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Here we describe a new technical solution for optimization of Pichia pastoris shake flask cultures with the example of production of stable human type II collagen. Production of recombinant proteins in P. pastoris is usually performed by controlling gene expression with the strong AOX1 promoter, which is induced by addition of methanol. Optimization of processes using the AOX1 promoter in P. pastoris is generally done in bioreactors by fed-batch fermentation with a controlled continuous addition of methanol for avoiding methanol toxification and carbon/energy starvation. The development of feeding protocols and the study of AOX1-controlled recombinant protein production have been largely made in shake flasks, although shake flasks have very limited possibilities for measurement and control.
By applying on-line pO2 monitoring we demonstrate that the widely used pulse feeding of methanol results in long phases of methanol exhaustion and consequently low expression of AOX1 controlled genes. Furthermore, we provide a solution to apply the fed-batch strategy in shake flasks. The presented solution applies a wireless feeding unit which can be flexibly positioned and allows the use of computer-controlled feeding profiles.
By using the human collagen II as an example we show that a quasi-continuous feeding profile, being the simplest way of a fed-batch fermentation, results in a higher production level of human collagen II. Moreover, the product has a higher proteolytic stability compared to control cultures due to the increased expression of human collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase as monitored by mRNA and protein levels.
The recommended standard protocol for methanol addition in shake flasks using pulse feeding is non-optimal and leads to repeated long phases of methanol starvation. The problem can be solved by applying the fed-batch technology. The presented wireless feeding unit, together with an on-line monitoring system offers a flexible, simple, and low-cost solution for initial optimization of the production in shake flasks which can be performed in parallel. By this way the fed-batch strategy can be applied from the early screening steps also in laboratories which do not have access to high-cost and complicated bioreactor systems.
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is a favored yeast species as a host for heterologous protein production (for reviews see [1-6]). P. pastoris has the potential for high expression levels, efficient secretion of target proteins, posttranslational modifications, and is easily grown to high cell densities on mineral salt medium in bioreactors. It has been demonstrated that P. pastoris is an efficient production system also for very large and complex proteins, such as collagens, which besides the recombinant gene(s) needed for the collagen polypeptide chain(s) needs the parallel expression of two different genes coding for collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (C-P4H), an enzyme required for the thermal stability of collagens [7-9].
Although different promoter systems exist for a controlled or continuous expression of heterologous proteins in P. pastoris, frequently the strong and tightly controlled promoter of alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) is applied. The AOX promoter is induced by methanol [6]. Methanol, aside from being the inducer of the promoter is also a carbon/energy substrate. Generally, in such P. pastoris processes, methanol is the only carbon substrate during the production phase of the AOX1-promoter controlled protein. A drawback is the toxicity of methanol. Generally, methanol concentrations above 3.6% inhibit the yeast growth and lead to death [2].
In previous studies for shake flask cultures, the commonly used protocol recommended by Invitrogen [10] for methanol feeding has been modified individually depending on the product. For the expression of proteins in shake flask cultures it is proposed that methanol is added twice per day [11,12]. However, due to the small window in which the methanol concentration must be kept for an optimal process, pulse-based methanol addition for optimization of processes in shake flasks seems not to be the best way to provide data for the development of a fermentation process.
Optimization work for recombinant processes with P. pastoris is generally performed in bioreactors by the fed-batch strategy. The basic scheme follows in principle the original protocol of Brierley and coworkers [13]. A glycerol batch phase is followed by a transition phase and by a methanol induction phase [14]. Thereafter, methanol is added continuously. Different variations of this strategy have been proposed, mostly evaluated as being advantageous for a specific protein (comprehensively reviewed by [2]).
The requirement of bioreactors is a limitation for parallel fast optimization of processes. Principally parallel bioreactor systems exist on the market, but they are generally expensive and non-scalable. Here we describe a solution, which allows the application of the fed-batch principle in shake flasks. We apply a recently described monitoring system [15] which is connected to a radio-modem controlled feeding device, which can be placed directly on shakers.
The recombinant protein produced in the present investigation is human type II collagen which is the major collagenous component in the cartilage [16]. Purified recombinant human type II collagen is regarded very useful in applications for cartilage repair [17]. The formation of stable triple helical collagen at physiological temperature requires C-P4H activity [16,18]. Consequently, the coexpression of C-P4H, an α2β2 tetramer located within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, has been proven essential for the production of temperature-stable recombinant collagens [7,8]. Recombinant type II collagen has been produced successfully in the baculovirus expression system [19,20] and in P. pastoris [8,20].
In this study, application of semicontinuous feeding of methanol to shake flask cultures improved significantly the production of stable human type II collagen, which is documented by protein and mRNA analyses of the collagen and C-P4H.
pO2 level-dependent manual feeding of methanol improves expression
We have shown previously by applying on-line monitoring sensors in shake flasks that the commonly used methanol feeding protocol for shake flask cultures of P. pastoris (two manual pulses of methanol per day) leads to long starvation phases between feeding pulses [15]. Starvation is obvious by a pO2 peak after exhaustion of methanol, related to declining respiratory activity (Figure 1A). We concluded from this data that the methanol feeding in this shake flask process is not optimal. In the first step of optimization, the rapidly increasing pO2 level after consumption of methanol was used as a signal to manually add a new methanol pulse. Each single methanol dose was the same as in the standard protocol and consequently much more methanol was added during the course of the cultivation. Although the procedure was laborious and difficult to reproduce manually, a 30% higher cell density was obtained and the product related mRNAs showed higher expression, such as the mRNAs encoding alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX), formaldehyde dehydrogenase, yeast PDI, type II procollagen chain and the C-P4H α(I) and PDI/β subunits (Figure 1B). Unexpectedly, the amount of collagen II was not increased, however (not shown).
Figure 1. Growth parameters (A) and concentrations of product-related mRNA species (B) during cultivation of a P. pastoris for production of recombinant human collagen II in shake flasks. Cultivation procedures with two methanol pulses per day (control, blue open circles, interrupted blue line) and pO2-dependent manual feeding of methanol (red filled circles, red continuous line) were compared.
Quasi-continuous feeding of methanol to shake flasks improves pro(II)collagen production
Although the results from the manual feeding experiment were promising, due to the long cultivation time a real optimization of the feeding procedure would be possible only by a computer-controlled feed, which allows the addition of methanol in a quasi-continuous way, similar as in bioreactor fed-batch cultivations.
Therefore, a computer-controlled feeding device was developed, consisting of an encapsulated microcomputer which was connected to feeding valves. The microcomputer is controlled by a normal desktop computer over a radio-module working at 868 MHz as shown schematically in Figure 2. If needed, the feeding device can be powered by a rechargeable lead battery.
Figure 2. Schematic presentation of the wireless data collection and control system for shake flask cultivations.
Methanol was fed from a sterile 50 ml syringe through a silicon tube connection (1 mm diameter) and a steel needle connected to one of the three side necks of the shake flask. The feeding pulse was given by a miniature LFV valve (The Lee Company, U.S.A.) which was integrated into the wireless feeding device. In the performed experiments a flow through the valve was simply created by gravitation over an approximately 1 m height difference, but we could also generate a constant flow of solutions with low viscosity by applying an air overpressure container or a micropump (data not shown).
With the developed device and the programmed back-channel software, different feeding protocols could be applied to shake flasks (not shown). Opening of the feeding valves in short time intervals yielded a quasi-continuous flow.
The effect of quasi-continuous methanol feeding into the shake flasks was tested by repeatedly performing series of two parallel 200 mL cultures with different computer controlled feeding schemes.
In each experiment for one of the shake flasks (reference culture) the feeding strategy was based on the commonly used pulse-feeding method [10,12] in which a 5% methanol solution was fed twice a day to a final methanol concentration of 0.5% (v/v). Into the other flasks methanol was fed in a quasi-continuous mode. Within the first 2 hours a methanol pulse was given every 12 min and after that the feeding interval was 30 min. Each methanol pulse was 0.8 ml of the 5% methanol solution. The total feeding volume and total amount of added methanol was the same in both parallel flasks.
In the reference cultures the addition of a methanol pulse was followed by an immediate drop of the pO2 level. However, within 5 to 10 h after a methanol pulse the pO2 raised, indicating exhaustion of the substrate (methanol). The pO2 dropped to zero only when the shaker was stopped for sampling (see pO2 spikes in Figures 3A and 3B), but remained otherwise above 50%.
Figure 3. P. pastoris cultivation in shake flasks with methanol feeding without (A, B) or with (C, D) manual pH adjustment. Cultivations were performed in two phases: initial batch phase in BMG-medium and fed-batch in BMM-medium. Dissolved oxygen (pO2) and pH were measured with a wireless measuring system, cell growth was followed by measurement of the OD600. Vertical lines represent methanol feeding points in A and C or start of methanol feed in B and D.
In the flasks with quasi-continuous feeding the first methanol pulse caused a decrease of the pO2. Later, when the feeding intervals were longer, the pO2 level was stabilized to about 90% (Figure 3B). Only after 50 h of cultivation, when the methanol started to accumulate, the pO2 level increased indicating a higher maintenance or toxification.
The methanol concentration in the culture medium of the reference culture was close to the detection limit almost during the whole incubation time. Only towards the end of the cultivation a low concentration of residual methanol could be detected in the medium. It should be remarked that the samples for methanol analysis were always collected before the next methanol pulse. Therefore we concluded that methanol had been fully consumed before the next pulse. This was also obvious from the pO2 profile. In contrast, small amounts of methanol were present in the culture with quasi-continuous methanol addition. Until 50 h of cultivation the methanol concentration was below 1 g L-1. Only towards the end of the cultivation an increase of the residual methanol concentration was detected.
As the pO2 level was high in the culture with quasi-continuous feeding it was tested whether also a higher feeding rate would be possible. Feeding with a double amount of methanol was not beneficial, but instead led to the accumulation of the methanol concentration above 5 g L-1 already within 20 h after the start of the feeding (data not shown).
Without pH control, the pH value declined during the whole cultivation. The decrease occurred stepwise in the reference culture and was clearly related to the feed pulses (see Figure 3A). At the end of the cultivation the final pH was very low (close to 2), which surely is not beneficial for the cell growth and production. As the pH in fermenter cultivations is usually kept between 4 and 6, we decided to adjust the pH during the experiment to 5.5 by intermittent addition of 10% (v/v) ammonia.
The control of the pH did not result in major changes in the general culture parameters (Figure 3C,D). The variations, especially the higher methanol concentration in the culture with quasi-continuous feed (Figure 3D) may be mainly attributed to the larger amount of samples collected during the cultivation for analysis of the protein product and mRNA levels.
All cultures were followed by analysis of collagen II, C-P4H enzymatic activity and product-related mRNAs. The amount of type II collagen chains (139 kD) derived from correctly assembled protease-resistant triple-helical collagen II was analyzed by reducing SDS-PAGE after HCl extraction with pepsin-treatment according to Myllyharju et al. [8]. Stable and correctly assembled collagens are resistant against pepsin. Collagen II showed a clear band (Figure 4) which was significantly stronger in the cultivations with the quasi-continuous feeding profile, compared to the standard pulse feeding profile. The results were reproducible (see Table 1) despite experiment to experiment variations. Generally, more correctly assembled triple-helical collagen was produced in the experiments with quasi-continuous feeding of methanol.
Figure 4. SDS-PAGE analysis of expression of human collagen II in P. pastoris shake flask cultivation (experiment 3, Table 1) after 21, 46 and 72 hours cultivation. R represents a reference culture with pulse feeding of methanol and F predetermined quasi-continuous feed. Collagen chains were derived from correctly folded collagen II molecules by HCl-extraction and pepsin digestion. The collagen II chains are marked with an arrow.
Table 1. Review of OD600, collagen II expression, C-P4H activities, and the amount of total fed methanol in four independent experiments with parallel predetermined constant feed. The pulse feeding method was used as a reference.
These findings were supported also by the higher amount of C-P4H activity (see Figures 3C and 3D, cf. Table 1). C-P4H activity was measured from several time points and found to be 2 to 8 times higher in different cultures with quasi-continuous methanol feeding compared to the parallel reference cultures in each experiment (see Figure 5). Doubling the methanol concentration in the feeding solution (cf. experiment 4 A in Table 1, and grey bar in Figure 5) led to higher activities compared to the reference, but the C-P4H activity was slightly lower than in the experiment with the lower feed rate. Surprisingly, also the cell density was not increased in this cultivation compared to the culture with quasi-continuous feed of more diluted feed.
The effect of the feeding procedure on the formation of the product was investigated in more detail at the mRNA level. A quantitative sandwich hybridization assay which was developed earlier in our laboratory was applied [21,22]. Figure 6 shows the levels of mRNAs encoding the procollagen II chain, AOX1, EF3 (translational factor), and C-P4H. The level of procollagen II mRNA was already high during the first 12 h when the cultures were grown in a batch mode on methanol in both types of cultivations. In the reference culture with pulse feeding, the procollagen II mRNA level decreased to a very low level after the start of the feeding. In contrast, the mRNA level stayed high during the whole cultivation in the culture with quasi-continuous feeding of methanol, being approximately 10 times higher when compared to the pulse feed method.
Figure 5. C-P4H activity in three different experiments, each with a quasi-continuous feeding culture (black bars) and a reference culture (manual feeding twice a day, white bars). Additionally, in experiment no. 4 double concentrated methanol was fed (grey bar).
Figure 6. mRNA levels of a) procollagen II chain, b) AOX1, c) translation factor EF3, and d) C-P4H α(I) subunit during shake flask cultivation of P. pastoris. Predetermined quasi-continuous feed of methanol was investigated. The cells were first grown in BMG medium and changed to BMM medium at 0 h. The first sample represents the time when the methanol feeding was started (13 h). Predetermined constant feed (red filled circles); reference culture with pulse Feeding (open blue circles). The data are from experiment 4 in Table 1.
The level of AOX1 mRNA, encoding the alcohol oxidase enzyme and therefore indicating the induction of methanol as well as an active methanol metabolism, was much lower than the level of procollagen II mRNA. Interestingly, the procollagen II mRNA decreased fast in the reference culture with pulse feeding strongly during the shift from the methanol batch to the pulse feeding, similarly to all other mRNAs analyzed. Possibly this is a result of growth inhibition due to carbon/energy source starvation as shown above. In contrast, the AOX1 mRNA level was approximately the same over the whole cultivation when the quasi continuous feeding mode was applied. The same behavior was detected for the EF3 mRNA, a translation factor, and for the level of the C-P4Hα(I) mRNA. The higher level of the C-P4Hα(I) mRNA correlates well with the higher amount of C-P4H activity obtained.
Experiments at the scale of shake flasks are generally batch processes. This restricts the applicability of the results for the further development of fermentation processes, which normally apply the fed-batch principle. Despite of this limitation shake flask cultivations are commonly used due to their simplicity and high flexibility.
In many cases it might be useful to apply the fed-batch principle already in the earliest process optimization phase, not primarily for obtaining higher cell densities, but for applying similar physiological conditions as in the later process. As such tools are not commonly available we developed a new feeding system which works wireless and therefore can be easily applied on any shaker. If powered by a lead accumulator, the feeding unit can be directly placed on the shaking table without the need for any direct electrical contact. This unit works together with the earlier described SENBIT wireless measurement system [15]. Control functions and set-points can be easily programmed in the controlling software (BackChannel) which communicates with the measuring software (SENBIT).
Recombinant P. pastoris cultures were an interesting test case to apply the feeding system in shake flasks. Especially with the widely used AOX1 promoter system, the results from shake flask experiments may be of low practical value, because the methanol concentration has to be controlled within a narrow concentration window which is not possible in a batch system.
The starting point for our optimization approach was the generally applied recommended protocol for pulse feeding of methanol twice a day [11,12]. This procedure is very different from the various cultivation techniques applied in fermentation processes which all are based on continuous addition of methanol. As model system we used the expression of recombinant human collagen II in P. pastoris, which has been described earlier [8]. The assembly of the triple-helical collagen is directly correlated with the hydroxylation of prolyl residues by C-P4H, which is coexpressed together with the collagen polypeptide chains.
It is very obvious that the proposed pulse feeding protocol is unfavorable for collagen production. During cultivation, long phases of carbon/energy starvation between the feeding pulses were observed by measurement of oxygen levels in shake flasks. Presence of these phases was confirmed by analysis of process-related marker mRNAs and analysis of the products. Overall, lower expression of these mRNAs was observed compared to a constant feeding protocol.
We could prove that a quasi-continuous feeding in the shake flask scale can significantly improve the conditions for collagen production and leads to increased expression of triple-helical stable collagen by simultaneous enhancement of C-P4H expression and activity. The corresponding mRNAs were also expressed at higher level than in the culture with pulse feeding.
Almost 10-fold higher amount of procollagen II mRNA was detected in the cultures with quasi-continuous feeding of methanol compared to the pulse method. Also the expression of the translation factor EF3, which is an indicator of protein synthesis, was higher with constant feeding. Generally, in the case of such optimization approaches, and not limited to shake flasks studies, the quantitative analysis of mRNAs, especially for C-P4H and collagen in our case, seems to be a good indicator for the quality of the cultivation.
Although we applied here mainly a predetermined feeding strategy, also other feeding schemes and control principles are applicable with the newly developed feeding system, such as the pO2-dependent feeding. Although the DO-Stat control principle did not improve the product yield in our case (data not shown), such extended studies are principally interesting and will widen the usefulness of shake flask cultures.
As discussed above, it is generally not the aim of shake flask studies to reach the high cell densities which are commonly reached in bioreactors. In the experiments described here cell concentrations were rather moderate which is due to the lower oxygen transfer rate in shake flasks compared to bioreactors. It was the intention in our experiments to keep the oxygen level high as it is a necessary cofactor in the C-P4H reaction, although for other proteins good production may be achieved also by running the culture into oxygen limitation which has been recently shown for the production of an scFv antibody fragment [23]. Furthermore, the moderate cell densities in our experiments are also due to the use of diluted methanol feed solutions. To avoid long time intervals without any feed and to ensure a feed which is metabolically seen as continuous methanol was fed as a 5% solution, which correspondingly dilutes the medium and results in a lower final cell yield. The use of low-power micropumps instead of microvalves is currently tested, and may provide an improved continuous supply of small liquid amounts.
Simple controlled bioreactors can be obtained by applying feeding to shake flask cultivations. Although this will not generally change specific characteristics for shake flask cultures such as the problem to establish specific pO2 levels and poorly controllable aeration of the cultures, the proposed solution is a way to control the physiological state of the cultures in early screening phases in a similar way as during later process development. Furthermore, the described system is advantageous in terms of flexibility and investment costs compared to parallel bioreactor systems.
The comparison of the commonly used pulse feeding of methanol to P. pastoris cultures in shake flasks with the quasi continuous feeding clearly showed clearly that the commonly applied standard protocol is not favorable to optimize recombinant processes, mainly due to the long-term starvation phases. Commonly such optimization is performed in bioreactors, which however are not available for many of the molecular biology laboratories. We show here a simple solution by applying a quasi-continuous feed profile, which is a method commonly used in bioreactors. However, the developed feeding device is not limited to such simple applications, but pre-determined feed functions and even feed-back control of the feed rate on the basis of measured parameters can be easily programmed and principally turn the shake flask into a bioreactor.
In our case the quasi-continuous feeding profile increased both the amount of C-P4H and stable collagen II. This clearly demonstrates in the case of one complicated large recombinant protein the power of monitoring and control in shaken cultures. The tools applied here provide a valuable system for parallel optimization at small scale also for other kind of cultivations.
The P. pastoris strain sCII7 (Mut+ phenotype) contained the pICZB expression vector with the cDNAs coding for the human procollagen II chain and the two C-P4H subunits (kindly provided from Fibrogen Europe Ltd., Helsinki, Finland). The cells were stored as glycerol stocks at -70°C.
Cultivation medium and cultivation conditions
P. pastoris was cultivated in BMG or BMM culture medium containing 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0), 1.34% YNB, 0.4 mg L-1 biotin, and 1% glycerol (BMG) or 0.5% methanol (BMM) respectively [10].
Cultivations were performed in 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks with three baffles and three side necks for the sensors and sampling (Glasgerätebau Ochs GmbH, Bovenden, Germany). The flasks contained 200 mL of BMG and were incubated at 30°C on a rotary shaker (Certomat H, B. Braun Int.) at 250 rpm. When the OD600 reached the value between 2 and 6, the cells were centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 5 min, and washed with BMM by further centrifugation. The supernatant was decanted and the cell pellet was resuspended in BMM to obtain an initial OD600 of about 1.5. The baffled shake flasks, containing 200 mL of BMM and the pH- and pO2-electrodes, were incubated at 30°C on a rotary shaker at 250 rpm. To maintain the expression of the product, 100% of methanol was added to a final concentration of 0.5% (v/v) twice a day or manually at the time when the pO2 level increased (shake flask experiment with optimized feeding, cf. Figure 1). Alternatively, the feeding was performed with the wireless feeding device with a 5% or 10% methanol solution as explained in the results section by a quasi-continuous predetermined feed rate, or on the base of the pO2 signal (pO-stat principle). In some experiments ammonia (10%) was added manually to keep the pH between 4 and 6, as described in detail in the results section.
On-line measurements and control
The SENBIT wireless system (teleBITcom GmbH, Teltow, Germany) was used in the shake flask cultures to follow the pO2 and pH as described earlier [15]. The feeding module was constructed as described in the results section.
The samples were taken with a sterile needle (0.9 × 120 mm) connected to three-way sterile plastic valve with Luer-lock (Oriplast GmbH) inserted into a side neck of the flask and tightened with a rubber seal into 10 ml syringes. After immediate cooling on ice the samples were portioned for the further analyses, with exception for the mRNA samples which were directly chilled in the inhibition solution (see below).
Cell growth
Growth was monitored by measuring the turbidity (OD600) at 600 nm.
Samples were centrifuged (2 min, 13000 rpm, 4°C) and the cell-free supernatant was analyzed by gas chromatography.
The analysis was performed as recently described [24] with the following modifications for P. pastoris. For immediate chilling of metabolic activities P. pastoris samples (4 × 2 mL) were immediately mixed with 200 μL inhibition solution (95:5 v/v ethanol/phenol, pre-cooled at -20°C). After centrifugation (2 min, 13000 rpm, 4°C) the supernatant was removed and the pellet was dispensed in 100 μl of RNA Later (Ambion) and stored at -70°C until analysis. Total RNA extraction was performed with the RNeasy Mini Kit and mechanical cell disruption according to the manufacturers instructions (Qiagen).
Oligonucleotide probes (Table 2) were designed using the CloneManager5 program with following submission of the sequences a NCBI BLAST search [25] to exclude alignments with other genes. HPLC-purified unlabelled and biotin-labeled oligonucleotide capture probes were purchased from Metabion GmbH (Martinsried, Germany). Dig-tail labeling of the detection probes was performed according to manufacturer's instructions using the Roche Dig-tailing kit (2nd generation, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany).
Table 2. Probes used in RNA sandwich hybridization. The capture probes were labeled with biotin and the detection probes contained a digoxigenin (DIG) tail.
In vitro RNA standards were designed for the quantitative analysis of each gene as described before [22,24]. Therefore, primers as indicated in Table 3 were used for in vitro transcription (purchased from Sigma-Genosys, Cambridge, UK).
Table 3. Primers for the synthesis of in vitro RNA standards. The T7 promoter sequence CTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAGA was added to the 5'-end of all primer 1 sequences.
Protein analysis
P. pastoris cell pellets were broken with zirconia beads both in acidic conditions followed by pepsin digestion for collagen II analysis. Protein samples were analyzed on SDS-page.
C-P4H activity was analyzed from P. pastoris cell pellets that were broken with zirconia beads in basic conditions. The activity assay is based on the hydroxylation-coupled decarboxylation of 2-oxo [1-14C] glutarate with (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 as the peptide substrate [26]. The total protein concentrations were determined with the RC DC Protein assay Kit (Biorad Laboratories).
Authors' contributions
MR and MB performed the shake flask experiments. MK and AV developed the wireless feeding system and the computer control program. MB designed the mRNA probes and primers and performed together with MK the mRNA analyses. MR, AN and ERH performed the protein analyses. JM and ERH contributed with their experiences in the collagen production process. MR wrote the initial manuscript, which was read and approved by all authors. PN initiated and practically supervised the scientific work.
We appreciate financial support by the Academy of Finland (projects no. 203839, 203574, 200965, 211128) and TEKES (CORF and SENBIT projects) as well as fruitful cooperation with teleBITcom GmbH (Teltow, Germany) concerning the development of the SENBIT wireless system and the feeding device.
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Inside Gustavus (May 2, 2013)
Volume 45, Number 26
Faculty/Staff Activities
Communication Studies Visiting Assistant Professor Sarah Wolter's '02 Media & Society class will be hosting approximately 175 9th graders on campus for a media literacy workshop on May 8. The 9th graders are part of Kate Bergstrom's '02 health classes in Jordan, Minn. Wolter and Bergstrom were roommates and golf teammates at Gustavus from 1998-2002. The students will also be working with Gustavus Health/Physical Education majors in Bonnie Reimann's classes.
Gregory Mason (English, Emeritus) has been appointed a faculty member on the Fall 2013 voyage of Semester at Sea. Greg, who will be accompanied by his wife Ruth (International Education, Emeritus) will teach three courses on the MV Explorer, a "floating residential campus" sponsored by the University of Virginia, comprising 700 students and 40 faculty. Embarking from Southampton, UK in late August, the four-month voyage entitled Atlantic Explorations will make port stops in Saint Petersburg, Russia; Hamburg, Germany; Antwerp, Belgium; Le Havre, France; Dublin, Ireland; Lisbon, Portugal; Cadiz, Spain; Casablanca, Morocco; Tema, Ghana: Cape Town, South Africa; Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Rio de Janeiro, and Manaus, Brazil, before completing the voyage in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Glenn Kranking (History, Scandinavian Studies) recently gave a series of talks in Sweden including:
- "A Feuding Good Men: The 1930s Leadership Crisis in the Estonian-Swedish Community" for a seminar at the Centre for Baltic and Easter European Studies at Södertörn University on Monday, April 22.
- "From Cultural Interactions to Repatriation: the Estonian-Swedes and their 'Ancient Homeland'" at the Conference on Migration and Cultural Exchange in the Baltic Sea Region, held at Södertörn University on Friday, April 26.
- "Estlandssvenskarna under den första sovjetisk ockupationen" [The Estonian-Swedes during the First Soviet Occupation], for Svenska Odlingens Vänner in Stockholm on Saturday, April 27. (lecture in Swedish)
Kyle E. Chambers (Psychological Science) presented a poster co-authored with Caitlin Bayer '14 and Suzanna Massaro '13 titled "Constraints on phonotactic learning" to the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development in Seattle, Washington.
Heidi Meyer and Lynnea Myers (Nursing) presented a podium session on an original research project titled "Enhancing Clinical Reasoning: Teaching Thinking through Debriefing" at the Bethel University Nursing Research and Practice Symposium on April 25, 2013. Meyer and Myers participated as co-researchers in a study analyzing clinical reasoning following high-fidelity simulation and debriefing using the Debriefing for Meaningful Learning instrument. Meyer and Myers are members of the Minnesota Consortium for Nursing Education Research with nursing researchers from Bethel University, St. Olaf College, and the University of St. Catherine.
Mimi Gerstbauer (Political Science and Peace Studies), presented her paper, "A Humbled Superpower: Contrition and US Policy in the Middle East" at the Midwest Political Science Association annual meetings in April 2013. She also served as a discussant for a panel on Justice and Memory in Post-Conflict Countries.
Annabel Landaverde '12 (Admission) presented her senior thesis entitled "Ya Basta: The Politics of Femicide" at the 5th Annual USEU (Unión Salvadoreña de Estudiantes Universitarios) conference in UCLA. She was one of eight students to present at a conference attended by Salvadoran academics and community members, and three representatives of the Salvadoran government.
Anna Versluis (Geography) organized and chaired a session on the pedagogy of human-environment geography at the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting in Los Angeles on April 8-13. I also participated in "Teaching Environmental Justice: Interdisciplinary Approaches," a workshop held at Carleton College on April 14-16.
Eric Dugdale (Classics, Three Crowns) presented a paper titled "Coincidence in Menander's Dyskolos" at the Integrating Approaches to Ancient Drama Conference at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He also gave a paper titled "Identity and Status in Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannos" in Iowa City at the annual meeting of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South.
Student Achievements
Senior Sarah Lucht has received a Fulbright Study/Research Grant to Iceland for 2013. Read more about what Sarah will be doing online.
Laurel Boman '14 was awarded a 2013 Manson A. Stewart Scholarship by the Classical Association of the Middle West and South, given to outstanding young Classicists. She was selected from a field of 23 highly qualified applicants, alongside scholarship recipients from Baylor University, College of William and Mary, Creighton University. Northwestern University, University of Michigan, and University of Tennessee.
Phi Beta Kappa Inductions...Thirty-nine juniors and and seniors will be inducted into Phi Beta Kappa, the nation's oldest and most prestigious academic honor society, on Thursday, May 2 in the Three Crowns Room. The ceremony is open to invited guests only. More information and a list of inductees is available online.
Funding Opps
The Office of Corporate and Foundation Relations' weekly program or funding opportunity highlight:
American Philosophical Society Franklin Research Grants for All Disciplines
Franklin Research Grants support the cost of research leading to publication in all disciplines, with a funding preference toward junior faculty. The program helps meet such research costs as travel to libraries and archives, purchase of research materials, and the costs associated with fieldwork or laboratory expenses. Funding is offered up to a maximum of $6,000 for use in calendar year 2014. The tentative deadlines are October 1 and December 1. For more information, see http://www.amphilsoc.org/grants/franklin.
For more information on grants or proposal preparation, contact Bob Weisenfeld in the Office of Corporate and Foundation Relations (x7049 or firstname.lastname@example.com).
Position Openings
- Director of the Academic Support Center
For more information on the aforementioned position(s), call Human Resources (x7304).
President's Cabinet Summary
The President's Cabinet met on April 16 and 23 and discussed the following items:
- Professors John Cha and Mary Solberg, Faculty Senate Chair and Vice Chair respectively, reported on the activities of the Senate, including elections to standing committees, the discussion topic at the upcoming faculty meeting (institutional student learning outcomes), and the 2012-13 faculty satisfaction survey.
- Members reviewed the activities on the campus through the next week, including the Crown Council meeting, April Board of Trustees meeting, GACAC Faith Conference, and the campus visit by the HLC reviewers.
- Provost Braun indicated that Gustavus will send a team to the ELCA Vocation of a Lutheran College Conference scheduled for July 2013 at Augsburg College.
- President Ohle indicated that the ELCA announced a new initiative for the network of ELCA colleges and universities introducing faculty and staff to core elements in Lutheran higher education. Grant monies are available for one person from each ELCA institution to attend the conference. It will be held in July 2013 at Pacific Lutheran University.
- Members approved the hiring of the full-time replacement position of Director of the Academic Support Center.
- Members approved the revised all-college policy against harassment and sexual harassment.
- A donor recognition program for the arboretum was discussed. Further discussion will be held at a future Cabinet meeting.
- The 2013-2014 budget was discussed.
- Members briefly reviewed the information to be sent to department heads and program directors regarding the second round of restricted funds allocated by the Board of Trustees.
- Members reviewed the activities of the April 18-19 Board of Trustees meeting.
News & Announcements
Chaplain Candidates Campus Visits...Four Chaplain candidates will be on campus beginning May 6. Please refer to the website https://gustavus.edu/president/chaplainsearch/ for the schedule of each visit as well as each candidate's résumé when they become available.
Faculty and Admin Service Awards Dinner...This annual dinner will be held Wednesday, May 22 in Alumni Hall, beginning with a social hour at 5 p.m. Dinner will be served at 6 p.m. The College and the Alumni Association will recognize 2013 retirees and the commitment of faculty and administrators who have served 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 years to the College. Cost is $15 per person and you can register online now. A list of those being recognized follows. Please contact the Alumni Office at x7511 or firstname.lastname@example.com with the name of any person that should be included in the list of honorees or with any questions.
- 10 years: Dale Bahr, Laurie Bickett, Margaret Bloch Qazi, Priscilla Briggs, Scott Bur, Mary Gaebler, Anna Hulseberg, Lynne Johnson, Steven Jones, David Maas, Paul Matzke, Thomas McHugh, Dan Oachs, Sujay Rao, Jane Schuck, San Skulrattanakulchai
- 15 years: Mark Bjelland, Michael Ferragamo, Nancy Hanway, Scott Moore, Donald Myers, Wayne Norman, Sara Orth, Ray Thrower, Kelly Waldron, Marie Walker, Suzanne Wilson
- 20 years: Kirk Beyer, Diane Christensen, Paul Saulnier, Joyce Sutphen, Terena Wilkens
- 25 years: Tami Aune, Laurent Dechery, Anne-Marie Gronhovd, Lisa Heldke, Colleen Jacks, Daniel Mollner, Michele Rusinko, Robert Weisenfeld, Ken Westphal
- 30 years: Karl Knight, Garrett Paul, Lawrence Wohl
- 35 years: Lynn Burg, Deane Curtin, Jeanne Herman, Richard Hilbert, Terry Morrison
- Retirees: Marilyn Beyer, Judy Douglas, Anne-Marie Gronhovd, Richard Hilbert, Julie Johnson, Karl Knight
Campus Happenings
Dances of Universal Peace...Come to the Johns Family Courtyard (Heritage Room in case of rain) at 6 p.m. on May 10 for this special event. Dances are done in a circle using music, chants, phrases, and movements from many spiritual traditions. They promote peace within individuals and throughout the world, and are a joyous, simple, and meditative experience. This event is sponsored by the Interfaith Advisory Committee, Diversity Leadership Council, Chaplain's Office, and Departments of Philosophy, Religion, and Theater/Dance.
Sigma Xi Symposium...The Sigma Xi Symposium will be held on Friday, May 3. Gustavus students will present their research in the areas of biology, biochemistry, chemistry, geology, physics, and psychology. Sigma Xi oral presentations will be held in the Nobel Hall of Science, rooms 201 and 222 from 2:30 to 5 p.m. Schedules will be available on the Sigma Xi website and outside of the classrooms. There will also be a Sigma Xi new member recognition ceremony and social in the Nobel Atrium from 4:30 to 5:15 p.m. In addition, research posters will be displayed during the Celebration of Creative Inquiry in the Jackson Campus Center from 5 to 7 p.m.
Books in Bloom...Gustavus Library Associates (GLA) will present its third Books in Bloom event during Honors Weekend, May 3-5, benefiting the Folke Bernadotte Memorial Library on campus. Books in Bloom features creative floral arrangements designed by professional florists and flower enthusiasts that interpret a selected book, film, or other academic resource from the library. The event, attended by hundreds of campus visitors the past two years, appeals to a wide range of readers as non-fiction, biographies, children's books, and classic literature will be represented with imagination and originality. The floral arrangements, called "blooms," will be on display in the library from 3 to 5 p.m. on Friday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Saturday, and 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Sunday. Books in Bloom is open to the public at no charge. Guided tours are available throughout the weekend. Visit the GLA website at gustavus.edu/gla for more information.
Honors Day...Gustavus will host Honors Day on Saturday, May 4. This is an annual event that recognizes the academic excellence and achievement of hundreds of students. More information is available online.
Seniors to Display Artwork at Hillstrom Museum...Six senior studio art majors at Gustavus Adolphus College will have their work displayed at the College's Hillstrom Museum of Art beginning May 4 through June 2. The exhibition, !Look At That, Art Attack! Senior Art Majors Exhibition 2013 will hold an opening reception from 4 to 6 p.m. on Saturday, May 4.On display will be works by Miranda Bickett (North Mankato, Minn.), Margit Bren (Chatfield, Minn.), Karl Brudvig (North Oaks, Minn.), Leif Erik Estenson (St. Peter, Minn.), Olivia Thao Nguyen (Mankato, Minn.), and See Thor (St. Paul, Minn.). More information is available online.
Triathlon is Saturday...The Epsilon Pi Alpha Fraternity will host the sixth annual Take the Hill Triathlon on Saturday, May 4. The event is a benefit for Insulindependence, a nonprofit organization that aims to help type-1 diabetics live active and healthy lifestyles. The organization was founded by Gustavus and Epsilon Pi Alpha alumnus Peter Nerothin '02. More information is available online.
Chapel Schedule... All are invited to the worship services at 10 a.m. weekdays and 10:30 a.m. Sundays in Christ Chapel. The upcoming schedule is as follows.
- Sunday, May 5 - Chaplain Sabina Koij
- Monday, May 6 - Chaplain Candidate Rev. Dr. Beth Marie Halvorsen
- Tuesday, May 7 - Chaplain Rachel Larson, Commemoration of Julian of Norwich
- Wednesday, May 8 - Chaplain Candidate Siri Erickson
- Thursday, May 9 - Chaplain Rod Anderson with music leadership re: vive
- Friday, May 10 - Garrett Paul, Religion, with music by Flood Plain Four
Off-Campus Events of Interest
Riverlights Spring Concert...Come to Trinity Lutheran Church in St. Peter at 7:30 p.m. on Saturday, May 11 for an evening of vocal jazz from the 1930s and 40s, to benefit the Bennett Clayton Foundation for Childrenwith OI Scholarship Fund. The Riverlights is a vocal octet including Cary Albers, Marci Elofson, Brenda DeBlicek, Annette Meeks, Paul Albers, Don Myers, Doug Kvidera, and Ron Rietz. The mission of The Bennett Clayton Foundation for Children with OI is to assist children and families who have been diagnosed with Osetogenesis Imperfecta, often known as "brittle bone disease." Donations will be accepted at the door.
Congregational Outreach
Retreats...Church Relations in the Center for Servant Leadership will host a weekend confirmation retreat for Christus Victor Lutheran Church of Apple Valley from Friday, May 3 to Sunday, May 5. We will also be hosting an adult retreat for Our Savior's Lutheran Church of East Bethel from Monday, May 6 to Tuesday, May 7. These retreat programs are offered as a resource to ELCA congregations who are members of the Gustavus Association of Congregations.
Facility Hours
Library Hours for Friday, May 3...The library will be closing one hour early on Friday, May 3, to accommodate Creative Inquiry participation as well as the Books in Bloom Reception. Hours will be 8 a.m. - 5 p.m.
For Rent...Two 2-bedroom units now available, located in an 8 plex at 605 Swift Street in St. Peter. Units have new carpeting, updated and available now with a single garage. Heat/utilities are included, except for electrical. Call 507-469-8527.
For Sale...4-bedroom, 2 ½ bath home on a quiet street just north of campus. Easy walk or bike ride to GAC, schools, recreation field and downtown. 1756 square feet of primary living space on two floors PLUS finished full basement and sun room. A new maintenance-free deck was built last fall. Energy-efficient passive solar design keeps utility costs low and provids lots of natural light. There's an attached 1 ½ car garage, main floor laundry, wood burning stove and lots of storage space. Home was built in 1982. Call Nancy Walbek at 507-934-6087 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
Seeking House...My husband, daughter and I are looking for housing in St. Peter starting July 1, 2013. We have been renting a house in town that was on the market and recently sold and so our search time is short! At best we would like to find a house that has 3+ bedrooms, is right in town, and has some character. If you have any ideas for us we would appreciate it! We have excellent references. Please contact Hannah Godbout email@example.com.
"Plugs" is maintained as a forum by which members of the Gustavus community may offer goods and/or services to others in the community, or seek the same from them. It is not meant to accommodate ads or announcements from area businesses such as real estate agents or retailers, although from time to time such announcements may be published when deemed to be of particular interest to the community.
|Today 2 pm
|Baseball hosts Hamline University (DH)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/baseball-hosts-hamline-university-dh-2/43509St. Peter, Minn.
|Tomorrow 10 am to 1 pm
|Men's Tennis vs. Williams Collegehttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/men-s-tennis-vs-williams-college/43806Claremont, Calif.
|Apr 1 3–6 pm
|Baseball at MSU, Mankato (9 inn.)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/baseball-at-msu-mankato-9-inn/45072Mankato, Minn.
|6–7 pm
|Self Defense (HWC) w/ Antonhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/self-defense-hwc-w-anton/44248Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|Apr 2 1:30–2:30 pm
|GLBTQA Support Grouphttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/glbtqa-support-group-2/44115Chaplains Resource Room, Old Main 103
|3:30–8:30 pm
|Softball at College of Saint Benedict (DH)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/softball-at-college-of-saint-benedict-dh-2/43228St. Joseph, Minn.
|Apr 3 All day
|Men's Golf vs. Flagler Collegehttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/men-s-golf-vs-flagler-college-3/44129Ponte Vedra Beach, Fla.
|All day
|Women's Golf vs. Flagler Collegehttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/women-s-golf-vs-flagler-college-3/44135Ponte Vedra Beach, Fla.
|8 am
|Women's Tennis vs. Augustana College (Illinois) (Midwest Invitational)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/women-s-tennis-vs-augustana-college-illinois-midwest-invitational/43677Madison, Wis.
|10 am to 1 pm
|Men's Tennis at Pomona-Pitzer Collegeshttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/men-s-tennis-at-pomona-pitzer-colleges-2/43807Claremont, Calif.
|noon to 5 pm
|Softball hosts Concordia College (DH)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/softball-hosts-concordia-college-dh/43229St. Peter, Minn.
|2–5 pm
|Men's Tennis at Cerritos Collegehttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/men-s-tennis-at-cerritos-college-2/43816Norwalk, Calif.
|6–7 pm
|Self Defense (HWC) w/ Antonhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/self-defense-hwc-w-anton/44249Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|Apr 4 All day
|Women's Tennis vs. TBD (Midwest Invitational)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/women-s-tennis-vs-tbd-midwest-invitational/45073Madison, Wis.
|All day
|Women's Tennis vs. TBD (Midwest Invitational)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/women-s-tennis-vs-tbd-midwest-invitational-2/45074Madison, Wis.
|9:30 am to 12:30 pm
|Men's Tennis at Claremont-Mudd-Scrippshttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/men-s-tennis-at-claremont-mudd-scripps-6/43808Claremont, Calif.
|1–7 pm
|Baseball at Augsburg College (DH)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/baseball-at-augsburg-college-dh-2/43511Minneapolis, Minn.
|Apr 5 3–4 pm
|Yoga Sculpt (HWC) w/ Hannahttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/yoga-sculpt-hwc-w-hanna/44363Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|5–6 pm
|Zumba (HWC) w/ McKenziehttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/zumba-hwc-w-mckenzie/44404Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|7–8 pm
|Cardio Dance (HMC class) w/ Gabehttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/cardio-dance-hmc-class-w-gabe-3/44378Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|Mar 27 to Apr 6 All day
|Hillstrom Museum of Art hours during spring breakhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/hillstrom-museum-of-art-hours-during-spring-break-5/45066Hillstrom Museum of Art
|Mar 28 to Apr 6 All day
|Spring Breakhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/spring-break-9/35166Gustavus Campus
|Apr 6–
|Men's Golf at Emory Invitationalhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/men-s-golf-at-emory-invitational-3/44130Adairsville, Ga.
|Apr 6 2:30–7:30 pm
|Softball at Saint Mary's University (DH)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/softball-at-saint-mary-s-university-dh-2/43224Winona, Minn.
|4–5 pm
|Tabata (HWC) w/ Kelseyhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/tabata-hwc-w-kelsey/44204Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|6–7 pm
|Cardio Dance (HWC) w/ Sydneyhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/cardio-dance-hwc-w-sydney/44219Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|7–8 pm
|Zumba (HWC) w/ Meganhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/zumba-hwc-w-megan/44234Lund 217 (Gymnastics Room)
|Apr 7 8–8:45 am
|Community Mindfulness Meditation with John Chahttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/community-mindfulness-meditation-with-john-cha/44537Interfaith Space
|10–10:20 am
|Daily Sabbathhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/daily-sabbath-199/45028Christ Chapel
|noon to 12:30 pm
|WE- TRX with Troy Bansehttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/we-trx-with-troy-banse-6/44451Lund-3rd Floor Forum
|12:40–1:20 pm
|WE-Triple Threathttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/we-triple-threat/44466Lund 217 (Gymnastics Room)
|2:30–8:30 pm
|Baseball hosts University of St. Thomas (DH)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/baseball-hosts-university-of-st-thomas-dh/43512St. Peter, Minn.
|3–5 pm
|Foreign Language Equivalency Exams - Spring 2015https://gustavus.edu/calendar/foreign-language-equivalency-exams-spring-2015/44304Culpeper Language Learning Center, Vickner 108
|3–6 pm
|Majors/Minors Fairhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/majors-minors-fair-3/43549Heritage Banquet Room
|7–8 pm
|Cardio Dance HMC Class w/ Gabehttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/cardio-dance-hmc-class-w-gabe/44264Lund 217 (Gymnastics Room)
|7–9 pm
|DIII Athlete Window Paintinghttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/diii-athlete-window-painting/45020Evelyn Young Dining Room
|Apr 8 7:30–9 am
|Gustie Breakfast - Scott Moellerhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/gustie-breakfast-scott-moeller/44838Campus Center Banquet Rooms
|10–10:20 am
|Daily Sabbath: Morning Prayerhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/daily-sabbath-morning-prayer/45029Christ Chapel
|11:40 am to 12:20 pm
|WE - Yogahttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/we-yoga-2/44480Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|12:40–1:20 pm
|WE-Cardio Fithttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/we-cardio-fit/44494Lund 217 (Gymnastics Room)
|3–5 pm
|Foreign Language Equivalency Exams - Spring 2015https://gustavus.edu/calendar/foreign-language-equivalency-exams-spring-2015/44305Culpeper Language Learning Center, Vickner 108
|3:30–8:30 pm
|Softball hosts St. Catherine University (DH) (Professor Day)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/softball-hosts-st-catherine-university-dh-professor-day/43230St. Peter, Minn.
|4–6 pm
|January Interim Study Abroad Fairhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/january-interim-study-abroad-fair/44880Heritage Room
|4:30–5:30 pm
|HIIT w/ Carrie & Maggie (HWC)https://gustavus.edu/calendar/hiit-w-carrie-maggie-hwc/44279Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|6–7 pm
|Self Defense (HWC) w/ Antonhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/self-defense-hwc-w-anton/44250Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|7–8 pm
|Zumba (HWC) w/ Meganhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/zumba-hwc-w-megan-2/44293Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|7–8:30 pm
|Talk: "Ebola in Africa: A Product of History, Not a Natural Phenomenon"https://gustavus.edu/calendar/talk-ebola-in-africa-a-product-of-history-not-a-natural-phenomenon/44874Confer 128
|Apr 9 6:30–7:20 am
|WE-Bootcamphttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/we-bootcamp/44508Lund 224 (Aerobics Room)
|9 am to 6 pm
|Senior Class Grad Finalehttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/senior-class-grad-finale/45059Campus Center, Heritage
|10–10:20 am
|Daily Sabbathhttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/daily-sabbath-200/45030Christ Chapel
|11:30 am to 12:30 pm
|Teachers Talkinghttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/teachers-talking-113/42912President's Dining Room
|Feb 23 to Apr 19 All day
|Imagined Worlds, Large and Small: the Photographs of Sarah Hobbs and Lori Nix, and additional exhibitions, at the Hillstrom Museum of Arthttps://gustavus.edu/calendar/imagined-worlds-large-and-small-the-photographs-of-sarah-hobbs-and-lori-nix-and-additional-exhibitions-at-the-hillstrom-museum-of-art/44762Hillstrom Museum of Art
To add or change items on the calendar, please fill out and submit a College Calendar event form. View the entire College Calendar online.
Men's Track & Field Finishes Seventh, Women Take 12th At PLNU Invitational
3 hours ago by Ethan Armstrong
From Athletics
Kaitlyn Bicek's Bat Propels Softball To Sweep Over Dubuque
16 hours ago by Ethan Armstrong
From Athletics » Featured Homepage
Softball Splits With Simpson
Yesterday by Ethan Armstrong
From Athletics
Alex Kopp Places 12th In All-Around, 13th On Balance Beam At NCGA Championships
3 days ago by Ethan Armstrong
From Athletics
Softball Swept By Central To Open Weekend In Iowa
3 days ago by Ethan Armstrong
From Athletics
Gustavus Symphony Orchestra Sets Tour Sights on East Coast
3 days ago by Al Behrends
From Fine Arts
Hillstrom Museum Spring Break Hours Announced
3 days ago by Al Behrends
From Fine Arts
Professor Deborah Goodwin to Give Inaugural Wahlstrom Lecture
6 days ago by Matt Thomas '00
From News » Second
African Studies Program to Host Dr. August Nimtz Jr. on April 8
6 days ago by Matt Thomas '00
From News » Third
Fifth Annual Gustavus Women in Leadership Conference is April 16
6 days ago by Matt Thomas '00
From News » First
First-Ever Jazz Combos Showcase at Gustavus Sunday
Last week by Al Behrends
From Fine Arts
Holt & Fasbender Recital Sunday
Last week by Al Behrends
From Fine Arts
Philharmonic Orchestra Welcomes Violin Soloists Sunday
Last week by Al Behrends
From Fine Arts
February at Gustavus in Pictures
2 weeks ago by Matt Thomas '00
From News » Sixth
Josh Sande '12 Discovers Academic Curiosity and Passion for Public Service
2 weeks ago by Matt Thomas '00
From News » Fourth
Inside Gustavus is a newsletter for Gustavus Adolphus College employees produced by the Office of Marketing and Communication. It is published weekly during the academic year (except during the week of Thanksgiving, the Christmas break, Touring Week, and the Spring and Easter breaks). Anyone may submit items by filling out an online submission form. While online submissions are preferred, items may also be submitted typewritten on a letter-sized sheet of paper. Send "snail mail" items to: Inside Gustavus, Office of Marketing and Communication. Items must reach the office no later than 4:30 p.m. on the Tuesday before publication. For more information, contact Matt Thomas (firstname.lastname@example.com or x7510).
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
What should be stored in a forum post?
So... What should be stored in a forum post? Whether it is a node or entity, what should we store? And how?
Use 'Node' or custom entity for forum posts
For this new project, would it be better to use the existing node in core or create a custom entity for forum posts?
existing node uses extra tables to add forum functionality and tracking, this adds table look ups and updates
a custom entity couild be made to hold all data in one table row per post, but do we lose some traditional Drupal functionality with other modules if we don't use the built in node?
And what should be recorded per post?Read more
A new forum project, a call for ideas and coders
A new project.
I think we all know that the built in Drupal forum is lacking, and currently it is a roadblock for many site developers, myself included. So in the community spirit I am inviting anyone and everyone to contribute ideas, theories, time, code, anything. it is way more than anyone can handle alone, but with colaboration it can be done.
Currently I named it "Colloquium", but feel free to suggest names :)
I am going to start a few other topics for the purpose of brainstorming, and will post them here.
Call to action: Go Organic Groups way.
I am with little success, or to express myself more correct - in very time consuming way building couple communities with Drupal 7. The centerpiece of them has to be some kind of a forum.Read more
Why re-invent the wheel?
For whatever reason, a self contained D6 forum module was never allowed to be included in the official modules but I've worked with this module quite a bit and I believe it is SERIOUSLY worth looking at, even if for just a basis or starting point or maybe even, if nothing else, a proof of concept. It can be found here: http://www.richardpeacock.com/blog/2010/10/rp-forum-drupal-6-module
It has most (if not all) the features all the "big" forums have such as:
Features (included without additional modules!)
Read more
Ability to ban users based on IP and IP ranges
Reviving this Forum Improvements group?
Is this group still active? Does it need some new blood? I might be interested.
Now that Drupal 7 is out, I continue to be embarrassed by the core Drupal Forum. In fact, I'm not even going to talk about the "Forums". What I want to see is a module that fosters building a Community. Instead of focusing on exactly which features Drupal Forum is missing compared to PHPBB or VBulletin (which is still a valid discussion to have), I would rather focus on something more fundamental: community building.Read more
Drupal forum recipe
Workspace to create a master list of features and what modules are needed to get said features.
PhpBB team are making an official Drupal Bridge
They have announced it here: http://www.phpbb.com/community/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=2099641
and it is a result of their experiences here: http://blog.phpbb.com/2010/07/28/oscon-2010/
I think whilst normally we want to improve the core forum module, this feels like it could be different. If the phpbb team are working on an official bridge they have the ability to change the code of phpbb itself to make it integrate generally. (Which they appear to be doing anyway).Read more
Articles about how to improve Drupal forum
I think the following links should interest people that are looking for efficient solutions to improve their forum based on Drupal, only by using the forum core module (no Advanced Forum), and by respecting and following the strict modular logic of Drupal (modules, hooks, themes and so on).
Here are the articles:
- Drupal Tip #1: Add Smileys to your forum
- Drupal Tip #2: Message Quoting
- Drupal Tip #3: Post Advanced Formatting
- Drupal Tip #4: Add "Views Count" column
- Drupal Tip #5: Add a "Who is online?" block
- Drupal Tip #6: Add a breadcrumb to your forum
- Drupal Tip #7: Use Custom Thread Icons
- Drupal Tip #8: Hide Specific Forum Containers
- Drupal Tip #9: Theme Forum Topics
- Drupal Tip #10: Beautiful User Profile in Topics
- Drupal Tip #11: Friendly URLs in your forum with Pathauto
Note that we should publish new articles soon, and if you are interesting, I will update this discussion as well. The primary target of these articles was to explain how we improved the Discussion Forum of our Drupal website.
See also the Full List of Drupal Tips
I hope you will find our articles interesting and useful for your personal needs.
[Updated] June 16th, 2010: 3 new articles added.
[Updated] January 18th, 2011: 4 new articles added. List is now complete. Happy hacking!
What's the basic difference between Drupal forums and standard forums?
When trying to import external forums into Drupal, I've found the main difficulty is a single fundamental difference between Drupal forums and the rest of today's forums.
It's the same one difference that for example makes common administrative tasks such as splitting or merging threads (while keeping chronological order), etc., easy in well-known forum systems but so difficult in Drupal forums, core and Advanced; difficult with Comment Mover, and even directly editing the database. Drupal forums are good and usable in most cases, with most normal functions similar to other systems but, for more advanced moderation, they are not yet ready.
Why? What's that basic difference? We can see it in the support forums of the currently most popular forum systems, such as vBulletin, phpBB, SMF, and Invision Power. Or we can install them and look at the tables where posts and threads are stored.
Drupal have modules for threaded and flat forums, so this is not the main difference. Most current forums are linear/flat by default, but part of them admit both linear and threaded display modes.
The basic difference is another one, truly simple but with fundamental effects:Read more


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Consulting arborist Mathew Palmer (ISA Cert Arb, NC Arb) owner and director of Advanced Tree Services Ltd is available to provide comprehensive and objective appraisal, evaluation and counsel for arboricultural issues. Such issues may include protected trees, protected tree resource consents, tree health, tree reports, managing trees on construction sites and tree planting and tree maintenance plans.
Our qualified Arborists provide all aspects of residential and commercial tree care including; tree pruning, tree removal, tree reduction, tree thinning, tree mulching and tree planting, for Christchurch, Canterbury and the surrounding regions, New Zealand.
We are a Christchurch City Council Approved Contractor, Quantified Tree Risk Assessment Licensed, a New Zealand Arboricultural Association Member and an International Association of Arboriculture Member. We have OSH Approved Health and Safety and Full Insurance.
I would like to say how pleased I am with the work the team did on site. . . . The foreman was very helpful and gave me his expert advice (which I heeded). I couldn't believe the change when I came home – there were no branches, hedge clippings. In fact I think the garden looked even tidier! The wood was nicely stacked in piles under the trees they came from and this allowed me to easily clear it away into the woodshed that weekend. The foreman took ownership of the job and understood the outcome I was looking for and so was able to do a fabulous job, making good decisions on my behalf while I was at work. As the garden has settled in to its new look, I am seeing the house and garden anew. There is so much more light coming on to our lawn and our grass will be healthier as a result. The crew did a fabulous job. – McCallum, Lincoln
Our experience, specialist knowledge and equipment means that we can remove unwanted or unsafe trees quickly and efficiently without damage to surrounding property or plantings.
Regular pruning is necessary to remove dead, diseased, or dangerous branches and to improve tree structure, enhance vigour, or maintain safety.
Storm damaged trees can be dangerous. If large limbs are broken or hanging, or if high or overhead chainsaw work is needed, it is a job for our professional arborists.
We tidy up as we go! We put all tree waste through our brush chippers. The brush chip can then be used as garden mulch. We donate mulch to schools in the Canterbury area.


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Steigenberger Hotel Stadt Hamburg
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Day 28 - MSC Poesia at Sea
... the ship. A taxi from the port to the town Centre costs approximately �70 each way. This afternoon we enjoyed the thermal pools then got ready for gala night. We dressed up, went out for a delicious meal and then were supposed to go to the 9pm theatre show except I was exhausted and was asleep by 830pm. A great day of ...
Day 27 - Berlin to MSC cruise ship
... were segregated from the community. His mother's family are Polish Protestant. His parents met in America. Jonathan moved to Germany 5 years ago and did his masters in political discourse. He has been working as a historical walking guide for a year. Jonathan can speak Germany, his girlfriend is German and he said he is settled in Berlin. Jonathan's family history was very interesting particularly about his paternal grandfather's decision ...
... ve ever had and tasted some delicious German beer! We spent the evening walking around our port city. It turned out to be a beautiful beach town with tons of waterside pubs! I spent the entire next day on a Semester at Sea tour of Sauchenhausen Concentration Camp and Berlin. I was lucky enough to grab one of the few remaining seats for the bus, and traveled 2 hours to see this concentration/death camp. Having only heard of Auschwitz, I had no idea what to expect. The ...
Taxi ride from Viking descendant. arrived at the star studded cruiser, passing towns from Denmark to Wernamude, Germany. Multi ethnic cruisers, met Bostonians, gal discussed football with C thru entire fire drill. At Show encouraged an Asian couple to dance, they bowed good night to us. Late nite listening to Motown, Great dinner and wine- now this is more like ...
On our own in Warnemünde & Rostock
... and sculpture.
With basic directions from our guide book, and some help along the way, we ended up in a small parking lot for a supermarket and an unmarked brown building.
This was the former headquarters for East Germany's feared secret police, known as the Stassi, and now open to the public.
We entered a small lobby, walked through a set of prison bars, then up a flight of stairs.


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Upcoming EventsMar31Tue6:00 pm Handbell RehearsalHandbell RehearsalMar 31 @ 6:00 pm – 7:00 pmNew bell ringers are invited to join us. See Robert Hamilton for more information.6:30 pm Loose ThreadsLoose ThreadsMar 31 @ 6:30 pmThis group is for those interested in learning or just getting together to knit, crochet or do any other needle work or crafts with other Christian women.7:00 pm Men's BasketballMen's BasketballMar 31 @ 7:00 pmCome and join us for a fun night of basketball!Apr1Wed6:30 pm Three Fold CommunionThree Fold CommunionApr 1 @ 6:30 pmWe recall the "Upper Room Experience", where Jesus celebrated the "Passover" with His disciples, washed their feet, and instituted what we observe as the "communion service".Apr2Thu9:00 am Ladies' Bible StudyLadies' Bible StudyApr 2 @ 9:00 am – 10:15 amThe Thursday AM and PM Bible Study is starting a new 10 week study, The Promised One (Seeing Jesus in Genesis), by Nancy Guthrie.4:30 pm Ronald McDonald House Easter Egg...Ronald McDonald House Easter Egg...Apr 2 @ 4:30 pm – 9:30 pmCome help us put on a FABULOUS Easter Egg Hunt for the children staying in the Ronald McDonald House. **We will make a dinner stop on the way home, so please bring money for your7:00 pm Ladies' Bible StudyLadies' Bible StudyApr 2 @ 7:00 pm – 8:15 pmThe Thursday AM and PM Bible Study is starting a new 10 week study, The Promised One (Seeing Jesus in Genesis), by Nancy Guthrie.Apr3Fri7:30 pm Good Friday ServiceGood Friday ServiceApr 3 @ 7:30 pmCalvary, the place where Jesus paid the price for our sins. The heavens were darkened, the earth shook, the curtain in the Temple was torn from top to bottom…and we pause to stop and rememberApr6Mon5:30 pm PizzaPizzaApr 6 @ 5:30 pm – 6:00 pmPlease call to be added to the list. Cost includes veggies and water.6:00 pm ChoirChoirApr 6 @ 6:00 pm – 7:15 pmAll Middle and High School students are welcome. Come give it a try!
A warm welcome awaits you at Grace Brethren Church!
News & Announcements
- HOLY WEEK Worship Schedule
- RELENTLESS: 2015 Men's Retreat
- "Our Little Angels" Thanks You!
- JOY Club Lunch
- Women's Choir for Spring
- Church Family Info Update
- Vacation Bible School
- Missions Trip to Atlanta, GA
- Ronald McDonald House Easter Egg Hunt
- Momentum Youth Conference
- The Conclave (Youth Group Time)
- Church Family Info Update
- Women's Choir for Spring
About Us
We at Grace Brethren Church believe that the local church, a consistent gathering of believers who share common beliefs and goals, is God's plan. It enables us to fulfill Jesus' command to go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything He has commanded us (Matthew 18:19-20). Grace Brethren Church exists to encourage Jesus' followers through community and worship, and to equip them to live according to His commands.


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Edward L. Fiandach's AnswersEdward has answered 9 questions
I don't believe that you will qualify for any form of conditional license. The DMV website is correct, there is no way to obtain a conditional license while you are suspended in NJ.
5 lawyers agreed with this answer
I doubt that there is a Judge in New York that will sign off on a gun permit given these circumstances.
4 lawyers agreed with this answer
Pay them.
3 lawyers agreed with this answer
Well, without knowing the particulars as to how you performed on the Field Sobriety Tests, it is hard to say. My rule of thumb, though is that you always have a fighting chance with a refusal.
3 lawyers agreed with this answer
New York does not recognize any form of expugment. What type of DEA license are you looking to obtain?
3 lawyers agreed with this answer
My advice is that you have a heart to heart discussion with your probation officer. Getting a lawyer involved will do no good as, in my experience, the judge who placed you on probation will place...
3 lawyers agreed with this answer
I see your problem. You are being denied licensing. It is a civil lawsuit filed against the Department of Motor Vehicles.
2 lawyers agreed with this answer
Yes, you should have an attorney. Under the new regulations (15 NYCRR Parts 132 - 136) a confirmed refusal to submit is an alcohol or drug related incident and will be given the same force and...
1 lawyer agreed with this answer
OK, if I understand the situation correctly, you passed the physical field sobriety tests, were not charged with DWI but you were asked to submit to a hand-held so-called preliminary breath test....
1 lawyer agreed with this answer


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Health-Care-Associated Infections in Hospitals:
An Overview of State Reporting Programs and Individual Hospital Initiatives to Reduce Certain Infections
GAO-08-808: Published: Sep 5, 2008. Publicly Released: Oct 2, 2008.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-7207
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
Health-care-associated infections (HAI) are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment for other conditions. Normally treated with antimicrobial drugs, HAIs are a growing concern as exposure to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) becomes more common. Infections caused by MDROs, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), lead to longer hospital stays, higher treatment costs, and higher mortality. In response to demands for more public information on HAIs, some states began to establish HAI public reporting systems. The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a system--the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)--to collect HAI data from hospitals and some states have chosen to use it for their programs. In addition, some hospitals have adopted initiatives to reduce MRSA by routinely testing some or all patients and isolating those who test positive for MRSA from contact with other patients. GAO was asked to examine (1) the design and implementation of state HAI public reporting systems, (2) the initiatives hospitals have undertaken to reduce MRSA infections, and (3) the experience of certain early-adopting hospitals in overcoming challenges to implement such initiatives. GAO interviewed state officials, reviewed documents, and surveyed or conducted site visits at hospitals with MRSA-reduction initiatives.
GAO identified 23 states that had established mandatory HAI public reporting systems through February 2008; most have used similar approaches to design their programs and address resource and technological challenges that affect their implementation. Most states have designed programs that focus on a few measures that were developed or endorsed by the CDC. Three states have chosen to collect information on hospital-associated MRSA infections. In addition, a majority of states have chosen to adopt the CDC's NHSN. Adopting NHSN allows states to minimize some of the resource and technological challenges that they confront in implementing HAI reporting systems including providing training for hospital staff in data collection and developing systems to collect HAI data that meet accepted infection control standards. GAO reviewed a sample of 14 hospitals (including several hospital systems) with MRSA-reduction initiatives that were selected to provide variation in location, teaching status, and population of metropolitan area. GAO found all use routine testing for MRSA, although they chose different patient populations to test and used various testing methodologies. Three hospitals tested all patients for MRSA, while the other hospitals almost universally tested patients in adult or neonatal intensive care units. The hospitals reported changing their general infection control policies or practices as part of their initiatives--all 14 made changes for hand hygiene and more than half made changes to their contact precautions or disinfection of environmental surfaces. The hospitals GAO reviewed reported needing varying levels of funding and staff resources to implement and operate their initiatives, but all hospitals that tracked MRSA infection rates reported a decline in MRSA infections as a result of their initiatives. Two hospital systems that GAO visited overcame a similar set of challenges in implementing MRSA-reduction programs. Both systems had to design and execute processes to put the elements of their MRSA-reduction initiatives into effect and promote compliance with those processes by hospital staff. In designing their systems, both hospital systems incorporated these processes as much as possible into the normal workflow of hospital staff and promoted staff compliance through a combination of concerted leadership and specific procedures designed to facilitate staff compliance reinforced through detailed feedback on their performance. However, the two hospital systems took different approaches in obtaining resources for their initiatives. One directed substantial financial resources into its MRSA-reduction initiative to implement the initiative simultaneously for all patients at all three of its hospitals, while the other relied largely on existing resources and implemented its initiative more incrementally at selected hospitals and in selected units. GAO received technical comments from the Department of Health and Human Services and oral comments from the American Hospital Association on a draft of this report.
Mar 27, 2015
Children's Health Insurance:Coverage of Services and Costs to Consumers in Selected CHIP and Private Health Plans in Five StatesGAO-15-323: Published: Feb 25, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 27, 2015.
Mar 25, 2015
Health Care Funding:Federal Obligations to and Expenditures by Selected Entities Involved in Health-Related Activities, 2010-2012GAO-15-270R: Published: Mar 20, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 25, 2015.
Mar 24, 2015
Drug Discount Program:Status of GAO Recommendations to Improve 340B Drug Pricing Program OversightGAO-15-455T: Published: Mar 24, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 24, 2015.
Mar 23, 2015
Private Health Insurance:Early Evidence Finds Premium Tax Credit Likely Contributed to Expanded Coverage, but Some Lack Access to Affordable PlansGAO-15-312: Published: Mar 23, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 23, 2015.
Medicare:Payment Methods for Certain Cancer Hospitals Should Be Revised to Promote EfficiencyGAO-15-199: Published: Feb 20, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 23, 2015.
Mar 13, 2015
Medicaid Financing:Questionnaire Data on States' Methods for Financing Medicaid Payments from 2008 through 2012 (GAO-15-227SP, March 2015), an E-supplement to GAO-14-627GAO-15-227SP: Published: Mar 13, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 13, 2015.
Medicaid Financing:States' Increased Reliance on Funds from Health Care Providers and Local Governments Warrants Improved CMS Data Collection [Reissued on March 13, 2015]GAO-14-627: Published: Jul 29, 2014. Publicly Released: Jul 29, 2014.
Mar 9, 2015
Comparative Effectiveness:Initial Assessment of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research InstituteGAO-15-301: Published: Mar 9, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 9, 2015.
Mar 4, 2015
Healthcare.gov:CMS Has Taken Steps to Address Problems, but Needs to Further Implement Systems Development Best PracticesGAO-15-238: Published: Mar 4, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 4, 2015.
Drug Shortages:Better Management of the Quota Process for Controlled Substances Needed; Coordination between DEA and FDA Should Be ImprovedGAO-15-202: Published: Feb 2, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 4, 2015.
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Our luxury serviced apartments are decorated to a high standard with decor to suit. All of our apartments are fitted with modern appliances. You will find flat screen tv and broadband internet at our serviced apartments.
CONTACT: Letting Serviced Apartments (LSA) on
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'We All Celebrate'
Third-grader Jillian Rohach, front, tells how she likes to celebrate Thanksgiving in the musical, "We All Celebrate" on Thursday afternoon at Lincoln Elementary School. The music directors were Paulette Huber and Yvette Schubert.
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Man beaten while sleeping, Corpus Christi police say
Victim had little information on his attacker
CORPUS CHRISTI - A 24-year-old man was awakened by a man hitting him with a metal object early Sunday, Corpus Christi police reported.
Witnesses found the man outside a home in the 900 block of South Alameda Street about 2:40 a.m. and called police. The man said he dragged himself outside the home after the attacker left. He did not have any information other than it was a man who hit him.
The victim was taken to Christus Spohn Hospital Memorial with serious injuries, police said.
Anyone with information regarding this crime should call Crime Stoppers at 888-8477 or the Corpus Christi Police Department Homicide/Robbery Bureau at 361-886-2841.
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Need Help? Call us at 1-800-566-8098.
Monday-Friday: 5am-8pm / Saturday: 7am-12pm / Sunday: 6am-1pm


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Return to the Career Development + Law Practice Center Homepage
View all events »
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Students: Please log in with your Loymail username and password. If you need assistance with your password, please contact the Help Desk at 504-865-2255.
Location: College of Law, 526 Pine Street Room 101, New Orleans
Broadway Campus Map
8:30 am to 4:45 pm, Monday - Friday
counseling after hours is by appointment only.
New! Drop-In Appointments:
Available every Thursday,
from 12:30pm-3:30pm
in LS Room 101
Mailing Address:
Loyola University New Orleans
Career Development and Law Practice Center
7214 St. Charles Avenue, Box 910
New Orleans, LA 70118
Phone: 504-861-5562
Fax: 504-861-5774
Email: email@example.com
Loyola University New Orleans is a member of the Association of Jesuit Colleges & Universities
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Career Development + Law Practice Center Intranet
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Career Development + Law Practice Center |
Phone: (504) 861-5562 | Fax: (504) 861-5774
Physical Address: 540 Broadway Street, Room 330, New Orleans, LA 70118 | Mailing Address: 7214 St. Charles Ave., Box 910, New Orleans, LA 70118
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Clinical Trials
Latest Headlines
Latest Headlines
China green-lights domestic Ebola shot for clinical trials
China has approved a locally developed Ebola vaccine from its Academy of Military Medical Sciences for clinical trials, state news agency Xinhua said Thursday.
GSK shingles candidate hits its mark in hefty Phase III study
More than four years ago, GlaxoSmithKline began a Phase III study of a shingles candidate it hoped would eventually mount a challenge to Merck's Zostavax. Now, that candidate is one step closer after hitting its primary endpoint in that trial.
GlaxoSmithKline scores a PhIII success for marathon shingles vaccine study
GlaxoSmithKline got some good news for its big vaccines group, scoring a pivotal Phase III win for its shingles vaccine HZ/su more than four years after the study was launched.
Tetraphase spikes on a Phase III success for lead antibiotic
Shares of Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals spiked 15% Wednesday afternoon after the biotech said its lead antibiotic hit its primary endpoint in a head-to-head Phase III study, leaving the company on track to file for an approval before the end of next year.
Neovacs blasted after lead therapy flops in PhIIb for rheumatoid arthritis
Paris-based Neovacs got hammered yesterday after the biotech spread the word that its Phase IIb study of an experimental therapeutic vaccine for rheumatoid arthritis flopped.
Amgen tests T-Vec's combo potential in trial with Merck's Keytruda
Amgen's cancer vaccine candidate may be awaiting FDA and EMA approval as a melanoma monotherapy, but like many of its peers, it's also looking to explore its prospect's potential as part of an immunotherapy duo, and now it's kicked off a trial combining its treatment with Merck's anti-PD-1 therapy that should help it do just that.
PaxVax meets primary endpoints in PhIII cholera vaccine trial
Right now, there is no FDA-approved cholera vaccine for U.S. travelers heading to high-risk countries. A California company hopes to change that soon: On Monday, PaxVax said it planned to submit a Biologics License Application for its oral single-dose candidate in mid-2015.
Circassia looks to higher doses to salvage ragweed drug after PhIIb miss
Circassia Pharmaceuticals' pipeline has suffered its first notable post-IPO setback. The British biotech's ragweed allergy drug failed to live up to expectations in a Phase IIb trial, prompting the company to dig deeper into the data in search of a path forward for the candidate.
Merck, NewLink Ebola vaccine trial shows no serious side effects so far
Just days after GlaxoSmithKline and the NIH's National Instite of Allergy and Infectious Diseases announced Phase I success for their investigative Ebola vaccine, Merck and NewLink Genetics have their own positive news to report.
GSK, NIH gear up for Ebola vaccine trial expansion after success in PhI
The race for an Ebola vaccine is ramping up with positive Phase I data from an experimental vaccine made by GlaxoSmithKline and the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. And thanks to those results, larger trials could be on the way soon.


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Farhan Akhtar says the right way to go about remakes is to take the consent of those associated with the original.
Ram Charan, the son of actor-politician Chiranjeevi, is having a rocking time in B-Town.
Atul Kulkarni`s role in the remake version of `Zanjeer` is said to be inspired by Mid-Day journalist J Dey.
Amitabh Bachchan, who rose to fame after starring in Prakash Mehra`s `Zanjeer`, says he is grateful to writer-duo Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar for believing on him.
Although it may seem to Sanjay Dutt that certain sections of the film industry have turned their backs on him, the fact remains that his friends are staunchly loyal to him.
Screen legend Pran, who was today honoured with the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award here, seems to be ok with the remake of 1973 superhit film `Zanjeer`, where he played the iconic `Sher Khan`.
The re-make of the 1973 blockbuster 'Zanjeer', from what had last been heard, had sailed through the troubled legal patches.
Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar have been fighting for the intellectual rights of the new version.
Big B won`t be making an appearance in the remake of `Zanjeer`.
Megastar Amitabh Bachchan finds trailer of 'Zanjeer' remake "smashing" and gives his best wishes to the cast and crew.
K. Chiranjeevi Monday said he was proud of his actor son Ramcharan Teja for doing a bilingual movie, a re-make of the 1973 Hindi classic 'Zanjeer'.
Actress Mahi Gill, who is stepping into Bindu`s iconic `Mona Darling` act in Apoorva Lakhia`s `Zanjeer` remake, says the glamorous role pushed her out of her comfort zone.
Priyanka Chopra will don two distinct looks for the remake of 1973 film 'Zanjeer', says designer Pria Kataria Puri, who is making her Bollywood foray with the movie.
Sonu Sood has no regrets that he had to opt out of the 'Zanjeer' remake.
Sonu Sood had to withdraw from Apoorva Lakhia's 'Zanjeer' remake following a major injury.
An overwhelming response to Sanjay Dutt`s look in the 'Zanjeer' remake has compelled director Apoorva Lakhia to rework the actor`s role as Sher Khan in the film.
The crew of Apoorva Lakhia`s 'Zanjeer' is said to have placed a Rs.500 bet on actors Ram Charan Teja and Priyanka Chopra, who are busy brushing up their Hindi and Telugu diction respectively.
The onscreen chemistry between Priyanka Chopra and Ram Charan in the 'Zanjeer' remake is surprisingly refreshing, says filmmaker Apoorva Lakhia.
Sanju baba gave us totally different looks in both films and the latest is that the superstar is donning yet another avatar in the forthcoming remake of ' Zanjeer' directed by Apoorva Lakhia.
Sanjay Dutt has opened up to a lot of experimentation with his looks.
Day in Pics: 29th March
Showbiz World - March 29, 2015
Cricket World Cup: Team India members return home


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Gipsy Kings ("Bamboleo") at the Greek Theatre
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for Gipsy Kings was Saturday August 30, 2014 / 8:00pm.
Currently at Greek Theatre
WAR, Los Lonely Boys, Tierra and Malo Under the Stars at the Greek
- Full Price:
- $70.00
- Our Price:
- $60.00 - $65.00
"War, what is it good for, absolutely nothing!" -- unless you're listening to the funk band WAR… More
Venue Details
Reviews & Ratings
Featured review from wmayeaRed Velvet
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Oh, the Gipsy Kings. You are one of my favorite. The Greek Theater was packed for this performance where you played many of your newer songs. The romance was in the air. The night lovely. As I arrived about 30 minutes late, I was disappointed there was no opening band, but did learn the Greek cuts off at 10:15. Stacked parking was a bit difficult to get to that one HAS to come early to the Greek. Met a nice lady when I gave her a free ticket. Had a good time overall.
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Husband and I see them every year. Who can resist the Spanish guitar. ( I know I know they are from south of France ) Performance is always superb and the Greek is the perfect venue. Bring a sweater it can get a bit chilly.
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I love their music!
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Great experience. Highly recommended!
Twenty-five years is an eternity in pop music, but the story of the Gipsy Kings reaches back much farther. Theirs is a music that extends through generations, to the sounds of their ancestors, and reflects the eclectic and peripatetic history of the gitanos, Spanish Romani people who fled the Catalonia region during the Spanish Civil War. The group's unchanging roster consists of two bands of brothers—the Reyes (Nicolas, Canut, Paul, Patchai, and Andre) and the Baliardos (Tonino, Paco, and Diego). The father of the Reyes brothers, Jose Reyes, formed a celebrated flamenco duo with Manitas de Plata which counted the likes of Miles Davis and Pablo Picasso among its fans. When the pair parted ways, Reyes became even more popular after starting his own band, backed up by his sons and called Los Reyes.
Venue Rules: No cameras (any type), no recording devices, no laser pointers, no alcohol, no drugs, no cans, no bottles, no portable T.V.s, no weapons, no picnic baskets, no ice chests or backpacks.


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Narrow your search
On April 1, Netflix is giving a lot of movies the axe, no joke. Not to worry -- here's what's replacing them.
On April 1, Netflix is giving a lot of movies the axe, no joke. Not to worry -- here's what's replacing them.
A few states have begun the journey toward offering a digital version of your driver's license that would reside on your phone. But the going could be stop and go for a while.
The Internet retailer added Baltimore and Miami last week, after first launching the service in Manhattan in December.
Apple's new smartwatch isn't out yet, but trade-in site Gazelle says it will offer to buy it from sellers and will also sell certified pre-owned models.
Apple has locked down deals with CBS, FOX, ABC and more for its long anticipated TV subscription service. Plus, Apple Stores will trade-in your Android phone and there's our Mophie Juicepack giveaway!
The iDrink concept puts a new spin on the smartphone breathalyzer by including a game that gets more difficult the more you drink.
Skype, OneDrive and other Office apps are coming pre-installed on several Android devices. Meanwhile, Amazon solves the problem of using a Fire TV Stick with hotel Wi-Fi.
Google announces the arrival of Android 5.1 Lollipop. Find out what's being added and who will get the update.
Pricing and availability for Sony's 2015 lineup of 4K TVs has leaked, targeting a release date of May for all of the models and prices from $1,300 up to $8,000.