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The invention provides a method and composition for the removal of nonpolar stains from a fabric comprising:
contacting said stains with densified carbon dioxide and a cleaning adjunct in mixture with said carbon dioxide.
1. A method for the removal of nonpolar stains from a fabric comprising:
contacting at least one nonpolar stain which is already present on a fabric first with a nonpolar cleaning adjunct which contains alkanes with a carbon chain length of C16-24 in a stain-solubilizing or -removing amount and thereafter, with a fluid medium which is either densified or supercritical carbon dioxide in an amount effective to remove said at least one stain; and removing said stain.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein densified carbon dioxide is used as the fluid medium.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said densified carbon dioxide is liquid carbon dioxide.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said fluid medium is supercritical carbon dioxide.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said densified carbon dioxide has a pressure, at room temperature, of greater than 800 psi.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said cleaning adjunct has a viscosity of 0.5 cps or greater at standard temperature and pressure.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said cleaning adjunct is mineral oil.
8. The method of claim 1 1 wherein said cleaning adjunct is petrolatum.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention provides a method and composition for the removal of especially nonpolar stains from fabrics by using a mixture of densified carbon dioxide and a cleaning adjunct, which is a nonpolar liquid.
2. Brief Statement on Related Art
There has been limited recognition in the use of carbon dioxide to clean fabrics. Carbon dioxide has been used a standard propellant in the delivery of foaming cleaning products, e.g., Harris, U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,333.
Maffei, U.S. Pat. No. 4,012,194, described a dry cleaning system in which chilled liquid carbon dioxide is used to extract soils adhered to garments. The liquid carbon dioxide is converted to gaseous carbon dioxide, the soils removed in an evaporator and the gaseous carbon dioxide is then recycled. Maffei, however, does not teach, disclose or suggest the use of additional cleaning adjuncts in connection with his chilled liquid carbon dioxide dry cleaning system.
More recently, the use of supercritical fluids, e.g., carbon dioxide whose temperature has been elevated to past a so-called critical point, has been studied for the purposes of solvent extraction, as in, e.gs., Kirk-Othmer, Encycl of Chem. Tech., 3d Ed., Vol. 24 (Supplement), pp. 872-893 (1983) and Brogle, "CO2 in Solvent Extraction," Chem. and Ind., pp. 385-390 (1982). This technology is of high interest because of the need for little or no organic solvents in such extraction processes, which is very desirable from an environmental standpoint.
However, none of the prior art discloses, teaches or suggests the combination of densified carbon dioxide and a cleaning adjunct as a cleaning agent for the removal of soils and stains from fabrics, said cleaning adjunct being a nonpolar liquid. Nor does the art teach, disclose or suggest the use of such combination of densified carbon dioxide and a cleaning adjunct as a cleaning agent as a dry cleaning process, the novel combination providing an environmentally safe alternative to the use of ordinary dry cleaning materials such as Stoddard solvent or perchloroethylene ("perc").
The invention provides, in one embodiment, a method for the removal of nonpolar stains from a fabric comprising:
contacting said stains with densified carbon dioxide and a nonpolar cleaning adjunct in admixture with said carbon dioxide.
In a further embodiment is provided a cleaning agent for removing nonpolar stains from fabrics comprising a mixture of densified carbon dioxide and a cleaning adjunct, said cleaning adjunct being a nonpolar liquid.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a novel cleaning agent which uses densified carbon dioxide and a cleaning adjunct therewith.
It is another object of this invention to provide a method for the dry cleaning of fabrics while avoiding significant use of such solvents as perchloroethylene and Stoddard solvent, or similar hydrocarbon solvents.
It is yet another object of this invention to clean stained fabrics with a combined densified carbon dioxide/adjunct system which has surprisingly superior performance over the use of either carbon dioxide or adjunct alone applied to the stain.
It is a further object of this invention to remove nonpolar soils from fabrics while avoiding the use of water and other solvents which could, upon removal from the fabric, cause damage to the fabric by shrinkage or warping.
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a preferred embodiment of the invention, namely, a dry cleaning operation.
The invention provides a cleaning agent and method for removing nonpolar stains from fabrics comprising a mixture of densified carbon dioxide and a cleaning adjunct. As noted above, a particularly preferred application of the invention is in the use of the cleaning admixture for the nonaqueous cleaning of stained fabrics commonly known as dry cleaning.
Dry cleaning is conducted primarily by small businesses, many of which have been in operation for many years prior to the onset of stringent environmental legislation regarding the use and disposal of organic solvents, e.g., perc and Stoddard solvent. Because of the ever-growing concern that ground waters may become contaminated by the widescale use of such solvents, much of this new legislation has been promulgated to regulate such use and disposal. Consequently, there is a great need for alternate ways of cleaning fabrics avoiding the use of such solvents, while obtaining effective cleaning for garments and other fabrics for which aqueous washing is contraindicated.
In the present invention, numerous definitions are utilized:
"Densified carbon dioxide" means carbon dioxide, normally a gas, placed under pressures generally exceeding preferably 800 psi at standard temperature (21� C.).
"Nonpolar cleaning adjuncts" refer to nonpolar materials which are typically liquids at room temperature (21� C.) and preferably, have a viscosity of 0.5 centipoise ("cps") or greater. They are not necessarily solvents or cleaners in the classic sense, but in the invention, function to remove soils from fabrics.
"Nonpolar stains" are those which are at least partially made by nonpolar organic compounds, such as hydrocarbon compounds (petroleum based products, such as motor oil), and other compounds typically considered to form oily soils, e.gs., without limitation, carboxylic acids (fatty acids), glycerides, sebum and the like.
"Supercritical" phase means when a substance, such as carbon dioxide, exceeds a critical temperature (e.g., 31� C.), at which point the material cannot be condensed into the liquid phase despite the addition of further pressure.
1. Densified carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless gas which can be recovered from coal gassification, synthetic ammonia and hydrogen generation, fermentation and other industrial processes. (Kirk-Othmer, Encycl. Chem. Tech., 3rd Ed., Vol. 4, pp. 725-742 (1978), incorporated herein by reference thereto.)
In the invention, densified carbon dioxide is used as a solvent for removing soils and stains from fabrics, in conjunction with the viscous cleaning adjunct. Densified carbon dioxide, as defined above, is carbon dioxide which has been placed under greater than atmospheric pressure or low temperature to enhance its density. In contrast to carbon dioxide used in pressurized cannisters to deliver foamed products, e.g., fire extinguishers or shaving creams, densified carbon dioxide is preferably at much greater pressures, e.g., 800 p.s.i. and greater. It has been found that density, rather than temperature or pressure alone, has much greater significance for enhancing the solvent-like properties of carbon dioxide. See, H. Brogle, "CO2 as a Solvent: its Properties and Applications, " Chem. and Ind., pp. 385-390 (1982), incorporated by reference thereto.
Types of densified carbon dioxide which would be of utility herein include densified carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide and liquid carbon dioxide. The concept of dense carbon dioxide encompasses these other types of carbon dioxides. Other supercritical fluids appear suitable for use, and include liquids capable of gassification, e.gs., ammonia, lower alkanes (C1-5) and the like.
The amount, or volume, of densified carbon dioxide or other supercritical fluid would depend on the type of substrate, temperature and pressure involved. Generally, an amount which is effective to remove the stain is used. Thus, for the purposes of this invention, cleaning-effective amounts are used.
2. Viscous Cleaning Adjunct
By itself, densified carbon dioxide has relatively poor soil removal performance. Surprisingly, applicants have discovered that the addition of a relatively viscous cleaning adjunct, generally speaking, an organic compound, can unexpectedly improve the removal of oily soils, particularly, hydrocarbon-based soils, from fabrics soiled with such oily soils. This is all the more surprising considering that such cleaning adjuncts themselves are not very effective at removing such oily soils from fabrics in the absence of densified carbon dioxide.
The cleaning adjuncts used herein are generally, nonpolar organic chemicals. Preferably, such adjuncts are nonpolar. As mentioned above, the adjuncts preferably have a viscosity of at least about 0.5 centipoise at standard temperature. Nonpolar compounds useful herein include hydrocarbon (alkane) compounds, as well as alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, ketones, ketones, esters, their derivatives and mixtures of the foregoing.
Preferred cleaning adjuncts are the C5-24 alkanes. These may be n-, s-, unsubstituted, substituted, cyclo-, branched and mixtures thereof. Especially preferred are paraffin oils, which have a mixture of alkanes and include some portion of C16 and higher hydrocarbon content. Examples include mineral oil and petrolatum.
Referring particularly to hydrocarbon cleaning adjuncts, it has been found that when paraffins are used as the cleaning adjunct with densified carbon dioxide, especially enhanced cleaning, beyond that expected by the combination thereof, is achieved against a nonpolar stain (dirty motor oil). This synergistic cleaning action was unexpected and evidences the superior performance of the cleaning method and composition hereunder.
It is also important to recognize that the cleaning adjunct is not a part of the homogeneous, densified or supercritical fluid system. Instead, the cleaning adjunct is added to the fabric to be cleaned either prior to, or at substantially the same time as, the application of the densified fluid, forming a heterogeneous cleaning system. Thus, the use of these cleaning adjuncts is readily distinguishable from prior art systems, in which entrainers, or co-gassifiable substances form part of the densified or supercritical fluid matrix.
The amount, or volume of the cleaning adjunct similarly varies, but is most preferably a soil-solubilizing or -removing amount. The precise mechanism for soil removal in this invention is not completely understood and thus, precise characterization of the amount of the adjunct is not presently available. However, generally speaking, although nonpolar cleaning adjuncts were found not effective at removing nonpolar soils from fabrics by themselves, in conjunction with the densified carbon dioxide, unexpectedly effective cleaning was achieved.
In the practice of the best mode of this invention, reference is conveniently made to the drawing, FIG. 1, which is a schematic depiction of the dry cleaning process and equipment suited thereto.
In FIG. 1 is generally depicted the dry cleaning operation 2. A pressurized gas cylinder 8 contains densified CO2, whose outflow can be regulated by in-line valve 4A. The gas cylinder is connected by means of tubing to pump 10, e.g, an electrically driven LDC pump, which pressurizes the CO2 along with regulator 12. A further valve 4B passes densified CO2 to be read by pressure gauge 14. The densified CO2 is fed into autoclave 18, in which the soiled fabrics are placed. The temperature of the densified CO2 is controlled by passing the CO2 through a heat exchange coil 16 located in autoclave 18. The temperature is measured by a digital thermometer 20 connected to a thermocouple (not shown). The densified CO2 and soil is then passed through valve 4C which is in line with heated control valve 6, which controls the extraction rate. Further downstream, an expansion vessel 22 collects the extracted soils, while flow gauge 24 measures the rate of extraction. The gas meter 26 measures the volume of CO2 used.
Using the operation outlined above, extractions of oily soils were undertaken using a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the stained fabric was contacted with paraffin oil (about C18 alkane) for about 15 minutes and then treated with dense CO2. This was compared against the extraction by dense CO2 and paraffin oil singly.
Several cotton swatches (Testfabric Inc. #400) were uniformly stained with dirty motor oil drained from an automobile crankcase. The swatches were allowed to set for an appropriate amount of time (aged about one week). Three sets of swatches were run in triplicate and were contacted with 1) paraffin oil only, as a solvent treatment; 2) dense CO2 only; and 3) a combination of dense CO2 and paraffin oil.
In the treatment with paraffin oil only, Baker parafin oil with a viscosity of about 350 cps at about 37.7� C., was applied to the dirty swatch, was allowed to soak in and dried for 15 minutes. The amount of oil used was about 1 gram per swatch (also 1g).
In the latter two treatments, the swatches were placed in the reaction chamber (autoclave) and CO2 (about 800 psi, 20� C.) was applied as described above. In treatment 2), the swatch were contacted with CO2 as described. In treatment 3), the inventive treatment, the swatch was first contacted with 1g of paraffin oil and allowed to set for 15 minutes. The mass of CO2 used was about 1750 g CO2 (the volume will depend on temperature and pressure used) and time of treatment varied. The relative solubility of the adjunct is significant in determining the amount of CO2 to use versus amount of adjunct. In the case of paraffin oil, it was determined that about 1,800: 1 weight ratio was optimal.
The results are shown below:
TABLE I______________________________________ AdjustedCleaning Agent % Stain Removal Std. Dev. (+/-)______________________________________Dense CO2 38.0 2.2Paraffin Oil 0.0 3.9Dense CO2 / 55.5 4.0Paraffin Oil______________________________________
The foregoing results demonstrate the unexpected superiority of the inventive cleaning composition and method over the use of dense CO2 and a cleaning adjunct used singly. The cleaning improvement was much more than merely additive, thus proving a true showing of synergism between the components of the inventive cleaner.
However, It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to these examples. The invention is further illustrated by reference to the claims which follow below, although obvious embodiments and equivalents are covered thereby.
Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
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text:
I recently joined Twitter, and am striving to become proficient in the language of hashtags so that I can use my account for more than following the journey of John Green's Paper Towns. 647 more words
Tags » Social Media Activism
Some Personal Thoughts on Social Media Activism
Recently someone raised a question, if activism on Facebook, Twitter and social media is just 'feel good' activism that people undertake in the comforts of their home or can it make a difference as what people from yesteryears did marching on the streets. 708 more words
Lazy Activism, is what Malcom Gladwell calling social media activism in his article Small Change
It is not enough for us to write a single post about his critiques, therefore we urge you to read his article provided in this post.157 more words
Furthermore, Bob Samuels also stated, that using social media to organize a protest or any social activity regarding activism is taking the first step in participation in a social movement via social media. 311 more words
Lemme take a sexfie
Introducing the sexfie, a.k.a. the sexy selfie.
In the mirror, in your best outfit. Showing it off before, after and while clubbin.
No stats on this, but I would wager that sexy photos of women get substantially more traction that personal opinions or articles that women share. 78 more words
Just a photo.
Written October 28, 2014.
It's Thursday, October 23, and Vanderbilt students are kicking off the (almost) weekend. Finishing up the last bit of homework before meeting friends for dinner or going out, it's business as usual. 743 more words
#Activism: how social media has changed the nature of how we make a difference
Multimedia reporting by Miranda Siwak
With 2014, there was a newfound surge of social media activism. From the incident in Ferguson to the viral Facebook… 2,515 more words

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Novotel Cairo 6th Of October
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... and crowding, dirty, least had nothing for them to steal. Thankfully our translator and tour staff came to the rescue and I was able to bolt, but what an eye opener. No more pictures! But really makes you wonder, this kid carry sticks, with no shoes, a thread bare shirt and dirty shorts, has a nice smart phone?! I would say a samsung 4 or something close to that size. Sure makes you wonder. The passing traffic, everything from big rigs, cars, pick ...
Fly from Heathrow to Cairo (SATURDAY)
... into the airport to wait for the next person to arrive.
Glad the vehicle was a min-van o could get the bike box inside and did't have to go on the roof - I'd brought my ball of string with me just in case required to keep it attached on the roof of a vehicle. Seemed to take a long time in the dark to get to the hotel - out at Giza. Will have to get used to the Lewis Hamilton driving style once more. A bit scary……. As well as ...
Crazy Cairo
... unfortunately it shows it however I guess when you compare it to the age of the exhibits it is just a pup, it also contains over 120,000 individual items which could take an eternity to go through, luckily with Mahmoud on board we spent the first hour seeing the main highlights from sarcophagus to papyrus and the very impressive King Tutankhamen room which includes his iconic golden mask.After the first hour we were given time to explore ourselves which we used to enter ...
... through a water pipe) after dinner. It was a lot stronger than then the flavored ones you get everywhere that the tourists usually have! It gave me a head spin after just one breath in! After we were boated back to the other side of the Nile and headed back into our hotel. On the way we saw a wedding lots of colour and noise! The next day or a few hours later. We were woken up at 3am so we could join the police escorted convoy down to Abu Simbel. They have a police escort so they ...
"CAIRO, the chaotic"
... Cairo was long with most of the time spent stuck in traffic. The city was chaotic….yes that's the word. But nothing new…it reminded me of any major African city, where honking was a method of communication between drivers. Pollution, loud noises, illegal street crossings….I LOVE IT!
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The reception and cleaning staff were absolutely fantastic with us! - Anonymous
Nice quiet hotel, clean and quite big room and bathroom. - Anonymous
The room is very nice, we booked the room for three. I think the size of room might be the issue for somebody but for us we think it is fair and lovely if compared with the price. The staffs are very helpful, although we have a little problem in communication but they are really kind and energetic. Love it!! - Anonymous
Central location yet less noise in local area. A great hotel, i'd definately return and have recommended it to everyone i've spoken to regarding Barcelona - Kenneth
This is a family-owned place that is very well maintained and has a congenial staff and atmosphere. For protracted stays the rooms are better suited for single occupancy where space allows a comfortable chair. But for short stays the twin (there are no doubles) occupancy is perfectly adequate. In all cases there is a desk with chair. The best "unadvertised" feature is the location. It is within easy walk of the Sants Estacio international rail station to the north. But within a short block or t - Anonymous
Great location - on hand for lots of bars, restaurants etc., and within walking distance of the main attractions. - Anonymous
The Service with the staff was excellent. The lady helped me much withmy kids. She even helped me get some cash back to pay the taxi - Amirouche
We were three young girls exploring barcelona with a low budget but looking for a comfortable hotel. The staff member Ella was not only beautiful but incredibly helpful in all aspects. She would give us directions and provide us with maps as well as recommendations of places to eat nearby which we ended up going to each night and for breakfast! We all needed to print off boarding passes and she would go the extra mile to help this happen. She also translated any Spanish for me. I cannot reccomm - Anonymous
friendly, helpful staff - Kean
Extremely friendly and accommodating staff, free wifi (but worked best close to reception), large balcony in room, high ceilings and windows - Anonymous
Very close to Sants train station and metro, reasonable price for staying in a clean, although quite simply furnished room. Would recommend to travelers on a budget, who are not looking for luxurious accommodation at all. Breakfast not served there, but there's plenty of cafes, pastry shops, and bars just outside the door. - Anonymous
Very good location, services and facilities, nice hotel staff (very good english). - Anonymous


text:
Town Square
New voter districts drawn by citizens' group
Original post made on Jun 13, 2011
Read the full story here Web Link posted Monday, June 13, 2011, 10:35 AM
Comments (3)
a resident of Blossom Valley
on Jun 13, 2011 at 2:32 pm
Thank you for carrying this momentous story! We should all be grateful to the Citizens Redistricting Commissioners for their careful, thoughtful work. I'm glad you cited the watchfulness of the League of Women Voters through all this, and that the League is still encouraging interested persons to comment on these map drafts.
a resident of Rex Manor
on Jun 13, 2011 at 4:34 pm
Finally the voters get to elect the politicians, rather than the other way around. I looked at the maps but wasn't able see what the proposal would mean for Mountain View. Anyone else knows?
a resident of Old Mountain View
on Jun 14, 2011 at 4:35 pm
I would also like an answer to Martin's question. I would expect the Mountain View Voice to have some information on what it means for Mountain View, not just a generic story that could apply to anywhere in the state (except for contacting one particular senator who doesn't even represent Mountain View).
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MAR 13, 2015 - Huffington Post
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You don't see too many burns on the faces of calendar models, but that's exactly why the women featured in "Bello" are smiling big for the camera. The calendar -- featuring women who survived acid attacks -- was created as part of the Stop Acid Attacks campaign by the Chhanv Foundation in India, Quartz reported. Funds raised from the sales ...
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|Swagbucks. I have won soo many $5 Amazon gift cards, just by doing web searches I would have done on my own. They use a Google search engine, just with their logo. Check out my gift cards!
|InboxDollars is sort of similar to MyPoints. You get paid to read emails, take surveys, play cash games or shop. I just received a $30 check from them.


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Nicaraguan Hand-Held Pies in the Making
So what are you baking for Pi Day? A big pie, a fluffy pie, a fruit pie, or a savory pie? Well, given the numerical importance of pi, I'm thinking of making lots and lots of hand-held pies instead.
Maybe I'll make them round, like the Nicaraguan fried pies, or maybe I'll shape them into half moons, like traditional empanadas.
Perhaps, I'll fill them with something sweet or then again, I might just make them stuffed with a beef mixture of some kind. A filling made with a bit of minced beef, with olives, raisins, and hard-boiled eggs would make me happy today.
Whatever suits your fancy, will be fine. Make a pie or two, or multiply them by three hundred if you wish and have a pi-licious day!
Recipes for my favorite hand-held pies can be found in my upcoming cookbook: Empanadas: The Hand Held Pies of Latin America which will hit stores on April 21. Pre-order your own copy so you can be among the first cooks to enjoy these little pies. Ask your favorite bookstore to carry it or order it online now.
Happy Pi-Day, y'all! Watch out for my scheduled book tour dates coming up soon.
Copyright 2015, Sandra A. Gutierrez; All Rights Reserved


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Reader comments are listed below. Comments are currently closed and new comments are no longer being accepted.
Such technology would be boon for farmers in Nepal. They are using excessive fertilizers and pesticides in one hand and struggling to cope with floods and drought on other. I wish government of Nepal would pay attention to need of farmers and come up with technology like this.
To quote -- "In March, RapidEye began selling data that help forecast harvests."
This tech sound good for futures market use. (if comprehend the weather forcast tech then caculate these two together) remind me one of the Eddie Murphy's comedy, two rich old guys.
that's a great technological!It is helpful to farmers of developing country.
Pourquoi ne pas utiliser cette technologie pour évaluer le degré de pollution des lacs?
It would be interristing to use this technology to check the water quality of our lakes and prevent cyanobacterials.
that new technology reminds me the way Lombardy became a rich country. After the Spanish, came the Austrians: the emperor Maria Teresa sent inspectors on the land (having agrarian knowledge and generally NOT speaking Italian) to evaluate each land extension's agricultural profit potential capacity: on this base the owner was obliged to pay taxes, whether he did cultivate the right crops or not...Therefore, a good land manager could profit (income summing more than taxes) whilst a bad owner (e.g not using its land) was penalised. I suggest the same rationale is applied nowadays by governments.
In the past, soil surveys were rather unwieldy projects, what with paper maps, paper soil descriptions, and no easy way to quickly prepare management recommendations in response to current conditions.
I'm happy to see vineyards, vegetable patches, or grazing lands monitored with such ease. These technologies build on remote sensing going back to early LANDSAT satellites, which the US government's Bureau of Land Management were trying to use back in the 1980s, in combination with digital mapping.
Terroir has come a long way. Could the next step be for third-world farmers to manage their activities with the help of smart phones?
The satallite technology for the putpose stated in the article will be of imense use for the countries with large areas with uniform or same crop type. However, for poor and developing countries with fragmented and small land holdings wirh different crop types varities and consequent fertility status and needed agricultural inputs may not be of much use till the change of planning and management strategies and allocation and deployment of developmental resources.
In answer to Prosperity's question, I don't think there is any reason why not. One of the outcomes is that farming can be practiced at smaller scales, with more diversity of crops in a particular region, and the prospect of optimizing/reducing transportation costs. A good historical example is in the small truck farms that used to surround New York City, for which New Jersey was called the Garden State. Also, if farmers are equipped with GIS and land information at hitherto unavailable scales one would expect less need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. There is at least one such experiment underway here, but it has still been susceptible to drought.
Does the system ever recommend more compost? Are we looking to increase organic matter in agriculture?
It is great to see technological solutions to the problem of increasing agricultural yields that do not involve genetic modification of crops to resist powerful pesticides. This is clearly an example of humans using the same senses and logic they've been using to produce food for thousands of years (enhanced with modern technology) rather than doing cartwheels to manipulate the food itself with dubious intentions.
Politics in New Zealand: A Winston win
Containing Iran: The Sunnis strike back
Middle East and Africa
The Amanda Knox verdict: Innocente
Harry Reid's retirement: Republicans get their wish
Democracy in America
Emerging markets: Predicting the next crisis
Free exchange
Nuclear talks with Iran: Distrust and verify
Middle East and Africa
Scientology film: Hammering at the walls
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text:
Faculty Profile
Sherry Downer
Adjunct Professor
E-mail: Sherry Downer
Office Number:
Office Phone: (520) 879-6852
Courses Taught:
Contemporary Issues in Employment Law - Law 697K
Employment Discrimination - Law 611A
Personal Webpage
Biographical Information
Ms. Downer practices in the areas of employment and labor law, commercial and business litigation, and professional liability. Ms. Downer represents companies in employment litigation, commercial disputes, contract claims and the defense of tort claims. She has successfully defended and obtained dismissals for professionals, including attorneys and doctors, against professional malpractice claims.
|James E. Rogers College of Law, The University of Arizona, , J.D. (2004)


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League of Legends
Annie theory
Level two is way too early, but I always get that point in there before tibbers.
Seems silly not to, the little bit of extra damage on Q or W does not compare to the utility, defense, and yes indeed still extra damage from the first E.
I don't build tear though. It's all about them stuns.
If Pluto is not a planet Europe is just West Asia.
All abilities gain more from the first point than the subsequent 4.
Shuriko posted...
All abilities gain more from the first point than the subsequent 4.
Infinitely more.... they literally go from 0 to something more than 0. even if that increase was 1, it would be an infinite percentage increase.
There are no stupid questions. Just pointless questions asked in incredibly stupid ways.
[This message was deleted at the request of the original poster]
happyscrub1 posted...
I quickly look over your post and your main argument for lvling up molten shield is that you can use it to proc ur passive sooner and to lvl up tear of goddess.
You missed the part where he said he ignores his E after lv. 2.
I personally wouldn't get E until lv. 3 or later. You don't need to build up stun charges at level 2 because you should already have a stun queued up by last hitting with Q, letting you do more damage with a QW combo. And there's no reason you should have to base at Lv. 2. Junglers rarely gank that early anymore and you can disengage with your stun.
Generation 30: The first time you see this, copy it into your own signature (on any forum) and add one to the generation number. Social experiment.
Metleon posted...
And there's no reason you should have to base at Lv. 2. Junglers rarely gank that early anymore and you can disengage with your stun.
I absolutely agree with this statement. Basing at lv.2 was a bit of an exaggeration. I rarely go back until at least 4, if not 5, and even that's only because I usually have gold to use by then. I was only using it as an example.
There are no stupid questions. Just pointless questions asked in incredibly stupid ways.
Or, better yet, get E at 5 so you can stun at 6 with your full burst.
Malzahar is my waifu
Unless things have changed in the last year since i've played Annie, you get your E at level 4 so you can set up your stun for level 5 harass and level 6 kill. The only reason to get it before then is if you really need a surprise stun for a gank otherwise it's better to just get more damage. Also the only reason to buy an early tear on Annie is if you are going to rush a AA staff, which if you are doing that you are just bad since there are much better options to rush, aka don't buy tear on her.
at max CDR you can have motlen shield up at all times now.
i dont think peoplel ignore it til last o.o granted i havnt had the need to look up an annie guide in such a long time.
Its a great skill. and with annies high burst damage on her Q i like getting some spellvamp on her. just some spellvamp runes sometimes. they saved mah life a couple times :O... plus makes your motlen shields damage heal you a bit.
LoL summoner: Vejitables


text:
System Administrator
This is a hands-on technical System Admin/Engineer position, in a complex multi-platform production and corporate environment, with a wide variety of duties that include, but are not limited to:
Providing physical, operating system, and application support for systems ...
Mar 26 -
Rolling Meadows
Systems Administrator (Linux/Solaris/Windows/VMware)
Sigma Bullhorn ID: 6291
Location: Rolling Meadows Area, IL
Client Industry: Education/Publishing
Position: Systems Administrator (Linux/Solaris/Windows/VMware)
Classification: Contract (6 Months) With Extensions Likely Into 2016
PLEASE NOTE: Remote Work is NOT ...
Mar 25 -
Rolling Meadows
Linux Systems Administrator
We are looking for full-time or Contract to Hire (on 1099) systems administrator to join our team on a very exciting opportunity. The candidate should have:
a) Great communication skills
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Atlas Homewares Glass 1.5" Viceroy Square Knob
Special Offer:
24 Issues of Better Homes and Gardens
Included with your purchase - a $10 value (Subscription and Rebate Info)
Atlas Homewares Glass 1.5" Viceroy Square Knob
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Style: Square knob
|Product Type: Knob
|Style: Vintage
|Finish: Chrome
|Primary Material: Glass
|Fasteners Included: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: Taiwan, Province of China
About the ManufacturerAtlas Homewares specializes in knobs, house numbers, knockers and doorbells.The innovative designs come from a truely unique couple whose inspirations come from their jewlery line.
Atlas Homewares Glass 1.5" Viceroy Square Knob
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OUR SKU # THW1746Glass 1.5" Viceroy Square Knob is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: 3221-BL


text:
These ready-made tables and charts provide for snapshot of aid (Official Development Assistance) for all DAC Members as well as recipient countries and territories. Summary reports by regions (Africa, America, Asia, Europe, Oceania) and the world are also available.
This publication contains statistics on fisheries in OECD member countries (with the exception of Austria, Israel and Slovenia) and some non-member economies (Argentina, Colombia, Latvia, Chinese Taipei, Thailand) from 2006 to 2013. Data provided concern fishing fleet capacity, employment in fisheries, fish landings, aquaculture production, recreational fisheries, government financial transfers, and imports and exports of fish.
There are now 42 signatories to the OECD Declaration on Green Growth. Lithuania has joined Costa Rica, Colombia, Croatia, Latvia, Morocco, Tunisia, as well as OECD members in having adhered to the declaration. Latest reports are now available on Zambia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Korea.
English, PDF, 93kb
This country note from Going for Growth 2015 for Australia identifies and assesses progress made on key reforms to boost long-term growth, improve competitiveness and productivity and create jobs.
Institutional investors (investment funds, insurance companies and pension funds) are major collectors of savings and suppliers of funds to financial markets. Their role as financial intermediaries and their impact on investment strategies have grown significantly over recent years along with deregulation and globalisation of financial markets.
This publication provides a unique set of statistics that reflect the level and
Biographical note of Australia's Permanent Representative to the OECD.
The economy is adjusting to the post mining-boom era. Long-term prosperity requires macroeconomic policy settings and structural reforms to focus on ensuring a successful rebalancing of economic activity towards non-resource sectors.
English, PDF, 427kb
The tax burden in Australia increased by 1 percentage point from 26.3% to 27.3% in 20121. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.3% to 33.7%. The Australian standard GST rate of 10% is one of the lowest in the OECD. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.
Permanent migration under Australia's Migration and Humanitarian Programmes rose by 7.7% in 2012-13 with 214 000 visas issued.
Leaders of the G20 countries meeting at their Summit in Brisbane, Australia, have called on the OECD and IMF to monitor their commitment to boost economic growth and create jobs.


text:
Here we identify our goals for the day or week. We put a wager to actually go through with it. We do it. We post about it.
My Goal: This weekend I will organize my jokes into a standup bit.
I Wager: I will shave my head if I put it off again.
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text:
Detection circuitry in which the range and signal to noise ratios are improved includes a plurality of light emitting diodes connected in series and a plurality of photodiodes. Each photodiode has its own separate detection circuit which is AC decoupled by capacitors. Summing circuitry is connected to sum the outputs of the detection circuits and the resultant signal is fed to an output device. The magnitude of the output signal is increased by a factor equal to the product of the number of light emitting diodes and the number of photodiodes, over the situation where only one diode of each type is used.
1. Detection circuitry comprising
a transmitter array having n light emitting elements where n is a whole number equal to or in excess of unity;
a receiver array having m light receiving elements where m is a whole number equal to or in excess of unity, and where at least one of m and n is greater than unity;
a power source for energizing the transmitter and receiver arrays;
first gating means for gating the power from the power source to the transmitter array;
second gating means for gating outputs of the receiver array;
synchronization means operating at a predetermined frequency for operating said first and second gating means simultaneously; and
summing means for summing outputs of said second gating means to provide an output signal which is the product of n and m greater than the output signal generated if both n and m were unity.
2. Detection circuitry according to claim 1 including means for selectively varying at least m or n.
3. Detection circuitry according to claim 1 wherein each said emitting element comprises a light emitting diode and wherein each said detecting element comprises a photodiode.
4. Detection circuitry comprising
light transmitting means;
a plurality of discreet light receiving means, each said light receiving means comprising
a photodetector, and
resistance means connected in series with the photodetector to define a junction therewith;
gating means, for gating the outputs at the junctions between each photodetector and its corresponding resistance means;
synchronization means operating at a predetermined frequency connected to simultaneously actuate the light receiving means and all the gating means; and
summing means for summing the outputs of the gating means.
5. Detection circuitry according to claim 4 including
filter means connected between each gating means and the summing means for filtering out the DC component and the low frequency AC component in the output at each said junction before application to said summing means.
6. Detection circuitry according to claim 4 including amplifying means connected between each said junction and said summing means.
7. Detection means according to claim 4 wherein said light transmitting means comprises
a plurality of light emitting elements
circuit means connecting said light emitting elements in series and
a current source connected to said circuit means to energize said light emitting elements.
8. Detection circuitry according to claim 7 wherein said synchronization means comprises an oscillator connected to gate said current source and to said gating means.
9. Detection circuitry according to claim 7 including switching means for switching said light emitting elements selectively into and out of said circuit series.
10. Detection circuitry according to claim 4 wherein said light transmitting means comprises light emitting diodes and wherein said light receiving means includes photodiodes.
11. Detection circuitry according to claim 4 wherein the light transmitted and received lies in the infrared range.
12. Detection circuitry for controlling operation of an external device, the circuitry comprising:
transmitter means for emitting light at an area;
receiver means for receiving light from the same area and providing an output based on received light; and
means for synchronously energizing the transmitter means with generation of outputs by the receiver means,
wherein the transmitter means comprises at least a first number of light emitting elements, and the receiver means comprises a second number of light receiving elements, the first and second numbers totaling at least three, and wherein the detection circuitry further comprises means for summing outputs of the transmitter means to provide an output for controlling operation of the external device, and the output of the means for summing is greater, by a factor corresponding to a product of the first and second numbers, than an output which would be generated if both the first number and the second number were one.
The present invention relates to detection circuitry.
Detection circuitry is now used in a wide variety of applications. For example, lift or elevator doors are provided with detection circuitry to prevent the doors closing when the presence of an obstruction is sensed in the doorways.
In automatic hand driers, detection circuitry is used to sense the approach of hands to be dried and in response thereto activates the supply of hot air.
In automatic toilets, detection circuitry is used to monitor the departure of a user from the toilet seat and, after a determined delay, the circuitry activates a flushing mechanism. The same circuitry may be used to initiate a ventilator fan in response to the approach of a user to the toilet seat.
Such circuitry may incorporate infrared transmitters and detectors. The transmitters and detectors are advantageously semiconductor transmitters and detectors, but are preferably in the form of diodes for inexpensive of manufacture.
When such diodes are used as detectors, they are generally connected in series with a resistor across a pair of power supply rails. These diodes are positioned to receive light, either directly or by reflection from a light emitting diode.
The environment in which such diodes are required to operate quite often means that the detecting diodes are subject to sunlight, which is many times more powerful than the light output of the light emitting diode. Therefore, in order to prevent the diode from saturating, the value of the series connected resistor needs to be relatively low (for example 200 ohmns). As a result, the variation in output signal level from the detector diode is relatively low, and the signal-to-noise ratio is also low.
This means in practice that the detection circuitry is generally limited to applications where the range over which detection is required is relatively low.
British patent specification 1,524,564 describes a light curtain apparatus for detecting the presence of an object in a detection zone.
A row of light generators face a row of light receptors to provide a row of beams traversing the area to be monitored.
Each light generator is energized in succession, and each light receptor is enabled in synchronism with its corresponding light generator so that only one light generator and one light receptor are active at any one time.
Thus, at any one time only one light receptor and one light generator are active.
The specification does mention in passing that two or more light receptors can correspond to one light generator and that a single light receptor can correspond to two or more light generators, but there is no disclosure as to how these are connected in a circuit.
The present invention is advantageous over the prior art in that it provides an array of light receptors and generators which are connected in a circuit so that their effects are cumulative and so that the effect of environmental lighting is substantially eliminated.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved detection circuitry.
According to the present invention, there is provided detection circuitry comprising, including a transmitter array having at least one light emitting element, a receiver array having at least one light detecting element, a device controlling the light emitting and detecting elements so that they transmit and receive light in synchronism and to effect a combining operation so that the output signal from the detector array is increased by a factor substantially equal to the product of m and n, over the case where only one light emitting element and one light receiving element are used, wherein m is equal to the number of light emitting elements and n is equal to the number of light detecting elements and wherein both m and n are whole numbers and at least one is greater than unity.
According to the present invention, there is provided detection circuitry comprising light transmitting means, and a plurality of light receiving means, each said light receiving means comprising a photodetector connected in series with resistance means, synchronization means for synchronizing the actuation of the light receiving means with the output of the light transmitting means and summing means for summing the outputs at junctions between each photodetector and its corresponding resistance means.
Detection circuitry embodying the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing which is a circuit diagram of the circuitry.
The detection circuitry shown in the sole FIGURE is arranged to be incorporated into a hand drier, for example, to automatically energize a fan and a heater when the presence of a hand is sensed in the vicinity of the output of the drier. The fan and heater are represented in the drawing by an output device 10. The presence of a hand is sensed by an array of transmitters cooperating with an array of receivers.
The array of receivers are advantageously shielded from direct line of sight with the transmitters, but respond to light from the transmitters when reflected from the hand when present. Instead, the transmitter and receiver arrays may be positioned in direct line of sight with each other and arranged to respond when the light is interrupted by the presence of a hand.
As shown in more detail, the circuitry includes a power supply 2 feeding a current source 4. The current source 4 is gated by the output signals from an oscillator 6 which may, for example, be in square wave form having a mark space ratio of 1:10 and a frequency of 2 kHz. The frequency of 2 kHz is selected in order that the subsequent receiving circuits can filter out the dc content of sunlight and the AC content of artificial light (fluorescent lights operating at 50 or 60 Hz).
The current source 4 in turn feeds the series combination of four light emitting diodes 12, 14, 16 and 18. A switch 20 is connected in parallel with two series-connected diodes 16 and 18 so as to shunt these diodes out of circuit when not required. A switch 8 is connected in parallel with the three series-connected diodes 14, 16 and 18 so as to shunt these diodes out of circuit when not required. The four diodes 12 to 18 define a transmitter array.
A receiver array includes four photodiodes 22, 24, 26 and 28. Each photodiode 22 to 28 is connected in series with a respective one of four resistors 32, 34, 36 and 38, and the four series combinations are connected in parallel between a positive supply rail 50 and earth.
The signal appearing at the junction between the diode 22 and the resistor 32 is buffer switched by a buffer gating amplifier 42 fed through a capacitor 52 forming a dc filter and 50-60 Hz AC filter through a resistor 62 to a summing amplifier 70.
Similarly, the signals appearing at the junctions between diodes 24 to 28 and corresponding capacitors 34 to 38 are buffer switched by respective buffer gating amplifiers 44 to 48, filtered by respective capacitors 54 to 58 and fed to the common summing amplifier through respective resistors 64 to 68.
The output signal from the summing amplifier 70 is fed to control the output device 10.
A shield 30 is provided between the transmitter, and receiver arrays and a reflective surface 40 (such as a hand) is shown below the shield by means of which light from the transmitter array may be directed at the receiver array.
The output of each buffer gating amplifier 42 to 48 is connected to the oscillator so that the buffer gated amplifiers 42 to 48 are synchronously gated with the light transmitted by the transmitter diode array.
The resistors 32 to 38 may be variable resistors and are selected to provide a matched impedance to their respective diodes.
In particular, when the diodes 22 to 28 are likely to be subjected to sunlight (direct or indirect), the values of the resistors are selected so that the diodes do not saturate and so maintain their sensitivity to light from the transmitter array.
By using four light emitting diodes on the transmitter array, the sensitivity of each diode 22 to 28 is effectively increased by a factor of four. This means that the detection range can be extended without loss of sensitivity over the case when only one transmitting diode is used.
Furthermore, by using four photodiodes each in an independant circuit, and by AC decoupling and then combining the four outputs in a summing amplifier, the magnitude of the output signal is increased by a factor of four without significantly increasing the noise level, (noise being random tends to be averaged in the summing amplifier rather than cumulative as with the detected signal). Also, the effects of saturation are avoided since the amplified output signal is never allowed to approach the level of the voltage on the positive rail 50.
As a consequence, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved.
The detection circuitry described is a multipurpose circuit which can be readily adapted to cope with the different detection range requirements in different environments. To reduce the range of operations, the switches 20 and 8 may be progressively closed. Instead, or in addition, the outputs from the amplifiers may be selectively inhibited by connections or circuitry (not shown). Of course, the number of light emitting diodes and photodiodes can be increased or decreased at will.
It is a generalization that the output signal S from the summing amplifier is a function of the number n of photodiodes in circuit and the number m of light emitting diodes in circuit ie,
where at least either m or n is a whole number greater than one.
This is a significant advantage over the prior art where, in order to increase the value of S and to avoid saturation by sunlight, more expensive components (photo transistors for example) and more expensive amplifiers need to be used (in order to avoid a low signal-to-noise ratio). The additional cost of such components usually far exceeds the cost of the increased member of inexpensive components used in the present embodiment.
Furthermore, with the present embodiment the effective operating range of the detector can be increased virtually ad infinitum--something which is not possible with the prior art arrangement.
The embodiment of the present invention thus provides an unexpected result that by using arrays of inexpensive components and summing their effects, better results can be achieved than by using more expensive traditional arrangements where sensitivity is usually finite.
The light transmitted and received is preferably in the infrared range.
While a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention has been illustrated and described, modifications and variations thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art given the teachings herein, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be encompassed within the scope of the appended claims.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
Telgian was founded on values and attributes that guide daily operation and future planning. Values like integrity, honesty and respect along with attributes such as innovation, excellence, creativity, pride in one's work, and a passion for customer service drive our company. We are looking for individuals who are committed to personal growth, are passionate about teamwork and are not afraid of success.
Telgian offers stimulating opportunities, a collegial atmosphere, and the opportunity to grow with the company. All new Telgian Associates attend a two-day New Associate Orientation (NAO) hosted and led by our senior management team. NAO is an opportunity to learn Telgian culture, our history and business model, who's who in the organization and more.
Telgian associates enjoy:
- Competitive salary
- Comprehensive medical, dental, life and disability benefits
- 401(k) / Profit Sharing Plan
- Flexible spending account
- Supplemental insurance
- Bonus opportunities
EOE/Principals Only
We support and encourage NICET certification.
Current Opportunities at Telgian Corporation
- Accounting Manager
Division: Finance
Location: Tempe, AZ
- National Sales Executive
Division: Account Management
Location: Tempe, AZ
- Fire Suppression Designer I
Division: Engineered Solutions
Location: Atlanta, GA
- Contracting Specialist (swing-shift)
Division: Compliance Solutions
Location: Tempe, AZ
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Division: Installation
Location: Oxnard, California
- Customer Service Representative II
Division: Account Management
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Division: Engineered Solutions
Location: Texas
- Manager, Business Development & Proposal Coordination
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- Regional Field Supervisor
Division: Compliance Solutions
Location: Mid West (MI, IL, IN, WI)
- FS Designer II
Division: Engineered Solutions
Location: Atlanta, GA
- Field Fire Inspector
Division: Compliance Solutions
Location: Nationwide


text: The room was extremely small, I expected that. One bed was under a low ceiling, you could not see the TV or stand up. The room was right under the cleaner supplies room. No sleep because cleaner kept clumping up and down the stairs and banging about in the early hours! Walls and floors so thin! Floor smelled like bad... More


text:
Latest autoimmune diseases Stories
Legislation would lower out-of-pocket drug costs for Americans with chronic diseases PORTLAND, Ore., March 26, 2015 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Americans with chronic diseases like
BARCELONA, March 23, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- Only to a small extent have the underlying causes of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis been revealed so far.
RnRMarketResearch.com adds "Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Syndrome) - Pipeline Review, H1 2015" to its store.
DUBLIN, Mar.
DALLAS, March 18, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- RnRMarketResearch.com adds "Methotrexate (Rheumatoid Arthritis) - Forecast and Market Analysis to 2023" market research report provides
Pivotal Results Comparing Brodalumab With Stelara® (Ustekinumab) and Placebo to be Presented in Late-Breaking Session THOUSAND OAKS, Calif., March 17, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- Amgen (NASDAQ:AMGN)
Encourages others to sign up for Team Challenge summer races NEW YORK, March 17, 2015 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Sixteen years old, bald, and beautiful, Chayla may look like she has cancer,
- 22 abstracts further evaluate the safety, efficacy of HUMIRA in psoriatic arthritis and moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis and investigational use of HUMIRA for the treatment of moderate
The BCIR Advocate and author of the best selling BCIR book, "Colitis Be Gone," establishes a website that discusses the BCIR (Barnett Continent Intestinal Reservoir) procedure, as it
LONDON, March 16, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- There has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of diabetes worldwide, which has been exacerbated by the growing obesity problem across the globe.
- Forsooth! indeed! originally a parenthetical phrase used in repeating the words of another with more or less contempt or disdain.


text:
THE WOODLANDS, Texas -- CB&I has been awarded a contract, valued in excess of $70 million, by Petrofac Saudi Arabia Co. Ltd. The project scope includes the engineering, procurement and construction of crude oil storage tanks at a grassroots refinery being constructed in Saudi Arabia.
"CB&I has provided tank and plate structure engineering, procurement, fabrication and construction services for projects in Saudi Arabia since the 1930s," said Luke Scorsone, president of CB&I's Fabrication Services operating group.
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text:
Comfort Suites San Antonio at Rittiman
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
- Suites
- Continental Breakfast
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Swimming pool
- Business Services
- Wheelchair accessibility
Photos of Comfort Suites San Antonio at Rittiman
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Travel Blogs from San Antonio
... rooms", varied in size and formation and were all incredible.
The natural formations were both beautiful and mysterious and the pale, emerald-green pools reflected their erie forms. I'm sure you've heard the saying, "Any day above ground is a good day." Well, we had a very good day below ground.
Bye for now. Stay well.
Mexican n German Heritage
San Antonio part 2: Today I wandered off the key tourist spots, but still along San Antonio's Riverwalk.
On the way to a Mexican hot spot, I stopped at the Spanish Governor's Palace built in the Adobe style of architecture. Then, I found a charity second hand shop. In case, I run out of proper clothes, there I find everything I need for about 3.99 USD a piece. Lunch has happend at a Mexican restaurant (see separate entry on food).
After that I walked ...
Lone Star Food
... and tacos (in Germany better known as tortilla
chips). Preferably from Doritos.
Hence, you have two types of body shapes. The oversized one is predominant. The
minority type can either withstand tacos or counterbalances with running.
Specially at the Riverwalk of San Antonio you see quite some runners at any
time of the day.
So now you wonder what I had for lunch today? Of course tacos!! Tacos de
pescado ...
It's Cold in San Antonio!
... movies on The Alamo - the latest, produced by Ron Howard with Billy Bob Thornton playing Davie Crockett sounds interesting, the reviews say it attempts to cover the points of view of both sides!!
Seeing Some Sites Around San Antonio, TX
... Battle of the Alamo in 1836. It is now a museum in the Alamo Plaza District of Downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA. It was built by Spanish Franciscan priest Antonio de Olivares and Payaya Indians, and along with the Presidio San Antonio de Bexar and the Acequia Madre ...


text:
Vintage Bazaar Grove City Depot
a division of columbusonlineauctions.com
Shabby Chic – Up Cycled – Antique – Primitives – Furniture – Jewelry
Vintage Bazaar Grove City Depot writes online auctions for columbusonlineauctions.com. We specialize in vintage furniture, jewelry, primitives & just about any other cool thing you can think of. We have knowledgeable writers who help you earn cash while downsizing or just selling items you no longer want or need for CASH! We sell everything from barn doors to fine china. What can we sell for you?
Also, check out our current online auctions at columbusonlineauction.com
It's easy to register and bid!
3:05 pm 3:05 pm
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Out N About
Check out our recent story on tv as we are interviewed by Chris Pinkey with Out 'N About!
We posted it on our "About Us" page.


text:
Passing through Inverness 8th January 2015 was this Rarely seen in Europe De Havilland DASH 7
Photo Credit: Stephen Lane.
Passing through Inverness 8th January 2015 was this Rarely seen in Europe De Havilland DASH 7
Photo Credit: Stephen Lane.
N531EA Eclipse Jet Reykavjik to Wick then Kemble
N5052K Beech 350 Keflavik to Luxembourg
N50453 Beech 350 Reyakvjik to Brussels
N6824G TBM900 Tarbes to Prestwick
PCH509 PC12 Stans to Prestwick
N50453 B350 Bangor to Goose Bay then Reykavjik Delivery too?
N531EA Eclipse Jet Goose Bay to Iqaluit then Narsarsuaq
N826MM Beech 90 Reyakvjik to Wick then Lahr,Germany
N826MM Beech 90 king Air Goose Bay to Reykavjik
C-FIQT De Havilland Dash 8. Callsign VAL800 Routed Keflavik to Bournemouth then Seville 13th November 2014
Picture MS Photography.
VAL800 DHC8 C-FIQT Keflavik to Bournemouth then Seville
HKB176 Keflavik to Glasgow then Stansted
N9002 TBM Tarbes to Prestwick
N191EV Beech 1900 Lyon to Prestwick
N426CJ SF340 Goose to Keflavik
BBA01 DHC8D Downsview to Goose Bay
N50661 Beech 350 Reykavjik to Sindal,Denmark
HKB176 TEX2 All Goose Bay to Narsarsuaq then Keflavik
N8NA Beech 200 Goose Bay to Narsarsuaq then Reykajvik
VAL800 / C-FIQT Dash 8 Goose Bay to Narsarsuaq then Reykavjik
N50661 Beech 350 Goose Bay to Reykavjik
N942GA G280 Tel aviv to Prestwick – Cancelled
N121PH PC12 Baden air Park to Wick then Reykavjik
C-FGZD / C-FGZE Arriving at Prestwick on a very Wet Saturday. 8th November 2014
Photos by John Wilson. With many thanks.


text:
SAP AG Co-CEO Bill McDermott (Photo: SAP AG)
Bill McDermott, the 51-year-old co-CEO of SAP AG, shared an interesting stat with attendees at the Northern Virginia Technology Council's Oct. 30 Tech Celebration banquet.
Characterizing millennials -- workers in their 20s and early 30s -- as narcissistic and not career-oriented is unfair, he argued. What they are is "mobile, social and purpose driven," he said. "Eighty-four percent would rather work for a company with a purpose, that does something that matters," than get personal recognition like "a raise or a promotion."
Greater purpose, rare raises and nearly non-existent public praise? Young people, has government got a job for you!
Kidding aside, McDermott's remarks echoed something federal CIO Steven VanRoekel said Oct. 29 at ACT-IAC's recent Executive Leadership Conference. "Impact at scale," VanRoekel said, is the number one reason to give young people asking why they should work in government.
When at Microsoft, VanRoekel said, he thought he "was at the pinnacle" of working on "big projects ... with worldwide impact. But coming to government, by orders of magnitude, outpaces that in terms of what you can do."
McDermott offered another statistic to illustrate that point -- and to show just how much impact younger workers can have. The average age of engineers working on NASA's Apollo program in the 1960s, he said, was 26. The team lead? Thirty-one.
So actively recruit millennials, McDermott urged. Give them real responsibility early, and give them freedom to experiment and fail.
"If [a project] fails, kill it," he said. "But you have to create a culture where failure is acceptable."
Posted by Troy K. Schneider on Nov 01, 2013 at 9:33 AM
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An Open Alternative To Kickstarter 124
from the great-cycle-of-nature dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
I'm going to start a fundraising campaign to assassinate every world leader.
In other news: Crowdtilt was just shut down.
Hmm. I think you will need a prototype to start getting donations. Maybe you could invest your own money in killing one world leader and release a video of it.
Kickstopper is what we really need. Thwart some bad ideas.
Sorry, that's just a bad idea.
http://www.penny-arcade.com/comic/2011/5/23/ [penny-arcade.com]
Then start one in your country. Simple.
And fund it using crowdtilt!
I never cheated an honest man, only rascals. They wanted something for nothing. I gave them nothing for something. -- Joseph "Yellow Kid" Weil


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The exhilarating epic blazes to life featuring illustrations by a lead artist on the LORD OF THE RINGS film trilogy.
"Look into the flames and let your minds empty. . . . For this is a tale of blood and heat and ashes."
It is a tale that has been retold countless times through the centuries and here, in an enthralling edition illustrated by a noted Tolkien artist, the mighty Beowulf is well set to capture new legions of followers. This contemporary retelling of the ancient epic narrated with a touch of banter by the faithful Wiglaf and featuring vividly dramatic illustrations follows the mythic hero from his disarming of the gruesome Grendel to his sword battle with the monsters sea hag mother to his final, fiery showdown with an avenging dragon.
John Howe is best known for his work as a lead artist on Peters Jacksons LORD OF THE RINGS movie trilogy based on the writings of J. R. R. Tolkien. The illustrator of many books in the fantasy genre, he lives in Switzerland.
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An artist is never truly gone if there's eyes on the work they left behind. This site showcases my late husband�s work�Elaine Photographic Ideas and Emotions by Govan �Welcome to my world of digital photography ... a place I arrived at against my will.� � �To me photography is a world of light, form, and textures. These elements when combined together, become an extension of our eye and mind, enabling us to express ideas and emotion. Using a digital photographic format has enabled me to seamlessly combine the two worlds of fantasy and reality with a new versatility of transforming my conventional and/or digital photographs to unleash my ideas and emotions. All photographs on this site were taken with a digital camera...
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Get Behind Me Satan: Our Pathological Need to Vilify Everyone
Maybe we feel a Darwinian pull to watch others fail. Maybe we're all just jerks. Either way, our culture loves building celebrities up to tear them back down.
14 Break-Up Albums Inspired by Ruined Relationships
There's only one feeling more universal than the sensation of being in love: the soul-crushing agony and hopeless despair of being brokenhearted.
Mandatory Music: Florence and the Machine, Jack White, Dan Deacon + More
Before we go any further, let's respect artistry and note that Beyonce didn't release a new song this week and was ineligible for inclusion in Mandatory Music.
The 18 Best Animated Bands Ever
It's a wonder more animated characters don't pick up instruments and learn to play considering how easy it is for them to instantaneously become amazing at it.
The 15 Dumbest "Clever" Album Titles Ever
You're not supposed to judge things based on their cover, but what do you do when their titles are obnoxiously self-satisfying?
The 100 Most Anticipated Albums of 2015
From American Aquarium to the XX, we rank the 100 albums we can't wait to hear in 2015.
15 Albums You Won't Believe Turn 20 In 2015
Nothing is capable of making you suddenly aware of your mortality more than the moment you realize the music of your youth is now classic rock.
Legendary Singer Joe Cocker Dead at 70
Iconic British soul singer/songwriter Joe Cocker died today after a battle with lung cancer and an undisclosed illness. He was 70.
The Top 10 Music Videos of 2014
Although MTV abandoned music videos right around the dawn of reality television, that doesn't mean musicians stopped making them.
14 Songs For Your Awkward Family Dinner
Turkeys aren't the only ones who dread Thanksgiving.
Worst to First: Every Soundgarden Album Ranked
They might not be the first band you think of when you hear the word "grunge," and that's probably not all that bad – Soundgarden transcended Seattle in just about every possible way.
21 Best Alt Rock Albums of the 21st Century
These are the 21 greatest albums of the 21st century. And we're only a fraction into it, so the door will remain open for more neo-classics as they're released.


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World Cup organisers announce major re-structuring
ESPN Staff
December 4, 2012
ER2015 chief executive Debbie Jevans has recruited one of her former LOCOG colleagues in the form of Neil Snowball © PA Photos
England Rugby 2015 (ER2015) has announced a re-structuring of their senior management including the appointment of former London 2012 head of sport Neil Snowball as the World Cup organiser's new rugby operations director.
ER2015 chief executive Debbie Jevans, who helped orchestrated the London 2012 in her previous role as director of sport for the Olympics organising committee, has re-shaped the organisation responsible for delivering the 2015 Rugby World Cup by dividing it into two departments - rugby operations and business operations.
The biggest casualty of the restructuring is Ross Young, the chief operating officer who has helped deliver the last three Rugby World Cups with role now redundant. Youngs has left with immediate effect along with marketing and communications general manager, Jon Duckworth. A Communications & Marketing Director is expected to be appointed in January.
Jevans said: "The Rugby World Cup draw on December 3 marked a step-change for ER2015, from a planning to an operational phase. ER2015 needs a structure that reflects that change and ensures more direct focus on the delivery of the tournament, clearer reporting lines and accountability, and better defined business operations that reflect our changing priorities.
"Neil Snowball did a fantastic job as head of sport operations for LOCOG and he was responsible for the sporting operational framework which delivered the Games. He managed a multi-million pound budget and oversaw the delivery around venues, training bases, team liaison and all of the logistics that support such a huge undertaking."
Snowball's arrival continues the overhaul of ER2015 leadership, which began when Andrew Coslett replaced Martyn Thomas as chairman, initially on an interim basis, last year. Since then, Jevans has been brought in from LOCOG to replace Paul Vaughan as chief executive.
Rugby Operations will oversee the staging of the 48 match tournament and has five areas of responsibility: Rugby Services; Venue Operations; Tournament Services; City Operations; and Tournament Technology.
The Business Operations Department will encompass five strands: Ticketing & Commercial; Communications & Marketing; Finance; HR & Volunteering; and Legal. Each of the heads of the five business units will report directly into the Chief Executive.
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
|Live Scores
Jones key to Wales World Cup plans
Huw Richards assesses where Wales are after a mixed Six Nations, with front row seats still very much available for the World Cup
Attacking revolution will be fleeting
John Mitchell lapped up the action on 'Sensational Saturday' - but warns not to expect a repeat come Rugby World Cup time later this year
Ireland, England are dangers if ...
Craig Dowd warns England, Ireland and Wales they should play to their strengths rather than those of the All Blacks and the Wallabies
Six Nations prospects for the World Cup
Tom Hamilton runs the rule over just where the six countries stand ahead of the global gathering in September


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... a shame in the end because today's fine and windy weather offered the best views of the top of the Falls at very close quarters. The mobile's camera was employed to its limited effect. The nearby souvenir shop (tack and junk) did sell Tilley hats and having had my first one for over 20 years it seemed a good idea to go for a newer model, ventilated and cheaper than at home. Not like me to splash out, twice in ONE ...


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Zachary Rodgers | September 6, 2011 | Comments
Next CEO must shore up sales organization and improve ad technology
Yahoo faces yet another leadership vacuum after firing Carol Bartz, the sharp-tongued CEO once lauded for her no-nonsense attitude and willingness to sacrifice sacred cows.
By the time the company's board gave her the boot today, Bartz had come under widespread criticism for failures including a lack of new product hits, a failure to keep pace with evolving ad platforms, and a gutted sales organization that not long ago was considered the best in the business.
Chief Financial Officer Tim Morse will fill her shoes on an interim basis while Yahoo conducts a CEO search. The company's board also appointed an executive leadership council to support Morse, consisting of unnamed "key senior Yahoo executives."
During her two-year tenure, Bartz took aggressive steps to cut costs through layoffs and product shutdowns, a move widely seen as necessary to get the company into fighting shape in the startup-driven Internet economy. However in the process of slimming down its bloated operations, she may have shot the company in the foot. During its last earnings call, she suggested to investors that Yahoo had cut too deeply in its sales organization - losing key relationships with ad agency partners.
"It's not about new competitive developments, it's not about the economy…. The root cause was changes to our sales and leadership force," she said at the time. Its revenues of $1.08 billion for the three months ending June 30 was down from $1.13 billion in Q2 2010.
Bartz's single biggest accomplishment was its colossal search deal with Microsoft. After a months-long negotiation, the two companies agreed to merge their search operations - with Bing replacing Yahoo search on Yahoo.com and other Yahoo-owned web properties. The deal combined the No. 2 and No. 3 engines to create a single contender with approximately 30 percent of the search market, to Google's approximately 65 percent.
Roy Bostock, chairman, said in a statement released this evening, "The Board sees enormous growth opportunities on which Yahoo can capitalize, and our primary objective is to leverage the company's leadership and current business assets and platforms to execute against these opportunities. We have talented teams and tremendous resources behind them and intend to return the Company to a path of robust growth and industry-leading innovation. We are committed to exploring and evaluating possibilities and opportunities that will put Yahoo! on a trajectory for growth and innovation and deliver value to shareholders."
In recent months Yahoo's ability to innovate its ad platforms had come into question. Its Right Media ad exchange is still a leader in ad volume, but has fallen behind Google's Ad Exchange in the area of real-time bidding. Last month, one of the company's key ad technology leaders, Dev Patel, resigned. Patel had led Yahoo's Smart Ads dynamic display ad product and its search retargeting offering.
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Attend ClickZ Live New York March 30 - April 1. With over 15 years' experience delivering industry-leading events, ClickZ Live brings together over 60 expert speakers to offer an action-packed, educationally-focused agenda covering all aspects of digital marketing. Register today!
Until March 2012, Zach Rodgers was managing editor of ClickZ's award-winning coverage of news and trends in digital marketing. He reported on the rise of web companies, data markets, ad technologies, and government Internet policy, among other subjects.
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