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A facility is provided for generating from a series of parameters (factors) and their respective values (levels) inputted by a user a plurality of test cases using an orthogonal array selected from a library of such arrays, in which the selection is optimized by characterizing the arrays by respective cumulative level vectors and converting the user input into a cumulative level input vector. The smallest array for generating the test cases is then selected on the basis that the values of the input vector are no larger than the corresponding values of the cumulative level vector characterizing the selected array.
1. An arrangement for generating test cases to evaluate a design or operation of a particular apparatus, said arrangement comprising
a library of orthogonal arrays, said arrays being characterized in said library by respective cumulative level vectors,
means, responsive to receipt of a plurality of factors each having a respective number of levels, for generating a plurality of values each defining the number of said factors having the same number of said levels, arranging said values in a predetermined order to form a series of values, and then generating a cumulative level input vector as a function of said series, and
means for selecting from said library one of said arrays and for then generating said test cases using said selected array, said selection being based on a predetermined relationship between each of the values forming said cumulative level input vector and corresponding values of the cumulative level vector characterizing said selected array.
2. The arrangement set forth in claim 1 wherein said relationship is based on the values forming said cumulative level input vector being no larger than said corresponding values.
3. The arrangement set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for generating said test cases includes means responsive to receipt from a user of said arrangement a predetermined software command for associating said command with each of said test cases and for then outputting to an output device the resulting test cases.
4. The arrangement set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for generating said input vector and said means for selecting and generating are respective segments of a software program implemented on a computer.
5. The arrangement set forth in claim 1 wherein at least one of said received factors may be associated with a predetermined number of different sets of said levels each depending on the levels associated with another one of said received factors and wherein said means for generating said test cases includes means for accounting for said dependency as said test cases are being generated.
6. The arrangement set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said orthogonal arrays is defined by a predetermined number of factors each associated with a respective number of levels and wherein each of said cumulative level vectors is derived as a function of the factors and associated levels defining the respective one of said arrays.
7. The arrangement set forth in claim 6 wherein said means for generating said test cases includes means for adding at least one dummy level to at least one of the factors if the number of said received levels associated with that factor is less than the closest corresponding number of levels that is served by said selected array.
8. A method of generating test cases to evaluate a design or operation of a particular apparatus, said method comprising the steps of
maintaining a library of orthogonal arrays, said arrays being characterized in said library by respective cumulative level vectors,
responding to receipt of a plurality of factors each having a respective number of levels by generating a plurality of values each defining the number of said factors having the same number of levels, arranging said values in a predetermined order to form a series of values, and generating a cumulative level input vector as a function of said series of values, and
selecting from said library one of said arrays and then generating said test cases using said selected array, in which said selection is based on a predetermined relationship between the values of said series and corresponding values of the cumulative level vector characterizing said selected array.
The invention relates to the testing of electronic devices and software programs and more particularly relates to generating an optimal set of test cases to perform such testing.
There is always a need for testing the design of a product, such as an electronic device, software program, etc., to verify that the product consistently performs its intended function before it is offered for sale. Briefly, testing a new design may be thought of as performing a matrix of experiments consisting of a set of independent parameters whose levels or values are changed from one experiment to the next and recording the results. The results are then analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the particular design. In the past, the test factors and levels required to adequately test a particular product were devised by the designer, relying solely on his/her knowledge of the specific design and its resulting behavior. However, as a result of electronic devices and software programs becoming more complex, the task of devising such test factors and the values that each factor should employ as well as which combinations thereof to use has become increasingly difficult. Accordingly, the testing phase of a product now consumes approximately 30-40% of the total development effort and is, therefore, becoming a significant cost component in the price of such devices and software.
To address this problem, designers are now employing different methods to help simplify the generation of test patterns (cases). One such method employs what is commonly referred to as orthogonal arrays. Orthogonal arrays, also known as Latin Squares, have been used one way or another since the days of Euler, and, more recently, have proved to be effective in generating test cases for testing software down to a fault level of, for example, two faults per million lines of code.
To use orthogonal arrays, a designer maps, for example, a software command, into a 2-tuple (matrix) defining the number of factors (parameters) for the command and the number of levels associated with each factor. The designer then manually searches through a library of orthogonal arrays to hopefully match the 2-tuple with an optimal orthogonal array. Therein lies the problem, since it is often the case that the designer may not recognize which one of the orthogonal arrays optimally covers the 2-tuple. As a result, the designer may end up selecting an inefficient array, rather than the array that is optimally suited for generating the desired test cases.
An advancement over the prior art is achieved by providing a test generation tool which selects, based on test parameters (factors) and their associated values (levels) inputted by the user of the tool, the smallest orthogonal array optimally suited for generating the associated test cases. The tool then goes on to generate and output to an output device, such as, for example, a computer monitor, the associated set of test cases. Thus, all that the user needs to do is to enter test factors and their associated levels.
Specifically, the selection of an orthogonal array is optimized, in accordance with an aspect of the invention, by characterizing each of the orthogonal arrays by a respective cumulative level vector and forming the user's input into a respective cumulative level input vector. The smallest orthogonal array optimally suited for generating the test cases is then selected based on a predetermined relationship between the input vector and the cumulative level vector characterizing the selected array. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, the relationship may be based on, for example, that the values of the input vector are no larger than corresponding values of the cumulative vector associated with the selected array.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 illustrates a library of well-known orthogonal arrays that may be used in the practice of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates in table form various factors and levels associated with a fictitious experiment;
FIG. 3 illustrates the manner in which a number of factors and respective levels characterizing a particular one of the arrays of FIG. 1 may be converted into a cumulative level vector, in accordance with the principles of the invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates the manner in which the factors and levels of FIG. 2 may be converted into a cumulative level input vector, in accordance with the principles of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows the library of FIG. 1 in alternate form;
FIG. 6 shows a computer arrangement in which the present invention may be illustratively implemented;
FIG. 7 illustrates the manner in which a user enters into the arrangement of FIG. 6 the factors and levels associated with a particular experiment;
FIG. 8 illustrates one of the arrays listed in the library of FIGS. 1 and 5;
FIG. 9 shows in table form the test cases that are generated using the array of FIG. 8, in which the test cases are generated in accordance with the principles of the invention;
FIGS. 10-12 illustrate an example of generating test cases in the case where there is dependency between the levels of different test factors;
FIGS. 13-14 illustrate an actual application of the present invention;
FIGS. 15-16 shows in flow chart form the program which implements the invention in the computer arrangement of FIG. 6; and
FIG. 17 shows the manner in which FIGS. 15-16 should be arranged.
To select one of a plurality of standard orthogonal arrays, a user must first define at least (a) the number of factors (parameters) to be tested and (b) the number of levels for each such factor. (It is noted that hereinafter the terms "parameter" and "factor" will be used interchangeably and the terms "level" and "value" will also be used interchangeably.) Following the foregoing, the user then determines the total number of degrees of freedom to define the minimum number of experiments that need to be conducted to study all of the selected control factors. The number of degrees of freedom associated with a factor is equal to one less than the number of levels chosen for that factor. In addition, one degree of freedom is associated with the overall mean regardless of the number of control factors that will be used to formulate the test cases.
For example, assume that a particular project (experiment) calls for seven 2-level factors. The total number of degrees of freedom for the experiment is then eight-one for the overall mean, and seven for the 2-level factors ((i.e., 7�(2-1)).
Turning now to FIG. 1, there is shown a TABLE 1 identifying a number of different orthogonal arrays. Specifically, TABLE 1 identifies the total number of rows and columns in each of the identified arrays as well as the manner in which respective levels are distributed across the columns. For example, the orthogonal array identified as L4 has four rows and three columns, in which each of the columns has two levels. As a further example, the array identified as L16a2 has 16 rows and 13 columns, in which 12 of the columns each have two levels and in which one column has four levels.
In order for a particular orthogonal array to be a viable choice in defining a set of test cases, the number of rows of the array must be at least equal to the number of degrees of freedom calculated for the particular experiment. Thus, in the case of the above example having eight degrees of freedom, the array identified as L8 would be the most viable choice, since it has eight rows and seven columns with each column having two-levels.
As another illustrative example, assume that an experiment has one 2-level factor, three 3-level factors and one 5-level factor, as depicted in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, the letters shown in the column labeled "LEVELS" represent respective values that may be assumed by the associated factors. For example, factor F2 may take one of two values represented by d and D, respectively. For this experiment the number of degrees of freedom equals twelve ((2-1)+3(3-1)+(5-1)+1). Since the experiment has twelve degrees of freedom, it would appear that an orthogonal array having at least twelve rows would be the most viable choice for specifying an optimal set of test cases. The library shown in FIG. 1 lists only one array having twelve rows, namely array L12. Although array L12 would be a good choice for specifying the test cases for those experiments having eleven 2-level factors, it would not be good choice for the experiment of FIG. 2, since array L12 cannot be used to specify test cases for factors having 3 levels and factors having 5 levels. Accordingly, the designer would have to consider using a larger array.
However, an examination of the library of FIG. 1 does not readily reveal which one of the arrays identified therein would be the best choice for an experiment having one 2-level factor, three 3-level factors and one 5-level factor. Therein lies the nub of the problem, i.e., which one of the orthogonals arrays should the designer select to generate an optimal set of test cases for the presumed experiment. We have found that, typically, the selection of an array is not an easy task and requires the designer to be well versed in orthogonal arrays. Moreover, we have investigated ways of automating the process, in which all that the designer would have to do is to enter the number of factors and their respective levels into automated equipment via, for example, a computer keyboard. The automated equipment would then select an optimal orthogonal array and generate the test case using the selected array.
However, we have found that the design of the algorithm that selects the array proved to be complex and subject to the failure.
The problem of selecting an orthogonal array may be greatly simplified, however, by, in accordance with an aspect of the invention, transforming the values of the levels specified for the arrays listed in FIG. 1 into what we call Cumulative Level Vectors (CLV). Specifically, we treat the values of the levels specified for a given array as an array vector. We then generate a respective CLV from the array vector. That is, the first value of a CLV is the first value of the array vector. The first value of the CLV is then added to the second value of the array vector to generate the second value of the CLV. The second value of the CLV is then added to the third value of the array vector to generate the third value of the CLV. The third value of the CLV is then added to the fourth value of the array vector to generate the fourth value of the CLV and so on. Thus, the last value of the CLV is accumulated with the next value of the array vector to generate the next value of the CLV.
The foregoing process is depicted in FIG. 3, which graphically shows how the array vector 06001 representing orthogonal array L18a2 is converted into a respective CLV, 77111. One important property of a CLV is that it readily identifies the manner in which the various factor levels, two through six, may be distributed across the number of factors supported by the respective orthogonal array. For example, the CLV 77111 for array L18a2 indicates that the seven factors supported by that array may be used in an experiment having, for example, seven 2-level factors, or seven 3-level factors, or one 4-level factor, one 5-level factor and one 6-level factor, respectively.
In addition, we also convert the various factor levels that may be specified for a particular experiment into a cumulative level vector to further simplify the search for the optimal array. To differentiate between the CLV for an orthogonal array and a CLV defining the levels of respective factors (input vector) associated with an experiment, we designate the latter as CLV-E. In particular, a CLV-E is generated from the input vector in same manner as a CLV is generated for a respective orthogonal array. For example, FIG. 4 depicts, in alternate form, the input vector for the experiment shown in FIG. 2. As mentioned above, the input vector for the experiment specifies one 2-level factor, three 3-level factors and one 5-level factor (13010). As shown in the FIG., the resulting CLV-E is 54110, which is obtained by applying the cumulative level procedure, discussed above, to the input vector 13010.
To further facilitate the matching of a CLV-E with an optimal orthogonal array, the array vectors shown for the orthogonal arrays listed in TABLE 1 of FIG. 1 are replaced by their respective CLV vectors, as shown in FIG. 5. It is readily apparent from FIG. 5 that orthogonal array L18a2 would be the optimum choice for specifying the test cases for the experiment of FIG. 2. The reason for this is that the CLV-E (54110) derived for the experiment is optimally covered by the CLV (77111) derived for array L18a2. That is, each digit of the CLV-E is no larger than the corresponding digit of the CLV. Thus, the search for an optimal orthogonal array is greatly simplied as a result of converting the array vectors into respective CLV vectors and as a result of converting the input vector into a respective CLV-E vector.
It can be readily appreciated from the foregoing that the search for an optimal orthogonal array may be readily automated such that all that a user (e.g., circuit or software designer) has to do is to input an input vector. The automatic means-illustratively a computer-will then search a stored library of orthogonal arrays, such as the library of FIG. 5, select the optimal orthogonal array based on the input vector and output the array of test cases. Advantageously then, the designer needs no prior knowledge of orthogonal arrays in order to generate an optimal set of test cases.
Turning then to FIG. 6, there is shown computer 10, which is arranged to automate the selection of an optimal orthogonal array and generate respective test cases based on the selected array. Computer 10 may be, for example, the HP 9000/860 available from the well-known Hewlet-Packard company. In our arrangement, the HP 9000/860 operates under the control of a particular operating system, such as, for example, the well-known UNIX� operating system. Alternatively, computer 10 could be a so-called personal computer, such as, for example, the PC6300 plus available from AT&T. Specifically, to generate a set of test cases for a particular experiment the user invokes a test case generation tool, which implements the invention on computer 10. The user does this by entering via keyboard 15 a respective command in response to a prompt that computer 10 displays on display 20, the command being, for example, OATS (i.e., orthogonal array test system). The user then proceeds to enter the factors and their respective levels as well as the identity of the associated parameters, as shown in FIG. 7.
FIG. 7 illustrates the manner in which the user enters the data associated with the experiment of FIG. 2. In particular, the user enters the term "FACTOR" and, at the next prompt, enters a TAB (represented by the solid line) and then enters the term "NAME" followed by the name of the factor, which, in the present case, is F1. At the next prompt (>), the user enters a TAB, then the term "order" followed by a number identifying the order that the associated factor, e.g., F1, is to be entered on the command line of the associated test case. In the present instance, factor F1 would be ordered first on the command line, as indicated by the value of 1. At the next prompt, the user enters a TAB followed by the term "Levels". The user then enters the value for each level associated with the named factor. As noted above, factor F1 is one of three 3-level factors. Accordingly, the user enters for that factor, via keyboard 15, three levels identified by the values 0, 1 and 2, in which each such level is followed by its respective value. As seen in the FIG., the user has entered the values a, b and c for factor F1. The user then enters the levels and parameters associated with the remaining factors, as shown in the FIG.
As an aspect of the invention, the user may associate the test case data that he/she enters with a particular command. The user does this simply by entering (a) the term "command" (b) the type of command (e.g., "ctype"--"main") and (c) the identity of the particular command (e.g., "cmd"--"xyz"). It is noted that the command "xyz" is a fictitious command. The user then enters "control D" representing the end of the input file. (It is noted that each solid line depicted in the FIG. represents the entry of a keyboard tab, as mentioned above.)
Responsive to the input, the test case generation tool (hereinafter "tool") forms the input vector and converts it to a CLV-E vector. Armed with the latter vector, the tool then searches through the library depicted in FIG. 5 to select the orthogonal array that is optimally suited for generating the respective test cases (which library is stored in the memory of computer 10). (As mentioned above, the optimal orthogonal array is the smallest array in which the value of each digit of the CLV-E is no larger than the value of the corresponding digit of the associated CLV.) Accordingly, the tool will select orthogonal array L18a2 as the optimal array for generating the test cases.
Turning then to FIG. 8, there is shown orthogonal array L18a2, which the tool may unload from the memory of computer 10. It is noted that row 0, which is shown at the bottom of the array and which is not part of the array, notes the largest value in the associated column and, as will soon be explained, is used to aid the tool in assigning the named factors inputted by the user to respective columns of the array. For example, the value six in row 0 indicates that the highest level contained in column 1 of the array is a six. The remaining values of three in row 0 indicate that the highest level contained in columns 1 through 7 is a three, respectively.
Accordingly, the tool uses the information provided in row 0 to quickly assign factors to respective columns. In doing so, the tool starts with--illustratively column 7--and proceeds to the left towards column 1. However, before proceeding in that manner, the tool first assigns factor F5 to column 1, since that column is the only column in the array having a sufficient number of levels to cover the five levels associated with factor F5. The tool then assigns the next lower levels, namely, factors F1, F3 and F4 each having three levels to columns one, two and three, respectively. The tool then assigns the next lower level, namely, factor F2 having two levels, to column four. The tool then generates the respective cases using columns 2 and 4 through 7 of array L18a2. It is noted, however, that column 1 serves six levels while factor F5 has only five levels. To handle this case, the tool is arranged, in accordance with an aspect of the invention, to increase factor F5 to six levels by padding factor F5 with a so-called dummy level and assigning a predetermined parameter to the padded level. In our arrangement, when a factor needs to be padded with a dummy level, then we assign to that level one of the parameters already associated with the respective factor, as shown in FIG. 9.
Specifically, FIG. 9 shows the eighteen test cases that the tool has generated employing the orthogonal array of FIG. 8. It is seen that for each level six in column 1 (rows 16 through 18) of the array, the tool has padded those levels with a dummy level, namely, the value "W" associated with factor F5. It is also seen from the FIG. that the tool has also inserted a dummy level in column four assigned to factor F2 (a two-level factor) in each row representing level three.
When the tool generates the test cases, it then displays them on display 20. At that point, the user may then direct computer 10 to execute the test cases in connection with the associated fictitious "XYZ" command to test a particular software program or circuitry. Alternatively, the user may direct computer 10 to store the test cases in a file for later use. (It is noted that the total number of possible test combinations that may be derived for the input vector associated with the experiment of FIG. 2 is 270. However, that number is reduced to just 18 test cases using orthogonal array L18a2.)
As an aspect of the invention, the user may specify more than one set of parameters for a particular factor and make each such set dependent on a respective value associated with another factor of the experiment. For example, FIG. 10 illustrates an experiment in which three sets of four values, each set 901 through 903 is specified for factor F3. In the experiment, it is assumed that the three sets of parameters 901 through 903 are respectively dependent on the three values specified for factor F3.
When the user inputs via keyboard 15 the factors and their respective levels, the aforementioned tool will select orthogonal array L25 as being the optimal array for generating the respective test cases. A portion of array L25 is shown in FIG. 11. In the manner discussed above, the tool assigns factors F1 through F4 to columns 6, 5, 4 and 3, respectively, of array L25. The tool then generates the respective test cases, as shown in FIG. 12. It is seen from FIGS. 11 and 12 that test case No. 1 calls for first level values. Accordingly, the tool inserts the first level value of each of the associated factors in their respective columns. In doing so, the tool selects the first level value, namely, value "0", from set 901, since that set depends from the first level value "f" of factor F2. Experiment No. 2 (test case No. 2), on the other hand, specifies second level values for columns 3 through 6. Accordingly, the tool in generating test case No. 2 selects the second level value, namely, value "1" from set 902, since that set depends from the second level value "g" of factor F2. It is also seen that for experiment No. 7, columns 3 and 4 call for a three and five level value, respectively. In the respective test case No. 7, the tool has inserted the value "h" as a dummy value for the fifth level value padded onto factor F2 and has inserted the fourth level value "8" of set 903 for factor F3, since set 903 depends from value "h" of factor F2.
The practicality of our invention may be shown by way of example illustrating the generation of test cases used to test a particular capability associated with a network of nodes, as shown in FIG. 12, that is, to remotely control the operation of status alarms associated with respective ones of the nodes. Each of the nodes 1201 through 1207 is a facility operations system that monitors the operation of respective telephone facilities (not shown) and reports various results, i.e., alarm conditions, to a central location. Nodes 1201 through 1207 are interconnected to each other using a so-called ring topology, with equipment, such as, for example, the AT&T DATAKIT virtual circuit switch. As an added aspect, the test needed to account for the possibility that the network would increase, sometime in the future, to, for example, nine nodes (1208 and 1209, not shown). Accordingly, the experiment comprises nine factors F1 through F9 each having two levels, one level being used to turn on the alarms at a node and the other level being used to turn off the alarms. It is noted that all possible combinations of nine 2-level factors would comprise 512 different test cases.
However, the number of test cases decreases to just twelve test cases when they are generated in accordance with the invention, i.e., as a result of selecting orthogonal array L12 as the optimal choice, as shown in FIG. 14. The value of "one" for a particular test case indicates that an alarm associated with a particular node, such as node 1201, represented by factor 1, is placed in an active (on) state. The value of "two" indicates that that alarm is placed in an inactive (off) state.
Referring now to FIG. 15, there is shown the program in flow chart form detailing the logic which implements the invention in computer 10. Upon being invoked, the program proceeds to block 1501 where it initializes various parameters, pointers, etc., internal to the program. The program then proceeds to block 1502 where it checks to see if the library of orthogonal arrays (FIG. 1) is stored in the memory of computer 10. The program proceeds to block 1505 if it finds that to be the case. Otherwise, the program proceeds to block 1503. At block 1503, the program outputs to display 20 an error and then exits via block 1504.
At block 1505, the program stores a copy of the library of orthogonal arrays (O.A.) in local memory, such as so-called RAM memory, and then proceeds to block 1506. At block 1506, the program creates the CLV version (i.e., the library shown in FIG. 5) of the O.A. library obtained at block 1505. (It is noted that, alternatively, a copy of the latter library could be stored in memory and obtained at block 1505, thereby eliminating the program step of block 1506.) In addition, at block 1506, the program reads the data that is being entered by the user, and then proceeds to block 1507 when the user inputs an end of file (i.e., control d).
At block 1507, the program checks the user's input to see if there is a dependency between parameters. If the program finds that to be case, then it creates links between between the parameters in preparation of generating the test cases. The program then proceeds to block 1208 where it forms an input vector from the user's input and then forms the associated CLV-E vector. The program then searches the CLV library created at block 1506 to locate an optimal orthogonal array. At block 1509, the program checks the results of its search and proceeds to block 1510 if it finds that it could not locate an optimal array. Otherwise, it proceeds to block 1512.
At block 1510, the program outputs to display 20 a message suggesting a way that the user may modify the input so that an optimal array may be selected. For example, the program may suggest that at least one level be deleted from one of the input factors. The suggestion is made on the basis that the deleted level could be tested as a separate test case formulated by, for example, the user. The program then exits via block 1511.
At block 1513, the program reads in from main memory, such as ROM memory, a copy of the selected orthogonal array and stores the copy in temporary memory, such as RAM memory. The program then proceeds to block 1513 where it assigns the factors inputted by the user to individual ones of the array columns. The program does this in the manner discussed above. The program then proceeds to block 1514. At block 1514, the program reads a row of levels from the selected O.A. and then proceeds to block 1515. At block 1515, the program checks to see if it has reached the end of the O.A., thereby indicating that the task of generating the respective test cases has been completed. The program exits via block 1517 if it finds that to be the case. Otherwise, it proceeds to block 1516 where it generates, in the manner discussed above, the associated test case using the dependency links that the program may have created at block 1507. The program then outputs the test case to display 20 and then proceeds to block 1514 to generate the next test case using the next row of levels of the selected O.A.
Although a specific embodiment of the invention is shown and described herein, such merely illustrates the principles of the invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to devise other arrangements which, although not specifically shown or described herein, nevertheless embody those principles.
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Barcelona - Day 3
Today, we toured the absolutely magnificent Sagrada Familia church designed by Gaudi that is still under construction and will be for the next two decades.
Antoni Gaudi was the driving force behind this architectural wonder until his untimely death via a collision with a tram on June 7, 1926. Gaudi was a very deeply religious ...
A day in Barcelona
... curvilinear Art Nouveau forms. Gaudí devoted his last years to the project, and at the time of his death at age 73 in 1926 less than a quarter of the project was complete. Sagrada Família's construction progressed slowly, as it relied on private donations and was interrupted by the Spanish Civil War, only to resume intermittent progress in the 1950s. Construction passed the midpoint in 2010 with some of the project's greatest challenges remaining and an ...
Barcelona/cruise day 6
... We then went to play Mickey Mania, and karl and mark got picked to play as the Pluto team. The audience could provide help sometimes, so Kurt and I did that, leading the Pluto team to a crushing 200 point victory! So naturally we were a,l super psyched to win... But we aren't super competitive, it's just for fun, right? No, ********, it's about winning and we won the DCL glass trophy!! Ok, it's probably plexiglass, but whatever! We still won it! :) Karl was tired so we ...
Hola Barcelona!
... After the tour we were dropped off at Sagrada Familia, one of the biggest and best churches in the world. Started in the 1800's or something it was estimated to take 750 years to build!! Since then that's been dramatically reduced and it's meant to be complete in 2026. Even though it's not finished it was still breathtaking to see the size and detail in the stones and statues. Looking over the city it just towers over everything it's so crazy. The line to ...
Grand theft auto - Barca style
... started spurting from the numerous jets around the fountain the crowd swarmed in and the entire edge of the fountain was filled with spectators. For 2 hours we sat on the edge of the fountain oooooing and aaaaaaing at the water as it danced to different kinds of music from classical to modern to television sitcom tunes! The water was also lit up with lights which changed colours and transitioned from pink to red to yellow to green. It was really beautiful to see and one of ...


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I recently made my first order with MJM Magic, and I wish I had found their store earlier!!! Jeff, and his wonderful staff, make purchasing magic via...Read More ->
This is by far my favorite website to buy magic from. Free and FAST shipping (last time took only 3 days) and the lowest prices are what make it so...Read More ->


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£33.50 - £44.00
Black XS L'Excès For Her Eau de Parfum
Item No.1171899119
Inspired by the original Black XS Rock'n'Roll fragrance, the new intense scent evokes the rebellious and provocative rock attitude...to excess! Black XS L'Exces for Her is an excessively sensual oriental floral, with top notes of neroli and black peper, jasmin and rose absolute in the heart, and an addictive base of cashmere wood and patchouli.
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Top notes: neroli and black peper, Heart notes: jasmin and rose absolute, Base notes: cashmere wood and patchouli


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42" or 48" Range Hood? Need to decide today!
Hello. I need some quick help! After many dead-ends, we've finally decided on a Prestige classic pyramid style range hood. Now I need to pick the size. The hood is going over a 36" six burner Wolf range top. Cabinetry below is custom white shaker style. Ceiling is 10' to the peak. The entire wall to the peak will be tiled in a khaki tone handmade subway tile. Open shelving on the right will match the white cabinets. No other uppers on that wall. A 36" wide dark walnut topped island will be approximately 45" from the range top.
Here are a couple drawings my husband did showing the 42 vs. 48 Prestige hood. The 42" hood has a 15" chimney, the 48" has an 18" chimney. Any opinions? I need to order the hood by tonight to take advantage of a sale. I will post the pictures separately--I'm having trouble with photobucket and I need to get to work!
Are you mainly concerned with the aesthetic? Because I am installing a 36 inch Wolf range and my kitchen designer and appliance person both recommended a 42 inch hood with powerful blower for functionality. Hard to tell if the 48 unch might look too overwhelming or not.
I totally prefer the smaller 42" one. The larger one with its larger chimney will take over your kitchen. Since you are going to the trouble and expense of putting in all that tile, why diminish the tile with a hood that is oversized for the proportion of your rangetop.
Wow, the opinions are split! Turns out the sale was extended, so I have a couple more days to decide. Still leaning towards the 48". Is a 48" hood really considered oversized for a 36" rangetop? I thought the recommendation was a hood with 3-6" overhang one either side of the range. My thinking with the larger hood is that without any upper cabinets, the hood should be a focal point. No?
The recommendation for hood size is 3" on either side of the range, or 6" total.
I suggest you should make an outline with painters tape on your kitchen wall of the larger hood and chimney. Tape aluminum foil inside the outline to give you an idea of the stainless steel hood and chimney, and then see if the 48" size is too big. I think 48" is too big, but there's nothing like seeing a facsimile in your actual kitchen to give you a better idea.
I like the 42" one. But it seems to be mounted too high, unless it just looks that way because the rangetop is not in. The bottom of the hood should be approx. 30" from the top of the rangetop. What is the distance for your arrangement? If the hood is too high, it will lose effectiveness, and you will have spent all that money for a less effective hood than it could have been.
As an OT side note - have your electrician turn your wall receptacles horizontally. They will then fit better with your subway tiles. Also, try to install them as low as local Code will allow. For me, it was a minimum of 4" from countertop to center of receptacle. Local Codes differ on this distance, and some Codes have no ruling at all about it. Your electrician will know. There are pics I've seen on this forum where the receptacles are practically on top of the countertop, but my electrician stayed with the 4" to center distance. The advantage to lower receptacles is that they can be well-hidden by paper towel holder, coffee maker, radio, etc. and not be so intrusive in your beautiful backsplash.
This post was edited by akchicago on Thu, Mar 21, 13 at 8:38


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Song of the Day: Erika Jayne - "One Hot Pleasure"
A sign of a true artist is one who can morph a trend to fit their aesthetic - take a sound of the moment and adapt it to make it their own. Two years ago, a Jamaican artist name Tami Chynn worked with Red One and Lady Gaga to produce several pop masterpieces ("Hypnotica" and "Frozen") that were shamefully ignored by the mainstream. Working with electropop siren Erika Jayne is a new hit factory - Dave Aude and Luciana. Coming off a string of four consecutive club chart number ones ("Rollercoaster," "Star," "Give You Everything, and "Pretty Mess") from her debut album, Erika launches her new cd with "One Hot Pleasure" an effervescent piece of electropop. Borrowing from the mashup culture, the song combines Ke$ha's bravado, Kaci's playfullness and Luciana's swagger while throwing in a bit of classic "French Kiss" and "I Feel Love" for a classy erotic twist. Yet with all these different influences, its clearly an Erika Jayne song and the video feels like a continuation from the "Pretty Mess" clip. With a new cd on the way, I am sure that Erika will have many more "hot pleasures" for clubland.
One Hot Pleasure Video - Yahoo
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One Hot Pleasure Video - Yahoo
Read more by CLICKING HERE
More from erikajaynemusic
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Our new devotional "If God Loves Me, Why Did I Lose My Job?" explores the struggle of unemployment. Sign up here.
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When I was just a little girl, I asked my mother, what will I be?
We lived happily forever, so the story goes.
Meadham Kirchhoff and tacky school dances and lots and lots of candy.
Hi, queen people! April's theme is BOTH SIDES NOW, which considers the many different answers to THE BIG QUESTIONS, whatever those are for you. If you've got a project or pitch about seeing things in a whole new light, please email it to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Rookie is a website for teenage girls. With monthly-themed content, we update three times every weekday, and once a day on weekends. Click here to find out where to send stuff you'd like us to see. Learn about the people who write this thing here.


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Photo by SquashPics.com ∞
Racket: Harrow Stealth
Shoes: Asics Gel Blade 3
Squash Equipment News
Photo by SquashPics.com ∞
Racket: Harrow Stealth
Shoes: Asics Gel Blade 3
Hey it's the Harrow Stealth.
Weight: Medium (145 grams strung)
Balance: Head heavy (37.5 cm)
Strings: Ashaway Supernick XL Micro
Image via holabirdsports.com
LJ Anjema just started playing with this racket at the 2014 Dutch Squash Championships — a nice scoop from SquashSite.
Photo via squash365.com
Affiliate Links
Here are some affiliate links to buy this product. If you do buy through one of my links, I will get a small commission. Thanks!
Here's the Harrow Stealth Camo. Funky design. Not sure what this would camouflage you from. Maybe it would help you blend into a scene from Frozen. Ice castle!
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England's Nick Matthew won the 2013 HK Open over Borja Golan of Spain, who was appearing in his first PSA World Series final. Ramy Ashour was back in action, but had to pull out in the quarterfinals due to injury. By virtue of his victory, Nick will regain the world #1 ranking.
Mohamed El Shorbagy won the 2013 Qatar Classic — his first major PSA tournament victory — beating Nick Matthew in a tense 5 gamer.
Here are my equipment notes from the event. I've also included all the PSA Squash TV video roundups at the bottom.
The 2013 World Squash Championships just concluded in Manchester, with England's Nick Matthew claiming the title in a tense 5 games over Greg Gaultier of France.
Here are photos of all the players from the event, including the equipment they used. All photos are by Steve Cubbins for SquashSite, except for the cover photo, which is by Kavitha Aruljothi.


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Oklahoma business briefs for March 6, 2015
Published: Thu, Mar 5, 2015
Oklahoma business briefs for March 6, 2015
Oklahoma average unemployment rate down in 2014
From Staff Reports | Published: Thu, Mar 5, 2015
Jobless rates declined nationwide for the U.S. Oklahoma's annual average unemployment rate dropped to 3.9 percent in 2014.
Oklahoma business briefs for March 3
Published: Tue, Mar 3, 2015
Oklahoma business briefs for March 3, 2015
Study finds jobs are moving downtown in Oklahoma City and other metro areas
By Steve Lackmeyer, Business Writer | Published: Sun, Mar 1, 2015
The number of people living near Oklahoma City's urban core also is on the rise.
Two energy sector companies qualify for job creation incentives through Oklahoma Quality Jobs Program
By Brianna Bailey, Business Writer | Published: Sat, Feb 28, 2015
Companies aim to bring up to 127 new jobs to Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Family and Medical Leave Act rights expanded for same-sex couples
BY PAULA BURKES | Updated: Fri, Feb 27, 2015
Charlie Plumb, of Oklahoma City law firm McAfee & Taft, discusses updates to federal guidelines that make the treatment of same-sex couples more consistent under the Family and Medical Leave Act.
Oklahoma City property could dodge a hard slam from oil price slide
BY RICHARD MIZE, Real Estate Editor | Updated: Thu, Feb 26, 2015
Office and industrial landlords expect reduced leasing activity in Oklahoma City but no drastic kick back of space onto the markets for leasable space, according to brokers at an annual commercial realty conference.
Disabled employees historically among best workers, Edmond specialist says
BY PAULA BURKES | Updated: Thu, Feb 26, 2015
Human resources professional Gayla Sherry, of Edmond, discusses common myths myths about hiring people with disabilities.
Oklahoma City personal concierge service finds success
By Brianna Bailey, Business Writer | Updated: Tue, Feb 24, 2015
Lifesquire founder Valerie Riley hopes to franchise the Oklahoma City-based concierge concept in other cities.
Range Resources closes Oklahoma City office with loss of 100 jobs
By Paul Monies, Business Writer | Updated: Thu, Feb 19, 2015
Range Resources Corp., the Fort Worth, Texas-based oil and natural gas producer, shut its Oklahoma City office on Tuesday with the loss of 100 jobs. The company offered one-third of the affected employees transfers to other Range Resources offices.
Analysis crucial when hiring workers with criminal records
BY PAULA BURKES | Updated: Thu, Feb 19, 2015
Crowe's Mary Snyder discusses anti-discriminatory and other guidelines for hiring employees with past convictions.
Enable Midstream plans to cut 10 percent of workforce amid lower oil prices
By Paul Monies, Business Writer | Updated: Mon, Feb 16, 2015
Enable Midstream Partners, with corporate offices in Oklahoma City and Houston, said Monday continued volatility in oil and natural prices will cause it to cut 10 percent of its 2,000 employees.
Oklahoma Supreme Court asked to declare workers' comp opt-out provisions unconstitutional
By Randy Ellis, Staff Writer | Published: Fri, Feb 13, 2015
Attorneys representing two injured workers filed a lawsuit Friday asking the Oklahoma Supreme Court to declare opt out provisions in Oklahoma's new workers' compensation laws to be unconstitutional.
Certain assessments are inappropriate for hiring, succession planning, expert says
BY PAULA BURKES | Updated: Fri, Feb 13, 2015
Human relations professional Gayla Sherry discusses the various uses of assessments, from prescreening aids to leadership development.
Oklahoma business briefs: Feb. 10
Published: Tue, Feb 10, 2015
Oklahoma business briefs: Feb. 10, 2015
Baker Hughes closes Clinton, Oklahoma, office, lays off 62
By Adam Wilmoth, Energy Editor | Published: Tue, Feb 10, 2015
Baker Hughes has closed its Clinton office, laying off 62 employees, the Houston-based oil and natural gas drilling company confirmed Monday. To follow the federal Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, the company will pay the displaced workers for two months.
PostRock Energy announces layoffs
By Adam Wilmoth, Energy Editor | Updated: Thu, Feb 5, 2015
An Oklahoma City energy company Thursday announced plans to cut staff and expenses in response to low oil and natural gas prices.
Oklahoma City's jobless rate falls in December
By Don Mecoy, Business Editor | Updated: Wed, Feb 4, 2015
Metro continues to post one of lowest unemployment rates among large U.S. cities
Oklahoma City-based Chaparral Energy cuts 121 positions
By Adam Wilmoth, Energy Editor | Updated: Tue, Feb 3, 2015
Low oil prices continue to take a toll on Oklahoma City energy companies.
SandRidge Energy Corp. to close Texas office
By Adam Wilmoth, Energy Editor | Published: Tue, Feb 3, 2015
SandRidge Energy Corp. said Monday it plans to close the Odessa, Texas, office of its subsidiary Lariat Services Inc., eliminating all 265 positions there.


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Electronic dance in Perham? Organizers hoping three-day event takes off
This small town about 70 miles from Fargo might not seem like much of an electronic dance scene, but three people are hoping to change that.
This weekend, Eddie Hudson and Matthew Clark, two relocated veterans of the music industry, along with Clark's wife Gabi, are opening the doors of their recently-purchased property - what they have since named "Club GEM" - for a three-day electronic dance music event.
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Obese Women Should Limit Pregnancy Weight Gain to 20 Pounds
LITTLE FALLS, N.J. -- Obese women should gain only 11 to 20 pounds during pregnancy, according to updated guidelines from the Institute of Medicine. more
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Obese Women Should Limit Pregnancy Weight Gain to 20 Pounds
LITTLE FALLS, N.J. -- Obese women should gain only 11 to 20 pounds during pregnancy, according to updated guidelines from the Institute of Medicine. more
Rapid Increase Seen in Assisted Reproduction
SAN FRANCISCO -- The number of assisted reproduction cycles performed worldwide jumped 25.6% from 2000 to 2002, according to an international report. more
Perimenopause Associated with Cognitive Decline
LITTLE FALLS, N.J. -- Women lose their intellectual edge in perimenopause, but regain it in the later phases of menopause, researchers say. more
Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Guide Adds Raloxifene
RIDGEWOOD, N.J. -- An updated guideline from the American Society of Clinical Oncology on reducing the risk of breast cancer recommends either tamoxifen or raloxifene for women at risk. The previous guideline recommended only tamoxifen. more
APA: Choco-Guilt Tied to Eating Disorders, Poor Body Image
SAN FRANCISCO -- Young women who crave chocolate -- and feel particularly guilty about it -- were significantly more likely to have other features of eating disorders, French researchers found. more
Breast Cancer Risk Factors Vary by Tumor Subtype
RIDGEWOOD, N.J. -- Risk factors for the development of invasive breast cancer vary depending on whether the tumor is luminal A, luminal B, triple negative, or Her2-overexpressing, a new study has found. more
Gestational Diabetes Portends High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
LITTLE FALLS, N.J. -- Women who develop gestational diabetes have a high risk of type 2 diabetes, even shortly after delivery, a meta-analysis showed. more
Women Still Drinking During Pregnancy
LITTLE FALLS, N.J. -- Despite the Surgeon General's warning that alcohol can affect unborn children, pregnant women haven't changed their drinking habits much over the past two decades, the CDC said. more
Outcomes Similar for Kids of Fresh or Frozen Embryos
5/20/2009 |
LITTLE FALLS, N.J. -- Children born from frozen embryos in assisted reproduction have outcomes similar to children born from fresh embryos, researchers have found. more
ART Twins Have Poorer Birth Outcomes
LITTLE FALLS, N.J. -- Twins born as a result of assisted reproductive technology (ART) have worse outcomes than those conceived naturally, an Australian cohort study showed. more


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(This story first ran at PressConnects.com) BALTIMORE — At 26 years old, UFC light-heavyweight champion Jon Jones admits it is difficult even for him to realize he could soon be considered the best fighter in the history of mixed martial arts. But it's a reality (…)
Raquel Pennington highlighted a list of seven fighters to be handed potential six-month medical suspensions for injuries sustained during Saturday night's UFC 184 event, according to information rele read news >>
Six fighters from this past Saturday's UFC Fight Night 62 event could be on the shelf for as long as a half-year.Filed under: News, UFC read news >>
There wasn't much time for anyone to get seriously hurt in UFC 184's headliner, but a three-round strike-off in the night's co-headliner produced a long medical suspension.Filed under: News, UFC read news >>
This past weekend allowed us to witness a huge range of combat sports events, but we have a limited amount of time. So, we're focusing our energies on UFC 184, Bellator 134 and Invicta 11. But as I m read news >>
The California State Athletic Commission has released the medical suspensions for all the fighters who competed on the UFC 184 card last Saturday. UFC women's bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey defen read news >>
Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) recently tied a ribbon around its UFC 184: "Rousey vs. Zingano" pay-per-view (PPV) mixed martial arts (MMA) event, which took place last Saturday night (Feb. 28, read news >>
Ronda Rousey and Cat Zingano avoided any time out due to the UFC 184 medical suspensions, but Raquel Pennington topped the list of potential six-month suspensions. read news >>
Five fighters were handed indefinite medical suspensions by the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR) following their respective performances at UFC 185, according to information releas read news >>
Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) recently tied a ribbon around its UFC 185: "Pettis vs. Dos Anjos" pay-per-view (PPV) mixed martial arts (MMA) event, which took place last Saturday night (March 1 read news >>


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Wilfrid Napier
|His Eminence
Wilfrid Napier
|Cardinal, Archbishop of Durban
|Emmanuel Cathedral
|29 March 1992
|Denis Hurley
|Other posts
|Cardinal-Priest of S. Francesco d'Assisi ad Acilia
Member of Council for the Economy
|25 July 1970
by John Evangelist McBride
|28 February 1981
by Denis Hurley
|Created Cardinal
|21 February 2001
by Pope John Paul II
|Personal details
|Birth name
|Wilfrid Fox Napier
8 March 1941
Swartberg, Cape Union of South Africa (present day Republic of South Africa)
|South African
|Roman Catholic
|Previous post
|Roman Catholic Bishop of Kokstad (1980–1992)
|Coat of arms
Wilfrid Fox Napier OFM (born 8 March 1941) is a South African cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Durban, South Africa.
|Styles of
Wilfrid Fox Napier
|Reference style
|His Eminence
|Spoken style
|Your Eminence
|Informal style
Napier, a native South African, was born on 8 March 1941 in Swartberg, South Africa, and ordained a priest in 1970. He first became a bishop in 1980 when he was appointed bishop of Kokstad. In 1992, he succeeded Denis Hurley as archbishop of Durban, a position he still holds. He chose as his episcopal motto the franciscan phrase pax et bonum which translated means "Peace and goodwill".
Cardinal Napier graduated from the National University of Ireland, Galway (then UCG) in 1964 with a degree in Latin and English. 31 years later, in 1995, the University bestowed the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws on him.[1][2]
Napier is a Member of the Episcopal Board of the International Commission on English in the Liturgy (ICEL). Napier was proclaimed a Cardinal-Priest of the Church in 2001, given the titular church of San Francesco d'Assisi ad Acilia;[3] and was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI, formerly Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. On 21 March 2012, Cardinal Napier was appointed a Member of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers by Pope Benedict XVI.[4]
He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that selected Pope Francis.
On 8 March 2014, Pope Francis appointed him to serve as a Cardinal Member of the newly established Council for Economic Affairs, which will oversee the work of the new Secretariat for the Economy, the financial regulatory agency for the departments of the Roman Curia.[5]
He is an occasional contributor to the South Afrucan national Catholic weekly "The Southern Cross".[6]
In January 2005, Napier stated, in comments similar to some made by Pope Benedict XVI, that government programmes to distribute condoms were ineffectual in stemming the spread of HIV. Instead, he proposed programmes based upon the principle of abstinence.[7][8]
Vatican's views on Africa[edit]
Cardinal Napier stated that, to some extent, the Vatican lacks a "sufficient sensitivity to African churches." He said the pope's trips to Africa have helped in that regard, since every time he comes, Vatican officials are forced to learn something about Africa.[9]
On St Patrick's Day 2013, in a BBC interview[10][11] on the Stephan Nolan programme, BBC 5 live, Napier made the controversial statement that "From my experience paedophilia is actually an illness, it is not a criminal condition, it is an illness." Napier clarified in the closing minutes of the Nolan interview that he was very specifically not saying that someone "who has committed an offence against a child is not criminally liable." The cardinal mentioned two priests he knew who were abused as children and went on to become paedophiles. Cardinal Napier went on to say "Now don't tell me that those people are criminally responsible like somebody who chooses to do something like that. I don't think you can really take the position and say that person deserves to be punished. He was himself damaged."[10][11]
Michael Walsh, a biographer of Pope John Paul II stated that at one time this was the view of many Catholics in the US and UK.[10] Barbara Dorries from Chicago based Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests and, herself a victim of sex abuse from a priest when she was a child told the BBC:
|"If it is a disease that's fine, but it's also a crime and crimes are punished, criminals are held accountable for what they did and what they do. (…) "The bishops and the cardinals have gone to great lengths to cover these crimes to enable the predators to move on, to not be arrested, to keep the secrets within the church."[10]
Napier attacked the BBC after the broadcast for being 'sensationalist' and 'putting words into my mouth'. He also added 'I made it quite clear that paedophilia is a crime, and that we as a church have got a whole process in place for dealing with it.'[12]
Napier apologised via Twitter for his comments to Stephen Nolan on Radio 5 Live, "I apologise to victims of child abuse offended by my misstatement of what was and still is my concern about all abused, including abused abuser." He went on to say "It's the supreme irony. Because I raised the issue of the abused abuser, I stand accused of insensitivity to the sufferings of the abused."[13][14]
Climate change[edit]
In December 2011 Napier criticised world leaders on their failure to keep climate change commitments when he said 'We express our displeasure with local and international political leadership which has failed to take decisive steps to make the changes required for the survival of humanity and life on earth. We as the religious community demand that our political leaders honour previous commitments and move towards ethically responsible positions and policies.'[15]
- ^ National University of Ireland, Galway profile of Wilfrid Cardinal Napier
- ^ National University of Ireland, Galway report on Napier's elevation to the cardinalate
- ^ Cardinal Title S. Francesco d'Assisi ad Acilia GCatholic.org
- ^ Cardinal Napier appointed a Member of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers
- ^ http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2014/03/08/0171/00360.html
- ^ Cardinal Napier in The Southern Cross
- ^ S. Africa Health Minister To Discuss AIDS Programs With Religious Leaders, Including Bishops Opposed to Condom Use:Health and Medicine News, Medilinks Africa website
- ^ "UK and SA Governments Suffer Cardinal's Ire". What the cardinals believe. cardinalrating.com. 5 October 2006. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ The Vatican lacks a "sufficient sensitivity to African Churches"
- ^ a b c d "'Paedophilia not criminal condition' says Durban cardinal". BBC. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
- ^ a b "Transcript: 'Controversial' Cardinal Napier Interview". Mark Cogitates. 17 March 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
- ^ "Anger over Cardinal's gaffe". iol News. Independent Newspapers (Pty) Limited. 17 March 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ "S.Africa cardinal apologises for paedophilia remark". Google News. AFP. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
- ^ "Cardinal apologises for remarks on paedophilia". The Statesman. The Statesman Limited. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
- ^ "Catholics march in London against climate change apathy". The Universe. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
External links[edit]
- An article discussing Cardinal Napier's sentiments about the Papal conclave, before the fact
- Wilfrid Napier bio
- Wilfrid Napier Fox as a papabili to be the next pope after Pope Benedict XVI


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Shim DesignsClothing Designer No gender Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/melissashim
Mayhem # 2972854
About MeMelissa Shim is a limited edition Womenswear designer label. It has been going for a couple of years. The label is sold mainly in Europe, though we have created custom made dresses for women all over the world.
We are currently looking for local female models to take part in a test photo shoot towards the end of March 2013. All races and colours are welcome to participate. (Size: 36 up to 42) So, if you would like to get involved, drop us a line!
CreditsDresses currently being displayed in the Yosha Fashion Exhibition at the Fashion Hotel Westcord, Amsterdam.
- One of 4 labels chosen to be sponsored and take part in the London Fashion Expo, September 2013.
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Bye bye Waterloo Devon
I am really going to miss this place. I wish someone else would open a similar nursery on the location. I know their prices were a little high, but they had a great selection.
I was there yesterday and it looks like they are not restocking. There were very few perennials, although a fair number of trees and shrubs. Nothing has been marked down. I imagine they will move leftover stock to Exton.
What should be my new favorite nursery? I am closer to Bryn Mawr. I like Montgomery Nurseries for trees and shrubs. I wonder how long that place will last.
Albrecht's is ridiculous for cost. Out of sight but they are in an expensive location and the only game in town.
Other than HD, Lowe's and Produce Junction (love that place), what other large nurseries are nearby? I'm not trucking out to Exton!
If you're used to shopping @ Waterloo, the savings you'd get from Platt's prices would well make up for gas, tolls & mileage on your car. Platt's doesn't have all the rare & unusual/newest cultivars that Waterloo sometimes had, but the prices for large, healthy plants are well worth the trip. It's off of 295 South in Clarksboro (or Paulsboro, I'm never quite sure) and a really fun place (to me.)
I do plan to make a run to NJ for good Jersey produce, so I will make a trip to Platt's, too.
I got a letter from Waterloo saying they will continue to stock the most popular items but the rest of the stock is going to Exton. No going out of business sales. Oh well.
For a selection of perennials far more vast than Waterloo or "Terrain" could hope to stock, don't forget about Groff's Plant Farm in Lancaster Co. (they don't accept credit cards btw)
Tripleoaks in New Jersey has a great selection of rare trees & shrubs. I feel like most people I know in the PA Philly suburbs have to cross to the NJ side somewhat often anyhow...just combine a trip there with some other errand, surely, and you no longer have to factor in the bridge toll.


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We're excited to announce that Sarah Shandl has been nominated for a Metro Vancouver Women of Distinction Award for her work with Vancouver, we love you. Sarah and Vancouver, we love you have been strong supporters of CHV for many years.
All nominees are able to win the Connecting The Community Award. Determined by online votes, the winner will receive $10,000 to give to the YWCA program of her choice.
Here's where we need your help.
Sarah's decided to make the online voting process count for even more because, well, why not do more good when you can? For every minute you take giving her a vote, she's committing to give one minute of her time to volunteer in the community. One for one.
The goal: Collecting 10,000 volunteer minutes to be spent between local charities including Covenant House Vancouver!
Voting is open from April 30th - May 22nd. One vote per day, per IP address.
A huge thank you and congratulations to Sarah Shandl!
Now let's go do some good!


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Tap Money's Blog
Allen Iverson: Buried in Bills but Still Drives the Maybach
by Tap Money
posted Dec 4 2012 5:49PM
Former NBA star Allen Iverson
is digging himself into a giant financial hole -- with monthly bills that largely outweigh his monthly income -- but the good news is ... he's still got his fancy-schmancy Maybach.
Allen recently filed docs in GA court as part of his
nasty divorce battle
with his ex Tawanna Iverson which outline his dire financial situation.
According to docs, Allen brings in $62,500 in monthly income, but his expenses are FAR, FAR, greater ... costing him a cool $358,376.66 PER MONTH!!!!
So where does all his money go?
A large chunk -- $125,749.33 to be exact -- is spent paying off various creditors (
like his jeweler
) ... and some goes to his mortgages (but not for long, since his ATL crib
is about to be auctioned off
But Allen says he blows a lot on OTHER expenses too ... like $10,000/month on clothes, $10,000/month on grocery/house items, $1,000/month on dry cleaning, $5,000/month on entertainment, $5,000/month on restaurants ... and so on.
All in all, Iverson -- who reportedly made over $150 MILLION during his NBA career -- says he ends up in the hole each month to tune of $295,876.66. Ouch.
Despite the mounting debt though, he's still got his Maybach (which is fully paid off) ... and reportedly worth between $340k - $400k.
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my favoiurte athlete black culture wise
I like Iverson attitude and his swag he was never the type to try to pretend. As a basketball player the greatest little man to ever play the game. there was nothing wrong with him wearing cornrows du-rag and hats.
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Centralized Clinical Placement System (CCPS)
Centralized Faculty Resource Center (CFRC)
The upcoming training for Fall 2015 Placement Cycle will be held at:
Huntington Memorial Hospital
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Serving the Los Angeles Region.
The Los Angeles Nursing Resource Center provides two centralized, customer-focused nursing education services for schools of nursing and clinical agencies within the Los Angeles Region, the goal of which is to significantly improve the quality of nursing care.
CCPS - The Centralized Clinical Placement System
The Centralized Clinical Placement System streamlines the nursing student clinical placements process, with the long-term effects of increasing student capacity at local schools.
CFRC - The Centralized Faculty Resource Center
The Centralized Faculty Resource Center improves the utilization of existing and new clinical faculty, increasing the student capacity at nursing schools. CFRC provides a forum for interested nurses to easily locate resources on becoming a nurse educator. Create your profile and submit in response to posted vacant faculty positions.
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(Preceptor placement decisions due May 8)Hospitals review proposed requests and make placement decisions. Hospitals are encouraged to accept long-standing/historic placements and to decline proposals they know they cannot accommodate as quickly as possible, as a courtesy to schools.


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Best-Rite® Magne-Rite Slim Trim Whiteboard
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About the ManufacturerFor decades Best-Rite has manufactured some of the best wall-mounted writing boards, art display products, and easels which have developed a variety of new products to gain a large share of office, audio-visual/presentation, hospitality, early childhood and government markets.
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Arts News
Posted Monday, Dec 22, 2014
Watch Berkshire's Holiday video -- and Happy Holidays!
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Shawn Ingram '85 is Berkshire's Alum of the Month for December. Read more about him here.
Posted Monday, Dec 15, 2014
It was a busy and festive weekend -- read a little bit about it and see some slideshows here!


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Wooden Brownie Cake Role Play Set
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Bakers, young and old, will enjoy "baking" up a batch of fudgy-looking wooden brownies. Six "slice and serve" brownies fit in the baking tray, which comes with an oven mitt. Decorate the brownies with 18 assorted toppings, cut and serve with the wooden knife and spatula. The extra toppings can be stored in the cardboard brownie mix box.
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Make your Own Ginger Ale
A guide for brewing ginger ale your home. The author gives a supply list, ingredient list, and steps and tips for brewing.
Publisher: Los Angeles, California :, Kione's Thirdhand Shop,, 2012
Copyright Date: ©2012
Branch Call Number: ZINE 641.87 KIONE 2012
Characteristics: 6 pages ;,11 cm
From Library Staff
List - Multcolib Picks: Make your own soda pop! by: multcolib Aug 10, 2014
A delightful DIY zine.
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Hell-Lay. Jack meets with Alexei. "Zee agreement wuz for all of zee books," says Alexei. "That's the one you're looking for," says Jack, dapperly brandishing his umbrella. Alexei comments that they haven't heard from Irina in awhile. "She's a difficult woman to keep track of," says Jack. Heh. Especially when she's dead. "That she is," says Alexei knowingly. He goes on to say that Irina always spoke favorably of Jack and that her attachment to him made her work problematic. "I hope I didn't cause you too much inconvenience," sneers Jack. Heh. Alexei returns to the business at hand, saying that he'll have an airplane waiting for Syd and Vaughn and a support team ready to help them once they leave Liberty Village's perimeter. They say goodbye and we return to Liberty Village.
Syd and Vaughn are getting the rundown from Sergei about their assignment. It would seem that Syd and Vaughn are moving to Chicago. Shout-out? Well, considering I toil away here at my laptop in Ravenswood, Chicago proper, I'd like to think so, but I leave that judgment up to you. Sergei hands the Chicago house assignment to Syd and Vaughn and an Atlanta house assignment to another Spyneighbor. Sergei and Diane are going to New York. A meeting's been set up at Pierce Financial for Syd and Vaughn. "We're attacking an investment firm?" asks Syd. "We just need access to their servers," says Sergei. "At some point in the near future, an unfortunate incident is going to befall the New York Stock Exchange. If we have access to the servers of America's financial institutions during that time, we'll be in prime position for a massive redistribution of wealth." "Think of it as…aggressive Marxism," pipes up Spyneighbor.
Vaughn wants to know what the casualty count might be for this "unfortunate incident." "Are the gladiators of Liberty Village Automotive having a sudden crisis of conscience?" asks Sergei. Syd says that civilian deaths mean repercussions, and Vaughn says they'll need an exit strategy. Sergei says, in Russian, that they'll be long gone before the bodies are cold. Then he says that they should go through the op-tech before they leave in case Syd and Vaughn have to be rerouted through New York. "What do you guys know about electromagnetic weapons?" he asks. Well, a lot, actually. They make sentinels disappear before they can attack the Nebuchadnezzar, for one thing. ["They also cause Jessica Alba." -- Sars]
Apple Store. Marshall's dicking around in his office when all of a sudden, an alert comes up on one of his monitors. The Germans have moved the real Tabokovs to a prison in Havel. That's the Tabokovs that Syd and Vaughn are in the process of impersonating, don't you know. Marshall runs off to tell Sloane, but Sloane already knows. Unfortunately, what Sloane doesn't know is that the Germans sent this information over an unsecured line, which means…yeah, Sergei and company are getting this intel at the same time as the Apple Store. Which means…the Liberty Village jig, she is up. Sloane orders Marshall to send the abort code. Too bad that Syd's watch was bashed during the Fight at the OK Automotive.


text:
Pronunciation: حارس السماء
Added on: 2011-07-16 Listened: 25 timesin: Guardia del cielo (estrella)
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Haitian Immigrants Haven't Had Special Help; Another Berlin Wall
Published: November 30, 1997
To the Editor:
In his Nov. 26 letter, Representative Lamar Smith asserts that Haitians ''have been treated better than immigrants from nearly every other country.'' But no country other than Haiti has had, in effect, a floating Berlin wall of United States Coast Guard cutters surrounding it during the most brutal of regimes to interdict and summarily repatriate refugees.
Mr. Smith suggests that the entry of Haitians from Guantanamo is another privilege denied others. This ignores that the vast majority of the Haitians detained there were screened out on the basis of cursory interviews and forcibly repatriated to a military regime the United States itself did not recognize.
Flushing, Queens, Nov. 26, 1997
The writer is a fellow at New York University School of Law.


text:
Jack Marshall | November 12, 2010 | Comments
Twitter grew its unique audience in Japan by 428 percent, according to data from comScore.
Social networking site Twitter grew its unique audience in Japan by a whopping 428 percent in the 12 months ending September 2010, and will likely end the year as the most popular social networking site in the country, according to data from comScore.
The site attracted 13.2 million unique users in September, closely following rival site Mixi.jp which saw 13.5 million visitors but has seen its growth plateau since March. Given its strong growth, it appears Twitter will therefore overtake Mixi by December at the latest.
Despite its dominance in the social networking space in the U.S. and the U.K., Facebook continues to attract a fraction of the Japanese audience achieved by Mixi and Twitter. It has enjoyed growth, though, increasing its user base by 78 percent during the year ending September, reaching 5.3 million unique visitors, comScore said.
Want to learn more?
Attend ClickZ Live New York March 30 - April 1. With over 15 years' experience delivering industry-leading events, ClickZ Live brings together over 60 expert speakers to offer an action-packed, educationally-focused agenda covering all aspects of digital marketing. Register today!
Jack Marshall was a staff writer and stats editor for ClickZ News from 2007 until August 2011.
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Google My Business Listings Demystified
To help brands control how they appear online, Google has developed a new offering: Google My Business Locations. This whitepaper helps marketers understand how to use this powerful new tool.
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Back row, from left to right:
Cartrell Watts, Treasurer; Trevor Quander, Parliamentarian; Willie Palmer, Vice President;
Jo Holliman, Secretary
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Alisha Hargett, Asst. Secretary; Rodney J. Russell, President; Marleen Metcalf, Asst. Treasurer
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Applications are now being accepted for the AABE Atlanta Scholarship Program. Students majoring in business and/or the STEM disciplines and whose educational pursuits will lead to a career in the energy industry may apply. Deadline is March 27. For more information, download the application for high school students entering college or the application for current college students.


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