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UUA l INH UH PLAS l IC- UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIoE.
Patented July 6, 1909.
Serial N0. 457,827.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that 1, CHARLES LADD NOR- TON, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Manchester, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Refractory Material and Processes for Producing the Same, of which the following is a specification.
10 My invention relates to the manufacture of sheets, blocks or other forms of heat insulating, weather resisting and electrically resistant refractory material suitable to miscellaneous protective purposes and particularly adapted for use as roofing or tiling in situations where a water and weather res1st1ng materlal 1s desirable.
In Letters Patent of the United States numbered 847,293, granted to me March 12, 1907 I have described a refractory material composed of asbestiform fiber, and magnesium oxid hydrated by adding an appropriate amount of water to the combination, the whole compacted under heavy pressure while the hydration of the oxid was in process. I
have discovered that the modification of the process described in the said patent by the addition of other ingredients, produces a refractory material different (both in kind and degree) in its physical characteristics from the refractory material described in said patent.
To roduce the new and refractory material w ich is the subject of this specification,
I proceed according to a method analogous to that described in my said patent, but employ the following ingredients in the manner ereinbelow described.
I take fine short asbestos fiber or prefer- 4 ably the fibers obtained by grinding and cleaning the ser entine rock in which asbestos in its normal fibrous condition is usually found in nature, and mix therewith magnesium oxid, preferably obtained b the calcination at a dull red heat of a fine y comminuted magnesium carbonate, a precipitated magnesium carbonate being in m opinion the best material for this urpose by reason of the extreme fineness 0 its comminution; I also employ in the mixture an hydraulic cement as P v d t, and if it be desired to ren er 'ng product extremely hard, strong and resistant to water, I add to the mixture a proportion of calcined silica in the form of fine sand which is mixed with the magnesium carbonate and roasted along with it. Thus the two solid ingredients are on the one hand dry, clean asbestiform fiber, and on the other hand, a dry mixture of magnesium oxid and hydraulic cement either with or without an admixture of sand. As above stated when the sand is used as an ingredient, I find it advisable to mix it with the magnesium carbonate and roast this mixture of magnesium carbonate and sand together. These two solid ingredients are then mixed together dry in proportiions sqjqstantially as (fiollowjrshof the as esti orm er 300 poun s, o e magnesium 0x13 and h'draulic cement 7 poun s eacfi, and 1f sand is used, aBout 15 pounds of sand. When these ingredients are thoroughly mixed, I add thereto a weight of water substantially equal to the aggregate weight of the solid ingredients; the water so added 7 forms with the solid ingredients a moist pulp the solids of which hold the water evenly distributed. Upon the formation of this Wet pulp it is spread upon a filter bed in an hydraulic press in such quantity as is required for the formation of the desired sheet, plate, or other form of refractory materia land the pulp is then subjected in the press to a ressure which preferably is between 200 an pounds to the square inch. The operation of the filter press is to squeeze out a large roportion of the water contained in the pulp eaving therein enough water to perorm the office of hydration or setting of the cementitious materials, namely the magne- 9 sium oxid and hydraulic cement. The pressure is applied while the process of hydration is going forward. Sheets or other bodies of refractory material made as aforesaid are then laid in stacks to await the final setting of the cementitious materials contained therein. Where the shape of the articles thus formed permits it, I find it to be advantageous to subject them during their second; a or final settin to a co rabe rs; 109 sure. is may be well accomplishe 0 inserting between each adjacent pair of sheets material and this slight extrusion of water is confined to the early stages of the secondary compression. The compression of the material during the secondary or final setting improves the strength, toughness and hardness of the material while it does not appreciably alter the shape or diminish the thickness of the slabs or sheets.
Sheets or other objects of refractory material composed and made as aforesaid are extremely hard, have a high tensile strength, are tough, free from laminations and proof against warping under any subsequent conditions and are susceptible of receiving a high polish. They may be used for roofing, tiling, fire-proofing etc. and also for purposes where a strong heat insulating materlal is desired.
hat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. The process of making refractory material which consists in subjecting a mixture of asbestiform fiber, magnesium oxid, hydraulic cement and water to ressure accompanied by the extrusion 0 surplus water while the hydration of the cementitious materials is in progress.
2. The rocess of making refractory material whic consists in subjecting a mixture of asbestiform fiber, magnesium oxid, hydraulic cement and a silicious sand with water to pressure accompanied by the extrusion of water while the hydration of the cementitious materials is in progress.
3. The rocess of making refractory material whic h consists in roasting a mixture of magnesium carbonate and a silicious sand until the carbonate is thoroughly calcined mixing the calcined magnesium and sand with asbestiform fiber and hydraulic cement adding water to the aforesaid mixture of solids in quantities sufficient to form a wet pulp, and then subjecting the pulp to pressure while hydration of the cementitious materials is in progress expressing the surplus water and compacting the entire mass.
4. Refractory material com osed of a compacted mass of uniformly istributed asestiform fiber, magnesium oxid, and hydraulic cement.
5. Refractory material composed of asbestiform fiber, 300 parts, magnesium oxid 75 parts, hydraulic cement, 75 (parts-all by weight-uniformly distribute in a compacted mass, with an amount of water in composition proportionate to the chemical requirements of the cementitious ingredients.
6. Refractory material com osed of a compacted mass of uniformly istributed asestiform fiber, magnesium oXid, and 11y.- draulic cement and an amount of water in composition PIOIiOltiOIliltG to the chemical requirements of t 1e cementitious material.
7. Refractory material composed of a compacted mass of uniformly distributed asestiform fiber, magnesium oxid, sand and hydraulic cement.
8. Refractory material composed of asbestiform fiber, 300 parts, magnesium oxid, 75 parts, hydraulic cement, 75 parts, sand 15 parts-all by Weight-uniformly distributed in a compacted mass with an amount of water in composition proportionate to the chemical requirements of the cementitious ingredients.
9. Refractory material com osed of a compacted mass of uniformly istributed asestiform fiber, magnesium oxid, sand and hydraulic cement and an amount of water in composition proportionate to the chemical reruirements o the cementitious material.
signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts this third day of October 1908.
Referenced by
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Washing machine size
chrissyb2411October 8, 2013
I am ready to order a machine, decided to go with an LG, but am torn between 3.6 cu ft and 4 cu ft model front loaders. We are a family of 4, no pets. The largest thing I would wash is a fairly lightweight queen size comforter. Is that extra .4 cu ft huge? Am I going to miss it? Is it worth the extra $200? I have a 10 year old whirlpool top loader, and I'm not even sure how much it holds, but I seem to be doing laundry constantly.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ski SchoolWritten by Rocky Mountain Woman on March 25, 2015 – 12:03 pm -
This post is in honor of the letter "S" and part of Jenny Matlock's Alphabet Thursday. For more serious "S" posts, please click here jennymatlock.blogspot.com/Posted in She Shoots | 14 Comments »
ReadingWritten by Rocky Mountain Woman on March 18, 2015 – 12:18 pm -
I don't remember when the little scribbly lines on the pages started to make sense and I had no idea at the time how life changing that information was, but I've been an avid reader since I was about six years old.
By the time I was ten, I had plowed through the encyclopedia set my parents had. I had a library card at about seven and can still remember how that old beautiful library in Pennsylvania smelled when my Mom dropped me off for a few hours. I'd read until a few minutes before she was scheduled to pick me up and then grab as many books as I was allowed to take home (I think it was six).
When my kids were young, I read very little except children's books, but I still read. It was hit and miss for a decade or so while I was working and raising a family, but I still managed to dabble a bit with a book here and there. Not so with music and pop culture, but it was the 80's and I'm told I didn't miss much.
But now, at this moment in my life, I find myself with the ability to spend more time reading and I couldn't be happier about that. And given the fact I can carry as many books as I want (no more six book limits) on my Ipad Mini, I can pretty much read whenever and wherever I want and to someone like me, that's heaven. I think they invented tablets just for me. Thanks, Apple and all the rest of you guys! The only problem I've found with the Ipad is that I think the backlit screen does interfere a bit with my (already sketchy) sleep patterns, so I'm getting ready to order a Kindle Paperwhite to leave beside my bed for nighttime reading.
I buy ebooks almost exclusively now except for some cookbooks with lovely photography and of course, books that aren't available in a digital format. I have hundreds of "real" books, the result of a lifetime of reading, and I love the feel, smell and romance of them, but the convenience of the e reader is just too much of a draw.
I've just recently discovered Good Reads. I've been delinquent in updating my reading progress there, but I'm making a resolution to be better about that. Are any of you on Good Reads? I'm having problems figuring out how to use it so any advice would be appreciated?
So dear virtual friends, are you reading fanatics? What do you prefer, paper or tablet, backlit or paperwhite? Any book suggestions? Are you on Good Reads? If so, will you be my friend there? If so, how do I make that happen? Inquiring minds want to know!
This post is in honor of the letter "R" and part of Jenny Matlock's Alphabet Thursday. For more "R" posts, please click here jennymatlock.blogspot.com/
Quite Tasty Spicy Three Cheese SpreadWritten by Rocky Mountain Woman on March 11, 2015 – 12:24 pm -
This is rich and creamy, sharp and sweet, the perfect thing for a buffet table!
- 6 oz Swiss Cheese
- 6 oz Sharp Orange Cheddar Cheese
- 4 oz Creamy Blue Cheese
- 6 T unsalted butter at room temperature
- ⅓ C port
- 4 t Dijon mustard
- ¼ t Tabasco
- salt and pepper to taste
- 1 green onion, finely chopped
- Cut the Swiss and Cheddar cheeses into cubes, crumble the blue cheese
- In a food processor, combine the 3 cheeses, butter, Port, mustard, hot-pepper sauce, ½ t salt and ½ t pepper
- Process, stopping several times to scrape the bowl
- Stir in the green onions and more salt and pepper if desired
- Cover and refrigerate for at least 24 hours to develop the flavor
Recipe from Williams Sonoma
This post is in honor of the letter "Q" and part of Jenny Matlock's Alphabet Thursday. For more "Q" posts, please click here jennymatlock.blogspot.com/Tags: appetizer
Posted in She Cooks | 11 Comments »


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(En español: TDAH)
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ADHD is short for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Kids who have ADHD find it difficult to pay attention and are hyperactive, which means they might have trouble sitting still. About 9% of kids have ADHD, which means about 9 in 100 kids has it.
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
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One man on a decades old mission. A woman who hunts him. And the bullet they share. Joe Klingler's acclaimed debut novel explodes from the remnants of a war long past to headlines of Washington secrets masquerading as corporate incompetence when two modern-day warriors face off. Both skilled at violence. And deception. Both accustomed to winning. Summer greets the land … Continue reading →
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Ignite Your Online Business provides a valuable insight into online business & making money via the internet. This book outlines the steps needed to start your online business, incorporating the right work & lifestyle balance. Ignite Your Online Business covers eight major topics: 1) Why having your own home based online business is a smart move 2) Types of business … Continue reading →
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Kindle Countdown Deal — 99¢ on 12/21-12/22 The Last Love of Eleanor Sands is the story of a young man's romance with a college professor in the early '70s. Roger has just returned from vagabonding around the world. Eleanor is a recently divorced woman, ready to cast off the restraints of her 20 year marriage. These two soon find themselves … Continue reading →
Kindle Countdown Deal — 99¢ on 12/20; $2.99 on 12/21. The first in a series of throwback crime novels, inspired by the Phillip Marlowe's and Sam Spades of the author's youth, Michael Devlin, the jaded protagonist and private detective of South On Pacific Coast Highway is himself a throwback private detective, preferring brains over gadgetry as he operates a one-man … Continue reading →
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Product Description
John Deere Women's 11" Brown Oiled Leather Steel Toe Cowgirl Boots• Stay protected wearing John Deere work boots for women
• Brown Walnut Tumbled leather foot with 11" Oiled leather shaft
• Soft high abrasion moisture-wicking lining
• Comfortable covered cushion insole
• Steel shank provides excellent stability and arch support
• Steel toe and electrical hazard meet ASTM F2413-05 standards
• Lightweight high abrasion "digger" rubber outsole
Hard work calls for hard working boots that can keep up with the demands of your job. Women count on John Deere for reliability, quality craftsmanship and value. Women's John Deere boot is apart of the premium Tractor Women's Series that sports an extremely flexible and cushioning Digger sole. Oil, slip, and heat resistant polyurethane rubber outsole. Full grain leather. Cooling and dry moisture-wicking lining. Cushioned insole adds ultimate comfort. Durable Goodyear welt construction.
Style #: JD3393
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I would like to propose a challenge to anyone who wishes to enter.
A signature featuring a work of Ken Akamatsu's.
The battle is open to everyone, and is due January 3rd. Voting can start sooner if everyone has turned in their work before then.
You may have up to 2 entries.
Here is some of his works if you are not familiar with him:
* Itsudatte My Santa!
* A.I. Love You
* Love Hina
* Negima!: Magister Negi Magi
There may be more, but those is what I found. I mainly was thinking of Love Hina and Negima, but I thought it would be better to broaden it a bit more.
So do I have anyone interested?


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Britain's historic pub interiors - an introduction
Unspoilt pubs — here is your definitive guide to the nation's most important historic pub interiors. Since the 1960s few pubs have escaped major changes but this website helps you seek out the best historic examples we have left. They range from simple unaltered village pubs to glorious late-Victorian extravaganzas. Each is very special in its own way.
This list has been compiled by CAMRA's Pub Heritage Group and is the product of over twenty years careful research. It identifies pubs with intact traditional interiors or which have features and rooms of national importance.
To find pubs in your area of interest use search for historic pub interiors.
If you are a potential pub operator or owner, see the benefits of running a pub with an important historic interior.
If you are a planning official, review how we work to protect pubs with important historic interiors.
If you are a CAMRA member, and you would like to volunteer to help Pub Heritage Group, read about the surveying we do.
London, CROCKER'S FOLLY, 24 Aberdeen Place, NW8 8JR. This opulent pub, closed since 2004, has now reopened with the focus on fine dining although you can still get a drink at the bar on the right (no real ale though). It was built in 1898-9 at the height of the great London pub-building boom and was fitted out accordingly: note especially the wonderful marble work in the central saloon. It was originally called the Crown but acquired its present name after a daft myth developed that the man who built it, Frank Crocker, had made a serious miscalculation. Having expected the Great Central Railway to terminate right by his great venture and thus generate terrific business, this never happened - ruin, disaster, despair - and he committed suicide. In fact, the route into Marylebone had been settled back in 1893 and Frank died a natural death, aged 41, in 1904! See the entry on this website
The Angel, 697 Uxbridge Road, Hayes, UB4 8HX is the lastest pub on CAMRA's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors to be granted Grade II listed status. It was rebuilt in 1926 by Fullers brewery and given a modest extension in 1937. Remarkably all four bars survive, along with the former off-sales compartment. It is still owned by Fullers whose ales, of course, are on sale. See the entry on this website
Feature Article
Britain's Best Real Heritage Pubs is the definitive printed guide to CAMRA's National Inventory of Historic Pubs Interiors. Details of 270 pubs throughout the UK with interiors of real historic significance – some of them stretching back a century. It is the first time that these pubs have been collated into a single volume. Illustrated with high-quality photography, the guide's extensive listings are the product of years of surveying and research by CAMRA volunteers dedicated to preserving and protecting our rich pub heritage. 288 pages with full-colour photography, easy-to-use listings and helpful mapping. Just £9.99 with a £2 discount for CAMRA members. Find out more and order at www.camra.org.uk


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As an attorney, I am focused on helping clients recover from serious injuries caused by personal injury and aviation disasters.View all photos and/or videos
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Chris has a wealth of experience and his background in aviation puts him well ahead of other counsel in that area. He is very friendly and easy to... more


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Galaxy Gaming Reports Record Third Quarter Results
LAS VEGAS, Nov. 13, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Galaxy Gaming, Inc. (OTCBB:GLXZ), the world's second largest developer, manufacturer and distributor of casino table games and enhanced systems, announced today its results for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2012.
Financial Highlights
Q-3 2012 vs. Q-3 2011
Revenue of $1,874K increased 155% or $1,140K from $734K.
EBITDA of $777K improved $969K from a loss of ($192K).
Net profit of $129K improved $350K from a loss of ($221K).
Q-3 2012 vs. Q-2 2012
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A method and apparatus for plating facilitates the plating of a small contact feature of a wafer die while providing a relatively stable plating bath. The method utilizes a supplemental plating structure that is larger than a die contact that is to be plated. The supplemental plating structure may be located on the wafer, and is conductively connected to the die contact. Conductive connection between the die contact and the supplemental plating structure facilitates the plating of the die contact. The supplemental plating structure also can be used to probe test the die prior to singulation.
1. A plating method comprising:
providing on a wafer a die with a contact having a first surface area;
providing a supplemental plating structure on said wafer, said supplemental plating structure having a surface area larger than said first surface area;
conductively connecting said supplemental plating structure to said contact to create a conductive connection; and
plating said supplemental plating structure and said contact in an electroless bath.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. A die testing method comprising:
fabricating on a wafer a die with a contact feature having a first surface area;
fabricating on said wafer a supplemental plating structure having a surface area larger than said first surface area;
fabricating a conductive connection between said supplemental plating structure and said contact feature;
plating said contact feature and said supplemental plating; and
subsequently testing said die using said supplemental plating structure as a probe point.
15. The die testing method of
16. The die testing method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. An integrated circuit wafer, comprising:
a plurality of dice, each of said dice having a plurality of first platable features; and
a plurality of second platable features, wherein each first platable feature is conductively connected to more than one second platable feature, and each of said second platable features is electrically connected to more than one first platable feature and is a probe point for testing said dice.
21. The wafer of
22. The wafer of
23. The wafer of
24. The wafer of
25. The wafer of
26. A plating method comprising:
providing a plating bath comprising:
a nickel salt;
a hypophosphite salt;
at least one organic acid or chelating agent; and
a stabilizer;
immersing in said plating bath a wafer, said wafer containing a plurality of dies each having contacts, and supplemental plating structures, said contacts and said supplemental plating structures being conductively connected; and
plating said contacts and said supplemental plating structures.
27. The plating method of
28. The plating method of
29. The plating method of
30. The plating method of
31. The plating method of
32. The plating method of
33. The plating method of
The invention relates to apparatus and techniques for plating small surface features of an integrated circuit device.
As integrated circuit devices become increasingly complex and feature sizes become increasingly smaller, it becomes more difficult to plate conductive metals onto the very fine pitch features. For example, bond pads formed on dies require plating to form die contacts. Improper or incomplete plating of the bond pads results in die contacts having poor solderability, which decreases yield. Also, it can be difficult to maintain the stability of baths in which parts of various sizes are plated. Consequently, a system for plating small die features, using a stable plating bath, is desired.
The present invention provides an integrated circuit plating apparatus having a bath for plating die contacts on wafers. Prior to plating, die contacts are conductively connected to larger supplemental plating structures on the wafer. Initiating a plating reaction on the larger supplemental plating structures inductively activates plating on the smaller die contacts. The supplemental plating structures are sacrificed during subsequent processing. Advantageously, the supplemental plating structures also can be used for probe testing prior to die singulation.
The invention further provides a method of plating die contacts of a plurality of dice (chips) on a wafer, which includes fabricating the larger supplemental plating structures on the wafer, fabricating a conductive connection between the supplemental plating structures and the die contacts, maintaining a plating bath, inserting the wafer into the plating bath, and plating the supplemental plating structures and die contacts. Plating of the die contacts is induced as a result of the conductive connection to the supplemental plating structures. The method and apparatus facilitate the plating of a small contact feature of a wafer die while providing a relatively stable plating bath.
These and other features of the invention will be seen more clearly from the following detailed description of the invention which is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to
Each wafer 10 includes many dice. For clarity of illustration, only dice 18A�C, 20A�C, and 22A�C (collectively �dice 18�22�) are shown in
In accordance with the exemplary embodiment, plating of the small die contacts 70, 130, 150 of each die is promoted by forming conductive connections between the die contacts and a larger supplemental plating structure provided on the wafer 10. For example, as shown in
As shown in
The supplemental plating structures 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 are positioned about the wafer 10 such that the total number of dice on wafer 10 either is not reduced at all, or is reduced by a minimum amount by addition of the supplemental plating structures 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36. The supplemental plating structures 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 may be placed, for example, along the edge of wafer 10 where there is available space, resulting from the round shape of wafer 10 and the non-round shape of the dice array. In another embodiment, the supplemental plating structures 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 may be located in the dicing lanes, i.e., the so-called �street� areas, between the dice.
Since the conductive paths and supplemental plating structures can be sacrificed, these sacrificial features may be removed prior to, or at, die singulation. Accordingly, conductive paths and supplemental plating structures can be routed on top of the dice, provided that such routing does not interfere with the plating of the die contacts. Conductive path 54 is shown routed over die 22 in
Referring again to
Once the respective die contacts and supplemental plating structures are conductively connected, the wafer 10 is subjected to electroless plating. In plating processes in general, an oxidation-reduction reaction takes place in which suspended metal ions are reduced (i.e., gain electrons) in conjunction with a concomitant oxidation reaction (i.e., a reaction in which electrons are lost). The reduced metal deposits onto a surface, thereby plating the surface. In such a plating process, the rate of the plating reaction is determined in general by the bath temperature and the chelate concentration (i.e., the free metal concentration). Thus, the aforementioned plating process is not a diffusion-limited process, and the rate of reaction is independent of the size of the feature to be plated.
The electroless plating process of the present invention is a chemical reduction process which depends upon the catalytic reduction of metal ions in an aqueous solution (containing a chemical reducing agent), and the subsequent deposition of metal without the use of electrical energy. In the electroless plating process, instead of the use of electrical energy as the driving force for the reduction of metal ions and their deposition, the driving force is supplied by the chemical reducing agent in solution.
As discussed in greater detail below, a metal such as nickel can catalyze its own reduction. That is, the nickel metal itself has sufficient catalytic activity to oxidize hypophosphite salts such as those used within the bath 300. Such autocatalysis leads to the reduction of nickel ions in the bath, and thus the formation of nickel metal in the bath 300 instead of depositing on the surfaces that are to be plated. Therefore, the aforementioned stabilizer is required to prevent an autocatalytic, �runaway� (i.e., out-of-control) reaction. The stabilizer occupies reactive sites on the nickel surface, thereby physically preventing the solid metal surface from autocatalyzing a runaway reduction reaction. Because the stabilizer surface adsorbs, the rate of adsorption is dependent on flow rate and feature size. As flow rate increases, and/or size decreases, the rate of adsorption increases. Thus, the mechanism of an inhibition reaction that uses a stabilizer is diffusion limited and feature size dependent.
A stabilizer prevents runaway plating reactions, but at excess concentration levels the stabilizer 600 will occupy too many reactions sites, and will arrest plating in the bath altogether. Stabilizers surface adsorb, and the rate of adsorption is dependent on flow rate and feature size. Adsorption is directly proportional to concentration and flow rate, and is dependent on diffusion mode (i.e., linear or non-linear.) Thus, as the concentration and flow rate of the plating bath increase, the rate of adsorption increases. As a result, small-sized features easily become completely inhibited from plating in a bath with excess stabilizer. Determining the correct stabilizer concentration in a bath is related to the size of the features to be plated. Plating inhibition on smaller features can be reduced by reducing the amount of stabilizer in the solution, but only at the expense of plating bath stability.
Referring again to
It is important to note that the oxidation of a hypophosphite salt (e.g., NaH2PO2) can only occur with catalytically-active particles, such as palladium or nickel. As noted above, once nickel plating is initiated, plating will continue to occur because the nickel metal itself has sufficient catalytic activity to oxidize hypophosphite salts such as those used within the bath 300. Such runaway plating is undesirable, however, because it can quickly reduce the nickel ions present in the plating bath 300 to particles of nickel metal. These nickel particles summed together can constitute an enormous amount of surface area, and can destroy the plating bath by combining with the hypophosphite salts rather than diffusing to the surface of the bond pads to be plated.
In addition, the nickel particles can attach to the sides of the plating tank and associated plumbing. Should a plating bath enter a runaway state, it cannot be used and must be discarded. Also, any remnants of nickel left in the tank would then continue to be catalytic centers for plating in any new plating bath that was placed in the tank. Thus, the tank and plumbing would need to be cleaned in order to purge all nickel remnants from the tank. Such purging generally is done using 20�30% nitric acid.
The possibility of spontaneous reduction of nickel in the bath 300 can be mitigated by the use of stabilizers, such as those discussed above in connection with
The size dependency related to diffusion modes makes for difficulty in effective stabilization of a plating bath to be used for multi-sized surfaces. The impact of stabilizer reaching the conductive areas is much greater for small areas than for large areas. Once the amount of stabilizer diffusing to the surface of a conductive area (either large or small) to be plated becomes sufficiently large, the plating reaction will be chemically inhibited and will cease of its own accord. Thus, in a given plating bath it may be possible to plate areas measuring 100 μm on a side, but not those measuring 30 μm on a side. Accordingly, a compromise exists between overall bath stability and the size of the conductive area to be plated.
The present invention solves the aforementioned and other problems with its ability to plate small features, such as die contacts 70A�C, yet still have a relatively stable plating bath 300, by temporarily conductively connecting the bond pads 32, 34, 36 to the larger supplemental plating structures as shown in
A typical plating reaction does not occur instantly, but requires an initiation process to overcome the reaction threshold. During the time required to complete the initiation there is ample opportunity for stabilizer 600 to diffuse to the surface of an area to be plated and thus inhibit the plating reaction from occurring. Once this initial threshold is overcome and plating is initiated, however, the plating rate is sufficient that the rate of diffusion of stabilizer is insufficient to stop the plating reactions. Given a sufficient supply of plating bath, the plating process reaches completion only when there are no more areas on the surface which can be paired with the nickel ions. In effect, therefore, the plating process does not stop until the wafer is removed from the bath. The nickel ions not used in the plating process remain in the plating bath 300, but because of the presence of stabilizer 600, the nickel ions do not react with the hypophosphites.
As shown in
Various stabilizers can be used in bath 300 in accordance with the present invention. Generally, stabilizers useful in the present invention can include those from the following four categories: compounds of Group VI elements, such as S. Se, and Te; compounds containing oxygen, such as AsO2 −, IO3 −, and MoO4 2−; heavy metal cations such as Sn2+, Pb2+, Hg+, and Sb3+; and unsaturated organic acids, such as maleic acid and itaconic acid. Typically, the preferred stabilizers for the present invention are the aforementioned compounds of Group VI elements and heavy metal cations, with the heavy metal cations, and specifically Pb, being most preferred.
While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that many modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be considered as limited by the foregoing description but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
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Master Bath reveal...lots of pics!
I seldom post but I spend plenty of time on these boards and want to thank everyone here for all the knowledge you continue to impart. What a wonderful resource GW is for those of us who love to remodel, rebuild and redecorate! So glad I found this forum.
We bought my parents' home about three years ago and have been remodeling ever since. Built in 1980 it has a wonderful floor plan...just needed some updating. We rebuilt the master bath last fall and love every bit of it. My husband did all the carpentry, electrical, plumbing, painting, etc. - I think I'll keep him!
We took out one of two walk in closets (moved my husband's clothes into built-ins in the MBR), removed the old tub, and opened it up considerably. We love looking out to the back yard - it's completely private so we decided against window coverings.
Before - the original double vanity has been replaced by a built-in dresser.
The old bathtub and toilet were in a separate compartment
The shower had its own little room, too...
The window that had been above the tub is now in the shower. We took a picture to the artist and had it sandblasted...so happy with the result!
We added storage cabinets (made by DH) in the WC to replace a linen closet we are removing from the hall in preparation for our kitchen remodel later this year.
Closeup of the Margaux faucet...
This corner cab houses our electric toothbrushes - nice to have them out of sight.
Counters - Pacific Pearl marble, honed
Fabricator - GM Marble, Concord, CA
Cabinets - Custom, by Pritzkow Cabinets, San Ramon, CA
Drawer Pulls - Schaub Select 703PN Polished Nickel; Belmont Hardware, Walnut Creek, CA
Fan - Panasonic FV-20NLF1 Whisper Line 240 CFM Exhaust Fan; bought from Faucet Direct
Fan and Light Timer - Lutron MA-T51 Maestro Countdown
Faucets - Kohler Margaux; bought from Faucet Direct
Hand Towel Bars - Newport Brass 36-09 Keaton 8" curved towel bar; bought from Faucet Direct
Sandblasted Window - Custom, Lost Art Stained Glass Works, Pleasant Hill, CA
Mirrors - Channing Mirror, Williams Sonoma
Paint - Walls - Sherwin Williams Warm Stone; Trim & Ceiling - Kelly Moore Navajo White
Sconces - Visual Comfort Single Sconce Polished Nickel SS2011PN-FG
Shower - Hansgrohe 04220 C Thermostatic Valve and 28504 Raindance S Hand Shower Polished Nickel; bought from Faucet Direct
Shower Door - Frameless Door with Starfire Glass by All American Glass, San Ramon, CA
Sinks - Kohler K-2336 Devonshire 20" Undermount; bought from Faucet Direct
Tile Backsplash - Seagrass limestone honed 2x2s plus pencil; all tile - Western Tile, Dublin, CA
Tile Floor - Seagrass limestone honed 12x24
Tile Shower Floor - Basketweave Mosaic Honed Seagrass Limestone and Onyx
Tile Shower Walls - Jeffrey Court Classical Ivory Honed 9x18
Toilet - Toto Promenade CST424EFG-01; bought from Faucet Direct
Towel Stand - Newbury Towel Stand, Polished Nickel; Restoration Hardware
Towels - 1888 Mills; Amazon. Best towels ever!
Let me know if you have questions!
Beautiful! I love the creamy tones of the marble counters and limestone floor with the dark cabinets! And that vanity space--gorgeous! Enjoy!
Thanks for all the wonderful comments! We are thrilled with the outcome.
kailuamom - We got all the stone at Western Tile in Dublin...they have another store in Concord. Great service and pricing...wonderfully run, family owned. The limestone is by Marble Systems and the color is either Seagrass or Olive Green...the two are often used interchangeably.


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Transmission or maybe clutch problem??
I'm having a problem with my 91' Nissan Pathfinder (4wheel drive, manual) and I thought maybe someone would recognize this problem.
I noticed a few weeks ago that it seemed harder to shift gears, almost stiff feeling. But it seemed to loosen up and shift okay after driving it for awhile. In the last few weeks, it has gotten harder and harder to shift. No grinding really, only a few times, and the clutch seems a little easier to push down than before. On Saturday night, we left a Halloween party, and when we first got into the car, it wouldn't go into any gear at all. After the car had sat there idling for a few minutes, then we were able to push it into the gears and drive home, but it took some muscle to do so.
So...a friend of mine who know something about cars said it might be the hydrolics in the clutch, maybe needing fluid. Since I don't know much about cars, I just wanted maybe a general idea of what it might be before I go in and someone tries to charge me a million bucks.
Anyone have this problem or could take a guess what might be the problem? (I understand that I will probably have to take it in and get diagnosed by a mechanic anyways), but if it's just fluid or something, my boyfriend could do it and save us the money.
Thanks, Jenn
Definitely service the clutch hydraulics; if this is all original, very likely the clutch master is losing its effectness.. The symptoms shout out that the clutch is not being fully released, causing very difficult shifting..
You should have about 1/2" to 1" of free play at the pedal..As the clutch wears down, this diminishes..
Of course check the fluid in the master cylinder reservior, pump the clutch pedal a few times and see if it goes into gear any better. The free play is when you push the clutch pedal all the way to the floor, put it in gear, start to release the pedal and if the pedal has to travel quite a distance to make the truck move then the clutch is getting thin, and visa versa, if you have to push it in only a little to get the clutch to stop driving the truck then it is getting thin. What this looks like is all the work is getting done at the upper pedal travel equals thin clutch. Pumping the pedal makes things easier equals hydraulic malfunction, time to do some easy rebuilding.


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Gary Benjamin '70
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Open Registration begins Friday, April 3, 2015, and continues through Monday, September 8, 2015.
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All stated prerequisite or co-requisite requirements for any courses you wish
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To register for your course or courses in person, come to the Registrar's Office located in the Fletcher Center for
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Accepted students will register for classes during Orientation.
Please contact the appropriate department with questions regarding the tentative schedule.
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Fire Science with Honors...
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Fire Science
"I love the fast pace environment, the people in the profession, and the adrenaline rush of running into a burning building or saving someone's life," she says.
Rondeau chose Lake Superior State University because it offers the first accredited four-year fire science degree in the United States. She also jumped at the challenge of LSSU's Honors program, which requires her to complete 21 Honors credits, including 10 credits for an Honors seminar/thesis project.
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Avoiding a Strike Out
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Making do with some extra days in Stuttgart
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Pair of Cape Maye Weathered Adirondack Chairs with Side Table - 3-Piece Set - Barn RedItem # HN-TDJ075
- Built from eucalyptus wood
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Town Square
Unattended pot on stove sparks midnight blaze
Original post made on Dec 23, 2012
Read the full story here Web Link posted Sunday, December 23, 2012, 2:27 PM
Comments (1)
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Dec 23, 2012 at 4:44 pm
It's long past time that stoves are outfitted with timers, and temperature controls that turn of the stove if the surface gets too hot. Additionally, when either the timer turns off a burner, or the whole stove, an alarm would go off to alert the person(s) living in the space where that stove is located that there is a problem that needs their attention.
The hardware to perform these simple control operations is not expensive. The results of having these "smart stoves" would be a significant reduction in residential fires.
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Freebirds Palo Alto shutters, Pieology to move in
By Elena Kadvany | 15 comments | 4,073 views
A Glimpse into local HS Suicide
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I've never been able to muster as much enthusiasm for Barack Obama as many of my friends, but I was happy to see him win last night. He was clearly the better of the two choices, and his speech to the crowd at Grant Park was genuinely stirring. The election of an African American president is a great moment for the country.
Will Obama live up to the hype? I have serious doubts, especially given all the money he raised from the usual suspects and now with the early uninspired names being circulated for key posts in his administration. But no matter. If there's disappointment, it can come later. Today's a day to celebrate.
More from Ken Silverstein:
From the November 2013 issue
Perspective — October 23, 2013, 8:00 am
How pro-oil Louisiana politicians have shaped American environmental policy
Postcard — October 16, 2013, 8:00 am
A trip to one of the properties at issue in Louisiana's oil-pollution lawsuits
Acreage of a Christian nudist colony under development in Florida:
Continuing Care, Inc. (Venice, Fla.)
Florida's wildlife officials decided to remove the manatee, which has a mild taste that readily adapts to recipes for beef, from the state's endangered-species list.
A 64-year-old mother and her 44-year-old son were arrested for running a gang that stole more than $100,000 worth of toothbrushes from Publix, Walmart, Walgreens, and CVS stores in Florida.
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Respond to Review of Souper Salad - 44th St
by iggy
Review: a lot less selection. The price was very good as I was there on a Tuesday and they discount the salad bar by $1 on Tuesdays so the total with tax was about $6.50. There are several salads already premixed and a lot of choices of vegetables. They had a few soups but only 1 was vegetarian / vegan. There was a veggie lasagna and some baked yams and baked potatoes. If you like to eat a lot of raw veggies then this is a great place to fill up and not have to pay through the nose. Each selection has a blurb on what is in it and if it is vegan or vegetarian. Give them a try.
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- Reviews
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Rig Rundown - Billy F. Gibbons - ZZ Top
June 7, 2011
Rebecca Dirks is On Location with Elwood Francis, guitar tech for Billy F. Gibbons to check out Billy's live rig. See the Gretsches and Les Pauls, check out the detailed settings on Billy's Marshal JMP-1s, and learn what strings, picks, and slides Reverend Willy G. uses night after night.Read More
CD Review: Neil Young - "A Treasure"
May 17, 2011
Neil Young A Treasure Reprise A few explanations are in order to understand what's going on with this new live album. It contains material from Young's '84- '85 tour withRead More
Kick Out the Jams: Guitar Gamelan
May 17, 2011
In Umphrey's McGee, we really like to turn rhythm on its head and are constantly in search of cool ways to change up a boring stock riff. In thisRead More
CD Review: Todd Grubbs - "Return of the Worm"
May 17, 2011
Todd Grubbs Return of the Worm Grubbworm Music Readers email me all the time to ask if they can send in an album for Media Reviews consideration. I always encourageRead More
Rig Rundown - Luther Dickinson
May 11, 2011
PG's Charles Saufley is On Location at the Roxy in Hollywood, CA, where he catches up with North Mississippi Allstars and Black Crowes guitarist Luther Dickinson. In this segment, Luther Dickinson talks about the gear he's currently using on the North Mississippi Allstars' tour, which includes Fuch Amps, Gibson, Hagstrom, Epiphone, and Hofner hollowbody guitars, and Radial Engineering, Boss, and other guitar effects stompboxes.Read More
Interview: Elliot Easton - Hello Again
May 9, 2011
The Cars'' Elliot Easton talks about reuniting with his chart-topping new wave bandmates and using a bunch of guitars from his amazing collection to record their classic-sounding new album, Move Like This.Read More
The Thinking Shredder: Speed, Accuracy, and Dexterity
April 25, 2011
Breaking down large musical ideas and examples into manageable parts and practicing them over and over to develop speed.Read More
Rig Rundown - The Roots' Captain Kirk Douglas & Owen Biddle
April 11, 2011
PG's Rebecca Dirks is On Location at the IMU Lounge at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, IA, where she talks with the Roots' guitarist Captain Kirk Douglas and bassist Owen Biddle.Read More
Rig Rundown - Dropkick Murphys' Ken Casey, Tim Brennan & Jeff DaRosa
April 5, 2011
PG's Chris Kies is On Location at the Val Air Ballroom in Des Moines, IA, where he catches up with the Dropkick Murphys before their show. In this Rig Rundown segment, we get to hear from Ken Casey (vocals, bass), Tim Brennan (guitar), Jeff DaRosa (acoustic guitar, banjo, flute, piano, mandolin), and James Lynch (guitar).Read More
Extend Yourself: Upper Extensions of 7th Chords
March 28, 2011
While upper extensions apply to all keys and several different chord types, today we'll be looking at those of Gm7.Read More


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OC3D Reviews ›› CPU & Mainboard
XFX nForce 630i Socket 775 mATX Motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 27th February 2008
An nForce 630i mATX motherboard with integrated GeForce 7150 Graphics. Does this sound like the ideal HTPC motherboard for you?
MSI P7N SLI Platinum 750i based motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 18th February 2008
Another 7 series board, this time the MSI P7N Platinum. Will it turn out to be just the budget SLI solution you've been waiting for? Take a look
DFI Lanparty LT X38-T2R Motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 13th February 2008
Some of DFI's previous Lanparty branded boards have reached almost iconic status. Will their latest X38 based board be able to meet our expectations?
OC3D Articles ›› CPU & Mainboard
AMD-Based Apple Notebook Is In The Works
Matthew Fogg | 17th November 2006
Taiwan passive component makers are witnessing an aggressive increase in orders for high-capacitance multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), with most of the MLCCs having a capacitance of 22µF, and being for use in an AMD-based Apple notebook, sources at the makers noted.
Asustek Supports Intel's Quad-Core Launch
Matthew Fogg | 16th November 2006
Asustek Computers was ahead of competitors in terms of quantity of motherboards presented to support Intel's launch of quad-core CPUs, formerly known under the codenames Clovertown (for servers and workstations) and Kentsfield (for desktops). Read on to find out more...
AGEIA Technologies Launches "Fall For PhysX†Game Bundle
Matthew Fogg | 15th November 2006
AGEIA today reveals the details of its autumn retail promotion. Customers will receive three free games with the purchase of AGEIA's PhysXTM add-in board.
AMD Roadmap
Matthew Fogg | 15th November 2006
How is AMD planing to follow next month's debut of the 65nm Athlon 64 X2 processors it's codenaming 'Brisbane' - the 3800+, 4400+, 4800+ and 5000+? Read on to find out more.
XFX 780i SLI Motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 31st January 2008
Another 780i board goes through the rigorous Overclock3D test suite, but does XFX's offering live up to the rest of the top end boards?
Abit AN-M2HD mATX Motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 20th January 2008
Armed with Nvidia's 7050 IGPU, today we take a look at Abit's MicroATX, AM2 HTPC solution.
Asus P5N-T Deluxe 780i Motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 15th January 2008
780i boards are popping up all over the place. This time it's Asus latest Digital life board, the P5N-T Deluxe
Asus Striker II Formula 780i Socket 775 Motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 8th January 2008
Armed with Nvidia's 780i chipset the latest addition to Asus' ROG series looks like it could well hit the spot. But can it keep up with the beastly Intel P35 and X38 chipsets?
Asus P5E3 Deluxe WiFi-AP @n Socket 775 Motherboard
CPU & Mainboard | 10th December 2007
Asus are one of the world leaders in motherboard technology. Today we take a look at their feature-rich P5E3 Deluxe motherboard and give the OC3D verdict
Moore's Law Dead?
Matthew Fogg | 15th November 2006
For all you computer engineers out there, this may come as a shock: Moore's Law is dead according to the man himself. Read on to find out why.
Intel Unveils Plans For Pentium E2000
Matthew Fogg | 14th November 2006
A source among manufacturers reported that Intel has cancelled the Pentium E1000 previously planned for release in Q2 07. Instead, a new dual core Pentium E2000 family is to be introduced, enlarging the popularity of the dual core processor.
ASUS Unleashes the Striker Extreme
Derrek Huey | 12th November 2006
ASUS has pulled out all of the stops with their 680i SLI extreme overclocking board, the Striker Extreme.
ASUS Adds New Motherboard to AI Lifestyle Series
Derrek Huey | 12th November 2006
ASUS has announced a new addition to their AI Lifestyle series of motherboards utilizing the nForce 680i SLI chipset: the P5N32-E SLI.
Gigabyte To Establish A Joint Venture With ASUSTeK
Matthew Fogg | 9th November 2006
Gigabyte are to form a merger with ASUSTek, under the name "Gigabyte United Incorporated" in January 2007. The merger should remove allow for improved products from both.
Abit Launches IL9 Pro Motherboard
Matthew Fogg | 3rd November 2006
Abit Launches IL9 Pro Motherboard


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ok here goes.my name is izzy short for israhim(i know it sounds arabian or something)but im puertorican and dominican(weird mix) i like to dance and make beats at anytime(and i mean anytime)im pretty mucha well rounded person im fit and love to play sports video games,love watching movie and just trying out new things.im a middle child i have an older and younger sister so i was raised to treat women right.im very active and love to work. i can keep going but thats the fun part getting to know me.
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29 • Belleview, FL • Man
I'm looking for
- Women
- Ages 19–29
- Near me
- Who are single
- For new friends, long-term dating
My details
- Last online
- Jun 24, 2013
- Orientation
- Straight
- Ethnicity
- Hispanic / Latin
- Height
- 5′ 10″ (1.78m)
- Body type
- Athletic
- Diet
- —
- Smokes
- Sometimes
- Drinks
- Socially
- Drugs
- Never
- Religion
- Catholicism
- Sign
- Taurus
- Education
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- Job
- Other
- Income
- $30,000–$40,000
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- Has dogs
- Speaks
- English, Spanish (Okay)
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My self-summary
Write a little about yourself. Just a paragraph will do.
What I'm doing with my life
Don't overthink this one; tell us what you're doing day-to-day.
living it
I'm really good at
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sports,video games,listening,beer pong.
The first things people usually notice about me
I'm an empty essay… fill me out!
my smile
Favorite books, movies, shows, music, and food
Help your potential matches find common interests.
dont really have favorites i like mostly anykind of food.music is my life so anything but the blues or slow stuff.movies i like funny,action and horror.not much of a reader but i cant hate on it.how i met your mother,big bang theory,and family guy probably my top three
The six things I could never do without
Think outside the box. Sometimes the little things can say a lot.
family,music,friends,phone,food,and if i can find one my girl
I spend a lot of time thinking about
Global warming, lunch, or your next vacation… it's all fair game.
taking over the world.lol
On a typical Friday night I am
Netflix and takeout, or getting your party on — how do you let loose?
reaally depends cause i could work on saturday.if not i just wanna go out and do something
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I have the following problem:
My phonegap app makes use of cookies to perform user authentication.
It works on the 4.3 simulators in XCode, but as soon as I switch to the 5.0 simulators the server responds with "Error: No session". It seems that either the cookie is not submitted to the server or that the cookies are somehow modified?? When I start the 4.3 iPhone/iPad simulators it works perfectly.
Any suggestions why?


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Brickhouse Inn
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
Travel Blogs from Chelan
Wenatchee to Astoria Oregon
... Weather was pretty iffy most of the day but was a very scenic route. Stopped at Astoria at the Best Western - good hotel - rate $108 plus $15 for George. Was clean and relatively new. Ate dinner at the Ship Inn which was a good seafood place. Basic and definitely not fine dining but good ...
Off to Palm Springs
... strange but will have that available next year. Border guard confessed that they were concerned about lamb and goat when asking about meat? He did discover my bacon but let me go without any problems. Got as far as Wenatchee around 5:00. Stayed at EconoLodge - very basic - fairly clean but allowed pets and was cheap - $55.00 with only $10 for George. Wouldn't recommend but was OK - breakfast very very basic and couldn't even eat the ...
Wenatchee, Washington
I was excited to see central Washington as it's a place I'd never seen before. The drive from Seattle to Wenatchee was beautiful, driving along US2 was scenic and it was a gorgeous day. Wenatchee itself is much more industrial than I imagined, I assume its reputation as the apple capital of the world has something to do with that. ...
Lake Chelan Valley
... along the Columbia and Methow Rivers the charred landscape changed into dry grass hillsides, log ranch homes, cattle, horses and tumbleweeds. We arrived at our camp at Beebe Bridge Park along the Columbia River on a sunny afternoon. It was a great park with very large sites for only $15 per night. What a deal! And the walking trails along the Columbia River near camp were beautiful. For the next two days we ...
Apple Country update
... wagon," a far cry from the tourist-priced restaurants dotting the main street. It's a food truck, permanently parked at the laundromat, featuring some of the best Mexican street food I've had in a while.
I could get into the politics of immigration and migrant farm workers...but I'll stop with the observation for now and simply put tacos in my mouth hole.
Other places to stay in Chelan
The Lake House at Chelan402 W. Manson Highway, Chelan | B&Bfrom $248


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Extremely convenient location right next to the Rede bus station (we arrived late night).
The staff was very helpful and gave us excellent advice on what to see in Porto.
The room was facing a busy street, but the noise insulation was working well. Clean and simple room, comfy bed. - Anonymous
The hotel is located very centrally to sites in old centre. Location is shared by homeless people but there was no particular sense of threat from them. Hotel is a converted movie theatre and has retained this character in design features and furnishings throughout. Rooms spotlessly clean and well furnished to a basic level. Included desk writing area. Public spaces pleasant with garden area. Staff were very helpful and welcoming although pressed by the number of g - Anonymous
1.STAFF!!!This is something one needs to mention in the first place. Incredibly friendly people who always answer your questions and help with your troubles.
2. Location. And it's not only about the city centre! There's a supermarket on the groundfloor, several really nice restaurants nearby, metro station is 5 minutes walk from the hotel, etc.
3. Services. In this hotel you can find everything you need for a good vacation. - Anonymous
Very central location the room was quiet and kept very clean, the staffwere great on the last day we had to leave before breakfast and themember of staff on the desk offered to make us some coffee.The breakfastin general was fresh and good quality - Karen
Hotel is placed in the center of city, but in the rooms were quiet. My room had balcony with the look to main towers of Porto. The personel gave us the maps and explained clearly about hotel facilities, transport, sightseeing etc. on the arriving. - Irena
The location was fantastic and the staff very Friendly. The hotel was very affordable. - Anonymous
I really appreciate the location, just in the city centre, walkind distance to everything and nice square.
The parking is also a positive point. The cleanliness was good. Everyday the room is cleaned and the bathroom aswell. - Anonymous
Proximity to transport and city centre.Staff very welcoming and friendly. - John
I did like the helpful professional staff, clean rooms (i stayed in 2 different) and good price for a hotel in the very centre of Porto. - Natalia
The room was very attractively furnished with wooden (not plastic-
covered furniture), good lighting and linen with embroidery and
drawnwork curtains at the two large windows that overlooked the square,
where fruitrees were flowering. The staff was very helpful and
didn't switch to English when I spoke to them in my accented,
halting Portuguese. - Anonymous
good location, clean rooms, helpful hotel staff - Anonymous
it was like a hotel - huge beds! and it had a carpark, a great breakfast, and very helpful staff - Anonymous


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The 2010 Tablas Creek Vineyard Vin de Paille Sacrérouge is Tablas Creek's fifth bottling of this non-traditional application (to red grapes) of an ancient Mediterranean technique for producing dessert wines. Ripe grape bunches are carefully laid down on straw-covered benches in our greenhouses, and allowed to dehydrate in the sun. When the grapes reach the desired concentration (usually in about 3 weeks) they are crushed by foot and fermented in small open-top fermenters using only native yeasts. When they reach their desired level of extraction, we press them and move the juice to oak barrels to continue fermenting until it reaches an alcohol level where the sweetness of the wine is in balance with its acids, tannins, and mineral characteristics. The Vin de Paille Sacrérouge is made from 100% Mourvèdre grapes.
The grapes for our Vin de Paille Sacrérouge were grown on our 120-acre certified organic estate vineyard.
The 2010 vintage saw healthy rainfall after three years of drought. The ample early-season groundwater and a lack of spring frosts produced a good fruit set. A very cool summer delayed ripening by roughly three weeks, with harvest not beginning until mid-September and still less than half complete in mid-October. Warm, sunny weather between mid-October and mid-November allowed the later-ripening varieties to reach full maturity. The long hangtime and cool temperatures combined to produce fruit with intense flavors and dark color at low alcohol levels. Mourvèdre was harvested between October 4th and November 18th.
The wine, after pressing, was aged in three new French oak barrels for 15 months before being bottled in January of 2012.
The 2010 Vin de Paille Sacrérouge has a sweet nose of dates, plums, and figs, with dark cherries, black plum, cassis and chocolate in the mouth. The finish is sweet and long with lingering fig, chocolate, and mineral notes.
[...more recent Tablas Creek press]
Sold Out
Hundreds of you have joined us for one of our annual blending seminars over the years. If you haven't yet, let this be the year. Partner Jason Haas and winemaker Neil Collins will lead a barrel tasting of the individual varietals (both reds and whites), and will discuss how we turn roughly one hundred components into the blends and varieties we make each year. Then, you will be set loose with graduated cylinders to produce your own blends. Details & More Events »
We are thrilled to announce that we've received our shipping permit from the great state of Massachusetts. Residents of the Bay State can now order wine or become VINsider Wine Club members. More shipping news »
In August, Antonio Galloni published the results of his annual visit to Tablas Creek, and we were excited to receive such good reviews from this notoriously tough grader. Notes included the 2012 Esprit de Tablas Blanc (92 points; "impeccably refined"), 2011 Panoplie (94 points; "pure elegance"), 2012 Patelin de Tablas (90 points; "a gorgeous wine and a fabulous value"), and the 2012 Esprit de Tablas (93-95 points; "a fascinating Esprit to follow over the coming years"). Read the complete review » More recent press »
March 27, 2015
It's clear...that Facebook's changes are in full effect. At any given level of engagement (measured by Facebook) the percentage of our page's fans who we reach with a given post is roughly half what it was in 2013...So, if you're running a Facebook page for your company or your organization, what should you do? Read More »


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Fun Things To Do This Month!
|Bad Art Show ~ Loveland
March 5, 2015
Time: 3:30 PM - 4:30 PM
Location: Loveland Library
Website: cityofloveland.org
Impress the teenseen with your most awful art creation in this competition of the worst art!
Check out the flier.
For Tweens and Teens Grades 6-12.
For more information, please stop in or call the teenSeen. 962-2548.
|Traditional Irish Music ~ Loveland
March 17, 2015
Time: 7:00 PM
Location: The Rialto Theater Center
Website: cityofloveland.org
Join Adam Agee and Jon Sousa for an enchanted evening of traditional Irish music on fiddle, guitar, and tenor banjo. Their connection to their instruments and the transcendent energy in their music is guaranteed to captivate audiences of all ages. The duo brought the house down during an appearance at the Loveland Museum/Gallery in March 2014, and they are thrilled to return for a full-scale performance.
Tickets: $22 adult in advance, $15 senior/student/military in advance, $26 day of show.
|All-City Ensemble Extravaganza ~ Loveland
March 27, 2015
Time: 7:00 PM
Location: Rialto Theater Center
Website: cityofloveland.org
Enjoy the talent and performances of small group band and orchestra ensembles from multiple Thompson School District schools playing in support of Thompson Education Foundations Instrumental Music endowment fund. The young, talented performers will amaze with the mastery of their instruments at such young ages.
Tickets: $10 adult, $5 student.
|Great Plates of Downtown ~ Fort Collins
|March 1 - 14, 2015
Time: 5:00 PM - 11:59 PM
Location: Downtown
Website: downtownfortcollins.com
Did you know 14% of Larimer County residents live at or below the Federal Poverty Guidelines? The Downtown Fort Collins Business Association and member businesses have joined together to support the Larimer County Food Bank. Dining enthusiasts will be encouraged to celebrate the authenticity, quality and diversity found only in Downtown Fort Collins, at Great Plates of Downtown 2015.
Over thirty (30+) downtown restaurants will offer amazing evening dining specials from March 1-14, 2015! Each restaurant will be offering their own unique dinner specials for $25.00 or breakfast specials for $2.50 to show off their specialties and favorite ingredients. It could be dinner for four or it could be a gourmet treat for one, view our menu to learn more!
Please do not forget to donate during Great Plates! These amazing prices DO NOT include a contribution to the Food Bank for Larimer County. Any extra donation helps and only $0.25 provides a meal for a member in our community. A $10 donation provides 40 meals!
Great Plates of Downtown and diners from all over Fort Collins last year collectively raised $53,500 to donate to the Food Bank for Larimer County! In 2015, we are trying to reach our goal of $60,000 in donations to the Food Bank so please leave your donation in the envelope provided by your server after your meal. Donations, tax and tip are not included in the $25 meal package cost.
|Lucky Joe's St. Patrick's Day Parade ~ Fort Collins
March 14, 2015
Time: 10:00 AM
Location: Old Town
Website: downtownfortcollins.com
Lucky Joe's St. Patrick's Day Parade will bring out all of the Irish Folk and lots more on Saturday, March 14th, 2015! Come celebrate the luck of the Irish parade & party, both beginning at 10:00am. The parade & party are FREE to the public and open to all! Over 80 floats and Irish themed entries will parade along the streets of historic Downtown Fort Collins.
Parade Route The parade route starts North on Walnut, turns south on College Ave and travels in the south bound lanes until making a left on Magnolia. The last stretch of the parade will be north along Remington Ave. until it connects with Mountain Ave again and ends.
Old Town Irish Party Hosted by Wilbur's Total Beverage
Once you enjoy the parade, join us at Linden & Walnut until 5pm for the Old Town Irish Party. There will be live music, food, beverages, and entertainment for all ages.
|The Larimer Chorale Presents: The Singing of the Green ~ Fort Collins
March 17, 2015
Time: 7:30 PM - 8:00 PM
Location: Opera Galleria
Website: downtownfortcollins.com
Once every seven years or so, St. Patrick's Day falls on a Tuesday, the regular rehearsal night for The Larimer Chorale. On St. Patrick's Day, everyone is a little Irish, so how could we resist putting on the green and singing a free concert?
|First Friday: A Night Of Art ~ Greeley
March 6, 2015
Time: 5:00 PM - 8:00 PM
Location: Downtown Greeley
Website: wwww.greeleydowntown.com
Downtown Greeley is a vibrant and thriving community filled with creative industries, unique small businesses, and delicious dining options!
First Fridays are a collaborative effort by many of these creative businesses to establish a vital arts experience within the community.
For a complete list of gallery shows, visit www.greeleydowntown.com
|Blarney On The Block ~ Greeley
March 14, 2015
Time: 2:00 PM - 6:00 PM
Location: Downtown Greeley
Website: wwww.greeleydowntown.com
Go-Cup from 2-6pm
Parade @ 2:30pm From Tilted Kilt to 9th St
Entertainment, games and activities for the kids, and more
|Kiwanis of Greeley presents 'Stars of Tomorrow' ~ Greeley
March 28, 2015
Time: 7:00 PM
Location: Union Colony Civic Center
Website: ucstars.com
Kiwanis of Greeley presents 'Stars of Tomorrow'
Adult: $12
Student (age 3-18): $5
Children age 2 and under: Free (obtain free ticket at box office)
All seating is general admission.
|Bagpipes & Whiskey Tasting ~ Windsor
March 3, 2015
Time: 6:30 PM - 7:30 PM
Location: Windsor-Severance Library
Website: www.clearviewlibrary.org
Get in the spirit for St. Patricks Day. Scott Beach will play his pipes, take you on a virtual slideshow tour and share his whiskey knowledge, including a taste test!
Registration is required and a $5 refundable deposit. The deposit can be paid at the Library or charged to your library card.
This program is now full. Please contact Ally at email@example.com to be placed on the waiting list!
|Movie at the CRC: Boxtrolls ~ Windsor
|March 20, 2015
Time: 6:00 PM Box Creation; 7:00 PM Show Time
Location: Community Recreation Center
Website: windsorgov.com
DARE TO BE SQUARE and show off your style with a box of your very own to wear during the movie The Box Trolls at the Community Recreation Center! You create, and then watch a movie on the big screen! Box creation will begin at 6:00 pm with show time at 7:00 pm.
|Fancy Schmancy Egg Decorating ~ Windsor
March 24, 2015
Time: 6:30 PM - 7:30 PM
Location: Windsor-Severance Library
Website: www.clearviewlibrary.org
Take your egg decorating skills to a whole other level! Bring 2 hard boiled or blown eggs and the Library will provide the rest. Youll leave with 4 decorated eggs and some impressive new skills.
Registration is required.
|Hairspray ~ Johnstown
January 15 - March 8, 2015
Location: Candlelight Dinner Theatre
Website: www.coloradocandlelight.com
The big hit musical, winner of eight Tony Awards, that will sweep you away to 1960s Baltimore where the 50s are so out and change is in the air. Hairspray is a blockbuster winner with laughter, romance, and deliriously tuneful songs. Queen-sized teen Tracy Turnblad, who has all the right moves, turns her passion for dancing into a spot on the local TV dance program. Transformed into an overnight teen celebrity, Tracy teaches 1962 Baltimore a thing or two about integration and fair play. Watch as a larger-than-life adolescent vanquishes the reigning princess and her conniving mother, singing and dancing her way to her true love all without mussing her perfectly coiffed hair!
|Dr. Seuss Storytime ~ Johnstown
March 2-3, 2015
Time: 9:30 AM
Location: Glen A Jones MD Memorial Library
Join us for the fun as we celebrate Dr. Seuss' Birthday at story time!
|Library Birthday Storytime ~ Johnstown
March 23-24, 2015
Time: 9:30 PM
Location: Glen A Jones MD Memorial Library
Join us for the fun as we celebrate the library's birthday!
|Bridal Crawl ~ Estes Park
March 1, 2015
Time: Vendor Show Case 9am-11:30am/Venue Tours and Crawl 11:30am-3:30pm
Location: The Estes Park Resort
Website: http://www.visitestespark.com
Admission: $10 per person and $5 for additional person (only for pre registered guests)/$15 per person and $5 per additional guest at the door (cash only).
Allow us to share what Estes Park has to offer as your wedding destination. Enjoy the benefit of our vendors creative expertise to make your wedding day tailored perfectly for you. Check out the unique wedding memories Estes Park can offer your guests. Tour Estes Parks unique ceremony and reception sites. Chance to win fabulous prizes in addition to our VIP and Grand Prizes. Dream of the possibilities of your wedding in the breathtaking beauty of the Estes Park Rocky Mountains. If you are thinking about a mountain wedding, you dont want to miss this fabulous event... Grand Prize Giveaway 2 night stay at Estes Park Resort Season Pass to Rocky Mountain National Park Dinner for 2 Breakfast for 2 Movie Passes for 2 Ghost Tour at The Stanley Hotel for 2 Mini Engagement Photo Session Chocolate Basket VIP Prize Giveaway 1 night stay in Estes Park Dinner for 2.
|Lonigans St. Patrick's Day Celebration ~ Estes Park
March 17, 2015
Time: 7:00 PM
Location: Lonigans Saloon Nightclub & Grill, An Irish Pub
Website: http://www.visitestespark.com
Live Celtic Music with Indigent Row for our St. Patrick's Day Celebration!
|Snowshoeing Trek for Kids & Families ~ Estes Park
March 7 & 21, 2015
Time: Daily 9:00 AM - 1:00 PM
Location: 1895 Fall River Road, Estes Park, CO 80517
Website: http://www.visitestespark.com
Admission: $10 per person ages 5 and older
Discover the serene beauty of RMNP in the wintertime on this four-hour snowshoe hike. This fun and educational program will lead participants through snow-covered pine, spruce, and fir trees to learn how plants and animals survive winter using their unique adaptations and keen survival skills. Also, learn more about the properties of snow and how it can help the inhabitants of an area survive the long winter months.
|Colorado Hot Springs ~ Fun Year Round!
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Phone: 970-449-7100 x 2030
Mobile: 970-449-2978
Fax: 970-692-2644


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You would think that in a town of 250K I'd be able to find some clear vinyl tubing that fits my Better Bottle. However, the closest I'm able to get is about 1/2" too thin. It just rests inside the carboy. Is it necessary to have a tight seal on the blow off tube to the carboy? And any suggestions on how to do so?
Or am I worrying about this too much?
yeah, you want a good seal so that air can't get back in...I suppose worst case, some duct tape.
Definitley need a tight seal in the event you do have blow off. Otherwise the tube really isn't doing its job in directing the blowoff into your bucket.
As for getting it to fit? You could take a strip of white cloth...maybe a tee-shirt, cut it into a 1 or 2 inch wide strip, soak it in a sanitizer and then wrap it around the tip of the tube to make it bigger and then slide it snug into place.
There is not enough pressure to get through the fabric, but you'd want to make sure it is sanitized and when you remove to check your beer, good idea to re-clean it or use a new strip.
*******Check Out My Rolling KegeratorBierMuncher Tried & Trues: Tits-Up IIPA (3-Time Medalist), Black Pearl Porter, Kona Pale Ale, Outer Limits IPA, Centennial Blonde (4.0%), Nierra Sevada (SNPA), SWMBO Slayer Belgian Blonde,
I had the same issue getting a nice snug fit of the blow off tube to the BB closure. I found that not all of the 1/2 inch tube is exactly the same size. Some fit the closure quite tightly, while others are loose. If you can find the snug one great. If not, try heating the end of the tube with a heat gun and force something (round) that is a tight fit into the end of the tube. Let it cool, remove the object and check the fit in the closure. I was able to customize the tube to get a good seal. BTW, did you try a HD for the tubing?
Primary: , Boddington's Clone, Mirror Pond w/Marris Otter
Bottled: Fullers ESB Clone
Kegged: Mirror Pond Clone
Drinking: BM's Kona Fire Rock, Dead Guy Clone, Alaskan Amber Alt Clone, Firestone DBA Clone, Magnum/Crystal IPA
Next up: Burton IPA
Yep, I tried Home Despot. My brewing needs won over my boycott of that place.
Thanks for the tips!
I found my tubing at the Ace hardware store, in the plumbing dept. They have lots of different tubing with various ID and OD sizes. You can take the BB with you, and try them. If it's very snug, that's good.
Thos orange cap things fit nicely on a better bottle and then you can run a hose of one of the spigot things on top. Its not a huge hose I think like 3/8 or 1/2 fits it, thats what I use and it works great.
Another option is a coupler thing that has two different sized end I found some at lowes one end fits on the outside neck of the bottle and tightens with a clamp and the other en is smaller that the hose fits into and then tighten with a clamp
Those work for general blow-offs, but I had trouble with a higher gravity batch blowing that off, the smaller diameter tubing couldn't take the pressure. A carboy hood tied down with some string (or twine or nylon cord) would hold nicely though.
You are not alone. I think the opening is about 1 5\8 and I could not find tubing of that size. I just bought a rubber stopper and drilled it out for my 1 1\4 tube.
Maybe you could use a heat gun to soften up the tubing, then try to slid the tube over the top of the BB.
Primary: Nada
Secondary: Squat
Bottled: Nut Brown


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The Availity portal now requires a secure, modern web browser.
Please update your browser to continue using the Availity portal.
Soon, only supported modern browsers will be able to log into the Availity portal.
Many Availity features – especially the new ones – will not work in compatibility view.
Please turn this mode off for the best Availity Web Portal experience.
To protect patient information, Availity logged
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205 E National Ave,
This facility is open 24/7.
This is an opened surfaced lot located on the South East corner of National and Barclay street. The entrance to the lot is on National.
SpotHero will email you a purchase confirmation but no printout is required.
Just fyi, the price or availability might change if you choose different options here.


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The Operation: Military Kids (OMK) program will beending on March 31,2015.
For continued support, please be advised:
For Army National Guard Families: Get your youth involved with the State Child & Youth Program! Contact a Child & Youth Program Coordinator (or the State Family Program Director) near you to check out the program offerings and activities they can participate in visit: https://www.jointservicessupport.org/FP/Default.aspx and click on "Contact your local State Family Program Director, Airman & Family Readiness Program Manager, Family Readiness Support Assistant, Family Assistance Specialist or Child & Youth Program Coordinator" at the bottom of the page, then choose your state, for assistance in connecting with your Child & Youth Program Coordinator.
For Army Reserve Families: Get your youth involved with a Command Child, Youth, School Service Program! Contact a Command CYSS specialist near you to check out the program offerings and activities they can participate in go to http://www.arfp.org/cyss.php or Fort Family Support & Outreach Center at 1-866-345-8248 for assistance in connecting with CYSS specialist.
You may also visit the 4-H Military Partnership website at:http://www.4-hmilitarypartnerships.org
The goal of the South Dakota chapter of Operation Military Kids (OMK) is to support the children and youth who have a parent or parents who serve in the National Guard and Reserve. The South Dakota OMK state team has four main goals:
We would also like to recognize our OMK partners in South Dakota:
Thank you for visiting our website. If you have any questions about our mission or would like to contribute to this unique program, please see the contact information below.


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Hi Jeff,
I wanted to say "thanks". Unfortunately today, customer service is as rare as original Houdini posters. But not at MJM Magic. You took...Read More ->
So, I put in my order expecting it to be processed the following day or two... but nooooooooo... I receive in my email that my order had shipped...Read More ->


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Chevrolet Repair in Watertown
We found 35 Chevrolet service shops and mechanics in Watertown.
4 are RepairPal Certified.
Northside Auto & Truck
Watertown, WI 53098Map & directions
"They gave very good service. It was done in a fast manner to my satisfaction." - Miranda, Watertown, WISee more real customer reviews
Ryan's Auto Care Inc
160 Owen St(920) 319-4152
Lake Mills, WI 53551Map & directions
"Everything was handled properly, the work was done in a timely fashion and the prices were reason..." - Greg, Lake Mills, WISee more real customer reviews
Silver Lake Auto Center
N48 W36355 E Wisconsin Avenue(262) 477-4184
Oconomowoc, WI 53066Map & directions
"It's always a great experience. The service staff is wonderful and their goal is to please their ..." - Jon, Oconomowoc, WISee more real customer reviews
Topel's Towing & Repair, Inc.
1110 S. Main St(920) 287-0878
Lake Mills, WI 53551Map & directions
"I have been going there for many years and they have always do a good job." - Pat, Lake Mills, WISee more real customer reviews
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