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Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Strategic SWOT Analysis Review
Jan 27, 2015 -
- 19 pages - USD $125
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Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Strategic SWOT Analysis Review provides a comprehensive insight into the company's history, corporate strategy, business structure and operations. The report contains a detailed SWOT analysis, information on the company's key employees, key competitors and major products and services.
This up-to-the-minute company report will help you to formulate strategies to drive your business by enabling you to understand your partners, customers and competitors better.
Report Scope
Business description - A detailed description of the company's operations and business divisions.
Corporate strategy - GlobalData's summarization of the company's business strategy.
SWOT analysis - A detailed analysis of the company's strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats.
Company history - Progression of key events associated with the company.
Major products and services - A list of major products, services and brands of the company.
Key competitors - A list of key competitors to the company.
Key employees - A list of the key executives of the company.
Executive biographies - A brief summary of the executives' employment history.
Key operational heads - A list of personnel heading key departments/functions.
Important locations and subsidiaries - A list of key locations and subsidiaries of the company, including contact details.
Asplundh Tree Expert Co (Asplundh) provides clearance services to the utility industry. The company offers the uninterrupted power services for electrical utilities across the world. The company undertakes tree pruning and removals, clearing and maintenance, vegetation management with herbicides and emergency storm work and logistical support. The company, through its subsidiary, UtiliCon Solutions, Ltd., offers services such as overhead and underground line construction, meter reading and installation, infrared inspection, utility pole maintenance, and street lighting/traffic signal services. The company offers its services across the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Reasons to Get this Report
Gain key insights into the company for academic or business research purposes. Key elements such as SWOT analysis and corporate strategy are incorporated in the profile to assist your academic or business research needs.
Identify potential customers and suppliers with this report's analysis of the company's business structure, operations, major products and services and business strategy.
Understand and respond to your competitors' business structure and strategies with GlobalData's detailed SWOT analysis. In this, the company's core strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are analyzed, providing you with an up to date objective view of the company.
Examine potential investment and acquisition targets with this report's detailed insight into the company's strategic, business and operational performance.
Note: Some sections may be missing if data is unavailable for the company.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
List of Tables
Section 1 - About the Company
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Key Facts
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Key Employees
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Key Employee Biographies
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Key Operational Employees
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Major Products and Services
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - History
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Company Statement
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Locations And Subsidiaries
Head Office
Other Locations & Subsidiaries
Section 2 - Company Analysis
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Business Description
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Corporate Strategy
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis - Overview
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Strengths
Strength - Comprehensive Services
Strength - Strong Market Position in the US
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Weaknesses
Weakness - Limited Market Presence in Emerging Markets
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Opportunities
Opportunity - Change in Regulations
Opportunity - Market Liberalization
Opportunity - Rising Demand for Conventional Resources
Opportunity - Strategic Initiatives
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Threats
Threat - Civil Agitation
Threat - Alternative Methods
Asplundh Tree Expert Co - Key Competitors
Section 3 - Appendix
About GlobalData
Contact Us
List of Tables
Asplundh Tree Expert Co, Key Facts
Asplundh Tree Expert Co, Key Employees
Asplundh Tree Expert Co, Key Employee Biographies
Asplundh Tree Expert Co, Key Operational Employees
Asplundh Tree Expert Co, Major Products and Services
Asplundh Tree Expert Co, History
Asplundh Tree Expert Co, Other Locations
Asplundh Tree Expert Co, Subsidiaries
Asplundh Tree Expert Co, Key Competitors
Companies Mentioned in this Report
Asplundh Tree Expert Co
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The membrane permeating antibacterial peptide, PR-39, previously found only in the intestine, was purified from wound fluid and shown to possess syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 inductive activity specifically in mesenchymal cells. This is a newly recognized function that defines peptide containing syndecan-inducing activity, and that are known as synducins. Therefore a molecule with both antimicrobial and synducin activities is deposited in wounds where it can simultaneously reduce infection and influence the action of growth factors, matrix components, and other cellular effectors involved in wound repair. Synducins, including PR-39, and derivatives thereof, is therefore useful in the modulation of wound healing, as well as other disorders involving mesenchymal cells and cell surface molecular interaction, including metastatic disease, angiogenesis, restenosis, stasis or decubitis ulcers, and prevention of keloids.
1. A method for modulating mesenchymal cell interactions comprising administering to the cells an mount of synducin effective to alter expression of a syndecan selected from the group consisting of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 on the mesenchymal cells.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the synducin specifically induces expression of syndecan-1.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the synducin is PR-39.
4. A composition for modulating mesenchymal cell interactions comprising purified synducin in a pharmaceutical carrier for systemic administration at a concentration between 0.1 and 1.0 micromolar or for topical administration at a concentration between 0.2 and 5.0 micromolar.
5. The composition of claim 4 further comprising stabilizers of the synducin biological activity.
6. The composition of claim 4 formulated for systemic administration.
7. The composition of claim 4 wherein the peptides are stabilized to increase in vivo half-life.
8. The composition of claim 4 formulated in a polymeric delivery composition.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the synducin specifically induces expression of syndecan-4.
The United States government has rights in this invention by virtue of National Institutes of Health grants K08AR01874 to Richard Gallo and R01 CA28735, R37 HD06763 and P30 HL46491 to Merton Bernfield.
This invention is generally in the area of modulation wound repair using a peptide inducer of syndecan expression.
Complex cellular behaviors such as those resulting in wound repair are influenced by a variety of soluble growth factors, cytokines, and insoluble extracellular matrix components. To exert their effects, many of these effector molecules must bind to the heparan sulfate chains that are at the surface of nearly all adherent cells (Ruoslahti and Yamaguchi, Cell, 64:867 (1991)). For example, interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate is required for cells to respond to the growth factors FGF-2 (Rapraeger, et al., Science, 252:1705 (1991); Yayon, et al. Cell, 64:841 (1991)) and HB-EGF (Higashiyama, et al., J. Cell Bio., 122:933-940 (1993)), and to the matrix component fibronectin (Guan, et al. Cell Reg., 2:951 (1991); Woods, et al., Molec. Biol. Cell, 4:605 (1993)). Indeed, Guan, et al. (1991); Bernfield, et al., in Annu. Rev. Cell Biol., G. E. Palade, B. M. Alberts, J. A. Spudich, Eds. (Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, Calif., 1992), 8:365-393); Jalkanen, et al., Trends in Glyco-science and Glycotech, 5:107 (1993); G. David, FASEB J., 7:0123 (1993); and A. C. Rapraeger, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 5:844 (1993)) have proposed that cell surface heparan sulfate, which is derived mostly from the four members of the syndecan family of transmembrane proteoglycans (G. David, et al., J. Cell Biol., 111:3165 (1990)), acts together with specific signaling receptors to mediate the cellular response to such effectors. Changes in the abundance of cell surface heparan sulfate probably regulates the action of these effector molecules, yet it is not known how the amount of heparan sulfate at the cell surface is controlled.
Cell surface heparan sulfate mediates the activity of several growth factors, extracellular matrix components, proteases and other cellular effectors involved in wound repair. Syndecan-1, a major transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is induced transiently on mesenchymal cells during the repair of skin wounds. Accordingly, induction of syndecan-1 can influence this process. Syndecan-1 induction can trigger cellular behaviors such as proliferation and migration that are involved in wound repair due to its ability to bind and thus augment the action of heparin-binding growth factors, including FGF-2, HB-EGF, and PDGF-AB, each found in repairing wounds. Cell surface syndecan-1 can also bind fibronectin, thrombospondin, tenascin and the fibrillar collagens. Accordingly, its induction can contribute to the effects of these extracellular matrix components that are involved in wound repair. Thus, the induction of syndecan-1 by PR-39 may mediate growth factor responsiveness and the changes in cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion that must take place for wound repair to proceed.
The expression of syndecan-1 is highly regulated in vivo. In mature tissues, syndecan-1 is expressed on the surface of epithelial cells but not on the surface of mesenchymal cells (K. Hayashi, et al., J. Histochem. Cytochem., 35:1079 (1987)). However, during cutaneous wound repair in the mouse, syndecan-1 is lost from the surface of the epithelial cells migrating into the wound and is induced on the dermal endothelial cells and fibroblasts of the forming granulation tissue (K. Elenius, et al., J. Cell Biol., 114:585 (1991)). These changes resemble those occurring during embryonic tissue interactions: syndecan-1 is lost from epithelia undergoing changes in shape while it is induced on their associated mesenchymal cells (Trautman, et al., Development, 111:213 (1991)). Thus, in both wound repair and morphogenesis, situations that correspond with changes in expression of several potential ligands, including growth factors, matrix components, proteases and protease inhibitors, mesenchymal cells are induced to increase syndecan-1 at their surfaces.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and means for modulating tissue repair and other cellular processes involving heparan sulfate binding to ligands through inducement of syndecan expression.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide methods and composition for modulating wound repair and healing in a cell specific manner.
An activity that induces syndecan expression (synducin) was found to be present in the fluid derived from skin wounds only during the early phase of wound repair, but not in several other biological fluids or with several growth factors and cytokines. Induction of cell surface syndecans is restricted to confluent cells of mesenchymal origin and is accompanied by increased syndecan-1 and -4 mRNA levels, stability at the cell surface and reduced glycosylation. The membrane permeating antibacterial peptide, PR-39, previously found only in the intestine, was purified from wound fluid and shown to possess this inductive activity. This newly recognized function for an antimicrobial peptide indicates that a molecule with both antimicrobial and syndecan inductive activities is deposited in wounds where it can simultaneously reduce infection and influence the action of growth factors, matrix components, and other cellular effectors involved in tissue repair.
Synducins, including PR-39, and derivatives thereof, are therefore useful in the modulation of wound healing, as well as other disorders involving mesenchymal cells and ligand interactions with cell surface heparan sulfate, including metastatic disease, angiogenesis, restenosis, stasis or decubitis ulcers, and prevention of keloids.
FIG. 1A is a graph of cell surface syndecan-1 (mOD/min/μg protein) as a function of wound fluid preparation concentration (mg/ml) showing that induction of cell surface syndecan-1 is dependent on wound fluid concentration and cell density, for post-confluent (open squares) or 50% confluent (closed circles) NIH 3T3 cells.
FIG. 1B is a graph of cell surface syndecan-1 (mOD/min) over time (hours) showing that wound fluid stabilizes induced syndecan-1 at the cell surface of post-confluent NIH 3T3 cells. Post-confluent NIH 3T3 cells were cultured in medium containing the wound fluid preparation (400 μg protein/ml), for the time periods indicated (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 hrs) and then assayed by ELISA. At 60 hours some wells (open squares) were rinsed once with medium and fresh medium without wound fluid added prior to assay.
FIGS. 2A and 2B show syndecan mRNA levels in NIH-3T3 cells as a function of time after culture with the wound fluid preparation (400 μg/ml) showing that syndecan-1 and -4 are specifically induced.
FIG. 3A is a graph of syndecan-1 (mOD/min) versus concentration of PR-39 (μM) showing that synthetic PR-39 induces syndecan-1 in a dose dependent manner. Data represent the mean of triplicate determinations�SD of a single experiment representative of two experiments.
FIG. 3B is a graph of syndecan mRNA levels after culture of NIH-3T3 cells with synthetic PR-39 (1 μM) for 24 hours.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing uptake of PR-39 by NIH-3T3 cells. The percent of radioactive PR-39 (in cpm) specifically associated with the cells is plotted versus time of incubation until radioactive PR-39 (in minutes), showing that PR-39 is rapidly taken up by cells and reaches a saturation point.
It has been discovered that a 39 amino acid peptide, PR-39, and biologically active derivatives thereof, induces syndecan-1 and -4 expression in mesenchymal cells. Methods for formulating pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof in modulating the tissue healing response and management of various disorders and diseases based on this discovery have been developed.
PR-39 is the 39 amino acid sequence shown in Sequence ID No. 1, Arg Arg Arg Pro Arg Pro Pro Tyr Leu Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro Pro Pro Phe Phe Pro Pro Arg Leu Pro Pro Arg Ile Pro Pro Gly Phe Pro Pro Arg Phe Pro Pro Arg Phe Pro. The specific peptide can be substituted using conservative substitutions of amino acids having the same or functionally equivalent charge and structure, except for the amino acid sequence Arg Arg Arg at the N-terminus and the amino acid sequences Pro Pro X X Pro Pro X X Pro and Pro Pro X X X Pro Pro X X Pro, where X is any amino acid. Although described with reference to the 39 amino acid sequence, the peptide could be part of a fusion protein, immobilized to an inert substrate, or targeted using a specific ligand, or a part of a longer protein. These peptides are collectively referred to herein as "synducin" and are characterized by the biological activity further described in the following examples: specific inducement of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 expression on the surface of mesenchymal cells, specific inducement of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 mRNA within the cells, increase in level of cell surface heparan sulfate, and rapid uptake into mesenchymal cells to a saturation level.
Peptides are currently used as pharmaceuticals. These can be stabilized to extend half-lives in vivo by chemical modification of the amino acids or by attachment to a carrier molecule or inert substrate. For example, the peptide can be conjugated to a carrier protein such as albumin by its N-terminal cysteine by standard procedures such as the commercial Imject kit from Pierce Chemicals or expressed as a fusion protein, which may have increased efficacy. Alternatively, peptides containing cyclopropyl amino acids, or amino acids derivatized in a similar fashion, can also be used. These peptides retain their original activity but have increased half-lives in vivo. Methods for modifying amino acids, and their use, are known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,629,784 to Stammer.
The synducin peptide can be synthesized using standard amino acid synthetic techniques. An example is the solid phase synthesis described by J. Merrifield, 1964 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 2149, used in U.S. Pat. No. 4,792,525, and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,244,946, wherein a protected alpha-amino acid is coupled to a suitable resin, to initiate synthesis of a peptide starting from the C-terminus of the peptide. Other methods of synthesis are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,305,872 and 4,316,891, the teachings of which are incorporated herein. These methods can be used to synthesize peptides having identical sequence to the receptor proteins described herein, or substitutions or additions of amino acids, which can be screened for activity as described above.
PR-39 can also be obtained from Magainin, Inc. of Plymouth Meeting, Pa.
The synducin can be administered systemically, topically, or locally. The peptide can be administered as the peptide or as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid- or base-addition salt, formed by reaction with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, thiocyanic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid, or by reaction with an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and organic bases such as mono-, di-, trialkyl and aryl amines and substituted ethanolamines.
Suitable pharmaceutical vehicles are known to those skilled in the art. For parenteral administration, the compound will usually be dissolved or suspended in sterile water or saline. For enteral administration, the compound will be incorporated into an inert carrier in tablet, liquid, or capsular form. Suitable carriers may be starches or sugars and include lubricants, flavorings, binders, and other materials of the same nature.
The compounds can be administered topically by application of a solution, cream, gel, or polymeric material (for example, a Pluronic�, BASF).
Alternatively, the compound can be administered in liposomes or microspheres (or microparticles), which can be injected for local or systemic delivery. Methods for preparing liposomes and microspheres for administration to a patient are known to those skilled in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 4,789,734 describe methods for encapsulating biological materials in liposomes. Essentially, the material is dissolved in an aqueous solution, the appropriate phospholipids and lipids added, along with surfactants if required, and the material dialyzed or sonicated, as necessary. A review of known methods is by G. Gregoriadis, Chapter 14. "Liposomes", Drug Carriers in Biology and Medicine pp. 287-341 (Academic Press, 1979). Microspheres formed of polymers or proteins are well known to those skilled in the art, and can be tailored for passage through the gastrointestinal tract directly into the bloodstream. Alternatively, the compound can be incorporated and the microspheres, or composite of microspheres, implanted for slow release over a period of time, ranging from days to months. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,906,474, 4,925,673, and 3,625,214.
Based on the following in vitro studies, an effective concentration of peptide is between 0.1 and 1.0 micromolar for systemic administration and between 0.2 and 5.0 micromolar for topical administration. These ranges are well within the effective concentrations for the in vivo administration of peptides, based on comparison with the RGD-containing peptides, described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,792,525 to Ruoslahti, et al., used in vivo to alter cell attachment and phagocytosis.
Synducin induces the expression of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 on the surface of mesenchymal cells, especially fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The syndecans are a family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans that are present on the surface of cells. The amount and type of cell surface syndecan is specifically regulated during development and wound repair. Cells require this heparan sulfate in order to respond to components in their environment such as growth factors, extracellular matrix molecules, proteases and protease inhibitors. Thus the amount and type of syndecan at the cell surface appears to determine the behavioral response of cells in their environment.
The molecules that interact with the syndecans have known in vivo effects: basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) accelerates wound repair and angiogenesis, as reported by McGee, et al., J. Surg. Res. 45, 145-153 (1988) and Salmivirta, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267(25), 17606-17610 (1992); platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) induces vascular restenosis and angiogenesis; and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis. Extracellular matrix components have similarly known effects: both fibronectin fragments and laminin fragments are anti-metastatic and are known to bind syndecans, as described by Saunders and Bernfield, J. Cell. Biol. 106:423-430 (1988); Elenius, et al. J. Biol. Chem. 265:17837-17843 (1990). Protease inhibitors such as antithrombin III are known anticoagulants that require heparin or heparan sulfate for activity, as described by Rosenberg, R. D. and Damus P. S., J. Biol. Chem. 248:6490-6505 (1973).
Accordingly, clinical applications in which administration of synducin is beneficial include the treatment of stasis ulcers, for example, resulting from diabetes, and decubitus ulcers, as from chronic pressure in bedridden patients, preventing keloids in repairing wounds or treating keloids directly, all by promoting fibroblast and connective tissue growth; treatment of skin burns by accelerating re-epithelization; treating ischemic tissues, including hearts following coronary occlusion and limbs after vascular blockade, by promoting neovascularization; preventing metastases of carcinomas by augmenting the connective tissue response; direct treatment of sarcomatous growth and metastasis; treatment of hypercoagulation states, including disseminated intravascular coagulation following sepsis. Further support for the role of increasing syndecan-1 expression is found by reference to the literature relating to syndecan-1. For example, Sanderson, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269(18), 13100-13106 (1994) reports on how the fine structure of heparan sulfate regulates syndecan-1 function and cell behavior; Jalkanen, et al., Trends Glycosci. Glycotechnol. 5(22), 107-120 (1993) and Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 313, 79-85 (1992) report that syndecan selectively binds extracellular effector molecules and regulates cell morphology and growth factor action at the cell-matrix interface; Bernfield, J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 17 part E, (1993) reviews the role of the syndecans as co-receptors for matrix and growth factors in development and wound repair; Inki, et al., Eur. J. Cell Biol. 63(1), 43-51 (1994), reports that malignant transformation of keratinocytes is associated with a marked reduction of syndecan-1 expression in squamous cell carcinomas.
Synducin administration will be determined using the judgment of the attending physician and the type of disorder. For example, if the condition occurs locally, sufficient synducin to achieve the desired effect locally will be administered. If the condition is systemic, for example, prevention of metastases or treatment of ischemic damage, then the synducin is administered systemically. The synducin will typically be administered alone or in combination with other molecules that are regulated by binding to cell surface syndecans, such as FGF-2, PDGF, VEGF, and HB-EGF.
In an alternative embodiment, endogenous synducin can be inhibited from inducing syndecan expression. This can be effectively achieved using an inhibitor of synducin activity, an antibody against synducin, or an inhibitor of synducin expression. Inhibitors can be peptides which penetrate into cells to compete with the effect of endogenous synducin (as determined using the assays in the examples below), antisense binding to the gene expressing the endogenous synducin, and organic molecules which would inhibit expression. Antisense can be made using conventional techniques based on the codons known to encode the amino acids forming the synducin amino acid sequence.
The present invention will be further understood by reference to the following non-limiting examples.
An in vitro cell culture system was used to explore the mechanism by which cell surface syndecans is induced. NIH 3T3 cells grown to confluence in serum-containing medium were exposed to potential inducers and then evaluated by ELISA for the amount of cell surface syndecan-1.
Syndecan-1 at the cell surface was determined on cells cultured in 96 well tissue culture plates by washing the cells once in Tris buffered saline (TBS) (10 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), fixing 30 min in 2% HEPES-buffered paraformaldehyde, pH 7.4, rinsing three times in TBS and incubating the cells for 30 min in TBS, 0.1% BSA, 5% goat serum. Cells were incubated for 1 hr at room temperature with 5 μg/ml mAb 281-2 (specific for extracellular domain of syndecan-1 core protein) (M. Jalkanen, H. Nguyen, A. C. Rapraeger, N. Kurn, M. Bernfield, J. Cell Biol., 101:976 (1985)) or non-specific rat IgG2A (Zymed, San Francisco, Calif.). Cells were then rinsed 3�5 min with TBS, incubated with alkaline phosphatase conjugated goat anti-rat antibody (Caltag, San Francisco, Calif.) for 30 min, rinsed 3�5 min with TBS, and alkaline phosphatase activity determined by measuring the absorbance at 405 nm of a 1 mg/ml solution of p-nitrophenolphosphate (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) in 10 mM Tris, 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl pH 9.5. Linear rates of absorbance change over time were determined by an automated microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Menlo Park, Calif.). Cells were then rinsed 3� with TBS and cellular protein determined by solubilizing cells in individual wells with 20 μl of 0.1N NaOH followed by protein determination (BCA protein assay, Pierce, Rockford, Ill.).
This assay was shown to measure the amount of cell surface syndecan-1 accurately by comparing it with results obtained by removing cell surface syndecan-1 quantitatively from cells in duplicate wells (20 μg/ml trypsin at 4� C. for 10 min), and measuring the released syndecan-1 by radioimmunoassay. These measurements correlated strongly over the range of syndecan-1 detected in this study (r=0.96), confirming that the ELISA assay provides a quantitative assessment of cell surface syndecan-1.
Wound fluid was collected in vinyl chambers (P.A. Medical Corp., Columbia, Tenn.) attached aseptically over 1.2 mm deep partial thickness wounds created on the skin of three to four month-old Yorkshire pigs. Each chamber received 1 ml of sterile 0.9% NaCl containing penicillin G and streptomycin as previously described (K. l Breuing, E. Eriksson, P. Liu, D. R. Miller, J. Surg. Res., 52:50 (1992). At 24 hr intervals the fluid within the chamber was removed, passed through an 0.45 μm sterile filter and the chamber and saline solution replaced. Animal care was done in accordance with institutional guidelines.
Of a variety of biological fluids and growth factors, only porcine wound fluid collected during the early phase of wound repair (approximately the first six days), FGF-2, and PDGF-AB increased cell surface syndecan-1 (each approximately three to four-fold after 48 hr culture). Treatment with FGF-2 and PDGF-AB also increased cell number by about two-fold. However, a wound fluid preparation after passage through a heparin-sepharose column to remove heparin-binding factors such as PDGF, FGF-2 and HB-EGF, caused no detectable change in cell number, cell protein or morphology, but retained its syndecan-1 inductive activity. Therefore, an inductive activity not duplicated by several other biological fluids or growth factors was detected in the fluid released during wound repair.
Syndecan-1 induction in vivo is in condensed mesenchymal cells which show increased syndecan-1 mRNA levels and reduced syndecan-1 glycosylation (Bernfield, et al., (1992)). Thus, experiments were performed to evaluate the inductive response of cells to the wound fluid preparation.
FIGS. 1A and B demonstrate induction of syndecan-1 expression by wound fluid. FIG. 1A shows that induction of cell surface syndecan-1 is dependent on wound fluid concentration and cell density. Post-confluent (open squares) or 50% confluent (closed circles) NIH 3T3 cells were treated for 24 hours with culture medium (DMEM, Mediatech, Washington, D.C. with 4.5 gm/L glucose, 10% defined bovine serum, Hyclone, Logan, Utah, penicillin and streptomycin) containing the indicated concentrations (0.1 to 0.7 mg/ml) of wound fluid after passage through heparin-sepharose, then assayed for cell surface syndecan-1 by ELISA. Data are normalized for total cellular protein per well (7 μg/well for confluent and 4 μg/well for subconfluent cells) and represent the mean of triplicate determinations�SD of a single experiment representative of three experiments.
FIG. 1B shows that wound fluid stabilizes induced syndecan-1 at the cell surface. Post-confluent NIH 3T3 cells were cultured in medium as described above, containing the wound fluid preparation (400 μg protein/ml), for the time periods indicated and then assayed by ELISA. At 60 hours some wells (open squares) were rinsed once with medium and fresh medium without wound fluid added prior to assay. Data represent the mean of triplicate determinations�SD of a single experiment representative of two experiments.
FIGS. 2A and 2B demonstrate that wound fluid increases syndecan-1 and -4 transcript accumulation. Total RNA was extracted from post-confluent cultures of NIH 3T3 cells at zero, six, ten, 24 and 48 hrs after culture in medium containing the wound fluid preparation (400 μg protein/ml). Equal amounts of RNA, approximately 20 μg, were analyzed by separation on a 1% agarose formaldehyde gel, transfer to GeneScreen Plus� membrane (DuPont-New England Nuclear), and hybridization to random primer labeled mouse syndecan-1 full-length cDNA or the 800 bp Pst I fragment of murine β-actin RNA at 65� C. in Quick Hyb� Solution (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) per manufacturer's instructions. Subsequent washing was in 2�SSPE, 0.1% SDS for 2�15 min at room temperature, and in 0.2�SSPE, 0.1% SDS, 2�15 min at 55� C. The membrane was then stripped and rehybridized with a murine β-actin probe. Autoradiograms were exposed for 8 h and 2 h for syndecan-1 and β-actin respectively.
The results show that syndecan-1 and -4 are induced within six to ten hours following exposure.
The results demonstrate that post-confluent NIH 3T3 cells responded in a dose-dependent manner, reaching maximal syndecan-1 induction at approximately 300 μg/ml of the crude wound fluid preparation (FIG. 1A). However, at 50% confluence, the cells expressed lower baseline levels of syndecan-1 and failed to be induced (FIG. 1A). This lack of response was also seen in subconfluent cells growth-arrested by either 12,500 rads gamma irradiation or treatment with mitomycin C. The kinetics of induction by the wound fluid preparation showed that cell surface syndecan-1 increased nearly linearly for 60 hours and then plateaued at approximately three-fold (FIG. 1B). Replacing the medium at 24 hour intervals with fresh medium containing the wound fluid preparation caused the same rate and extent of induction. However, when medium containing the wound fluid preparation was replaced with fresh medium alone, cell surface syndecan-1 was lost rapidly with a half-life of about 1.5 hours.
The induction was accompanied by significant changes in syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 mRNA amount and core protein glycosylation, but also with minor changes in other cell surface and secreted proteins. Total RNA, the syndecan-1 extracellular domain released by trypsin, and proteins at the cell surface or secreted into the medium, were analyzed from cells treated with wound fluid. Northern blot analysis demonstrates an increase in both 2.6 and 3.4 kb syndecan-1 transcripts and 2.6 kb syndecan-4 as early as six hours after exposure to the wound fluid preparation, reaching a maximum of about 3.5-fold and 5 15-fold induction, respectively, after 24 hours. Syndecan-2 and syndecan-3 were not induced. No apparent differences were noted in proteins labeled by cell surface iodination with lactoperoxidase on 10% PAGE and differences only in bands at about 160,000 and about 35,000 Da were seen in conditioned media proteins following 35 S-methionine labeling. These observations suggest that the response to induction by the wound fluid preparation is relatively selective when compared to the cellular response to mitogenic factors known to be present in untreated would fluid.
A variety of cell types were cultured to confluence and tested for induction of cell surface syndecan-1 by the wound fluid preparation. All post-confluent cells of mesenchymal origin tested, including five independently prepared cultures of primary mouse dermal and embryonic fibroblasts, NIH 3T3, Swiss 3T3, and C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts, Balb/c 3T3 endothelioid cells, and capillary endothelial cells, responded to the wound fluid preparation with an increase in cell surface syndecan-1. On the other hand, all non-mesenchymal cells tested, including the cerebellar cell line C17 and a variety of epithelia, including NMuMG mammary, NMuLI hepatic, primary mouse keratinocyte, and keratinocyte cell lines (Balb MK, BK-1, PAM 212), failed to respond.
Therefore, wound fluid influenced multiple aspects of syndecan expression, including abundance and half-life at the cell surface, increased syndecan-1 mRNA, and decreased extent of glycosylation. These changes are similar to those of syndecan in mesenchymal cells during differentiation and embryonic tissue interactions. Furthermore, the time of appearance and mesenchymal cell selectivity of the inductive activity in wound fluid duplicate the induction of syndecan-1 observed in repairing wounds in vivo, as reported by Elenius, et al., (1991), indicating that the factor(s) responsible for induction in the in vitro system are also significant in vivo.
To purify the syndecan-1 inductive activity, fluid pooled from day one to six wounds was partially purified by precipitation at pH 4.0, which removed 75% of total protein but less than 10% of the inductive activity.
Syndecan-1 inductive activity was then further purified by a combination of cation exchange chromatography and reversed phase HPLC. For cation exchange chromatography, the supernatant from an overnight 4� C. incubation of wound fluid at pH 4.0 was dialyzed to 20 mM Tris, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.4, and applied to a 16�150 mm Toyopearl� SP650S column (Tosohaas, Philadelphia, Pa.). After extensive washing with 0.2 M NaCl, activity was eluted with a linear NaCl gradient. Syndecan-1 inductive activity was determined as described above by 72 hr treatment with a 1/20 dilution of each fraction in culture medium.
Syndecan-1 inductive activity (fractions 13-15) from the cation exchange chromatography were applied to a C4 reversed phase column (4.6�250 mm Vydac, Hesperica, Calif.) and eluted with an acetonitrile gradient in 0.1% trifluoracetic acid. Eluted fractions (1 ml) were lyophilized, redissolved in 25 μl PBS, and syndecan-1 inductive activity determined as described above by 72 hrs treatment with a 1/30 dilution of each fraction in culture medium.
The activity appeared to be cationic as it was retained on a cation exchange column at 0.2 M NaCl and eluted at high salt concentrations in a broad peak between 0.65 and 0.8 M NaCl. The activity present in this fraction was abolished by both trypsin digestion (20 μg/ml, 37� C. for 30 min) and heat (56� C. for 30 min), suggesting that it was associated with protein.
Active fractions from the cation exchange chromatography (fractions 13-16) were adsorbed on a C4 reverse phase HPLC column equilibrated with 5% acetonitrile in 0.1% trifluoracetic acid and eluted in an acetonitrile gradient. The activity eluted reproducibly in two sharp peaks at 33% and 39% acetonitrile. These fractions represent a 700 to 1000-fold purification from crude wound fluid with a yield of 1 to 2% of the original activity.
This fraction was analyzed directly by PAGE, mass spectrometry, and amino acid sequencing. Both PAGE and mass spectroscopy were consistent with a highly purified peptide of mass about 4708 Da, indicating a peptide of about 39 amino acids. Sequencing established the N-terminal 36 amino acids unequivocally without detection of minor sequences, Seq. ID No. 1, Arg Arg Arg Pro Arg Pro Pro Tyr Leu Pro Arg Pro Arg Pro Pro Pro Phe Phe Pro Pro Arg Leu Pro Pro Arg Ile Pro Pro Gly Phe Pro Pro Arg Phe Pro Pro Arg Phe Pro. The sequence is identical with the N-terminal 36 amino acids of PR-39, a proline- and arginine-rich 39 amino acid peptide previously found in pig intestine, as described in PCT WO92/22578 by Lee, et al. Although known to have antibacterial activity, the peptide has not previously been associated with mesenchymal cells or interactions with eucaryotic cells.
It was demonstrated that PR-39 possesses syndecan inductive activity by treating NIH-3T3 cells with media containing synthetically prepared PR-39, as shown by FIGS. 3A and 3B. PR-39 was synthesized by Chiron mimotopes peptide systems (San Diego, Calif.) and purity analysis performed by RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry. The peptide was found to be 96% pure by RP-HPLC with a molecular weight of 4721.1. The lyophilized powder was dissolved in 25% acetonitrile, 0.1% TFA, aliquoted for the indicated concentrations, lyophilized and reconstituted in culture media. Cells were exposed to PR-39 in culture medium for 43 hours prior to determination of cell surface syndecan-1 levels by ELISA. Open boxes represent synthetically prepared PR-39, closed triangles represent structurally derived and purified PR-39. Data represent the mean of triplicate determinations�SD of a single experiment representative of two experiments.
Cell surface syndecan-1 was induced by synthetic PR-39 in a concentration dependent manner, thereby demonstrating that syndecan-1 induction is due to PR-39 and not to undetected trace contaminants present in the preparation from wound fluid.
The results presented here demonstrate that an antibacterial peptide, PR-39, is in the fluid recovered from skin wounds and that it enhances the expression of cell surface syndecan-1 on mesenchymal cells. These findings are unexpected because such antimicrobial peptides were both not known to exist in the wound environment and not known to influence the selective expression of cell surface proteoglycans.
In mammals, other antimicrobial peptides have been shown to be weakly mitogenic and affect cell viability, ACTH-responsiveness, plasma membrane potential and promote wound healing. The finding of syndecan-1 induction by a peptide with antimicrobial activity suggests that membrane permeating peptides function as signaling molecules in complex cellular behaviors.
The uptake and binding of PR-39 was demonstrated as follows. PR-39 was iodinated using the Iodogen procedure (Pierce T). The influx and efflux kinetics were calculated, accessable compartments were evaluated, and total uptake measured in NIH-3T3 cells.
The results are shown in FIG. 4 and show that the peptide, of a size not normally taken up by intact cells, rapidly associates with and enters NIH-3T3 cells.
Cell permeability after PR-39 treatment was then measured. NIH-3T3 cells were cultured to confluence on chamber slides. 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 10 μM PR-39 was added to the culture medium and incubated 60 minutes at 37� C.; then 50 μg/ml propium iodide (FW 688) was added. A 2/20� field of fluorescent cells shown with PR-39, 100% (approximately 50/20�) with 0.1% Triton� showed no large perability changes in the membrane.
To determine the effect on cell morphology, NIH-3T3 cells were cultured to confluence on coverslips in 24 well plates. 2 μM PR-39 was added the medium and cultured for 72 hr. 2% PFA and acetone were used to fix cells and cells were stained with f-actin with rhodamine phalloidin. No change in cell morphology was detected.
Modifications and variations of the methods and compositions described herein will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the foregoing detailed description and are intended to come within the scope of the appended claims.
__________________________________________________________________________SEQUENCE LISTING(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 1(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 39 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide(iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO(iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO(x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION:(A) AUTHORS: Lee, Jong-YounBoman, Hans G.Mutt, ViktorJornvall, Hans(B) TITLE: Novel Polypeptides And Their Use(C) JOURNAL: PCT WO 92/22578(G) DATE: 12/23/92(K) RELEVANT RESIDUES IN SEQ ID NO:1: FROM 1 TO 39(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:ArgArgArgProArgProProTyrLeuProArgProArgProProPro151015PhePheProProArgLeuProProArgIleProProGlyPheProPro202530ArgPheProProArgPhePro35__________________________________________________________________________
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Modern Kitchens Pictures
Modern Kitchen Ideas 2014 – The Main Future : Modern Kitchens Pictures
Among the 7 modern kitchen ideas 2013 by Allmilmo we see that almost all of them are finely polished and lacquered. The kitchen cabinets are extended so that they are spacious, comfortable and long for all household activities. Countertops and tables are decorated with Chinese vases, ceramic plates and glasses. The imitations of brick and animal skin are introduced so that the original design in a traditional modern kitchen design to be brought. Simplicity and cleanliness are the main rules by which the team of Allmilmo studio in creating a modern kitchen. They prefer more furniture in the modern kitchens to organize so that there is more storage space for all kitchen gadgets, devices, sets, plates, etc. The modern kitchen ideas 2014 of Allmilmo are neat, fresh and beautiful. The designers influence the idea of convenience and aesthetics, so that snobbery and weirdness are left.
Here is essential notification on white modern kitchen 2013. We have the greatest step for white modern kitchen 2013. Check it out for yourself! You can get Modern Kitchens Pictures guide and see the latest Modern Kitchen Ideas 2014 – The Main Future in here.


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The home for sale located at 4708 EAST BEACH DRIVE, Norfolk, VA 23518 is located in Zip Code 23518. The list price of 4708 EAST BEACH DRIVE, Norfolk, VA 23518 is $724,750 and is listed by Long & Foster Real Estate Inc. , an independent real estate company in Norfolk and proud member of Leading Real Estate Companies of the World®.
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Hotel Le Marenda - Canet-en-Roussillon
73 Avenue Edouard Herriot - Canet-en-Roussillon1-877-662-6988
Welcome to Le Marenda!
This Canet-en-Roussillon hotel offers an elevator (lift). There is also a bar/lounge where guests can enjoy drinks after a long day.
Multilingual staff can provide tour/ticket assistance and express check-out. The front desk is open during limited hours and you will also find free newspapers and a safe in the lobby.
No Air conditioning... Rooms directly on the road outside are extremely noisy :(:(...Venere Guest, France
These reviews have been left by customers who actually stayed at this hotel
Check Availability at Hotel Le Marenda
Breakfast at Hotel Le Marenda
A full breakfast is served between 7:30 AM and 9:30 AM for a fee.
Hotel Facilities at Le Marenda
- Bar
- Luggage room
- Multilingual staff
- Newspapers
- Front desk - safety deposit box
- City tour
- Lift/elevator
- Entire property is non-smoking
Know before you go
- This property's policy is to refuse certain bookings for the purpose of group events or parties, including pre-wedding stag/bachelor and hen/bachelorette parties.
- Guests under 18 years old are not permitted at this adults-only property.
- Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
- No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.
Check-in: between 3:00 PM and 8:30 PM.
Check-out: before 10:30 AM.
PolicyExtra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- No onsite parking is available.
- The name on the credit card used at check-in to pay for incidentals must be the primary name on the guestroom reservation.
City tax and/or any other fees charged by the hotel
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Fee for full breakfast: EUR 6 for adults and EUR 6 for children (approximately)
- Crib (infant bed) fee: EUR 10 per night
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 15 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at the hotel:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.65 per person, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Le Marenda Hotel reviews
- July 2012
- Venere Guest
- Single traveller
- France
No Air conditioning... Rooms directly on the road outside are extremely noisy :(:(:(
- October 2011
- Venere Guest
- Couple
- France
Loading reviews in other languages...
- July 2013
- Venere Guest
- Couple
- France
Le Marenda Hotel reviews by TripAdvisor
Room Details
Le Marenda has 18 guest rooms. Guests can kick back at the end of a busy day and enjoy 19-inch flat-screen televisions with digital channels. Business travelers will have access to desks and phones during their Canet-en-Roussillon visit.
Individual décor and furnishings make each stay a unique experience. Private bathrooms are outfitted with complimentary toiletries.
Irons/ironing boards and hair dryers can be provided on request.
Accommodation Services
- Telephone
- Extra beds
- Ironing facilities on request
- Desk
- Hairdryer on request
Distances from Hotel Le MarendaCanet Beach - 1 km / 0.6 mi
Saint-Cyprien Golf Club - 5.3 km / 3.3 mi
Aqualand St Cyprien - 9.3 km / 5.8 mi
University of Perpignan - 10.5 km / 6.5 mi
St. Jacques Church - 10.6 km / 6.6 mi
Elne Cathedral - 10.7 km / 6.6 mi
Palais des Congres - 10.9 km / 6.7 mi
Exhibition Park - 10.9 km / 6.8 mi
Campo Santo - 11.1 km / 6.9 mi
Perpignan Cathedral - 11.1 km / 6.9 mi
Palace of the Kings of Majorca - 11.2 km / 6.9 mi
Republic Square - 11.2 km / 7 mi
Place de la Loge - 11.3 km / 7 mi
Palais de la Deputation - 11.3 km / 7 mi
Loge de Mer - 11.3 km / 7 mi
The preferred airport for Le Marenda is Perpignan (PGF-Perpignan - Rivesaltes Intl.) - 14.7 km / 9.1 mi.
Distances are calculated in a straight line from the property's location to the point of interest or airport and may not reflect actual travel distance.
Distances are displayed to the nearest 0.1 mile and kilometer.
We have the accommodation you need, all over the world
- • Hotel Villa Maria - Desenzano del Garda, Italy
- • Hotel Duca D'Aosta - Mogliano Veneto, Italy
- • Grand Hotel Beijing - Beijing, China
- • Hotel Els Caçadors - Ribes de Freser, Spain
- • Apartamentos Molino Blanco - Puerto de la Cruz, Spain
- • Pacific Coast Inn - Los Angeles, USA
- • Georgie Villa - Tsagarada, Greece
- • Hotel The Towers - New York, USA
- • Tayih Landis Hotel,Tainan - Tainan, Taiwan
- • B&B Domus dei Consoli - Rome, Italy
- • Hotel Quinta do Serrado - Porto Santo, Portugal
- • Vacation Rental Citadines Didot Montparnasse Paris - Paris, France
- • Hotel Anguilla Great House - Rendezvous Bay, Anguilla
- • Hotel Premiere Classe Cambrai - Proville, France
- • Hotel de Reims - Paris, France
- • Santa-Maria-Poggio Hotels, France
- • Dawson City Hotels, Canada
- • Tulln an der Donau Hotels, Austria
- • Clermont-Ferrand Hotels, France
- • Gap Hotels, France
- • Manama Hotels, Bahrain
- • Sandviken Hotels, Sweden
- • Bardejov Hotels, Slovakia
- • Beroun Hotels, Czech Republic
- • Windhoek Hotels, Namibia
- • Ajaccio Hotels, France
- • Ouarzazate Hotels, Morocco
- • Branson Hotels, USA
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- • Errachidia Hotels, Morocco


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The poster above reads "this Spring", that is not true, this isn't an official poster, sorry.
Here's what the Michigan Film Office published 4 weeks ago :
The Michigan Film Office announced today that AMC's original scripted drama series Low Winter Sun has been approved for a film incentive from the state. Set in Detroit, the series starts with a crime that will alter a detective's life forever. The pilot for the series was filmed in Detroit in September. Filming on the 9 additional episodes is expected to begin in Detroit this spring and run through the end of summer.
Low Winter Sun is a co-production between Endemol Studios and AMC Studios. Chris Mundy wrote the pilot and serves as show runner and executive producer. Cast includes Mark Strong and Lennie James.
"We are thrilled that Low Winter Sun is bringing this series to Michigan after a successful pilot shoot in Detroit last year", said Margaret O'Riley, Director of the Michigan Film Office. "As a high profile television series, this project will provide significant opportunities for our crew, talent and support services. It also sends a strong signal about the quality of projects we are attracting to Michigan".
The project was awarded an incentive of $7,544,611 and expects to hire 245 Michigan workers with a full time equivalent of 148 jobs.
Let's recap :
- The Walking Dead season 3 part II (8 episodes) finishes on March 31.
- Mad Men season 6 (13 episodes) commences on April 7 (2-hour première) and terminates on June 23.
- Breaking Bad season 5 part II (8 episodes) débuts on July 14 (AMC's official Instagram says so).
- The third seasons of The Killing (12 episodes) and Hell on Wheels (10 episodes) will arrive later this year.
Given that AMC has given Low Winter Sun a 10-episode first season order, this drama could begin between April 14 and May 5, in my opinion. I doubt AMC will have LWS go on with Breaking Bad, and I doubt that they'd want the last 3 episodes of the season to air without the support of Mad Men, so my money is on Sunday, April 14 for the Low Winter Sun series première. Season 1 would end June 16, a week before the Mad Men finale.
Sources : This guy and my mind.
Low Winter Sun - Season 1 starts filming this Spring
Posted by Bunky Bunk at Monday, March 11, 2013 7 CommentsCancelled Shows Mad Men
We welcome relevant, respectful comments.
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34 year old man | Buffalo, NY, USA | Seeking women 26-33 within 25 miles
New kid on the block.
I'm new to Buffalo. I've been here since May and I came to Buffalo for a work opportunity but I don't know anything about Buffalo, I don't know anyone in Buffalo, I don't know what to do for fun in Buffalo (insert soft, sympathetic violin music). I'm really excited about meeting new people and think this will be a great opportunity for me to step out of my comfort zone and meet new, fun, personable people. A little bit about myself.....I changed careers less than 2 years ago and have worked hard to be promoted. I'm the youngest of 4 boys, I have a twin brother, I haven't dated too much just here and there nothing too serious, I have a great sense of sarcastic humor, I appreciate simple things in life like family and friends (especially now, not knowing anyone here). I'm a big sports fan, enjoy playing sports, I like all kinds of music. I feel I'm ready to commit to someone special. I'm looking for a friend at first but if it progresses to something else than great. I want a professional, self-sufficient woman who wants a complement to their life, someone who doesn't play games, someone who is honest and who can take honesty (even if they don't like it) from their partner, someone who is goal driven and independent. That pretty much sums it up. If you want to know more just ask.
Dining out , Movies/Videos , Playing sports , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Baseball, Basketball, Football, Golf, Soccer
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
Middle of the Road
TV, Movies, Sports, Playing golf, skyping with my nephew, sitting back and talking about the good old days with old friends.
Quality time with family and friends. Looking for some fun in Buffalo.
Work stuff.
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|6'2" (187cms)
|3'0" (91cms) to 8'0" (243cms)
|Body type:
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|No preference
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Full CoverageBreaking News
Pacific Buddhist Academy Previews its Annual Taiko FestivalUPDATED 7:44 PM HST Mar 24, 2013
Pacific Buddhist Academy's annual Taiko Festival is coming up on April 7. Members of the taiko group performed in the KITV studio to give us a sneak peak.
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The Yew Tree Bakery
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lorry drives on a snow covered road near Holcombe on January 22 2013... News PhotoDriving,England,Road,Semi-Truck,Snow,Somerset - England,UK,Vertical,WeatherPhotographer Matt CardyCollection: Getty Images News 2013 Getty ImagesHOLCOMBE, UNITED KINGDOM - JANUARY 22: A lorry drives on a snow covered road near Holcombe on January 22, 2013 in Somerset, England. Snow and ice is continuing to cause disruption to some parts of the UK with more snow forecast for the South West tonight. (Photo by Matt Cardy/Getty Images)


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- March 31, 2015 WPU LinkedIn Workshop Do you know how to use LinkedIn for your job search? Do you have a compelling LinkedIn Profile so Recruiters & HR professionals want to talk with you regarding jobs they are filling? Ready to learn how to do just that? Then, be sure to attend the WPU Office of Career Services LinkedIn Workshop on Tuesday, March 31, 2015. Questions? Contact Barbara Efird, Director of Career Services. view Event
- April 6, 2015 Manning Music Series Concert: NC Symphony William Peace University's Manning Music Series presents a FREE Concert featuring musicians from the North Carolina Symphony, with WPU student vocalists from the B.F.A. Program, on the Kenan Hall stage on Monday, April 6, 2015 at 7:30 p.m. The Manning Music Concert Series is made possible through a gift made by alumna Sara Jo Allen Manning '58 '60 and the Manning Music Series Fund. For the 2014-15 performing arts season, the Manning Series will include 5 free concerts ranging from jazz, classical and contemporary to Broadway performances. William Peace University is pleased to partner once again this year with the North Carolina Symphony on three of the Manning Series events. THE WINTER & SPRING CONCERTS ARE NOW SOLD OUT. Thank you! William Peace University wishes to make this event accessible to all people in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. If you need a reasonable accommodation to fully participate in this event please contact the Office of Engagement at firstname.lastname@example.com or 919.508.2362. Please make your needs known as soon as possible to allow sufficient time for effective accommodations, preferably at least 5 business days prior to the event. view Event
- April 7, 2015 Duke Energy Honors Leadership Speaker Series: Deborah K. Ross William Peace University is delighted to present the Duke Energy Honors Leadership Speaker Series thanks to a generous grant made by Duke Energy in 2013. The speaker series brings guest speakers and lecturers from across North Carolina to the University's campus each academic year. On April 7, 2015, the campus community welcomes Deborah K. Ross in Main Parlor at 3:30 p.m.., as part of the Duke Energy Series. After serving in the NC House of Representatives for more than 10 years, Deborah K. Ross became General Counsel at Triangle Transit (June 2013). From Jan. 2003-June 2013, she was an attorney with Styers, Kemerait & Mitchell, a Legislator with the NC House of Representatives, and a senior lecturer at Duke Law School. While in service with the NC General Assembly, she was a majority and minority whip and Chair of the Judiciary and Ethics Committees. Ross holds an Honorary Doctorate from William Peace University (2011), a Bachelor of Arts (BA) from Brown University, and her Juris Doctorate in International Relations and Affairs from The University of North Carolina School of Law. Admission is Free with WPU ID. view Event
William Peace University Dept. Chair and Associate Professor Dr. Lynn C. Owens Discusses Jobs Research on TWC NewsBy William Peace University on March 6, 2014 5:04 pm
William Peace University Dept. Chair and Associate Professor
Dr. Lynn C. Owens Discusses Jobs Research on TWC News
Communication Professor and Expert at Local Four-Year Baccalaureate
Shares Research Data with TWC News Anchor Marti Skold
RALEIGH, N.C., March 6, 2014 – Lynn C. Owens, Ph.D., Communication Dept. Chair and Associate Professor of Communication at William Peace University, a private four-year university located in downtown Raleigh, appeared on Time Warner Cable News on Thursday, March 6, 2014 to discuss recent findings in her jobs research.
Dr. Owens' research, "HELP WANTED: Mobile journalism skills required by top U.S. news companies," found that more than half of job postings in journalism required applicants to have skills in social media and/or mobile applications. Owens' research is the latest in a series of projects she has co-authored with Prof. Deb Wenger of the University of Mississippi. Their research won third place (the only U.S. submission to win) at the World Journalism Congress in 2012.
In the interview, Owens also discussed the importance of internships for students and the need for curriculum that better prepares students for an ever-evolving job market. She also mentioned WPU's continued documented success in regards to its students and internships, which include a 100% student internship rate for graduates and a recent No. 1 national ranking by U.S. News & World Report concerning internships.
For a look at the full interview with TWC News Anchor Marti Skold, click on the video link below:
Marti: College students looking to venture out in the work world of today need a new set of skills to get hired. Dr. Lynn Owens, a professor at William Peace University, has new research published that won an international award and joins us now with more. It's not like when we went to college, they need new skills, what are those skills?
Dr. Owens: What we're finding is that half the journalism job postings in 2012 wanted new hires to have social media skills, and to also be able to write news for mobile applications. So like you said, completely different from even five years ago.
Marti: But, is it because you are finding that people are getting their news in different ways?
Dr. Owens: Absolutely, more than 60% of Americans are on Facebook, and half of those get some form of news from Facebook. One in ten adults get there news from twitter, so the landscape is changing for how people are getting their news; and certainly young people, college students get most of their news from social media or from the internet.
Marti: So, for your courses that you're teaching, are there new courses available now that have those social media skills on an interactive platform?
Dr. Owens: Yes, at William Peace University we teach interactive and social media. It's taking the students personal experience with social media and teaching them how to use it in a professional way. So we can utilize what they already know, and use it for a company, and to their company's advantage.
Marti: Well, we are also seeing a lot of apps. Time Warner Cable News, our company, has a new app where people can see news anytime they need it, or Weather On The Ones or whatever. Could that be the wave of the future even for your students in your class right now?
Dr. Owens: It seems like that's where things are going certainly. So, as the news audience moves to mobile apps and social media to getting news, it's really up to the educators to teach our students those skills.
Marti: When you talked to the employers, you talked to how many of them?
Dr. Owens: We looked at 700 job postings, and then followed up with five different employers from different journalism companies.
Marti: And all of them needed the same set of skills?
Dr. Owens: Absolutely, they all have their eye on where things are going and that's what they need.
Marti: Okay, so when kids are going off to college, William Peace University has great social media classwork. In addition to that you guys have internships…
Dr. Owens: Absolutely, we're ranked No. 1 by U.S News and World Report for internships. All of our students are required to have an internship, and about 50 percent of them get jobs from their internships, a job offer. And so a lot of my students have told me that their employers want them being able to use social media, and having those skills has been really marketable for them. It's helped them out a lot.
Marti: Well thank you, we are looking forward to more research. You're continuing to do more, so we'll get you back when that comes out. Thank you so much, and good luck to you.


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Allen Nause, former artistic director of Artists Rep, has been wanting to direct Ayad Akhtar's political thriller—the plot encompasses Islamic terrorism and the global investment market—for s ...


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March 3, 2015 | Issue #843
1. AACC COMMENTS ON PROPOSED COLLEGE RATINGS SYSTEMOn February 17, AACC submitted comments to the U.S. Department of Education on the proposed college ratings framework. AACC opposes the proposed federal college ratings system. AACC also joined ACE and 24 other higher education associations on a letter about the ratings system. This community letter recognized the inherent difficulties of developing a ratings system that could provide accurate consumer information while spurring greater accountability.AACC Contact: David Baime 2. REGULATORY RELIEF LEGISLATION INTRODUCED IN HOUSERep. Virginia Foxx (R-NC), chair of the House Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training, introduced the Supporting Academic Freedom through Regulatory Relief Act (H.R. 970), on February 13. The bill would prohibit the Secretary of Education from regulating higher education institutions in a several areas. AACC, along with 23 other higher education groups, wrote to Capitol Hill in support of the legislation. The letter cites two pending administrative actions that colleges and universities find objectionable: the proposed college ratings framework and ED's teacher preparation system. AACC Contact: David Baime
3. DON'T MISS THE 95TH ANNUAL AACC CONVENTIONThe AACC Annual Convention is the professional development event of the year for education leaders. Network with your colleagues, learn about innovative community college programs, hear exciting speakers, and more at the AACC Annual Convention, April 18–21, 2015, in San Antonio, Texas. Register now and book your hotel room. AACC Contact: Angel Royal 4. REGISTER FOR PASIThe AACC Presidents Academy Summer Institute (PASI) is an annual professional development program for CEOs and presidents of community colleges, providing intensive focus on current challenges, emerging trends, and opportunities unique to that position. PASI will be held July 18–21, 2015, in Austin, Texas.AACC Contact: Jennifer Tinch
5. APPLY TO JOIN AN AACC COMMISSIONInterested in being more engaged with AACC? A commission might be just the thing for you. AACC is accepting applications for its six commissions until April 24. Go online to learn more about the commissions, and access an application. AACC Contact: Angel Royal 6. AACC CELEBRATES WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH In celebration of Women's History Month, AACC is looking for images of women in community colleges to showcase on the AACC website. Positive images depicting leadership, scholarship, and service will be highly considered. Images must be high resolution (300dpi) and sized to 730 (width) pixels x 284 (height) pixels. Include the college name and any photographer credits to be used. Please send no more than two images to Kevin Christian. AACC Contact: Kevin Christian
7. "PA CREATES FASTER TRACK TO COMPLETION"Pennsylvania's 14 community colleges launched College Credit FastTrack in February. It's the first statewide PLA initiative involving all colleges in a specific sector. Read more in Community College Daily. AACC Contact: Matt Dembicki 8. "EXPANDING A DEGREE PROGRAM WITH INDUSTRY SUPPORT"A college in Houston has successfully built a maritime program, with the help of local industry. Now, a new state-of-the-art facility aims to take the program to the next level. Read the article in 21st Century Center. AACC Contact: Angel Royal
9. "THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COMMUNITY COLLEGES"EMSI's economic impact study for AACC shows the net total impact of community colleges on the U.S. economy was $809 billion in 2012. This video breaks down that number.AACC Contact: Angel Royal 10. COMMUNITY COLLEGES AND SOLVING ESCALATING TEXTBOOK COSTSOver the past three decades college textbook prices have grown 812%. Register now for an interactive webinar to see how community colleges are approaching textbook affordability and how your institution can apply these best practices. The webinar will occur March 24, 2015, at 2:00 p.m. (ET). AACC Contact: Todd Cohen
11. COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS WEBINAR SERIES ON CREDIT FOR PRIOR LEARNINGACE invites you to participate in a free webinar on credit for prior learning, led by a group of seasoned practitioners from 2- and 4-year institutions across the nation. Join ACE on March 5 and March 10, 2015, at 2:00 p.m. (ET). For further information, contact Mary Beth Lakin. AACC Contact: Tammy Reichelt 12. FREE RESOURCE TO ASSIST IN RECRUITING WOMEN INTO STEM PROGRAMSDiscover what your female students want to know about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers and the importance of hearing from female role models in this free, downloadable guide developed by the National Institute for Women in Trades, Technology and Science. This guide is designed for educators who want to tackle low female enrollment in STEM courses and would like to increase the number of women in their STEM classrooms. AACC Contact: Ellen Hause 13. DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPSA new report by ACE identifies key issues in developing and implementing sound international partnerships, and explores strategies for addressing them effectively. Download it for free online. AACC Contact: Wayne Wheeler
14. PARTICIPATE IN A HELDRICH CENTER SURVEY ON WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENTGiven the challenges facing the workforce development system, it is essential that policymakers and practitioners have access to timely research about the programs and practices that are helping Americans gain employment. The John J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers University has launched an effort to develop a report that will identify gaps in current employment and training research. The center is seeking input from a broad range of stakeholders through an online survey. Participate by completing this brief online survey by March 27, 2015. AACC Contact: Tabitha Whissemore 15. ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS TO GRADUATION FOR POST-TRADITIONAL STUDENTS New research sheds light on how two approaches to creating alternative pathways to college graduation for post-traditional students are working. ACE's Center for Education Attainment and Innovation and Center for Policy Research and Strategy published two papers on alternate pathways to degree completion for post-traditional students with implications for the future of higher education. AACC Contact: Tammy Reichelt 16. NADOHE 2015 ANNUAL CONFERENCE The National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education (NADOHE) will hold its annual conference March 16–18, 2015, in Washington, DC. AACC members are invited to register at the NADOHE member rate. Programming of interest to community colleges will include a pre-conference institute about the value of the community colleges and the impact on college enrollment and completion of larger numbers of diverse students and their eventual transfer to 4-year colleges and universities. AACC Contact: Kevin Christian 17. GRANTS AVAILABLE FOR OVERSEAS PROJECTSThe Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad Program is accepting proposals for short-term grants for overseas projects in training, research, and curriculum development in modern foreign languages and area studies. Deadline to apply: March 23, 2015. AACC Contact: Wayne Wheeler 18. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE ON EQUITY, ACCESS, AND DIVERSITYThe NAPE Professional Development Institute (PDI) brings together the most current researchers and practitioners in equity, access, and diversity in education to share best practices and build a learning community through inspiring workshops and networking. The 2015 PDI will be held in Alexandria, Virginia, April 20–23, 2015. AACC Contact: Kevin Christian 19. NETWORK WITH WORLD LEADERS IN EDUCATIONEarly registration for the British Council's 2015 Going Global conference ends March 13. The conference will be held June 1–2 in London. Going Global provides a forum for world leaders in education to network, debate international tertiary education issues and challenges, and to discuss creative, collaborative solutions.AACC Contact: Wayne Wheeler 20. TEACHING MEN OF COLOR IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGEThe Minority Male Community College Collaborative released a new guidebook, Teaching Men of Color in the Community College. Order your copy online. AACC Contact: Kevin Christian 21. FREE WORKSHOP TO HELP COLLEGES ADDRESS THE CONCERNS OF VETERAN STUDENTSThe Center for Deployment Psychology offers a free workshop for college counselors who work with veteran students and want to understand their challenges and concerns in order to help them succeed. They will bring the training to your campus. For more details, visit, or contact Nicole Lindsay for more information.AACC Contact: Tabitha Whissemore
February 3
January 6
December 2
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October 7
Get your higher education events posted on AACC's Event Calendar. Send name of meeting, dates, location, contact phone, e-mail, and website link to Anna Miars at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Event Calendar
Community College Journal
Community College Daily


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Economics blogs
23 February 2015
16 February 2015
The main impacts of climate change are being felt by poor families, which means that poor women and men must be at the centre of the climate change finance debate
22 January 2015
As the rich and powerful gather in Davos, IIED director Camilla Toulmin urges a change in attitudes to taxation to tackle growing inequality
21 January 2015
As leaders from politics, business and civil society gather in the Swiss ski resort of Davos for the World Economic Forum, IIED's chief economist argues that "hope" is the most scarce resource
30 September 2014
Donors, governments and businesses need to collaborate more strategically to finance pro-poor energy access. This is a key message from a new IIED discussion paper Sharing the Load
16 September 2014
Our new interactive visualisation demonstrates the dynamics of urbanisation and economic growth in different countries. The visualisation shows that countries have very different dynamics from each other, which has implications for their economic, social and even environmental prospects.
23 July 2014
Conservation Trust Funds provide sustainable financing for long-term conservation. Guest blogger Ann Marie Steffa Avila looks at the work of the Latin American and Caribbean Network of Environmental Funds (RedLAC) in supporting grass roots projects. She explains how the funds operate and looks at a project to fund six ecotourism organisations
29 April 2014
After several years of negotiations, a framework has been agreed to compensate developing nations for avoiding deforestation. IIED hosted a conference to examine what happens now
4 April 2014
Progressive countries, including some of the world's poorest, are acting to green their economies and build resilience to climate change
28 March 2014
What's next for schemes that pay communities to protect local ecosystems? This is what leading researchers and practitioners in the field came together to discuss at IIED's conference in Edinburgh last week


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Celebrity Central / Top 25 Celebs
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Credit: Pacific Coast News
Published: Monday September 09, 2013 18:00 PM EDT
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Bulldozing History – How the Eagle and Lamb became extinct
How The Eagle and The Lamb became extinct in Ely, Cambridgeshire, and how my ancestors survived it. Continue reading
Posted in Cross, Ely, Moden, Taylor Tagged 31 Cambridge Road, A&B Hall, Barton Road, Cambridge Road, Charles Scarr, demolition, Eagle Brewery, Edward Moden, Ely, George Cross, Mary Ann Moden, Morgan's Brewery Co Ltd, Pub, Public House, Richard Ingrey, Sabina Steadman Taylor, shop, Susan Jane Moden, The Eagle and Lamb, Vines Cross, William Lemon 6 Comments


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The Battle Of Jericho
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The Battle Of Jericho composed by Public Domain. Arranged by Gerald Brown. For SATB choir (piano accompaniment). Spiritual, Concert. Main Key: E Minor. Spiritual and Sacred. Difficulty: Medium Advanced (Jr. High/High School) or Medium (Adult). Octavo. 12 pages. Duration 2 minutes 1 second. Published by Hinshaw Music Inc. (HI.HMC635).
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Issue 28 of MATTE magazine features photos by New York-based artist Pixy (Yijun Liao) from the series Experimental Relationship, which challenges preconceived notions of heterosexual relationships
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