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A sanitary diaphragm valve is provided that includes a generally dome shaped diaphragm having a central boss that can be connected to or driven by a valve actuator. The diaphragm includes an outer peripheral edge and a relatively thin web portion that connects the boss to the outer edge. In one embodiment, the web portion is arcuate or dome shaped. The thinner web portion permits the diaphragm to have an extended cycle life and to permit the valve to operate at higher fluid pressures. The thin web may be defined by two different contoured surfaces, one convex and the other concave, such as formed by two radiuses. A valve body is provided that includes a bowl shaped valve cavity. This valve cavity includes an outer vertical edge to permit more thorough cleaning and to eliminate entrapment areas. The valve assembly provides support surfaces for the diaphragm that reduces stress on the diaphragm particularly at higher operating pressures.
1. A diaphragm valve comprising:
a valve body having a cavity therein defining a fluid chamber;
a port that opens to said chamber;
a diaphragm that seals said chamber, said diaphragm comprising a central boss along a longitudinal axis, said boss having a seat end and an actuator end; an outer edge region and a web portion that connects said boss and said edge region;
an actuator connected to said actuator end of said boss; said actuator being operable to move said boss axially from an open position to a closed position at which said seat end seals said port from said fluid chamber;
said web portion being dome shaped with a convex surface that faces said actuator end of said boss, and a concave surface that faces said seat end of said boss;
said cavity comprising a bowl shaped recess defined by a curvilinear surface that joins a circumferential edge that is substantially parallel to said longitudinal axis, and said diaphragm outer edge region being defined by a portion that is generally parallel to said longitudinal axis.
2. The valve of claim 1 comprising a contoured support surface that partially engages said convex web surface in its open position.
3. The valve of claim 2 wherein said actuator has a surface that partially engages said convex web portion in its open position.
4. The valve of claim 2 wherein said contoured surfaces engage substantially all of said web surface when said diaphragm is in its open position and subjected to fluid pressure.
5. The valve of claim 4 wherein said support contoured surface includes a convex portion and a concave portion.
6. The valve of claim 5 wherein said concave portion is radially inward of said convex portion with respect to said actuator.
7. The valve of claim 3 wherein said boss is joined to said actuator at a connection, and wherein said actuator surface extends radially outward from said connection.
8. The valve of claim 3 wherein said actuator surface is contoured.
9. The valve of claim 1 wherein said outer edge region is clamped between said valve body and an actuator housing.
10. The valve of claim 9 wherein said outer edge region is joined to said web portion by a contoured surface that terminates in a surface that is generally parallel to said boss longitudinal axis.
11. The valve body of claim 10 wherein said cavity comprises a bowl shaped recess in said valve body facing said diaphragm; said cavity having a curvilinear surface that is joined by a radius surface to a circumferential edge surface that is substantially parallel to said boss longitudinal axis.
12. The valve of claim 11 wherein said outer edge parallel surface and said bowl circumferential edge surface are substantially adjacent and flush with each other when said diaphragm is clamped between said valve body and actuator housing.
13. The valve of claim 1 wherein said central boss has a hub that lies along said longitudinal axis; said seat end of said central boss being characterized by an annular surface that extends radially from said hub and is axially spaced from said web portion.
14. The valve of claim 13 wherein said seat end is further characterized by a conical tip that extends axially from said annular surface.
15. The valve of claim 13 wherein said annular surface is substantially flat and extends at an angle α from flat.
16. The valve of claim 15 wherein said cavity comprises a bowl shaped recess in said valve body facing said diaphragm; said cavity being formed by a curved surface; said annular surface initially engaging and sealing against an edge that defines said port as said diaphragm is moved to its closed position.
17. The valve of claim 1 wherein said web portion has a non-uniform thickness and is thinnest in a central portion thereof.
18. The valve of claim 1 wherein said web portion has a thickness that tapers from said boss and said outer rim towards an intermediate portion thereof.
19. The valve of claim 1 wherein said central boss seat end comprises an annular seat and a conical tip that extends axially from said annular seat.
20. The valve of claim 1 wherein said diaphragm is made of PTFE.
21. The valve of claim 1 wherein said diaphragm is made of non-metallic material.
22. The valve of claim 1 comprising at least one support disk overlaying said convex surface of said diaphragm.
23. The valve of claim 22 wherein said support disk is at least partly disposed between said diaphragm convex surface and an internal surface of an actuator housing that encloses said actuator and is mounted on said valve body.
24. The valve of claim 22 wherein said disk has an inner diameter slightly larger than said central boss and an outer diameter that is less than an inner diameter of said diaphragm outer edge region.
25. The valve of claim 11 wherein said edge surface adjoins a clamping surface that is declined from flat to form a seal edge that engages said outer edge region when the diaphragm and valve are fully assembled.
26. A diaphragm valve comprising:
a valve body having a longitudinal axis and a cavity therein defining a fluid chamber;
a port that opens to said chamber;
a diaphragm that seals said chamber, said diaphragm comprising an outer edge region;
wherein said cavity comprises a bowl shaped recess in said valve body facing said diaphragm; said cavity having a curvilinear surface that is joined by a smooth transition surface to a circumferential edge surface that is substantially parallel said longitudinal axis and said diaphragm outer edge region having a portion that is substantially parallel to said longitudinal axis adjacent said circumferential edge surface of said cavity.
27. The valve of claim 26 wherein said transition surface comprises a radius.
28. The valve of claim 26 wherein said edge surface is substantially parallel to a flow axis of the valve.
This application claims the benefit of United States provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/103,722 filed on Oct. 9, 1998 for SANITARY DIAPHRAGM VALVE (docket no 22188/05604), the entire disclosure of which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to diaphragm valves. More particularly, the invention is directed to a sanitary diaphragm valve that includes a dome shaped diaphragm and a bowl shaped valve cavity with various other features that provide a diaphragm valve that is easier to clean, has an extended cycle life and that can operate at higher pressures.
Various fields such as, for example, biotechnology, semiconductor, pharmaceutical, food processing, and medical, require fluid handling systems that are clean and sterile while at the same time having increased cycle life and operating pressure. A very important consideration is ease with which the fluid handling components can be cleaned. The ease with which a system can be cleaned depends on, among other things, minimal dead volumes and entrapment areas. The fluid handling system must also use components that are inert to the fluid. Such systems often use valves as flow control devices, and diaphragm valves in particular are often used.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,134 (the "'134 patent" hereinafter), the entire disclosure of which is fully incorporated herein by reference, describes a diaphragm valve design that is particularly well suited for these various sanitary applications. The present invention is directed to various improvements and additional features in the design of the '134 patent valve to enhance its cleanability and operating performance including, among other things, its operating pressure characteristic and cycle life.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing objectives, and in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a sanitary diaphragm valve is provided that includes a dome shaped diaphragm having a central boss that can be connected to or driven by a valve actuator, an outer peripheral region, and a relatively thin web portion that connects the boss to the outer peripheral region. In one embodiment, the web portion is arcuate or dome shaped. The thinner web portion permits the diaphragm to have an extended cycle life and to enable the valve to operate at higher fluid pressures. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the thin web may be defined by multiple curved surfaces. In one embodiment, the multiple curved surfaces are realized in the form of two surfaces with different radiuses of curvature.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, a valve body is provided that includes a bowl shaped valve cavity. This valve cavity includes an outer contour to permit more thorough cleaning and to eliminate entrapment areas. In a preferred embodiment, the valve cavity outer contour is realized in the form of a substantially vertical edge joined to the cavity by a smooth transition such as a radius, for example.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the actuator housing provides support surfaces for the diaphragm that reduces stress on the diaphragm particularly at higher operating pressures.
These and other aspects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of the preferred embodiments in view of the accompanying drawings.
The invention may take physical form in certain parts and arrangements of parts, preferred embodiments and a method of which will be described in detail in this specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and wherein:
FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a diaphragm valve in elevation and vertical cross-section that includes a number of the features of the present invention (the valve being in an open position in FIG. 1A and a closed position in FIG. 1B);
FIGS. 2A and 2B are a top view and a detailed illustration in cross-section along the line 2B--2B in FIG. 2A respectively of a diaphragm in accordance with the invention and as used in the valve of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view in cross-section of the dotted region of FIG. 1A before the diaphragm is fully clamped into the valve body;
FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 3 with the diaphragm fully clamped in the valve body with the diaphragm in a closed position and under pressure;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of an alternative embodiment of a diaphragm clamping surface;
FIG. 6 illustrates another aspect of the invention to provide support to the diaphragm web;
FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate operation of the flexible diaphragm under different operating conditions based on finite element analysis;
FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the diaphragm in accordance with another aspect of the invention;
FIGS. 9A-9D illustrates a further embodiment of the diaphragm; and
FIGS. 10A-10E illustrate various sized diaphragms in accordance with the present invention.
With reference to FIG. 1A, an embodiment of a diaphragm valve and actuator assembly 10 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in cross-sectional elevation. The assembly 10 includes a valve A and a valve actuator B. The actuator B includes a valve actuator stem C that axially moves within an actuator housing D to operate a diaphragm E in a valve body F. The valve body F and actuator housing D are mounted together and form the assembled valve A. The diaphragm B closes a port G by being pressed into engagement with a valve seat area H (see FIG. 1B). The general construction and operation of the valve assembly 10 is described in the above-referenced patent '134 and will not be repeated herein. However, the actuator housing D, the diaphragm E and the valve body F have a number of modifications as compared to the corresponding structures in the '134 patent and will be described in detail herein. However, it should be noted that a diaphragm in accordance with the present invention can be and is intended to be for many applications used in place of and as a replacement for the diaphragm of the '134 patent without other modifications to the '134 patent valve.
The actuator B in this embodiment is an air operated actuator, however, a valve in accordance with the present invention can be actuated in any manner convenient to the designer, including electromechanical actuation, hydraulic, pneumatic, manual and so forth. Therefore, the operational details of the actuator B are not essential to the present invention, except that in accordance with one aspect of the invention, the actuator stem C includes a diaphragm support structure as will be described herein below in greater detail. For purposes of the present description, it is sufficient to understand that the actuator stem C moves axially (vertically in the view of FIG. 1) so as to move the diaphragm E into and out of engagement with the valve seat H. The actuator stem C includes a tip J that supports the diaphragm as described below.
The basic valve assembly 10 further includes the valve body F having a valve chamber or cavity K formed therein as described in the '134 patent. The diaphragm E is used to seal this cavity K. An inlet fluid passage L opens to the valve cavity K at the inlet port G. An outlet fluid passage M opens to the valve cavity K at an outlet port N. Suitable fittings P can be used to provide fluid tight connections of the valve to upstream and downstream fluid conduits or other flow control devices (not shown).
With reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, an embodiment of the diaphragm E in accordance with the invention is illustrated in detail. As compared generally to the diaphragm of the '134 patent, the diaphragm E of the present invention is somewhat disk shaped and includes a central actuator boss 12 and an outer peripheral region or edge 14 that is joined to the boss 12 by a web portion 16. In contrast, however, the diaphragm E has a generally dome shaped or half-toroid web portion 16 so that the diaphragm E is substantially non-planar. The diaphragm E is preferably symmetrical about a central axis R, which axis coincides with the longitudinal axis of the actuator stem C (FIG. 1A).
With reference to FIG. 2B, the diaphragm central boss 12 is externally threaded as at 18. This permits the diaphragm E to be threadably joined to the actuator tip J. The tip J has corresponding internal threads 20 (see FIG. 1A). Other techniques for joining the diaphragm to the actuator tip J may alternatively be used.
The central boss 12 extends from a central diaphragm body portion 22. A conical tip 24 is formed at an end of the central diaphragm body 22 that is opposite the boss 12. The conical tip 24 is circumscribed by an annular seal surface 26. The conical tip 24 improves the flow rate of fluid through the valve. Other geometric profiles of the tip 24 may be used. For example, a frusto-conical tip may be used, as may a cone shape with a rounded or radius tip. The particular profile selected will depend on the valve design and flow characteristics desired.
The peripheral edge 14 is provided in this exemplary embodiment by a circumferential rim 28. The rim 28 is joined to the central body 22 by the continuous dome shaped web 16. As illustrated in FIG. 2B, the web 16 is a relatively thin member having a convex outer surface 30 that faces away from the valve cavity K when the diaphragm is installed in a valve body as in FIG. 1A. The web 16 also has a concave inner surface 32 that faces the valve cavity K when the diaphragm is installed in a valve body as in FIG. 1A. By "relatively thin" is meant that the web 16 is substantially thinner than the rim 28 and the central body 22 of the diaphragm E. This thin web 16 thus significantly increases the flexibility of the diaphragm E.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the web 16 has a non-uniform thickness 34 along its radial extent between the central body 22 and the rim 28. Alternatively, the web may have a substantially uniform thickness between the central body 22 and the rim 28. The web 16 is preferably but not necessarily thinnest in its central region 36 and gradually thickens to the areas where the web 16 joins the central portion 22 and the rim 28. By this structure, the web 16 is very flexible but avoids stress concentrations that could tend to weaken over many operating cycles.
The varying thickness of the web 16 is achieved in the embodiment of FIG. 2B by forming the outer surface 30 along a radius 42 that is centered at a first origin 44, for example, and forming the inner surface 32 along a second radius 38 that is centered at a second origin 40, for example. In the embodiment of FIG. 2B, the origins 40 and 44 are located at different spatial positions, and the first radius 38 is shorter than the second radius 42. However, these are merely examples, and for a particular diaphragm the origins 40, 44 could be the same point. In such an alternative design, having the same origin point would produce outer and inner surfaces 30, 32 that are concentric in the central portion of the web 16. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the dome shape of the web 16 can be realized in other ways besides forming the surfaces 30, 32 along radius contours. The dome shape can be realized in any manner using arcuate-like or other contours or geometric configurations that produce a convex outer surface and a concave inner surface.
The upper surface 30 of the web 16 is joined to the rim 28 by a radius 46 or other smoothly blended transition. The inner concave surface 32 is joined to the central body 22 by a radius transition 48 or other smoothly blended transition. The inner surface 32 is also joined to the rim 28 by a radius 50 or other smooth transition or blend. In this embodiment it will be noted that the radius 48 forms or transitions from a surface 48a that extends radially outward from the central body towards the rim 28.
An advantage of the dome shaped diaphragm design is that the web 16 is not subjected to high tensile stress in the radial direction when the diaphragm is flexed to the closed position as illustrated in FIG. 1B. The increased flexibility of the diaphragm E also reduces the actuator force required to close the valve. This has the additional benefit of increasing the shut-off pressure rating of the valve.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the rim 28 is designed to have a width "w" to height "h" ratio of about two to one. This exemplary ratio helps assure that the rim 28 is not too thick because some materials will tend to cold flow, particularly polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). However, in applications where cold flow is not a significant concern or for different size diaphragms or where other materials are used for the diaphragm, the rim 28 can be formed with different ratios.
The diaphragm E may be made of any suitable material that is compatible with the fluid passing through the valve. Examples include PTFE and TFM, the latter being a modified version of PTFE. However, the diaphragm E can be made from any flexible material including but not limited to elastomers such as EPDM, Buna™, Viton™ and so forth and polymers such as, for example, HOSTAFLON® TF™, HOSTAFLON® TFM™, Teflon NXT™, to name a few examples.
With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, additional features of the invention are illustrated. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the dotted area in FIG. 1A to show various aspects of a diaphragm support structure. FIG. 3 shows the diaphragm E before it is fully clamped in the valve assembly, and FIG. 4 shows the same area after the diaphragm is fully installed and under pressure.
As noted herein before, a significant advantage of the diaphragm E is the use of the thin web 16. The thin web 16 substantially increases the flexibility of the diaphragm E. This increased flexibility allows the actuator C (FIG. 1B) to move the diaphragm to a closed position against higher fluid pressures with similar closing force. However, the thinner flexible web 16 will also tend to bow out or balloon under a number of different circumstances including when the valve is open with a higher inlet fluid pressure, or when the valve is being closed against higher fluid pressures, or when the valve is closed and there is substantial back pressure from the outlet fluid passage M (FIG. 1B). Therefore, in accordance with another aspect of the invention, a support structure is provided for the diaphragm E to permit a thin web 16 to be used. Different techniques can be used to support the diaphragm in accordance with the invention, a few examples of which will now be described.
In FIG. 3, the actuator housing D is formed with a diaphragm support surface 52. In this embodiment, the support surface 52 includes a radially outward convex portion 54 that transitions as at A1 to a radially inward concave portion 56.
The actuator housing D also includes a peripheral flat clamping portion 58 that cooperates with an opposed peripheral flat or near flat clamping portion 60 of the valve body F. The rim 28 is sandwiched and compressed between the actuator housing flat 58 and the valve body flat 60 to thus clamp the diaphragm E in the valve assembly. As shown in FIG. 4, when the actuator housing D and the valve body F are tightened together, the rim 28 is compressed and radially expands due to the resilient nature of the diaphragm E material. An axial extension 62 of the valve body provides a radially adjacent wall 64 that engages the compressed rim 28, thus preventing cold flow of the rim 28 in a radially outward direction.
In some valve designs, the actuator housing D will not always be adjacent the diaphragm upper surface 30, but rather some other structural member of the valve or actuator (such as a bonnet for example) will serve the purpose of clamping the diaphragm into the assembly 10. In such cases, this structural member can be modified to include an extension or other portion that overlays and supports the diaphragm E outer surface.
The convex diaphragm support portion 54 initially engages and supports the diaphragm outer surface 30, particularly when the valve is open (as viewed in FIG. 3). If there is significant inlet fluid pressure from the inlet port G, the diaphragm will tend to bow upward. However, the upper surface 30 of the diaphragm will then be in contact with or engage the concave portion 56 to prevent excessive bowing. The radially inward portion 56 is concave to more closely conform to the shape of the domed diaphragm, particularly when the diaphragm is bowed due to high pressure. The concave contour 56 can thus support a significant portion of the radially inward outer surface area of the diaphragm E. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the concave portion could also be planar or convex as required for a particular application, as could the convex portion 54. Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3 the support surface extends from the rim 28 area to about the actuator stem J. However, some valve housing designs may not allow for this much support surface structure. The design effort should be directed to maximizing the area of support for the outer diaphragm surface 30, particularly in its thinnest region 36 and near the central boss 12.
Thus, the contour of the support surface 52 illustrated in the drawings is intended to be exemplary in nature. This contour should be designed to support as much of the outer surface 30 area of the diaphragm as possible, especially when the diaphragm is under high internal pressure force.
The actuator tip J can also be used to provide a diaphragm support surface. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the tip J includes an angled lower surface or radius or other suitable contour 66 that extends radially outward to engage and support a radially inner portion of the diaphragm E near the boss 12.
As indicated on FIG. 3, the annular seal surface 26 is formed at an angle α from flat. The valve chamber K is defined in part by the curvilinear bowl-shaped contour 68 of the valve body F. An annular valve seat area H adjacent the inlet port G is formed flat or at an angle that is preferably less than the angle α of the seal surface 26. The seal surface 26 is appropriately dimensioned in the radial direction so that an annular seal seat edge 70 contacts the seal surface 26 approximately in a central area 72 thereof. The angle α assures that the surface 26 initially contacts the valve seat 70 with a line seal. This assures a high contact pressure between the seal surface 26 and the seat 70 even with the higher flexibility of the diaphragm E. The angle a can be, for example, about eleven degrees.
As noted herein before, the valve body F is formed with the bowl shaped contour 68 to define part of the valve chamber K. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the diaphragm rim 28 is dimensioned with a width "w" such that in a clamped state (FIG. 4) an inner radial edge 74 of the rim is spaced radially inward or aligned flush with an edge 76 of the valve contour 68. When the rim 28 is compressed between the housing flat 58 and the body flat 60, as shown in FIG. 4, the rim 28 is squeezed such that its inner edge 74 either aligns flush with the contour edge 76, or slightly overlaps the contour edge 76. This significantly improves the cleanability of the valve. The rim 28 should be dimensioned so that when it is compressed it will not be positioned radially outward of the cavity edge 76 because such a condition would present an entrapment area.
In addition to forming a flush or slightly overlapped alignment between the edge 76 and the inner edge 74 of the diaphragm rim 28, the rim 28 is joined to the diaphragm web portion 36 by a radius or other smooth transition 50 that terminates at a surface 74 that is preferably, but not necessarily, substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis R of the diaphragm. Similarly, the valve cavity edge 76 is preferably formed by a radius or other smooth transition 80 that terminates at one end at a surface 78 that is preferably, but not necessarily, substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis R of the diaphragm and/or the flow axis through the outlet port N. The transition 80 at an opposite end transitions into the bowl shaped contour curvilinear surface 68 that defines part of the valve chamber. This arrangement significantly improves the cleanability of the valve.
With reference to FIG. 5, an alternative design for the rim 28 clamping area is illustrated. FIG. 5 shows an enlarged detail of the encircled area in FIG. 3, in particular the valve body clamping surface 60. In this embodiment, the clamping surface 60' is declined at an angle β from flat. In the exemplary embodiment the angle β is about 3°, however, other values for β can be used as required for a particular application. This assures that when the diaphragm rim 28 is clamped between the surface 60' and the opposite clamping surface 58, a sharp edge 76' will contact the rim 28. This sharp edge contact has been found to improve, in many cases, the cleanability of the valve.
FIG. 6 illustrates another aspect of the invention. As noted herein above, some valve designs may prevent the designer from being able to incorporate a support surface 52 (FIG. 3) for the diaphragm web 16. Or possibly the valve body and actuator body structures prevent the design of a support structure 52 that sufficiently covers a large portion of the web 16, particularly the radial inner portion of the web 16. In such cases, and even for valves in which the support structure 52 can be used, backup rings or disks 82 can be laid on top of the diaphragm web 16 to support the web. The rings may be a single ring or a set of stacked rings that are formed of a suitable stiff material such as metal. These rings 82 can simply be laid on top of the diaphragm E. As shown in FIG. 6, the rings 82 may be contoured to conform to the unstressed contour of the domed web 16, more specifically the curvature of the outer convex surface 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the rings 82 extend to the boss 12 and thus will be securely held by the actuator tip J. Other available options include but are not limited to having the rings 82 loosely overlay the outer convex surface 30 without extending all the way to the boss 12, or the rings could be sandwiched and held at their perimeter by the actuator housing D or otherwise secured to the outer surface of the diaphragm.
FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate operation of the flexible diaphragm E. These figures are based on finite element analysis of the diaphragm during simulated operating conditions. Therefore, the only structures shown are portions of the diaphragm E, the actuator tip J, and the actuator body D. In FIG. 7A the diaphragm E is in a fully open position with an inlet fluid pressure of about 65 psi. Note that the diaphragm web 16 is substantially supported by the support structure 52 of the actuator body and the contoured surface 66 of the actuator tip J. In FIG. 7B the diaphragm E is shown in a fully closed position with an internal pressure of about 65 psi. First it is noted that the diaphragm web 16 balloons substantially but much of the web is supported against the contoured surface of the support surface 52. FIG. 7C illustrates the diaphragm in a fully closed position but at an internal pressure of about 120 psi. Even though the higher pressure further balloons the web 16, this pushes more of the web into supporting contact with the support structure 52. Thus, the thin web diaphragm E performs well even at higher operating pressures. The thinner more flexible web further facilitates the diaphragm 16 to be closed against these higher pressures.
FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative design for the diaphragm E. All features of the diaphragm E are the same as the embodiment of FIG. 2B except as to the transition region between the web 16 and the central body 22. The thin web 16 greatly increases the flexibility of the diaphragm E. However, in some applications even greater flexibility may be desired. In such cases, the web 16 concave surface 32 is joined to the central body 22 by a radius 90 or other smooth transition. However, in this case, the transition 90 forms or transitions to a surface 92 that extends radial inwardly towards the central body 22, thus forming an undercut in the central body 22. This configuration thus provides a substantially thinner joint or transition between the web 16 and the central body 22, as compared to the embodiment of FIG. 2B, thus increasing the flexibility of the diaphragm. The tradeoff is that the undercut presents a potential entrapment area, or region that may be difficult to clean in some applications.
FIGS. 9A-9D illustrates further embodiments of the diaphragm. In FIGS. 9A-9C, the diaphragm E is illustrated in an open position without pressure in the valve, open position with the valve under pressure, and in a closed position, respectively. In this embodiment, the support surface 200 which is formed in the actuator housing in this embodiment, includes an annular recess 202. The annular recess 202 is configured to receive and support the diaphragm upper surface 204 which can bow or balloon significantly when the valve is under pressure and the diaphragm is in the open position. The shape of the recess 202 will be selected to best conform to the diaphragm for providing adequate support. The support surface 200 further includes the transition to a convex portion 206 as in the other embodiments described herein.
The valve illustrated in FIGS. 9A-9C is a larger valve than that illustrated in the other drawings herein. Thus, the diaphragm E includes a larger diameter central boss 208. The support surface 200 is therefore provided with a corresponding flat 210 that may engage the boss 208 upper surface 212 when the diaphragm is in the open position as in FIGS. 9A and 9B for example. The diameter of these planar regions 210, 212 will vary with the size of the diaphragm and valve. FIGS. 10A-10E illustrate various examples of different size diaphragms (FIG. 10A being a larger valve to FIG. 10E being a smaller valve) and the corresponding changes in configuration of the support surface, however, all the diaphragms share the basic features of the invention as described herein above.
In the embodiments of FIGS. 9A-9C, the peripheral edge region 14 is formed with an upper notch or recess 96 formed in the rim 28. FIG. 9D shows an enlarged view of the notch 96. This notch 96 is preferably but not necessarily circumferentially continuous and uniform. The notch 96 defines a circumferential tab portion 98. The diameter of the tab 98 is selected to have a close or slip fit with the inner wall 64 of the valve body (FIG. 3) such that the tab 98 functions to accurately center the diaphragm E in the valve body F prior to clamping down the actuator housing D. The notch 96 allows the diaphragm E to deform in the region 100 when the actuator housing D is over-torqued when joined to the valve body F. Without the notch 96, in some cases the diaphragm may deform in the region 102 which would be less desirable for overall performance of the diaphragm. Thus it is contemplated that the notch 96 can be a feature used with the various diaphragm designs illustrated and/or described herein.
The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this specification. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
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Porsche delivery documents, that prove: this car has matching numbers. Bills and documents from the american years, and today. 1 owner from 1978 until... More
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1968 Porsche 912 Targa '68 Porsche 912 Targa, matching numbers, chassis#12871107, engine #1285337, color code#6805 Bahama yellow, solid floorpan, straight body, excellent original California... More
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This 1964 Porsche 356C Cabriolet is a very nice driver quality example. The engine was recently rebuilt and the car comes with chrome wheels.... More
This is two owner 1966 Porsche 911 coupe, 66 Arizona car, original color was Bahama yellow. This car does not have the original engine.... More
1960 Porsche 196 356B/1600 Roadster for sale. Fresh from a 3 year total restoration including all the mechanical and cosmetics and only driven 400... More
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Bush Administration's Haste Could Doom New Gun Rules In National Parks
There do seem to be an overwhelming proportion (identified by very unscientific means) of comments in support of the rule change. So much so I had to do some digging to make sure that mine was still in there.
I haven't spent much time studying the public comment process... but is there an actual report that breaks down the 26,000+ comments into some numbers? Clicking through the comments one by one is not a very reliable way of building a conclusion. It would be pretty easy to run the comments through a qualitative analysis program to give us a better idea of what is going on. Further, it would allow for some demographic analysis to help show how statistically representative of the US population the comments are.
Even if a report shows that there is strong support from the public (that did comment on this rule change), it should not mean that the proposal is automatically made a rule. It should start the process of better understanding all the impacts associated with changing or not changing the rule.
Any decisions made concerning national parks and other protected areas need to based on the best available science, not just public opinion. (Yes, I know that you can probably find examples of bad science being used to support past rule changes in parks.)
I remember a researcher asking people about putting a new building at Logan Pass in Glacier NP. He found that there was overwhelming support by visitors to build a revolving restaurant at the pass. Just because a bunch people want something doesn't make it a good idea.
Spammers Are Targeting National Parks Traveler
We are having the same problems on our forum...the spam bots have gotten very sophisticated. We had to stop using the character recognition and switched to the question and answer - which so far has worked well.
National Park Mystery Plant 1: Will This "Lime-Green Cancer" Derail Everglades Restoration?
Thanks for the information and that amazing photo, Anon. There's clearly a lot more to this Lygodium business than meets the eye. I'll watch for updates and hope that some sort of breakthrough will soon happen on the biological control front. Meanwhile I've made a few edits to the article based on the new-to-me information you've supplied. I never cease to be amazed at the breadth and depth of NPT reader expertise.
Rules! Rules! Rules!
i,ve ben told that you can not use a metal detector in a national park say like lake meade national park.
National Park Mystery Plant 1: Will This "Lime-Green Cancer" Derail Everglades Restoration?
Sorry I'm late to this party: our connection to the rest of the internet died again yesterday.
If you want to see a graphic image of Lygodium collapsing and killing a tree island, look at:
http://bio.fiu.edu/lygodium/images/DSCN1108.jpg I shot this in the Loxahatchee NWR not Everglades National Park. Currently, on the order of 1/3 or 1/2 of the tree islands in Loxahatchee are infested with Lygodium. Lygodium is still sparse in ENP: a few patches in Brazilian Pepper (itself another exotic invasive species) and mangroves on the western park of the park. [The last I knew, there actually is more Lygodium in Big Cypress than in ENP.] Tony Pernas and Jonathan Taylor of NPS deserve credit.
While Lygodium _can_ grow on sawgrass, marshes, ditches, and prairies, it doesn't grow very large there. It grows large and produces billions of spores when it climbs on trees. The reason folks are more scared about Lygodium than about Melaleuca or Australian Pine (Casuarina) or Brazilian Pepper (Schinus) or even kudzu (not a problem in south Florida) is that for the other exotic species, control actions can start on one side and roll back the infestation, because seed dispersal isn't that great. Melaleuca is "officially" extirpated in ENP because they first went after the small outlying patches that served as seed sources or foci of further spread, then they systematically went after the solid stands on the edges of the park. Lygodium doesn't have local dispersal: the spores that started the infestations in the southwest part of ENP likely blew in from Loxahatchee, 40-75km away. Therefore, Lygodium must be controlled over very large areas simultaneously.
This report is a bit out of date in the last comment about biological control. Bob Pemberton of USDA in Davie is pretty far along in testing biological control agents (a weevil and a rust fungus). However, the patchy "islands" of habitat (tree islands, bay heads, etc.) are a major problem for biological control to be effective. Lygodium produces billions of spores, which disperse very long distances, so almost every tree island receives new spores every month, and new Lygodium infestations can pop up anywhere. Effective passive biological control would require a control organism that can colonize new patches of Lygodium at least as fast as Lygodium colonizes new tree islands: a pretty tough race against a fern with spores. My little project on spore germination & growth requirements and a bit of math suggests that biological control may be feasible, but not self-sustaining: someone is likely to have to culture the rust and weevils and release them on 5-10% of the tree islands each year.
Tredegar Ironworks: A Civil War Icon Preserved at Richmond National Battlefield Park
If you'd like to see before-and-after photos of Tregedar Ironworks --in its heyday and then lying in ruins, that is -- visit http://web.ukonline.co.uk/b.gardner/tredegar/trediron.htm.
National Park Mystery Plant 1: Will This "Lime-Green Cancer" Derail Everglades Restoration?
I won't hold you to that promise, Donna. If they ever start enforcing a "learn before you speak" rule here at NPT, I'll be out of business!
National Park Mystery Plant 1: Will This "Lime-Green Cancer" Derail Everglades Restoration?
You'll have to forgive my ignorance in my previous comment. I found there is also much research going on to find a "killer" for this plant. I read scientists and biologists have been working on finding natural enemies of this plant in many of the areas where it originated from. On that note, I will remember to learn before I speak.
National Park Mystery Plant 1: Will This "Lime-Green Cancer" Derail Everglades Restoration?
I remember this plant when I lived down south. It was all over, but most times you could see the hanging vines from where people were cutting it down to make use in home decorations. I pulled up a website for this blanket vine and found many people harvest this plant for not only medicinal purposes but for design as well. Is there a way that we can also harvest this plant to the benefit of our nation? I also read there is yet any type of "killing device" for this plant. So then, how does Japan and China, which this is most native to, keep theirs "under control"? There has got to be a way. The goats sounds great, but goats can be as invasive as well. Also, thriving in the Everglades may damper a "harvest" as it wouldn't be an easy thing to acquire. I just wonder why we haven't gone to the "source" to find out how to "control" this thriving if invasive plant.
Tredegar Ironworks: A Civil War Icon Preserved at Richmond National Battlefield Park
I toured this lovely ironworks when I was there in 2006. Amazing. Finding it was an adventure in of itself as well. I saw so many amazing older buildings (I'm a huge fan of architecture) my excitement at finding this place was bumped up a notch at wanting to just stop and check these buildings out. I didn't tour the museum since I too lacked the expense of admission at the time. But being able to walk around the grounds and be where they were during the war was intense, for me anyway. I could hear the clanging of the machines and smell the heat of the fires while they were making the ammunitions and whatever else they made there. Truly amazing.
Tredegar Ironworks: A Civil War Icon Preserved at Richmond National Battlefield Park
Richmond is definitely on my list, dap. I want to check out Tredegar (including that museum) for myself, but mostly I want to explore Richmond. At one time or another I've visited nearly all the battlefields in your area, but it's been a looooooong time since I've been in your fair city. I suppose it must have changed a good bit since 1964?
NPCA, PEER Voice Concerns Over Proposed Mountain Bike Rule Change In National Parks
A Denver Post article on the same topic has triggered an avalanche of comments there, so on the off-chance that people haven't had their fill of discussions of this issue, I'm providing a link to the debate:
Bush Administration's Haste Could Doom New Gun Rules In National Parks
Anonymous said, "The overwhelming majority of respondants, to the tune of 73%, were adamently opposed to the rule change."
Actually, the majority of the respondents were in FAVOR of the rule change! I assume you've been following the Brady Bunch's teaching fairly closely. If you'd like to do a little independent research, you can follow this link and read the comments for yourself. There are thousands of them. Pick a dozen or so AT RANDOM. See what they say, then decide.
President Obama's administration might reverse this rule change. But it will not be done quietly. There will be a lot of loud voices from the people of this country who are tired of being treated like criminals while the REAL criminals walk the streets "on probation".
Bush Administration's Haste Could Doom New Gun Rules In National Parks
Sorry to be the one to inform you that you have your facts 180 degrees off! The overwhelming majority of respondants, to the tune of 73%, were adamently opposed to the rule change.
This policy change clearly did not have the support in congress to pass, so the Bush administration defied the legal rule making process and scrambled to pass it before he left office without the required assessments and votes from congress .
Thankfully, this rule change will not stand, and will be overturned by the courts or the Obama administration!!!
Spammers Are Targeting National Parks Traveler
Sorry to hear abou that. I hope you catch them, Kurt.
Tredegar Ironworks: A Civil War Icon Preserved at Richmond National Battlefield Park
Thank you so very much for your kind words on my first-time-ever article! It was enjoyable to create, to say the least, and Kurt was kind enough to allow me to do so for NPT!
I must admit that I mentioned the privately operated American Civil War Center Museum in passing because I did not tour the entire facility, since it was not part of the NPS unit per se. (Plus admission costs $8.00, which I lacked on that particular day, along with ample time...)
The lobby proper was all that I viewed, and it did contain several exhibits. The website eludes to quite a bit more to see, and their flagship exhibit of the Restored Gun Foundry sounds quite intriguing!
Since I encourage any tourism to our city, I would say of course you should make the trip! Even if this part proved to be a let down, there's so much Civil War Era History to explore in the Richmond area that you would certainly not leave disappointed.
A tour of nearby Belle Isle and Hollywood Cemetery alone would make such a trip worthwhile. (Sorry for the shameless plug...)
Thanks again!
Can You Find the Desert Five-Spot In Death Valley National Park?
I've seen many Desert Five Spots in my winters in Death Valley. I would recommend driving thru the town of Shoshone and North thru the south end of the park (I believe it is Hwy 178), past Ashford Mill and Mormon Point. The flowers usually start blooming in the South end of the park and work their way North. Plus I've seen desert bighorn sheep a few times around the Mormon Point area. Don't forget to stop at Badwater on your way to Furnace Creek either!
Can You Find the Desert Five-Spot In Death Valley National Park?
Will be going to Death Valley next week for vacation.I know it will only be the beginning of the wild flower explosion, but I will be looking for the Desert Five Spot and many more. I am a Grand Canyon employee but must confess Death Valley is my favorite park to visit.
National Park Mystery Plant 1: Will This "Lime-Green Cancer" Derail Everglades Restoration?
Well I may have been wrong and it was goats. it was while since I saw that show. I have not heard about this climbing fern before but reminded me of kudzu which has reached MD now. This is just nature at its worst or best with a new interloping sucessfully crowding out existing lifeforms.
The qustion is do we want to try and bring it back to it's past or adapt to the new situation? This is the eternal question of parks. We had gypsy moth infestations and pine beetles. Mankind has been struggling since existence fighting against nature and in the most we have suceeded.
It is amazing to me to see orderly farmlands revert to scrub and then forests. Volacanoe ravaged areas spring back with new growth. Life is determined to survive.
Bush Administration's Haste Could Doom New Gun Rules In National Parks
I don't recall having a Bill of Needs. A Bill of Rights we do have. I don't see the Need to allow you post your drivel on the internet. However I do see you have the Right.
National Park Quiz 38: African Americans
Thanks for the feedback, Denny. I had no idea that the Wrights and Dunbar were classmates.
National Park Mystery Plant 1: Will This "Lime-Green Cancer" Derail Everglades Restoration?
Kudzu is a whole 'nuther matter, RAH. Being a South Carolina resident, I'm thoroughly familiar with "the plant that ate the South." Some people say that you can only kill kudzu by driving a stake through it's heart, but I suspect that may be an exaggeration. I've seen goats used for kudzu control, but this is the first I've heard of sheep being used for that purpose.
National Park Quiz 38: African Americans
12. The Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park does not just consist of the Wright Cycle Company complex and other sites associated with the Wright Brothers. It also includes the Paul Laurence Dunbar State Memorial. This memorial, which is operated by the Ohio Historical Society, preserves the home of a renowned African American
a. aviator
b. musician and painter
c. poet and writer
d. aeronautical engineer
I think the better question would be: Who published Paul Lawrence Dunbar's first works? A: former classmates of his, Orville and Wilbur Wright. Few realize the brothers ran a printing business prior to their cycle and later aviation work.
National Park Mystery Plant 1: Will This "Lime-Green Cancer" Derail Everglades Restoration?
As I try to clear vines and honeysuckle from overgrown gardens and cut down treees that have grown up I recall that Leif Erickson wanted to call this land " Vineland" I think that is very appropiate. It is an exhausting struggle to clear vines and this seems to a similar situation. Kudzu has taken over vast track and I saw a show on using sheep to graze the areas down and the use of border collies to round them up. The persn trailers sheep to an area and then another area just to keep thes pest from infesting areas.
Why is Clear-cutting Allowed in Japan's Iconic Park, Daisetsuzan?
I was able to find an official website that seems to show a protection plan and a use plan. Unfortunately I can't understand Japanese. However, Google can translate non image based text. Here is a link with a map of the park and a translated explanation of the management (it is very brief, and doesn't provide conclusive evidence of a biosphere reserve use model).


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|By Shathabheesha .
Article Rating:
|February 11, 2013 08:00 AM EST
2011 ended with the popularization of an idea: bringing VMs (virtual machines) onto the cloud. Recent years have seen great advancements in both cloud computing and virtualization. On the one hand there is the ability to pool various resources to provide Software as a Service, Infrastructure as a Service and Platform as a Service. At its most basic, this is what describes cloud computing. On the other hand, we have virtual machines that provide agility, flexibility, and scalability to the cloud resources by allowing the vendors to copy, move, and manipulate their VMs at will. The term virtual machine essentially describes sharing the resources of one single physical computer into various computers within itself. VMware and virtual box are commonly used virtual systems on desktops. Cloud computing effectively stands for many computers pretending to be one computing environment. Obviously, cloud computing would have many virtualized systems to maximize resources.
Keeping this information in mind, we can now look into the security issues that arise within a cloud computing scenario. As more and more organizations follow the "Into the Cloud" concept, malicious hackers keep finding ways to get their hands on valuable information by manipulating safeguards and breaching the security layers (if any) of cloud environments. One issue is that the cloud computing scenario is not as transparent as it claims to be. The service user has no clue about how his information is processed and stored. In addition, the service user cannot directly control the flow of data/information storage and processing. The service provider is usually not aware of the details of the service running on his or her environment. Thus, possible attacks on the cloud-computing environment can be classified into:
- Resource attacks: Include manipulating the available resources into mounting a large-scale botnet attack. These kinds of attacks target either cloud providers or service providers.
- Data attacks: Include unauthorized modification of sensitive data at nodes, or performing configuration changes to enable a sniffing attack via a specific device etc. These attacks are focused on cloud providers, service providers, and also on service users.
- Denial of Service attacks: The creation of a new virtual machine is not a difficult task and, thus, creating rogue VMs and allocating huge spaces for them can lead to a Denial of Service attack for service providers when they opt to create a new VM on the cloud. This kind of attack is generally called virtual machine sprawling.
- Backdoor: Another threat on a virtual environment empowered by cloud computing is the use of backdoor VMs that leak sensitive information and can destroy data privacy. Having virtual machines would indirectly allow anyone with access to the host disk files of the VM to take a snapshot or illegal copy of the whole system. This can lead to corporate espionage and piracy of legitimate products.
With so many obvious security issues (a lot more can be added to the list), we need to enumerate some steps that can be used to secure virtualization in cloud computing.
The most neglected aspect of any organization is its physical security. An advanced social engineer can take advantage of weak physical security policies an organization has put in place. Thus, it's important to have a consistent, context-aware security policy when it comes to controlling access to a data center. Traffic between the virtual machines needs to be monitored closely by using at least a few standard monitoring tools.
After thoroughly enhancing physical security, it's time to check security on the inside. A well-configured gateway should be able to enforce security when any virtual machine is reconfigured, migrated, or added. This will help prevent VM sprawls and rogue VMs. Another approach that might help enhance internal security is the use of third-party validation checks, performed in accordance with security standards.
In the above figure, we see that the service provider and cloud provider work together and are bound by the Service Level Agreement. The cloud is used to run various instances, whereas the service end users pay for each use the instant the cloud is used. The following section tries to explain an approach that can be used to check the integrity of virtual systems running inside the cloud.
Checking virtual systems for integrity increases the capabilities for monitoring and securing environments. One of the primary focuses of this integrity check should be the seamless integration of existing virtual systems like VMware and virtual box. This would lead to file integrity checking and increased protection against data losses within VMs. Involving agentless anti-malware intrusion detection and prevention in one single virtual appliance (unlike isolated point security solutions) would contribute greatly towards VM integrity checks. This will reduce operational overhead while adding zero footprints.
A server on a cloud may be used to deploy web applications, and in this scenario an OWASP top-ten vulnerability check will have to be performed. Data on a cloud should be encrypted with suitable encryption and data-protection algorithms. Using these algorithms, we can check the integrity of the user profile or system profile trying to access disk files on the VMs. Profiles lacking in security protections can be considered infected by malwares. Working with a system ratio of one user to one machine would also greatly reduce risks in virtual computing platforms. To enhance the security aspect even more, after a particular environment is used, it's best to sanitize the system (reload) and destroy all the residual data. Using incoming IP addresses to determine scope on Windows-based machines and using SSH configuration settings on Linux machines will help maintain a secure one-to-one connection.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and Cloud Computing
LDAP is an extension to DAP (directory access protocol), as the name suggests, by use of smaller pieces of code. It helps by locating organizations, individuals, and other files or resources over the network. Automation of manual tasks in a cloud environment is done using a concept known as virtual system patterns. These virtual system patterns enable a fast and repeatable use of systems. Having dedicated LDAP servers is not typically necessary, but LDAP services have to be considered when designing an efficient virtual system pattern. Extending LDAP servers to cloud management would lead to a buffering of existing security policies and cloud infrastructure. This also allows users to remotely manage and operate within the infrastructure.
Various security aspects to be considered:
1. Granular access control
2. Role-based access control
The directory synchronization client is a client-residential application. Only one instance of DSC can be run at a time. Multiple instances may lead to inconsistencies in the data being updated. If any new user is added or removed, DSC updates the information on its next scheduled update. The clients then have the option to merge data from multiple DSCs and synchronize. For web security, the clients don't need to register separately if they are in the network, provided that the DSC used is set up for NTLM identification and IDs.
Host-Side Architecture for Securing Virtualization in Cloud Environment
The security model described here is purely host-side architecture that can be placed in a cloud system "as is" without changing any aspect of the cloud. The system assumes the attacker is located in any form within the guest VM. This system is also asynchronous in nature and therefore easier to hide from an attacker. Asynchronicity prevents timing analysis attacks from detecting this system. The model believes that the host system is trustworthy. When a guest system is placed in the network, it's susceptible to various kinds of attacks like viruses, code injections (in terms of web applications), and buffer overflows. Other lesser-known attacks on clouds include DoS, keystroke analysis, and estimating traffic rates. In addition, an exploitation framework like metasploit can easily attack a buffer overflow vulnerability and compromise the entire environment.
The above approach basically monitors key components. It takes into account the fact that the key attacks would be on the kernel and middleware. Thus integrity checks are in place for these modules. Overall, the system checks for any malicious modifications in the kernel components. The design of the system takes into consideration attacks from outside the cloud and also from sibling virtual machines. In the above figure the dotted lines stand for monitoring data and the red lines symbolize malicious data. This system is totally transparent to the guest VMs, as this is a totally host-integrated architecture.
The implementation of this system basically starts with attaching a few modules onto the hosts. The following are the modules along with their functions:
Interceptor: The first module that all the host traffic will encounter. The interceptor doesn't block any traffic and so the presence of a third-party security system shouldn't be detected by an attacker; thus, the attacker's activities can be logged in more detail. This feature also allows the system to be made more intelligent. This module is responsible for monitoring suspicious guest activities. This also plays a role in replacing/restoring the affected modules in case of an attack.
Warning Recorder: The result of the interceptor's analysis is directly sent to this module. Here a warning pool is created for security checks. The warnings generated are prioritized for future reference.
Evaluator and hasher: This module performs security checks based on the priorities of the warning pool created by the warning recorder. Increased warning will lead to a security alert.
Actuator: The actuator actually makes the final decision whether to issue a security alert or not. This is done after receiving confirmation from the evaluator, hasher, and warning recorder.
This system performs an analysis on the memory footprints and checks for both abnormal memory usages and connection attempts. This kind of detection of malicious activity is called an anomaly-based detection. Once any system is compromised, the devious malware tries to affect other systems in the network until the entire unit is owned by the hacker. Targets of this type of attack also include the command and control servers, as in the case of botnets. In either case, there is an increase in memory activity and connection attempts that occur from a single point in the environment.
Another key strategy used by attackers is to utilize hidden processes as listed in the process list. An attacker performs a dynamic data attack/leveraging that hides the process he is using from the display on the system. The modules of this protection system perform periodic checks of the kernel schedulers. On scanning the kernel scheduler, it would detect hidden structures there by nullifying the attack.
Current Implementation
This approach has been followed by two of the main open source cloud distributions, namely Eucalyptus and OpenECP. In all implementations, this system remains transparent to the guest VM and the modules are generally attached to the key components of the architecture.
Performance Evaluation
The system claims to be CPU-free in nature (as it's asynchronous) and has shown few complex behaviors on I/O operations. It's reasoned that this characteristic is due to constant file integrity checks and analysis done by the warning recorder.
In this article, we have seen a novel architecture design that aims to secure virtualization on cloud environments. The architecture is purely host integrated and remains transparent to the guest VMs. This system also assumes trustworthiness of the host and assumes attacks originate from the guests. As in security, the rule of thumb says: anything and everything can be penetrated with time and patience. But an intelligent security consultant can make things difficult for an attacker by integrating transparent systems so that they remain invisible and that it takes time for hackers to detect these systems under normal scenarios.
- Lombardi F, Di Pietro R - Secure virtualization for cloud computing, 2010
- LDAP and Cloud
- Extending LDAP to cloud
The list of 'new paradigm' technologies that now surrounds us appears to be at an all time high. From cloud computing and Big Data analytics to Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) and the Internet of Things (IoT), today we have to deal with what the industry likes to call 'paradigm shifts' at every level of IT. This is disruption; of course, we understand that – change is almost always disruptive.
Mar. 27, 2015 08:15 PM EDT Reads: 957
SYS-CON Events announced today that Cisco, the worldwide leader in IT that transforms how people connect, communicate and collaborate, has been named "Gold Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Cisco makes amazing things happen by connecting the unconnected. Cisco has shaped the future of the Internet by becoming the worldwide leader in transforming how people connect, communicate and collaborate. Cisco and our partners are building the platform for the Internet of Everything by connecting the...
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SYS-CON Events announced today that robomq.io will exhibit at SYS-CON's @ThingsExpo, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. robomq.io is an interoperable and composable platform that connects any device to any application. It helps systems integrators and the solution providers build new and innovative products and service for industries requiring monitoring or intelligence from devices and sensors.
Mar. 27, 2015 06:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,320
SYS-CON Media announced today that @WebRTCSummit Blog, the largest WebRTC resource in the world, has been launched. @WebRTCSummit Blog offers top articles, news stories, and blog posts from the world's well-known experts and guarantees better exposure for its authors than any other publication. @WebRTCSummit Blog can be bookmarked ▸ Here @WebRTCSummit conference site can be bookmarked ▸ Here
Mar. 27, 2015 06:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,643
Temasys has announced senior management additions to its team. Joining are David Holloway as Vice President of Commercial and Nadine Yap as Vice President of Product. Over the past 12 months Temasys has doubled in size as it adds new customers and expands the development of its Skylink platform. Skylink leads the charge to move WebRTC, traditionally seen as a desktop, browser based technology, to become a ubiquitous web communications technology on web and mobile, as well as Internet of Things compatible devices.
Mar. 27, 2015 06:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,691
Docker is an excellent platform for organizations interested in running microservices. It offers portability and consistency between development and production environments, quick provisioning times, and a simple way to isolate services. In his session at DevOps Summit at 16th Cloud Expo, Shannon Williams, co-founder of Rancher Labs, will walk through these and other benefits of using Docker to run microservices, and provide an overview of RancherOS, a minimalist distribution of Linux designed expressly to run Docker. He will also discuss Rancher, an orchestration and service discovery platf...
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Sonus Networks introduced the Sonus WebRTC Services Solution, a virtualized Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) offer, purpose-built for the Cloud. The WebRTC Services Solution provides signaling from WebRTC-to-WebRTC applications and interworking from WebRTC-to-Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), delivering advanced real-time communications capabilities on mobile applications and on websites, which are accessible via a browser.
Mar. 27, 2015 04:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,660
SYS-CON Events announced today that Aria Systems, the leading innovator in recurring revenue, has been named "Bronze Sponsor" of SYS-CON's @ThingsExpo, which will take place on June 9–11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York, NY. Proven by the world's most demanding enterprises, including AAA NCNU, Constant Contact, Falck, Hootsuite, Pitney Bowes, Telekom Denmark, and VMware, Aria helps enterprises grow their recurring revenue businesses. With Aria's end-to-end active monetization platform, global brands can get to market faster with a wider variety of products and services, while maximizin...
Mar. 27, 2015 04:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,504
SYS-CON Events announced today that Vitria Technology, Inc. will exhibit at SYS-CON's @ThingsExpo, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Vitria will showcase the company's new IoT Analytics Platform through live demonstrations at booth #330. Vitria's IoT Analytics Platform, fully integrated and powered by an operational intelligence engine, enables customers to rapidly build and operationalize advanced analytics to deliver timely business outcomes for use cases across the industrial, enterprise, and consumer segments.
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SYS-CON Events announced today that Akana, formerly SOA Software, has been named "Bronze Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo® New York, which will take place June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Akana's comprehensive suite of API Management, API Security, Integrated SOA Governance, and Cloud Integration solutions helps businesses accelerate digital transformation by securely extending their reach across multiple channels – mobile, cloud and Internet of Things. Akana enables enterprises to share data as APIs, connect and integrate applications, drive part...
Mar. 27, 2015 03:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,371
After making a doctor's appointment via your mobile device, you receive a calendar invite. The day of your appointment, you get a reminder with the doctor's location and contact information. As you enter the doctor's exam room, the medical team is equipped with the latest tablet containing your medical history – he or she makes real time updates to your medical file. At the end of your visit, you receive an electronic prescription to your preferred pharmacy and can schedule your next appointment.
Mar. 27, 2015 03:15 PM EDT Reads: 451
The WebRTC Summit 2014 New York, to be held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York, NY, announces that its Call for Papers is open. Topics include all aspects of improving IT delivery by eliminating waste through automated business models leveraging cloud technologies. WebRTC Summit is co-located with 16th International Cloud Expo, @ThingsExpo, Big Data Expo, and DevOps Summit.
Mar. 27, 2015 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,352
SYS-CON Events announced today that Solgenia will exhibit at SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, and the 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Solgenia is the global market leader in Cloud Collaboration and Cloud Infrastructure software solutions. Designed to "Bridge the Gap" between Personal and Professional Social, Mobile and Cloud user experiences, our solutions help large and medium-sized organizations dr...
Mar. 27, 2015 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,649
SYS-CON Events announced today that Liaison Technologies, a leading provider of data management and integration cloud services and solutions, has been named "Silver Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York, NY. Liaison Technologies is a recognized market leader in providing cloud-enabled data integration and data management solutions to break down complex information barriers, enabling enterprises to make smarter decisions, faster.
Mar. 27, 2015 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 3,350
The 3rd International Internet of @ThingsExpo, co-located with the 16th International Cloud Expo - to be held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY - announces that its Call for Papers is open. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the biggest idea since the creation of the Worldwide Web more than 20 years ago.
Mar. 27, 2015 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,914
SYS-CON Events announced today that CommVault has been named "Bronze Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, and the 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. A singular vision – a belief in a better way to address current and future data management needs – guides CommVault in the development of Singular Information Management® solutions for high-performance data protection, universal availability and sim...
Mar. 27, 2015 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,492
Cloud is not a commodity. And no matter what you call it, computing doesn't come out of the sky. It comes from physical hardware inside brick and mortar facilities connected by hundreds of miles of networking cable. And no two clouds are built the same way. SoftLayer gives you the highest performing cloud infrastructure available. One platform that takes data centers around the world that are full of the widest range of cloud computing options, and then integrates and automates everything. Join SoftLayer on June 9 at 16th Cloud Expo to learn about IBM Cloud's SoftLayer platform, explore se...
Mar. 27, 2015 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,522
SYS-CON Media announced today that 9 out of 10 " most read" DevOps articles are published by @DevOpsSummit Blog. Launched in October 2014, @DevOpsSummit Blog offers top articles, news stories, and blog posts from the world's well-known experts and guarantees better exposure for its authors than any other publication. The widespread success of cloud computing is driving the DevOps revolution in enterprise IT. Now as never before, development teams must communicate and collaborate in a dynamic, 24/7/365 environment. There is no time to wait for long development cycles that produce softw...
Mar. 27, 2015 01:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,371
Wearable technology was dominant at this year's International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) , and MWC was no exception to this trend. New versions of favorites, such as the Samsung Gear (three new products were released: the Gear 2, the Gear 2 Neo and the Gear Fit), shared the limelight with new wearables like Pebble Time Steel (the new premium version of the company's previously released smartwatch) and the LG Watch Urbane. The most dramatic difference at MWC was an emphasis on presenting wearables as fashion accessories and moving away from the original clunky technology associated with t...
Mar. 27, 2015 12:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,103
The world's leading Cloud event, Cloud Expo has launched Microservices Journal on the SYS-CON.com portal, featuring over 19,000 original articles, news stories, features, and blog entries. DevOps Journal is focused on this critical enterprise IT topic in the world of cloud computing. Microservices Journal offers top articles, news stories, and blog posts from the world's well-known experts and guarantees better exposure for its authors than any other publication. Follow new article posts on Twitter at @MicroservicesE
Mar. 27, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,306


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But it has a happy ending!
How To Use Pantone's Spring 2015 Color Report At Home
Walls can (and do) talk, and these say, "Let there be light." We'll show you how to incorporate soothing blues, serene greens, and lively yellows in unexpected ways, while also offering proof that pink and purple can look surprisingly sophisticated. Ready to get started?


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May 2013, TruckingInfo.com - WebXclusive
By Colton Lawrence, Equinox Business Solutions
April 15 has come and gone, so you can breathe easy for another year -- that is, unless the IRS decides to audit you and become a major pain in your life. Here's how to handle it if they do.
Tags: IRS, Taxes, Owner-Operators, Equinox Owner-Operator Solutions
February 2013, TruckingInfo.com - WebXclusive
By Scott Christensen, Contributor
New year - new taxes. That's what many drivers are thinking after the latest round of tax increases. While you can't legally dodge taxes, you can trim them. The options for doing so may have even been under your nose your entire trucking career.
Tags: Owner-Operators, Equinox Owner-Operator Solutions, Taxes
We offer e-newsletters that deliver targeted news and information for the entire fleet industry.
The expert, Mark Betner from CITGO, will answer your questions
The expert, Rence Oliphant from Hendrickson, will answer your questions
Drones And the Future of Package Delivery
How Will 3D Printing Affect Trucking?
Ultimate Test Drive Video: Brain and Brawn
Ultimate Test Drive Video: Small Block, Big Load
Webasto Releases Advanced Heater Controls
V-Flap II is An Aerodynamic Mud Flap
Cloud-Based In-Cab Video System Launched
Fan Drive Cools Better in Severe Applications


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Is this trend a disturbing hallmark of contemporary society? Possibly. Is it likely, over the long haul, to radically alter our lifestyles? Probably. Is it realistic to shun the screen in favor of some pastoral paradise-lost? Doubtful. Families have been gathering around the tube for decades now. The movie theater's wide screen continues to draw flocks of viewers. And the computer -- not only a necessity for all manner of employment -- has now invaded the home via the Internet.
Artists are not immune to this phenomenon, and many have been involved with various forms of screen manipulation, so to speak, since the 1970s. It's a natural progression, really, from canvas to screen. Dana Self quotes social theorists Jean Baudrillard and Michel Foucault in order to discuss Jessica Bronson's installation, superfluentcircumfield, at the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art. Here's why: Bronson, a California artist, presents three small televisions mounted to the wall. Each screen displays laser disc views of natural phenomena, but in its final form, superfluentcircumfield is anything but natural.
Both Baudrillard and Foucault discuss how technology shapes our behavior. They argue that we no longer negotiate the natural world. Instead, we negotiate our ideas about it. Foucault often analyzes the effects of modern prison design upon its occupants, and Baudrillard, appropriately, dissects our relationship to the screen. As we continue to use technology to shape our world and to communicate, we become once, twice, even three times removed from actual events. In other words, we experience science fiction, not fact.
Such experience shatters our very notion of a factual event, and Bronson, a sci-fi buff, uses this idea as a starting point. Her three fluid screens -- with their accompanying sound -- work in concert, and she wants us to know we're being manipulated.
"Lost Horizon," a skewed, wide-angle view of a cracked, orange landscape, plays on the left screen. It's a relatively short piece, and midway through it one's view of the landscape flips upside-down. It ends with a series of rapid-fire edits between the two views, and then, unceremoniously, it begins again.
The right screen plays a looped satellite view of a hurricane called "Does the ocean think?" Despite the low, hollow soundtrack -- which adds a richness to the overall sound in the room -- this piece gets upstaged by the other two.
Bronson's "First and Last Strike" deserves its central position. In it, seemingly endless variations of lightning patterns cut across the screen. Bronson pulls out all the technological stops here: She used multiple split-screen variations during her editing process. Stock footage of lightning strikes upon various locations becomes an evolving design motif, and as the disc plays, one experiences a moving mandala. "First and Last Strike" -- in addition to the final, rapid-fire sequence of "Lost Horizon" -- best exemplifies Bronson's interest in science fiction's ability to "mediate between spiritualistic and materialistic forces."
Bronson also includes two sculptural elements: thick discs lit from the inside, each measuring 42 inches in diameter and mounted on wheels. She calls each one "we have heaven," and they look like platforms upon which something should be placed and moved about the room. Although they convey a certain amount of irony -- portable "heaven" in the form of plastic and wood -- their inclusion in the installation seems forced. Their dialogue with the three screens requires one to perform mental acrobatics in an effort to "get" it, and once "got," they are quickly forgotten.
Ultimately, Bronson's work deserves recognition for its play between fact and fiction, nature and culture, material and spiritual. It's easy to ignore a few presentational missteps when there's so much to think about. Someday, though, Bronson should present "First and Last Strike" all by itself . . . in a darkened room . . . on a large screen . . . with quadraphonic sound. Then one could truly worship at the altar of the flickering screen.
Jessica Bronson:
superfluentcircumfieldthrough April 30
at the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art
4420 Warwick Blvd.
816-753-5784 816-421-7064


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HAVE: Music
catkins(z9 CA)December 10, 2005
Hi, I have lots of cassette tapes and compact discs to trade. Most is excellent condition some older. I have classical, jazz, and rock. Would like to trade for plants (no seeds), books, crafts, home made things (except food), art work, what have you. I'll send a list if you are interested. Thanks.
meilie(z7 MD)
Please send me your list of CDs. I have aloe vera plants, flowering gingers, tri-fetta hot pepper, datura (white), catnip, etc. I'll have more available during the growing season.
Here is a link that might be useful: Meilie's Gallery


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True confession time: I'm a Candy Crush Saga addict. There was a time when we all were, but it's become less of an open conversation these days and those of us who still linger in the parking lot to play just one more game before going into the office… well, we don't speak … [Read more...]
Hardening Your Application Against API Failures with API Virtualization
Covert Operations: An Undercover Web Performance Pro's Report from Inside an eCommerce Call Center
Though my day job is web performance, I occasionally work a night or weekend shift in the customer call center of a large public specialty retailer. The retailer has many bricks and mortar stores, a catalog business and an eCommerce site. With this part time gig, … [Read more...]
Perfecto Mobile Monitoring Powered by SmartBear
SmartBear and Perfecto Mobile have announced a joint partnership. We have developed an integrated solution MobileCloud Monitoring , powered by SmartBear, to provide testing and monitoring for native mobile applications. Let me take you through what we've done. Perfecto … [Read more...]
TechnologyAdvice: AnDevCon and the Future of Mobile
AnDevCon, a conference specifically made for and focused on Android developers, is going on right now in our backyard - Boston, Ma. Not only will be have a handful of SmartBears in attendance, we're also one of the sponsors of the show. This is an awesome show that we're … [Read more...]
API Copyrightability – A Technical and Legal Debate
A few weeks ago you may have noticed the increased buzz around the appellate court's reversal in the years-long Oracle v. Google case. And while this all may seem like a bit of rubbish stirred up by industry publications simply looking to squeeze some big names into their … [Read more...]
Managing Your Mobile Testing Strategy
Test management of mobile applications presents unique challenges that require more thorough planning than most other types of software. Mobile projects are extremely complex, requiring project managers and test managers to plan carefully or risk being late to market - or … [Read more...]
How Sensors are Changing Software Design
Sensors are being embedded in everything from industrial equipment to tennis rackets to refrigerators. Software UIs and functional designs are changing to make the most of sensor and sensor webs but their potential has yet to be realized. That's where you come in. Sensors … [Read more...]
Load Testing for Mobile Devices
Performance testing on mobile devices, applications, and Web content is by no means a new phenomenon. Even so, the truth is that we still need to know how well our apps and sites perform in production environments before that inevitable slow down or downtime occurs. One … [Read more...]
Testing iOS Applications
Developing applications for iOS is not like developing applications for Android OS. Google is much more open to what can submit to the Google Play store, whereas Apple has strict guidelines that could stop your development efforts in their tracks; this will become a … [Read more...]
TestComplete 10.1 Released with Real-Device Support for iOS
To meet the demand of our users and to increase mobile test coverage across multiple platforms, SmartBear is happy to announce iOS support as part of our award-winning TestComplete product. The new TestComplete 10.1 release now supports real-device test automation for iOS … [Read more...]


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These napkins are great for 70's parties. Each napkin is made of 2-ply paper so you have a great mix of quality and easy cleanup. The napkins have a brightly colored disco ball on them so that you can feel like you're back in the 70's again. Great idea for your event.
" The shopping experience was wonderful and you had everything I need. Thank you so much! "


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1949 Ford Custom convertible. The post WWII new modern streamlined 1949 Ford design "Shoebox Ford" helped save Ford! Miami cream (yellow), black canvas power... More
1936 FORD CHANNELED CUSTOM - WANTED $500.00 REWARD for credible information as to who originally built and owned this early fifties custom channeled 1936 Ford Custom. The history as... More
Vegas Classic Muscle Cars is pleased to present this 1951 Ford Custom Convertible.2006 4.6 Ltr. Lincoln Fuel-Injected Engine with Automatic Overdrive Transmission. Power steering,... More
This beautiful black 1951 Ford 2 door sedan has been restored by a professional resoration shop in Iowa. Nothing was overlooked, The FORDOMATIC transmission... More
1949 Ford Custom DeLuxe club coupe,an outstanding,authentic restoration,of a solid original car,with some desireable accessories-flathead V8,dual exhausts with glasspacs,dual carbs,wide whitewalls,fender skirts,sunvisor,gravel shields,and... More
Ford 1950 Custom convertible, flathead V8, 3-speed w/overdrive, p/top. This Ford has every option that was available in 1950, windshield washer & dual exhaust.... More
1951 Ford Custom Two Door Sedan, V8 flat head 239 engine with new offenhauser heads & intake and new holley 4 barrell. Manual with... More
GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this sleek 1949 Ford Custom Coupe for consideration. This is a highly customized show worthy vehicle that... More
Solid West coast car with a rust-free and laser straight body. Smooth running flat head V8, 3-speed transmission, wide white wall tires, new factory... More
1951 Ford Deluxe business coupe; California rust-free example; mildly street rodded with a Small block "302" Ford engine "Edelbrock" 4 BBl. carb / manifold,headers;... More
Check out this custom show stopper! What we have here is a 1934 Ford 3-Window Coupe finished in a stunning yellow hue over a... More
Price: $34,995 Type: Used Year: 1951 Make: FORD Model: CUSTOM Stock 188420 Mileage: 6035 Engine Size: 460ci Transmission: Automatic Exterior Color: Electric Green Interior Color: Gray/ Black Vin: H1DA188420 866-230-2851 Contact Us [Free CARFAX Report] Free CARFAX Record Check Description Cruisin Classics is proud to introduce a 1951 Ford Custom.... More
1938 Ford 1/2 Ton Custom "Old School Hotrod" Truck This immaculate 1938 Ford 1/2 ton custom pickup truck has recently undergone a meticulous frame-off restoration and... More
We are very pleased to offer this professionally built 1934 Ford Deluxe Sedan finished in Bright Yellow with gorgeous custom two-tone Brown leather interior!... More
Purists might cringe at the mixed DNA on this radical 1951 Ford custom convertible, but this is truly the way they did it in... More


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Comfort Inn & Suites
30 Louis Prima Drive
Covington, LA 70433
Phone: (985) 809-1234
Fax: (985) 809-0466
Note: Distance is displayed as straight line from the city center or point of interest. Driving distance may vary.
Directions to Our Hotel:
I-12W, Exit 63B. Take right on Louis Prima Drive. Hotel on right. I-12E, Exit 63B. Right on Louis Prima Drive.
Directions to/from a nearby airport:
New Orleans Int'l Airport (MSY)To hotel › From hotel ›
Hotel Latitude/Longitude:
Latitude: 30.438948 Longitude: -90.081261
Use these coordinates to locate this hotel when using a GPS device or web map.
|New Orleans Int'l Airport
|40.0mi/64.4km SW
Earn valuable points toward free nights.


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▍UDP/RTP sent in real-time PCR intervals TS stream sample
Real-time send the TS stream, select UDP or RTP, flow PCR within time intervals when it is sent in order to ensure the smooth rate, real-time send the TS stream...Multimedia Visual C++
Real-time send the TS stream, select UDP or RTP, flow PCR within time intervals when it is sent in order to ensure the smooth rate, real-time send the TS stream...Multimedia Visual C++
Lu Qiming, DirecTShow development guide. Including PDF books as well as the original attached source code. A certain foundation in personal opinion, this book is suitable for readers reference....DirectShow C++
Sourse code for making a media player (windows). Use MFC to make the UI. If you want to make a media player basically,so look at this file . I hope I can help you. ...media player C
The project Strong_RTSP_player is mainly a RTSP player which implemented with QT+libvlc All we known, VLC media player is a greate open source multimedia player which support almost all video types. And libvlc is the core library of VLC, you can rewrite your own player by libvlc, it's very sim...video C++
DirecTShow source code, including the camera, players, filters, online video and other source code, there are people in need can be downloaded...Windows C++
Leveraging Real Time streaming Protocol Protocol for video streaming transmission, using ffmpe video decoding decoder g, code debugging, please feel free to use....Multimedia C++
A complete streaming media server and test client based on RTSP protocol, compile and run under VC2008 environment; it is very good source of information for beginners to learn streaming technology is good source of information (Note: The source code was modified from material downloaded from others...Windows C++
Ckplayer is based on Flash development, and integrates the functions of HTML5 video, compatible format is rich but it also has iTS limiTS. One: Flash supporTS H.264 format only. So for the traditional video formaTS are not supported, such as (WMV,AVI,rmvb). II: live HTML5 support, but do...Web Framework JavaScript
TS data demultiplexing received ES stream data for real-time decoding decoding library, implemented with a VC, CD ISO/IEC process for learning, and is helpful for simple TS stream decoding...Multimedia Visual C++
A simple RTSP, there are two Dll, one is a network set up, the other is a play set up, as well as with operating instructions...video C++
BOOTSTRAP very easy to use templates, open source projecTS, many controls powerful, built-in table to support the search within a page, press the column sorting and other functions....Web Framework JavaScript
StruTS+Hibernate+Spring Source: BBS systemThis information contains the following annexes:992]StruTS+Hibernate+Spring Source: BBS systems. rar...Java Development Java
This app demonstrates how to retrieve, purchase, download, and restore In-App Purchase producTS using SKRequestDelegate, SKProducTSRequestDelegate, SKProducTSResponse, and SKPaymentTransactionObserver's paymentQueue:updatedTransactions: and paymentQueue: updatedDownloads:. It displays available prod...iOS Objective-C
neTStat (network statistics) ,is a command line tool that display network connections.This program is a example made in borland c++ builder using winsock....WinSock Borland C++ Builder
This resource is a booTStrap sample, you download directly for secondary development...Web Framework JavaScript
Through the program, you can perform trend analysis of time series data, TSA catastrophe trend analysis programs can be widely used in dynamics and hydrological time series data for testing....Algorithm Matlab
Thebeast Board, based on Atmel ATSAM4E MCU This zip file has is a to test TheBeast Board(ATSAM4E Based), - Source code implementation for TCP/IP protocol: UDP, DHCP, NTP, Audio - Boad Design FIles, KiCad Files, Schematic Original Souce Files: FREE, OPEN SOURCE http:/...Embeded C
Demo of StruTS+spring+ibatis, suitable for the Web item class reference...web Java
It has been borrowed from a website .In this article, we study a possibility of solving the well-known Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), which ranges among NP-hard problems, and offer a implementation of theoretical overview of some methods used for solving this problem. The Ant Co...Algorithm Java
This code uses ACO method to solve TSP. Welcome to download and try. Thank you for your support....Algorithm Matlab
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