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A system, method and apparatus for automatically providing audio-visual data to convey a dynamic session at a site to remote viewers, which includes capturing from image cameras (22), analyzing, and segmenting the data into distinct components differing from each other by at least one characteristic using the computer (21), selectively encoding and transmitting each of the components through a communication interface (25), and then decoding, reconstructing, and displaying the data to the remote viewers.
1. A method of providing audio-visual data to convey a dynamic session at a site to remote viewers, said method comprising:
capturing said data from said site;
analyzing said data;
segmenting said data into distinct components differing from each other by at least one characteristic;
selectively encoding said data components;
transmitting said encoded data components;
decoding and reconstructing said data; and
displaying said data to said remote viewers.
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Serial No. 60/250,692 entitled �System, Method and Article of Manufacture for Capturing, Recording, Transmitting and Displaying Multi-Channel, Multi-Layered Audio-Visual Information� filed on Dec. 1, 2000.
[0002] The present invention relates generally to the fields of processing, transmitting and displaying images, video editing, video streaming, remote presentations, and distance-learning systems.
[0003] To the extent not inconsistent with the present application, the following are incorporated by reference as if set forth at length herein: the �Interactive Projected Video Image Display System� disclosed under U.S. Pat. No. 5,528,263 (Platzkcr et al.); the �Method and Apparatus for Processing, Displaying and Communicating Images� disclosed in a non-provisional U.S. patent application filed Oct. 2, 1998 and assigned Ser. No. 09/166,211 pursuant to a provisional application under the title �Remote Virtual Whiteboard,� filed Oct. 3, 1997 and assigned Serial No. 60/060942; the �Method and Apparatus for Visual Pointing and Computer Control� disclosed in a non-provisional U.S. patent application filed Sep. 17, 2001 and assigned Ser. No. 09/936,866 pursuant to aPCT application filed Mar. 17, 2000 and assigned Ser. No. PCT/US00/07118 pursuant to a provisional application filed Mar. 17, 1999; and the �System, Method and Article of Manufacture for Capturing, Recording, Transnitting and Displaying Multi-Channel, Multi-Layered Audio-Visual Information� disclosed in provisional U.S. patent application filed Dec. 1, 2000 and assigned Serial No. 60/250,692.
[0004] Schools, universities, training centers, and other organizations utilize instructor-led sessions on a regular basis. It would be advantageous to these organizations and their membership to be able to effectively convey these sessions to remote members simultaneously as they take place (synchronously) or in recorded format (asynchronously). In the context of the Internet computer network there are avariety of eLearning technologies that address this need. Existing solutions vary in complexity, cost and the extent to which they offer the remote participant an effective learning experience. Presently solutions exist that provide the remote participant with an audio-visual presentation that attempts to approximate the physical classroom experience. These solutions present high-quality audio and video so that the participating student can see and hear what the instructor is saying and doing. They typically also provide some means of interaction between student and instructor and/or within a group of student members.
[0005] A simple eLearning solution that is easy to implement involves videotaping the lesson using a commonplace video camera (camcorder), which is set-up in a fixed position on a tripod, and transmitting the resulting video to students, e.g. over the internet. However, this solution has several drawbacks, including the following:
[0006] Video transmission requires high bandwidth (high speed connections) to convey even a mediocre experience. Teachers often combine verbal explanations/discussion with other means of conveying knowledge�for example: writing on a whiteboard or flipchart, showing objects, displaying slides, executing computer applications and pointing at charts and maps. Showing the fine detail of such activities�in acceptable video quality�requires very high bandwidth, which is not commonly available.
[0007] Capturing fine detail also requires high quality camera equipment or, alternatively, the ability to �zoom in� with the camera on the part of the scene containing the relevant information at any given time during the session. This implies using either an expensive video camera or hiring a camera crew that simultaneously captures the scene with different framing parameters.
[0008] An attentive, in-class (physical) student will usually view the front of the classroom and the instructor continuously, yet she will often shift the focus of her attention to the current �focal point� of activity�whiteboard, slide, chart etc. Since the remote participant's experience is, by necessity, less �all encompassing� than that of the in-class participant, it is important that the presentation be made as dynamic and engaging as possible to reduce the likelihood that the viewer will be distracted or will lose interest and discontinue viewing. In this regard, recording a static, unchanging view of the classroom typically produces a boring experience that is unlikely to retain the viewer's interest.
[0009] The most accessible means by which remote students can view a session is on a computer monitor, which necessarily limits the amount of visual information that can be displayed at one time. The precise limit depends on the displayed resolution (VGA, SVGA, XGA etc.). Even if the entire classroom were video-captured at the highest quality possible, much of the detail may be lost when large portions of the scene must be fit into a small display area on the monitor.
[0010] These observations highlight the fact that conveying an engaging and informative audio-visual classroom experience using the prior art necessarily involves a combination of expensive resources�high quality video equipment and/or professional personnel, as well as high speed communications. Given sufficient resources, an organization could achieve an excellent solution by placing several cameramen equipped with high-grade video cameras to record instructor-led sessions. Each camera would cover a different �shot� aimiing at a different focal point in the classroom and faming different sized views (greater or lesser zoom) of the scene. A director and/or editor would select the most appropriate shots either during or after recording and the result would be made available to remote participants. Theses would use high-speed connections (such as DSL or cable-modem or better) and high-resolution displays to view the video while retaining a sufficient level of the captured detail.
[0011] Prior art that partially addresses this problem includes the WebLearner product offered by Tegrity Inc. of San Jose, Calif. (www.tegrity.com). WebLearner software is based on the technology disclosed in the patent application titled �Method and Apparatus for Processing, Displaying and Communicating Images.� WebLearner utilizes inexpensive recording equipment to automatically record sessions that are based on slide presentations and that may incorporate other visual aids such as documents and three-dimensional objects that can be placed under a document camera. The instructor can write marlings on a whiteboard (for example, annotate slides projected onto that whiteboard) and can use the InterPointer device bundled with WebLearner to point at information on the board. The InterPointer is a laser-pointing device and software based on the technology disclosed in the patent application titled �Method and Apparatus for Visual Pointing and Computer Control.� In addition, WebLearner incorporates a touch-activated visual control panel that is projected onto the whiteboard. This panel, which is based on the �Interactive Projected Video Image Display System� disclosed under U.S. Pat. No. 5,528,263, allows the instructor to navigate through the slide presentation (advance slides) and control various aspects of the recording.
[0012] When viewing a session recorded with WebLeamer the remote viewer hears the instructor and sees a high quality playback of the information from the projected whiteboard area�including the projected slide, marker annotations and a �cursor� that indicates where the instructor pointed (with the InterPointer). A separate display window shows the viewer a small video image of the instructor.
[0013] While WebLearner addresses some of the problems in the prior art it has several important shortcomings when compared with the present invention. WebLearner records activity only in restricted regions�a portion of a whiteboard in which slides or computer applications are projected and annotated and documents or objects placed under a camera. Any activity outside these regions is lost to the viewer. In addition, the video image of the instructor conveys little information and, at best, provides a �social aspect��assuring the viewer that the instructor is a real person. This video is obtained from a camera that the instructor can aim at a limited area and requires that the instructor stay within the confines of this area to remain in view throughout the session. Since this video is displayed to the viewer separately from the whiteboard area it creates two focal points for the viewer, which may be distracting. Due to constraints imposed by viewer connection speeds and display sizes, the video window is small and at low connection speeds shows poor quality images, factors which severely limit the informational content that the video conveys. The resulting viewing experience, although engaging and efficient in recording and transmission resources, is narrow and restrictive and does not approach that of a person present in the recorded session or that of a broadcast-quality video presentation.
[0014] The present invention is a system, method and apparatus for automatic capturing, recording, transmitting and displaying of audio-visual information to convey a human-facilitated session at one site, referred to as the recording site, to remote viewers�in either synchronous or asynchronous modes. The present invention automatically assesses the instructional scene at the recording site, to break it down into meaningful components�which may be of digital nature, such as projected slides, or of the nature of video images�to transmit each component in a manner that best utilizes the available communication medium, and to reconstruct an engaging viewing experience for remote viewers. One aspect of the present invention is to provide the remote viewer with an experience that is similar to that of a viewer present at the recording site and of higher quality than transmitting an ordinary video recording over the same communication medium�for any given communication bandwidth. Another aspect of the present invention is to achieve this while utilizing only inexpensive, commonplace equipment and communication media at both the recording and remote viewing sites. Yet another aspect of the present invention is to operate automatically necessitating little to no human intervention. In the present invention, the recording site is equipped with a computer, including a sound recording device and one or more image sensing devices. Typically the site may be a room, such as a classroom, further equipped with a whiteboard and other visual aids such as flipcharts, posters and arbitrary objects. Often a projector is used to project information from the computer or from transparencies onto a screen or onto the whiteboard. The presentation and recording equipment are positioned facing the front of the room such that all the pertinent visual elements may be contained in the viewable scene. A typical example of such a visual scene is depicted in FIG. 1. An exemplary model configuration of presentation and recording equipment is shown in FIG. 2. During the session the facilitator or instructor [15] moves freely within the visual scene [11], gestures and points at its elements (e.g. at poster [14]), makes markings [17][18] on the whiteboard [12] and/or flipchart, projects multiple slides or images [13] via a projector [24], and manipulates physical objects [16] while verbally presenting subject matter.
[0015] The scene may be captured by one or more image sensing devices [22] throughout the session along with the audio of the instructor's speech [23]. The captured information maybe transmitted in real-time to the computer [21] for processing by software. The captured images provide both high definition images, in which fine detail is discernable, and motion video as a rapid succession of images (approaching 30 frames per second), which enables a viewing sensation of smooth motion. Acquiring these two types of images�high quality still images and high frequency motion video may require multiple image sources. For example, a digital stills camera, such as a Kodak DC4800 can periodically (e.g. at 5-10 second intervals) provide high-resolution still images, while a digital camcorder, such as a Sony TRV103 can provide a flow of video images of lesser resolution. These cameras are commonplace and inexpensive. Future technological advances or alternative components known by one of ordinary skill in the art may allow using a single image capture source to provide both sufficient quality and sufficient motion capture ability as required by this invention. Additional sensing devices may be used to acquire images of documents, three-dimensional objects or other visual aids used during the recorded session.
[0016] Inside the computer several software modules analyze the captured images in order to extract both visual and control information. Visual information may include the precise location (boundaries) and appearance of the human instructor, of markings and/or erasures made on whiteboards or flipcharts, of physical objects the instructor may be manipulating as well as locations at which the facilitator may be pointing with a finger, pointing stick or other device, such as a laser-pen. Control information includes decisions as to the current focal point of the session (e.g. has the instructor switched to a discussion centered on the poster [14]?), determining if the instructor is pointing at a visual element and interpreting session-navigation commands such as advancing slides, switching the projector source from a computer-generated slide to a document camera and more. The software can make most of these decisions in real-time, however it is advantageous to store interim information in local storage [26] to revise and improve decisions at a later time�during the session or immediately after its completion. Throughout the session processed information may be transmitted to remote viewers through a communications interface [25]. Alternatively (or in addition), the information may be kept in local storage [26] and transmitted for asynchronous viewing after the session is over. If, as mentioned above, the session undergoes improvement after completion, then asynchronous viewing may offer a better quality experience than synchronous viewing. The local storage [26] may also be capable of maintaining large volumes of �raw data� (such as video footage) on media such as disks or digital tapes allowing more intensive post-session automatic processing to further improve the session quality.
[0017] Another software component operates in a computer at each remote viewing site in order to display the session to the viewer at that site. The session appears composed much like a video recording, which shows a sequence of shots portraying some or all of the visual information from the recording site while playing the audio of the instructor's speech. The framing of each shot, i.e. what portion of the visual scene will be displayed, is determined by the software at the recording site, although the viewer may be given the ability to override this automatic mechanism and �navigate� to other parts of the scene at will. As an example, referring to FIG. 1, when the instructor is discussing the poster [14] the shot framed for (preferred) viewing may show the area enclosed in the dashed line [19]. When there is no specific focal point in the scene or when otherwise deemed appropriate, a shot of the entire viewable scene [11] may be used. The present invention includes specialized software algorithms for deciding how best to frame the preferred shot at any given time and for transmitting only small amounts of information to remote viewers in order to display it.
[0018] The software modules at recording and viewing sites employ a layered model of the target scene as depicted in FIG. 3. This figure shows a flattened view of the visual elements in FIG. 1 as seen from above. Each labeled item corresponds to the item in FIG. 1 with the same units digit: the entire scene [31] corresponds to [11], the whiteboard [32] to [12], poster [34] to [14], instructor [35] to [15] etc. Elements overlap and are seen layered on top of each other based on their relative distance from the recording equipment. For example, in reality, the whiteboard is hung on the background wall, slides are projected onto the whiteboard, markings are made on the slides and the instructor walks in front of all of these. Hence, in the layered view we see the whiteboard [32] above the background [31], the slides [33] over the whiteboard [32] etc. The segmentation of the scene into distinct visual elements and the layering of these elements are central to the operation of the invention. The visual activity on each individual visual element in the scene is tracked throughout the session recording, and the layering model is used in transmitting and displaying only small amounts of information required for reconstructing the shot displayed to remote viewers. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, when the current shot frames the area indicated by [19] the information displayed to the viewers is contained in the layers enclosed by [39]. Consequently, for this shot the system may transmit information only from these regions of the specific layers. Since some layers are relatively static and unchanging (background), we may further reduce transmissions by sending information only about the changes to the specific layers that do undergo changes when those changes occur.
[0019] The present invention is not restricted to the specific visual elements described herein nor to any specific combination or layout of elements. The scene may be as simple as a blank wall with a person in front of it or as complex as an arrangement consisting of multiple instances of the elements mentioned above with the addition of other elements not specified here. Other sources of information may also be integrated to enhance the instructional experience. For example, electronic whiteboards or other input devices and information sources may supply additional layers, which can be combined with the existing layers to create an enhanced learning experience within the framework of this invention.
[0020]FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the principal processing components of the invention The recording site [410] acquires visual input from one or more image sensor devices [411 ]. Each sensor has a Capture module (or driver) [412] capable of acquiring images from that sensor. Each sensor and its associated capture module are configured to provide images at predefined resolutions, frame-rates and quality settings to one or more Element Tracker modules [413]. Depending on the capabilities of each sensor, the Element Tracker modules may control the acquisition of frames. For example, a stills camera may be commanded to snap pictures at instances dictated by the Element Trackers that analyze the images that it provides. Each Element Tracker is responsible for tracking the activity of a particular visual element. It provides both the captured image data and information specifying: whether there is activity on the element or not, what the nature of that activity is, and the precise location or boundaries of activity in the image. For example, an Element Tracker that tracks activity on the whiteboard [12] would detect that new markings [17] appear on it and would output this fact and the relevant image data. As another example, an Element Tracker responsible for tracking the instructor [15] would indicate instructor motion in the scene, the precise boundaries of the instructor in the image and information about the instructor's gestures (e.g. pointing).
[0021] All tracking information is routed from the Element Trackers [413] to the Automatic Director [414] and Layer Encoder [415] modules. The former combines all information about current activity along with other information about the session and predetermined constraints and produces directives that are passed to the Layer Encoder [415]. These directives indicate the framing parameters of the current preferred shot. These parameters include the bounding rectangle of the visual scene that should be used for the current shot and the �zoom factor,� or equivalently the bounding rectangle in the target display that the current shot should be rendered upon. Another parameter indicates which of the layers should be displayed for this shot (for example, the Automatic Director may decide to hide the instructor). The Automatic Director also saves some information to Session Storage [416] for later use during the session and for post-session improvement performed by the Post-Processing module [417]. The Layer Encoder [415] uses the image data provided by the Element Trackers [413] and the shot-framing directives provided by the Automatic Director [414] to determine the precise image information that must be encoded and transmitted to remote viewers. It analyzes the changes in each visible layer within the framed shot, determines what information should be used from each imaging source, produces the composite result and, as output, encodes the minimum amount of information to represent the changing appearance of the shot. The Layer Encoder may save information to Session Storage [416] for later processing. It will also save all transmitted information to Session Storage for later retrieval by asynchronous remote viewers. The invention may also be used without synchronous transmissions, in which case all output is stored for asynchronous viewing. To encode the information the Layer Encoder may utilize encoding procedures that have become industry standards, such as MPEG-4.
[0022] Each viewing site [420] provides the Viewer [421] with a Viewer Interface module [422], which displays information and allows the Viewer a measure of control over the session playback. The Viewer Display module [423] receives the session's visual and audio data (audio path not shown) from the communications Network [424] and reconstructs the visual appearance of the required shots by decoding the image information and displaying it in the appropriate layers via the Viewer Interface module [423].
[0023] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention as described herein builds upon prior art for capturing and processing audio and visual data. Specifically, it utilizes the WebLeamer product and the InterPointer device described above to provide audio input and to analyze and produce visual information about a portion of the whiteboard, which is typically used with the present invention. It also uses various information encoding techniques from prior-art, such that the stream of information representing each component of the visual scene is encoded in a manner appropriate to its nature and its rate of change. For example, the video image of the instructor is encoded using a video codec, such as MPEG-4, while projected slides are encoded individually as distinct compressed images using one of several graphic formats common in the industry.
[0024] The exemplary embodiment may be well suited to record sessions in rooms that are similar to what is shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the central modules for the preferred embodiment. In FIG. 5 the generic modules of FIG. 4 have been replaced with modules that are specific to this embodiment. Several modules of WebLeamer, for example those that control capture from a document camera and the projected touch panel, have been omitted for the sake of brevity. The recording site [510] has one or more Video Sensors [511 a] that are trained at portions of the visual scene [11]. For example, one digital camcorder may capture the entire scene and another video camera may capture only the area of projected slides [13] as WebLearner does today. Another Stills Sensor [511 b] is trained on the entire visual scene [11]. This is a high-resolution digital camera that captures background images periodically and upon demand. As stated above, additional cameras, such as a document �visualizer� camera may also be incorporated into the system. The Video Capture modules [512 a,b] acquire the images and pass them to appropriate tracking modules. Note that video images may also be retained in video storage (such as a camcorder's tape cassette) for retrieval during post-session processing�hence the connection shown to the Session Storage [516].
[0025] Each of the tracking modules [513 a-d] tracks activity for a different layer of the visual scene. The Whiteboard Tracker [513 c] and Pointer Tracker [513 b] detect markings/erasures on the whiteboard or other writing surfaces and pointing by a pointing device respectively. They are based on the capabilities of WebLearner and InterPointer, however they are not restricted to the projected area of a whiteboard [13]. Common detection techniques adopted from these and other prior art make it possible to accurately defect the location and appearance of markings (and erasure) made on the writing surfaces [12] in the entire visual scene [11] as well as the activation of a pointing device such as the InterPointer anywhere in the scene. These trackers provide the visual input required for such layers as [37] and [38] and a �pointer� layer not depicted in FIG. 3.
[0026] The User Tracker [513 a] detects the instructor [15] in the sequence of video frames and is capable of defining an accurate outline of the instructor in any of the given video images. Given a stable, unchanging background this can be accomplished with techniques that are common in the art, such as background subtraction, motion analysis and optical flow. In addition, it can determine whether the instructor appears to be pointing (e.g. at the poster [14]) and will usually supply an accurate determination of the direction at which the instructor is looking�based on an analysis of the orientation of the instructor's face. These capabilities utilize shape and feature recognition techniques also common in the art. The User Tracker provides visual information about the instructor layer [35] as well as the �pointer� layer.
[0027] The Background Tracker [513 d] provides high-resolution images of the entire visual scene [11] and any temporally stable portions thereof Periodic captures allow updating the current background layer [31] as well as providing updated high quality visual data for any other layer�for example, to display previously written markings with higher quality. Additional Element Tracker [413] modules may be implemented to provide specific tracking for other visual elements such as physical objects [16], posters, charts and maps [14] and more. This is warranted when specific activities exist that are related to these elements or when specialized image processing is required.
[0028] The various tracking modules supply image data and information about the activity related to the different visual elements to both the Automatic Director [514] and the Layer Encoder [515]. In order to properly interpret the image data arriving from multiple capture sources these modules must be able to perform a geometric matching, or warping transformation that eliminates the differences in perspective between the sensors and optical distortions that each sensor may have. All visual input is transformed by a warping process to a common coordinate system for the entire visual scene. The computation of the warping transformations is accomplished before the session starts by a calibration process such as that described in the aforementioned prior art.
[0029] In addition to the visual information it receives, the Automatic Director [514] may be notified of events that are generated by other software modules operating on the computer. For example, if slide-presentation software is controlling the display of slides, a Projection Tracker (not shown) can notify the Automatic Director when the currently projected slide is changed (advanced). Based on the input it receives, the Automatic Director [514] determines whether there is currently a specific focal point of activity, and�based on this determination�it decides how best to frame the preferred current shot and how it should be displayed to the viewer. In general, the Automatic Director may distinguish between a �long shot� of the entire visual scene [11], �medium� shots showing a subset of the scene that contains a large portion of it, and �close-up� shots that contain only a small region, such as the projected area [13] or poster [14]. Once a particular shot is chosen it will remain the active preferred shot for at least a minimum duration of time (for example, several seconds) to avoid creating an unpleasant viewing effect of extremely rapid jumps. Once this minimum interval has passed, the next transition may take place if the focal point of activity appears to be changing. It can be performed either during a single cycle or as a gradual transition over several cycles. By using a gradual transition the Automatic Director [514] can create a �panning� effect to simulate a slow turning of the camera so as to smoothly follow the motion of the instructor. This module also decides which layers should be displayed in the shot (e.g. with or without the instructor) and the precise definition of the source and target display areas, i.e., the rectangular area in the visual scene to transmit and the rectangular area that this information should occupy on the viewer's display. FIG. 6 provides a simplified flow-chart of the logic that the Automatic Director may use in its analysis to decide on the current shot.
[0030] First, based on its inputs the Automatic Director determines if there is activity in any specific focal point being tracked by the tracker modules [601]. If there is, it determines the shot that optimally contains this activity [602]. This is determined as follows. The Automatic Director first checks if at least one of the visual element tracking modules [513 a-d] has reported activity related to its visual element, such as written markings or pointing, or if external software has reported a recent event, such as slide navigation. For each reported activity or event the Automatic Director is provided with geometric information defining the region of assumed activity. Probability information may be added to indicate the degree of certainty associated with the reported activity. When there are multiple, conflicting activities the Automatic Director can use a heuristic algorithm based on the available information and based on a predefined prioritization of activities to determine the optimal shot. When such a decision cannot be made with a high degree of certainty, the Automatic Director may avoid close-up shots and give preference to longer shots, i.e. it may choose a view that safely includes current activities without �zooming in� on a potentially inactive region. Once the optimal shot is chosen, we proceed to check if this shot differs from the current shot decided in the previous operation cycle [604]. If not, there is no need to change shots and the cycle completes [612]. If the new shot differs from the current one, consideration is given to changing the current shot by testing the duration of the current shot [605]. Similarly, if no specific activity was detected [601] and the current shot is not a �long shot,� i.e. it frames a specific focal-point, consideration is given to changing to a �long shot� and proceed to [605]. If the current shot has not been active for a predefined minimum duration, e.g. 3 seconds, it may be unnatural to switch so soon to a different shot. Therefore, a �hint� for post-session improvement [606] may be stored, indicating that the Post-Processing module [517] should reconsider whether the current shot should be retroactively replaced with the new preferred shot. However, in real-time operation the shots may not change if the current shot has not been active for the predefined minimum duration and the cycle completes [612]. A possible exception to this rule occurs if the new shot can be reached by a small amount of �panning,� i.e. by shifting the rectangle of the source area, in which case the Auto Director can decide to initiate a limited panning operation before the fill minimum duration has been reached. Otherwise, if the current shot has been active long enough, a change to the new shot will occur. However, first a determination may be made as to whether all layers should be visible in the new shot. For example, the Automatic Director decides whether the instructor should be visible to the remote viewer. This decision can be based on various considerations�whether the instructor is blocking fine detail that ought to be left visible (e.g. text on the poster, slide contents or annotations etc.), whether the instructor's current gestures may be of interest to the viewer, how large the instructor appears in the shot, and other considerations. In FIG. 6 a simplified decision based only on the instructor's size is shown. This consideration is based on an assumption that when the image of the instructor is very large in the given shot, too much communication bandwidth maybe required in order to transmit the instructor's image with good quality and it is also possible that the instructor is blocking other, useful information. Hence in [607] a check is made to determine if the instructor's relative area in the shot exceeds a predefined limit. If it does, either the instructor is removed from the layered result [609] or the instructor's image [610] is �clipped�. The distinction between these possibilities is made based on heuristics as to whether the instructor's presence in the viewed image is informational for this shot or not [608]. In any of these cases the current shot is ultimately changed to the newly determined one [611]. It should be noted that an alternative to removing or clipping the instructor's image [609], [610] is to dynamically produce scaling parameters for the region of the images containing the instructor. When the instructor's size grows in the video, image bandwidth can be conserved (with some loss of quality) by scaling down the region containing the instructor. The converse holds as well. In either case this does not affect the resulting viewing experience other than in aspects of video quality.
[0031] The Layer Encoder module [515] generates and efficiently encodes a layered composite view of the visual scene that changes throughout the duration of the session. The first layer is the background of the visual scene [31] and consists of a static (unchanging), high-resolution image, which can be acquired from a stills camera. This image can be encoded in JPEG format, for example, and transmitted once�either in full quality for advance transmission when the session begins playback or by gradually improving it over time using standard progressive encoding techniques. The next image layer consists of the projected slides or other computer-generated images [33], which are obtained either from the software application responsible for projecting them (as in WebLearner) or from a high-resolution camera source. These images are also encoded using standard graphic formats. The next layer contains markings on writing surfaces such as the whiteboard or flipchart [37] [38], which can utilize standard raster or vector representation formats. The next layer displays a �cursor� to indicate pointing with the InterPointer, other pointing device or the instructor's finger. This is encoded simply as a time-stamped coordinate pair. The next layer contains the moving image of the instructor [35]. This may be encoded using a standard video codec. Finally, any object manipulated by the instructor may occupy yet another layer [36]. Additional layers are conceivable depending on the configuration of the recording site.
[0032] The changes to each layer are encoded in an efficient manner using well known encoding techniques for still and video images, while omitting information that does not change from one processing cycle to the next. The encoding algorithm differs for each layer and is adapted to the particular attributes of that layer. For example, the fine details of markings are best encoded using lossless compression methods as opposed to lossy compression techniques typically used for background images or motion video. In addition, each layer requires updates at a varying rate. The background may be essentially static and may never require updating. Slides, annotations, and other elements may change infrequently and thus require periodic updates of localized regions. On the other hand, the instructor's appearance and location may change rapidly and require frequent updates. Thus, the segmentation into distinct layers, each of which has a different characteristic rate of change and where each layer can be optimally encoded using an algorithm that best suites its visual properties and its contribution to the informational content of the session provides a significant advantage in data compression, which results in efficient use of bandwidth-limited communication channels. It is possible to use tools based on standards such as MPEG-4 to encode several of the described layers inside a single encoding framework while maintaining bandwidth efficiency. Specifically, some video encoding frameworks support the encoding of arbitrary shaped objects and can be used to efficiently transmit components of the visual scene described herein. Alternatively, ordinary video codecs that handle rectangular video may be used to encode the instructor image. In this case, high quality can be maintained by encoding a modified video image in which the background (non-instructor) regions have been transformed so as to minimize the bandwidth required to represent them. Techniques that may be used in this regard include, for example, low-pass filtering background regions to remove edges and overlaying the most recent instructor region on top of the previously encoded image without modifying the background�thus minimizing the amount of change between successive encoded frames. Any useful transformation maybe performed on these regions to minimize their impact on communication bandwidth because they are ignored when decoding the data stream and reconstructing the visual experience.
[0033] The resulting information is both stored in Session Storage [516] and transmitted to the Internet (or other network) [524]. The Post-Processing module [517] operates after the session completes by accessing all the stored data and revising the decisions and layered image results of the real-time session to produce an improved result. In addition, a module for manual editing of the session may be used to allow a human operator to further improve the session by overriding automatic decisions, removing unwanted segments, adding other resources etc.
[0034] At a remote viewer's site [520] the Viewer (human) [521] may use a standard �internet browser� software interface [522] to view the session. The Viewer Display module [523] decodes the data that was transmitted from the recording site, reproduces the composite layered view that corresponds to what the Layer Encoder [515] maintained during the recording, and displays the result via the Browser Interface [522]. At the remote viewer' site, for both synchronous and asynchronous modes, the Viewer can turn off the Automatic Director and decide to zoom-in, zoom-out or shift the view of the Viewer Display to other parts of the scene, if provided. Visual information for parts of the scene that lie outside the current preferred shot is provided to remote viewers to the extent that communication bandwidth is available.
[0035] The techniques described herein are not limited to any particular hardware or software configuration; they may find applicability in any computing or processing environment. Additionally, the techniques set forth above may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination of both. As will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, that while the exemplary embodiments described herein characterize the present invention as being utilized over the Internet, access could also be provided by over any type of public access network or private access network. Moreover, while the present invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to an exemplary embodiment, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
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I need three people who are serious about getting these two achievements. gamer tag: Megachief118. Add me and send me a message if you are interested in helping out and we can set up a time to go for it. Thanks!!
Varkias175/8/2012 8:27:20 PM PermalinkIf anyone here wants to do this and any other achievements message me my GT is TDS Varkias. I am good and have a mic, plus i can get a few other people if needed
nickstinson5/8/2012 6:31:44 AM Permalinkaye if you guys need a extra clan member on halo 3 or maybe even reach just send me a request cause im looking to join a hardcore gaming group... (Spartan NS42).....
Jams135795/8/2012 3:08:46 AM PermalinkYo just wondering if you still wanted to play some firefight with 2 other people with the same settings as endure just for fun because it was a challenge
OmnipotentChad5/2/2012 11:16:31 PM PermalinkThe ODST Firefight 200k missions are a pain, any help would be appreciated on this end of the Halo Universe.........it can be done with two people minimum, I've yet to find a way with a single player.
r1chybob5/2/2012 7:11:38 PM PermalinkHey man, I'm serious about it if the offers still up? Please reply so I know :)
Joshhlynn3/7/2012 12:45:25 AM PermalinkI'm in!! Anytime!! gamer tag is xXxJay RoObxXx I'm a good halo player and have a mic :)
Nuka3/5/2012 1:09:49 AM PermalinkI've got me and another guy here who would like to. So that's 2.

subset: commoncrawl


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3 Different Bottles
Closed - This job posting has been filled and work has been completed.
Job Description
We need a rendering of three different bottles with our three different logos on them. Details on PDF. Please send your Skype ID for a more effective communication.
Thank you
Skills: rendering


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ETL: The characters of 'Hello Dolly'
POSTED: Thursday, May 1, 2014 - 12:37pm
UPDATED: Thursday, May 1, 2014 - 12:38pm
The Brook Hill School's Annual Spring Musical
Tyler, Texas (KETK — Jazmen Jones, a senior at The Brook Hill School and Claire Dixon, a junior at the school stopped by KETK.
The ladies tell Bob and Jen about their rolls in 'Hello Dolly.'
For more information go to www.brookhill.org
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What's going on, Albuquerque?
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If you live in Valencia County, you better check your tickets!
$1 million Mega Millions ticket sold in Valencia Co.
A Mega Millions…
Were you there for Doug's final weekend at Ed's Karaoke?
One Last Time.......
Tonight a bunch of friends I made at the old Ed's…
• "Sunday Poetry" with The Ditch Rider Johnny_Mango
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Last night Mr. Ron Bowen, of Metzeler and Pirelli tires, was in the store to present the Technology of Tire Traction seminar. About forty of Road Rider's customers attended, and the hottest topic of the night was tire pressure. The subject is widely neglected, but it is one that is of paramount importance to your […]Full article
The Rev'It! Tornado Jacket looks and fits great on every woman, and is an excellent jacket pick for a variety of weather conditions. It's uniquely suited for our milder winter and hotter summer climate conditions because this mesh jacket also features an insulated, zip-out thermal liner. In the fall, spring, and summer the warm and […]Full article
Category: FULL SYNTHETIC Motul 300V motor oil is widely used by world class MotoGP and Superbike teams, and is considered one of the best fully-synthetic racing-grade motorcycle oils available. 300V is a blend of two different high-grade ester bases – what Motul calls a "diester" oil. This blend gives 300V the most ideal metal bonding […]Full article
Replace stock mirrors with a set of Lockhart Phillips bar end mirrors to clean up the front end of your bike. They can also take the place any old, damaged, or vibrating mirrors, and make your bike look good at the same time. Folding Bar End Mirrors Precision machined from 6061 CNC machined aluminum Features […]Full article
The Rev'It! Women's Airwave Jacket is featherweight, stylish, and cut specifically for a woman's shape. The good looks, excellent airflow, and impressive level of abrasion resistance of the Airwave has been convincing enough to make it one of our best selling jackets. The Airwave's shell is constructed with Rev'It!'s PWR Shell Mesh material so it […]Full article
After perusing the new Motorcycle University website and talking with one of the founders of the school, I found myself taking a stern look at my own riding skills. I would describe them as both incidental and mediocre. Mediocre because I have a few miles and a few bikes under my belt. And incidental because […]Full article
"We're happy to share it with the world but honestly… we're just happy to get to ride it." A phrase I ran across on the Erik Buell Racing website describing their feelings towards their stunning new street machine, the 1190RS, may also capture the sentiment that carried the day at the 5th Annual Quail Lodge […]Full article
The Cardo Scala Rider Q3 delivers the full array of the newest intercom technology, and does it in Scala style – with excellent audio quality and reliability. The Q3 or Q3 MultiSet enables solo or two-up riders to connect wirelessly to their mobile devices, music, GPS, and communicate with each other and other riders. Sitting […]Full article
The Cardo Scala Rider Q1 TeamSet is the perfect companion for two-up riders who want wireless connectivity to their mobile devices, music, GPS, and between each other, but don't require intercom capability that connects them to other riders. With the Scala Rider Q1, you can wirelessly listen to your MP3 player or the built-in FM […]Full article
You can't go wrong with Joe Rocket's versatile textile jacket, the Atomic 4.0. It's waterproof, impressively vented, and good-looking on every bike and bike owner. Priced under $200, the Atomic is a fantastic value for an all purpose riding jacket. Venting is plentiful on the Atomic, allowing for effective airflow through the arms and body. […]Full article


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Quality Inn Outlet Mall
2310 State Road 16
Saint Augustine, FL 32084
Phone: (904) 823-8636
Fax: (904) 823-8728
The Raintree Restaurant
An elegant, century-old Victorian home, the Raintree is a five-time recipient of Florida Trend magazine's 10-best award and a 12-time winner of its coveted Golden Spoon Award. The menu features Crispy Coconut Shrimp Sticks with a sweet and spicy Thai Chili dipping sauce, Cashew Crusted Pork Tenderloin Mignonettes with Champagne and Raspberry Sauce, and Mahi Mahi and Blue Crab baked in Puff Pastry topped with a champagne-honey-saffron glaze. There are also classic favorites including Beef Wellington, rack of lamb and a wide variety of seafood, chicken, steak, lamb and pasta for those looking for a familiar taste.
102 San Marco Avenue
St. Augustine, FL 32084
+1 904 824 7211
Earn valuable points toward free nights.


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Early/Old HUGE Treen Wooden Dough Bowl In Blue Paint
- Sold for: Start FREE Trial! or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category:
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Oct 27,2010
- Channel: Online Auction
A FANTASTIC HUGE treen wooden dough bowl with the BEST form in blue paint.This is certainly the best bowl I have had in years-I've kept it for awhile, and now must move it along. It's entirely hand turned on a foot powered lathe with great turn marks and has shrunk to the most desirable oval form with the uneven rim that I like so much-It also has the nice beefy raised lip and a very slight raised foot. The condition is EXCELLENT as you can see by my pics-You won;t be the least bit disappointed! IT's a BIG ONE! measureing: 17" x 16 1/2 x 6" tall-nice and deep! Blue paint is a recent addition and aged by me. -Many of you are already familiar with my work and for those who may not be, I have restored paint for several top shelf dealers across the country and my folk art pieces have been featured in several national magazines and books. I'm offering it sold as-is, described to the very best of my knowledge. It is, of course, guaranteed as described. As always, thank you for looking and !
Items in the Worthopedia are obtained exclusively from licensors and partners solely for our members' research needs.


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teaching mosaic class/workshop
I have several people who have asked me to teach a mosaic class. My mind has been swirling around the idea. I would love to do it. But not sure how it would work -- of course, I would need tools for each person (cha-ching expense!). But should I offer just one project such as a mirror or such. I don't really want to make up a kit, but I know that's an option. If I don't do that, do I just put out a bunch of materials for them to choose from, that is included in the fee? Then, maybe have some other things set aside that can be additional fee if they want to use them - like a special agate, or large beads or something like that. I make pique assiette style mosaics, so I would have various plates to choose from, along with stained glass. tiles and beads.
I'm thinking two sessions - one for glueing and another for grouting/finishing.
Also, why are materials fees sometimes separated? For instance, it's fee up front and materials fee at class. Is that just a personal preference?
Oh, any help would be appreciated.
Here is a link that might be useful: Ellenmarie Mosaics
LOVE your tidy studio!!! Just having a peek at your studio, I would suggest crosses as the project. And have set aside a few of your finished pieces and have the items they may use for their work all out on the table to have a "free for all"...with a part of the workshop with you showing how to nip plates/etc...what tools to use for that, but let them buy their own tools....just make it a mosaicing party with instruction...then a grouting party with instruction...


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Help!!! Tough White fly infection on Hibiscus
I am fighting with white flies on my four Hibiscus almost a year. I tried earthworms and garlic fermented water (all the info. from this forum). I used two bags of the earthworms for the treatment. At begining, it seems effective. And later, it seems not so effective. The white fly not only damage my hibiscus, but also damage my Michelia ALBA, which is very precious tropical plants.
I am really tired on fighting with this bug.
Are there any other effective ways to deal with white fly?
Thank you all!!!
I can not tell from "My Page" where you live, and if these plants are indoors or out. Hibiscus and Fuchsias are two favorites of Whiteflies. To get rid of White Flies you must somehow break the life cycle. The fly itself does not cause as much damages as the hundreds of larvae they produce. Its the nymphs on the leaves that are Sap Suckers and cause the damage to the plants. In the north, cold temps control Whiteflies outdoors. The problem is when you bring tropicals indoors.
Whiteflies are attracted to yellow and white. Most garden centers sell yellow sticky cards to catch some of the adult Whiteflies. These have never ended an infestation for me, but do help to control it. You need to attack the nymphs on the leaves.
Looking at the methods you have tried, it looks like you are trying "Organic" or "Naturally-Derived" methods. If this is what you want to use, sabadilla, neem, pyrethum or rotenone are naturally-derived. Remember "Naturally-occuring" does not always mean "safer". Rotenone is more toxic to humans than Sevin. I use an Insecticidal Soap outdoors with great success. "AS ALWAYS, READ AND FOLLOW LABEL INSTRUCTIONS"
Another great "Natural" method to control damaging insects in your garden is the attract native parasitic wasps and predatory beetles to your garden. Not all insects are bad. It might be something you would want to research.
This info is mostly from memory and hopefully mostly correct. I hope it gives you some ideas. Its what works for me. GOOD-LUCK!!!!
Thank you all.
I am in CA, Orange County.
The hibiscuses are outside. Yes it may be gaint whitefly, since when I use hose water I sometime can see the adult whitefly, about 1 X 1 cm size or larger. There are lots of small whiteflies about 2 mm long on the surface of the leaves. I always tried to kill the gaint whiteflies. On the back of the leaves, there are lots of larvaes which makes the leaves yellow, or black, and drop.
I am really really tired to fight with the whitefly.
Thanks for any advices.
I live in SE North Carolina and have huge holes eaten in the leaves of my 2 hibiscus bushes. There are tiny little "WORMS" on the leaves I have seen very few white flies around the bushes. I have treated with a soap based spray but only helps a litte. Plesase Help!
I don't like using chemical poisons, but imidacloprid will really eradicate whitefly. You can buy it as a systemic or a spray. For a tough infestation, I would go for the systemic (I winter mine indoors in Maryland and that is the only thing that worked for any length of time).
Imidacloprid is the chemical that poisons whiteflies and a bunch of other nasty pests (does not work on spider mites - some people find it actually encourages spider mite infestation but I have not had that happen to me). Bayer has several products you can use - there is a tree and shrub drench that is a liquid you pour on the soil that lasts for about a year (!). There is a rose & flower spray but you must reapply more frequently.
Merit or Marathon is another brand name you can use. I bought some Marathon granules to use indoors (Bayer products are not labelled for indoor use but Marathon granules are.) These are harder to find as they are primarily sold wholesale.
None of these products are cheap but THEY WORK. Yellow sticky traps will help, regular spraying with neem oil will help too, if you don't want to go the chemical pesticide route.
I was also going to suggest yellow sticky traps. If you can put them on stakes around the plant to capture the adults, that would begin to reduce the egg-laying population. However if many other plants are infested, it might be a difficult battle.
I don't advocate bringing back DDT, but why is everyone so dead set against using chemical insecticides? Bayer makes a Multi Insect Spray which doesn't smell, isn't too hash to the plant and works well. Since this is an ornamental and not a food source, I highly recommend it.
i have a lovely hibuscus bush outside my door it produces lovely pink flowers almost year round. but this year half o the bush from the bottom to middle is invested in a white moss from flies. my friend sprayed malathian the other night. it stinks bad, but on the third day the bush is starting to look better. but there still are yellow leaves, just hate looking at yellow leaves. i hope this strong spray works.
I just bought potted hibiscus plants from Lows and put them on my porch (Dayton, OH)Long behold, I noticed that 2 hibiscus bushes do not bloom. Upon further inspection I found that they have all kinds of white and black color little worms, spotted leaves, and white little particles around their buds. I looked carefully at other hibiscus plants (2 trees, 3 small pots) and ALL of them have infestation! Should I try to treat them or just return to the store? Thanks in advance for any good advice!
I am on Day 20 of the Giant Whiteflies War. Untold numbers of Giant Whiteflies have died under my thumb. I have removed infected leaves by hand, folding them in half, literally grinding them to powder. I have a stool and sit, like a dark samurai in a Kurosawa film, looking up at the leaves of my hibiscus.
This plant lives under our lemon tree, outside. I was reluctant to use some sort of spray. I was very close in the early days. Initial tactics included blasting colonies with water from the hose. After this, I removed the egregious areas, trimming back nearly all leaves on half the bush. And still they came, but slower.
For 6 straight days I sat on my stool, removing leaves. Hiding leaves in the trash. Blasting with water the trash daily, as adults swarmed around it, threatening their next victim. I began to fear I was aiding the Giant Whiteflies, selectively breeding Whiteflies with quicker resources. Whiteflies that escaped before their execution. Surely they would breed, surely I would loose more leaves. I adapted my hunt.
I called on the Lemon Tree for help. Lemon Tree would donate a sturdy leaf to the fight. Using this leaf, I would first CRUSH the Giant Whitefly colony in its place. Only then, in the wake of the white powdered mess, would I remove the leaf. Only the best escaped. And I hunted their children.
In a few short days, I was down to only a few leaves of war as I hunted in the evening. I began to think like a Giant Whitefly. Northern California evenings are cool, slowing my prey. Every leaf was suspect of harboring rebel factions. If a colony turned up, it had neighbors. Sometimes I killed children. Mere teenagers, and younger, died.
Spotted leaves have returned green. Blossoms have unfurled. The Hibiscus claims victory. Even the Meyer has bloomed, heralding sweeter days before the Giant Whiteflies came.
And still I hunt. Today, it was only four. Some days it's none. I don't think I will ever stop hunting.


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Reservoir in Coconino County, Arizona, USA.
Latitude: 35.87028 : Longitude: -113.005
Blogs and Websites Near Albers Tank, Arizona - GeoURL
Albers Tank Map - Multimap
Albers Tank Street Map and Satellite Photo - Google Maps
Albers Tank Aerial Photo and Topo Map - Terraserver
Albers Tank Map - MSN
Environmental Hazards, Flood Area Maps, Boundaries - EPA
Albers Tank Area Map - MapQuest
Weather Forecast near Albers Tank - Multimap
The weather forecast links don't work for all places yet.
Some random places: Upnuk Lake DDry Lake Ridge Digwood Swamp Oongalambingoi Dunes CBC Spring Coulee


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The World: New Violence, Old Problem; The Saudis Fight Terror, But Not Those Who Wage It
By NEIL MacFARQUHAR
Published: June 6, 2004
Khobar, Saudi Arabia— A RECENT fatwa posted on a popular Islamic Web site in Saudi Arabia explains when a Muslim may mutilate the corpse of an infidel.
The ruling, written by a Saudi religious sheik named Omar Abdullah Hassan al-Shehabi, decrees that the dead can be mutilated as a reciprocal act when the enemy is disfiguring Muslim corpses, or when it otherwise serves the Islamic nation. In the second category, the reasons include ''to terrorize the enemy'' or to gladden the heart of a Muslim warrior.
The religious ruling was evidently posted to address questions about the conflict in Iraq, but is not limited by geography. In fact, in each of two gruesome attacks in Saudi Arabia last month that left 25 foreigners and 5 Saudis dead, a Western corpse was dragged for some distance behind a car. One was the body of an American engineer in Yanbu on May 1, the other a British businessman in Khobar last weekend.
That a cleric can post such an argument in an open forum goes a long way toward explaining how the most radical interpretations of religious texts flourish in Saudi Arabia. Even prayer leaders in Falluja, an Iraqi city not known for its love of things American, were swift to condemn the mutilations of four dead United States contractors in April as outside the bounds of Islam.
Fatwas like this one help pave the way for bloody assaults against foreigners that have plagued Saudi Arabia for the past year, many Saudi intellectuals believe. The stakes are higher here than anywhere else because the world price of oil hinges on perceptions of Saudi Arabia's stability. The price briefly hit a record of $42 per barrel last week after the attacks on this oil hub.
Still, the government remains overly cautious in confronting its home-grown radicals, Saudi analysts and even a few princes say, although the security forces have done important work in tracking down extremists.
''We are still using soft language when we talk about the problem of Al Qaeda in Saudi Arabia,'' said Suleiman al-Hattlan, a Saudi columnist and author. ''We have not addressed the ideology of these groups, which is the same one the government is promoting. They attack just the individuals.''
Both the government and its critics point out that Saudi Arabia has come a long way since the attacks against the United States on Sept. 11, 2001, when the interior minister would barely acknowledge that most of the 19 attackers were Saudis.
The first suicide bombings in Riyadh in May 2003 changed that attitude. In an unprecedented move, the names and even the pictures of the kingdom's 26 most-wanted men, 18 of whom are still at large, were widely distributed. They include Abdulaziz Issa al-Muqrin, the reputed Qaeda boss in the kingdom, who has gloated on the Internet about the attack in Khobar, in which three of four attackers escaped.
Fanatical prayer leaders were either jailed, dismissed or sent for re-education. And a ''national dialogue'' on Saudi society was inaugurated by Crown Prince Abdullah. Last week the kingdom announced that it was shutting down independent charities, which are often accused off funneling money to terrorists.
But the attempt by some to expose and uproot the ideological and theocratic influences used to justify attacks was suppressed by the religious establishment, which helped the Saud family consolidate its rule when the kingdom was founded more than 70 years ago.
Instead, the official line became that the terrorists were infected with an alien ideology, imported by those who fought in Afghanistan or Chechnya, and that the religion espoused by Saudis is a peaceful one.
''The problem is that the official religious establishment does not admit that there is a problem inside Wahhabism itself,'' said Abdullah Bjad al-Otaibi, a former radical turned reformer, referring to the militant form of Islam that predominates here.
Important princes echo the official line.
''The perpetrators of these heinous crimes are influenced by ideologies alien to our country and to the nature of our people, who throughout the ages advocated tolerance and coherence,'' Prince Mohammed bin Fahd, governor of the Eastern Province and the son of King Fahd, was quoted as saying in Saudi press reports after the Khobar attacks.
Even the most open-minded in the religious establishment are reluctant to concede that the violence within the kingdom might be the fault of Saudis themselves.
''Those militants are the outcome of Guantánamo, Abu Ghraib, Sharon and the American policy in the region; they are angry against anything foreign and want to retaliate against anything foreign,'' said Muhsen Awaji, a prominent Islamist lawyer. ''It was not Wahhabism which produced them, it is the other circumstances in the region.''
There is no doubt that the United States, by its actions in the Middle East, has helped turn everything American into a target. But there are indications that some Saudis, including some ruling princes, are at least aware that blaming outsiders is not an adequate response to the violence that has come to the kingdom.


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In-Stat: 66.3 Million US TV Viewers are Simultaneously Using a PC While Watching TVFebruary 25, 2010 7:21 am | by In-Stat | News | Comments
Over 66 million consumers across demographic categories are using the Internet while camped out on their sofas watching
LED Array Products Feature Outputs up to 4500 Operational LumensFebruary 25, 2010 6:44 am | Product Releases | Comments
Bridgelux Inc. unveiled three LED array product families that are presented to high-quality, energy-efficient light sources cost-optimized for the burgeoning solid-state lighting market. These new products are designed to replace incandescent, halogen, high intensity discharge (HID) and compact fluorescent lighting.
Red LEDs Tout High OutputFebruary 25, 2010 6:39 am | Product Releases | Comments
Opto Diode Corporation announced its OD-624L High Output Red LED. The LED has a dominant emission wavelength at 624 nm (typical) and features a narrow beam angle that is appropriate for fluorescence in medical, scientific testing instruments, and forensic applications. The lighting device delivers
Diode Laser Modules Deliver Digital Modulation at 200 MHzFebruary 25, 2010 6:35 am | Product Releases | Comments
Vortran Laser Technology announced the Stradus family of laser diode modules that delivers digital modulation at 200 MHz. the product line is available in popular wavelengths used for biomedical, R&D and laboratory applications. Wavelengths include 660 nm at
Advanced Video Advertising Grows Online and On Next Gen Pay-TV ServicesFebruary 25, 2010 6:21 am | by In-Stat | News | Comments
The world of advertising is changing dramatically with shifts in consumer behavior and growing online and pay TV video-on-demand (VOD) services.
National Semiconductor APEC demoFebruary 25, 2010 5:17 am | Videos | Comments
Jim McDonald of National Semiconductor shows off what they present as the first PM-Bus power control and managment IC for server blades.
Intersil Digital Power Controller demoFebruary 25, 2010 4:44 am | Videos | Comments
Chris Young of Intersil Demonstrates their new ZL6105 Digital Power Controller with Auto Compensation.
- Selling, general and administrative expenses drop by $232,659 from Q1 2009, declining from 47% of revenue to 30% of revenueFebruary 25, 2010 4:30 am | by The Associated Press | News | Comments
Healthscreen Solutions Inc. (TSX VENTURE: MDU), Canada's premier provider of physician practice enhancement services and electronic medical record (EMR) software, today announced its first quarter of fiscal 2010 results for the period ending December 31, 2009."Our new product offerings have really...
Best Buy notifies Reward Zone customers of errorFebruary 25, 2010 4:30 am | by The Associated Press | News | Comments
Best Buy Co. is apologizing for an erroneous e-mail that gave some Reward Zone customers a highly inflated points balance.A Best Buy representative could not provide an exact number of affected Reward Zone customers but says it was a small percentage.Best Buy, the largest U.S. electronics...
Cablevision service lets customers see PCs on TVFebruary 25, 2010 4:24 am | News | Comments
Watching online video and other content on a television screen typically means buying a special device such as an Apple TV, or plugging lots of wires into the right holes on the PCs and TVs.
Which Energy Empowers Story Has Inspired You?February 25, 2010 4:21 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | Comments
On Monday, Amy pointed you to the great stories on the Energy Empowers Web site. Whether you're looking for stories from individuals, communities, or industry, something on the site is sure to strike a chord. So take a look at the site and tell us:
Antibiotics Breed Superbugs Faster Than ExpectedFebruary 24, 2010 8:20 pm | by Curious Cat Science and Engineering Blog | News | Comments
We continue to endanger ourselves by using antibiotics inappropriately. This is one of many things that happen when the public at large is ignorant about science and ignores scientific evidence. I don't believe people want to put other people's lives in danger. But our...
PC Mall 4Q profit falls in preliminary reportFebruary 24, 2010 5:30 pm | by The Associated Press | News | Comments
Online computer and electronics retailer PC Mall Inc. said Wednesday that its fourth-quarter profit sank 92 percent as a higher cost of goods sold overshadowed a slight increase in revenue, according to preliminary results.PC Mall shares fell 79 cents, or 14.9 percent, in after-hours trading,...
Smith Micro 4Q profit dips as expenses riseFebruary 24, 2010 4:30 pm | by The Associated Press | News | Comments
Smith Micro Software Inc. said Wednesday that its fourth-quarter profit fell 8 percent as higher expenses overshadowed revenue growth. The company's adjusted earnings beat analyst estimates, though.Shares of Smith Micro, which makes software for mobile devices, rose 52 cents, or 6.7 percent, in...
Blame game continues in Yellowstone Club hearingsFebruary 24, 2010 2:30 pm | by MATT GOURAS - Associated Press Writer - Associated Press | News | Comments
A down-on-his-luck billionaire and a banking giant with a soiled name sparred Wednesday in bankruptcy court, each blaming the other for fleecing the ritzy Yellowstone Club of nearly $300 million.Dirty laundry from the world of international finance and the divorce of club founders Tim and Edra...


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Iowa Outdoors
Episode #204
This episode examines an invasive species that could have a serious impact on Iowa's waterways, shares a view of the state's landscape as seen by photographer and author Larry Stone and tours Wildcat Den State Park where volunteers have worked for over 15 years to preserve and 1850s mill.
We'll find out about an Outdoor Journey just for girls where everything from baiting a hook to firing a shotgun is learned [28 minutes]
This episode has not aired in the past few months on Iowa Public Television.
Asian Carp (#204)
Iowa's rivers and lakes are being threatened by an invasive species that could decimate native fish populations and... 06:58
Wildcat Den State Park, Muscatine County, Iowa (#204)
While there are 85 state parks in Iowa only one of them has a working grist mill and bridge combination. The mill in... 05:36
Nature Photographer Larry Stone (#204)
Through his photographs and writings, Larry Stone made a career at the Des Moines Register sharing the magic found in... 05:18
Outdoor Journey for Girls, Iowa (#204)
Every summer the Iowa Department of Natural Resources offers a number of camps for young people. The goal of the... 05:47
Iowa Outdoors (#204) (#204)
Full Program: This episode examines an invasive species that could have a serious impact on Iowa's waterways, shares a view of the... 28:46
- Watch more video from this program »
News & Announcements
Head outside this summer; ideas on a new episode of Iowa OutdoorsSummer Episode of Iowa Outdoors Premieres on Iowa Public Television June 9 at 6:30 p.m. (Johnston, Iowa) -- On Thursday, June 9 at 6:30 p.m., viewers across the state can enjoy the fourth... more »
All Upcoming Episodes
There are no broadcasts currently planned. Please check back for future broadcast dates.
Past Episodes
These episodes of Iowa Outdoors aired in the last few months on Iowa Public Television.


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Recipe of the Day
Yogurt Chicken Curry
This simplest of curry sauces is a tangy and pungent mix of yogurt and curry powder. Rice is a fine accompaniment for sopping it all up.
Similar Recipes | More Daily Recipes
Staff Picks
Rotisserie Chicken
Chicken Cordon Bleu II
Fruited Curry Chicken Salad
Juicy Roasted Chicken
Stuffed Tomato Basil Chicken
Simple Whole Roasted Chicken
Garlic Chicken
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Low-Carb Chicken Main Dishes
Roast Sticky Chicken-Rotisserie Style
Braised Balsamic Chicken
Slow Cooker Chicken Stroganoff
Rosemary Ranch Chicken Kabobs
Anniversary Chicken I
Chicken Breasts with Balsamic Vinegar and Garlic
Famous Butter Chicken
Spicy Garlic Lime Chicken
Garlic Cheddar Chicken
Baked Slow Cooker Chicken
Easy Garlic Broiled Chicken
A Good Easy Garlic Chicken
Chicken Breasts in Caper Cream Sauce
Spinach Stuffed Chicken Breasts
Broccoli Chicken Divan
Chicken Piccata II
Pollo Fajitas
Chicken Scampi II
Choose your Easter dinner main dish from hams, savory lamb, and over 150 more recipes.
Bunny cakes, lamb cakes, chocolate eggs, and carrot cakes to nibble on.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
See how to make an easy baked chicken tetrazzini.
See how to make a tasty, tangy chicken salad in three simple steps.
Learn how to make the ultimate low-carb chicken wrap.


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Fanny, a Siamese cat, was the last Napier's raid animal to find a forever home Jan. 23.
Riders embarked Feb. 14 on a 110-mile cross-state ride on the Florida Cracker Trail.
Whether you're a Woolf Pack member or WAR fan, this Ranch festival will appeal to your tastes.
Several MLS teams brought players and staff to Lakewood Ranch to meet with fans before kicking off preseason play at IMG Academy.
Whole Foods plans University location; County seeks animal advocates; County resurfaces Ranch roadways
When the Gulf Coast Builders Exchange recognized members during its 63rd annual installation dinner and awards banquet Feb. 5, it also welcomed East County resident Mary Forristall, of Forristall Enterprises, as the organization's first chairwoman.
The project isn't just about winning a competition — it's about filling a need for the disabled and raising money for a cause.


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Arizona Cardinals
Arizona Cardinals' Patrick Peterson lands on NFL Network's Top 100 list
There has been a lot of talk this offseason about just how good Arizona Cardinals cornerback Patrick Peterson is.
Of course, a lot of that talk came directly from Peterson. In May, while a guest of Bickley and Marotta on Arizona Sports 98.7 FM, Peterson compared himself to Seattle Seahawks All-Pro corner Richard Sherman. The comments made national headlines and spurred widespread debate -- even among the two players.
Well, NFL Network has spoken on the subject -- sort of.
In their annual list of the Top 10 players in the league, the network has placed Peterson at No. 22, up 11 spots from last year's ranking.
Peterson was the sixth cornerback on the list, joining Miami's Brent Grimes (95), Denver's Aqib Talib (79), Chicago's Tim Jennings (74), Cleveland's Joe Haden (39) and New England's Darrelle Revis (37).
In Peterson's NFL Network highlight video, several NFL players commented on the fourth-year Cardinal's attributes.
"Patrick Peterson, every team he plays against, he takes on that challenge of going at their number-one receiver," Talib said. "I love how Richard Sherman plays, but Richard Sherman stays on the left side. He don't take on the challenge of guarding the other team's best receiver."
Atlanta wide receiver Roddy White chimed in as well.
"Phenomenal athlete," he gushed. "Patrick Peterson is 215 pounds, he's six-foot, he runs a 4.3 and has a 40-inch vertical. That's like wide receiver numbers at cornerback."
Peterson was the third Cardinal to land on the list. Suspended linebacker Daryl Washington was ranked 96th, while wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald came in at number 38.
Most Popular
Cardinals Audio
- Kurt Warner- NFL Network analyst - Tuesday March 31Kurt Warner describes what he saw at Jameis Winston's pro day.
- Daniel Jeremiah- NFL Network analyst - Friday March 27Daniel Jeremiah could see the Cardinals drafting a running back in a round after the first round.
- Kevin Guy, AZ Rattlers head coach - Friday March 27Coach Guy talks about losing players to the NFL and the challenges the Rattlers face this season.
- Charles Robinson, Yahoo! Sports NFL reporter - Tuesday March 24Charles Robinson believes that Adrian Peterson's relationship with the Vikings will only get worse.
- Sal Paolantonio- ESPN NFL analyst - Tuesday March 24Bruce Arians told Sal Paolantonio that there are "no serious discussions" about trading for Adrian


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Below are top resources on SparkPeople for Running Tips.
Living in a big city can be exciting. If you reside in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago or San Francisco, you have access to some of the hottest and trendiest health clubs and group exercise classes right in your back yard. And even if you live in... Read more
After a quarter century of lacing up my shoes and hitting the pre-dawn road, I would never question that running has provided me with great health, great friends, incredible physical and mental strength, and a zest for life. However, during cold, dar... Read more
Although barefoot running has been practiced in some parts of the world for hundreds of years, the concept has only recently gained popularity as an alternative to traditional running shoes in the Western world. The book "Born to Run,"... Read more
In the homemade video, a regular guy named Ben shares his struggle with increasing weight, depression, and a moment of clarity: deciding to change his life. I don't want to say too much more about it here. Just go ahead and watch it.
If you... Read more
Robin (KASHMIR) has been a member of SparkPeople since 2006. She has lost 95 pounds and is training for her first marathon.
Robin Before
Robin After
What m... Read more
I always find long distance running helps to lean out muscle bulk... Read more
Before I started on sparkpeople I ran a small nonprofit music group as a part-time job and passion. I quit partially because of my health. The current director just gave notice because he's moving out of state for a new job.... Read more
Coaching tip/Daily Articles... Read more
Any tips on not giving in to a binge?... Read more
I eat about a 1/2 hour before I run, but I'm it doesn't seem to matter. I want to eat everything in the house after my run. Anyone have any suggestions on what I can eat to satisfy my hunger pains?... Read more
I really hate to exercise, it would cause so much pain. I needed to build up the muscles! So I started water jogging. Same benefits, much more fun, and no pain. You'll feel like noodle when you get out of the water though ;)... Read more
I have many cake decorator tips and sometimes even 2 or 3 of the SAME tip because I use them that often! It is VERY HARD TO SEE the numbers imprinted on each tip so,when I get a new tip I label it with my labelmaker from Brother. It saves time when... Read more
Anything triathlon! Everything Swimming, Biking, Running and Cross-training. Members from beginners to Iron Man competitors are welcome.... Read more
A round-up of the most interesting and thought-provoking stories of the week. Common Food Ingredient Could be a CarcinogenAn ingredient that's in everything from cheese to soymilk is coming under fire. Have you even heard of carrageenan? And shou... Read more
Legal spat over Campbell Soup still simmering from Reuters
FDA weighs food dye, hyperactivity link from CNN
30-Minute Workout, No Gym Required from Health.com
Berry Bliss Oat Squares from Oh She Glows
Running Tip: Tie Your Shoes Properly! fro... Read more
I know many of you are runners, or are working towards being runners etc...These are really good rules to read and to follow. I will add to this as far as wearing earphones when you run, only wear one..you need to always be aware of your surrounding... Read more
The next three days are going to be chaotic. To say the least.
- I work till 5p. Have to skip my lunch break b/c I lost time yesterday taking my 6 yr old for testing.
- I have to hit the grocery and grab a couple of items we wi... Read more


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Developers Will Get Windows 7 Alpha On Oct. 28 83
from the let's-call-it-project-kilimanjaro dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
The Vista codeline is what Windows 2008 is built on (it is Vista SP1 with additional server-orientated stuff). The Windows 7 codebase is built on top of this.
Also, from what I understand, MS aren't doing anything too drastic in the kernel.
With Vista as the foundation (which they rewrote a lot of, IIRC) they can make incremental, evolutionary improvements.
Take Firefox as an example: Mozilla didn't rewrite it when they were developing FF3; they cleaned up bits, for sure, and added new features, but it was a logical progression.
With the number of developers Microsoft has, they can do a lot of development work, so have the potential to add a lot to the Vista/2008 codebase.
Perhaps if you had spent some of those 20 seconds reading the article, you might have run across this sentence:
Mike Swanson, a Microsoft technology evangelist working on the PDC, said earlier this week that attendees will receive a 160GB external USB hard drive that will contain all the developer bits from the conference. The USB drive will presumably include the pre-beta version of Windows 7.
So, this includes all the bits from the conference... this means a lot of video presentations, power-point presentations and images, along with (I'd presume) a number of SDKs, what have you...
The 160GB hard drive is in no way indicative of the final size of the Windows 7.
Oh, and my first harddrive was 20MB.
Your good nature will bring you unbounded happiness.


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SALADO, Texas (AP) — Emergency crews are responding to a reported bridge collapse along an interstate in Central Texas.
If you just have to have it now, as in one hour, you can, at least in the Dallas area, as Amazon.com Inc. announced Thursday it will offer Prime Now.
The future of a redevelopment plan for the 50-year-old Westchester Plaza on Fort Worth's Near Southside is unclear.
Texas unemployment fell to 4.3 percent during February for the sixth straight month of declines, the Texas Workforce Commission reported Friday.
Monty Bennett's name will not appear on the ballot for the Tarrant Regional Water District board of directors yet he remains a powerful backstage player whose influence could shape the direction of the district's business for years to come.
'The Walking Dead' finale shows the value of dictatorship
InMarket: The return of Ben Hogan
Price appeal: Condos going up on Near Southside
Action! Red Productions celebrates 10 years
'Downton Abbey' to end run after next season
'The Wrecking Crew' rescues a group of gifted musicians from obscurity
AUSTIN, Texas (AP) — Putting body cameras on troopers patrolling the Texas-Mexico border and cutting funding for environmental regulators are among the proposals lawmakers may try tacking onto a vote of a new $210 billion state budget.
DÜSSELDORF, Germany — The co-pilot who crashed a Germanwings jetliner was treated years ago for suicidal tendencies, authorities said on Monday. But although doctors who were worried about Andreas Lubitz's mental health had recently told him to stay away from work, Germany's strict medical privacy laws may have prevented them from circulating their concerns more widely.
Keith Russell will join CBS 11 as sports anchor coming from WXTF-TV Philadelphia.
Texas Christian University came in second in the Big 12.
Not football, baseball or basketball, but the Big 12 MBA
The same month federal regulators approved the sale of powdered alcohol, Texas has joined a growing number of states moving quickly to outlaw the new product that health officials say could make it easier for minors to conceal and consume alcohol.
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) — BNSF railroad has started taking additional safety measures for crude oil shipments because of four recent high-profile derailments in the U.S. and Canada.
AUSTIN, Texas (AP) — A state contracting scandal that dealt Republican Gov. Greg Abbott the first crisis of his administration escalated Monday with a scathing state report that cast new uncertainty over whether the head of Texas' sprawling health agency will keep his job.
More than 160 women gathered at the Tarrant County College Trinity River Campus March 19 to learn how to change their culture and their lives.
RadioShack creditor Salus says it has changed its mind and won't improve its bid as it fights with another buyer for the electronics chain, hedge fund Standard General.


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Originally written on Fox Soccer | Last updated 10/22/14
Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers has revealed he is in 'constant communication' with star striker Luis Suarez and remains hopeful he will remain at Anfield. Suarez has been strongly linked with a move away from Merseyside this summer after repeatedly citing his unhappiness at his treatment by the press and the FA in England. The Uruguay international admitted he would be tempted by a move to Real Madrid, but Liverpool have always insisted he is not for sale and that they expect him to honour his contract, which runs until the summer of 2016. There were reports that Arsenal had seen a bid turned down by their Premier League rivals, while Chelsea are the latest team to be linked with Suarez, but Rodgers insists the situation over the controversial forward's future has not changed. The Reds boss told talkSPORT: "We communicate in some way nearly every day either through text or conversations. Over the course of the last few months and towards the end of the season there has been a...
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News & Reviews
Great Orchestras on Stage and Screen
Monday 30 Mar, 2015
RollerCity Election Closure
Wednesday 25 Feb, 2015
Joan Rivers Obituary
Tuesday 3 Feb, 2015
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The revised 2016 GMC Terrain gets a face with more character, a new trim lineup, more interior options, and additional safety features lower down the range.
118Subaru comes out on the right side of history, stands up against Indiana law
- Sharon Silke Carty
- 4 hrs ago
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51If Texas honors Confederacy on license plates, jihadists might be next
- Pete Bigelow
- 12 hrs ago
- 51
59Coming Toyota Supra to forgo hybrid, get a BMW six-cylinder turbo?
- Jonathon Ramsey
- 13 hrs ago
- 59
17Toyota, Lexus will offer low-cost automated braking system
- Jonathon Ramsey
- 15 hrs ago
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Joann was my divorce attorney from first marriage. It got real hairey there at first, Joann new exactly what tpo do also she made feel very...
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36 years since Joanne Kelly was first licensed to practice law.
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My nephew's primary school.
Now, working in a school myself, I am well aware of the frustration of losing stuff. Some parents seem to feel that the loss of an un-named sweater or hat, is somehow the fault of the staff, and that we should down tools, and immediately find the said item. However, the concept of naming an item seems totally foreign to them.
But, what is even more frustrating, is the school thief. Children will accidentally take home the occasional hat, lunchbox or special toy. What is frustrating, is the parent that allows or even encourages the child to keep the item, despite being quite aware that it doesn't belong to them.
My sister made the most adorable library bag for her son, out of fabric he adored. And one week into the term, and its been stolen!
It can't ever be brought back into the school, my nephew would recognise it immediately. So why allow your child to keep it? What possible benefit could there be? Its nasty and horrible, and I wish a thousand times the karma on the parent that allows it.


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Bloated StomachWell, if lunch was raw broccoli or cooked beans and the bloating goes away in a few hours, never mind. And if you tend to feel bloated a few days each month before your period, that's hormones. But if the bloating is constant, doesn't get better when you have a bowel movement, and tends to worsen over time, see your doctor; it can be an early sign of ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or even ovarian cancer, says Dr. Sweet. If your doctor takes a thorough history and does a pelvic exam and possibly a vaginal ultrasound exam, he can pinpoint what's causing the problem and treat it.
Most little aches and pains mean nothing. But when something is bothering you, you owe it to yourself -- and your family -- to make sure.
Health writer Laura Flynn McCarthy's last feature for Parenting was "Feeding Your Baby," in the February issue.


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The New Map is Here!
The new, better-than-ever 7th edition of our map has arrived! Get your copy of what the New York Times calls "… a terrific map of all [Berkeley's] secret routes and corridors."
Photos from some of our recent events
Upcoming Events:
Where the Wild Things Grow on April 4, 2015 at 10:00 am
Local Waterfalls and Creeks on April 26, 2015 at 11:30 am
BAHA Spring House Tour on May 3, 2015 at 1:00 pm
Northwest Berkeley's Quirk on May 9, 2015 at 10:00 am
BPWA's 5th Annual Long Walk on May 30, 2015 at 9:00 am
Great Estates of Claremont-Rockridge on June 6, 2015 at 10:00 am
Pirate Treasure Hunt on June 26, 2015 at 2:00 pm