text:
I enjoy listening to great detective mysterie & also great thrillers. I enjoy books also by Vince Flynn, David Baldaci including assasins.
"Interesting listen."
The search behind the vessel missing.
The find at the very beginning and the end.
Interesting listen and a GREAT NARRATOR!
"love the book, hate the reader"
I have read and love all of Steve Berry's books. This is the first on I have listened to on CD and while I like the book I find the voice and enunciation of the reader so unpleasant that I could not listen to the second part of the book.
"Decent Diversion- A Stretch to Compare to Davinci"
Every book seems to want to duplicate the formula of the Davinci code and play off of the magic. This book is okay and could probably be made into a movie that is much better than the Davinci Code movie, but that isn't saying a lot. This book really ends up being closer to the Hunt for Red October than it does the Code anyway.
It is okay, but it isn't spectacular either.
"Steve Berry's Worst!"
Waaaay toooooo looong!
Time to retire Cotton Mallone if this is what you get. Bad story line & the author's jumping around from scene to scene right in the middle is sometimes confusing & certainly annoying. Just because the author's recent honeymoon took him to some of these places he didn't have to force a story out of it.
Not much to do with Charlemagne, just a sidebar!
"Love the book - Hate the reader"
Scott Brick is way too camp in this reading. His habit of ending descriptive passages as though Dracula was about to emerge from his coffin, in a breathy, soap opera delivery is irritating to the extreme. This is one time that I ditched the audio book and read the hard copy. So disappointed in Scott Brick. Give me Paul Michael any day. A much much better narrator for Steve Berry's work.
Had trouble following the story probably because I couldn't listen to it straight through. It jumps from one scene to another like a Ludlum novel, which tells me it has to be read (or heard) in LONG stretches to make sense. I found myself mocking the narrator's style out loud in the car...The descriptive passages were fine, but almost every line of dialogue was spoken the same way (even the ones with the German accents). There was little distinction between male, female, friend, foe, old, young...they all sounded to me like they'd been press-fit into the mold of Mae West's "Come up and SEE me sometime, big boy." I don't know any real human beings who actually talk that way, and so I found myself pretty disgusted with the narrator.
"Good Book, horrible Narration"
It is a good book, as typical with most current authors, follows similar and predictable formula and just fills in dates, times, names, etc.... They are enjoyable, hence why I read and listen to them. My issue is with Scott Brick. Normally, I like his reading of books. This time, he has spent too much trying to place accents in his annunciation (which would work if he did a good job at it), which is very annoying and not at all realistic. It got so aggravating that I couldn't even finish it and had to return it. Apparently, Scott has narrated a lot of Berry's books, and does the same accent with any European character. I have listened to Scott on other author's works, and is not as annoying, but to me, this is too much.
"I just want to give a star rating. If you force me"
I just want to give a star rating. If you force me to say more, I will give you this tripe.
I just want to give a star rating. If you force me to say more, I will give you this tripe.
I just want to give a star rating. If you force me to say more, I will give you this tripe.
I just want to give a star rating. If you force me to say more, I will give you this tripe.
I just want to give a star rating. If you force me to say more, I will give you this tripe.
I could not finish this audio book. It totally lost me, and I kept nodding off. Not my cup of tea.
sports announcer, cyclist, enjoys to travel and the outdoors.
"Book jumps from scene to scene w/o telling us"
I don't know who made this mistake however in the recording of this book, someone should have edited it so that it would have been easier to understand as a listener. Many, many times the book jumps from scene to scene without giving the listener any idea that it has jumped. By just adding a long pause and then telling us the new location the writer has jumped to, would have made the listen much easier. With the rise of audio books I am shocked this was not done. All writers need to do this, since by adding a new paragraph may let the reader know the scene has changed but it does nothing for a listener. This problem took away from the enjoyment and I would say this Berry book was ok 3 out of 5.


text:
Non-polar tantalum capacitors and non-polar tantalum capacitor arrays with compact designs are provided. The reduced volume and footprint of the capacitors and arrays in turn reduces the amount of space required in any device in which they are used. In addition, the cost of materials is reduced, and the manufacturing is simplified. Some embodiments of the present invention provide an electromechanical connector between the anode rods of each pair of polar tantalum capacitors, and insulation between the remainder of the capacitor bodies, thus providing a non-polar tantalum capacitor. These non-polar capacitors are mechanically connected to make a non-polar tantalum capacitor array. Other embodiments of the present invention provide for physically connecting the anode rods of the polar capacitors. An insulating encapsulant around the connected rods and between the polar capacitor bodies also holds the capacitors and capacitor arrays together. Additional embodiments of the invention provide an insulating shell in which the polar capacitors are placed, combined with electrical connection and encapsulation of the anode rods.
1. A non-polar tantalum capacitor, comprising:
a first polar tantalum capacitor unit, wherein said first capacitor unit is characterized by a first end and a second end;
a second polar tantalum capacitor unit, wherein said second capacitor unit is also characterized by a first end and a second end;
cathode portions integral with said first end of said first capacitor unit and with said first end of said second capacitor unit and wherein said cathode portion may be utilized for electrical attachment to the capacitor;
a first anode rod extending from said second end of said first capacitor unit;
a second anode rod extending from said second end of said second capacitor unit;
wherein said first and second anode rods are bent at a distance from said second ends of said first and second capacitor units to extend towards each other and are connected to each other to form a joined anode element;
a first insulating material situated between said first and second capacitor units; and
a second insulating material encapsulating said anode element.
2. A non-polar tantalum capacitor as in
3. A non-polar tantalum capacitor as in
4. A non-polar tantalum capacitor as in
5. A non-polar tantalum capacitor as in
6. A non-polar tantalum capacitor as in
7. A non-polar tantalum capacitor as in
8. A non-polarized tantalum capacitor as in
9. A non-polarized tantalum capacitor as in
10. A non-polarized tantalum capacitor, comprising:
first and second polarized tantalum capacitor units, wherein each capacitor unit is characterized by a first end and a second end;
a cathode portion integral with said first ends of each said capacitor unit and wherein said cathode portion facilitates electrical attachment to the capacitor;
at least one anode rod extending from selected second ends of said capacitor units;
a first insulating material positioned between adjacent surfaces of said first and second capacitor units;
a first conductive material extending between and electrically coupled to each of said anode rods; and
a second insulating material extending across a portion of said second ends of said capacitor units and situated between said second ends of said capacitor units and said first conductive material.
11. The capacitor of
12. The capacitor of
13. The capacitor of
14. The capacitor of
15. The capacitor of
16. The capacitor of
17. The capacitor of
18. The capacitor of
19. A non-polarized tantalum capacitor array, comprising:
a plurality of polar tantalum capacitor units arranged in pairs, wherein each polar capacitor unit is characterized by a first end and a second end;
a cathode portion integral with said first ends of selected of said polar capacitor units and wherein said first ends are for positioning of the capacitor array relative to a circuit board;
a plurality of anode rods extending from second ends of selected said capacitor units, and wherein said anode rods are bent at a distance from said second ends of said capacitor units for connecting to other of said anode rods;
a first insulating material situated among selected adjacent surfaces of said plurality of capacitor units; and
a second insulating material encapsulating said anode rods.
20. A tantalum capacitor array as in
21. A tantalum capacitor array as in
22. A tantalum capacitor array as in
23. A tantalum capacitor array as in
24. A tantalum capacitor array as in
25. A tantalum capacitor array as in
26. A tantalum capacitor array as in
27. A non-polarized tantalum capacitor array, comprising:
a plurality of polarized tantalum capacitor units arranged in pairs, wherein each capacitor unit of a capacitor pair is configured to extend out from a mountable surface, thus characterizing said capacitor units as having a mountable side and an extended side opposite from said mountable side;
a plurality of anode rods extending from said extended sides of each of said capacitor units;
a cathode portion integral with said mountable sides of each said capacitor unit and useful for electrical attachment to the capacitor array;
a first insulating material situated between adjacent surfaces of said respective capacitor units;
a first conductive material touching and extending between said anode rods of each capacitor pair; and
a second insulating material extending across at least a portion of said respective extended ends of said capacitor units and situated between extended ends of each respective capacitor unit and said first conductive material.
28. The capacitor array of
29. The capacitor array of
30. The capacitor array of
31. The capacitor array of
32. The capacitor array of
33. The capacitor array of
Priority is hereby claimed to previous filed U.S. provisional application with the same title as present, assigned U.S. Ser. No. 60/231,402, filed Sep. 8, 2000.
The present invention generally relates to the field of capacitors, and more particularly related to a non-polarized capacitor and to a non-polarized tantalum capacitor array.
The present subject matter generally concerns a non-polarized tantalum capacitor and corresponding capacitor array. More particularly, the disclosed technology enables a non-polarized tantalum capacitor array with improved volumetric efficiency and reduced footprint.
Tantalum capacitors are known for their high capacitance value and compactness. Non-polarized tantalum capacitors are traditionally provided by connecting two polarized tantalum capacitors together, and more particularly are most often provided by electrically and mechanically connecting the cathodes of two polar tantalum capacitors together and by having the anodes provide the terminal access to the capacitor. Despite the existing compactness of known polar and non-polar tantalum capacitors, and tantalum capacitor arrays, there are constant efforts to reduce the volume, and more particularly, the footprint of these electronic components. This in turn allows the miniaturization of the devices in which these components are used.
An additional known challenge with tantalum capacitors is the fragility of the anode rod, particularly where it protrudes from one end of the capacitor. Mechanical and electrical connections, e.g. of leads or circuit boards, to the anodes often results in breakage, and thus shorting or a lost connection to the remainder of the capacitor. This problem is compounded by the fact that connections to the tantalum anode rods are also susceptible to failure. These connections are typically made with leads of a solderable material, such as nickel or tinned nickel, which is difficult to weld to the tantalum and results in a very fragile connection.
In order to protect the anode rods, and the connections to the anode rods, it is typical to encase the rods and connections, and the entire capacitor assembly in a substantial quantity of potting material. This substantially increases the volume of polar, and even more so, of non-polar tantalum capacitors. In addition to increased volume, the material and manufacturing costs are thus increased, and the footprint of the resulting capacitor or capacitor assembly is also increased.
As an example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,984,134 discloses a non-polar tantalum capacitor that is produced by laying two polar capacitors end-to-end, with the tantalum rods touching. After the tantalum rods are welded together, the area between the polar capacitors and extending down the sides of the capacitors is encased in potting material.
However, significant improvements over this design are still possible and desirable, particularly regarding footprint size, which is a critical factor in the efficient use of available circuit board surface area. In addition, although the design uses less potting material than in traditional designs, still a significant amount is used, resulting in higher manufacturing and part costs. Finally, while the reliability of the anode weld may be improved over traditional methods, it is at the cost of precious circuit board area and overall volume.
The disclosures of foregoing United States patents are hereby fully incorporated into this application by reference thereto.
The present subject matter recognizes and addresses various of the foregoing drawbacks and other shortcomings encountered in the prior art of tantalum capacitor technology. Thus, broadly speaking, a principal object of the presently disclosed technology is to provide an improved tantalum capacitor. More particularly, the disclosed non-polarized tantalum capacitor can be formed as a single capacitor unit or as a capacitor array.
It is another principal object of the present subject matter to provide compact non-polar capacitors, and compact non-polar capacitor arrays, with reduced volume, and significantly reduced footprint.
Yet another object of the present technology is to provide capacitors and capacitor arrays that are relatively simple and inexpensive to produce.
A still further object of the present subject matter is to provide simple and secure features for electrical and mechanical connection between the polar capacitors that are combined to form the non-polar capacitors. Further, the connection between the capacitor or capacitor array and the destination substrate is made in a simple and reliable fashion.
Additional objects and advantages of the present subject matter are set forth in, or will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from, the detailed description herein. Also, it should be further appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that modifications and variations to the specifically illustrated, referenced, and discussed features and steps hereof may be practiced in various embodiments and uses of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, by virtue of present reference thereto. Such variations may include, but are not limited to, substitution of equivalent means and features, materials, or steps for those shown, referenced, or discussed, and the functional, operational, or positional reversal of various parts, features, steps, or the like.
Still further, it is to be understood that different embodiments, especially different presently preferred embodiments, of this invention may include various combinations or configurations of presently disclosed features, steps, or elements, or their equivalents (including combinations of features or steps or configurations thereof not expressly shown in the figures or stated in the detailed description).
Some embodiments of the present subject matter provide non-polar tantalum capacitors of reduced volume and with a reduced footprint. Other embodiments may provide non-polar tantalum capacitor arrays of reduced volume and with a reduced footprint.
In some embodiments of the present technology, each pair of polar tantalum capacitors is provided with, among other things, a conductive material for attachment to the anode rods protruding from each of the tantalum capacitors. This conductive attachment provides the electrical and mechanical connection that produces a non-polar capacitor from two polar capacitors, each of which has a capped main body to otherwise insulate them from each other.
In other embodiments of the present subject matter, the anode rods protruding from the polar tantalum capacitors are bent towards each other, then welded. The space between the polar capacitors, and the welded anode rods, are then filled with an insulating material, which also holds the non-polar capacitor together.
Additional embodiments of the subject tantalum capacitor technology provide capacitor arrays produced by attaching multiple non-polar capacitors together. These arrays may be attached with conductive connectors, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), that provide the electrical connection between each pair of polar capacitors, and the mechanical connection between all the polar capacitors of the array. Other arrays are held together with an encapsulating insulating material that is provided over the welded anodes of each pair of polar capacitors, and between the capacitor bodies.
A still further embodiment of the invention provides an insulating shell into which the polar capacitors are placed. The anode rods are bent and welded, and an encapsulant protects and insulates the anode rods.
Additional embodiments of the present subject matter, not necessarily expressed in this summarized section, may include and incorporate various combinations of aspects of features or parts referenced in the summarized objectives above, and/or features or parts as otherwise discussed in this application.
Thus, the present invention provides a non-polar tantalum capacitor and a non-polar tantalum capacitor array that, inter alia, have a reduced volume and a reduced footprint. Reduced volume and footprint allow devices containing the capacitor or capacitor array of the present invention to be smaller, or allow additional components to be introduced into the device. These advantages are critical in the present environment of miniaturization.
Other advantages of the present invention include (but are not limited to) reduced material costs, simplified manufacturing processes, and thus reduced manufacturing time and labor costs. The capacitor and capacitor array of the present invention may be used advantageously wherever an electrical package requires a relatively large capacitance value in a relatively small package, such as in an implantable medical device or other application.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will better appreciate the features and aspects of such embodiments, and others, upon review of the remainder of the specification.
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, will be more apparent from the following more particular description of the present subject matter, presented in conjunction with the appended figures, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a first exemplary embodiment of a non-polar tantalum capacitor in accordance with the present subject matter;
FIG. 2 illustrates a second exemplary embodiment of a non-polar tantalum capacitor in accordance with the present subject matter;
FIG. 3A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a non-polar tantalum capacitor array in accordance with the present subject matter, with an exemplary capacitor element removed and exploded;
FIG. 3B is an exploded view of selected components of an exemplary capacitor array, such as the array of FIG. 3A;
FIG. 4 displays a schematic representation of an exemplary non-polar capacitor array in accordance with the present subject matter;
FIG. 5A is a generally side view of an exemplary embodiment of a non-polar tantalum capacitor array in accordance with the presently disclosed technology;
FIG. 5B illustrates dimensional aspects of an exemplary non-polar capacitor array, such as that of FIG. 5A;
FIG. 6A displays a generally side view of another exemplary embodiment of a non-polar tantalum capacitor array in accordance with the present subject matter;
FIG. 6B depicts another view of the exemplary capacitor array illustrated in FIG. 6A; and
FIG. 6C illustrate a detailed, sectional view of portion C as highlighted in FIG. 6A.
Repeat use of reference characters throughout the present specification and appended drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or elements of the presently disclosed tantalum capacitor technology.
The following description is of the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention. The description is made merely for the purpose of describing the general principles of the invention. It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein should not insinuate any limitations of the subject mater. Features illustrated or discussed as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Additionally. Certain features may be interchanged with similar devices or features not expressly mentioned which perform the same or similar function.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate first and second exemplary embodiments, respectively, of a non-polar tantalum capacitor in accordance with the present subject matter. In both FIGS. 1 and 2, a polar capacitor element 10 (herein also called a capacitor slug, or simply slug 10) comprises the main portion of the polar tantalum capacitor. The surfaces 11 of slug 10 preferably comprise cathode surfaces, and these cathode surfaces 11 are preferably coated with conductive epoxy or other appropriate substance. As can be seen, slug 10 may be of a generally cylindrical shape (as in FIG. 1) or of a generally rectangular shape (as in FIG. 2), or may be any other useful shape. Capacitor slug 10 is characterized by two end surfaces, hereafter referred to as first end 12 and second end 13 of the capacitor slug 10. A circuit board contact pad 14 is preferably attached to the first end 12 of the slug 10 (and thus, the cathode portion of the polar capacitor) with, for example, conductive epoxy. Circuit board contact pad 14 is preferably made of conductive material, such as gold or gold-plated copper, and may be cylindrical, rectangular, or any other useful shape.
An anode rod 18 (also referred to as an anode wire, wire anode, or anode lead) protrudes from the second end 13 of each polar capacitor. It is preferred that anode rod 18 is trimmable and can be adjusted to a desired length. By electrically connecting the anode rods of two polar capacitors, a non-polar capacitor is created.
In a generally preferred embodiment, a conductive sleeve 22 is resistance or spot welded onto each anode rod 18. Sleeve 22 is used to displace a coating of thick oxide or other appropriate substance that is formed over the tantalum anode rod 18 during the anodization process used to prepare the polar capacitors. Sleeve 22 provides a surface for good electrical contact with anode rod 18, and is thus made of an electrically conductive material, such as gold.
Over the sleeved anode rods is placed a layer of insulation 26, and then a layer of conductive material 30. The insulation layer ensures that the conductive layer 30 is only in electrical contact with the anode portion of the polar capacitors, and not also in contact with the cathode portion 11 of the capacitors. Layers 26 and 30 have holes large enough to allow the anode rod 18 with conductive sleeve 22 to pass through the layers. Insulation layer 26 is preferably made of 0.125 mm (0.005 inch) thick Delrin� material. Conductive layer 30 is preferably made of gold plated copper. Alternatively, a very thin printed circuit board (PCB), flex circuit, or the like may be used, in which case the insulating and conductive layers are combined into one structure. For instance, a conductor (e.g., made of copper), which electrically connects the anode rods of the two polar capacitors, may be embedded in polyimide.
Conductive epoxy 34 or the like is applied over sleeves 22 (which may have a portion of anode rod 18 protruding from the top of the sleeve). If epoxy 34 is not self-curing, it must then be cured, which is typically accomplished by heating or photo-curing the epoxy, as is known in the art.
In many instances, a capacitor array is required, rather than a single capacitor. A preferred embodiment of a non-polar capacitor array of the present invention is depicted in FIGS. 3A and 3B. In the present embodiment, each polar capacitor element, or slug, 10 has an anode rod 18 protruding from its top, which is trimmed, if necessary, and preferably fitted with a conductive (e.g., gold) sleeve 22. The capacitor slugs 10 may be arranged in some sort of symmetrical array formation. For instance, an exemplary such array may correspond to two rows of sixteen polar tantalum capacitors. Thus, a capacitor array of 32 polar tantalum capacitors will, in this example, form an array of 16 non-polar tantalum capacitors. It should be appreciated that tantalum capacitor arrays of other sizes may also be formed in accordance with the presently disclosed technology. A holding fixture may be used accordingly to position the slugs during manufacture of the array.
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, capacitor slugs 10 are insulated from each other via an insulating capacitor array separator 44. In such a case, the array holding fixture is preferably comprised of the array separator 44 and an outer frame that surrounds the entire array during manufacture. Array separator 44 is preferably, but not necessarily, comprised of a one-piece structure, and is preferably made of polyurethane, and more preferably of high density polyethylene (HDPE). After the capacitor slugs 10 are in place with array separator 44 insulating the slugs from one another, an adhesive, such as non-conductive epoxy or potting compound is preferably applied to fix the slugs to the separator. Alternatively, an interference fit, along with the other components of the array and its attachment to the circuit board, is used to fix the slugs to the array separator.
A capacitor array connector 48 is positioned over the anode rods 18, sleeves 22, and atop the array of slugs 10, as depicted in FIG. 3A. As described earlier, this connector may be comprised of a layer of insulation and a layer of conductive material, or more preferably is a single structure, such as a flex circuit or very thin PCB connector board. As seen in FIG. 3A, the traces of a PCB advantageously connect the anode rods of each pair of adjacent polar capacitor slugs 10, preferably via gold traces. Alternatively, as in FIG. 3B, a conductor (e.g., made of copper) electrically connects the anode rods of each pair of polar capacitors, and is imbedded in polyimide.
A conductive epoxy or the like is preferably applied to the array at each anode rod/sleeve/connector interface, and then cured, as described previously relative to FIGS. 1 and 2. The capacitor array is thus completed, and ready to be removed from the holding fixture. If desired, the cathode portion accessible at the bottom of each capacitor slug 10 may be coated with a conductive material such as silver, to enhance electrical, and potentially also mechanical connection to the capacitor array. An electrical schematic of the resulting non-polar capacitor array is shown in FIG. 4. As with the previously described non-polar capacitors, the capacitor array is preferably attached to a circuit board contact pad 14 with conductive epoxy.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a non-polar capacitor array providing 16 non-polar tantalum capacitors, as again represented by the schematic of FIG. 4, is made without using a prefabricated capacitor array separator 44 or a prefabricated capacitor array connector 48. In such embodiment, thirty-two polar tantalum capacitor slugs 10 are positioned in a holding fixture which positions the slugs as close together as possible, so that they do not touch, and so that an insulating material can be introduced into the space between slugs.
In this embodiment, which is depicted in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the anode rod 18 of each polar capacitor element 10 is bent at a 90 degree angle. When positioned in the holding fixture, the anode rods of two adjacent capacitor slugs 10 advantageously overlap, and are welded together. The bending and welding of the anode rods may be performed before or after positioning the capacitor slugs in the holding fixture. However, it is usually preferable to perform the welding as the pairs of capacitors are introduced into the holding fixture, so that the weld is created with the slugs the proper distance from each other. The welding of anode rods 18 advantageously breaks through the oxide layer coating the anode rods, and electrically and mechanically connects the two polar capacitors that make up a single non-polar capacitor within the array.
Manipulation of tantalum anode rods is traditionally considered undesirable due to the fragile nature of the connection to the capacitor body and the frailty of the tantalum rod itself. However, the anode rod bending performed in the present embodiment is not subject to the disadvantages heretofore experienced, mainly because each rod is bent only once, then welded, and is not thereafter manipulated.
Once the capacitor slugs 10 are in place in the holding fixture, with the anode rods of each capacitor pair welded together, an insulating material, such as non-conductive epoxy, and more preferably potting compound is introduced into the spaces between the slugs. The holding fixture preferably has sides tall enough to allow the insulating material to encase the welded anode rods. Once the insulating material has hardened, the capacitor array is removed from the holding fixture.
The insulating material of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is illustrated with phantom (i.e., dashed) lines. The total height H of the array is preferably less than 7.00 mm (0.275 inch), more preferably less than 6.35 mm (0.250 inch), and most preferably about 6.00 mm (0.237 inch). The width W of each individual capacitor slug 10 is preferably less than 2.54 mm (0.100 inch), more preferably less than 2.25 mm (0.089 inch), and most preferably about 2.00 mm (0.078 inch). The depth D of each individual capacitor slug 10 is preferably less than 2.54 mm (0.100 inch), more preferably less than 2.03 mm (0.080 inch), and most preferably about 1.73 mm (0.068 inch). The space S between slugs is preferably less than 0.50 mm (0.020 inch), more preferably less than 0.30 mm (0.012 inch), and most preferably about 0.20 mm (0.008 inch) to 0.23 mm (0.009 inch). In all dimensions, the smallest dimension is preferred.
The holding fixture preferably allows the surfaces of the capacitor slugs 10 along the periphery of the capacitor array to largely define the edges of the capacitor array. As such, it is preferred that very little of the insulating material is allowed to pass between the outer edges of the capacitor slugs 10 and the holding fixture. The amount of material is preferably enough to ensure the cohesiveness of the capacitor array without substantially adding to the outer dimensions of the array. Once again, a coat of silver (or other conductive material) is preferably applied to the bottom surfaces of the capacitor slugs making up the array, in preparation for conductive epoxy (or the like) attachment to a destination substrate such as circuit board contact pad 14.
A further embodiment, shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, comprises a shell 50 in which capacitor slugs 10 are placed. The anode rods 18 may then be bent and welded, and an encapsulant/adhesive applied to the entire assembly. In this embodiment, shell 50 plays the role of the holding fixture, and also becomes an integral part of the capacitor array. Of course, to produce a single non-polar capacitor, a shell with only two cells, rather than 32 cells, is provided.
Tabs 52 or a ledge 54 are preferably, but not necessarily, formed at the base of each cell in shell 50, as shown in FIG. 6C. The tabs or ledge position the bottom of each capacitor slug 10 a preferred distance of space S from the base of shell 50. This space provides a recess below each capacitor slug 10 and separated from the other cells of shell 50, which is then preferably filled with conductive epoxy that is advantageously used to electrically and mechanically connect the non-polar capacitors of the capacitor array to a circuit board contact pad 14.
The tantalum capacitors and capacitor arrays of the subject invention yield improved characteristic properties. Exemplary embodiments as presented herein of a single nonpolar tantalum capacitor at about 25 Volts are rated at about 6 μF. When tested at frequencies of around 120 Hz, the subject capacitor has a dissipation factor (DF) of less than 6%. When tested at an estimated frequency of 100 kHz, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) was about 1 Ω. It may be generally preferred for such a capacitive structure to be characterized by both low DF and low ESR.
Additional improved characteristics of the subject tantalum capacitor are related to the volume and footprint of the device. The footprint is generally defined as the surface area on a printed wire board or other appropriate surface that the device will take up when mounted thereon. Typical measurements of the capacitance-voltage (CV) per footprint area of a single non-polarized tantalum capacitor is about 1,800 μFV/cm2. This is generally twice the footprint efficiency of other known non-polarized tantalum capacitors.
The tantalum anode in typical surface mount devices accounts for roughly one-third of the volume of the packaged device. The disclosed tantalum capacitor technology greatly improves upon such typical volumetric efficiency. Volumetric efficiency as measured for selected embodiments of the present non-polarized capacitor is about 4,000 μFV/cm3. Given that a non-polar tantalum capacitor is rated at about 6 μF at about 25 V, a single tantalum entity of the capacitor pair would be rated at about 12 μF at a similar voltage. Since such a single (polarized) tantalum capacitor has half the volume and twice the capacitance as the subject non-polarized tantalum capacitor, it has a volumetric efficiency of 16,000 μFV/cm3. Other similar properties and improved characteristics may be readily appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims. For instance, more than two rows of polar capacitors 10 may be used, to make for example, a 32 non-polar capacitor array. In another variation, capacitor array separator 44 may extend below the bottom of the capacitor slugs 10, so that conductive epoxy or the like may be more readily individually applied to each capacitor slug. Accordingly, the scope of the present subject matter should be assessed as that of the disclosed variation of embodiments and any equivalents thereto.
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text:
Needed a quick bite while passing the area. Ordered pizza - enjoyed the meal. Good service. Did not try out other food advertised / on menu. Looked pretty neat, clean, decent service, good taste.
This place serves very good Greek and Italian food. Their sandwiches are so tasty you will be temped to visit them again and again. Enjoy their Greek beer while you are there. A very good ambiance for Lunch or Dinner.
For years, working in the Kirkland area , there was only one place to get high quality pizza and the worlds best oven roasted Grinders, The Acropolis !!
Now the famly owned resturaunt has been Cloned .Cloning is good, in this case.The same great sauces and generous portions of family recipiets , Greek and Italian.
The BIGEST and BEST hot...
Stick to the sandwiches and pizzas. The chicken or rib dinner is way overpriced for extremely dried out whatever the protein was. Casual, great for kids and the service is very nice.
The lasagna and other pasta dishes we got were terrible. I will never be going back. Our server was very rude as well.
I have been eating at this establishment since the original owners were running it. I normally go here for the grinders(pastrami). They have a lunch special half grinder with soup or salad for around eight dollars. Its a good deal and the food is filling. The sandwich is layered with meat, seasoning and cheese( just the right amount ). They...
This is a great restaurant that I have gone to many times. The pizza is my 3rd favorite item, the garlic cheese bread is 2nd, and the pastrami sandwich is delicious. Now I try not to make a steady diet of these things as the calorie count on all are high, but when you want to splurge this is the...
Ordered the pepperoni pizza which was average. Service is good and there are also several pasta options on the menu. Good place for kids if you just want basic pizza.
I move a lot, and every move means finding a good new mechanic, hairdresser and pizza joint. Usually the latter is the most difficult. It's taken four months to find a good pizza place on the eastside, but Acropolis is the best one so far. It was the first place to actually give me "extra tomato sauce and extra cheese"...
Cute place to eat with great grinders and pizza. The service was fast, efficient and very friendly. I would definitely suggest you try it.
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Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
The Plains of Passage (Earth's Children, 4) (original 1990; edition 1990)
by Jean M. Auel
Work details
The Plains of Passage by Jean M. Auel (1990)
No current Talk conversations about this book.
Read long ago, loved it then, haven't read Auel's entire series because I started to feel they (as a set) were getting too romantic, when what I really wanted was the sense of living in a different time.
The whole series is collapsing on itself.
This is weirdly readable and annoying all at the same time. Like a train wreck happening, maybe. Overall, worth the time to read; but there's more and more that annoys me about the story and the characters.
Gesigneerd door auteur okt.1990
...Does that mean it's a good book? No, not really. The novel just has too many flaws for that. At best, I'd call it a guilty pleasure. It's a book that at a rational level, could be burnt to the ground in a review without requiring any great effort from the reviewer. Nevertheless, I have a soft spot for it. I don't think I would have bothered with The Shelters of Stone and The Land of Painted Caves without enjoying this book at some level. It is still more than a few steps down from The Clan of the Cave Bear however. The tragedy of this series is that Auel never managed to come close to the level she reached in the opening volume. Still, this minor step up was just enough to keep me going and even to convince me to reread the fifth book. I guess I will finish this series of reviews after all.
Full Random Comments review
Is contained in
Jean M. Auel's the Earth's Children: The Clan of the Cave Bear, the Valley of Horses, the Mammoth Hunters, the Plains of Passage Earth's Children #1-4 by Jean M. Auel
Earth's Children 1-5 (The Clan of the Cave Bear; The valley of horses; The mammoth hunters; The plains of passage; The shelters of stone) by Jean M. Auel
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English (1)
Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0553381652, Paperback)Jean M. Auel's enthralling Earth's Children® series has become a literary phenomenon, beloved by readers around the world. In a brilliant novel as vividly authentic and entertaining as those that came before, Jean M. Auel returns us to the earliest days of humankind and to the captivating adventures of the courageous woman called Ayla.
With her companion, Jondalar, Ayla sets out on her most dangerous and daring journey--away from the welcoming hearths of the Mammoth Hunters and into the unknown. Their odyssey spans a beautiful but sparsely populated and treacherous continent, the windswept grasslands of Ice Age Europe, casting the pair among strangers. Some will be intrigued by Ayla and Jondalar, with their many innovative skills, including the taming of wild horses and a wolf; others will avoid them, threatened by what they cannot understand; and some will threaten them. But Ayla, with no memory of her own people, and Jondalar, with a hunger to return to his, are impelled by their own deep drives to continue their trek across the spectacular heart of an unmapped world to find that place they can both call home.
(retrieved from Amazon Mon, 30 Sep 2013 13:20:57 -0400)
As Ayla and Jondalar travel across Ice Age Europe they encounter savage enemies and brave friends in their search for a place they can call home.
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Politics in New Zealand: A Winston win
American Airlines: The new American
American Airlines, which is merging with US Airways, plans major upgrades14
The Wright Amendment: Good riddance
The government shouldn't be in the business of telling airlines where to fly12
Inequality on planes: Modern flying: a triumph in socialism
Is a jumbo jet home to more or less inequality than America?28
Malaysia Airlines: Much atwitter about nothing
Bad tweets are truly the least of Malaysia Airlines' sins7
Low-cost airlines: Making Laker's dream come true
Low-cost airlines have revolutionised short-haul flying. Now, after several failed attempts, they are poised to do the same on longer routes24
Budget carriers in India: In short-haul for the long run
Prospering in India's aviation market requires patience and discipline3
Flight delays: The worst American airports for winter flying
How to avoid flight delays while flying in America during the winter8
Satellite industry: Stars in their eyes
As the Rosetta mission shows, Britain is getting it right in space1
Passenger satisfaction: Is United Airlines really that bad?
A writer for the New Yorker blames the United-Continental merger for a litany of evils. But there's more going on here.93
Crowded aeroplanes: Squeezed for time
Airlines are filling their planes with more and more passengers13
A decision over airport capacity will at last be reached1
Aeroplane maintenance: The feds sue Southwest
The feds are suing Southwest Airlines, America's dominant discount carrier, for improperly repairing 44 planes13
Spirit Airlines: Flyers vote with their wallets
Americans say they hate Spirit Airlines. The company's financial results tell a different story12
The American Airlines merger: The future of frequent-flyer miles
American Airlines and US Airways are consolidating their frequent-flyer programmes. Here's what that means for business travellers10
Companies and the Ebola outbreak: Still open for business
How firms are adapting to a virus that threatens economies as well as lives0
Legroom on aeroplanes: A modest proposal for the equitable treatment of the taller passenger
Tall passengers should be afforded the same courtesy as obese ones122
Japan's new airliner: Money spinner or money burner?
Is Mitsubishi's new jetliner a commercially viable project?33
The Economist explains: Why airport screening won't stop Ebola
Airport checks did not stop SARS or bird flu, and they won't stop Ebola. But the rich world need not worry40
Aerospace manufacturers: Good, in parts
In fixing one supply-chain problem, planemakers may be creating another1
Virgin Atlantic's woes: Little Red's big problem
Virgin Atlantic's problems are much bigger than its titchy subsidiary.17
Infrastructure resilience: The Chicago fire
A fire in Chicago highlights the surprising resilience of the infrastructure that keep business travellers aloft1
Politics in New Zealand: A Winston win
Containing Iran: The Sunnis strike back
Middle East and Africa
The Amanda Knox verdict: Innocente
Harry Reid's retirement: Republicans get their wish
Democracy in America
The week ahead: Open to investigation
Emerging markets: Predicting the next crisis
Free exchange
Nuclear talks with Iran: Distrust and verify
Middle East and Africa
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Shame on the lot of you: Paul Abbott on the betrayal of TV drama
Paul Abbott isn't just the creator of such modern-day classics of TV drama as 'State of Play' and 'Shameless'. He is also one of the industry's most outspoken critics. Ian Burrell stands well clear
Monday 30 October 2006
Paul Abbott appears, purple-shirted and perspiring profusely. For the purposes of alliteration it would be nice to say he is also palpitating with anger.
But no. The writer of some of the most exciting drama to be seen on British television - Shameless, State of Play, Clocking Off - is just mildly annoyed, a little offended but not greatly surprised at news of the BBC's new reluctance to move significant parts of its operation to the north-west of England.
From the moment he arrived as a young writer on Coronation Street more than two decades ago, through to his work on the forthcoming fourth series of Shameless, Burnley-born Abbott, 46, has fought harder than almost anyone to bring an authentic Lancastrian voice to British broadcasting.
He is a passionate supporter of the Media City:UK project, the proposed new Salford Quays home for the BBC's sports and children's departments and the Five Live radio network. But that is now a plan in jeopardy after Mark Thompson, the BBC director-general, indicated earlier this month that the impending licence fee settlement might be insufficient to fund such a move.
"I'm not surprised," says Abbott, who keeps a flat in London but mostly lives in Manchester. "I think the prevalence of that resistance is what stopped decentralisation of the BBC happening 10 years before. Eighty per cent of the material that's made for the BBC is made or commissioned from Shepherd's Bush. It's absolute bollocks - it's meant to be a federal system but they give away the fact that it's not every time the news comes on and they say, 'Over to the weather where you are'. I'm thinking 'Where are you then? You're meant to be with me.' It's so dislocated - such a bad, bad tract to inflict on the audience. And they always smile when the weather is better in the south-east."
The second-youngest of 10 children, Abbott watched his mother walk out when he was nine years old, and his father leave two years later. That left one of Abbott's elder sisters as head of the family. After such an upbringing - the inspiration for "the UK's most dysfunctional family", the Gallaghers of Shameless - Abbott is a survivor who's not afraid to say what's on his mind.
He will not be deflected by the BBC's hesitation. "We are pushing ahead anyway," he says. "Truth is there has been a lot going on [in Manchester] for a good 30 years. They talk as if they are going to cultivate the North with the potential and skill to make television programmes. But Cracker, Prime Suspect, Band of Gold all came out of the same stable in Manchester, 12 or 14 years back. It's not giving to, it's giving back to."
He is still bemused by Granada's decision in 2002 to relocate its headquarters from Manchester to the London Television Centre, on the south bank of the Thames. "I don't think they know what they lost when they migrated. It's not about political, it's about regional or territorial pride in what you are doing. Granada stood for a lot, so a lot of people went to them for free, the kind of writers they couldn't tempt back in a month of Sundays," he says. "Manchester hangs over a really fertile breeding ground for writers and musicians. It just seems bankrupt of forethought to have not invested in that."
Abbott is making his own investment, convinced that the BBC's move will mean little if it amounts merely to spending on bricks and mortar while the commissioning process remains in London. He reveals that he is setting up a studio for writers, which will be based in a country house 10 minutes from his home in the Manchester suburbs. "It's not an academy, it's a studio that is about distilling ideas to the best they can ever get." Will it be like the specialist schools of writing already being established at the BBC by drama chief John Yorke?
"The total opposite. No disrespect to John but they're teaching writers how to write soap- long running series. They need writers for EastEnders, Holby and all that. That's hardly a writing academy. You are creaming off the ones who can do it exactly to your standard."
Teaching people to find their true writing wings takes at least two or three years, Abbott says. "That's why you end up with boring writers, because they're all fully-cooked too early and nobody wants to make them fly. Mind you, some of them I've had to make them fly by pushing them off a tower block."
Abbott, who constantly talks about "raising the bar" and "aiming higher", is frustrated at the standard of the scripts in British television. He's cancelled his satellite subscription because there's nothing worth viewing. "They're just willing you not to watch telly. It's so wilfully bad. I know you've made a reality show but you could have done it with more dignity than that."
British television grossly underestimates the intelligence and imagination of its audience, Abbott says, comparing the industry unfavourably with America. "Just because an audience wants to watch Heartbeat doesn't mean to say you've got to make it like white, sliced bread. Heartbeat could have been Heimat. The bar is set way, way too low. I watch ER, I don't watch Holby - it looks like you've crammed one hour's drama into 26 episodes. We breed typists and it's our fault."
Abbott is clearly proud that the Emmy-winning writer for ER, John Wells, has bought the rights to develop an American version of Shameless. "You watch people on ER working and they are just supremely comfortable. Nobody fears putting up a suggestion that is crap because they know that the next stage is the growth stage and somebody has to say the first bit."
There is a blandness to London media, he argues. "It's flooded with people who are under-skilled and not creative. They're all architectural scaffolders and there's nobody doing masonry."
Abbott knows that as his own status grows so he too becomes vulnerable to claims that he is losing his touch. "The worst thing about getting a reputation is people withdraw the right to fail. It's really important that you don't let that constrict you. I had three or four lifetime achievement awards in one year and yet I am writing a scene that doesn't work and thinking, 'This is the end of me, the end of me'."
One critic damned him with faint praise by saying that a successful first episode of State of Play might not prevent the rest of the series from going downhill. Abbott refers to this writer as a "pan-faced, miserable, peevish oaf."
Though sensitive to criticism, the creator of Frank Gallagher delivers his retorts with a crude but easy humour. He has spent a decade mentoring young writers and, though he is not hesitant to identify failings in television, he is essentially an optimist and talent spotter, a declared enemy of those curmudgeons and misanthropes who foster a culture of underachievement.
Press references that place the word "scriptwriter" ahead of his name are often "pejorative", he claims. "There's one journalist who does it quite often and says 'the scriptwriter Paul Abbott'. I think, 'You can't still be saying that.' I've got five lifetime achievement awards and a better writing style than you."
There was a time when Paul Abbott avoided describing himself as a writer for different reasons. "My family only found out I was writing when they saw me in the paper with the trophy when I had won the Lancashire Festival. It was like being caught masturbating. I bet one of my family was on a court report three pages down and they'd have been more proud of him than me. But if I had told them they'd have talked me out of it."
By the time the young Paul Abbott joined the Burnley Writers' Circle, submitting articles for magazines such asTitbits and the Weekly News, he had already undergone a breakdown. He still suffers from depression and recently took part in the Mental Health Media Awards to promote better coverage of such issues. "Most bipolar people - schizophrenics - I know, wouldn't sacrifice their illness. I know that's what makes me. I don't like the bad bits but tough, I would not take it away. The last time I went through a really bad one I created State of Play and Shameless in the same year. Male members of my family will not talk about my breakdown. It's not as if it's embarrassing, I pulled through it didn't I? They don't want to talk about it because they don't know how to and you've got to teach them how to."
Abbott reaches out on such issues through his drama. "It's like homeopathy. You've got to go in and take a bit of the worst of it and take the audience and their fears with you. I'm really proud we did that on Shameless, sliding stuff in under the audience's radar. Half my family vote BNP, but I can't have a row with them because they'll just twat me and say 'Oh shut up, you're talking like a social worker.' I will talk to them through Frank [Gallagher], who they love, doing his immigration speech at the end of the Christmas special. They found that funny. I said, 'If you found that funny you have to understand what it means.'"
He will shortly go further and make a musical feature film about the BNP in Burnley. He won't be asking the locals to contribute suggestions for the script. "I don't want putting off. I'm not going to canvass their opinions - I don't want them to shape my film. If you import too many of other people's philosophies you can't be a writer."
Abbott, whose production company Tightrope Pictures has offices in London and Manchester, is also working on a new project for Channel 4, Mrs In-Betweeny, a sort of transsexual Mrs Doubtfire. "It's about stripping away gender to teach kids that are divorced that there's no superior authority one way or the other," he explains.
He has been writing professionally since 1982, after sending work to Alan Bennett and getting the chance to write radio plays for the BBC. He thinks the current crop of radio drama is mixed and is not afraid to tell Radio 4 that "a huge amount of radio plays are just appallingly reductive, patronising lumps of old shite but then you get one that keeps you listening for the rest of the year. I'm often phoning up saying, 'Where was the microphone there?' I think I'm barred from the duty log now."
Coronation Street, for which he became the youngest-ever scriptwriter at 25, no longer demands its audience to tune in for every episode, he feels. "They've made it too disposable. It's mix-and-match, scratch-and-sniff."
As he talks, he signs copies of the DVD of the third series of Shameless, which is released this week. He admires the way his entrepreneurial son put one Paul Abbott-autographed Shameless DVD (RRP £19.99) up for sale on eBay. He is less happy that it sold for £20. "My signature was worth exactly one pence."
Already Abbott is working on series five, which will have a longer, 16-episode run but, he promises, will not be diluted because of it. "I'm trying to drive characters and build a constellation that takes us into a longer order series by putting more in and not less."
Back in Burnley at the Abbott family's MOT garage ("it's run by my nephew, Keith, son of Keith, son of Keith, if you ever get stuck"), a giant 48-sheet Shameless poster covers one wall, with the added message "As seen on TV!"
The Abbotts may have been the model for the Gallaghers but Shameless is more than autobiography. "You are not importing actual events. The whole point is story-telling, and it's a really satisfying job when you're allowed to do it properly. There's barrels of that stuff left yet. More than Bush has got."
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Germanwings plane crash: Transcript reveals passengers 'screamed for over five minutes' before plane crashed into mountain
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text:
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
Lovely double room in a stylish and cosy apartment with an ethnic touch, located in the very central area of Rome, Piazza Bologna. Very quiet place, with windows facing a private shared garden, and situated in a building of the '30s. The area is very lively, full of small shops, wine bars, and a typical local food market.
Excellent connection to the historic centre and only two blocks from Bologna metro station (LINEA B - 3 stops from Termini Station, 5 from the Colosseum, and 6 from the Spanish Steps). Tiburtina Train and Bus Station, with all train connections to the airport is just at a walking distance or one stop by tube.
The neighborhood of Piazza Bologna, which is very close to the historical center, is known for the wonderful historic park of Villa Torlonia, so beautiful that seems an open-air museum, and it is close to Villa Borghese and the Aurelian Wall. The University of Rome 'La Sapienza' is nearby, and so it is the university district of San Lorenzo.
The room comes furnished with a French size futon (140 cm large), wardrobe, and table.
P.S. Please do not make a reservation before sending an inquiry email. Thanks!
Be clean. Do not ruin furniture or amenities. Do not invite any stranger or other people at home.
What a wonderful flat and host! Nicole is such a nice host, it was a pleasure talking with her. I warmly recommend her place - and the neighbourhood is fine as well!
Nicole is a great host, welcomed me right after I arrived in Rome and then gave me a short introduction to the most important places and sites of the city (also some personal hotspots). The appartment is lovely and there's plenty of space. The atmosphere is inviting and cosy, reflecting Nicole's personality. We didn't have enough time to talk, but Nicole is easy-going and I would have loved to spend more time chatting (but Rome is time-consuming!).
I had a wonderful time in Rome. The flat is located very conveniently, 2 minutes from the underground station from where you can get wherever you wish withing a very short time. The flat itself is beautiful, very nicely furnished and has everything you need. Nicole is a great host, will tell you everything you need to know about Rome so that you can enjoy your time to the fullest. I can only recommend this spot! Thank you, Nicole! :-) Sending you many hugs from Switzerland!
I had a wonderful time staying at Nicole's. The area of Bologna is really nice and within easy commuting distance to central areas. The room was cosy and very comfortable. Nicole went above and beyond to make things easy for me and I can highly recommend staying with her.
Nicole appealed to me from the beginning, she`s a very nice and interesting person. We really enjoyed our stay in her home. Also we did´nt spent much time there, we enjoyed the few moments talking together. nicole knows rome quiet well and can give you a lot of information and storys. Beautiful women in a beautiful place!
Nicole was a good host. Before we arrived, she provided us detailed instructions how to get from the train station to her place, so we had no trouble finding her place.
Showering was a little difficult as her tub doesn't have a curtain, but other than that, the apt was as expected!
I'm a solar and discreet person. I've travelled since I was a kid and found myself in the funniest situations around the world. I've been working in broadcasting for many years. I'm environmentally friendly and really enjoy meeting people from other countries. I speak English, Spanish, Italian, and some French.


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I know that UML diagram can be used both to model database designs and class design designs. But ER diagram can be used only in database problems. so when do u use ER diagram and when to use UML diagram??
ERD - Entity Relation Diagram - giving you image of how the tables should connect, what fields are going to be on each table, the tables connection, if many-to-many, one-to-many.
UML can be used for many diagrams other then ERD. sequence diagram, state diagram, more for the funcionality of the application (what user can do, who does it, when he does it, before what step, what table he use to do it) other then the tables description.
I Would use ERD to describe database relation and UML to describe operations, time, actions, etc..
Refer wiki : Entity-relationship_diagram & Unified_Modeling_Language
UML is the notation so if you are speaking with people who understand UML it would be beneficial to use UML. A classical entity relationship diagram is usually in Chen notation.
Personally I have found that I always use UML for modeling entity relationships and only used Chen in academia.
Just use always UML since it kind of subsumes ER. The only reason to use ER would be if you´re using a tool (e.g. to generate the DDL SQL scripts to create the tables) that only supports ER (now most do support UML but you may still find some that sticked to ER)


text:
Posts from Christmas
Recipe: Bubble and Squeak
Recipes from The Kitchn
21 Homemade Gifts You Can Make Over the Long Weekend
Gifts from The Kitchn
I adore the weekend after Thanksgiving. It's long and replete with leftovers, and it's also when I get seriously excited about planning Christmas gifts. This weekend is still early enough to start a project like DIY vanilla or cocktail bitters, or to make a big batch of caramels, but not too early to freeze some dough for homemade puppy treats.
If you need a few fresh ideas for homemade holiday gifts this year, take a look! We have 15 homemade gifts from the kitchen (or for the kitchen) that you can get a head start on this weekend.
Recipe: Hasselback Sweet Potatoes
Side Dish Recipes from The Kitchn
I am not a holiday food purist. When my family switched our eating habits, we carried our love of vegetables and whole grains into the holidays as well. At first, the other members of my extended family were hesitant, but after a few years, they realized that while the food was heavily loaded with vegetables, it was still delicious. These simple sweet potatoes would easily grace our table during the holidays.
How To Check the Temperature on a Turkey
Cooking Lessons from The Kitchn
We've always found that being told how to check the internal temperature of the turkey in one line of instruction is very different than actually doing it. And when we're talking about not only our own health but that of our guests as well, we don't want to get it wrong!
Here is how to take the temperature of your turkey and make sure that it has arrived at the safe internal temperature for eating.
How To Make Turkey Gravy: The Simplest, Easiest Method
Cooking Lessons from The Kitchn
You've roasted your turkey, and now it's time for for gravy. You don't need a recipe; this step-by-step guide will show you how to make delicious gravy to smother your mashed potatoes and gravy.
The deeply browned and greasy scrapings from the bottom of the roasting pan might not look like much when you first take the turkey out of the oven. But those drippings are Thanksgiving manna. Let's make some gravy.
Recipe: Pumpkin Swiss Cake Roll with Hazelnut Buttercream
Dessert Recipes from The Kitchn
How To Cook Turkey Breast: The Simplest, Easiest Method
Cooking Lessons from The Kitchn
Are you hosting a smaller Thanksgiving this year? Don't bother with a whole turkey — just roast a turkey breast! One half-breast or even a whole turkey breast makes more than enough for a small party of four to six. (And yes, you'll still have plenty of pan drippings to make gravy.)
Turkey breasts are also a cinch to roast. No flipping, no basting, no fuss. Here's a recipe to show you how to do it, step by step.
4 Ways to Enjoy the Winter Holidays More When on a Budget
Grocery Intelligence
Cocktail Recipe: Sparkling White Cranberry Sangria
The 10-Minute Happy Hour
How To Make Mashed Potatoes in the Slow Cooker
Cooking Lessons from The Kitchn
Mashed potatoes are a requirement on the Thanksgiving table, and a hearty side dish for any meal throughout the fall and winter. But they do require some labor: Peeling, chopping, boiling, mashing. One of my favorite Thanksgiving tips is to do all this labor ahead and keep the potatoes warm for hours in the Crock-Pot.
But then it hit me: Why not use the slow cooker from start to finish? Could you take half the labor out of mashed potatoes? Turns out, you can — and, guess what? I'm never going back. Here's a step-by-step recipe for the best mashed potatoes, made from start to finish in the slow cooker.


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Are You Looking for Great Guitar Lessons in Olympia?
Look no further. Guitar lessons can be so much more than just learning "new stuff". I'm not just going to teach you how to play guitar. I'm going to walk you through every step of the process, give you the training you need to overcome every obstacle and do everything in my power to help you become the kind of guitar player you want to be.
Not All Guitar Lessons Are Created Equal
|What You Get
|Other Teachers
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2. Individualized Lesson Plans So You Reach Your Personal Goals (Not the Teacher's Goals)
You have your own goals and desires for your guitar playing, which is why your lessons are going to be designed to help you reach your specific goals. Whether it's playing songs with friends and family, getting ready to study for a music degree or preparing for a career as a professional musician, your goals are what drive your lessons.
3. More Options
You have more options that just private lessons – occasional lessons, evaluation sessions, children's music classes, music theory, and the Total Guitar Mastery Program. You need the right lesson format for your specific needs, which is why have more choices and options than any other guitar teacher in Olympia.
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This unique and innovative program is designed to give you maximum results in the shortest amount of time possible. With the Total Guitar Mastery Program, you can learn much faster than learning alone, from YouTube videos, or from an average guitar teacher.
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If you want dramatic improvement, you need someone who has experience and knowledge – someone who's seen the problems you're having and can tell you exactly what you need to do to solve whatever is hindering you from becoming the guitarist you dream of. With 10 years of teaching experience and continual training from one of the top guitar teachers in the world, you can be confident that you're going to get the best instruction and training available.
6. Learn to Play Guitar, Not Just Chords and Songs
Yes, you can and will learn to play your favorite songs, but learning chords and songs is not learning how to play the guitar. The sad truth is that many people do not learn how to play guitar, they learn how to play one small element of the guitar.
7. Higher Standards = Superior Results
The truth is that you can waste a lot of time and money with an ineffective guitar teacher. I hold myself to a high standard and will insure you get the best possible lessons so you make the maximum amount of progress in your playing.
8. Additional Opportunities to Study Exactly What You Want
Do you want to study lead guitar? Songwriting? Music theory? Play in a guitar ensemble? Your average guitar teacher might incorporate some of this into your private lessons, but I offer opportunities to study these and other subjects in depth, so you get all the help you need to accomplish your specific goals.
9. Convenient location
I'm conveniently located just north of North Thurston High School, a few minutes drive from I-5 off exit 108 with plenty of parking.


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In response to:
Seems like Obama needs to be removed from office. Why is he still there?
I sometimes wonder why it takes till you are almost 22 to become useful in our society! Guess that may be why a lot of our products are being manufactured overseas!
A degree is simply a piece of paper - life is an education and Scott Walker was smart enough to absorb it.
If many colleges had to guarantee repayment of student loans they would close down - in a hurry! Over one third of these 'loans' are never repaid!
There sure are two many 'theorists teaching our children in place of what is needed to survive in the real world, where people mostly need food, clothing and a place to live. Unfortunately us parents work to provide those necessities and sent our kids to 'universities' where they are brain washed by academia's who have never produced anything but 'words'! . It is time for more apprenticeships and less 'degrees'! We need less Angela Davies and more down to earth workers!
In response to:
I agree but it should have been done BEFORE he killed two men!
History is in the past - it is time to move on!
History is in the past - it is time to move on!
If you are right it sounds like time for a reprint and revision!
Having a 'Black History Month' is in itself biased.


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Love and Peace
Senior Member
Lilz Twisted
Heros End
Why is Nasus allowed to proc Q on towers and not Rengar. Someone give me a ****ing answer. Like are we just gonna pretend they didn't buff TP and now CDR runes just so Nasus could be a potato top lane all day and do what they butchered Rengar for.
Von Nicklesnout
Junior Member
I feel it was a HUGE oversight that a hunter/stalker themed champion who leaps from the brush is a mediocre jungler. He was mediocre before, and the removal of AS from the unempowered Q has made him worse. The hunter cat is just a kitten in the jungle. Please fix this.
© 2015 Riot Games, Inc. All rights reserved. Riot Games, League of Legends and PvP.net are trademarks, services marks, or registered trademarks of Riot Games, Inc.


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Man, 19, indicted in slaying of woman he called 'Grandma'
Zachary Snyder held without bond in death of 66-year-old Dunnellon-area resident
Published: Saturday, December 5, 2009 at 6:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, December 5, 2009 at 12:05 a.m.
A Marion County grand jury on Friday handed down a first-degree murder indictment against 19-year-old Zachary Snyder in connection with the killing of Doris Babcock, a 66-year-old Dunnellon resident who once offered the teen refuge from foster care.
The grand jury took two and a half hours to consider the case against Snyder, who is being held without bail at the Marion County Jail on separate theft counts related to the case.
Babcock's remains were found in a burn pit behind her home last month. Blood was also found on her kitchen walls, sink and bedroom. Authorities said the cause of death for now was homicidal violence of indeterminate means.
The victim's remains have been sent to an anthropology lab at the University of Florida to determine a more conclusive cause of death, according to prosecutor Rock Hooker.
Babcock was first reported missing by her husband, a long-distance truck driver. During a well-being check at her home, sheriff's deputies came upon Snyder, who had the victim's six credit cards in his pocket. They observed the burn pit and disheveled state of the home, including nearby garbage bags containing bloody carpet, rags and a knife.
A search of Snyder's mobile home later turned up to-do lists that each began with "kill Mrs. Dee," authorities said.
Snyder met Babcock while he was a patient at the Ocala psychiatric facility now known as The Vines. Babcock took Snyder, an adoptee shuffled through the foster care system, into her home five years ago. Snyder has denied murdering the woman he once called "Grandma."
The State Attorney's Office is still deciding whether it plans to seek the death penalty against Snyder. He will be formally arraigned within the next 30 days.
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YU-GI-OH! GX, Vol. 4
The Semifinals Begin!
By Naoyuki Kageyama; Naoyuki Kageyama (Illustrator)
(VIZ Media LLC, Paperback, 9781421531731, 216pp.)
Publication Date: January 5, 2010
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Yu-Gi-Oh! GX The Next Generation of Duelist has arrived! Jaden Yuki: The Next Generation of Yu-Gi-Oh! Champion has arrived. He's going to be the best player ever. If he can just get out the worst dorm in history!
Reads R to L (Japanese Style).
The Semifinals Begin! The Duel Academy tournament has reached the semifinal round, with the winner getting a chance to take on duel champion Zane "Kaiser" Truesdale. Jaden and Bastion go head to head in an all-out match, followed by Chazz taking on the mysterious David Rabb. The winners of these two matches will face off in the final round of the tournament! But will David Rabb's evil master plan ruin everything? Years after Yugi's legendary battles, the game is so popular that special institutions dedicated to the art of the Duel have sprung up all over the world. Join Jaden Yuki and his pals at the Academy for the adventures of the next generation of Yu-Gi-Oh!
Naoyuki Kageyama was born April 12th, 1969, which makes him an Aries, and is originally from Tokyo, Japan. He is the recipient of an honorable mention for the 1990 Weekly Shonen Jump Hop Step Award for his work, Mahou No Trump (Magic Trump) and started drawing Yu-Gi-Oh! GX for Monthly V Jump in February 2006. Kageyama is a baseball fan and his favorite team is the Seibu Lions.


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See more activities in: Second Grade, Passover
This Sephardic meat pie features ground beef, mashed potato, onions, and spices simmered in a hearty gravy and then baked in matzoh crust.
What You Need:
- 1 pound (450 g) ground beef
- 1 large potato, baked and mashed
- 1/2 cup onion, minced
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/2 teaspoon ground black pepper
- 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/2 teaspoon allspice
- 1 cup water
- 8 matzoh sheets
- 1 to 2 cups warm water
- 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
What You Do:
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (180 degrees C)
- Put beef, potato, onion, salt, pepper, cinnamon, allspice, and water in skillet. Simmer over medium heat for 30 minutes.
- While meat mixture cooks, soak 4 matzoh sheets in warm water until they are very soft — almost mushy.
- Squeeze moisture out of the wet matzoh using papering towel. Press matzoh onto bottom and sides of a 9-inch pie pan.
- Brush matzoh with 1 tablespoon vegetable oil and place in oven for 2 to 3 minutes.
- After meat is finished cooking, spoon onto matzoh crust.
- Soak remaining matzoh in warm water until soft. Place pieces of softened matzoh on top of meat mixture to form an outer crust. When finished, brush with remaining vegetable oil and then bake for 20 minutes.
Excerpted with permission from Jewish Holidays Cookbook (DK Publishing).
Updated on Oct 15, 2012
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Erik Wemple
Erik Wemple (born August 18, 1964) is a media critic at The Washington Post. He was formerly the editor of the alternative weekly Washington City Paper.
In 2004, Wemple was the co-recipient with Josh Levin of the Association of Alternative Newsweeklies for their article "Off Target" published in Washington City Paper.
Wemple was raised in Schenectady, New York and attended Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, graduating in 1986. In 1986-87 Wemple taught and coached sports at Trinity Pawling School, in Pawling, New York. In the fall of 1987, he moved to Washington, D.C. to pursue graduate studies at Georgetown University. From January 1999 to November 2000, Wemple wrote the paper's political column, Loose Lips, after having contributed articles to the paper for a few years.[1] Before becoming editor of Washington City Paper, he was Washington correspondent for Inside.com and CableWorld magazine.[1]
In June 2006, Wemple accepted the Editor-in-Chief position at The Village Voice. A month later, he announced he would not assume the position. He refused to answer reporters' questions as to the reasons behind his change of heart.[1][2]
In Feb. 2010, Wemple informed the staff of the staff of the Washington City Paper that he was leaving to be the new editor of TBD.com.[3]
In 2013, J. K. Trotter of Gawker Media declared Wemple a "hero", and that "like a deeply embedded anthropologist, Wemple scours Washington media (and, not infrequently, their New York counterparts) for hypocrisy, excess, and corruption. He's the anti-Mike Allen, frequently piercing the Politico's madman's self-inflating bubble of hype at the moment it threatens to blot out the sun."[4]
Notable stories[edit]
In his Washington Post blog, Wemple frequently broke news about a libel suit against fellow journalist Betsy Rothstein and the website Fishbowl DC. Rothstein wrote several posts alleging that a local Washington publicist, Wendy Gordon, was promiscuous and often drunk. In one particular post, a Fishbowl DC blogger wrote: "We actually have a burning and enduring love for Wendy that grows stronger with every week. Kind of like chlamydia."[1][5]
Rothstein asserted as a defense that she had not libeled Gordon because what she had written was in part satirical. Wemple was the first to report settlement of the lawsuit, and also the first reporter to whom Gordon spoke, an "exclusive" which he posted on his "Erik Wemple blog" in the Post.[6]
Rothstein countered that Wemple's exhaustive coverage of the case, which Rothstein said was "excessive" and unfair, was driven by earlier negative posts she had published about Wemple at Fishbowl DC, writing that "Wemple does not see how his disdain for FishbowlDC just drips through" while making "decisions he made while writing."[7]
On August 8, 2000, Wemple, while a columnist for the Washington City Paper, wrote a column criticizing Peggy Cooper Cafritz, then a candidate for president of the District of Columbia Public Schools, opining that a white woman should not run for such a position in a city that was predominantly African-American. Cafritz is African-American.
Cafritz's son, Zachary Cooper Cafritz, shortly thereafter, wrote a letter to the City Paper's editor, complaining: "Erik Wemple clearly wrote his column lazily and without any research. His errors bring into question his journalistic credibility and the credibility of the paper that chose to print his column. I could do nothing but laugh as I read the paragraph discussing the significance of my mother's being a white woman on the election and on Mayor Williams' policy. I have known my mother for 15 years, and, to the best of my knowledge, she is a black woman."[8]
In 2012, a freelance writer named Cathy Alter alleged that an article she wrote for the City Paper, and edited by Wemple, was altered by Wemple against her will to incorrectly portray the facts. The article in question, "Voyeur Eyes Only," was about a woman named Jennifer Ringley, who had become widely known for broadcasting her private life over the internet - a scandal at the time. Alter met Ringley and liked her, and wrote a favorable profile. This, according to Wemple, was a major violation. The City Paper had what it called its "freak of the week," a person who served as a piñata for the editors and readers. So Wemple altered the copy. Alter was outraged, and told Wemple, to no avail. Alter recalled that Wemple was insistent on portraying Ringley, the "freak of the week", as fat. "He kept saying 'I was a fat kid and got teased, she'll get over it,' Alter said. The piece referred to Ringley as "a chunky lover of Pooh" -- as in Winnie-the-Pooh. "I definitely did not write that," Alter said.[9]
- ^ a b c d "Erik Wemple", brief biography in the People Directory of the Association of Alternative Newsweeklies (AAN), accessed August 29, 2007. (Inc. hyperlinked archive to "In the News" articles by and about Wemple and his AAN award and honorable mention.)
- ^ Motoko Rich, "Before He Moves In, The Village Voice's Editor Moves On", The New York Times, June 16, 2006, accessed April 11, 2008.
- ^ "Washington City Paper Editor Erik Wemple is Leaving the Paper". Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ J.K. Trotter. "Gawker Heroes: Erik Wemple". J.K. Trotter. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ Erik Wemple, "Inside the Lawsuit Against Fishbowl DC", The Washington Post, January 23, 2013
- ^ "Inside the lawsuit against FishbowlDC". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ "WaPo's Wemple Wimps Out". Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ "Zachary Cooper Caffritz, Letter to the Editor, Washington City Paper, Sept. 1, 2000.". Washington City Paper. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ "Mark Judge, Real Clear Politics, March 5, 2012". Retrieved 5 November 2014.


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Turning his own impending death into an opportunity to explore life and find meaning there...amazing. Terrifically inspiring and tremendously moving.
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Ideas & Trends: Hand-Me-Downs; When Parents Leave a Bequest of Hatred
By ALAN COWELL
Published: June 23, 2002
LONDON— THE images have become mundane, and all the more dreadful for that: at a razor-wire barricade in Bethlehem, women in head scarves berate occupying Israeli troops while, at their elbow, children look on, absorbing the language of hate. In Northern Ireland, Catholic mothers brave a gantlet of Protestant protesters to reach the Holy Cross Catholic School in north Belfast, escorting wide-eyed and weeping children not just to their classes but, implicitly, to their initiation into the province's anguish.
In modern times, it sometimes seems as if all conflicts are inherited, passed from generation to generation not to achieve war's traditional aims -- access to minerals, oil, territory -- but simply to determine what identity is stamped on parcels of land, the crucible of conflicts defined by long histories.
Nowhere last week did that process seem more entrenched and despairing than in the Middle East. With Israel starting to reoccupy Palestinian territory until Palestinian suicide bombings stop, it appeared that Arab and Jew had arrived at a final retreat from the promise of reconciliation contained in the Oslo accords of the early 1990's. Now, rather than breaking the heritage of violence, the logic of blow and counterblow seems to have delivered all the cards into the hands of those committed to force, in their pursuit of mutually exclusive agendas.
''The trust has been broken,'' said Kirsten Schulze, a lecturer in Middle Eastern history at the London School of Economics, ''and the legacy of a peace process gone wrong is going to be added to all the issues that were on the table before.''
Consider, for a moment, the geography of some of these terribly intimate conflicts, which seems designed to cram a broader dispute -- Catholic versus Protestant, Arab versus Israeli, Indian versus Pakistani -- into a closed and claustrophobic space. Without conflict in the Middle East it would be technically possible to drive from Beirut to Damascus, Amman, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and back to Beirut for supper. The Kashmir Valley, by some calculations, covers just one quarter of one percent of the combined land mass of India and Pakistan. Belfast has a population of around 600,000.
But in all these places, and in others stretching through the Balkans and into Africa, successive generations have handed down an ever-sharper legacy of loss and betrayal to their offspring, almost ensuring that conflict -- or at least hatred -- will endure among people doomed to live side by side.
The generational passions are not the only trigger. In the Balkans, nationalist politicians, most notably Slobodan Milosevic, used the latent hatreds to stoke personal ambition. ''The thirst for power is a terrible thing,'' said Dominic Murray of the Irish Peace Institute at the University of Limerick.
And such passions combine easily with economic grievance, as in the apartheid years of South Africa, or with an inherited sense of loss like that among Palestinian refugees; these create the sense of an economic underclass, said Nicholas Haysom, a South African constitutional lawyer and former legal advisor to Nelson Mandela who has acted as a peace emissary elsewhere in Africa. And when that sense of disadvantage persists, ''where is the incentive for peace?'' said Walter Russell Mead of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York.
In many conflicts, the passing of the agenda from one generation to another is accompanied by increasing radicalism. In South Africa in the mid-1980's, young protesters against apartheid railed as much against their parents' perceived compliance with segregation as they did against its enforcers.
IN the Middle East, the hardening of the lines through successive generations -- presided over by two men who have spanned the age gap with remarkable dexterity, Ariel Sharon and Yasir Arafat -- has strengthened only the extremes on both sides who deny the other's right to statehood or security.
That has clear tactical implications. In the first Palestinian uprising of the late 1980's, youthful protesters threw rocks and gasoline bombs. Now they fire automatic weapons and gird themselves with explosives as suicide bombers, while Israel responds with tanks and a wall along the divide with the West Bank -- an uncanny reminder of the ''peace wall'' between Catholics and Protestants in Belfast.
These wars of identity, rarely fought by the Geneva Conventions, occur in lands where, Mr. Mead said, part of ''being who you are means hating those other people.'' That produces gruesome abuses that devalue human life -- the ''necklace'' executions of the South African townships 15 years ago, the Balkan massacres of the mid-1990's or the Palestinian suicide bombers in Israel today.
What seems to sustain some of these fights is an idealized vision of an elusive past -- a bucolic Palestine before Israel was created, a golden age of Irish unity before the British meddled or a pastoral, harmonious Africa predating colonialism.
IN the Balkans, Serbs trace their loss to a defeat by Muslim invaders at Kosovo Polje in 1389. According to the British author Tim Judah, these defining myths carry such weight in modern self-perceptions that Albanian and Serb scholars disputed even the nature of Kosovo's history.