text:
VIEWS: 162 PAGES: 14 CATEGORY: Consumer Electronics POSTED ON: 1/18/2011
Resonator resonant frequency generated means of electronic components, commonly divided into the quartz crystal resonators and ceramic resonators. Played the role of production frequency, with a stable, good anti-jamming performance characteristics, widely used in various electronic products, quartz crystal resonator frequency accuracy than ceramic resonators, but the cost is higher than the ceramic resonator. From the resonator frequency control the important role of all electronic products related to frequency of transmitter and receiver are required resonator. Type of resonator-line according to shape and can be divided into two of SMD.
IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 Thin Film Resonator Technology K.M. Lakin TFR Technologies, Inc. 63140 Britta St. Ste. C106, Bend, OR 97701 Abstract The thin film resonator technology has gives some reference values for resonators for several been under development for over forty years in one materials for operation at 1 GHz. form or another. Although the basic approach is derived from the desire to reach higher frequencies Table: Reference numbers for thin plate resonators at than those readily achieved by thinning bulk crystals, 1 GHz assuming 50 Ohm nominal reactance. Tp is there have always been competing technologies or the plate thickness and Tm electrode thickness. fundamental material or processing problems that Electrodes were assumed to be aluminum, unless have impeded the development. Finally, a point was otherwise noted, and to be 10% of the piezoelectric reached in the wireless market wherein competing plate thickness. Dimensions used are: metal technologies appeared unable to meet the demands of thicknesses in micrometers, Co and Ca in pF, La in modern wireless applications and thin film nH, and K2 in percent. Values are for: AT Quartz, C- approaches began to receive some emphasis. axis normal AlN, ZnO, and lithium niobate (LN-C), and 36 deg rotated (LN-36) lithium niobate. This paper will survey the thin film resonator technology. Every effort will be made to provide an Material Tp Tm Co Ca La K2 objective analysis of the technology in relation to applications and competing technologies, and point Quartz 1.175 0.11 3.16 0.022 1136.3 0.86 out obstacles and promises, as known, for further technology advancement to high frequencies. AlN-C 4.66 0.46 3.01 0.171 148.1 6.54 I. Introduction AlN-C 2.76 0.28W 3.0 0.18 139 7.0 Thin film piezoelectric transducers using CdS or ZnO, were first used in microwave delay lines as a AlN-C 3.52 0.34Mo 3.0 0.183 139 7.0 means of generating the high frequency wide LN-C 2.72 0.27 3.11 0.071 355 2.75 bandwidth time delays required by radar signal processing applications [1]. These delay lines LN-36 2.45 0.245 2.56 0.623 40.5 23 required piezoelectric plates bonded to the delay medium (which was often sapphire) for transduction. ZnO-C 2.385 0.24 2.96 0.223 113.8 8.5 For UHF and microwave frequencies, piezoelectric thin films were a viable approach to obtaining high The table illustrates the required plate thicknesses for frequency microwave acoustic transduction signals 1 GHz operation at fundamental mode. The quartz and held that niche application for a considerable plate is thinner because of its inherent lower material time. velocity but mostly because AT is a shear wave cut whereas the other materials listed are longitudinal. Resonators are a difficult problem due to the need for an air or vacuum interface, or equivalent boundary Clearly, growing a thin piezoelectric film avoids the condition to support resonance. Considerable effort need to thin and then support a crystal plate. was, and still is, directed towards techniques to thin However, both approaches require some form of bulk crystal material to the required dimensions for support mechanism for the final resonator in order to high frequency operation. Advances in maintain the required boundary conditions. Crystal microelectronics processing have helped by providing plates offer a wider variety of material properties than lithographic patterning and advanced plasma etching films because almost none of the high performance and ion machining techniques. The following table materials can be in thin film form. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 1 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 In the late 60s surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices began to emerge as a promising technology that, to a great extent, eliminated the need for bulk wave resonators at VHF and UHF and avoided having to solve the formidable manufacturing problems associated with bulk wave resonators. This was not because surface acoustic waves had just been Figure 1. Inverted mesa resonator wherein the discovered, but rather because a simple means of substrate crystal material is machined to form a transduction was invented that converged with thinner resonator region. The approach is significant advances in microelectronics having to do particularly suited to quartz because of its machining with the production of fine metal lines. Today SAW capabilities. devices are a major mainstay of wireless frequency control devices. The experimental results shown in Fig 2 were derived from an inverted mesa resonator blank purchased Also in competition with thin film resonator from XECO [12] and then patterned with electrodes. technology are those devices that derive from dielectric electromagnetic resonators. Advances in The chemical properties of quartz that allow it to be ceramic material science have resulted in very low relatively easily chemically or plasma etched are cost filters for many wireless applications. generally not available in other materials of interest for resonators. Eventually, the need for microwave frequency filters and miniaturization reestablished the need for BAW Shown in Figure 3 is an alternative crystal plate thin film resonators. fabrication and support method [13]. The crystal plate is bonded to a substrate having an appropriate void II. Thin Crystal Plates region for the required air or vacuum resonator interfaces. Once bonded the crystal plate can be The obvious approach to reach higher frequencies thinned to the desired amount while the peripheries of with conventional resonators is to thin plates until the the crystal plate is supported by the substrate. A desired frequency is obtained. AT-cut quartz crystal variation of this approach would be to carry out the plates are commercially available in thickness of less bonding and plate thinning and subsequently open the than 25 micrometers having areas of approximately void or via region. For manufacturing reasons this is 25 mm square. There are practical limits to thinning not a very practical approach but illustrates the large area crystal plates, but perhaps more important lengths that were pursued to obtain thin crystal plates. is the need to support the thin-plate resonator after the fact. III. Thin Film Composite Resonators The inverted mesa, shown in Figure 1, is a Rather than thin down a single crystal plate, it became configuration wherein a thin resonator region is apparent to researchers early on that growing the supported by a much thicker supporting substrate of resonator material to a desired thickness might be a the same material [2]. Chemical etching techniques viable approach [14,16]. However, these ideas have been extensively investigated along with ion occurred well in advance of the materials science and milling to obtain thinner regions[3-11]. Considerable technology necessary to support actual fabrication. effort has been directed towards chemical etching The basic approach shown in Figure 4 will result in a techniques that do not leave a crystal facet roughened resonator having a high mode number and low surface and resonators are commercially available. effective coupling coefficient. Ion machining imparts considerable energy to the surface and can cause undesirable heating. Reactive The composite resonator suffers from low effective plasma etching requires somewhat less energy and coupling coefficient in almost any mode because a can be used to thin quartz plates or adjust resonator significant portion of the energy can be outside the frequency. piezoelectric. At overtones where there is a half wavelength across the piezoelectric efficiency can TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 2 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 improve but the multiple resonance response has limited applicability. Very high Q resonators have PIEZOELECTRIC PLATE been reported in these composite configurations and so have limited applications in low phase noise oscillators [17-18]. 1.0 SUBSTRATE .8 1.5 .6 2 a) .4 3 4 .2 5 .1 .1 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.5 2 3 4 5 0 b) -.1 -5 -.2 -4 -3 -.4 -2 -.6 c) -1.5 -.8 -1.0 Figure 3. Composite resonator formed from plates. a) a) Crystal plate (shaded) and substrate with hole. b) Bonded plate and substrate for thinning, c) Thinned 90.0 resonator supported buy the substrate. 60.0 Piezoelectric Film 30.0 Substrate Phase 0 -30.0 Figure 4. Composite resonator formed by a piezo- electric film transducer deposited onto a support -60.0 substrate. -90.0 272.3500 272.4100 272.4700 272.5300 272.5900 272.6500 IV. Membrane Resonator and Filter Structures Frequency, MHz If the composite resonator of Figure 4 is reduced in b) total thickness to one half acoustic wavelength, the piezoelectric is then a major fraction of the total Figure 2. Response of a 300 MHz quartz inverted thickness, the result is what is called here a membrane mesa resonator. Qs = 18,000, Qp = 27,000, K2 = resonator. The resonator is still composite in the sense 0.057% .Electrodes used were Al on the bottom and that the resonator region is composed of more than Au on top. a) Smith chart, b) phase response showing just the piezoelectric and electrodes. clean resonance. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 3 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 The real breakthrough in composite membrane resonators occurred in the silicon microelectronics industry with the work done on silicon as a mechanical material [19]. Using microelectronics processing techniques it was possible to fabricate thin membrane structures on silicon substrates using a a) wafer-scale manufacturing process that resulted in composite but nevertheless fundamental mode resonators with high effective coupling coefficients necessary for filter synthesis [20-26]. Applying microelectronics processing further resulted in true thin film resonators composed only of the piezoelectric thin film "plate" and electrodes [27]. b) Reactive ion etching was used to remove the silicon membrane support structure to obtain both AlN and Figure 5. Early membrane structures. a) Piezoelectric ZnO fundamental mode resonators. film deposited on a p+ silicon membrane (shaded) or in some cases silicon dioxide films were used for Figure 5 illustrates the basic process using selective support. b) Subsequent removal of the temporary etching on silicon. A layer of p+ doped silicon is support to leave a truly fundamental mode resonator. formed by diffusion followed by chemical etching to form a pocket in the substrate. The typical etches employed were sufficiently anisotropic to leave (111) Piezoelectric crystal faces on the sidewalls and terminated on the Support p+ layer leaving a thin silicon membrane typically less than one micrometer thick. Alternatively, a thick Substrate oxide layer could be used to form the membrane as well. The composite resonator in Figure 4a can be a) converted to a higher coupling coefficient form by removing the support membrane as suggested in Figure 4b. Structures having width to thickness ratios Air Gap of 200/1 have been fabricated in this manner. One drawback of the structure in Figure 5 is the overall mechanical strength of the substrate and the b) substrate area required as a result of the large opening on the bottom of the die. A more suitable approach is illustrated in Figure 6. Here a temporary support is Figure 6. Membrane resonator. a) Temporary formed on a substrate followed by electrodes and support is formed on top of a suitable substrate piezoelectric film deposition [28-30]. After the followed by electrode and piezoelectric layers. b) The support is removed a membrane resonator is left in temporary support is removed leaving a membrane place. The actual process may be somewhat resonator supported at the edges. complicated due to etching compatibility and other factors. A further variation is to form the membrane V. Solidly Mounted Resonator (SMR) of Figure 6 so that the piezoelectric film is planar with the substrate. This will help avoid stress effects A more mechanically rugged resonator structure can at the edge supports. Significant advances in be formed by isolating the resonator from the microelectronics processing allow a range of substrate with a reflector array that is composed of resonator topologies. nominally quarter wavelength thick layers [31-34]. The number of layers depends on the reflection TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 4 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 coefficient required and the mechanical impedance single crystal piezoelectric having properties ratio between the successive layers. If the substrate unavailable in thin film form because of the shear has relatively high impedance then the first layer wave orientation. The resonance characteristics is should be of low impedance the next high impedance shown in Figure 8. etc. A suitable sequence might be SiO2 and AlN or SiO2 and W (tungsten). Because tungsten has The resonance is for the third overtone and both the relatively high mechanical impedance, fewer layers Smith chart and phase responses show fairly clean are required. responses. The bandwidth of the reflector is affected by the .8 1.0 1.5 impedance ratio between layers with the SiO2/W .6 2 sequence having a much wider bandwidth than the SiO2/AlN sequence. The various layers need not have .4 exactly the same materials in the high/low sequence 3 so long as the sequence alternates between high and 4 .2 5 low. .1 Electrode .1 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.5 2 3 4 5 Patterns PIEZOELECTRIC 0 -.1 Z 7 -5 -.2 Z -4 6 Z5 -3 Z4 -.4 Z3 REFLECTOR LAYERS -2 Z -.6 2 -1.5 -.8 -1.0 Z1 SUBSTRATE a) 90.0 Figure 7. Solidly mounted resonator. The resonator is isolated from the substrate by a sequence of 60.0 nominally quarter wavelength thick layers that form a reflector. 30.0 The SMR structure can be extended to single crystal Phase 0 plates. For example, a single crystal plate of lithium niobate (X-cut) was processed in the following -30.0 sequence. First a 0.3 micrometer thick aluminum electrode was patterned on the wafer corresponding to -60.0 the bottom electrode pattern of a resonator. Next a sequence of eight quarter wavelength thick reflector -90.0 650 710 770 830 890 950 layers (1.04 um SiO2, 1.76 um AlN) was deposited Frequency, MHz on the substrate. This wafer was then carefully epoxy bonded to another lithium niobate wafer that would b) eventually act as the final substrate. The exposed side of the first wafer was then thinned to the desired Figure 8. Results for a hybrid SMR composed of thickness of 3 micrometers and finally a top 0.5 single crystal lithium niobate. Fs = 788.9 MHz, Fp = micrometer thick gold electrode was fabricated. The 796.8 MHz Q approx 500. a) Smith chart, b) Phase result was a wafer of SMR resonators composed of response. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 5 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 VI Temperature Compensation Series and parallel capacitance can also be used to tune resonators but always results in a decrease in Temperature compensation of a resonator can be effective coupling coefficient. Series capacitance achieved by inherent material properties, as in quartz increases the series resonant frequency and parallel or similar materials, or through a composite capacitance lowers the parallel resonant frequency. arrangement of positive and negative TC materials designed so that one material's TC offsets another's to give an overall compensation. [35] SiO2 SiO2 Figure 9 shows a general picture of how composite resonators can be formed to achieve a balance of Piezoelectric Piezoelectric temperature performance. In the SMR environment a small fraction of the acoustic energy is stored in the SiO2 SiO2 Resonator topmost layers of the reflector. Consequently the Low Z Low Z resonator TC is automatically partially compensated if the last reflector layer is a positive TC material High Z High Z such as silicon dioxide (+85 ppm per deg C). The normal –25 ppm per deg C of AlN is reduced to –15 ppm in this case. Reflector The process to get compensation is to gradually Figure 9. Conceptual schematic drawing of composite increase the content of positive TC material and reduce the negative material to maintain the same resonators. The positive and negative TC materials frequency. Figure 10 shows experimental results for a can be distributed in a number of ways. It is only nominal 2 GHz resonator. Similar resonators have necessary that the piezoelectric be between the been made out to 12 GHz. A large number of narrow electrodes. bandwidth ladder filters are in production using TC composite resonators to both narrow the bandwidth 200 and provide the necessary degree of compensation. 180 160 VII Resonator Tuning 140 120 Parallel Inductor tuning can be used to enhance the properties 100 80 Df/fa, ppm of a crystal resonator. A series inductor can be used to 60 Series lower the series resonant frequency and thereby 40 20 increase the inherent bandwidth of the resonator. 0 Figure 11 shows the phase and Figure 12 the Q of a -20 -40 resonator with series inductor. The inductor reactance -60 is scaled in steps of 0.1 times the reactance of Co and -80 Quartz the inductor was assumed to have a Q of 20. It is -100 -120 apparent that as more inductance is applied the series -140 resonant frequency decreases and the Q drops -160 -180 markedly. Parallel resonance properties do not change -200 in this case. -100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 The use of inductors in series and/or paralle l with Temperature, deg. C resonators can be used in oscillator and filter applications. Parallel inductance can be used to Figure 10. Measured results for a composite partially resonate Co to leave a single RLC branch for the compensated resonator having AlN for the resonator equivalent circuit hear series resonance. piezoelectric and SiO2 for the compensating material. Filter applications of inductance will be described later. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 6 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 90 Ladder Filter Lattice Filter 75 60 45 30 15 Phase 0 -15 a) b) -30 -45 Stacked Crystal Filter Coupled Resonator Filter -60 Piezoelectric Piezoelectric 2100.000 -75 -90 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 Coupling Layers Frequency, MHz Ground Plane Electrodes Figure 11 Calculated phase response of crystal c) d) resonator having series inductance. The family of curves is for inductive reactance steps of 0.1 times the Figure 13. Filter configurations. a) Ladder filter capacitive reactance of Co. The leftmost plot is for a having series and shunt resonators, b) Balanced scaled inductive reactance value of 0.7 referenced to lattice, c) Stacked crystal filter (SCF), and d) coupled the original series resonant frequency. resonator filter. 1000 Ladder filters are made with resonators having 800 different frequencies as required to synthesize the passband response [36-41]. The simplest filter has all 600 the series resonators at the same frequency and the 400 shunt resonators at a lower frequency so that the 200 parallel resonance of the shunt resonator is at 0 approximately the series resonant frequency of the Q -200 series resonators. The out-of-band rejection of such a filter is controlled by the capacitive voltage divider -400 nature of the ladder circuit when the resonators are -600 operating as simple capacitors. 2100.000 -800 -1000 Figure 14 shows a typical response for a set of ladder 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 Frequency, MHz filters. The filters with the greatest out-of-band rejection consist of five series resonators and four shunt resonators (5-4 configuration) whereas the Figure 12. Calculated phase slope response of crystal filters shown having only 20 dB of ultimate rejection resonator having series inductance. The family of -3 are in the 2 configuration. The narrow bandwidth curves is for inductive reactance steps of 0.1 times the filter was made with temperature compensated capacitive reactance of Co. The peak values of phase resonators. slope correspond to the resonance Q. The series inductor Q was 20, representative of an IC inductor. Ladder filters having up to 65 dB of ultimate rejection have been made using either more sections (6-5) or VIII. Filters with a larger ratio of shunt resonator to series resonator capacitance, Figure 15. Filters can be in two basic configurations as suggested in Figure 13. Electrically connected resonators form ladder, lattice, or other similar circuits. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 7 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 0 IL = 1.4 dB IL = 2.5 dB BW = 38 MHz BW = 33 MHz -10 IL = 3.7 dB BW = 18 MHz -20 -30 S21,dB -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Frequency, MHz Figure 14. Typical ladder filters. There is an apparent tradeoff between in-band bandwidth and Figure 16. Filter response having enhanced hear-in insertion loss and out-of-band rejection. rejection through inductor tuning. The experimental curve is with tuning, the smoother theoretical curve is a simulation of the filter without tuning. The network used in the tuning is shown in Figure 17a where inductors are in each shunt resonator branch. A similar effect can occur if there is a common mode inductance from the filter package to actual circuit ground, Figure 17b. The imperfect grounding of the filter can result in tuning effects, deliberate or otherwise. Figure 15. Ladder filter having high ultimate rejection. a) Ladder filters can be made over a wide frequency range as required by systems applications. Filters are in production for us in IFs as high as 3.5 GHz and as low as 400 MHz. Inductors can be used to tune filters in a manner other than simply increasing the resonator bandwidth. Figure 16 shows an experimental filter response b) wherein inductance was used to increase the near in rejection around filter center frequency. When the Figure 17. Tuning networks for ladder filters. a) Each filter is off resonance, the shunt resonators are just shunt resonator is tuned. b) All shunt resonators have capacitors and can be incorporated into an LC series a common inductance, such as from die to ground in resonant circuit to enhance filter rejection. a package. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 8 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 IX Acoustically Coupled Resonator Filters. components, primarily inductors as described earlier, have been used historically to increase effective One of the primary thickness mode acoustically resonator coupling coefficient and to synthesize wider coupled resonators is the Stacked Crystal Filter bandwidth filters at the expense of circuit size and (SCF). The SCF is composed of multi-layers of simplicity. Variations in acoustic coupling techniques piezoelectric and metal layers, as shown in Fig. 18a can also be used to increase filter bandwidth but [42-45]. ultimately the piezoelectric coupling coefficient is the The response of the SCF is improved by fabricating in limiting factor. the Solidly Mounted Resonator (SMR) format on a limited bandwidth reflector array. The experimental The limited bandwidth inherent to the SCF response for a two-pole GPS filter is shown in Figure configuration can be overcome by reducing the 19. Similar filters have been made out to 12 GHz coupling between the vertically disposed resonators in [46]. such a way that they begin to act as independent resonators rather than as a single over-moded resonator. The resulting configuration is called a SCF CRF Coupled Resonator Filter (CRF), Figure 18b, to distinguish it from the SCF, [47]. Piezoelectric Piezoelectric Piezoelectric Coupling Layers Piezoelectric IL = 1.3 dB Isolation BW = 24 MHz Reflectors Isolation Cross Over Reflectors Electrodes Cross Over Substrate Electrodes Substrate Package Size 1.5 x 3.0 x 1.0 mm a) b) Figure 18 .Acoustically coupled resonator filters. a) A two section SCF composed of two single section SCFs electrically connected in series. A vertical pair of resonators acts as a one-pole filter, two in series, as shown, act as a two-pole filter. b) A Coupled Resonator Filter (CRF) similar to a) except that top and bottom resonators have reduced mechanical coupling. Here the vertically disposed resonators are acoustically coupled by one or more layers having limited transmission response. The overall result is a two pole response for each section and a four pole response for the pair shown. The most fundamental limitation in achieving wide bandwidth and low insertion loss with piezoelectric devices has been the effective coupling coefficient of the native material. For thin film BAW devices there is unfortunately a limited set of materials available Figure 19. Experimental response of a two section and the corresponding effective coupling coefficient SCF showing a high level of spurious response of a simple resonator is often not adequate for straight rejection at the cell phone transmit frequencies. The forward filter synthesis. Accordingly, external circuit active area of the die is approximately 0.35 x 0.7 micrometers. Results are shown for a larger package. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 9 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 In the CRF the acoustical coupling between resonators is used to control filter bandwidth. A convenient coupler uses a sequence of nominal quarter wavelength thick layers whose transmission response is designed to allow optimum resonator coupling. Electrical interconnection of filter sections provides a way of increasing the multi-pole response and, for an even number of poles, allows the I/O electrodes to IL = 2.8 dB appear near or at the top of the structure for ease of BW = 67 MHz fabrication. In the CRF, the cross-over electrodes for the bottom resonators are independent of the I/O electrodes, in contrast to the SCF wherein the ground electrode is shared. Having independent electrodes for the top resonators, in the CRF, allows the common a) I/O electrode to be split into two independent electrodes. When the I/O resonators are electrically isolated, except for stray capacitance, the filter can be operated in a full balanced mode or as a balanced to 550 um un-balanced transition. (20 mil) Shown in Fig. 20 is the measured response of a CRF 750 um designed for the 1960 MHz cellular phone band. The (30 mil) 3 dB bandwidth of the filter is approximately 67 MHz, as designed for that particular application. The 1 dB bandwidth is wider than the 60 MHz channel and the passband flatness should be suitable for CDMA type applications. No inductors are used in this device and consequently the filter die is small. b) An important factor in applications is cost. The filter Figure 20. Experimental results for a four-pole in Figure 20 has a die size approximately as shown, coupled resonator filter (CRF) using AlN as the with the active resonators effectively 200 um x 200 piezoelectric. The 3 dB bandwidth is 3.6%. um in area. With some die overhead for I/O and other considerations the die size can be as small as 0.5 mm X. Other Filter Options. x 0.75 mm. In wafer scale manufacturing, this amounts to approximately 80,000 die per wafer and The issues in selecting resonator and filter options around 50,000 die for 63% yield. With sustained generally reduce to: 1) cost, 2) performance, and 3) wafer through put this should result in low cost filters. size. The priorities of these three is highly system and market dependent. The largest segment of the Figure 21 shows the results for an experimental 4- wireless market is the cell phone. Here cost is pole CRF. The resonators use W/Al electrodes to paramount but the other issues are also important. The enhance bandwidth and reduce device size. A degree shift to wider bandwidth signals has lead to the need of plate waves and other non-ideal responses are for wide bandwidth filters in critical applications, shown. A more optimized resonator design should such as the hand-set duplexer circuits. lead to more satisfactory results. The duplexer circuit has moved from large dielectric filters to SAWs and, more recently, to BAWs. Major advances in SAW filters has allowed this technology to remain competitive [50]. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 10 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 0 processes that are close to conventional IC processing -10 will be low cost. -20 At low frequencies, below 2 GHz, SAW devices seem -30 to offer a significant cost advantage. Beyond 2 GHz S21, dB -40 the cost of SAW production increases rapidly due to -50 lithography constraints. For BAW the instant cost of manufacturing goes approximately as the inverse -60 cube of frequency. First, the die area drops as the -70 inverse square of frequency (for a given impedance level) and so there are more die per wafer. In wafer -80 350 370 390 410 430 450 scale manufacturing costs are mostly on a cost per Frequency, MHz wafer basis. Second, at higher frequencies, all the a) BAW films are thinner and so the critical film growth 0 steps are shorter which in turn allows more wafers to run in a unit of time. Accordingly, in that simple -10 picture the number of die produced in a unit of time -20 goes inversely as frequency cubed. -30 At around 5 GHz the BAW die size is rapidly S21, dB -40 diminishing and other costs, such as handling and -50 packaging may limit the cost savings of high frequency. For example, the CRF of Figure 20 -60 reduces to a die size of about 0.25 mm square but the -70 saw kerf itself will be about 25 micrometers wide. An -80 expected yield might be 300,000 die per wafer. 0 2000 4000 6000 Frequency, MHz 8000 10000 Assuming a market of 200M devices per year, that assumed yield amounts to less than 700 wafer runs. b) That small number of wafers might not be constitute "wafer scale manufacturing" for an IC facility. Figure 21. Experimental results for a 400 MHz coupled resonator filter. The filter is in a 1015 Packaging is a major consideration in filter package. manufacturing. Current SAW packages are considered too large to effectively package some of With comparable performance and size, the major the smaller BAW devices, such as discussed above. issue with SAW and BAW is manufacturing cost. In Because of the need for protection of the active SAW, high resolution lithography and expensive resonator surface, some kind of wafer scale packaging substrate materials are required, but the actual might be advantageous, but the critical processing manufacturing process is a single lithography and should allow for as small die as possible if wafer generally just a single metal deposition. scale cost effects are to be effective. For BAW devices, three or more layers of materials Packaging will be a significant cost driver. Currently, must be deposited with a high degree of precision and BAW production devices use SAW or other custom control. Since lateral resolution is not critical, packages. Packaging is a major issue that will have to lithography is inexpensive. With processing on silicon be addressed. Figure 22 shows the size considerations wafers, BAW devices offer most of the wafer scale for BAW resonator and filter packaging. processing advantages associated with IC manufacturing. It is probably safe to assume that The example die size for a 5 GHz CRF suggest that BAW production will move from 100 mm diameter the filter might better be integrated right onto the IC silicon wafers to 200 mm and maybe beyond. Those chip. The active acoustic area of a 5 GHz CRF is only TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 11 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 75 um x 75 um and with I/O overhead the size would XI. Summary be about 100 um square, the size of a bonding pad. Clearly the push will be for on chip integration if the This paper has presented an overview of the thin film device performance is enhanced and the processing is resonator technology. Efforts to reach the high compatible. Here BAW devices will excel because frequencies demanded by bandwidth hungry evolving the manufacturing processes are mostly compatible wireless systems has caused a rapid development of with ICs. filter technology. Piezoelectric resonators have limitations on bandwidth due to the limited strength of the piezoelectric coupling. High coupling KYOCERA 2.5 x 2 mm SAW PACKAGE coefficient materials either are not suited for microwave frequencies or have other drawbacks such as relatively poor temperature stability or low Q. Three forms of BAW device were described, high 1.2 mm frequency crystal plates, and two forms of thin film piezoelectric resonator. Results were shown for conventional and new classes of BAW filters. The mainline production is in ladder filters but stacked crystal and coupled resonator filters show considerable promise for high volume wireless applications. 1.7 mm 0.5 x 0.5mm Costs of manufacturing is a major issue that is a moving target strongly tied to the advances and implementation of wafer scale manufacturing as practiced by the integrated circuit industry. Max Size Die 0603 Package 1.5 x 1 mm 1.5 x 0.75 mm References. (Die 0.5 x 1 mm) [1] R. Weigel, D.P. Morgan, J.M. Owens, A. Ballato, K.M. Lakin, K. Hashimoto, and C.C. Ruppel, Figure 22. Package considerations for BAW devices. "Microwave Acoustic Materials, Devices, and The 2 mm x 2.5 mm SAW package is substantially too Applications", IEEE Trans. MTT, Vol. 50, No. 3, large for many BAW devices above 2 GHz. Packages March 2002, pp 738-749 or techniques for much smaller die are required, with many BAW device die much less than 0.5 mm x 0.5 [2] G.K. Guttwein, A.D. Ballato, and T.J. Lukaszek, mm. "VHF-UHF Piezoelectric Resonators", U.S. Patent 3,694,677 Dielectric filters are still finding applications, particularly at the higher frequencies which SAW [3] W.P. Hanson, "Chemically Polished High cannot economically reach. High frequency Frequency Resonators", , Proc. 37 th Ann. Freq. applications or those requiring fractional bandwidths Contr. Symp., 1983, pp. 261-264. beyond about 5% will probably have to use dielectric [4] J.R. Hunt and R.C. Smythe, "Chemically Milled resonator based approaches. In high volume low VHF and UHF AT-Cut Resonators", Proc. 39 th Ann. performance applications at 2.4 and 5.7 GHz the Freq. Contr. Symp., 1985, pp. 292-300. ceramic based dielectric resonator filters are extremely cost competitive and their large size is not [5] A. Lepek and U. Maishar, "A New Design for always a serious drawback. Simple two-pole filters High Frequency Bulk Resonators", Proc. 43 rd are often more than adequate for many wireless LAN Annual Frequency Control Symposium, Denver, CO, systems. pp. 544-547, May 31-June 2, 1989. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 12 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 [6] M. Berte, "Acoustic -Bulk-Wave Resonators and [18] E.S. Ferre-Pikal, M.C. Delgando Aramburo, F.L. Filters Operating in the Fundamental Mode At Walls, and K.M. Lakin. "1/f Frequency Noise of 2 Frequencies Greater Than 100 MHz", Electronic GHz High-Q Over-Moded Sapphire Resonators", Letters, Vol. 13, No. 9, pp. 248-250, Apr. 28, 1977 Proc. 2000 IEEE/EIA Int. Freq. Control Symp. and Exhibition, pp 536-540 [7] F.M. Stern, J. Dowsett, D.J. Carter, and R.J. Williamson, "The Fabrication of High Frequency [19] K.E. Petersen, "Silicon as a Mechanical Fundamental Crystals By Plasma Etching", Proc. 43 Material", IEEE Proc. , Vol. 70, No. 5, May 1982, pp. rd Ann. Freq. Contr. Symp., (AFCS), 1989, pp. 634- 420-457 (Also see references contained therein) 639. [20] 2. T.W. Grudkowski, J.F. Black, T.M. Reeder, [8] J. S. Wang, S.K. Watson, and K.F. Lau, "Reactive D.E. Cullen, and R.A. Wagner, "Fundamental Mode Ion Beam Etching for VHF Crystal Resonators, Proc. UHF/VHF Miniature Resonators and Filters", 34 th Ann. Freq. Contr. Symp., (AFCS), 1984, pp. Applied Physics Ltrs., Vol. 39, no. 11, Nov. 1980, pp. 101-104. 993-995. [9] J. Brauge, M. Fragneau, and JP. Aubry, [21] K.M. Lakin and J.S. Wang, "Acoustic Bulk "Monolithic Crystal Filters Fabricated by Chemical Wave Composite Resonators", Applied Physics Ltrs, Milling", Proc. 39 th Freq. Cont. Symp., pp. 504-513. Vol. 39, no. 3, Feb. 1981, pp. 125-128. [10] O. Ishii, T. Morita, T. Saito, and Y. Nakazawa, [22] K. Nakamura, H. Sasaki, and H. Shimizu, "High Frequency Fundamental Resonators and Filters "ZnO/SiO2-Diaphragm Composite Resonator On A Fabricated by Batch Process Using Chemical Silicon Wafer", Elect. Ltrs. 9 July 1981, Vol. 17, No. Etching", Proc 1995 IEEE Freq. Cont. Symp, pp 818- 14. pp. 507-509. 826. [23] M. Kitayama, T. Fukuichi, T. Shiosaki, and A. [11] K. M. Lakin, G.R. Kline, and K.T. McCarron, Kawabata,"VHF/UHF Composite Resonator on a "Self Limiting Of Piezoelectric Crystals", Proc 1995 Silicon Substrate", J. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 22 (1983) IEEE Int. Freq. Cont. Symp, pp. 827-831 Suppl. 22-3, pp. 139-141 [12] XECO, 1651 Bulldog, Cedar City, UT 84720 [24] K. Nakamura, Y. Ohashi and H. Shimizu, "UHF Bulk Acoustic Wave Filters Utilizing Thin ZnO/SiO 2 [13] G. Coussot and E. Dieulesaint, "Method of Diaphragms on Silicon", J. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 25, Manufacturing An Electromechanical System Having No. 3, 1986, pp. 371-375 A High Frequency Resonance", U.S. Patent 3,924,312 [25] C. Vale, J. Rosenbaum, S. Horwitz, S [14] D.R. Curran "Composite Resonator", US Patent Krishnaswamy, and R. Moore, "FBAR Filters at GHz 3,401,275 Frequencies", 45 th. Annual Symp. of Freq. Cont. Proc., 1991, pp. 332-336. [15] T.R. Sliker and D.A. Roberts, "A thin-film CdS- quartz composite Resonator", J. App. Phys., 1967, 38, [26] Q.X. Su, P/B. Kirby, E. Komuro, and R.W. pp. 2350-2358 Whatmore, "Edge Supported ZnO Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators and Filter Design", Proc. [16] S.M. Zalar, "Thin Film Piezoelectric Resonator", 2000 IEEE/EIA Int. Freq. Control Symp. and U.S. Patent 3,486,046 Exhibition, pp 434-440 [27] K.M. Lakin, J.S. Wang, G.R. Kline, A.R. [17] 23. K.M. Lakin, G.R. Kline and K.T. McCarron, Landin, and J.D. Hunt, "Thin Film Resonators and "High Q Microwave Acoustic Resonators and Filters," Proc. 1982 Ultrasonics Symp, Oct. 27-29, Filters", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. Vol. 1982, vol. 1, p. 466. 41 no. 12, Dec. 1993, pp. 2139-2146. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 13 IEEE 2003 FCS-EFTF Paper We1A-4 (Invited) May 5-8, 2003 [28] H. Satoh, Y. Ebata, H. Suzuki, and C. Narahara, [39] D. Feld, K. Wang, Pl Bradley, A. Barfknecht, B. "An Air Gap Type Piezoelectric Composite Ly, and R. Ruby, "Full-Band TX Filter Employing Resonator", 39th Annual Symposium on Frequency Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR) Control Proc., 1985, pp. 361-366. Technology For PCS Handsets" Proc. 2002 IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. Paper 3D-1 [29] C.W. Seabury, J.T. Cheung, P.H. Korbin, R. Addison, "High Performance Microwave Air-Bridge [40] C. Vale, J. Rosenbaum, S. Horwitz, S Resonators", 1995 Ultrasonics Symp, Proc p.909-911 Krishnaswamy, and R. Moore, "FBAR Filters at GHz Frequencies", 45 th. Annual Symp. of Freq. Cont. [30] R. Lanz, P. Carazzetti, and P. Muralt, "Surface Proc., 1991, pp. 332-336. Micromachined BAW Resonators Based on ALN", Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. Paper P21-4 [41] H.P. Loebl, C. Metzmacher, D. Peligrad, R. Mauczok, W. Brand, R.F. Milsom, P. Lok, and V. [31] 18. W.E. Newell, "Face-Mounted Piezoelectric VanStraten, "Solidly Mounted Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators", Proc. IEEE, Vol. 53, June 1965, pp. Filters For The GHz Frequency Range", Proc. 2002 575-581. IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. Paper 3D-2 [32] K.M. Lakin, K.T. McCarron, and R.E. Rose [42] A. Ballato and T. Lukasek, "A Novel Frequency "Solidly Mounted Resonators and Filters", 1995 Selective Device: The Stacked Crystal Filter", Proc. Ultrasonics Symp. Proc. pp. 905-908 27th Annual Freq. Control Symp., June 1973, pp. 262- 269 [33] M. Dubois, P. Muralt, H. Matsumoto, V. Plessky, and S. Kondratiev, "BAW Resonator Based [43] K. M. Lakin, "Equivalent Circuit Modeling of on Aluminum Nitride Thin Films", 1999 Ultrasonics Stacked Crystal Filters", Proc. 35th Annual Freq. Symposium Proc. pp. 907-910. Control Symp., 1981, pp. 257-262 [34] R. Aigner, J. Ella, H.J. Timme, L. Elbrecht, W. [44] R.B. Stokes and J.D. Crawford, "X-Band Thin Nessler, and S. Marksteiner, "Advancement of Film Acoustic Filters on GaAs", IEEE Trans. MEMS into RF-Filter Applications", Proc. 2002 Microwave Theory Tech. Vol. 41 no. 6/7, Dec. 1993, IEDM Symp. pp. 1075-1080 [35] K.M. Lakin, K.T. McCarron, J.F. McDonald, and [45] K.M. Lakin, J. Belsick, J. P. McDonald, and K.T. J. Belsick, "Temperature Coefficient and Ageing of McCarron, "High Performance Stacked Crystal BAW Composite Materials", 2001 Frequency Control Filters for GPS and Wide Bandwidth Applications", Symp. Proc. pp. 605-608 2001 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp. Proc., pp. 833-838 [36] K.M. Lakin, G.R. Kline and K.T. McCarron, [46] K.M. Lakin, J.R. Belsick, J.P. McDonald, K.T. "Development of Miniature Filters for Wireless McCarron, and C.W. Andrus, " Bulk Acoustic Wave Applications" IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. Resonators And Filters For Applications Above 2 Vol. 43, no. 12, Dec. 1995, pp. 2933-2939. GHz", 2002 IEEE MTT-S Digest, Vol. 3, pp. 1487- 1490 [37] K.M. Lakin, K.T. McCarron, J. Belsick, and R. Rose. "Filter Banks Implemented With Integrated [47] K.M. Lakin, "Coupled Resonator Filters", Proc. Thin Film Resonators". Paper 3H-1 2000 IEEE Int. 2002 IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. Paper 3D-5 Ultrasonics Symposium [48] J. Tsutsumi, S. Inoue, Y. Iwamoto, T. Matsuda, [38] R. Ruby, P. Bradley, J.D. Larson III and Y. M. Miura, Y. Satoh, O. Ikata, "Extremely Low-Loss Oshmyansky, "PCS 1900 MHz duplexer using thin SAW Filters and its Applications to Antenna film bulk acoustic resonator (FBARS)", Elect. Ltrs. Duplexer for the 1.9 GHz PCS Full-Band.", 2003 13 May 1999, Vol. 35 No.10. IEEE Int. Freq. Cont. Symp. TFR Technologies, Inc. 5/26/2003 14
Pages to are hidden for
"Thin Film Resonator Technology"Please download to view full document


text:
Book your room at ITC Hotel
Double RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
Basic Single Room, 1 Single Bed, Shared BathroomMax Occupancy: 1 guest
Single Room, 1 Single BedMax Occupancy: 1 guest
Standard Room, 2 Single BedsMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
Standard Triple Room, 3 Single BedsMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children)
Basic Room, 1 Double Bed, Shared BathroomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
Standard Quadruple RoomMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Hotel in Amsterdam (Canal Ring) near Skinny Bridge
This hotel is located in Amsterdam (Canal Ring), close to De Duif, Skinny Bridge, and Rembrandt Square. Also nearby are Stopera and Flower Market.
Hotel Features
ITC Hotel provides a bar/lounge, complimentary wireless Internet access, multilingual staff, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby.
Room Amenities
Televisions come with satellite channels. Guestrooms also feature complimentary wireless Internet access, safes, and phones.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
ITC Hotel features multilingual staff, complimentary newspapers in the lobby, and a television in the lobby. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink.
- Bar/lounge
- Free WiFi
- Total number of rooms - 20
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Television in lobby
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Room Amenities
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Satellite TV service
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 8 AM and noon.
Nearby Activities
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Bicycle rentals nearby
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Special cancellation policies or charges may apply for group reservations (more than 8 rooms for the same hotel / stay dates).
- A 5 percent city/local tax will be charged
- Fee for buffet breakfast: EUR 7.50 per person (approximately)
- Onsite credit card charges are subject to a surcharge
National Rating
This hotel has received its official star rating from the Netherlands Tourist Board.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This is the root of the common Lisp Directory. The whole tree of tags starts here.
If you are new to the Common Lisp Directory, you should probably first have a look at the "By topic" link below or at the "Tags" and "Index" links above.
The items lists (Libraries, documents, events, etc.) are limited to about 20 items randomly taken from the whole lists. Click on the titles or the "View all (n more)" links to see the full lists of items with their descriptions.
The CLD is written in Common Lisp.
By Topic (681 items) Resources for Common Lisp sorted by topic
Frequently Asked Questions (8 items) The Common Lisp Directory FAQ
Information (189 items) Various sources for information
Software (621 items)
By Support (93 items) Resources sorted by kind of support (books, web-sites, etc...)
People, Groups and Organizations (330 items) Humans related to Common Lisp
Programming Languages (162 items)
Standards and Specifications (57 items)
By Operating System (454 items) Resourses sorted by Operating System
By License (588 items) Resources sorted by their license
Human Languages (27 items)
By location (172 items)
Other resources (3 items) Resources that are not already in the other tags
Lisp Jobs (2 items) Lisp Jobs opportunities
Zebu | RestorDoc | ST-JSON | REGEX/CLAWK/LEXER Packages | trivial-ldap | CL-Canvas | cl-audioscrobbler | Blowfish | ASDF-Binary-Locations | CL-PREVALENCE | dso-lex | Lispy | ODD-STREAMS | Pantzer | org-davep-dictrepl | getopt | Abstract classes | css-lite | Osicat | cgn | cl-geonames | CL-EARLEY-PARSER | cl-libtai | CL-Graph | CL-PPCRE | conmc | fare-csv | Lisp Blosxom | dso-parse | de.setf.utility | Polygonizer | cl-flash | cl-famix | Gigamonkeys Markup | Torta
View all (634 more)...
Meme | Berkeley SICP Lectures | Common Lisp Wikibook | Hacking CL into a Lisp-1 (an intro to code-walking... | "A Survey of Current CLOS MOP Implementations" | VBECL | Lisp Programming Style | CDR Blog | Literate Programming in Lisp | LispWire News | MIT's SICP Open Courseware | The Idiot's Guide to Special Variables and Lexical... | Software Bits | The Evolution of Lisp | Calendrical Calculations, II: Three Historical Cal... | Enabling "foreign" callbacks into the LispWorks ID... | Dynamic Learning Center | Lisp Propulsion Laboratory log | Lisp Style and Efficiency | Episode 1: HTTP Client and Server
View all (167 more)...
Dwight Holman | Peter Eddy | Philippe Brochard | Erik Enge | Espen Vestre | Jeff Shrager | Dave Watson | William Bland | Nicolas Neuss | Scott Williams | Kenneth Dickey | Arthur Lemmens | Cyrus Harmon | Sergio Garcia | Francis Leboutte | Jonathan Amsterdam | Timofei Shatrov | Alexander Repenning | Dan Bensen | Robert Wilensky | Donald B. Percival | Lennart Staflin | Alan Shields | pinterface | Theo D'Hondt | Kevin Rosenberg | Roger Corman | Mark Probst | Jörg Höhle | Fred Gilham
View all (281 more)...
International Lisp Conference 2009 | European Common Lisp Meeting 2008 | International Lisp Conference 2007 | 3rd European Lisp Workshop | LispNYC May 2006 Meeting - Peter Seibel | European Common Lisp Meeting 2006 | LispNYC November 2005 meeting | 2nd European LISP and Scheme Workshop | International Lisp Conference 2005 | European Common Lisp Meeting 2005 | 1st European Lisp and Scheme Workshop | International Lisp Conference 2003 | Japan Lisp User Group Meeting 2000
CMUCL | Liquid Common Lisp | Steel Bank Studio | Generic ANSI Common Lisp | CLForJava | Sacla | :o( Smilisp :-) | MCL | WCL | Allegro Common Lisp | GCL | Star Sapphire Common Lisp | Armed Bear Common Lisp | Emacs Common Lisp (NaCL) | Scieneer Common Lisp | Parrot Common Lisp | Steel Bank Common Lisp | MusCL | OpenMCL | Golden Common Lisp
View all (8 more)...
Association of Lisp Users | Franz Inc. | Department of Computer Science and Engineering, FE... | Debian | Common-Lisp.biz | Lisp-it | Gothenburg Lisp User Group | HyperMeta Inc. | HPC Platform | LiLA - LISP LAB AUSTRIA | Consequor Consulting AG | The Tech Co-op | lispvan | bese | Ravenbrook | LispNYC | Core Group | Albuquerque Lisp and Scheme Users | SISCOG - Sistemas Cognitivos Lta | Ystok-Systema
View all (9 more)...
YstokCard - smart card API (PC/SC)(Modified)| YstokGrid(Modified)| CL-Typesetting(Modified)| CL-PDF(Modified)| Jean-Philippe Paradis(Added)| Armed Bear Common Lisp(Annotated)| Allegro Common Lisp(Modified)| CLFSWM - A(nother) Common Lisp FullScreen Window M...(Modified)| Ystok-URI - library for representing, parsing, and...(Added)| Clon, the Command-Line Options Nuker(Modified)| Common Lisp Reasoner(Modified)| ASDlite(Modified)| Ystok-Library(Modified)| Ystok-Local-Time(Modified)| YHTML-Template(Modified)| cl-gdata(Added)| Michael Filonenko(Added)| cl-portaudio(Added)| YstokHTML - collection of HTML generator, parser a...(Added)| Common Lisp User Space File System(Added)| cl-btree(Added)
View all last modified items...
(Notes are similar to comments but for adding precisions or facts)
You must be logged to add a note
You must be logged to add a comment
Comments and Notes Welcome
You can comment and/or add notes to all the tags and items of the Common Lisp Directory.
Submitted by admin 3392 days 1 hour 57 min ago
Comments added to RSS feeds
Now the commented items are added to the RSS feeds so that it's possible to see what have been commented recently.
Submitted by marc.battyani 3332 days 5 hours 47 min ago
unicode possibilities
It would be nice if cl-user would display unicode input for CJK text. With PCL and On Lisp getting new printings in Japan, it might be beneficial to attract more brain-share from that side of the world. Would this be considered out of cl-user.net's scope?
Submitted by charliemac 2427 days 23 hours 32 min ago
Perhaps it would be interesting to open up a "universities" category (or subcategory of Organization) to list universities that teach lisp?
Submitted by informatimago 2420 days 14 hours 49 min ago
re: universities
This is a good idea. Done.
Submitted by marc.battyani 2417 days 19 hours 3 min ago
re: unicode possibilities
I have to think about it.
The use of English as the standard language is prefered so that the information is useable by most lispers.
I don't mind some other language content though.
Submitted by marc.battyani 2417 days 18 hours 35 min ago
Change descriptions may accept invalid characters
Attempting to view the "Last Modified Items" RSS feed in the Google Chrome browser gives the error: "error on line 10 at column 2048: PCDATA invalid Char value 12". Adding the feed in Mozilla Thunderbird: "<feed URL> is not a valid feed."
Submitted by WalterGR 1545 days 1 hour 33 min ago
Repository access
Many sites have a link to view the repository such as:
Source code repository http://common-lisp.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/?cvsroot=cl-semantic
however, I can't find any place that describes how to convert that link into something that can be used to actually check out the source code. I'm very suppressed this hasn't been an issue before.
Submitted by blake1024 1179 days 14 hours 14 min ago


text:
Showing 1-24 of 84 items found in Events
- Sort by:
Windmill City Festival
The Windmill City Festival has long been a staple of the community and has become a tradition for many families. Come participate in the festivities that every family member is sure to enjoy. Hours: Thurs. at 6 p.m., Fri. at 12 p.m., Sat. at 8 a.m., and Sun. at 11 a.m.
Official Blues Brothers Revue
There have been many imitators, but there is only one duo in North America sanctioned by Dan Aykroyd and Judith Belushi to don the official hat and sunglasses and walk in the legendary footsteps of Jake and Elwood Blues. Discovered in Las Vegas, performers Wayne Catania and Kieron Lafferty capture the infectious humor and unbridled spirit of the Blues Brothers like no one since John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd walked the stage. Backed by a powerhouse band, they'll give you a show to remember, packed with classic hits from the Blues Brothers catalog, including Soul Man, Rubber Biscuit, Sweet Home Chicago, and more. For a night of laughter, dancing, and foot-stompin' fun, get your tickets for the Official Blues Brothers Revue today at Fermilab's Ramsey Auditorium.
Little Hershey Swap Meet and Car Show
Join the 50th Anniversary of this annual swap meet and car show held at the Boone County Fairgrounds, both inside and outside displays of all makes and models of cars from the Model T, street machines and present-day models.
The Underpants
Play set in Dusseldorf, Germany on 1910, Louis Maske inadvertnetly drops her ill-fitting drawers in the middle of town square during a parade to honor the king.
The Chicago Rat Pack "One Swingin' Night"
Egyptian Theatre - DeKalb, IL. For over 18 years, the unforgettable trio (Frank, Sammy and Dean) excited audiences nightly at the Copa Room and the Sands Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. These wonderful performances have been recreated with remarkable accuracy. Critics all proclaim "One Swinging Night" as being as close as any person could come to experiencing the original Rat Pack. With so much talent on stage together, these wild wonderful performers would set the standard tone for all those who came to Vegas throughout the Swinging 60's. How could these performances be anything less than historical? The Chicago Rat Pack's show, "One Swinging Night" is perhaps one of the few special productions that shall become as timeless as the actual counterparts (Sammy, Frank and Dean). This fantastic show transports its audiences to a time when life was a lot less complicated. "One Swinging Night" is a brilliant reenactment of the "Summit." This was the period at which all three of the magnificent super-stars were at the prime of their wonderful careers. At times, these three actors seem to transcend reality by totally becoming the characters they portray. Along with this and the fact that each member of this cast is very talented in his own right makes "One Swinging Night" a show that must be seen!
Billy Riggs at the Egyptian Theatre
Billy Riggs, Master of Enchantment, Entertainment and Empowerment is coming to the Egyptian Theatre. A man who has performed in 50 states and in front of audiences with over 20,000 people is coming to DeKalb to bring you "Grand Illusions, Grander Realities". Billy will perform illusions, use humor and inspire you for a fun filled evening. A portion of the proceeds from this show will be used to assist charities in DeKalb County, including Hope Haven, Feed My Starving Children / Make a Difference DKC and Network of Nations. Come join us for a night out for all ages! Presented by: Hillcrest Covenant Church. http://egyptiantheatre.org/
Egyptian Theatre Flashlight Tour
**NEW for 2015** Join Egyptian Theatre staff as they provide a tour of the historic Egyptian Theatre using just your flashlights. Guests will be treated to a behind the scenes backstage tour which will highlight the haunted history of the theatre. This is the tour that reveals all the secrets and lets you go places the public has never seen. Don't forget to bring your camera! You never know what you might capture in your pictures. Tickets are $20 for adults and $15 for students & seniors. Guests must bring a flashlight for the tour. Minors must be accompanied by an adult. This evening tour will last approximately 2 hours and the tickets are limited, so don't wait! http://egyptiantheatre.org/
ISL State Championships
The Illinois Stepping League presents the 2014-2015 State Championships. The best youth step teams in Illinois will compete for the title of State Champions in the U-12 (elementary), U-14 (middle/junior high school), and U-19 (high school) divisions. http://egyptiantheatre.org/
Kennel Club of Yorkville Dog Show
The Kennel Club of Yorkville Dog Show will be held April 4th and 5th at the NIU Convocation Center in DeKalb, IL. For more information visit www.niuconvo.com
Monty Python's Spamalot - Stage Coach
Stage Coach Players Theatre presents "Monty Python's Spamalot". Check website for show times. http://www.stagecoachers.com
MS: Tour de Farms Bike Ride
NIU Convocation Center - 1525 West Lincoln Highway, DeKalb, IL (map) For more information please visit www.niuconvo.com.
Rick Springfield at NIU
NIU is excited to announce RICK SPRINGFIELD will be at the Convocation Center on May 15, 2015. --- Grammy award-winning musician, actor and New York Times bestselling author Rick Springfield will hit the road to DeKalb, IL with the full band. The iconic rock star will be at the Convocation Center on Friday, May 15th. Doors open at 6:00pm and show starts at 7:00pm. Special guest to be announced early 2015. Tickets for Rick Springfield go on sale Friday, December 19th at 10:00am. All seats are reserved and ticket prices range from $25 to $45. Tickets can be purchased at the Convocation Center box office, all Ticketmaster Outlets, Ticketmaster.com, or by phone at 800-745-3000.
32nd State Square and Round Dance Convention
32nd State Square and Round Dance Convention July 24 - 26, 2015 Held at: Northern Illinois University Holmes Student Center Dekalb, IL Featured Caller is Darryl Lipscobe
Jo Dee Messina Live at the Egyptian Theatre
Jo Dee Messina fans have gotten what they've been clamoring for from the multiplatinum, award winning country singer/songwriter who released her most recent album in 2014. With its title "ME" chosen by fans, the album marks Jo Dee's most personal album to date as she wrote or co-wrote many of the songs and released it on her own newly established label, Dreambound Records. Although this album is a fresh start for Jo Dee, she is no stranger to the entertainment world. Debuting in 1996 with the hit single "Heads Carolina, Tales California", she has charted 9 number one singles, 16 Top 40 singles, and sold more than 5 million records worldwide. Winner of the 1998 Academy of Country Music Awards Top New Female Vocalist Award. Reserved Ticket Prices: $29.50 - $39.50 - $65.00
Swedish Days Festival
This "granddaddy" of Illinois festivals features a host of family-friendly activities with live musical entertainment, a carnival, rosemaling show, pet parade, kids' day fun, grand parade, the state's largest music competition, multi-ethnic food plus great shopping in our historic downtown. Geneva's train station is located just blocks from the festivities.
Geneva Arts Fair
The Geneva Arts Fair transforms downtown Geneva into a venue for over 150 esteemed artists and draws a crowd of more than 20,000. The juried show was voted a Top 200 Fine Craft Fair by Art Fair SourceBook and a previous winner of "Best Craft or Art Show" by West Suburban Living magazine. Admission is free and includes a children's art area with special activities.
Festival of the Vine
Geneva restaurants create an array of specialties under an outdoor tent at the "Flavor Fare" partnered with wine and live musical entertainment. The Fall Harvest Market offers food and floral demos, unique displays plus Kid's Patch activities. An arts and crafts show, flower market, horse-drawn carriage rides and several exceptional wine tasting and dinner events also take place around the historic downtown.
Genoa Days
Rides, games, food, bands and a parade. http://www.genoamainstreet.com
Genoa Farmer's Market
The Genoa Farmer's Market features locally-grown produce, wine, baked goods, flowers and artisan crafts. Last Saturday of the month (May 30th - Sept. 26th: 9am - 2pm) On the corner of Genoa & Main Street - 202 W. Main St. For more information call 815-784-2212 or visit http://genoaareachamber.com/
Hinckley Germanfest
Planned activities include a craft show, a dance contest, stein holding contests, antique tractor show, races, a church service and delectable international food and much more!
Turkey Testicle Festival
It's a great night as you don't have to bring a dish to pass or talk to relatives. If you have never tried a turkey testicle, this is your chance! No need to worry about the weather the festival is held under one huge heated tent, with plenty of portable potties available. The bar is open but the number of people allowed inside at any one time is limited, as it can become pretty packed. There will also be hats, t-shirts and sweatshirts for sale to remember the night. "So grab a friend that's never been, enjoy a cold brew, great music, and hot nuts!" This is a 21 and older event only so bring your ID. Hope to see you there.
Montgomery Fest
Each summer, Montgomery Fest brings together neighbors and friends from throughout the area to enjoy a weekend of old-fashioned family fun. Held the second weekend in August along the banks of the Fox River, highlights of the Fest include musical performances, carnival rides, a wide range of food vendors, free pony rides and petting zoo, a fishing derby, a car show and a parade.
Spring at the Farm
Dickson-Murst Farm is turned into an antique truck and tractor show with petting zoo, hayrides, crafts and music the ole' time way!
North Aurora Days
The Village of North Aurora is proud to continue the North Aurora Days tradition of providing a fun-filled weekend of activities and entertainment for the whole family in our great community. The sponsors, volunteers, and participants of North Aurora Days have been working hard to plan and provide a great celebration filled with fun for the entire family. This year's festival will begin on Friday, August 7th with various events during the day. The emergency vehicle parade kicks off the Friday night festivities leading the spectators to our main stage, where they will enjoy a variety of food, beverages, and musical entertainment. Saturday, August 8th will be filled with a 5/10k race, fishing derby, Touch-a-Truck and more all ending on Sunday, August 9th with the fun filled pet parade.
CITY:North Aurora


text:
Only €349/day on Range Rover
Available in select locations, minimum 5 day booking.
By Brittany NueSpainShare:
Less than two hours drive from Malaga you will arrive at Gibraltar, on Costa del Sol. Gibraltar is the third smallest state in the world and is famous because of its geography (the Rock of Gibraltar – the overwhelming observation) and for the fact that this is a British Territory in the South of Spain. About 10 million tourist arrive to Gibraltar every year.
You can easily rent a Ferrari in Gibraltar for a business trip or to boost your vacation. Another good reason to hire a Ferrari in Gibralter is to drive to places like Marbella (and Puerto Banus), Malaga, Seville and all around the beautiful Costa del Sol. Europe Luxury Car Hire operates luxury concierge services as a Gibraltar Chauffeur Service , a Bodyguard (VIP Protection) service, a Gibraltar Airport Pick up service and more.
Enjoy a luxury vehicle - a Ferrari for hire in Gibraltar!
Hire a Ferrari for a day, a weekend or for long term rental. Our Ferrari hire service is all about providing you the ultimate driving experience when you lease one of our Ferrari's.
We rent current Ferrari models as Ferrari California, Ferrari 458 Italia, Ferrari 599 Fiorano, Ferrari FF coupe and others. Rent one of our Ferrari cars and enjoy our unrivaled luxury car service.
Hire a 2-door 4-seater Ferrari 612 Scaglietti to drive an impressive high performance Grand TourerGet a QuoteCar info
Rent a Ferrari 599 GTB - one of the fastest, most perfectly balanced and capable sports cars ever madeGet a QuoteCar info
Extreme high performance and luxurious comfort make the 2012 Ferrari FF an unbeatable grand tourer so rent yours in Gibraltar todayGet a QuoteCar info
Experience the most high performance V8 ever built by Ferrari. The Ferrari 458 Speciale is a superlative sports car offering its driver an...Get a QuoteCar info
Hire a Ferrari 458 Italia to dabble with Formula-1-based technologies in a beautiful and prestigious 2-seat Italian berlinettaGet a QuoteCar info
Rent a Ferrari 360 Spider Cabrio for a chance to drive the cabrio version of a supercar that is considered a modern work of art as well as an...Get a QuoteCar info
A Ferrari F430 rental is available in spider and coupé styles. As a cabrio or a Berlinetta, this 2-seat supercar will amaze youGet a QuoteCar info
The LaFerrari rental is a Berlinetta that combines the speed and excitement of Formula 1 driving with high level of control and stabilityGet a QuoteCar info
Rent the limited edition Ferrari 458 Italia Oakley Design to discover how perfection can become slightly betterGet a QuoteCar info
The most aerodynamic Ferrari ever made, Rent a Ferrari California for a truly unique and exotic drive in a hard-top 4-seater cabrioGet a QuoteCar info
A rare chance to drive the new fast and powerful Ferrari F12 Berlinetta supercar – hire yours todayGet a QuoteCar info
Comprised of 3902 cc and a V8 turbo engine, relentless power now comes in the form of the Ferrari 488 GTBGet a QuoteCar info
Hire a Ferrari 458 Italia Spider 2012 with a mighty 4.5L V8 engine for an unbeatable convertible driving experienceGet a QuoteCar info
Our fleet is always growing. We will find the precise Ferrari model you desire.Contact us today
Available in select locations, minimum 5 day booking.


text:
Celebrate Easter and the arrival of spring with an inspiring brunch menu that will make the holiday one to remember.
See Recipes
Give the perfect gift. Any occasion, any time.
Shop Now
Special savings through March 29, 2015 - while supplies last.
Save up to 60% on Shun, Wüsthof, Zwilling J.A. Henckels & Global cutlery for a limited time only - while supplies last.
Special savings through March 31, 2015 - while supplies last.
Bring the magic of Easter to life with enchanting homemade bunny cakes and cookies.
Special savings through March 29, 2015 – while supplies last.
Set a festive table with Easter favorites starting at $6.95
They're back! Our handmade iron steak brands add a fun and unique personal touch to grilled meats.
Shop our assortment of raised beds and planters to give your edible garden a head start as the weather warms up.
If you're short on gardening space, grow upward! ...
If you're short on gardening space, grow upward! This grow bag and frame set is ideal for a vertical garden of vining vegetables such as tomatoes, peas, pole beans and cucumbers. A sturdy steel frame supports the reusable bag, ...


text:
I purchased 3 of these to hang over my kitchen island. I couldn't be happier. The fixtures look beautiful and really expensive, and you can't beat this price. I have hung my share of light fixtures and these are not easy, but not terrible. The crystals take a long time. There are 24 strings on the top and 24 on the bottom. They attach to the fixture at the base like a key ring and then in the middle like a clasp. You need to make sure you attach them in the right direction, so do one strand completely before moving to the next. A few things to note before getting started: The hot wire is hard to distinguish from the neutral - but you can feel that there's an extra ridge. Normally light fixtures come with one link that is a clasp so you can cut the chain to size and easily reattach the top. These do not. It's difficult to open and close a link without damaging it, so you may want to look for a link that opens (I used a zip tie temporarily). They also don't take a full sized chandelier light bulb. You'll need bulbs that are a little shorter. Finally, two of my three fixtures had no issues, but one had problems with parts that screwed together sticking. To save yourself frustration, check the parts that screw together first. A little bit of cooking spray fixed the issues I had with my one problem fixture. I love, love, love the result and which I could share photos. The fixtures are a GREAT value.
This is really cute and a great price. Beware that it does not come assembled so plan on an hour or so of hanging the long crystal strands onto the light. The look is exactly what I was going for so it was worth the extra effort.
It is better in person! It was easy to connect, easy to assemble. Gorgeous, and puts out a lot of light.
This chandlier is beautiful I went to several lighting stores looking at the exact chandlier for my foyer however it was priced at $$$$ *****! So I decided to wait and research I went on overstock website and to my surprise this chandlier was the price I was looking for! It was easy to put together and easy to install! When it's on a night my neighbors tell me that it is sooooo beautiful to look at from the street! I'm extremely happy with my purchase.
For the price, the quality is approximately what I expect with plastic crystals and lots of assembly required. We installed this in our entry foyer and it is absolutely stunning. From the floor, no one can tell it isn't real crystal. Excellent value for anyone who can't dish out thousands of dollars for the real deal.
This fixture is beautiful and is a stunning entry light. It isn't too big, which is what we wanted. You do have to assemble it, but it only takes about an hour and it is very easy to do. Once you get a few on the fixture, it goes quick. The crystals are good quality and all were in perfect condition upon arrival. There were many others that were 5x the price and I was a bit skeptical on this one, but it is definitely a great piece.
Usually leaves our warehouse in 1-2 business days. *
Items must be returned in new or unused condition and contain all original materials included with the shipment. More details
FINAL SALE EXCLUSION: Items marked as FINAL SALE are not returnable unless the problem you experience is the result of our error.
Our standard shipping method is ground shipping. We also offer expedited shipping for most items. Your final shipping cost and estimated delivery timeframe will be available at checkout.
Standard shipping details
Expedited shipping details
* For your protection, all orders are screened for security purposes. If your order is selected for review, our Loss Prevention Team may contact you by phone or email. There may be a two business day delay to process your order.
** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


text:
N.D. PSC won't delay its Big Stone case
BISMARCK -- The North Dakota Public Service Commission will not put its proceedings on the proposed Big Stone II power plant on hold, it decided Friday.
Get the full story
Subscribe or Log In
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? Activate your account.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Call (701) 225-8111 and we can help you.


text:
It was a fantastic and pleasant experience.
Kelly's Carpet Cleaning and Flood Restoration is very friendly and they did a fantastic job with cleaning our floors. They did everything we asked and made sure it was done thoroughly. Everything smelled very fresh and I'm happy the carpets turned out great. Read More


text:
Book your room at Hotel Bishops Arms
Superior Double or Twin RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Family RoomMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 2 infants)
Kiruna hotel with a restaurant
Situated near the airport, in Kiruna, this hotel is close to Town Hall, Kiruna Kyrka, and LKAB Iron-Ore Mine.
Hotel Features
In addition to a restaurant, Hotel Bishops Arms features a bar/lounge. Other amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access and complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access.
Room Amenities
Flat-screen televisions come with cable channels. Guestrooms also feature complimentary wireless Internet access, climate control, and safes.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wired and wireless Internet access.
Onsite parking is available (surcharge).
Hotel Bishops Arms is a smoke-free property.
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Free WiFi
- Elevator/lift
- Total number of rooms - 37
- Number of floors - 1
- Luggage storage
- Year Built 2011
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Smoke-free property
- Bar/lounge
- Free breakfast
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Restaurant
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Shower only
- Rainfall showerhead
- Desk
- Cable TV service
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- In-room safe
- Climate control
- Free cribs/infant beds
Where to Eat
A complimentary breakfast is served each morning between 7 AM and 9:30 AM.
Bishop Arms - This restaurant serves breakfast and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 4 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time ends at 10 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Rollaway bed fee: SEK 200 per night
National Rating
Hotelstars Union assigns an official star rating for properties in Sweden. This property is rated 3 stars.


text:
Connect with Us
Podcasts & RSS Feeds
|All Content
|View all podcasts & RSS feeds
Now Playing
Loading stream...
Most Active Stories
Program Hosts
Host, All Things Considered
Host, Morning Edition
Host, The Exchange
Host, The Folk Show
Host, Word of Mouth
Word of Mouth - Segment
12:40 pm
Thu November 17, 2011
How Pizza got Vegefied
You may recall that as President, Ronald Reagan labeled ketchup as a vegetable. On Monday, a joint House-Senate spending bill added tomato paste slathered on pizza to the vegetable group. In fact, pizza is now designated as a "supervegetable". Julian Pecquet covers health care for The Hill and has been following the bill, and the lobbying effort behind it.
We can't help but wonder what Michelle said when she found out.


text:
Raw Grey Heather
€ 49.95
Grey Heather
€ 89.95
€ 29.95
€ 59.95
Snow Heather
€ 39.95
Dark Amann
Heron Heather
Medium Aged
€ 79.95
Raw Grey
€ 35.00
€ 69.95
White Heather
€ 25.00
Grege Green
Light Chalk
Space Blue
Your bag will be emptied when you change your country settings.
We currently only provide our site in English for your country. Do you want to translate it to Danish with Google Translate?
G-Star has the broadest range of jeans worldwide. Wear it ti ...
More than 70 years after their initial creation, a selection ...
We use cookies.
Cookies are blocked or not supported by your browser. You must enable cookies to use this website.


text:
Table Lamps
Showing 108 results
Most Popularˇ
Narrow your search for
Table Lamps...
Table Lamps...
External Ads:
Lamps USA » Lamps » Table Lamps » Sale » Width 8 To 9 Inches
$54.00 $80.99 A few left!
Lite Source Reiko 1-Light Fluorescent Table Lamp Latte LS21506LATTE1-DayShip
$190.00 $284.99 In Stock
Dimond Woodland Sunrise 1-Light Portable Table Lamp Aged Bronze with Cream Glass 310721
Still searching for Table Lamps?
Live Chat with an Expert and we'll be happy to help you search.
Or try expanding your selection in Lamps...
Type: Show more than just table lamps
Type: Show more than just table lamps
Also see related categories below, or view our Full Site Map
Did you see these other categories in Lamps?


text:
Carlos Tevez says his Manchester City team was wrong to fire manager Mark Hughes this season and that replacement Roberto Mancini pushes players too hard in training.
Tevez says "Mark should have been given more time."
Hughes was fired in December after the team won two of 11 games. But City had drawn eight of those matches and had lost fewer games overall than any other Premier League club.
Mancini has lifted City to fourth in the standings but Tevez said in an interview with Daily Mail newspaper that the players "are not happy" with his training sessions being so long at the end of a gruelling season.
Keywords: Carlos Tevez, Manchester City, Premier League


text:
Try these peppy and zesty soups at home
A steaming bowl of chicken soup has long been a popular comfort food. That combination of chicken, vegetables and broth has been said to cure ailments ranging from a case of the sniffles to even the most severe cases of homesickness. There is even an entire series of books named after it.
Get the full story
Subscribe or Log In
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? Activate your account.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Call 701-252-3120 and we can help you.


text:
Intel shows off tablet with upcoming Atom chip
Intel on Tuesday for the first time showed working prototypes of tablets with Google's Android OS and the chip maker's upcoming Atom low-power chip, code-named Medfield.
Intel on Tuesday for the first time showed working prototypes of tablets with Google's Android OS and the chip maker's upcoming Atom low-power chip, code-named Medfield.
Cisco Systems Chairman and CEO John Chambers plans to stay on the job for at least three more years, he said Tuesday.
Cisco expects annual revenue growth between 5 percent and 7 percent over the next three years and expects its still-ongoing restructuring to help the company increase profit faster than revenue, executives said on Tuesday at a financial analyst confe...
Broadcom has agreed to acquire communications processor company NetLogics Microsystems for $US3.7 billion.
With Carol Bartz out as CEO at Yahoo, speculation is rampant that the board of directors is looking to sell the struggling company.
Days after giving Carol Bartz the pink slip, Yahoo's board of directors is focused on deciding whether the company should be sold, not on finding a new CEO, according to a report in The Wall Street Journal.
The U.S. Department of Justice would "severely set back growth and competition" in the U.S. mobile telecom market if its efforts to block the acquisition of T-Mobile USA by AT&T are successful, AT&T said in court documents filed Friday.
Hardware and components insiders are giving off mixed signals about how business will fare for the rest of the year.
Nvidia concluded that it would exit the chipset business as Intel made it impossible for the company to operate in the market, the company's CEO Jen-Hsun Huang said this week.
A leading international consumer group has called on the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and the European Union's main body for data protection, the Article 29 Working Group, to reject self-regulation of online behavioral advertising.
Microsoft's Dynamics AX 2012 ERP (enterprise-resource-planning) software suite is now available in 25 countries, with special incentives for customers willing to switch from rival platforms sold by Lawson Software, Microsoft announced Thursday.
Google has acquired venerable restaurant ratings publisher Zagat to boost its online maps and local business listings with trustworthy reviews and recommendations, which Web surfers increasingly seek and value.
Shortly after agreeing to mediation with Google in its lawsuit over alleged Java patent violations in the Android mobile OS, Oracle has taken issue with the executive Google proposed to represent its side, saying he is not senior enough and was also ...
With Yahoo languishing in the face of competition from the likes of Google and Facebook, the ouster of CEO Carol Bartz gives the company a chance to refocus and reinvigorate itself.
Lawson Software is embroiled in the latest instance of an allegedly failed ERP (enterprise resource planning) software project to become public.
The latest business news, reviews, features and whitepapers
Visit our shop for the best deals on hot products
Watch our video news and reviews from around the world
Comprehensive buying guides, features, and step-by-step articles
First impression on unpacking the Q702 test unit was the solid feel and clean, minimalist styling.
For work use, Microsoft Word and Excel programs pre-installed on the device are adequate for preparing short documents.
The Fujitsu LifeBook UH574 allowed for great mobility without being obnoxiously heavy or clunky. Its twelve hours of battery life did not disappoint.
The screen was particularly good. It is bright and visible from most angles, however heat is an issue, particularly around the Windows button on the front, and on the back where the battery housing is located.
My first impression after unboxing the Q702 is that it is a nice looking unit. Styling is somewhat minimalist but very effective. The tablet part, once detached, has a nice weight, and no buttons or switches are located in awkward or intrusive positions.


text:
Laura's Law
Watch Complete Episode: February 1, 2013 »
San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee announces plans to implement a version of "Laura's Law," a California measure which allows for court-ordered treatment of potentially dangerous mentally ill patients. The law is named for Laura Wilcox, a Nevada County woman who was murdered by a schizophrenic man with a history of violence. Lawmakers around the country are calling for such measures in the wake of recent mass shootings. But as Spencer Michels of PBS NewsHour reports, implementation of Laura's Law remains a challenge.
Also on KQED.org this week ...
KQED Celebrates Women's History Month
KQED proudly celebrates the richness and diversity of the greater San Francisco Bay Area by commemorating Women's History Month. In March, KQED Public TV 9 and Public Radio 88.5 FM schedule a special lineup of programs focused on themes and issues related to women.
"Boomtown" History of the San Francisco Bay Area
KQED's "Boomtown" series will seek to identify what is happening in real time in the current boom, and also draw out the causes and possible solutions to the conflicts and pressures between the old and the new.


text:
Property to rent in Glastonbury
£750 pcm (£173 pw)
3 bed property to rentKennard Close, Glastonbury BA6
Half price referencing for April move-in - Something Special - fantastic refurbished family home in quiet cul-de-sac location with pets by negotiation More details
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Castle Cary (8.6 miles)
- Bruton (11.6 miles)
Marketed by Palmer Snell Lettings - Wells, BA5. Call 01749 587020£895 pcm (£207 pw)
3 bed property to rentBenedict Street, Glastonbury, Somerset BA6
A three bedroom, two receptions end of terrace house. The accommodation comprises of: Kitchen, utility, downstairs bathroom, lounge, dining room and courtyard garden approximately 20' x 20' which backs onto the park with tennis courts and playing ... More details
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Castle Cary (9.3 miles)
- Bridgwater (11.6 miles)
Marketed by Lettings-R-US Ltd, BA11. Call 01373 888321£450 pcm (£104 pw)
1 bed flat to rentHill Head, Glastonbury BA6
A modern first floor one bedroom flat in A convenient location within walking distance of the town centre More details
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Castle Cary (9.0 miles)
- Bridgwater (11.9 miles)
Marketed by Edwards, BA20. Call 01935 388278
Latest Glastonbury property to rent
Zoopla is one of the UK's leading property portals, helping you to find property for sale and to rent and make smarter decisions when buying and renting homes in the UK. Discover information on homes in Glastonbury by researching Glastonbury property values, Glastonbury house prices paid, our Glastonbury property market overview and find Glastonbury agents.


text:
- 1 slow cooker
- 2 potato medium diced
- 1 stalk broccoli chopped
- 2 carrot diced
- 8 chicken lovely legs
- 2 cup water
- 1 tbs gravy powder optional
- 1 pinch mixed herbs optional
- STEP 1 Place potatoes and carrots in the bottom of slow cooker.
- STEP 2 Top with broccoli and chicken legs.
- STEP 3 Pour water over the top and sprinkle with herbs.
- STEP 4 Turn on high for 4-5 hours or low for 6-7 hours.
- STEP 5 When ready to serve make a gravy with the liquid that remains, or use as a soup stock.
These are the vegetables I used last time I made this, although you could use just about any vegetables that you have around. Just remember they cook best on the bottom of the cooker, rather than at the top.
From around the web...
3 Review and Comment
What do you think of this recipe? Log In Now
REVIEWER: kezzy73
This recipe was really nice. Especially the chicken. The vegetables were a bit bland, next time will add garlic.
REVIEWER: kilburnett
The whole family loved this one, even my fussiest eater! Served it with rice and it was a beautiful winter's meal. So simple but so much flavour. This will be a regular in our house! Thank you!
REVIEWER: montyd
So quick and easy to put together for a great result. I used garlic and mixed Italian herbs as seasoning and used one cup of water and one cup of white wine instead of the two cups of water. Leftover juices made the most delicious gravy! Also eaten by our fussy two year old (including the vegetables). I did remove the skin first. Thank you.
Submit your recipe
Have a great recipe? Share your food creations and upload your recipes here.
Latest Reviews
Editor's Picks
Easter Entertaining
Get ready for Easter with home-made hot cross buns and Easter eggs!
Get ready for Easter with home-made hot cross buns...
Get ready for Easter with home-made hot cross buns and Easter eggs!
Family friendly recipes
Brought to you by Legendairy.
Brought to you by Legendairy.
Brought to you by Legendairy.
Share your CHOCOLATE recipe to WIN!
Enter now to win $1,000
Enter now to win $1,000
Enter now to win $1,000


text:
Lionel-Plasticville-#963-100 Frontier Set for Sears General Set-Boxed-C-6
- Sold for: Start FREE Trial! or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category:
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Aug 26,2012
- Channel: Online Auction
Offered for sale, is a rare Lionel Plasticville #963-100 Frontier Set. This came in the very valuable Sears General Set. It is Boxed, with all pieces included. There are extra pieces also included. The instruction sheet is missing, and the box is worn. I Grade the Box a C-6. It has torn corners, which can easily be repaired.
Items in the Worthopedia are obtained exclusively from licensors and partners solely for our members' research needs.


text:
|Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | Lounge | The Wire | Audio | Arcade
Conveyor of Truth
Join Date: Jan 2008
Posts: 7,741
Rep Power: 29
Points: 1,000,012,084,275,587.62
Bank: 10,952,400,729.15
Total Points: 1,000,023,036,676,316.75
Dawson should drop Scully
i dont think scully gave dawson the right instructions against hopkins much of the time, dont think he had him fighting the right fight either. not bad but i think someone like steward would be better. he would have dawson keeping his range, standing tall and steppin around hopkins when he charges.
scully is a good trainer but with steward i think dawson wouldve stopped hopkins and become a better fighter in the future. dawson should use his height more and not lean forward so much or move in so close. he shouldnt be flatfooted either, dawson has such great mobility and throws combinations while on the move as good as anyone in boxing.
i think even though scully is doing a good job there are trainers out there that could take dawson to another level, if not steward he would improve greatly under floyd sr again if they could get past their diffrences.
Streets Ahead
Join Date: Sep 2011
Posts: 34,602
Rep Power: 118
Points: 655,392,082,971.55
Bank: 88,759,077,434,391.47
Total Points: 89,414,469,517,363.02
I wonder if there was some way we could summon Scully to this thread...
Join Date: Jul 2007
Location: Seattle
Age: 100
Posts: 34,843
Rep Power: 168
Points: 56,916,954,619,393,952.00
Bank: 7,789,191,425,814,636.00
Total Points: 64,706,146,045,208,600.00
I disagree 100% I thought scully did a great job with his instructions last night and the gameplan was about right. Most things are easier said then done against hopkins, it's very difficult to implement any type of gameplan on him even at age 47 so the fighter just has to take what's there and keep his composure which dawson did and scully did a good job between rounds keeping him focused and not falling asleep which is what the old man wanted.
F*ck Subtlety
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Between the obtuse and obscene
Posts: 38,186
Rep Power: 368
Points: 90,169,154.80
Bank: 2,227,574,773,106,872,064.00
Total Points: 2,227,574,773,197,041,408.00
I think Scully gave Chad proper instruction.
LOL @ The notion that if Dawson had Steward in his corner he would've somehow managed to stop a guy who's never been stopped before, uses footwork extremely well, and is barely ever even caught cleanly.
When's the last time Chad ever imposed his will on anybody?
Join Date: Jul 2007
Location: Seattle
Age: 100
Posts: 34,843
Rep Power: 168
Points: 56,916,954,619,393,952.00
Bank: 7,789,191,425,814,636.00
Total Points: 64,706,146,045,208,600.00
you federally fu*ked now.
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: Da Hood
Posts: 1,274
Rep Power: 10
Points: 5,011,443.46
Bank: 55,902,469,373.07
Total Points: 55,907,480,816.53
Dawson won clearly so Scully's Gameplan must of worked...
F*ck Subtlety
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Between the obtuse and obscene
Posts: 38,186
Rep Power: 368
Points: 90,169,154.80
Bank: 2,227,574,773,106,872,064.00
Total Points: 2,227,574,773,197,041,408.00
By the way, we've been waiting for Chad Dawson to go to "another level" for quite some time now. Regardless of his trainer, I just don't see it happening. He doesn't have killer instinct. At all.
Join Date: Dec 2007
Location: Wales
Posts: 12,859
Rep Power: 37
Points: 6,000,659,614.30
Bank: 147,957,005,335,169.75
Total Points: 147,963,005,994,784.06
Do you just enjoy being an asshat?
none of your posts make any sense
Undisputed Champion
Join Date: Aug 2006
Location: USA
Posts: 10,816
Rep Power: 35
Points: 105,546,654.20
Bank: 666,366,315.14
Total Points: 771,912,969.34
Youre kidding me? I thought Scully's advise was on point almost all of the time.
The problem was Dawson wasnt listening a lot of the time. Drove me crazy, he would get Hopkins in the corner and leaning over, and he wouldnt GO TO THE BODY. dammit. every time he started to the body, he got his best combinations off. argh.
good advice, but Dawson doesnt always listen.
|dawson, drop, scully
|Thread Tools
Privacy Policy - Submit
News - Feedback
- Site Map - Advertise
with Us
Copyright © 2003-2014 BoxingScene LLC All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2003-2014 BoxingScene LLC All rights reserved.


text:
Breaking News and Information
You have been subscribed!
September 28, 2012 | By Myriam DiGiovanni
Site promises to be insider's guide to credit union industry.
January 20, 2010
Since its founding in 1955, most of Ohio University Credit Union's growth has sprouted up through its original sponsor, a connection that germinates to this day.
From e-SignLive by Silanis
From DocuSign
From Elan Financial Services
From Quatrro Processing Services
From IDT911
From Visible Equity
Mar 24 | Peter Strozniak
Mar 25 | Peter Strozniak
Mar 20 | Peter Strozniak
Advertisement. Closing in 15 seconds.