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... gardens. Cloud Gate is an interesting structure that hosts outdoor events, a steel structure with seating and grassed area for enjoying the performance. Anish Kapoor has an installation here also. A huge bean shaped object delivering some amazing reflections of both buildings and people. Just ambling along a a huge pod of bikies appear at the light. We watch as the first few stop the oncoming traffic to allow possibly 50 bikes and ...
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Great day in Chicago. Haha Mostly in Union Station, however, I did venture out alone and walk the city and get a mani/pedi that I didn't have time for before I left. It was relaxing after not sleeping much on the train. Can't say we tried any good food here, but it is really not one of our stops that I spent a lot of time planning, as we are not even here for over night.
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The Night Before the Grand Adventure
Tomorrow, we head off on the adventure of a lifetime to Nairobi, Kenya. I am currently finishing up last minute packing with the intention of carrying on my luggage instead of checking it. But as usual there always seems to be more stuff than anticipated. I am not worried about fitting everything in my suitcase but there is weight limit of 17.6 lbs. It doesn't take much to get over the limit. I ...


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text: Advertising Sony Wimbledon 3D ad - video Sorry, your browser is unable to play this video. Please install Adobe Flash™ and try again. Alternatively upgrade to a modern browser. Viral campaign to raise awareness of Sony filming the Wimbledon finals in 3D that spoofs the electronics firm's 'Balls' ad. Produced by ad agency Crayon Source: Crayon Wednesday 15 June 2011 09.06 EDT Last modified on Thursday 23 August 2012 04.33 EDT Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share via Email Share on LinkedIn Share on Google+ Share on WhatsApp Topics Advertising Wimbledon


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- 317 total posts
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Reviews by nubootyatlstyle
I have been wanting this surgery so long now is the time to get it. i have 3 kids and i had a c-section so now i have a kangaroo pouch and i want to know will a dr be able to get my stomach flat? i have fat on my stomach n lower back. i want to get a bbl and lipo. i weigh 190 do i need to lose... READ MORE
i'm really - Houston, TX
The time is getting near n I am oh so ready. Its been a long journey but it's time for me to take care of me. If any if u bbl sister's are needing help with ur travel/hotel accommodations. I am a travel agent that can get u low prices n also in a hotel that's in the area of the dr's office... READ MORE
Questions from nubootyatlstyle
Is it Necessary for Clients to Give Themselves Shots After BBL?
I was told that after the clients have the bbl surgery that some dr's have been giving them syringes with medication so that they can give themselves shots after the surgery to... READ MORE
Do Any Dr's in the South Take No Patient Left Behind Loan Please Come Forth?
I'm looking for a dr in the south that take nplb loan's because I want to get my surgery done in the south. Thanks in advance. READ MORE
I want to know a figure of price for the bbl?
With the pricing for the bbl does it include the anesthesia operating room the garment and lab work? I have a kangaroo pouch from a c-section and I want aggressive lipo for a... READ MORE
Clearance From Primary?
If i choose to get a bbl out of my state would it require a clearance from my primary dr if i don't have any health problems. i was told that clients have to inject lovenox... READ MORE
Bbl Surgeon in Cali That Finance???
Seeking a bbl surgeon in the Cali area that finance bbl surgery? Looking to get it done asap with no delay in consultation and appointment. Need a surgeon that has no long... READ MORE
After Care of a Bbl Surgery?
What is all recommended for after care? What medication is proscribed? Can medication be taken over the counter for the pain? READ MORE
I weigh 196lbs body fat is like 39 percent how many lbs would equal to 1500cc's in each buttock?
Need to get it done ASAP READ MORE
Over 45, How to Prep and Get Ready for BBL?
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Am I a good candidate for a butt lift?
I am a 49 yr old african american female. My bmi is between 27-29%. I weigh 209 lbs but it doesn't look like it. I am a 38DD. waist 38, hips 42. READ MORE
Recent comments from nubootyatlstyle
Hey chica...Did he say you we're okay with the weight or is he saying you need to lose some weight bc a lot of dr's are telling me I need to lose. I don't see the weight it's only in my stomach nowhere else. I want this surgery like asap. READ COMMENT
Chica u look marvelous...Dr.O did that u are snatched to the godz!!! He is Miami best kept secret. READ COMMENT
I'm 5'5 and I know going to have to get some weight off me before I have the surgery. What was total cost you were quoted at? I plan on having it this year hopefully before summer comes in good. What app did you use for your after... READ COMMENT
I was thinking about going to Hasan or Fisher myself. My BMI is 29 I weigh 219lbs but its solid it dont look like that heavy. i see it in my stomach and breast area but I wqnt this surgery done like yesterday. Where did you get your... READ COMMENT
U LOOK FABALOUS...HUGHES DID AN AWESOME JOB WITH U...HOW MANY CC's. DID U BC RECEIVE BC THAT BOOTY HAS IT'S OWN ZIP CODE..HUGHES IS SO SEXY....'LOL READ COMMENT


text:
A method of operation for use in a radio communications system comprising a cellular netword of base stations and mobile units linked to such base stations, the method comprising the following steps, with respect to any base station operable to provide direct radio communication with mobile units linked thereto: (i) detecting that a base station has become isolated from the system, and, in consequence, (ii) changing relative to one another the output power level of said isolated base station and the output power level of one or more selected neighbouring co-channel base stations of the cellular system, whereby the isolated base station continues to communicate with the mobile stations served by it under conditions which are adjusted to deal with the isolation condition.
1. A method of operation for use in a radio communications system comprising a cellular network of base stations and mobile units linked to such base stations, the method comprising the following steps, with respect to any base station operable to provide direct radio communication with mobile units linked thereto:
(i) detecting that a base station has become isolated from the system, and, in consequence,
(ii) changing relative to one another the output power level of the isolated base station and the output power level of at least one selected neighboring base stations of the cellular system.
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23. A base station for use in a cellular communication system, the base station being operable, upon detecting that it has become isolated from the system or that a nearby co-channel base station has become isolated from the system, to change its own operating power level relative to the output power level of at least one other base station.
24. A base station according to
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27. A cellular communication system for maintaining radio communication between mobile communication units via a cellular network of base stations, wherein the system is operable according to a method wherein, with respect to any base station operable to provide direct radio communication with mobile units linked thereto:
(i) to detect that a base station has become isolated from the system, and, in consequence,
(ii) to change relative to one another the output power level of the isolated base station and the output power level of one or more selected neighboring base stations of the cellular system;
wherein each of the base stations of the system is programmed to change its own operating power level upon that station or a nearby co-channel station becoming isolated from the system in accordance with the method.
[0001] This invention relates to cellular radio communication systems and methods and equipment for use therein. More particularly, the invention relates to systems comprising a cellular network of base stations each serving mobile units in its location and a method for maintaining interconnection between mobile units in the event of accidental isolation of one or more of the base stations from the system.
[0002] A cellular radio communication system, such as illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, generally consists of an array of base transceiver stations 12 that are deployed over the area of coverage of the system and connected via a network of broadband links 14 to each other and to a central switch or controller 16. Each base station 12 sends radio signals (over a downlink 17) to, and receives radio signals (over an uplink 19) from, mobile transceiver units 18 (also to be referred to as subscriber units or subscribers) located within an area surrounding it, or within a sector thereof, termed a cell. The mobile transceiver units 18 may be mobile telephones, mobile data communication units or portable or vehicle mounted radio units or the like. The size of a cell (e.g. its radius about the base station) is defined as that over which a usable signal is received from the respective base station and largely depends on the power at which its transmitter operates downlink (to be referred to, for brevity, as the �power� of the base station); this subject is discussed further below. The exact siting and programmed power of each base station are planned, according to, inter alia, the topography of the area, so as to provide continuous coverage by the cells, with overlapping regions. Each base station is assigned a set of physical channels, over which it communicates with the mobile subscriber units within its cell. Such a set of channels is usually characterized by a group of unique carrier frequencies, but may also be distinguished by other multiplexing methods known in the art, such as CDMA (code division multiple access). There is a finite number of such channel sets and these are assigned to the various base stations so that, at the very least, no adjacent cells share a channel set and preferably so that cells or base stations sharing a channel set, termed co-channel cells or co-channel base stations, are mutually distant sufficiently to keep mutual interference below some given threshold value. An ideal layout (which may arise in a situation of homogenous topography and requirements) is schematically depicted in FIG. 2, as an illustrative example. Here the base stations and their associated cells are arranged in a regular hexagonal cell grid and they are assigned seven sets of channels. A channel re-use pattern in a network of cells in a system operating as shown in FIG. 1 is thus shown in FIG. 2. The numerals in the cells in FIG. 2 indicate use in each cell of a particular channel, e.g. frequency, in the set of seven channels numbered 1 to 7. In a practical network, the base stations are generally deployed in a much less regular manner and the shapes and sizes of their associated cells will vary. The present invention is equally applicable to any system, having any cell size and shape and any deployment topology.
[0003] Generally each mobile unit can receive signals from several proximate base stations. Each received signal is characterized by a carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) and a carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I), where the interference is mainly from nearby co-channel base stations. Both ratios depend on the current downlink power of the corresponding base station; the C/I, however also depends on the current power of the nearby co-channel base stations. These ratios can be measured by the mobile subscriber unit and compared against each other, as well as with stored threshold values. A mobile unit is generally programmed initially to scan the channels (e.g. the frequencies) and to select that with the highest C/I and/or highest C/N and then to establish communication with the corresponding base station, which thus becomes the so-called active base station. The mobile subscriber unit is then said to be linked to the active base station. When any of the two ratios drops below a certain respective threshold level (owing to changing location or other causes), in some types of systems the power of the base station at the respective channel is raised and if it has reached its maximum programmed value, which in other systems (notably those based on TDMA�time divison multiple access) is always the case, a so-called reselection process is initiated, whereby the mobile unit selects from among other received signals the one with the highest C/I and/or C/N, switches communication to the corresponding channel and thus becomes linked to the corresponding base station, which becomes its active base station. In effect, the mobile subscriber unit thus moves from one cell to another (usually adjacent) cell. If all mobile units have the same threshold values stored, they would generally undergo reselection, upon moving away from the active base station, at about the same distance�which defines the effective range (or just �range�) of the base station or the boundary (and hence, size) of the cell. Thus, clearly, the effective boundary of any cell is a function of the stored threshold values, as well as of the power of the active base station and of any interfering co-channel base stations for each channel. For any system, threshold values and (as mentioned above) also the base stations deployment topology and power values are generally chosen so that the areas within the effective boundaries of adjacent cells (i.e. the ranges of their corresponding base stations) overlap substantially, in order to have sufficient margin of safety for contiguous service.
[0004] It is to be noted that the total power transmitted by any base station is the sum of the powers of all active channels and is limited by the capacity of the transmitter's power amplifier. In general, the power levels of all channels (or their maximum values, in systems where the levels vary according to reception conditions) in any one base station are set so that the total power is below the amplifier's capacity�to correspond with the designed range of the respective cell. This setting of power levels (whether of individual channels or of the overall power) is usually achieved through appropriate programming and thus can, in principle, be changed�e.g. when various conditions change; such a change is, however, not a common practice and is generally done only through intentional directed programming, as part of a system re-design.
[0005] Typically, a mobile unit has a programmable digital controller, which stores various parameters related to the communication process, including, in particular, those related to monitoring and calculating C/N and C/I ratios of received signals, identifying adjacent cells and controlling the reselection process. These parameters can be downloaded from the system over a control channel during system operation.
[0006] A communication path between any two mobile units 18 within a cellular system usually consists of the radio link between each of them and its respective base transceiver station 12 and the path through the wide-band network 14 between each of the base stations 12. Each radio link between a base station 12 and a mobile unit 18 consists of the downlink 17 and the uplink 19. If the two mobile units are within the same cell, the link may consist of their radio links only, if the base station is so programmed, in which case they are said to be directly connected. One method for such direct connection, for example, is the use of so-called site trunking protocols. Another method, to be explained in the next following paragraph, is aimed at group calls.
[0007] Each base station 12 typically includes a digital controller 11 and a digital program store 13 (for software programs and data), which together serve to control the communication process between the linked mobile units 18 and other base stations and the central switch 16 (and where appropriate with agents external to the system). Similarly, the central switch 16 includes a digital program store 15, to serve in controlling communication with all of the base stations 12 and with the external world beyond the system network.
[0008] The present invention is applicable to any type of cellular communication system, but it is particularly suitable for use in the so-called Private Mobile Radio system (PMR) or Trunked Mobile Radio (TMR) system�especially when having provision for group calls. In such a system, which generally serves for dispatch mode of service (i.e. ready communication within a �fleet� of mobile subscriber units, usually belonging to one organization), the users share common channel resources, and are directed to use these resources under the control of a central controlling entity; the latter is usually the central switch of the system, but in cases such as addressed by the present invention it may be a fallback base station. During a group call, a defined group of mobile subscriber units (usually a subset of the fleet) is interconnected so that all their operators can listen simultaneously to any one of them talling. In many cases, mobile subscriber units defined to belong to a group are frequently located within a relatively small geographic area (for example, members of a police unit patrolling a town). Often this area is, to a great extent, congruent with a cell�sometimes by design of the system. A group call between mobile subscriber units linked to the same base station is generally carried out by direct connection (i.e. not through the central switch)�usually by means of a shared channel; this is a semi-duplex mode of communication, whereby all members of the group within the cell use the same channel pair, one member doing the talking over the uplink channel and all others listening over the downlink channel. Communication with group members in other cells is carried out over the usual path, which includes the central switch, where the appropriate connections are made.
[0009] For normal operation of the cellular network 14 shown in FIG. 1, each base station 12 is connected either by radio communication and/or by a physical line connection to other terminals, especially other base stations 12. Each base station 12 is thereby connected directly or indirectly to the central switch 16 as indicated in FIG. 1. In such normal use, network control signals to and from the central switch as well as traffic signal (signals representing speech, data etc) are sent via this network of links.
[0010] Among the faults that may accidentally occur in an operational system, two give rise to problems which are solved by the present invention. The first one occurs when a base station loses its link to one or more other base stations and becomes partially or totally isolated. In consequence, the base station may also become disconnected from the central controller or switch. In such a case, all mobile units currently served by this base station may continue to be served by this station or, if appropriate, may communicate with other mobile units within range directly. However, indirect connections to mobile units served by other base stations normally connected to the isolated base station via the lost link(s) will be lost.
[0011] The second operational fault may occur when all, or a large number of, base stations of the network become isolated from one another or from the network infrastructure, for example owing to a fault in the network or in the central switch. In this case, of course, all inter-cell communications will be lost and, again, only intra-cell or direct communications will be possible.
[0012] In many installed PMR or TMR systems, large groups of subscribers, with their respective mobile subscriber units, are often located within relatively small geographic regions (e.g. towns), with most of the communication traffic occurring within any group. Much of this traffic may be in the form of group calls. Such a region is typically covered by a few contiguous cells and each mobile subscriber unit is serviced by the base station providing the best signal. If one of these base stations becomes isolated, a so-called fallback situation is declared and a fallback procedure is initiated. The main objective now becomes to keep as many subscribers as possible interconnected�which, in most cases, means keeping as many groups as possible intra-connected. One of two general situations may be discerned: (a) one or more groups are largely located within the isolated cell or immediately adjacent to it; (b) most subscribers within the isolated cell are not interconnected and do not belong to a common group.
[0013] There is thus a clear need for a method and system that will further increase the number of mobile units that remain interconnected in fallback situations caused by individual or massive isolation of base stations from the cellular system.
[0014] GB-A-280570A describes a procedure for dealing with the isolation of a cell caused by failure of its base station whereby service to mobile units within the cell is lost, i.e. it is assumed that the output from the affected base station is lost. This procedure involves expanding the range of adjacent cells by increase of their output power. The procedure is intended to provide communication coverage to some of the mobile units which have lost service from the failed base station. By implication, the cells adjacent to the one which has failed are on a different frequency to provide this bordering coverage.
[0015] The present invention is concerned with providing an improved method of operating a cellular communication system. The system maybe a digital cellular radio communication system and may be a system wherein adjacent cells within a given group operate at different frequencies and the frequencies and preferably the frequency pattern from cell to cell used within the group are repeated in other groups of the network. It is an object of the present invention to provide in such a system a method for increasing the number of mobile units remaining in mutual communication in the event that a base station of one of the cells becomes isolated from the system, owing to a failure in its linkage with the network controller or switch, as well as in the event that a large number of base stations become mutually isolated, owing to system failure.
[0016] Such an object is realised in accordance with the invention by a method which includes (i) detecting a failure condition relating to the given base station whereby one or more links of the base station to other base stations of the system is or are lost and, in consequence; and (ii) changing the output power level of one or more neighbouring base stations; and is characterised in that in the failure condition the given base station is partially or totally isolated from other base stations but is still in radio communication with its served mobile units and the finite output power level of the given isolated base station and the finite output power level of one or more selected co-channel base stations of neighbouring cells of the cellular system are changed relative to one another, whereby the range of communications provided by the given base station is changed to a different finite value relative to that provided by the said co-channel base station or stations.
[0017] Thus, a fallback mode of operation is initiated such that some mobile units served by the isolated base station may remain in mutual communication with the isolated based station.
[0018] More particularly, in the event that a single base station becomes isolated from the system, a first form of the method is as follows. This form may be applied as a fallback procedure in the situation where the isolated base station is designated by the system to be favoured, e.g. a concentrated group of mobile units exists or is expected to exist near to that base station and/or that base station provides a relatively wide area coverage compared with neighbouring co-channel stations which are base stations operating on the same frequency as the isolated station. The favoured designation may have been previously set during system design and implementation or it may be detected by the system on the occasion when the isolation event occurs. This form of the method includes increasing the output operational power level of the isolated base station, whilst possibly also decreasing the output operational power level of neighbouring co-channel base stations. This form of the method increases C/I ratio over the coverage area of the isolated base station, thus extending the coverage area of the isolated base station and this facilitates more mobile units remaining linked to this base station or switching over to this base station from co-channel base stations of neighbouring cells.
[0019] A second form of the method may be applied as a fallback procedure in the situation where the isolated base station is not designated by the system to be favoured, i.e. the number of mobile units linked to the station is or is expected to be lower than the number linked to neighbouring co-channel stations and/or the area of coverage provided by the station is smaller than that provided by neighbouring co-channel stations. The unfavoured designation may have been previously set during system design and implementation or it may be detected by the system on the occasion when the isolation event occurs. The second form of the method includes decreasing (including where appropriate reducing to zero) the output operational power level of the isolated base station, whilst possibly also increasing the output power level of neighbouring co-channel base stations. This decreases the C/I ratio of the isolated station and shrinks the coverage area of the isolated station facilitating mobile units to switch over, or stay linked, to neighbouring base stations.
[0020] A third form of the method of the invention may be applied as a fallback procedure in the situation where many or all of the base stations become isolated, e.g. owing to a system failure. This form includes having certain base stations designated as key stations, according to their expected higher degree of common coverage of mobile units, and having other base stations, having a lower expected degree of coverage, designated as non-key stations. This form of the method further includes, in the event of isolation of a large number of the base stations, e.g. due to a network failure, increasing or at least maintaining the output operational power level of all key stations, whilst possibly also decreasing or switching off the power level of other base stations, designated as non-key stations. The range of the key stations is thereby extended and this facilitates more mobile units being allowed to link, or remain linked, to key base stations.
[0021] The method of the present invention may include use of an automatic procedure programmed into the control system of the base stations and/or the network controller or switch during system setup, to effect the specified changes which are required following sensing of an isolation event. Such procedures are described further below.
[0022] The method according to the invention may include, in the case of each base station which has changed output power level as a result of the isolation event, sensing that the isolation event has finished and returning the base station to the output power level existing during normal operation before the isolation event.
[0023] The method according to the invention may be enhanced when it is combined with the use of one or more known algorithms which may be programmed into mobile units to determine which base station(s) the units should select to communicate with. The mobile units may be programmed such that on sensing of an isolation event the communication of the mobile unit is steered toward one or more base stations then favoured by the mobile unit and/or as directed by the system.
[0024] The method of the invention is further defined in the appended claims.
[0025] According to the present invention in another aspect there is provided a base station for use in a cellular communication system using the operational method of the invention, the base station being operable, upon becoming isolated from the system or upon a nearby co-channel base station becoming isolated from the system, to change its own output operating power level, in accordance with the said method, e.g. in one of the forms defined above.
[0026] The change in power level following an isolation event may increase or decrease the output operational power level of radio communication transmissions from the base station as described earlier. The power level that is changed may be the programmed power level in the case of a base station normally having a fixed output power level or it may be the maximum output power level in the case of a base station that normally can transmit at different power levels.
[0027] The need for a base station which becomes isolated to make an output power level change can be sensed internally by the base station by lack of signals from the network system controller or switch. In such a condition, an internal controller within the operating control system of the base station may be activated to generate automatically a control signal which causes the operating power level to be changed, i.e. either to be increased or decreased as appropriate. Data may be stored in a memory store within the operating control system of the base station defining what the output power level to be provided by the base station is to be in the event of the base station becoming isolated as indicated by a signal provided by the internal controller. The power level may be set accordingly by the output power controlling part of the operating system control of the base station.
[0028] The need for a base station which remains connected to the network to make a power change because of isolation of a neighbouring co-channel base station can be provided by a control signal from the network system controller or switch. Such a condition may be sensed by the system controller or switch by lack of signals from the isolated base station. The control signal sent to the base station by the network controller or switch can be a simple signal instructing the base station to change power level, in which case the base station may be pre-programmed to recognise and understand the control signal. The base station may thereby automatically change to a certain pre-defined output power level, which may where appropriate be a zero output power level. The control signal could alternatively be one of a number of different possible signals each giving different instructions. For example, the control signal may indicate that the base station should increase or decrease its output power level or indicate the power level to which the base station should change. In this case, the base station will be pre-programmed to recognise the received control signal and to act accordingly, the required change being effected by the output power level control within the base station internal system control.
[0029] According to the present invention in another aspect there is provided a cellular communication system for maintaining radio communication between mobile communication units via a cellular network of base stations, wherein the system is operable according to the method of the invention and wherein each of said base stations is operable to change its own operating power upon that station or a nearby co-channel station becoming isolated from the system in accordance with the said method.
[0030] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0031]FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a typical known cellular communication system.
[0032]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a known idealised layout of contiguous cells in a cellular communication system, showing channel re-use patterns; the channels are numbered 1 to 7;
[0033]FIG. 3 is a diagram similar to that of FIG. 2, schematically illustrating a layout of contiguous cells as present in an embodiment of the present invention; and
[0034]FIG. 4 is a diagram similar to that of FIG. 2, schematically illustrating a layout of contiguous cells as present in another embodiment of the present invention.
[0035] The manner in which the invention satisfies the stated needs described earlier will now be explained with respect to each of the problem situations described in the Background section of this specification. The following description is exemplary in terms of a Private Mobile Radio (PMR) system, with base stations having direct connection capability. The invention may however be applicable also to other types of cellular systems, with modifications which will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art. The method of the invention calls for measures to be taken on two different occasions�(1) upon setting up and programming (or re-programming) a particular cellular system and (2) when a fault is detected. The first mentioned occasion may even extend back to the planning phase of the system, whereby some of its characteristics (notably cell boundaries and channel allocation) may be determined iteratively with the needs of fallback procedures, especially when operating according to the present invention.
[0036] During system setup each cell is classified as to its relative size, its role in the cellular scheme (e.g. dominant, fill-in or something between them) and the degree of congruence between the cell coverage and the likely distribution of subscribers belonging to any one group. In anticipation of a system-wide station isolation fallback, certain base stations (notably those with wide coverage and high congruence with groups) are designated as �key stations�. Other base stations, having less group coverage, are designated as �non-key stations�; these may include all other base stations in the system. Each base station is then programmed, according to its classification and designation, to function in fallback situations as set forth below. The programming preferably consists of storing in the respective base station, as well as in the central switch, certain commands and parameters, to be activated or passed on during a fallback procedure.
[0037] The event of a base station becoming isolated from the network is sensed by the affected station, as well as by the rest of the system, and this initiates corresponding fallback procedures. The present invention specifies that such a procedure include changing the operating power of the isolated base station and/or of nearby (usually surrounding) co-channel base stations, according to how they were programmed. In a practical system there may be many considerations brought to bear on the program parameters loaded into any base station, as will be discussed further below. Typically, the following will be effected: If the isolated station has a large coverage area, which, moreover, includes the expected mobile subscriber unit locations of a considerable proportion of one group, its allowed power level is preferably increased, possibly up to the maximum attainable level. At the same time, the power level of each nearby co-channel base station is preferably decreased. The effect of each of these two changes, and of course also of their combination, is to increase the C/I ratio within the cell of the isolated base station, as well as to widen its boundary (for any acceptable threshold of C/I). The resultant fallback situation is illustrated in FIG. 3 in the case of an ideal, hexagonal, layout of cells (similar to that depicted in FIG. 2). Here the isolated cell is outlined by a heavy line and the widened boundary schematically denoted by a heavy circle; the nearby co-channel base stations, whose power may be reduced, are marked by dotted fill-patterns. Thus more mobile subscriber units within the isolated cell are induced to remain linked to the respective base station, while some mobile subscriber units that were formerly linked to an adjacent base station (on another channel) are induced to re-select (switch over to) the isolated base station. The effect is that more subscribers, especially those belonging to the group that normally populates the respective cell, are able to communicate among themselves.
[0038] Biasing the threshold values in mobile units through specialized procedures, such as �Home Cell� and �Preferred Locations� to favour certain cells is known. According to the former procedure, all members of a group are assigned a particular base station as their �Home Cell� and the reselection parameters are set so as to favour that base station when in its vicinity. According to the latter procedure, the mobile units of all members of a group are given a list of preferred base stations and, optionally, a list of unfavorable base stations. These known procedures may be used in embodiments of the present invention.
[0039] Thus, if the mobile subscriber units of the group that normally populates the affected cell are also set to refer to the isolated base station as their Home Location, which means that their reselection parameters are biased toward that base station, the positive change in the C/I, caused by the power changes according to the present invention, enhances the Home Location effect. By such means, the number of mobile subscriber units potentially interconnected through the isolated base station is even greater. This is similarly true for the case that the isolated base station is in the list of preferred stations. Alternatively and optionally, the isolated and adjacent co-channel base stations can be programmed to send to the mobile subscriber units appropriately modified threshold values for reselection�again achieving the same enhancement effect.
[0040] If the isolated station has mainly a fill-in role, its allowed power level is preferably decreased. At the same time, the power level of each nearby co-channel base station is preferably increased The effect of each of these two changes, and of course also of their combination, is to decrease the C/I ratio within the cell of the isolated base station, as well as to shrink its boundary (for any acceptable threshold of C/I). Thus some mobile subscriber units within the respective cell are induced to reselect an adjacent base station (co-channel or on another channel), while mobile subscriber units that are linked to an adjacent base station are induced to remain so over a greater distance therefrom. The effect is that more subscribers, especially those belonging to a group that normally populates any of the adjacent base stations, are able to communicate among themselves. In addition, also more of the other subscribers within the affected cell can now communicate with the rest of the system.
[0041] It is to be noted that this beneficial effect will be enhanced if the affected group of mobile subscriber units also has one of the adjacent stations on its preferred list, or the isolated station on its least-preferred list. Alternatively and optionally, the isolated and adjacent base stations can be programmed to send to the mobile subscriber units appropriately modified threshold values for reselection�again achieving the same enhancement effect.
[0042] It will be appreciated that all that was described above for a single isolated base station is also applicable for the fallback situation of several base stations having become isolated simultaneously. Clearly, some modifications will be necessary if any two of these stations are in mutual proximity.
[0043] It is to be noted that the scheme described above has many parameters, which depend on system characteristics that are unique to any one deployed system and may, moreover, change as the system changes. The system characteristics include base station locations, their maximum power levels and the topography (all of which determine cell boundaries and overlaps); they also include channel re-use pattern (such as depicted in FIG. 2 in an ideal case), definitions of subscriber groups and data about the most likely location regions of their members. The latter is referred to as the expected locations of the subscribers or of the groups.
[0044] Fallback parameters, which are pre-loaded into each base station, as well as into the central switch, preferably include:
[0045] the command (or lack thereof) to change power in the event of the base station becoming isolated and the amount and sense (i.e. an increase or a decrease) of such change�all stored in each base station;
[0046] the command (or lack thereof) to change power of a base station in the event of a nearby co-channel base station becoming isolated, and the amount and sense of such change�stored in the central switch or in each base station;
[0047] the command to increase power in any key station in the event of massive system related isolation, and the amount of such increase�stored in the respective key station;
[0048] the command (or lack thereof) to decrease power in any non-key station in the event of massive system related isolation, and the amount of such decrease�stored in the respective non-key station.
[0049] It will be appreciated that such parameters may also take other forms, such that the combination of a command and an amount is represented by a signed change value, where 0 means no change.
[0050] As discussed above, these fallback parameters may be determined for each base station, based, inter alia, on its classification with respect to coverage areas and to subscriber groups. However, all system characteristics are brought to bear in optimally determining the parameters, especially the amounts of change. There are, in general, no firm rules for this optimal determination process, since it depends on the characteristics in a complex way and each deployed system is unique. Additional considerations that may be brought to bear are the relative importance of the various groups of subscribers. It will, however, be appreciated that the principles of the present invention can be advantageously applied in any case, whereby in a fallback situation the number of linkable subscribers is appreciably increased, even if not achieving the optimal service for all subscribers (e.g. maximum number of linkages). It is to be noted in this context that the term �optimal� has a variable meaning and depends on various preferences and operational considerations, some of which have statistical bases.
[0051] We turn now to the other major fault situation wherein all base stations become simultaneously isolated from the system. As discussed in the Background section, the main achievable goal for a fallback procedure is to maximize the number of inter-linkable subscribers that belong to any group, the assumption being that each group is concentrated in the vicinity of one base station. It has been described above how, according to the present invention, certain base stations are designated as key stations and certain others as non-key stations. Further according to the present invention, some or all key stations are so programmed that upon the occurrence of such a fault situation, the respective power of each is increased. Also according to the present invention, some or all non-key stations are so programmed that upon the occurrence of such a fault situation, the respective power of each is decreased. Generally there will be such key stations and non-key stations associated with each set of reusable channels. Preferably key stations and non-key stations associated with any one set of channels are chosen so as to be mutually interleaved; thus usually some co-channel non-key stations will be nearer to any key station than are other co-channel key stations.
[0052] As a result, in an overall fault situation, the C/I ratio within the cell of each key station increases, while its boundary (for any acceptable threshold of C/I) widens. Thus more mobile subscriber units within each corresponding cell are induced to remain linked to the respective key station, while some mobile subscriber units that were formerly linked to adjacent base stations (on other channels), which generally are non-key stations, are induced to switch over to that key station. The effect is that more subscribers belonging to the group that normally populates a cell that corresponds to a key station remain connected and are able to communicate among themselves.
[0053] The resultant fallback situation is illustrated in FIG. 4 in the case of an ideal, hexagonal, layout of cells (similar to that depicted in FIG. 2). Here cells that contain key base stations are marked by dotted fill-patterns and their increased coverage areas are schematically denoted by heavy circles. The layout of key stations in the diagram of FIG. 4 also illustrates another preferred feature of the invention, namely that key stations are preferably chosen so that their normal cell coverage areas are non-contiguous. The latter feature minimizes the effect of mutually proximate key stations counteracting each other in affecting the reselection process of mobile subscriber units within their overlapping coverage areas. As shown in FIG. 4, the key stations are the station of a cell operating on channel 1 deemed to be inside the set of key cells and the ring of nearest but not contiguous cells having stations operating respectively on channels 2 to 7 respectively.
[0054] Clearly, in any practical system the station layout pattern and the cell boundaries are generally irregular and more complex. Hence, the designation of key stations and the parameters, such as size of power change, loaded into each base station for this fallback procedure, are determined, again, by complex considerations that are based on the characteristics of the particular system and its subscribers. As in the single-base station isolation type of fault, discussed above, such considerations may be aimed at optimizing, in some sense, the possible intra-group communication; however the principles of the method disclosed herein can be applied advantageously in most systems even without seeking optimal results.
[0055] The known procedures of �Home Cell� and �Preferred Sites� designation and of transmitting new C/I threshold parameters, all mentioned above, can optionally be used to enhance the effect of the method of this invention also in the situation of overall base station isolation. For example, Home Cell may be identified with key stations and, as a result, corresponding mobile subscriber units would be even further biased toward them in a fallback situation. Similar effects can be achieved by Preferred Sites being identified with key stations and by downloading appropriate reselection parameters, as explained above with respect the single-base station isolation fallback situation.
[0056] It will be understood that, while the description above is in terms of methods, the present invention also includes a cellular communication system programmed to carry out the methods, as well as a base station for use in a cellular communication system, being operative, upon becoming isolated from the system or upon a nearby co-channel base station having become isolated from the system, to change its own operating power, without necessarily switching the power off.
[0057] It will likewise be understood that many more configurations of the system and method disclosed above, and modifications thereof, are possible�all coming within the scope of the invention, as defined in the claims.
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Healthcare Workers In Treating Hiv And Teenagers
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HIV Testing...and hospitals. If you give your name , even if the test site says your name is known only to them and not the lab, the test is technically confidential , not anonymous. Confidential antibody testing means that you and the health care provider know your results, which may be recorded in your medical file. There are also testing sites that offer confidential testing. Those who are tested confidentially and are found to be infected with HIV...
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HIV and healthcare workersDear Dr. Frascino,First, I want to say how much I love your sense of humor. You crack me up all the time with some of your responses. I think your the greatest and you inspire me! My ? is , I currently work as a certified surgical technologist...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...Hey James,Well I certainly don't see a cure just around the corner; consequently, I would bet HIV-related discrimination will be with us for quite some time. You could consider looking for an employment opportunity in a more Read more »
Another question from the overly worried healthcare worker!Hi Dr. Frascino I wanted to reply to your question about why I had to wait 3-4 weeks for my results. The reason being that they send the sample to the state lab instead of a private lab. I actually went to my local health department, and they told...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...Hello Overly Worried Health Care Worker,Regarding the length of time it takes to get HIV test results back, I don't agree. Certainly the health department may have a Read more »
I need a "PEP" talkDr. Bob,I feel very uninformed on the use of PEP...Can you purchase this pre-exposure and carry with you in case of exposure?Do you need a prescription or purchase off the shelf?Is there a % of how effective it is if used within 72 hours?Thanks for...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...HIV. Workers start taking medications within a few hours of exposure. Usually the exposure is from a "needle stick," when a health care worker accidentally gets jabbed with a needle containing HIV-infected blood. PEP reduced the rate of HIV... Read more »
hep c risk in healthcare workerI am an ICU RN and have had several patients infected with Hep C. While taking care of my last Hep C. patient, I noticed a small splash of blood on my flowsheet. I am unsure how it got there. I am afraid I may have touched the blood with an ungloved...
Response from Barbara McGovern, M.D.
Tufts University School of Medicine...This does not sound like an exposure to me. As a health care worker, you have the right to get tested for a baseline test. I would not pursue testing however, unless you are losing sleep over this. Read more »
Lowering the Risk of Secondary HIV Transmission: Insights From HIV-Positive Youth and Health Care Providers...infected HIV-positive youth engage in sexually risky behaviors, and a better understanding of the perceptions of these youth and of health care providers regarding disclosure of HIV status and risk reduction would aid in the development of... Read more »
HIV Treatment Guidelines...HumanServices (DHHS), has put together a set of HIV treatment guidelines. Theguidelines provide a lot of useful information to help health care providersand HIV+ people make decisions about when to start, when to stop, and when tochange HIV... Read more »
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time line
Posted by Anonymous...Larry Kramer's op-ed Woman infected by dentist Kimberly Bergalis is the first known person to have contracted HIV from a health care professional. Four of the dentist's other patients will also develop the same strain of AIDS, although the... Read more »
Divorced hiv positive dad
Posted by Anonymous, 9 Replies...Hello, I am the ex wife of an hiv positive dad. He became positive after our divorce. I am having a hard time dealiing with his status. We have two very small Read more »
Poz Healthcare workers
Posted by Anonymous, 2 Replies...I'm an HIV+ guy who works in medicine, and I am desperately seeking others like me. I am having a great deal of difficulty with my shift-work Read more »
Posted by BahamianQT, 4 Replies...virus. She even told me that she did attempt to slit her wrist the night that she found out that I even had an issue or risk for HIV. Now, I am scared to let her know my status when I do find out. I just would feel guilty for lying to her.... Read more »
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Originally Posted by alegna
You're right. Mom is wrong. (probably caring and a good grandma, but wrong)
Jen Mama of 2 precious boys (9) (6) and still in with my Matt after 12 years together.
Domestic Violence Children's Advocate and Counselor
Originally Posted by amarasmom
Its not weird at all. It would be weird for you to go against your momma instincts.
I'd say, "Mom he's only going to be little for so long, he has the rest of his life to have sleepovers at your house."
Michelle, vegan mama to my two sweeties, L, 4/21/04 and C, 10/29/06 married to my Bryce for 20 years.
Mama to A (12), Z (11), H (9), C (5), A (3) and 4 angels.
Originally Posted by Phoebe
What is with that arbitrary day, geez!
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Articles tagged with kcrw
Arts & Culture, economy, Environment »
How your garden tells the story of immigration in Southern California
The buzzing of leaf blowers, weed whackers and lawnmowers are part of Southern California's sonic landscape. And the people usually holding those machines are Latino immigrant men, who call themselves jardineros, Spanish for gardeners. It's their labor that gives curb appeal to so many homes, keeping lawns neatly trimmed, hedges pruned and weeds at bay.
The story of the jardineros also reveals the long relationship between immigration and the …
Arts & Culture, News »
Do you remember 'We Are the World'?
On March 7, 1985, singers and songwriters heeded a certain call, and released a monumental song.
'We Are the World' – written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, and produced by Quincy Jones and Michael Omartian – was recorded for an organization called USA for Africa (USA standing for United Support of Artists).
The studio tracks were laid down over the course of several days 30 years ago at two …
News »
The web reacts to the FCC's vote for net neutrality
This morning the FCC voted to uphold net neutrality rules, ensuring that Internet service providers will treat all websites and web traffic neutrally. Basically, you can rest assured that you will be able to watch your HBO shows just as seamlessly as your favorite Netflix shows.
The FCC determined that Internet service providers will now be classified under Title II of the Telecommunications Act, which regulates services like …
News »
Conflict over the Nixon Presidential Library
If you love 20th Century American history or are just a political junkie, visiting the Richard Nixon Presidential Library & Museum in Yorba Linda is a little like being a kid in a candy store. The library is an enormous storehouse of memorabilia related to the personal and political life of the man who went on to become America's 37th president. Beneath the public areas, …
California Elections, economy, Issues, News, Politics, Zocalo Public Square »
Mixer: The Haves and the Have Nots
We're just into 2015, and here we are, talking about the presidential candidates for 2016. In speech after speech, Republican and Democratic candidates are weighing in on income inequality and the wealth gap. Or, as Jeb Bush called it this week, the "opportunity gap."
A new multimedia series for Capital & Main launched this week, in a cross-California analysis of poverty and an increasing income …
California Elections, Issues, News »
DMV voter registration? It should be automatic
The Motor Voter Law was passed by Congress way back at the beginning of President Bill Clinton's first term to make it easier for people to sign up to vote. It requires motor vehicle departments around the country to use driver's license and ID card applications as voter registration forms.
But a report released yesterday by the public policy group Demos found that the Motor …
News »
As the bullet train picks up speed, neighborhoods fight back
After years of discussion and planning, California has finally started construction on its high speed rail system, which is supposed to connect Los Angeles and San Francisco by the year 2029.
There are countless engineering challenges ahead for the project, but there also challenges when it comes to dealing with communities potentially in the path of the bullet train. How do you choose a route that's …
News »
Photos: Breaking ground for California's bullet train in Fresno
After decades of talking about it and years of planning and preparation, California officials gathered in Fresno this week for a ceremonial groundbreaking for the state's $68 billion bullet train project.
When finished in 2029 (or so it's hoped) the train will connect San Francisco and Los Angeles, whisking passengers from one city to another in 2 hours and 40 minutes. The first 29 mile-long …
Arts & Culture, economy, News, Politics »
California gets ready to license undocumented drivers
In January, California will begin to offer driver's licenses to an estimated 1.4 million undocumented immigrants, living and driving in the state illegally.
One of those unlicensed and undocumented drivers is Mexican-born single mother and retirement home worker Evangelina Ramirez. She's been driving without a license in California for 20 years. "I am driving because it is not a luxury, it is a necessity," says Ramirez. "I have …
Arts & Culture »
Photos: The Rocketeers of the Mojave Desert
Call it the Cape Canaveral of the desert. Twice a year, hundreds of amateur rocket enthusiasts with the Rocketry Organization of California gather on a dry lake bed in the Mojave to assemble rockets and launch them thousands of feet into the wild blue yonder.
The gathering, called ROCstock (tagline: "peace, love and rockets"), is part science fair, part party, part celebration of ingenuity and engineering …
Cargoland, economy, Environment, Interviews »
Cargoland: The billion-dollar trash trade
Did you know one of the biggest exports through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach is junk?
In economic terms, we call them recyclables. Most are going to China to be reused or refashioned into goods that country will then turn around and sell back to us.
All this week we've been hearing about the various activities that take place at the Ports of Los …
Cargoland, News »
Cargoland: San Pedro's search for respect and development on the waterfront
If you think of the port community of San Pedro, likely the sights and sounds of its waterfront come to mind, from massive freighter ships moored to their docks as their cargo gets unloaded by enormous cranes to the sounds of seagulls circling above fishing vessels sailing into port, the birds hoping that they'll share in the catch of the day.
Beyond its waterfront, San Pedro …
California Elections, Commentary, Issues, Politics, Race for Mayor, Zocalo Public Square »
Mixer: Pulling lever or pulling teeth?
Exercising is tough. Voting is (relatively) easy. So why don't Americans work that out?
Judging by meager turnout, Americans aren't the most engaged people when it comes to voting… especially in off-year elections.
For last year's mayoral election in Los Angeles, only about 23 percent of voters turned out at the polls.
Americans over 18-years old and registered to vote, and who haven't had that right taken away, have …
Environment, News »
Can hydrogen cars beat electric?
California has big plans for hydrogen fueled vehicles in the coming years as part of its effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fight climate change.
If your high school chemistry didn't stick, here are some hydrogen facts: Sitting first on the periodic table, it's the most abundant element in the universe, the raw material responsible for thermonuclear reactions in stars, including our sun. And, of course, when …
Arts & Culture, Environment, Interviews, Politics »
A boat race along the Los Angeles River
The Los Angeles River often evokes the image of a concrete channel, with perhaps a trickle of water running through it.
The river was paved with concrete in the 1930s to prevent flooding.
It's been a popular Hollywood backdrop, from John Travolta's drag-racing scene in "Grease" to Arnold Schwarzenegger's motorcycle chase in "Terminator 2."
So the news that outdoor enthusiasts are holding the first-ever boat race there …
Environment, Interviews, News, Politics »
Foster children disproportionately identify as LGBTQ
Los Angeles is home to the nation's largest population of foster youth.
A new study out today from UCLA's Williams Institute and the Los Angeles LGBT Center that finds gay youth are – in big numbers – over-represented in the foster care system.
Lorri L. Jean is the CEO of the Los Angeles LGBT Center and says the study finds 1 in 5 youth in foster …
Arts & Culture, economy, Education, Health Care, Interviews, Issues, News »
Skid Row artists display their work at MOCA
Downtown LA's Skid Row hosts the largest concentration of homeless people in the country.
KCRW's Press Play covered the city's latest efforts to address the growing number of people affected by homeless. The recent Department of Veterans Affairs scandal has motivated many, including First Lady Michelle Obama, to scrutinize how we care for our country's homeless veterans.
Local officials are trying to change their approach to homeless …
Environment, News, Santa Barbara »
A drought in paradise as Santa Barbara struggles with a very dry year
Communities across California are implementing emergency conservation measures to save water during what has become one of the state's worst droughts.
One of the places most affected by the drought is also one of the state's richest communities: Santa Barbara.
For decades, Santa Barbara has sold itself as a kind of seaside Shangri-La. It's a place of beautiful beaches, gorgeous Spanish-inspired architecture and lush gardens. But …
News, Sports »
Southern California gets ready for the World Cup
Every four years, billions of people across the planet, usually divided by faith, politics and language, come together to focus their attentions and passions on the World Cup, the highest profile soccer (or football, if you prefer) competition in the world. This year the World Cup is being held in Brazil, where 32 qualifying national teams will play at 12 different stadiums across the …
California Elections »
What to know about the 'down ballot' races when you vote
Do you recognize any of the following names: Akinyemi Agbede, Joe Leicht, Alma Marie Winston? No? They're among the 15 people running for the state's highest office, Governor of California. There are eight more people running for Lt. Governor, seven candidates for Attorney General and eight on the ballot for Secretary of State.
The June 3rd election is just around the corner. It's a day …


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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
Hey gas buddy, let me give you A BIG CONGRATS on your 201 Cons. Days and just a little early on your busting into the 1.6 mill. in points!! Keep up the good work. David...........QQ
Thank you for your continued posting on my topics, Ed.
And thank you for your blessing.
Hey gas buddy, let me give you A BIG CONGRATS on your 106 Cons. Days!! Keep up the good work. David...........QQ
Nevermind, you caught it.
I posted in the middle of you posting in the count by 7 topic, so the number is off.
Argh, today was to have been your 700th CD. Happens to most at one time or the other. Some more than others. David......... QQ
Congratulations on posting for 600 consecutive days. That is real dedication. . Wishing you success in all that you do.
Thanks for your congratulations on my 1,300 consecutive days. Now I need to Get A Life too! Have a great weekend. Warren {:-)
Congratulations on having the tenacity to post for 600 consecutive days! Best of luck on reaching your new goals!!! Warren :-)


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Karim Rashid KR KSG Carpet
With its vibrant yellow color, the Karim Rashid KR KSG Carpet will bring a great style to whatever room it is placed in. Available in multiple sizes, this carpet is made of the best rawMaterials, colors and woolen yarns. Add a wonderful style directly to your home with this unique carpet. Features: -Construction: Handmade. -Technique: Tufted. -Material: Pure new wool. -Pile height: .63". -Colors: Yellow background with Red, Pink, and Green lines Specifications: -Overall Dimensions:79-120" Height x 79-120" Width


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OP Junior Member
Thanks Meter: 0
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Join Date:Joined: Jul 2010
Looks like I am getting the new update. The problem is I plan to go to T-Mobile.
Was at work today and the update box popped up. I hit late and set it for 1am. But I hit auto start.
Can I stop this from happening?
I'd like to take this phone to T-Mobile but have heard you can't call or text post update.


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Last Updated - March 31, 2015
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Posted April 4, 2014 EST
MO Rescuers Need A Rescue
United States
(Missouri) - Three Johnson County firefighters attempting a rescue had to escape flood water Thursday. The rescuers' jet skis became clogged with debris, lost power and capsized while they sought to rescue a woman stranded in high water in the 500 block of Highway F.
Fire Chief Larry Jennings said the water rescue unit received a call at 4:23 a.m. about a woman sitting on top of her car. Three firefighters on two jet skis tried to retrieve the woman, he said.
When the first jet ski capsized, the second turned to help and also capsized. Water carried the three men and jet skis downstream, Jennings said.
One firefighter got out of the water and radioed for help. The firefighter then helped another firefighter out of the water. A third firefighter, reported missing, turned up on the opposite side of the creek, Jennings said.
"(They) were trying to secure themselves to keep from floating away," he said.
One firefighter received treatment at the scene and the other two went to Western Missouri Medical Center, Jennings said. The hospital released one after treatment but kept the other to evaluate a possible back injury.
Jennings said other rescuers, after flood water receded, waded into the water and brought the motorist to dry ground at 6:32 a.m.
An air search found the jet skis off County Road 475, Jennings said, and firefighters went to retrieve them.
Rescuers also responded to reports of stranded motorists at Route DD and Southeast 341st Road at 5:56 a.m.; the 300th block of East Division Road at 6:09 a.m.; and Northeast 151st Road at 6:53 a.m.
Jennings said Sheriff's Office personnel rescued occupants of a house surrounded by water on Northeast 175th Road.
Written by Sue Sterling
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This page lists public record sources in Bibb County, Alabama. Additional resources can be found on our Alabama State Public Records page, on city pages, and on topic pages.
Bibb County, Alabama - Free Public Records Directory
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County InfoBibb County, Alabama Home Page
General information about Bibb County
Population: 21,317
Area: 622 sq. miles
County Seat: Centreville
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OP Junior Member
Thanks Meter: 4
11 posts
Join Date:Joined: Oct 2012
I need some advice, as I want to update my GT-N7000. I'm not sure which Rom to use...??? Right now i'm on stock 4.1.2 with Philz CWM6.
Could you please give me some hints what are the differences between the two Roms. What is better, what is worse??
As this will be my first custom rom it should be stable and easy to use.
Thanks a lot in advance!


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2 Wisconsin Girls, 12, Arrested in 'Slender Man' Stabbing
The young girls allegedly stabbed the victim 19 times in hopes of revealing the fictional creature.
'Slender Man' Stabbing Victim Returns Home
The young girl is on the mend after being stabbed 19 times, allegedly by two of her friends.
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Facts and propaganda at war in Syria's chaotic media landscape
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News from Harvard schools, offices, and affiliates
To assess the media's coverage of the crisis in Syria, the Shorenstein Center welcomed Deborah Amos, Middle East correspondent for NPR, to share her insights. In Syria, Amos said, "there are at least five different wars" going on simultaneously. "It is the most complicated of all the conflicts in the Middle East," yet the media is criticized for not getting it right. "It's not that we didn't get it right," Amos argued, "but it's beyond our powers to explain just how complicated this story is."
In the current media landscape, Twitter feeds, blogs, citizen journalism, and even state-sponsored propaganda outlets are all commonly referred to as mainstream media, Amos pointed out. As a result, she said, the media "are blamed for failure to diagnose or to even offer solutions to these conflicts," when the sources for reports vary widely.
Amid the chaos in Syria, many news outlets have risen up to compete with the mainstream media, Amos said, but "they don't always share the same journalistic standards." There is a problem of "media literacy" that obscures the line between facts and propaganda, she said.
Citizen journalism has been crucial in Syria, Amos said. These activists "filled a void," especially when mainstream journalists were denied access and visas. Yet with all of the valuable data, information and video that citizen journalists provided, "we are missing the analysis," she said. For this reason, "there is no substitute for what we do."
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Linux Cluster Supercomputer Performs Surgery on Dog 68
from the hasn't-quite-mastered-fetch-though dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
When you can replace a decade of training a person with a simple file copy to load software on to a robot, think of the savings that represents.
And who is going to plan the surgery ?
A doctor who has gone medical training is still required. The only thing is after a long intellectually preparation part (reflection, selecting the route, specifying the region, everything else that needs to be planned by someone with lots of experience), the doctor can give the instruction to the robot and move to the next case.
The price are going to go down. Not because you'll get rid of the doctors, but because the "planning" doctors we'll be able to handle more cas
Thrashing is just virtual crashing.


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About the plumber
Service Now/Johnny's Sheet Metal And Heating operates out of Goleta, CA and holds Plumbing, Sheet Metal, Warm Air Heating, Ventilating And A licenses according to the California contractors license board.
Service Now/Johnny's Sheet Metal And Heating has a BuildZoom score of 98 and is rated in the top 20% of 336,931 contractors in California.
Their license (727817) was verified as active when we last checked. If you are considering hiring Service Now/Johnny's Sheet Metal And Heating, we recommend double-checking their license status with the license board and using our bidding system to get competitive quotes.
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97 Buildzoom Score
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Apex Plumbing Service
Nice guy. Sure knows his plumbing. Very fast work and exceptionally neat and clean. Says he's a "professional" his work has an appearance of qua... more Nice guy. Sure knows his plumbing. Very fast work and exceptionally neat and clean. Says he's a "professional" his work has an appearance of quality. Cheerful character in conversation, too.
Justin Joseph Morgan
Relocate fixtures
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Guy's Roofing Incorporated
Bldg- reroof- tear off existing, install new composition roofing, c... more
Bldg- reroof- tear off existing, install new composition roofing, class a, 17 squares ( htl). dr
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Key License Information
- License Number: 727817
- Status: Active
- State: California
- Type: Plumbing, Sheet Metal, Warm-Air Heating, Ventilating And A
- Date Issued: 09/20/1996
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8,248 total episodes
Happy Birthday! (>^o^)>
Thank you for helping me out on IRC. :) Kind of a n00b. lol
I'm guessing you found chat right away. I still like using comments when possible, though. s
What's your interest in anime, Rosetta?
If you liked or , you'd like the other because...


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Edith is a populated place located in Archuleta County at latitude 37.006 and longitude -106.91.
The elevation is 7,080 feet. Edith appears on the Edith U.S. Geological Survey Map. Archuleta County is in the Mountain Time Zone (UTC -7 hours).
Archuleta County: Cities & Towns | ZIP Codes | Schools | Features (airports, churches, hospitals, etc.)
BIG Map |
Driving Directions |
Data Source - USGS GNIS FID: 191036
BOUNDARY MAPS: Pagosa Springs Division | Archuleta County
Edith, CO
(< 0.1 mile)
Chromo, CO (4.3 miles ENE)
Amargo, NM (4.7 miles SSE)
Lumberton, NM (5.5 miles SSW)
Dulce, NM (7 miles SW)
Monero, NM
(7.7 miles SSE)
Navajo, NM (9.4 miles WSW)
Trujillo, CO (10 miles NW)
Juanita, CO (13.3 miles W)


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DIGEST: NFL to consider change in OT playoff format
An NFL spokesman said yesterday the league could change its overtime format for playoff games at a meeting next month.
Under the new format, both teams would get the ball at least once unless the first team to get the ball scores a touchdown, Greg Aiello said. If the first team to get the ball makes a field goal and the other team ties the game, action would continue until a team scores again.
Under the current rules, the first team to score wins.
"There have been various concepts that have been discussed in recent years, but this one has never been proposed," Aiello said.
The competition committee will discuss the new concept with teams and players at league meetings March 21-24 in Orlando, Fla., when it could come to a vote. At least two-thirds of the teams would need to agree to the changes for new rules to be adopted.
The competition committee met with the players' union and players Thursday during the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis. Discussion continued when the competition committee met with a general managers' advisory committee on Friday.
The debate about the rules gained steam after the NFC Championship Game, when New Orleans beat Minnesota 31-28 in overtime and Brett Favre's Vikings never got the ball in the extra period. Under the proposed rule, Minnesota would have gotten another possession because the Vikings didn't allow a touchdown.
Overtime was adopted for regular-season games in 1974, a sudden-death format that allowed games to end in a tie if neither team scored in 15 minutes. Overtime for playoff games always has been sudden death.
Oklahoma quarterback Sam Bradford was asked at the scouting combine about his Native American heritage and whether that would create a dilemma for him if he were to be drafted by the Redskins.
Bradford, who is of Cherokee descent, declined to discuss the subject at length, saying, "I'm not going to address that issue." But when a reporter asked him during his media availability if that would prompt him to ask the Redskins not to draft him, Bradford said, "No."
Some Native Americans have been critical of the team's nickname, calling it derogatory, and have challenged it in legal proceedings. The Redskins have the fourth overall selection in the NFL draft in April and could be seeking a quarterback. Bradford and Notre Dame's Jimmy Clausen are widely regarded as the top two quarterbacks available.
Venus Williams came from a set down to defend her Mexican Open title with a 2-6, 6-2, 6-3 victory over Polona Hercog in Acapulco. It was Williams' second consecutive WTA title — this one on clay and another a week ago on hard courts in Dubai — and pushed her career total to 43 WTA titles, the most by an active player.
Best friends Juan Carlos Ferrero and David Ferrer of Spain played later in the men's final. Ferrero defeated Ferrer a week ago in the ATP final in Buenos Aires.
•Ernests Gulbis and Ivo Karlovic will play in the final at the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships today in Florida. Gulbis reached his first career final with a 6-4, 6-4 semifinal win over Jarkko Nieminen, and Karlovic took out defending champion Mardy Fish 6-2, 6-3.


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This Pink Bandana is 20" x 20" and is great for any event. You can use it as a party favor, showing off your school spirit on game day, or even making different teams for different game activities.
" Hello there. I am a bride on a budget trying to plan a wedding for December. I have been procrastinating buying all the little things for it cause... "


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Hot Tea Nectar
|Boiling water
|8 Cup (128 tbs)
|Tea bag
|8 (Regular-Size Tea Bags)
|Canned unsweetened pineapple juice
|18 Ounce (1 Can)
|Canned apricot nectar
|12 Ounce (1 Can)
|Canned frozen orange juice concentrate
|6 Ounce (1 Can)
|Canned frozen lemon juice
|5 3⁄4 Ounce (1 Can)
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|2 1⁄4 Cup (36 tbs)
1. Pour boiling water over tea bags in a kettle; cover. Steep 5 minutes; remove tea bags.
2. Combine pineapple juice, apricot nectar, orange-juice concentrate, lemon juice, sugar and water in a kettle; heat slowly, stirring several times, to simmering. Stir in hot tea.
3. Very carefully pour into a large punch bowl. Garnish with lime and lemon slices and maraschino cherries threaded onto a long skewer, if you wish. Ladle into punch cups.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy


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Following allegations by an Australian agency that Apple's advertising deceived people into thinking its new iPad could run on all 4G networks, the company has said that it will offer refunds.
Read more here.
What's your reaction to the Regional Business Alliance hiring Dirk Draper as president and CEO?
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This poll is not a scientific sampling, but offers a quick view of what readers are thinking.
Copyright © 2013Colorado Springs Business Journal 235 S Nevada Ave. Colorado Springs, CO 80903(719) 634-5905 | Subscribe


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As proud residents and business owners in Ohio, we are always wanting to shed light on new and promising information technology advancements in the marketplace. We wanted to take the time to share with you one of the best educational tools and platforms for enhancing your online shopping experience; Dubli Network.
If you are an Ohio resident looking for better ways to supplement your income, you are at the right place. In this article we want to give you a complete review of Dubli Network, which can also contribute and play as a great business opportunity to pursue if you live in Ohio.