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Leap Frog worst experience ever
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Just thinking about my experience with Leap Frog makes my blood pressure skyrocket.
On December 9, 2006 -- in plenty of time for Christmas, I placed an order for two items from Leap Frog that I couldn't find in the local toy and department stores... that was the biggest waste of time and frustration ever. Not only was it not delivered by Dec. 24th, as promised, it STILL has not arrived. I sent countless e-mails to their Customer "Service" department and received sickly-sweet replies saying that they have not heard back from their shipping department. When a package did arrive from Leap Frog, it contained the contents of an order from someone in North Carolina. I called them... they said they called Leap Frog and were assured they would receive their refilled order by next-day airmail... I wonder if they ever got it. I called Leap Frog, got disconnected, called again, got put on hold... with no pick-up. I called again and told the individual that I wanted to speak to their supervisor... she said she didn't know who it was!!! I said, "Let me talk to the person you say 'hello' to when you walk in, in the morning"... I got put on hold, again... then was told that "the supervisor" would call back. I sent more e-mail and received a reply that I would get the same consideration as the family in NC... Wrong!!! Finally, after Christmas, I received a call from a "supervisor" asking what the problem was and whether or not I still wanted the order. "It's a present for my grand-daughter so, YES I want it, otherwise I would not have ordered it in the first place".
I've got to stop ranting about this, it's not doing me any good, nor you either.
I would urge anyone who is considering ordering from this company to FORGET IT... don't waste your time as I have! This is the worst online company I've ever had the misfortune to deal with.
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LeapFrog Online - Worst online experience ever!!!!
Posted by
This is absolutely the worst experience I have ever had with an online order. I have spent thousands of dollars online. My order was place on December 14 and I was guaranteed Christmas delivery. It is very important that children's toy's arrive on time. My first call was made on December 17 or 18 and was told the item was being prepared to ship and I could expect an email the following day with shipping information and it would definitely arrive for Christmas. I did not receive an email as promised. My second call was on December 20. They could give me no information regarding shipping but again assured me it would arrive on time. At this point I was getting leary and it was too late to go order from somewhere else. I also sent an email explaining the problem, asking for help, and expressing my frustration. To date I have received no answer to this email. My third call was made on December 22. Again they could give me no information as to whether it has been shipped or not. The Customer service representative promised that he would check with shipping and call me back. Guess what, he didn't call. I was left without a gift. I will never buy another LeapFrog item and will tell everyone I know of this experience. They need to get their act together or get out of the online business. The public needs to be aware of companies that do not care about their customers.
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Town Square
Two-alarm fire destroys Atherton home
Original post made on Sep 26, 2007
Read the full story here Web Link posted Wednesday, September 26, 2007, 9:38 AM
Comments (1)
a resident of Atherton
on Sep 26, 2007 at 11:47 pm
Why would you put an address in your publication. Wouldn't this invite vandals to the location? Would you want your address published regarding a fire at your home? Shouldn't there be a statement about public safety and future code requirements?
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text:
Ya'alon: You don't have to be in intelligence to know that Iran is lying
Negotiating parties split on Likud push to increase number of ministers
WATCH LIVE: Israel's ambassador to UN addresses Security Council on Mideast minorities
'Netanyahu has burned his bridges with Black Democrats'
First-ever effort between hospital and taxi company to ensure newborns are taken home safely
Jerusalem Municipality shuts down 'filthy, rodent-infested' butcher shop in Mahane Yehuda market
*New Worlds: The brain's 3D compass*
*IQ is not enough – develop your EQ, too*
Eco Wave Power to establish its first Chinese power station
Watch: Technion students recreate Passover story with robots
Noble Energy walks away from Ruth C exploration license
Cyber Chief: 8% of ministry budgets should go to cyber security
Play it once again, Sam
Anti-Semitic fans pressure Hungarian rock band to cancel Israel concert
Concert review: IPO
Eytan's Fox's 'Cupcakes' opening in New York
Bruised yellow-and-blue looks ahead after Real blow
Israeli figure skater Bychenko places in world championships
Soccer: Israel trounced by Wales in key qualifier
Scuffling Maccabi must dig deep on road at group leader Real
Erez Biton becomes first poet of Mizrahi descent to win Israel Prize in Literature
IDF Givati Commander agrees to plea bargain on inappropriate sexual conduct
Boehner: Obama administration's 'animosity' toward Netanyahu 'reprehensible'
Top Hamas engineer, tactician convicted in Beersheba court
Exclusive: In exchange for freed tax funds, PA won't pursue Israel over settlements at ICC
Egyptian court convicts man and woman of spying for Israel
Abbas: Israeli-Palestinian relationship must change
US 'disappointed UN rights council continues to single out Israel'
Why are these South Africans wearing kippot?
Will or won't 'Borat' play Freddie Mercury in Queen biopic?
Limmud FSU marks Auschwitz liberation with emotional exhibition
Toulouse rabbi told to remove kippah at voting station
Spain close to granting citizenship to relatives of Jews expelled in 1492
US says talks with Iran will go down to the wire
Egypt lists as terrorists top Muslim Brotherhood leader, 17 others from group
Officials: Iran indicating willingness to accept fewer centrifuges, ship out enriched uranium
Watch: Armed Houthi women threaten war against US, Saudi Arabia, Israel
Risk vs. reward: Saudis could become regional heavyweight, or serve to embolden Iran
Reverse course
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Kayaking for gold on the Kinneret
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'מְלָגוֹת 'צוּק אֵיתָן
עוֹלִים חֲדָשִים
כּוּלָם רוֹצִים לִחְיוֹת
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Reverse course
Fundamental Freund: Happy Land of Israel Day!
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06/14/2012 23:18
Photos of New York.
(photo credit:Wolfgang Staehle)
Orthodoxy's breathtaking success in promoting Jewish continuity was reflected in
a new study of Jews living in the New York area funded by the UJA Federation of
New York. And since the Jews living in the five boroughs (Manhattan, Brooklyn,
the Bronx, Queens and Staten Island) as well as Westchester County and Long
Island make up the largest concentration of Jews outside Israel, trends revealed
in the study, the first of its scope in nearly a decade, reflect what is
happening to all of American Jewry.Slowly, the stereotype of the
American Jew as rich, liberal and assimilated is being challenged. As in Israel,
the growth of the Jewish population in America is increasingly being propelled
by the Orthodox, particularly those of the haredi variety.On one hand,
this is a tremendous blessing for the Jewish people. In the 1950s, after waves
of Jewish immigrants arrived in New York from Europe in the aftermath of the
Holocaust, the city's Jewish population peaked at two million. By 2002, the
Jewish population dipped below one million for the first time in a century.
Assimilation seemed to be finishing off the work of the Nazis. Now the trend is
being reversed.But the blessing of all these Jewish babies (74 percent
of all children in the city are Orthodox) brings with it challenges. As in
Israel, the haredi population in America is disproportionately represented among
the poor. For hassidim, who tend to be more insular with regard to secular
studies, the poverty rate is 43%, compared to 27% for US Jews as a
whole.Thankfully, haredi Jews, with their tight-knit communities and
strong ethos of charity, are better equipped to deal with poverty.As the
Orthodox make up an increasing proportion of the Jewish population, we might
begin to see a change in American Jewry's historical support for the Democratic
Party. To paraphrase essayist Milton Himmelfarb, soon American Jews as a group
might not only stop earning like Episcopalians, they might also stop voting like
Puerto Ricans. However, while they might identify with Republicans on issues
such as same-sex marriages, abortions and state support for parochial schools,
haredi Jews, like other poor groups, also depend on public-assistance programs
such as food stamps, Medicaid and public housing, which are more strongly
supported by Democrats.Orthodoxy's success in fostering Jewish
continuity in America contrasts sharply with the failure of other streams of
Judaism. The Reform and Conservative movements each lost about 40,000 members
between 2002 and 2011. And between 2006 and 2011 one out of two marriages in
which one partner was a non- Orthodox Jew was to a person who was not Jewish and
did not convert to Judaism. Numerous studies have found that the children of
intermarriage are far less likely to get a Jewish education or to marry a
Jew.Non-traditional means of strengthening Jewish identity have failed
to protect Jews from assimilation.Holocaust education; support for
Israel; leading a liberal lifestyle in which liberal politics provides a
substitute for faith; the construction of a Jewish ethnicity via the Yiddish
language or Jewish foods – none of these provides grownup Jews or their children
with a convincing reason to remain Jewish.At the same time, American
haredi Jewry – as well as their Israeli counterparts – have paid a hefty price
for strong Jewish continuity. They have consciously closed themselves off both
socially and intellectually, not only from the secular world but also from their
non-Orthodox brethren. Polarization between Orthodox and non-Orthodox has
reached the point where it has become increasingly difficult to conceptualize a
Jewish "peoplehood" that can includes both groups.This contradicts the
principle that all Jews are responsible (areivim) for one
another.Non-Orthodox Jews have much to learn about Jewish continuity
from haredim. But haredi Jews could learn a thing or two from their non-Orthodox
brothers as well. Sincere steps need to be made to bridge the broadening divide
that separates disparate segments of the Jewish people before it is too late.
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text:
Roto-Hoe shredder model 800
Hello all, I just picked -up an old roto Hoe chipper shredder. the engine had been replaced with 8hp briggs that Im working on now. This machine has 2 belt drives, it looks like one to drive the hammers and MAYBE one for reverse? I dont know. Also the bottom a has a screen area and then some flat straight bars of steel? I dont know how this all works and Im looking for any help, or where i can find help on it. THANKS Fespo
I also have the model 800CP with a 8 hp B&G.
I believe one belt operates the shredder and the other the chipper. My drive pullies just broke while I was shredding.
Could'nt find a replacement as they are welded together with a spacer as one unit. Replaced with two seperate pullies of about the same diameter. Found belts that fit and am back in opoeration.My unit also is tough on belts. Need to improve the belt take up mechanism .Any idea where an operating manual can be found. Good luck with your unit.
I am need of design of a Model 800 Roto-Hoe Shredder chipper evon though it isn't a manual. Recieved a Model 800 with the shredder section dismanteled and need to put it back together. Of course, a manual would be great on a download, borrow, whatever way to get one. Many thanks to the interested people. Enjoy your day.
I wrote note few minutes ago but would like to add an item. The desmanteled Roto Hoe Shred Shredded Model 800 was given to me but I don't have any idea how each of the pieces go back together, the two belts, etc. I am missing some bearings plus a couple of parts to be able to asamblea it. Thus the manual is needed, or a diagram on where things go where. If you want to help with photo copies of the manual you can also call me @ 479-531-2139 (cell) Greatly appreciated.
Gordon Barker
I know this is an old thread, but I am reviving an old Roto-Hoe 800cp and when I search for details on it, this thread pops up. So I figured I would share any information I have here for future reference.
I replaced the belts on my 800cp (one was missing). I went with a 54" and a 59" Kevlar belt from Tractor Supply. So far they are working great.
It took me a while to figure out but there are some posts sticking straight out near the rear pulley and near the "clutch". Initially I thought those were just to keep the belt in alignment, but they are more important than that. When the clutch is disengaged you want those posts to slightly squeeze the belt. They are what prevent the motor from turning the belts when the belt clutches are disengaged.
The Roto-Hoe has a bunch of slots at the bottom. At first I couldn't figure out what those were for, but the shredding mechanism wasn't working worth a darn (limbs would shoot straight through the hammers and fall a little torn up but nearly complete). After searching, I came to realize there should be metal slats in those slots. I will be measuring the slot sizes and working on cutting down some steel stock to replace the missing slats over the next week or so.
There is an inspection box on one side of the chipper. That gives you access to the chipping blade, which is mounted to a fly wheel. I think you could sharpen it with a file without removing it, but I am going to remove it and try to do a better job of sharpening it, as I have read elsewhere that that makes a huge impact on performance.
I'll update this thread in the future if there are any new learnings.
Ok, the slots are 3/16" wide and 1 1/2" high. The outer edge of the slat holder appears to be about 13 1/8" to 13 3/16" (mine is slightly bent so I am not sure what they should be). I went to a steel surplus yard and found some 1 1/2" x 3/16" stock and had them cut 7 pieces at 14 1/2" each. Total cost of steel plus them cutting the steel plus tax came to about $12.50.
I was leery of using 3/16" stock material because I thought they might be too tight in the 3/16" slots. Well after test fitting, they are definitely tight but can be worked in by hand with a little effort, so I know they can easily be tapped in with a hammer. I'm glad I went with 3/16" because the 1/8" would have been much weaker and too loose (I think).
Now I need to file them down to make the ends less sharp and will probably file the full length of the top to be _more_ sharp (as that's the edge the material will be slammed against). Not sure if that's important or not.
I will drill holes in the ends of the slats to where the edge of the holes are about 13 3/16", maybe 13 1/4". The idea being that I will run a clothes hanger wire down through the holes to hold the slats in place while the machine is running. Otherwise the vibration would just cause the slats to fall out.
So that's where I am at on this project.
I will check my spark plug and air filter brands and models and post those so that those will be available for future reference. (The engine is a Briggs and Stratton 8.5HP).
I just bought a roto hoe 800. I could swear I saw a post from someone that included a pdf link for a manual and can't find it. Ajnyway.. it is in good condition, I bought it for the mulching and I think I'm missing something that goes over or in place of the bars on the bottom that would direct the chips through the screen instead of through the bars. Anyone familiar with this?
Do a google search for Roto-Hoe Chipper Shredder manual. The link will be just below a Roto-Hoe Chipper 2-minute Video. Click on that link, then Click on the blue link and the Manual will appear. Do a right click with your mouse on the Manual and look for the print mode on your computer and click print. It's (13) pages long and has a lot of information and a picture break down of the Chipper Shredder and different models and part numbers. If you have any trouble getting this to work send me an email and I can scan it for you and email it to you. Hope this helps. GregTx


text:
The UN is Ordering 10,000 of Ikea's Brilliant Flatpack Refugee Shelters
Ikea Foundation readies itself to supply thousands of the structures, which have been designed to replace fragile tents.
Ikea Foundation readies itself to supply thousands of the structures, which have been designed to replace fragile tents.
The Swedish furniture maker's Melltorp model looks awfully like Emeco's 20-06 Norman Foster-designed seat.
Cringeworthy clip sneaks "IKE Andrews" painting into gallery.
Facebook flashmob in the Netherlands given short shrift by Scandi furniture firm.
Charging cables? Who needs 'em.
When a company this big decides to make even a slight change to how it makes or sources its products, it's a massive undertaking. That's exactly what Ikea is doing right now—and I got an inside look at the process.
In this simple yet maddening Mac and PC game, Höme Improvisåtion, players are challenged to assemble flat-pack furniture. Because it's easy enough in real life? Read more >
Cinemas of late have tried to lure audiences away from their living rooms with big comfy, upgraded seats. But that's nothing compared to the facelift Ikea gave a theatre in Khimki, Russia: the seats were all removed and replaced with freshly made beds.
Ikea doesn't need to draw up faux-retro designs based on the past; it can just re-issue its own originals. And that is what its doing, by reissuing dozens of designs from the 1950's and '60s.
Ikea has announced its largest investment in renewables ever: the acquisition of a massive wind farm in Texas.
Everyone freaked out when IKEA announced that it would sell a sit/stand desk powered by electricity for less than £500. A healthy desk option for the masses, finally! But we can't believe how much we like this.
Sitting is comfortable, and while standing is better for you it's also rather tiring. Fortunately this desk from Ikea will give you the best of both with minimal fuss.
I'm not going to point out all the awesome Shining references so you can find them yourself.
Assembling Ikea furniture can be a right headache. The company's new living room line, though, uses specially designed wedge dowels, allowing the pieces to be assembled using only your bare hands.
Dubois created three controllers: one from a desktop lamp, one from a wooden ball, and one from a simple box, each powered by an iPhone placed inside the objects.
In order to promote a new superstore coming to Clermont-Ferrand in the middle of France, the company installed a fully functional climbing wall of inexpensive modern furniture outside of a cathedral. Spider-Man's new living room?


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text: Dr. Ferber Revisits His 'Crying Baby' Theory May 30, 2006 Dr. Richard Ferber is best known for his advice to parents about children and sleep. He advised that letting babies cry themselves to sleep could be a necessary step in getting young children to sleep in their own beds. But now Ferber is out with a new book reexamining his original theory. Allan Coukell of member station WBUR reports. Listen Loading… Download Playlist


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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED! Copying, altering, or redistribution of any of these images without written permission from the artist is strictly prohibited. (Camera: Canon 30D, iso200, Canon EF 28-135, F8/125, 2006.)
*Greece, Crete – Arkadi Monastery *
- 1x Photographic Print (8.0″ × 8.0″) Sep.2012
Lovely Work .!! Just the left side of my "Symmetry" Photo…!!
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A Rose Garden Painting
kraftylady23May 15, 2008
This is a project that I finally finished yesterday. This was a challenge project on another board for April. I just didn't have time to get it done until now. Better late than never I always say. I have never done alot of shading before on roses, so I am pretty happy with the outcome. I will get better with more practice. I thought I would share.


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Perfect Dark
Enemy Analysis by AstroBlue
Version: 2.3 | Updated: 01/19/01 | Printable Version
_______ ____________ ______________ _________ _______ _______ _______ _ __ \_____ \\__________ \\____________//________/ \_____ \\____ \\_____ \| | / / |¯|/ / |¯'--,|¯|/_/ |¯'--,|¯'--,/¯/ | | |¯| \ \ |¯|_\ \ |¯|/_/| |.´ / | |¯¯ | .-´ | ||¯\ | .-´ | .-´ \ \__ | | | | / / | _\\ \| ||¯\| |'. \ |_| | ¯¯\|_| \_\|_| | ¯¯\ \___\|_| |_||_/ |_| \___| \___| \_\ ¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯ <E N E M Y A N A L Y S I S> Version 2.3 Written by AstroBlue (tetsuwan_blue(at)yahoo.com.au) ******************************************************************************* Contents -1)HUMANS 2)SKEDAR 3)DAMAGE SYSTEM i)Damage Equations ii)Values 4)THANKS TO VERSION HISTORY --------------- Version 1.0 25/07/00 Everything is new! Version 2.0 02/08/00 Added ASCII drawing of a Skedar and changed the Human ASCII drawing. Added "Artificial Intelligence Notes", "Secondary Effects of Gunfire" and "Other Means of Incapacitation" info. Version 2.1 07/08/00 Changed format (it looks like my other FAQs now) and added numerous stuff. Added "Guard Reactions" info thanks to Mr. Cactus. Added DAMAGE SYSTEM & THANKS TO sections. Version 2.2 08/08/00 Fixed "DAMAGE SYSTEM" quote. Opps I hadn't listened to that song for ages. Spell Checked it. Version 2.3 19/01/01 Changed e-mail address and removed all trailing spaces. =============================================================================== 1)HUMANS =============================================================================== "Why are people so unkind" - Kamahl ___________________________________ |Sensitivity of Regions from Gunfire| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ /¯¯¯\ ( · · ) HEAD (HEAD) _\ - /_ Head shots kill always. ,´ `. -------------------------------------------------- / ,| |. \ CHEST (BODY) | || d D || | Chest shots cause considerable damage. | || || | -------------------------------------------------- |_|| ||_| ARMS (LIMB) | ___ | Arm shots cause 1/2 as much damage as chest shots. | | | | -------------------------------------------------- | | | | LEGS (LIMB) | | | | Leg shots cause 1/2 as much damage as chest shots. | | | | /__| |__\ ____________________________ |Secondary Effects of Gunfire| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ CRADLING : Shots to the arms (mostly near the elbow) will cause the victim to cradle that arm, which will cause a reduction in their mobility. LIMPING : Shots to the legs (closer to the kneecap) will cause the victim to limp, thus drastically reducing their mobility. DISARMING : If gunfire hits a enemy guard's gun it will fly out of their hands. _____________________________ |Other Means of Incapacitation| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ UNARMED : If you creep up from behind and they are unaware of your presence, one punch will be enough. If not, you will have to make like Bruce Lee. CROSSBOW : [Sedate] Knocks out the victim. [Instant Kill] Kills the victim. TRANQUILIZER : [Sedate] 3 shots will put out most guards. [Lethal Injection] 1-Hit Kill uses up 4 sedatives. N-BOMB : Neutron Bomb's explode into a black sphere, anyone in the radius of the sphere will have their energy slowly drained. They will also drop their weapons and become woozy. EXPLOSIONS : Humans will die instantaneously from explosions. _____________________________ |Artificial Intelligence Notes| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ If a guard shots their gun while they are not walking, they will not change their aim until they have finished. So if a guard begins the action of shooting run around and cap them in the head. If a guard shots their gun while they are walking, they can change their aim when they slowly walk towards you. But they still cannot pivot their arm. Guards will usually only run for help if they are far away from you, If they are on their own and you're close to them they tend to shoot at you and run around a lot. Stationary guards behind barriers & crates shoot in timed bursts. To kill them easily make yourself seen then take cover, after you hear their gunfire stop, run out and cap them in the head. A guard will only start hitting you when you're close, after he/she has finished shooting. They will also only hit you if you are in front of them, so just strafe around them and punch or shot. If you disarm a guard by shooting his/her gun. They will continue doing what they were doing (running, shooting, etc.) until they have finished. Use this to your advantage. If you disarm a guard and collect their gun, they will pull out a Falcon 2 most of the time. But you usually can't disarm the Falcon 2 off them, you have to punch them out to get it. If you disarm a guard and he puts his hands up in submission do not shot him, he will disappear anyway so don't waste ammo. Guards seldom throw Grenades if they are alone. They usually only throw them if at least 2 people are shooting at you already. If a guard gets on his belly, don't get the compulsion to move back and forth as they will get up to get a better shot. Just stand were you are, crouch and scope for a head shot. If guards are not aware of you and you use one of the Spies, the guards will run towards the Spy, but after a while they will say something and then they will shot the Spy. This is bad if you're using a CamSpy. But with a BombSpy this is excellent, since you can draw in bucket loads of guards and then blow them all to hell as soon as you see one flinch! If you cap a guard in the head through a window, from a distance or with the DrugSpy using only one bullet. The closest guard will run up to the dead guard and kneel. So then cap him as well. _______________ |Guard Reactions| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Written by Mr. Cactus 1. Holds the gun, slowly walks toward you, firing the entire time (seems these guys have about 100 bullets per clip). This is the most damaging attack, and can be the hardest to avoid in tight places. Either very quickly shoot enemies that do this, or try to find cover. 2. Rolls in a direction and shoots a short burst of fire or a few shots. Try to make them roll into an area that covers you. Also, shoot the guy while he's rolling. He will pop right back up instantly or after he finishes his roll. Finish off. 3. Jumps to the side, aims and shoots. See #2 for a strategy for combating these enemies. Enemies that do this can cause you to miss a shot or two. 4. Kneels down and shoots. This is basic. Just shoot at him, and he'll stand up and flinch. Finish off. 5. Aims and shoots. Basic. Just shoot. He'll finch and you can finish him. 6. Leans to side and shoots. Not much going on here either. Usually occurs when an enemy approaches from the side. You may miss a head shot when he moves. 7. Yells, "My gun!" or something like that and reloads. Laugh, and take out other guards before shooting this one. 8. Backs up, yells "What the!" and runs off or shoots. Kill before he can attack. 9. Lies down, lines up a shot and shoots. Run up close to make the guy stand up, and shoot him before he can react. 10. Overhand throw. Run like hell and hope that the grenade or other explosive misses you and kills some other enemies. 11. Runs and activates something. Kill these enemies very quickly because they will either fail an objective, call in more guards, or do something very bad. =============================================================================== 2)SKEDAR =============================================================================== "If it bleeds, we can kill it" - Maj. Dutch Schaeffer (Arnie) in Predator _______________ |Background Info| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ The Skedar are a warlike alien race, Who have fought the Maians for centuries and have only recently agreed to a ceasefire. They tend to use mechanised armatures to walk about and fight in, since they are in actual fact smaller, snakelike creatures. Very aggressive - they have made war a religion - and are extremely devout. ___________________________________ |Sensitivity of Regions from Gunfire| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ \`. \`.\ `.__ ___\ \ <-1 1. SKULL (HEAD) & 3. THORAX (BODY) /,---\ o \ Shots to these areas cause heavy damage. 2-> // / (`. / -------------------------------------------- // ,-. \ `´ 2. TAIL (LIMB) \._// / ) | Shots to this snake-like appendage cause `-´ / /-//´ <-3 400% more damage then Skull/Thorax shots. / _/ \\ -------------------------------------------- < ( \\ <-4 4. FORELIMBS (LIMB) & 5. LEGS (LIMB) \\ \ " Shots to these limbs cause half as much 5-> \\ \ damage as Skull/Thorax shots. \\ \__ `---\ Note: Only the base of the tail can take damage. If you are in aiming mode and you're pointing at the tail and the cross hair is not going red, try further up. _____________________________ |Other Means of Incapacitation| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ UNARMED : Yeah sure! COMBAT KNIFE : [Knife Slash] If you creep up from behind and it's unaware of your presence, one stab will be enough. If it is aware of you, you'll have to do some fancy fighting to come off unscaved. [Throw Poison Knife] It takes approx. 9 seconds for the poison to kick in. EXPLOSIONS : Skedar have a stronger resistance to explosions, but most of the time they will still die straight away _____________________________ |Artificial Intelligence Notes| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Skedar with Maulers act much in the same way as guards, but instead of moving back and forth they tend to edge forward instead or retreat then suddenly ambush you. Cloaked Skedar are always unarmed and stand dormant in semi-random positions, then when they sense you they will uncloak and hunt you down until you or they are dead. Just run backwards and fill them up with rounds from the Callisto NTG. Stationary Skedar (with Reapers and Slayers) can be dealt with in much the same way as stationary guards, But because they have to lunge forward before they shot they're easier, since as soon as you see them lunging forward take cover. =============================================================================== 3)DAMAGE SYSTEM =============================================================================== "She's doing so much harm, doing so much damage" - Protection by Massive Attack ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i)Damage Equations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Only Humans and Skedar have damage systems, so they are the only enemies that need a damage equation to calculate how much damage you have caused. Things such as Autoguns, the Hovercopter, etc. explode after you have caused more damage then their amount of HP. Anyway, in these equations h, b & l represent the sum of all the damage you have caused to the head, body & limb regions respectively. But in the skedar equation exclude any tail shots from l, as the sum of all damage to the skedar's tail is represented by t. If the result is greater or equal to the HP value of that enemy, the enemy will die. Humans : (h×1000) + b + (l÷2) Skedar : (h + b)÷5 + (l÷10) + t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii)Values ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _______________ |Enemy HP Values| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ All enemies other then the ones stated below have 100 HP (including Skedar). On Agent difficulty all HP values are halved. < means less then and S means Shield. Shields take 450 damage before they are disabled. 1-Hit Kill shots like a Charged Mauler or a Farsight can not penetrate a shield, however they will disable the shield with one shot. These values represent the majority, for instance the first Gun Turret in A51: Infiltration has a HP Value of 150 while the rest have a value of 650. Auto-guns | 250 | 600 (Crash Site) dD Female Guards | 150 Hovercopter | 3450 dD Snipers w/a | Sniper Rifle | <25 Shotgun | 200 Mr. Blondes w/a | Sniper Rifle | 150 K7 Avenger | 250 (Crash Site) | 375 (Air Force One) Mauler | S100 Gun Turrets | 650 A51 Pilots | 125 A51 Guards | 200 A51 Interceptors | 450 Biotechnicians | 200 (A51:Rescue) NSA Bodyguards | 250 (Air Base) | 150 G5 Robots | 1250 (Crash Site) Skedar Shuttle | 2550 (Crash Site) Pelagic II Guards | 175 Baby Skedar | 20 dD Shock Troopers | S150 (Bottom floor of CI) | <25 (Upper floor of CI) _________________ |Gun Damage Values| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ This shows the damage caused by each projectile shot from a gun on its primary function. For instance the Shotgun's shell splits into 6 particles, so if every particle hits the enemy it will cause 500 damage approximately. The Mauler's Charge Up Shot, the DY357-LX & the FarSight XR-20 always cause One-Hit Kills so I didn't include them in the list. Also the Callisto NTG on High Impact Shells causes 111.11 damage. Falcon 2 | 50.00 Magsec 4 | 52.63 Mauler | 58.82 Phoenix | 52.63 DY357 Magnum | 100.00 CMP150 | 50.00 Cyclone | 40.00 Callisto NTG | 58.82 RC-P120 | 58.82 Laptop Gun | 55.56 Dragon | 52.63 K7 Avenger | 71.43 AR34 | 66.67 SuperDragon | 58.82 Shotgun | 83.33 Reaper | 50.00 Sniper Rifle | 58.82 =============================================================================== 4)THANKS TO =============================================================================== Mr. Cactus for contributing the "Guard Reactions" info, very helpful stuff. AgrroSk8er810 for some great suggestions for this FAQ, I never would have thought to write the "DAMAGE SYSTEM" section if he hadn't pushed me in the right direction. and... RARE for making games of an outstanding quality. CJayC for maintaining the best video game site in the world and for posting all my FAQs up on GameFAQs. ******************************************************************************* FAQ STATS --------- Version 2.3 Update No 3 Size 16.1KB Pages 6 Words 2418 Characters 15777 Paragraphs 324 Lines 365 GameFAQs CONTRIBUTER PAGE- www.gamefaqs.com/features/recognition/4127.html EMAIL- tetsuwan_blue(at)yahoo.com.au If I don't reply, it's either: I don't know the answer to the question, the answer to your question is in the FAQ, or you're sending me info I already know or someone else has sent before you. LEGAL SECTION -=-=-=-=-=-=-=- No material from this FAQ may be paraphrased, copied, changed or re-formatted without my permission. It may only be posted on GameFAQs (www.gamefaqs.com) and IGN FAQs (faqs.ign.com). Under no circumstances may this FAQ be posted on Cheat Code Central. This document was written exclusively for use on the internet. It is not intended to be used in any way that is profitable for anyone other than the author. It is not to be reproduced in any way without express written permission from the author. More information on copyright laws can be found at the copyright section of the official Library of Congress web site. (http://www.loc.gov/copyright). Perfect Dark is a trademark of Rare Ltd. _______________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright 2000-2001 AstroBlue


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- Forum: Streetwear and Denim
- Thread: J.Crew Fall/Winter 2012
I own it. The size/versatility is spot on and I wear it daily in a business casual dress setting. The issue, is that its more for show than practicality. The buckle holds the belt in place with a lever that pushes on the belt (It tends to slip if the belt is too tight). Therefore as long as you don't need a tight belt - your be fine. Additionally it makes a lot of jingles when its unbuckled - which isn't that big of a deal.


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a good book
i think this book is a good book for readers 12-15. it has intresting fact and answers questions from both a girl and boys point of viewWas this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
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All quotes tagged Virtue
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"In several cases, it's been a witnessing tool, just by virtue of having it in common with someone and being able to talk with someone while we play."
"By the Grace of the Saints, I sing the Praises of the Ocean of virtue; after countless incarnations, I have been released."
"The earth that has heights, and slopes, and great plains, that supports the plants of manifold virtue, free from the pressure that comes from the midst of men, she shall spread out for us, and fit. herself for us!"
"I would like to advise all the dear brothers and sisters and also myself to observe piety and virtue and to be watchful of ourselves in our words, deeds, thoughts and intentions."
"There is no virtue now in blind reliance / On place or person or the forms of love. / The storm bears down the pivotal tree, the cloud / Turns to the net of an inhuman fowler / And drags us from the air."
"Today, it is very easy to find light, sun on daylight, lamps on night. Let us enlighten ourselves with knowledge and virtue, because there will be time when there won't be any light surrounding us, except light from the enlightened."


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It is really incredible how much ink that Robert Samuelson and his colleagues on the Post's opinion and news pages can devote to the budget deficit at a time when 26 million people are unemployed, underemployed or out of work altogether. In a column on Monday Samuelson told us of his "fantasy":
"Retired presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush would tour the country together and apologize. They would apologize for not tackling Social Security and Medicare when they had the chance."
What a fantasy! Here we are sitting in the middle of the wreckage of the housing bubble and we are supposed to be upset at Presidents Clinton and Bush for not cutting Social Security and Medicare.
The bubble economy of course had its origins in the Clinton years. His team applauded the rise of stock prices to ever more irrational levels, somehow thinking that ever greater distortions in the stock market were evidence of a successful economy. In addition, Clinton's Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin was the main promoter of the high dollar policy. This was the origins of the country's huge trade deficit, which is the largest remaining imbalance in the U.S. economy. Clinton also pushed the financial deregulation that helped open the door for the financial crisis of 2008.
President Bush certainly has no better record. The housing bubble grew to ever more dangerous levels right in front of his face. All he could do was celebrate the rise in homeownership as a success in his quest for an "ownership society."
The collapse of these bubbles is projected to cost the country $8.3 trillion. This is more than $27,000 for every man, woman, and child in the country. It might be reasonable to think that our former presidents owed us some sort of apology for leading us into this disaster. But not in Robert Samuelson's world.
In Samuelson's world they should be apologizing that the retirees, who saw their housing wealth decimated by the collapse of the bubble, are living on $1,200 monthly Social Security checks instead of $1,100 monthly checks. And, they should be apologizing that these retirees don't have to pay more money for their health care.
That's really some fantasy that Robert Samuelson has there.
I'm not ordinarily one to complain that a person is not an economist, but when one writes on economics, it does help to have some familiarity with the topic. That does not seem to be the case with the NYT column by James Livingston touting the merits of more consumption.
While part of the story sounds very good -- reverse the upward redistribution from wages to profits -- some of the rest does not make sense. Yes, consumption has grown more than investment over the last century. That happens in every country as it develops. When it is poor, there is a real focus on building up the capital stock to get richer, which means that investment will be a very high share of GDP.
In China investment accounts for close to 50 percent of GDP now, compared to around 20 percent in the U.S. However, as China moves from a rapidly developing country into being a wealthy country, its consumption share of income will almost certainly rise, as was the case with the U.S. and other wealthy countries. This doesn't change the fact that it is investment, not consumption, that provides the basis for productivity gains which will make the country wealthier in the future.
Also Livingstone tells us that we should not worry about the large trade deficit because many of the goods we import are made by U.S.-owned companies. I understand how this helps the shareholders in these companies, but I can't see what this does for the rest of us.
The basic accounting identity here is inescapable. If we have a large trade deficit then must have either large budget deficits or negative private saving or some combination of the two. Over the long-run, that is not a pretty picture.
The Washington Post left readers with the impression that Governor Perry's flat tax proposal would give people the option of staying under the current tax code. It favorably cited a Heritage Foundation analyst comment that:
"it will be difficult for analysts to accurately predict what its economic and fiscal impact would be."
Actually, it should not be very difficult to project the economic and fiscal impact of the plan.
If people are given the option of paying $2 for a gallon of gas or $4 we would usually assume that they would opt to pay $2. Undoubtedly there will be some people who would make mistakes under Governor Perry's plan and end up paying more in taxes than necessary, but presumably most people will get it right and the ones who get it wrong are not likely to be off by much.
As the NYT showed, an analyst of the plan by the Tax Policy Center of the Urban Institute and the Brooking Institution showed that the flat tax would imply a substantial tax increase for most low and middle-income households. These people would presumably keep paying tax at their current rate. However, the Perry plan would provide large reductions in taxes for the highest income taxpayers. Undoubtedly these people, all of whom have professional tax preparers, would take advantage of the large tax cut offered under the Perry plan.
It is a very simple exercise to project the revenue from a tax plan that is likely to leave the tax bill of the bottom 80 percent little changed and provide large tax cuts to top 20 percent and especially the top 1 percent. The result is a large fall in revenue and a big increase in the deficit. The Post misled its readers by implying otherwise.
For those young uns out there, Pets.com was the poster child of the craziness of the 90s stock bubble. At the peak of the bubble it had a market valuation in the hundreds of millions of dollars even though it had never made a profit nor any clear way of making a profit.
While most people now recognize the craziness of the stock bubble years, there are some people, apparently including the NYT editorial board, who still do not recognize the craziness of the housing bubble years. Its editorial today calls for stronger measures from the Obama administration in the hope of "restoring home equity," which in turn it tells readers "is also crucial to getting consumers to spend again."
Umm, no it is not crucial to getting consumers to spend again since consumers are already spending at a higher than normal rate. The saving rate is currently around 5 percent compared to a pre-bubble average of more than 8 percent. It continues to be the case that consumption is higher than normal, not lower than normal. This corresponds to a situation in which households are putting little aside for retirement. That is especially dangerous when almost all the serious people in Washington want to cut their Social Security and Medicare benefits.
In the short term, the demand lost from the housing bubble will have to be filled by government deficits. In the longer term we will have to get the dollar down to increase exports. This is what Mr. Arithmetic says and no one has ever won an argument with him.
David Brooks told readers that the Occupy Wall Street movement it out of step with the country because it favors redistribution while most of the country opposes it. It is not clear what Brooks thinks he means by this.
The country has been seeing enormous redistribution over the last three decades, but it has all been in an upward direction. For example, the government gave trillions of dollars of below market interest rate loans to the largest banks to save them from collapse. The big banks continue to benefit from a too big to fail subsidy.
It has strengthened patent monopolies and sought to impose them on foreign countries through trade agreements. These monopolies provide the basis for huge drug companies like Pfizer and Merck.
The government has also pursued a policy of one-sided enforcement of labor law. The firing of union organizers and other law-breaking measures directed against workers are given a slap on the wrist, whereas unsanctioned strikes are confronted with the full power of the law, with unions seeing assets seized and officers put in jail.
It would not be surprising if most of the country is against this sort of redistribution since 99 percent (or thereabout) are losers from these government interventions. But this is consistent with a populist stance against the wealthy and their abuse of governmental powers to advance their interests.
During the run-up of the housing bubble the Washington Post's main and often exclusive source in stories on the housing market was David Lereah, the chief economist for the National Association of Realtors and the author of the 2005 bestseller, Why The Real Estate Boom Will Not Bust and How You Can Profit From It. A front page article in today's newspaper indicates that its understanding of the housing market has not improved much.
Many of the basic facts in the article are wrong. For example, it tells readers that, "a quarter of all homeowners are 'underwater,'" owing more than their homes are worth. In fact, the correct statement is that a quarter (actually 22.5 percent in the Core Logic piece that is linked to in the piece) of mortgage holders are underwater. Since roughly one-third of all homes do not carry a mortgage, this translates into about 16 percent of all homeowners.
The piece also tells readers that:
"Housing prices remain near a crisis low. Millions of people are deeply indebted, owing more than their properties are worth, and many have lost their homes to foreclosure or are likely to do so. Economists increasingly say that, as a result, Americans are too scared to spend money, depriving the economy of its traditional engine of growth."
Actually, rather than being near a crisis low, house prices can be better described as still being about 10 percent above their trend level. If the Post has some reason to believe that the fundamentals in the housing market justify this divergence from a 100-year long trend in nationwide house prices it should have discussed it in this article.
Also, consumption continues to be higher than normal relative to disposable income, not lower, as this quote asserts. The saving rate is currently hovering near 5 percent, compared to a post-war pre-bubble average of more than 8 percent. Consumption is down relative to its bubble peaks, but this is easily explained by the loss of close to $7 trillion in housing bubble wealth and $6 trillion in stock market wealth, not being too scared to spend.
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis.
The article also includes the bizarre and unsourced assertion that:
"Behind the scenes, Geithner had grave concerns that if courts could change the terms of mortgage loans after the fact, banks would be less likely to lend, reducing the availability of credit in the financial system."
It is certainly possible that Geithner claims that allowing bankruptcy judges to alter mortgages would reduce lending, but the Post has no way of knowing that he actually believed this. As a practical matter, it is difficult to see why it would have much impact on lending, although it would undoubtedly reduce bank profits.
Workers work for pay. Most of the country understands this fact, but apparently the reporters and editors at National Public Radio do not. A Morning Edition segment [sorry, no link yet] on the impact that Alabama's crackdown on illegal immigrants is having on the ability of farms in the state to get workers never once mentioned the wages being offered for this work.
The piece repeated complaints by farmers that they could not get citizens or green card holders to work in their fields because the work is too hard. The inability to get workers presumably reflects the pay being offered. For example, if the farmers were offering $40 an hour plus health care benefits, then they would likely be able to fund people willing to work in their fields.
Of course offering higher wages would make most of these farms unprofitable, but it is not true that people in the United States are literally unwilling to do farm work. The question is the wage at which they would be willing to work.
That is sort of striking since its President Cristina Kirchner seems headed for re-election with a clear majority of the votes. Argentina has also enjoyed the strongest growth over the last decade of any country in Latin America. Nonetheless all 5 of the NYT's sources in an article discussing the election were critical of Kirchner.
This quote deserves special mention:
"'This election really seemed to defy the normal rules of politics,' said Michael Shifter, the president of the Inter-American Dialogue in Washington. 'But that is what happens when things are going well in the economy and there is a dearth of alternatives.'"
It really should not have been hard to find someone who has positive things to say about President Kirchner. It appears that the NYT is relying on a narrow range of sources who are more in tune with Argentina's creditors than the majority of the Argentine population.
The article at one point comments negatively about the state of Argentina's economy, noting that growth is expected to slow to 4.6 percent next year. This rate would still be almost a full percentage point faster than the average growth rate in Brazil over the last decade. Brazil is described as a positive contrast to Argentina in the article.
The NYT discussed Defense Secretary Leon Panetta's responsibilities and told readers that one of the issues on the table is "the financial health of a debt-ridden country." It is not clear how the NYT made the determination that the United States is debt ridden. The financial markets seem to disagree with its assessment since they are willing to lend money to the United States at very low interest rates.
The more obvious economic problem is massive unemployment and the fact that the economy is operating far below its potential and is projected to continue to do so long into the future. If the NYT were listing the economic problems facing the country, unemployment might be the more obvious one to mention, but in any case, the sort of speculation that appears in this article is ordinarily left to opinion pages.
Dean Baker is co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research in Washington, D.C. He is the author of several books, his latest being The End of Loser Liberalism: Making Markets Progressive. Read more about Dean. Archives
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text:
How should you encode the actual value for a Java Cookie object? I cannot pass characters like '=' or any character outside US-ASCII.
/Br joynes
A cautionary note:
This sounds like you want to store arbitrary settings in a cookie. This is generally not a good idea, because cookies (like all client input) are untrusted. Consider storing the data server-side under some generated (random!) identifier, and putting that into the cookie. That way people cannot circumvent access restrictions or inject arbitrary data into your system through manipulated cookies.
If you cannot use this approach, treat cookie values as untrusted input and verify it as usual.
Base64 is not appropriate, as it uses "=", which Java cookies do not support. Rather use
which only uses characters appropriate for cookies.
Use hex or URL-safe version of Base64 to encode it if you have unsafe chars. Regular Base64 can't be used as cookie values. Older Tomcat used to allow illegal chars in it like "=" but newer versions start to enforce the cookie rules now.
as i understand you need something like this String name="Женя";Cookie cookie=new Cookie("name",new String(name.getBytes("cp1251"),"utf8"));response.addCookie(cookie);
my php cookie value encode function:


text: Natalie Guzzo 11/20/2008 Hi Rice family!! Its been so long since I've contacted you all and I hope all is well. Lance, it sounds like you are doing well. I hope you are enjoying college. Happy Holidays. Natalie Read more of Natalie Guzzo's guestbook post from Nov 20, 2008 7:25am


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That full moon face is about to catch my fade if she opens her mouth again.
by rb1280 July 27, 2010


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It seems like age is simply just a number, especially when it comes to running. For example, even though the world's oldest runner Fauja Singh, 101, couldn't provide his birth certificate for an official spot in the Guinness Book of World Records after running the Scotiabank Toronto Waterfront Marathon, he still became an Internet sensation in 2011 after reaching the finish line in eight hours back.
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Miss America runner-up hosts new court show
Meet Faith Jenkins — former Miss Louisiana, a Miss America runner-up and the host of TV's newest court show. Jenkins will preside over the syndicated "Judge Faith," airing weekdays on...
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Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
March 5, 1974 A. JACOB PROCESS AND MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES Filed Ilay 12, 1972 26 VENT m oqoot'momo' 00) H ,MECHANIGAL 7 VACUUM PUMP 4 2 2O l8 38 34 38 36' 38 @8335 z'z'a'vw wax 3 3o FIGURE I FIGURE 2 United States Patent O 3,795,557 PROCESS AND MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTUR- ING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES Adir Jacob, West Roxbury, Mass., assignor to LFE Corporation, Waltham, Mass. Filed May 12, 1972, Ser. No. 252,863 Int. Cl. C23f 1/02; H011 7/50 US. Cl. 1568 12 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates in general to a process and material useful in analytical procedures, and more particularly to a process and material useful in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, enabling the etching of various metals (molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, etc.) and common passivation or diffusion barrier materials (e.g., SiO, SiO Si N during the processing of such devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the conventional technique for the manufacture of semiconductor devices, a slice of semiconductor material (por n-type accepts a relatively thin layer, typically 5,000 to 10,000 A., of an insulating film grown or deposited on one or both of its surfaces. A layer of photoresist material is then spun onto the insulating layer of one side, and is subsequently exposed to UV light through a mask having openings corresponding to those areas on the semiconductor slice where it is desired to generate semiconductor junctions. After exposure of the photoresist material through the mask, the mask is removed and the layer of photoresist is developed and processed by means of a suitable solvent, exposing select areas of the underlying insulating layer. A wet acid-based dip is then used to etch the insulating layer from the surface of the semiconductor slice in the exposed areas, the remaining photoresist material serving as an etch-mask for the surface covered by it. Following the wet etching process, a water rinse and a drying step are implemented. The remainder of the photoresist material is subsequently removed, followed by an acid dip required for the removal of inorganic residues. The photoresist material can also be removed by a plasma process utilizing the halocarbon-oxygen gaseous mixtures disclosed by the present inventor in his US. patent application, Ser. No. 173,537, filed Aug. 20, 1971. Following a further drying step, dilfusion of dopant material into the exposed areas of the semiconductor slice ('where there is no insulating layer) is commenced to produce a predetermined junction.
Patented Mar. 5, 1974 Among the problems and drawbacks associated with the etching step used in this particular technique are:
(1) Physical degradation of a photoresist etch mask.
(2) Finite chemical degradation of a metallic etch mask.
(3) Impairment of line-line resolution due to (1) and/ (4) Enhanced undercutting effects creating undesirable slopes of the etched channel.
(5) Severe chemical degradation (corrosion) of underlying metalization layers; e.g., aluminum in multileveled structures.
(6) Slow and technically elaborate etching of silicon monoxide and silicon nitride.
(7) Required post-etch water rinse and drying steps invariably reducing production yields.
(8) Short shelf-life of etching solution due to inevitable contamination.
(9) Generally very hazardous to personnel and undesirably polluting.
Accordingly, the general object of the present invention is to provide an improved process and new material that overcome the aforementioned problems and provide uniform etching reactions at a rapid rate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a gas discharge flow apparatus adapted to form a gaseous plasma within a reaction chamber. It has been discovered that if the generated plasma comprises reactive species resulting from the decomposition and excitation of a gaseous binary mixture of oxygen and a halocarbon that includes flourine as a major substituent, passivation layers or diffusion barriers (e.g., SiO, SiO Si N can be etched in excess of 3000 A./min. without degradation of an organic photoresist etch mask. Polycrystalline and single crystals of silicon, and a variety of metals (e.g., molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, etc.) can be etched in excess of 2000 A./min. under similar conditions. While the above etch rates are commensurate with the preservation of an organic photoresist etch mask in this chemically hostile environment, appreciably higher etch rates can be achieved with the utilization of metallic etch masks (e.g., aluminum, gold, etc.). Metallic etch masks are normally attacked by aqueous acidic etch solutions currently in use; however, they are chemically inert to the etching plasma disclosed herein.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an illustration in diagrammatic form of a gas discharge flow system useful in the process of this invention; and
FIG. 2 is an illustration in cross-sectional view of a typical semiconductor slice at an intermediate stage of the manufacturing process.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 1 depicts diagrammatically an apparatus performing the process described in the invention. The apparatus includes a reactor chamber 2, typically made of quartz,
having a cover 4 and a gas inlet manifold 6. The side of the reactor 2 has been partially broken away in the drawing so as to better illustrate the gas diffusion tubes 7 which are disposed therein and are externally connected to manifold 6. Such a reactor is disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,619,402, issued on Nov. 9, 1971, and assigned to LFE Corporation.
A pressurized supply 8 of a binary gaseous mixture comprised of oxygen and a halocarbon gas described below is connected through a pressure regulating valve 10, a three-way solenoid valve 12, and a fiowmeter 14 to manifold 6. A vacuum gauge 16 provides an indication of total reaction pressure in reactor 2. At any time, and prior to introduction of the gas mixture to manifold 6, the corersponding flow lines are constantly evacuated through the three-way solenoid valve 12 leading to the mechanical vacuum pump 18, this being the case also under conditions where air at atmospheric pressure prevails in reactor 2 through the utilization of the three-way isolation valve 20. A source of radio frequency power 22 provides exciting energy through a matching network 24 to coil 26 which surrounds reaction chamber 2. Preferably, inductor 26 consists of a multiturn coil having two coil sections whose respective coil turns are wound in opposite directions, as disclosed in US. patent application, Ser. No. 186,739, filed on Oct. 5, 1971, now Pat. No. 3,705,091, and assigned to LFE Corporation. Although the binary gaseous mixture is preferably premixed and supplied to the reactor from a single container 8, it will be apparent that the oxygen and halocarbon gases may, if desired, be supplied from separate sources via separate flow lines and mixed within either manifold 6 or reactor 2. In operation, the gaseous mixture is admitted to reaction chamber 2 where the inductively coupled radio frequency energy creates a cold plasma. Such a reaction system is commercially available from the Process Control Division of LFE Corporation, under the trade designation PDE-301 or PDE-504. Typically, the RF power employed is between 175 and 225 watts continous radiation at 13.5 mHz.
The general process is one in which as many as 25 semi-conductor wafers at an appropriate stage of the manufacturing process are placed in reactor 2 and exposed to the plasma generated by the admission of an appropriate gaseous mixture of oxygen and a halocarbon gas. For the appropriate reactions to take place, the reaction chamber is evacuated to a residual pressure of 20 to 50 microns mercury prior to the admission of the gaseous etchant. The process provides rapid and uniform etching of dielectrics (up to 5000 A./min.) across a typical production batch of semiconductor slices with negligible loss of an organic etch mask.
In FIG. 2 there is shown in cross-sectional view a portion of a typical semiconductoor device at a suitable processing stage for the utilization of this invention. The semiconductor device consists of a semiconductor material 30, such as silicon (or GaAs, GaAsP, InSb) having a relatively thin (200 to 10,000 A.) layer of a dielectric material 32 (e.g., SiO, SiO Si N either deposited. or thermally grown onto it. This dielectric layer 32 (sometimes p or n-type doped) is to be etched at the openings 34 and 36 in the overlying photoresist mask 38. These openings or windows in the etch mask 38 represent fractional areas of less than 1 percent to 80 percent of the total area of the semiconductor slice, and correspond to positions on the semiconductor slice where it is desired to form a semiconductor junction by a subsequent ditfusion of suitable dopants.
If the semiconductor device, as depicted in FIG. 2, is exposed to the prescribed plasma formed from a gaseous mixture of oxygen and a halocarbon gas or vapor, the photoresist material will stay intact while the exposed dielectric film 32 will be etched down to the semiconductor layer 30 in openings 34 and 36. It has been found that an effective halocarbon should be selected from the group of organohalides having no more than two carbon atoms per molecule and in which the carbon atoms are attached to a predominance of fluorine atoms. If a liquid halocarbon is considered, it should have a boiling point between 20 and C. associated with a vapor pressure of at least 50 torr at 25 C. The preferred gaseous mixture is produced from a mixture containing 8.5 percent by volume of oxygen and 91.5 percent tetrafiuoromethane gas. This optimum combination can be supplied from a prepared pressurized mixture maintained in a commercially available metal cylinder. Careful and close control of this dry etching process will permit the manufacture of semiconductor devices with high line-line resolution (0.15 mil.). It also provides a significant reduction in the undercutting of the etch mask, coupled with the option to control the slope of the etched channel. It further provides an efficient and simultaneous means for etching various dielectrics with an insignificant chemical or physi cal deterioration of over-exposed underlying substrates such as aluminum, gallium arsenide, indium antimonide,
garnets, etc. Satisfactory results were achieved with mixtends to result in an excessive etch rate of the dielectric layer 32 with associated degradation of the photoresist mask and the line-line resolution. Increasing the mole fraction of the halocarbon beyond 0.5 tends to appreciably reduce the average etch rate.
The successful operation of this process is believed to include competitive homogeneous and heterogenous reactions in the plasma such that atomic oxygen, generated by the decomposition of molecular oxygen, reacts with solid silicon dioxide layers to form a reduced silicon oxide entity, e.g., silicon monoxide. This lower oxide of silicon is further converted by the fluorocarbon-based plasma to either volatile silicon tetrafiuoride, SiF or to volatile silicon oxyfiuoride, Si OF that is removed with the main gas stream to the vacuum pump. This reaction path, via the lower oxide of silicon, gives rise to thermochemically preferable reaction products as opposed to products that will ensue from the direct attack of either fluorine atoms or fluorinated hydrocarbon radicals on a silicon dioxide solid film. As a result, the presence of molecular oxygen in the etchant mixture enhances the etching (volatilization) of commonly encountered silicon dioxide films, since this reaction is coupled with a correspondingly higher probability of occurrence. By the same token, it is also believed that etching of silicon nitride layers proceeds via a similar lower oxide of silicon. In this case, the overall reaction is more exothermic, leading to a correspondingly enhanced etching of silicon nitride over silicon dioxide-a much desired result currently unobtainable within the semiconductor industry. It is this very feature of the plasma etch process that enables the direct photoresist masking of silicon nitride layers prior to etching, as opposed to indirect masking of such films by silicon dioxide and photoresist films in a multistep procedure currently employed with wet chemical etchants.
It has been found that the mixtures and operating parameters set forth below produce acceptable results in the described process. These parameters are intended to optimize the etch. rate of dielectric films at negligible loss or degradation of any commercially available organic photoresist etch masks. Higher gaseous flow rates, RF power levels, etc., will enable correspondingly higher etch rates which may be used in conjunction with inorganic (e.g., metal) etch masks whose degradation is substantially avoided with this etching process.
Etohant Total Etch flow rate pressure RF Percent rate (A (mlcromoles (microns power area No. minr Etchaut see- Hg) (watts) Material etched etched wafers 42. 6 695 200 'Ih. S101 40 1 390 9 220 150 Th. SiOz 1 620 55 850 250 Th. SiOz 20 1 1, 000
22 450 150 Dep. SiOz on AL. 5 1 2, 600
45 690 200 Molybdenum- 7O 1 1, 500
1 Th.=Thermally oxidized. 2 Dep.=Vapor deposited.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for chemically converting material in a plasma environment, comprising the step of:
exposing the material to a gaseous plasma formed from a binary mixture consisting essentially of oxygen and a halocarbon having no more than two carbon atoms per molecule, wherein at least one carbon atom in said molecule is linked to a predominance of fluorine atoms to produce as an intermediate low order oxides.
2. A process for etching material in a plasma environment comprising the step of:
exposing the material to a gaseous plasma formed from a binary mixture consisting essentially of oxygen and a halocarbon having only one carbon atom per molecule, said carbon atom being linked to a predominance of fluorine atoms to produce as an intermediate a low order oxide.
3. A process as in claim 2 wherein the reaction temperature is within the range of to 300 degrees centigrade.
4. A process as in claim 2 wherein said halocarbon gas includes at least one hydrogen atom.
5. A process as in claim 2 wherein said halocarbon and said oxygen are supplied to a reactor from separate sources.
6. A process as in claim 2 wherein said halocarbon and said oxygen are supplied to a reactor from a common premixed source.
7. A process as in claim 6 wherein said gaseous binary mixture contains 8.5 percent oxygen and 91.5 percent tetrafluoromethane by volume,
said mixture being supplied to said reactor at a total flow rate within the range of 9 to 55 micromoles per second corresponding total pressures of 220 to 850 microns mercury, and having RF energy coupled to said mixture within the range of 20 to 400 watts.
8. A composition of matter, useful for chemically converting material in a plasma environment, consisting essentially of a binary gaseous mixture of oxygen and a halocarbon having no more than two carbon atoms per molecule, wherein at least one carbon atom in said molecule is linked to a predominance of fluorine atoms.
9. A composition of matter, useful in a process for etching material in the presence of an organic etch mask by forming fluorine-based and oxyfiuoride-based compounds volatile in a low pressure-low temperature plasma, consisting essentially of a binary gaseous mixture of oxygen and tetrafluoromethane wherein said mixture contains 1 to 25 percent oxygen by volume.
10. A composition of matter, useful in a process for etching material in the absence of an organic etch mask by forming fluorine-based and oxyfiuoride-based compounds volatile in a low pressure-low temperature plasma, consisting essentially of a binary gaseous mixture of oxygen and tetrafiuoromethane wherein said mixture contains 1 to percent oxygen by volume.
11. A composition of matter, useful in a process for etching material in the presence of a metal etch mask by forming fluorine-based and oxyfluoride-based compounds volatile in a low pressure-low temperature plasma, consisting essentially of a binary gaseous mixture of oxygen and tetrafiuoromethane wherein said mixture contains 1 to 75 percent oxygen by volume.
12. A composition of matter, useful in a process for manufacturing semiconductors, comprising a binary gaseous mixture of oxygen and tetrafluoromethane, said oxygen constituting 8.5 percent of the mixture by volume.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,615,956 10/1971 Irving et al 156-17 WILLIAM A. POWELL, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
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Entertainment News Archive - April 17, 2012
Power of persistence - Make money by Dr.
Refreshing spin on award-winning PC puzzler results in rousing release of Cubis Creatures for iPhone and iPad. Columbus, Ohio (PRWEB) April 17, 2012
Micah Solomon, customer service and hospitality speaker, expert, and author, confirmed as keynote speaker for the Passkey Housing Forum in Austin Texas, May 15-17 2012, a prime hospitality industry
Combating data, privacy and identity theft exposures requires a comprehensive strategy. Identity Fraud, Inc.
San Francisco Singer/Songwriter Aoede Releases New Full-Length Album: Skeletons of the Muse - Artist Garners Accolades, Awards, Success & Devout Fans While Battling a Rare and Debilitating
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The Geographical Sciences are one of the new key categories covered by the Sciences Social Network ScienceIndex.com. This main category is subdivided into Astronomy, Geology and Meteorology.
One of the largest poetry events in the UK is a rigorous peer review prize.
Vinny shares his struggle with chronic anxiety in his new book, 'Control the Crazy,' as well as in a national speaking tour. Boston, MA (PRWEB) April
Eco Geek Living, an online retailer dedicated to connecting consumers with environmentally-friendly solutions empowering them to enjoy their electronics in any environment, will unveil several
- Forsooth! indeed! originally a parenthetical phrase used in repeating the words of another with more or less contempt or disdain.