointed Kraft, you can already hear traders chattering about what it could mean for any of the other owners of iconic but tired food brands. Campbell Soup (CPB) has already been eyed as a buyout or breakup target. What about Kraft's former sibling Mondelez (MDLZ), or General Mills (GIS) or Kellogg (K)? At minimum, investors and analysts will compare the value now assigned to Kraft as a target for peer companies. But be careful about this sort of extrapolation. The same sort of excitement for food pairings followed Buffett and 3G's Heinz deal in early 2013. The whole group was bid up in subsequent weeks – and then the stocks have just sat there going sideways for two years. These are companies with weak pricing power often on the wrong side of consumer's emerging preferences for healthier, less industrial foods. The stocks are richly valued already and have been bolstered by the dividend cult. And, don't forget, the biggest potential buyer will now be busy digesting Kraft for a long while to come.
Michael Lewis: A year after 'Flash Boys,' market still broken but can fix itselfMichael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 5 days ago
A year ago, Michael Lewis inadvertently set a spark to a raging debate over high frequency trading with his book "Flash Boys."
His tale of a maverick group of Wall Street professionals seeking a better way for big institutions to trade stocks away from opportunistic middlemen quickly touched off a simplistic argument across media and finance over whether high-tech predators were picking the pockets of innocent little investors. Lewis's own charge that the market was effectively "rigged" did nothing to cool the passions.
But to hear Lewis and his book's hero, Brad Katsuyama, tell it, the story was less about one set of predators feeding off of helpless investors. Instead, it was about the way Wall Street had developed an overly complex, opaque system for trading stocks that levied a tax – an undemocratic, but ultimately voluntary tax – on investing.
Since then, much noise has been made by investor advocates, the electronic-trading industry mounted a counter-assault and regulators lobbed a handful of one-off enforcement actions, but little has changed in the way the market works.
Buyback slowdown in the U.S. & manufacturing in China, Europe: What to watch todayMichael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 5 days ago
Here are three things to keep an eye on today while trading Tuesday... Number 1: The world is getting a test today on whether bad news is bad for stocks and good news good. The bad - or at least disappointing – news from China overnight was that its PMI manufacturing gauge fell to an 11-month low. China's slowdown has been a theme for months now. A frothy real estate market is coming off the boil. Exports are pressured. Foreign investment in the country has slowed. The transition to domestic consumer spending as a driver of growth is happening - but gradually. And yet the mainland stock market has been screaming higher. Deutsche X-trackers Harvest CSI300, the U.S.-listed fund that follows the local A shares market in Shanghai, which trades under symbol ASHR, is up 12% this month and more than 60% in the past six months. This rally has been carried along in large part by hopes that the Chinese authorities "mini-stimulus" efforts will be broadened to become a more aggressive easy-money campaign. Shanghai stocks again traded higher on the news overnight, and now U.S. investors get to weigh in. Today will help show whether this "bad news is good news" trade is still in force.
Small caps, Apple and Lions Gate: What to watch todayMichael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 6 days ago
As we start a new trading week here are three things you should keep an eye on today.
Number 1:
Will they buy the all-time high in the little guys?
That's the question that greets the surging small-cap stock bellwether, the Russell 2000. It has sprinted higher seven of the past eight days and among the widely watched equity indexes it is alone in sitting at a fresh never-before-seen high.
The Russell 2000, tracked by a popular iShares ETF under symbol IWM, contains companies with a combined market value of $4 trillion – less than six Apple's worth. Yet it contains all sorts of clues about risk appetites, liquidity, credit conditions and expectations for the US economy and dollar.
When the U.S. dollar was racing to rapid gains against the euro, the outperformance of the domestic-focused small caps made sense. Now it's a momentum proxy, a good measure of whether the gentle message of an eager-to-please Fed can deliver more than a week's boost to animal spirits.
Get the Latest Market Data and News with the Yahoo Finance App
Number 2:
Number 3:
Biotech, real estate and Greece: What to watch todayMichael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 9 days ago
Welcome to Friday. Here are three things to keep an eye on during the trading day.
Two of today's three are animated by near-opposite human cravings, but both have been crucial drivers of this bull market: biotech stocks and REITs.
Number 1:
Biotechs are all about a hoped-for future, the promised huge payoff from smarts and risk-taking, magic molecules to extend lives and maximize human potential.
What price to pay for such distilled human genius and the enormous future profits from designer drugs?
Lately, almost no price has been too high. The iShares Nasdaq Biotech ETF (IBB) is on one of its manic tears, up 6% this week, 33% the past six months and 134% in two years. The fund is on the verge of its sixth straight month of gains, one short of a record streak set in 2011 and 2012. Back then a stiff gut check followed.
Get the Latest Market Data and News with the Yahoo Finance App
Number 2: The real estate investment trusts appeal to an entirely different set of investor impulses: The perceived security of real assets and the bird-in-hand comfort of regular cash dividends.
Number 3:
Cutting the cable cord might not save you as much as you thinkMichael Santoli at Yahoo Finance 10 days ago
After years of complaining about being locked into expensive pay TV plans, the American viewer is now being bombarded with choices, as media companies and gadget makers invite them to "cut the cord" and go "over the top" by pulling in more "a la carte" video programming.
Apple Inc. (AAPL) is planning to offer a trimmed-down package of popular broadcast and cable networks to stream over Apple devices for a reported $30 to $40 per month.
Sony Corp. (SNE) has a broader assortment of cable channels and some on-demand playback capabilities – though no broadcast networks – over its PlayStation game console for $49.99 a month.
DISH Network Corp.'s (DISH) Sling TV has about 20 channels for $20 in its core service.


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WOMAN CHARGED WITH ASSAULTING SINGER AT BLUES FEST: HAYWARD (AP) - A woman has been charged with felony counts of assault and elder abuse in an attack on 73-year-old R&B singer Lester Chambers at a Northern California blues festival where he had just dedicated a song to Trayvon Martin.
BAKERSFIELD (AP) - Hundreds of people from across California descended Wednesday on Bakersfield by car and bus to rally for an immigration overhaul that includes a path to citizenship for the 11 million immigrants lacking legal status.
GUN RANGE MANAGER HELD FOR BEING FELON WITH GUN: CORONA (AP) - The manager of a Southern California shooting range is fighting arrest for being a convicted felon in possession of a gun - in fact, lots of them.
VISALIA (AP) - A California man is being praised for his honesty after he turned in $6,900 in cash he found near a Department of Motor Vehicles office in the Central Valley.
BODY ID'D AS MISSING FEDERAL INVESTIGATOR: OAKLAND (AP) - A woman's body found near a Northern California park last week is that of a missing federal investigator, authorities said Tuesday.
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - Plans to open the new eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge as scheduled on Labor Day got a boost when federal officials signed off on a temporary fix for cracked seismic safety bolts that have threatened to delay the opening by months.
LOS ANGELES (AP) - Los Angeles city officials have voted to allow green thumbs and gardening enthusiasts to plant vegetable gardens in public parkways between the curb and the sidewalk.
SAN DIEGO (AP) - San Diego Mayor Bob Filner responded to a recall effort over sexual harassment allegations by touting progress the city has made during his term.
IONE (AP) - Authorities say a Northern California prison doctor is recovering after an inmate attacked her.
SACRAMENTO (AP) - A bill sparked by a custody dispute involving "The Lost Boys" actor Jason Patric that would allow certain sperm donors to seek paternity rights in court is on hold after failing to clear a legislative panel Tuesday.
CORONA TEACHER CHARGED WITH ALLEGED STUDENT SEX: CORONA (AP) - Prosecutors have filed 16 felony counts against a 31-year-old Riverside County high school teacher suspected of having sex with students on school grounds.
NEW YORK (AP) - The nation's largest police department illegally and systematically singled out large numbers of blacks and Hispanics under its stop-and-frisk policy, a federal judge ruled Monday while appointing an independent monitor to oversee major changes, including body cameras on some officers.
SAN FRANCSICO (AP) - Attorney General Eric Holder announced a major shift Monday in federal sentencing policies, targeting long mandatory terms that he said have flooded the nation's prisons with low-level drug offenders and diverted crime-fighting dollars that could be far better spent.
AUTOPSY: YOLO COUNTY INMATE HAD FATAL AMOUNT OF WATER: WOODLAND (AP) - An inmate who died after being found struggling to breathe at a Northern California jail drank a fatal amount of water, an autopsy concluded.
SAN DIEGO (AP) - A close family friend suspected of abducting a 16-year old girl after killing her mother and younger brother fired his rifle at FBI agents before they killed him deep in the Idaho wilderness, authorities said Monday.
SACRAMENTO . (AP) - An annual crime victims rally that has drawn law enforcement, governors and other dignitaries to the state Capitol has been canceled this year over worries about rising anti-police sentiment.
SACRAMENTO (AP) - Californians are more optimistic than they have been in years, which is translating into high job approval ratings for Gov. Jerry Brown and bipartisan support for his budget plan to pay down debt, according to a new statewide poll released Wednesday.
SAN JOSE (AP) - San Jose council members have made permanent a measure that allows the shooting of wild pigs that have become a nuisance by ripping up lawns and golf course fairways.
LONG BEACH (AP) - The chancellor of the California State University on Tuesday set a new goal for students - increase graduation rates to 60 percent by 2025.
SACRAMENTO (AP) - State and county officials cannot show how billions of dollars collected through a voter-approved tax on millionaires are being spent or whether the related programs have helped people with mental illness as voters intended, a state watchdog commission reported Tuesday.
SACRAMENTO (AP) - A California state lawmaker has introduced legislation that would ban the use of increasingly popular electronic cigarettes in public spaces.
SAN RAMON (AP) - A driver has been arrested after authorities say he ran over his passenger twice after arguing with her on the side of a San Francisco Bay Area freeway.
MARTINEZ (AP) - A former California Highway Patrol officer was sentenced Tuesday to three years' probation for sharing explicit photos from the cellphones of two women while they were under arrest.
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - Thieves rammed a stolen SUV into a downtown San Francisco museum early Tuesday and swiped historic gold nuggets in the latest smash-and-grab theft in the area in recent months.
MOST PIMP CONVICTIONS TOSSED FOR FORMER SCHOOL BOARD MEMBER: RIVERSIDE (AP) - A state appeals court has thrown out nine of 12 pimping convictions of a former Southern California school board member, but his prison term remains the same.


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Food & Kitchen Supplies
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