text:
A system and method for providing network resources from an origin server to a client. A set of intermediary servers is topologically dispersed throughout a network. An enhanced communication channel is provided between the set of intermediary servers and the origin server. A redirector receives address resolution requests for the origin server, selects one of the intermediary servers in response to the request, and provides a network address of the selected intermediary servers to an entity generating the address resolution request.
1. A system for serving web pages to a requesting software application comprising:
a web site;
a plurality of front-end servers, wherein a unique network address is assigned to each front-end server;
a first channel configured to support request and response communication between the software application and the web site;
a plurality of second channels configured to support communication between each of the front-end servers and the web site;
a redirector server operable to select one front-end server from the plurality of front-end servers and generate a response referring the requesting software application to the selected front-end server, wherein the redirector server determines a composite quality factor based on at least partially two or more component factors for the plurality of second channels and selects the selected one front-end server at least partially based upon the relative composite quality factors of the plurality of second channels; and
mechanisms within the web site for redirecting a request received from the software application on the first channel to the redirector server.
2. The system of
3. The system of
mechanisms within at least some of the front-end servers for implementing a portion of the web site, wherein the redirector server selects amongst the plurality of front-end servers based upon a relative ability of the front-end servers to implement the web site without reference to the first address domain.
4. The system of
5. The system of
6. The system of
a global redirector which is registered with a public domain name system as a domain name server for the domain name of the web site;
a plurality of regional redirectors, wherein each regional redirector is registered with the global redirector as a domain name server for a particular topographical region; and
a plurality of network redirectors, wherein each network redirector is associated with a subset of front-ends and is registered with each of the regional redirectors as a domain name server for the associated subset of front-ends.
7. The system of
8. The system of
9. The system of
10. The system of
11. The system of
12. A method for redirecting a communication between a software application and a network resource over a communication network, the method comprising:
causing a software application to generate a first DNS (�domain name system�) request over a first channel within the communication network, the first request specifying a domain name of the network resource;
selecting a second channel within the communication network that supports communication with the network resource;
responding to the DNS request with a network address of a front-end machine that supports the selected second channel;
conducting subsequent communications between the software application and the network resource over the second channel; and
causing the network resource to generate a redirect message in response to the first request, the redirect response identifying a redirector server to perform the responding to the DNS request.
13. The method of
causing the software application to generate a second request directed to the redirector server; and
causing the redirector server to generate a message in response to the second request, the message identifying a selected one of a plurality of front-end servers that are configured to implement the second channel.
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
The present invention claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/197,490 entitled CONDUCTOR GATEWAY filed on Apr. 17, 2000.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates, in general, to network information access and, more particularly, to software, systems and methods for serving web pages in a coordinated fashion from multiple cooperating web servers.
2. Relevant Background
Increasingly, business data processing systems, entertainment systems, and personal communications systems are implemented by computers across networks that are interconnected by Internetworks (e.g., the Internet). The Internet is rapidly emerging as the preferred system for distributing and exchanging data. Data exchanges support applications including electronic commerce (e-commerce), broadcast and multicast messaging, videoconferencing, gaming, and the like.
The Internet is a collection of disparate computers and networks coupled together by a web of interconnections using standardized communications protocols. The Internet is characterized by its vast reach as a result of its wide and increasing availability and easy access protocols. Unfortunately, the ubiquitous nature of the Internet results in variable bandwidth and quality of service between points. The latency and reliability of data transport is largely determined by the total amount of traffic on the Internet and so varies wildly seasonally and throughout the day. Other factors that affect quality of service include equipment outages and line degradation that force packets to be rerouted, damaged and/or dropped. Also, routing software and hardware limitations within the Internet infrastructure may create bandwidth bottlenecks even when the mechanisms are operating within specifications.
Internet transport protocols do not discriminate between users. Data packets are passed between routers and switches that make up the Internet fabric based on the hardware's instantaneous view of the best path between source and destination nodes specified in the packet. Because each packet may take a different path, the latency of a packet cannot be guaranteed and, in practice, varies significantly. Likewise, data packets are routed through the Internet without any prioritization based on content.
Prioritization has not been an issue with conventional networks such as local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs) because the average latency of such networks has been sufficiently low and sufficiently uniform to provide acceptable performance. However, there is an increasing demand for network applications that cannot tolerate high and variable latency. This situation is complicated when the application is to be run over the Internet where latency and variability in latency are many times greater than in LAN and WAN environments.
A particular need exists in environments that involve multiple users accessing a network resource such as a web server. Examples include broadcast, multicast and videoconferencing as well as most electronic commerce (e-commerce) applications. In these applications, it is important to maintain a reliable connection so that the server and clients remain synchronized and information is not lost.
In e-commerce applications, it is important to provide a satisfying buyer experience that leads to a purchase transaction. To provide this high level of service, a web site operator must ensure that data is delivered to the customer in the most usable and efficient fashion. Also, the web site operator must ensure that critical data received from the customer is handled with priority.
Until now, however, the e-commerce site owner has had little or no control over the transport mechanisms through the Internet that affect the latency and quality of service. This is akin to a retailer being forced to deal with a customer by shouting across the street, never certain how often what was said must be repeated, and knowing that during rush hour communication would be nearly impossible. While efforts are continually being made to increase the capacity and quality of service afforded by the Internet, it is contemplated that congestion will always impact the ability to predictably and reliably offer a specified level of service. Moreover, the change in the demand for bandwidth increases at a greater rate than does the change in bandwidth supply, ensuring that congestion will continue to be an issue into the foreseeable future. A need exists for a system to exchange data over the Internet that provides a high quality of service even during periods of congestion.
Many e-commerce transactions are abandoned by the user because system performance degradations frustrate the purchaser before the transaction is consummated. While a transaction that is abandoned while a customer is merely browsing through a catalog may be tolerable, abandonment when the customer is just a few clicks away from a purchase is highly undesirable. However, existing Internet transport mechanisms and systems do not allow the e-commerce site owner any ability to distinguish between the �just browsing� and the �about-to-buy� customers. In fact, the vagaries of the Internet may lead to the casual browser receiving a higher quality of service while the about to buy customer becomes frustrated and abandons the transaction.
Attempts have been made to cache web content at various cache servers distributed across the Internet. Each cache server has a an explicit static IP address so as to enable the Internet domain name system to be used to locate cache servers. An HTTP request for a static element such as an image, file or web page is handled by redirecting the client making the request to a domain name corresponding to one of the distributed caches. The client then generates requests directed at the selected cache server. These cache solutions do not affect the manner in which a connection is made between the client and the origin web server and so are only partial solutions. Further, any content that is not or cannot be cached, such as dynamically generated content, must be obtained from the origin web server in a conventional way.
In a similar manner, web sites can be replicated or mirrored at various locations throughout the Internet. Mirror sites exist in a different domain than the origin site and so a user must be made aware of the mirror's domain in order to use the mirror site. Because the user must take explicit actions to access a mirror site, they are harder to use. Also, a user is often guessing at which mirror site will offer the best performance. A need exists for a system and method that enables redirection to any of an arbitrary set of front end computers in a communication system.
Briefly stated, the present invention involves a system and method for providing network resources from an origin server to a client. A set of intermediary servers is topologically dispersed throughout a network. An enhanced communication channel is provided between the set of intermediary servers and the origin server. A redirector receives address resolution requests for the origin server, selects one of the intermediary servers in response to the request, and provides a network address of the selected intermediary servers to an entity generating the address resolution request.
The present invention is illustrated and described in terms of a distributed computing environment such as an enterprise computing system using public communication channels such as the Internet. However, an important feature of the present invention is that it is readily scaled upwardly and downwardly to meet the needs of a particular application. Accordingly, unless specified to the contrary, the present invention is applicable to significantly larger, more complex network environments, including wireless network environments, as well as small network environments such as conventional LAN systems.
The present invention involves a redirector system that functions to redirect web browser software that is �visiting� a particular web site to an appropriate front-end computer or intermediate computer for that site. The redirector mechanism is intended to be highly fault-tolerant, capable of handling significant numbers of redirection requests with near-zero downtime. The redirector represents a modified form of DNS (Domain Name Server). When a request is received to provide the IP address for a given domain name, redirector 309 instead provides the IP address of the best available front-end server 201. In contrast, conventional redirection sends a redirected domain name to the web browser, which in turn determines the redirected IP address using the conventional DNS. In accordance with the present invention, the browser has no knowledge that it has been redirected, and is a passive participant in the redirection process.
One feature of the present invention is that the front-end servers are in separate IP address domains from the originating web server. A redirection mechanism is enabled to select from an available pool of front-end servers and direct client request packets from the originating web server to a selected front-end server. Preferably, the front-end server establishes and maintains an enhanced communication channel with the originating web server. By enhanced it is meant that the enhanced channel offers improved quality of service, lower latency, prioritization services, higher security transport, or other features and services that improve upon the basic transport mechanisms (such as TCP) defined for Internet data transport.
For purposes of this document, a web server is a computer running server software coupled to the World Wide Web (i.e., �the web�) that delivers or serves web pages. The web server has a unique IP address and accepts connections in order to service requests by sending back responses. A web server differs from a proxy server or a gateway server in that a web server has resident a set of resources (i.e., software programs, data storage capacity, and/or hardware) that enable it to execute programs to provide an extensible range of functionality such as generating web pages, accessing remote network resources, analyzing contents of packets, reformatting request/response traffic and the like using the resident resources. In contrast, a proxy simply forwards request/response traffic on behalf of a client to resources that reside elsewhere, or obtains resources from a local cache if implemented. A web server in accordance with the present invention may reference external resources. Commercially available web server software includes Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), Netscape Netsite, Apache, among others. Alternatively, a web site may be implemented with custom or semi-custom software that supports HTTP traffic.
Local networks 102, 103 and 104 include one or more network appliances 107. One or more network appliances 107 may be configured as an application and/or file server. Each local network 102, 103 and 104 may include a number of shared devices (not shown) such as printers, file servers, mass storage and the like. Similarly, devices 111 may be shared through network 101 to provide application and file services, directory services, printing, storage, and the like. Routers 109 which exist throughout network 101 as well as at the edge of network 101 as shown in
Network appliances 107 may also couple to network 101 through public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108 using copper or wireless connection technology. In a typical environment, an Internet service provider 106 supports a connection to network 101 as well as PSTN 108 connections to network appliances 107.
Network appliances 107 may be implemented as any kind of network appliance having sufficient computational function to execute software needed to establish and use a connection to network 101. Network appliances 107 may comprise workstation and personal computer hardware executing commercial operating systems such as Unix variants, Micrsosoft Windows, Macintosh OS, and the like. At the same time, some appliances 107 comprise portable or handheld devices such as personal digital assistants and cell phones executing operating system software such as PalmOS, WindowsCE, EPOC OS and the like. Moreover, the present invention is readily extended to network devices such as office equipment, vehicles, and personal communicators that occasionally connect through network 101.
Each of the devices shown in
The present invention operates in a manner akin to a private network 200 implemented within the Internet infrastructure. Private network 200 expedites and prioritizes communications between a client 205 and a web site 210. In the specific examples herein client 205 comprises a network-enabled graphical user interface such as a World Wide Web browser. However, the present invention is readily extended to client software other than conventional World Wide Web browser software. Any client application that can access a standard or proprietary user level protocol for network access is a suitable equivalent. Examples include client applications for file transfer protocol (FTP) services, voice over Internet protocol (VOIP) services, network news protocol (NNTP) services, multi-purpose internet mail extensions (MIME) services, post office protocol (POP) services, simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) services, as well as Telnet services. In addition to network protocols, the client application may access a network application such as a database management system (DBMS) in which case the client application generates query language (e.g., structured query language or �SQL�) messages. In wireless appliances, a client application may communicate via a wireless application protocol (WAP) or the like.
For convenience, the term �web site� is used interchangeably with �web server� in the description herein, although it should be understood that a web site comprises a collection of content, programs and processes implemented on one or more web servers. A web site is owned by the content provider such as an e-commerce vendor, whereas a web server refers to set of programs running on one or more machines coupled to an Internet node. The web site 210 may be hosted on the site owner's own web server, or hosted on a web server owned by a third party. A web hosting center is an entity that implements one or more web sites on one or more web servers using shared hardware and software resources across the multiple web sites. In a typical web infrastructure, there are many web browsers, each of which has a TCP connection to the web server in which a particular web site is implemented. The present invention adds two components to the infrastructure: a front-end server 201 and back-end 203. Front-end 201 and back-end 203 are coupled by a managed data communication link 202 that forms, in essence, a private network.
Front-end server 201 serves as an access point for client-side communications. Front-end server 201 implements a gateway that functions as a proxy for the web server(s) implementing web site 210 (i.e., from the perspective of client 205, front-end server 201 appears to be the web site 210). Front-end server 201 comprises, for example, a computer that sits �close� to clients 205. By �close�, it is meant that the average latency associated with a connection between a client 205 and a front-end server 201 is less than the average latency associated with a connection between a client 205 and a web site 210. Desirably, front-end servers have as fast a connection as possible to the clients 205. For example, the fastest available connection may be implemented in point of presence (POP) of an Internet service provider (ISP) 106 used by a particular client 205. However, the placement of the front-end servers 201 can limit the number of browsers that can use them. Because of this, in some applications it is more practical to place one front-end server computer in such a way that several POPs can connect to it. Greater distance between front-end server 201 and clients 205 may be desirable in some applications as this distance will allow for selection amongst a greater number front-end servers 201 and thereby provide significantly different routes to a particular back-end server 203. This may offer benefits when particular routes and/or front-end servers become congested or otherwise unavailable.
Transport mechanism 202 is implemented by cooperative actions of the front-end server 201 and back-end server 203. Back-end server 203 processes and directs data communication to and from web site 210. Transport mechanism 202 communicates data packets using a proprietary protocol over the public Internet infrastructure in the particular example. Hence, the present invention does not require heavy infrastructure investments and automatically benefits from improvements implemented in the general purpose network 101. Unlike the general purpose Internet, front-end server 201 and back-end server 203 are programmably assigned to serve accesses to a particular web site 210 at any given time.
It is contemplated that any number of front-end server and back-end server mechanisms may be implemented cooperatively to support the desired level of service required by the web site owner. The present invention implements a many-to-many mapping of front-end servers to back-end servers. Because the front-end server to backend server mappings can by dynamically changed, a fixed hardware infrastructure can be logically reconfigured to map more or fewer front-end servers to more or fewer backends and web sites or servers as needed.
Front-end server 201 together with back-end server 203 function to reduce traffic across a transport morphing protocol� (TMP�) link 202 and to improve response time for selected browsers. Transport morphing protocol and TMP are trademarks or registered trademarks of Circadence Corporation in the United States and other countries. Traffic across the TMP link 202 is reduced by compressing data and serving browser requests from cache for fast retrieval. Also, the blending of request datagrams results in fewer request:acknowledge pairs across the TMP link 202 as compared to the number required to send the packets individually between front-end server 201 and back-end server 203. This action reduces the overhead associated with transporting a given amount of data, although conventional request:acknowledge traffic is still performed on the links coupling the front-end server 201 to client 205 and back-end server 203 to a web server. Moreover, resend traffic is significantly reduced further reducing the traffic. Response time is further improved for select privileged users and for specially marked resources by determining the priority for each HTTP transmission.
In one embodiment, front-end server 201 and back-end server 203 are closely coupled to the Internet backbone. This means they have high bandwidth connections, can expect fewer hops, and have more predictable packet transit time than could be expected from a general-purpose connection. Although it is preferable to have low latency connections between front-end servers 201 and back-end servers 203, a particular strength of the present invention is its ability to deal with latency by enabling efficient transport and traffic prioritization. Hence, in other embodiments front-end server 201 and/or back-end server 203 may be located farther from the Internet backbone and closer to clients 205 and/or web servers 210. Such an implementation reduces the number of hops required to reach a front-end server 201 while increasing the number of hops within the TMP link 202 thereby yielding control over more of the transport path to the management mechanisms of the present invention.
Clients 205 no longer conduct all data transactions directly with the web server 210. Instead, clients 205 conduct some and preferably a majority of transactions with front-end servers 201, which simulate the functions of web server 210. Client data is then sent, using TMP link 202, to the back-end server 203 and then to the web server 210. Running multiple clients 205 over one large connection provides several advantages:
A particular advantage of the architecture shown in
In the particular examples, this is implemented by a front-end manager component 207 that communicates with multiple front-end servers 201 to provide administrative and configuration information to front-end servers 201. Each front-end server 201 includes data structures for storing the configuration information, including information identifying the IP addresses of web servers 210 to which they are currently assigned. Other administrative and configuration information stored in front-end server 201 may include information for prioritizing data from and to particular clients, quality of service information, and the like.
Similarly, additional back-end servers 203 can be assigned to a web site to handle increased traffic. Backend manager component 209 couples to one or more back-end servers 203 to provide centralized administration and configuration service. Back-end servers 203 include data structures to hold current configuration state, quality of service information and the like. In the particular examples front-end manager 207 and back-end manager 209 serve multiple web sites 210 and so are able to manipulate the number of front-end servers and back-end servers assigned to each web site 210 by updating this configuration information. When the congestion for the site subsides, the front-end server 201 and back-end server 203 can be reassigned to other, busier web sites. These and similar modifications are equivalent to the specific examples illustrated herein.
In the case of web-based environments, front-end server 201 is implemented using custom or off-the-shelf web server software. Front-end server 201 is readily extended to support other, non-web-based protocols, however, and may support multiple protocols for varieties of client traffic. Front-end server 201 processes the data traffic it receives, regardless of the protocol of that traffic, to a form suitable for transport by TMP 202 to a back-end server 203. Hence, most of the functionality implemented by front-end server 201 is independent of the protocol or format of the data received from a client 205. Hence, although the discussion of the exemplary embodiments herein relates primarily to front-end server 201 implemented as a web server, it should be noted that, unless specified to the contrary, web-based traffic management and protocols are merely examples and not a limitation of the present invention.
As shown in
This difference enables the web site or other network service to be implemented so as to take advantage of the unique topological position each entity has with respect to the client 205. By way of a particular example, assume an environment in which the front-end server 201 is located at the location of an ISP used by a particular set of clients 205. In such an environment, clients 205 can access the front-end server 205 without actually traversing the network 101.
In order for a client 205 to obtain service from a front-end server 201, it must first be directed to a front-end server 201 that can provide the desired service. Preferably, client 205 does not need to be aware of the location of front-end server 201, and initiates all transactions as if it were contacting the originating server 210.
Browser 301 functions as a graphical user interface to implement user input/output (I/O) through monitor 311 and associated keyboard, mouse, or other user input device (not shown). Browser 301 is usually used as an interface for web-based applications, but may also be used as an interface for other applications such as email and network news, as well as special-purpose applications such as database access, telephony, and the like. Alternatively, a special-purpose user interface may be substituted for the more general purpose browser 301 to handle a particular application.
TCP/IP stack 303 communicates with browser 301 to convert data between formats suitable for browser 301 and IP format suitable for Internet traffic. TCP/IP stack also implements a TCP protocol that manages transmission of packets between client 205 and an Internet service provider (ISP) or equivalent access point. IP protocol requires that each data packet include, among other things, an IP address identifying a destination node. In current implementations the IP address comprises a 32-bit value that identifies a particular Internet node. Non-IP networks have similar node addressing mechanisms. To provide a more user-friendly addressing system, the Internet implements a system of domain name servers that map alpha-numeric domain names to specific IP addresses. This system enables a name space that is more consistent reference between nodes on the Internet and avoids the need for users to know network identifiers, addresses, routes and similar information in order to make a connection.
The domain name service is implemented as a distributed database managed by domain name servers (DNSs) 307 such as DNS_A, DNS_B and DNS_C shown in
The user programs (e.g., clients 205) access name servers through standard programs such as resolver 305. Resolver 305 includes an address of a DNS 307 that serves as a primary name server. When presented with a reference to a domain name (e.g., http://www.circadence.com), resolver 305 sends a request to the primary DNS (e.g., DNS_A in
In this manner, the resolver 305 becomes aware of the IP address mapping which is supplied to TCP/IP component 303. Client 205 may cache the IP address mapping for future use. TCP/IP component 303 uses the mapping to supply the correct IP address in packets directed to a particular domain name so that reference to the DNS system need only occur once.
In accordance with the present invention, at least one DNS server 307 is owned and controlled by system components of the present invention. When a user accesses a network resource (e.g., a web site), browser 301 contacts the public DNS system to resolve the requested domain name into its related IP address in a conventional manner. In a first embodiment, the public DNS performs a conventional DNS resolution directing the browser to an originating server 210 and server 210 performs a redirection of the browser to the system owned DNS server (i.e., DNC_C in
Unlike a conventional DNS server, however, the system-owned DNS_C in
Front-end server 201 typically receives information directly from front-end server manager 207 about the address of currently assigned back-end servers 203. Similarly, back-end server 203 is aware of the address of a front-end server 201 associated with each data packet. Hence, reference to the domain system is not required to map a front-end server 201 to its appropriate back-end server 203.
Once the user has been redirected to regional redirector server 603 in their home region, regional redirector server 603 takes over the process of finding the single best gateway front-end server 201 for the user. Regional redirector 603 identifies a network where the user is located. The �network� in which the user is located refers to a set of one or more front-end servers 201 connected to the same network redirector 604. On any given �network�, for any given back-end server 203 (shown in
In the preferred implementations, each front-end server 201 supports a communication channel with each back-end server 203. Hence, there exist a large number of alternative channels that may be selected to provide suitable service for a given connection. The best available front-end server 201 is determined based on estimates and actual measurements of quality of service that can be provided by the various alternative channels.
In accordance with the present invention, network redirector 604 determines a quality of service index or factor for each of a plurality of the available alternative channels. This quality of service index takes into account a variety of component factors such as latency, lost packets, server load (e.g., CPU usage) within the various front-end servers 201 and back-end servers 203, and the like. This index also attempts to account for components that affect the connection between a client 205 and each front-end server 201, although these factors may not be determinable with precision. Based upon the client's IP address, redirector 604 can estimate the geographic or topological distance between each front-end server 201 and estimate the quality of service of the alternate links. For example, it might often be true that a front-end server 201 that is close to client 205 will provide superior service.
The various component factors are combined arithmetically or logically to generate an index. The combination might be a simple addition or multiplication operation, or may involve weighting each of the component factors. Based upon the determined index, a front-end server 201 can be selected from the arbitrary set of available front-end servers 201. The network address (e.g., IP address) for the selected front-end server 201 is communicated to client 205 in response to the domain resolution request issued by client 205. Henceforth, client 205 maintains the association between the requested domain (www.abc.com) and the returned IP address of the selected front-end server 201. From the client's perspective, the server found at the returned IP address is within the address domain of the requested web site 210.
If a regional redirector 603 were to be off-line, the user's request would fail. To avoid this situation, it is desirable that each regional redirector 603 will be served by at least two computers, to be known as primary and secondary. For regions with significant traffic, it may be advisable to deploy not only primary and secondary computers, but tertiary computers as well.
Front-end servers 201 report their status on a regular basis to their network redirector 604. It is possible that a specific front-end server 201 might go down without the network redirector 604 becoming immediately aware. In that situation, a user's request would not fail. Network redirectors 604 will return not one, but two or three IP addresses of different front-end server computers 201. As a result, if one front-end server is down, the user will be automatically connected to another front-end server 201. It is expected that redirector mechanism 309 will usually realize the unavailability of a front-end server 201 in less than one minute, although the time in a particular implementation may be selected to meet the needs of that implementation.
In cases where regional redirector 603 is unable to identify the network that the user belongs to, it will try to find an alternate network closest to that user, and will redirect that users to the network redirector 604 that serves this alternate network. The selected network redirector 604 completes the process of selecting the most suitable front-end server 201 for a user. The redirector makes a decision by considering several factors that may include:
Finding the absolute best available front-end server 201 may, in some cases, take too long. If this is the case for a given search, the search process could be curtailed in several ways:
Having selected a front-end server 201, the user is connected to the selected front-end server and the job of redirector 309 is complete. In a particular example, front-end servers 201 communicate only with their corresponding network redirector servers 604. As a result, the user will almost always be sent to a front-end server 201 that is topologically close, for example in their home region, even if not the first �best� choice. Communications between the front-end server computers 201 and the redirector 309 are preferably secure and fault-tolerant.
A special case exists for secure communications. When a client sends a packet using secure HTTP, for example, the payload is encrypted in a manner that only the origin server 210 can decrypt. While the origin server could share its decryption keys with front-ends 201, this may reduce the integrity of the keys to an unacceptable degree owing to the wider distribution of the keys. Hence, a front-end 201 will be unable to parse and process secure packets in the same manner as it is able to work with conventional packets.
In many cases, secure communications use a specially designated port on the sending and receiving machines. For example, conventional HTTP traffic uses port 80 whereas secure HTTP (HTTPS) uses port 443. While other ports can be designated, standard-compliant TCP/IP processes will listen for secure communication on port 443 by default. In these cases, when the client sends a communication on the secure port the back-end 203 should deliver the packet on the secure port.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, redirector 309 specifies a secure port (e.g., port 443) of the selected front-end 201 in the IP address returned to a client 205. Further, front-end 201 implements processes that listen to the secure port and handle packets received on the secure port specially. These packets may be blended with non-secure packets over TMP link 202. However, packets received on a secure port, or any other non-standard port, are marked or tagged with the port number on which they should be delivered. This enables a back-end 203 to address the server 210 on the same port that client 205 intended to send the packet.
Each front-end server 201 regularly reports its status to its network redirector server 604. Once a new front-end server 201 comes online, the redirector 309 would immediately become aware of this new front-end server 201, as well as all back-end servers 203 connected to that front-end server. Should a front-end server 201 become unavailable, the redirector 309 will find out quickly, preferably in less than one minute. This small potential downtime can be reduced even further by means of an optional, third layer of DNS servers.
It is important to prevent the network redirector servers from being misled. Communications between redirector 309 and the front-end servers 201 is preferably secure. Secure connections can be ensured in multiple ways:
The redirection system in accordance with the present invention is usefully understood in contrast with a conventional DNS system. A conventional DNS is intended to be updated infrequently by reference to its associated master file. In contrast, the master file associated with DNS_C is dynamically updated by redirector 309 to reflect current assignment of front-end server 201 and back-end server 203. In operation, a reference to web server 210 (e.g., http://www.abc.com) may result in an IP address returned from redirector 309 that points to a selected front-end server 201.
Front-end server 201 typically receives information directly from front-end manager 207 about the address of currently assigned back-end servers 203. Similarly, back-end server 203 is aware of the address of a front-end server 201 associated with each data packet. Management utilities will be required to administer the redirector system 309. The global, regional and network DNS servers may require separate utilities. The following is an exemplary list of tasks that the management utilities for redirector system 309 may perform:
Returning now to
TCP component 401 includes devices for implementing physical connection layer and Internet protocol (IP) layer functionality. Current IP standards are described in IETF documents RFC0791, RFC0950, RFC0919, RFC0922, RFC792, RFC1112 that are incorporated by reference herein. For ease of description and understanding, these mechanisms are not described in great detail herein.
TCP component 401 communicates TCP packets with one or more clients 205. Received packets are coupled to parser 402 where the Internet protocol (or equivalent) information is extracted. TCP is described in IETF RFC0793 which is incorporated herein by reference. Each TCP packet includes header information that indicates addressing and control variables, and a payload portion that holds the user-level data being transported by the TCP packet. The user-level data in the payload portion typically comprises a user-level network protocol datagram.
Parser 402 analyzes the payload portion of the TCP packet. In the examples herein, HTTP is employed as the user-level protocol because of its widespread use and the advantage that currently available browser software is able to readily use the HTTP protocol. In this case, parser 402 comprises an HTTP parser. More generally, parser 402 can be implemented as any parser-type logic implemented in hardware or software for interpreting the contents of the payload portion. Parser 402 may implement file transfer protocol (FTP), mail protocols such as simple mail transport protocol (SMTP), structured query language (SQL) and the like. Any user-level protocol, including proprietary protocols, may be implemented within the present invention using appropriate modification of parser 402.
To improve performance, front-end server 201 optionally includes a caching mechanism 403. Cache 403 may be implemented as a passive cache that stores frequently and/or recently accessed web pages or as an active cache that stores network resources that are anticipated to be accessed. In non-web applications, cache 403 may be used to store any form of data representing database contents, files, program code, and other information. Upon receipt of a TCP packet, HTTP parser 402 determines if the packet is making a request for data within cache 403. When the request can be satisfied from cache 403, the data is supplied directly without reference to web server 210 (i.e., a cache hit). Cache 403 implements any of a range of management functions for maintaining fresh content. For example, cache 403 may invalidate portions of the cached content after an expiration period specified with the cached data or by web sever 210. Also, cache 403 may proactively update the cache contents even before a request is received for particularly important or frequently used data from web server 210. Cache 403 evicts information using any desired algorithm such as least recently used, least frequently used, first in/first out, or random eviction. When the requested data is not within cache 403, a request is forwarded to web server 210, and the returned data may be stored in cache 403.
Several types of packets will cause parser 404 to forward a request towards web server 201. For example, a request for data that is not within cache 403 (or if optional cache 403 is not implemented) will require a reference to web server 210. Some packets will comprise data that must be supplied to web server 210 (e.g., customer credit information, form data and the like). In these instances, HTTP parser 402 couples to data blender 404.
Optionally, front-end 201 implements security processes, compression processes, encryption processes and the like to condition the received data for improved transport performance and/or provide additional functionality. These processes may be implemented within any of the functional components (e.g., data blender 404) or implemented as separate functional components within front-end 201. Also, parser 402 may implement a prioritization program to identify packets that should be given higher priority service. A prioritization program requires only that parser 402 include a data structure associating particular clients 205 or particular TCP packet types or contents with a prioritization value. Based on the prioritization value, parser 402 may selectively implement such features as caching, encryption, security, compression and the like to improve performance and/or functionality. The prioritization value is provided by the owners of web site 210, for example, and may be dynamically altered, statically set, or updated from time to time to meet the needs of a particular application.
Blender 404 slices and/or coalesces the data portions of the received packets into a more desirable �TMP units� that are sized for transport through the TMP mechanism 202. The data portion of TCP packets may range in size depending on client 205 and any intervening links coupling client 205 to TCP component 401. Moreover, where compression is applied the compressed data will vary in size depending on the compressibility of the data. Data blender 404 receives information from front-end manager 207 that enables selection of a preferable TMP packet size. Alternatively, a fixed TMP packet size can be set that yields desirable performance across TMP mechanism 202. Data blender 404 also marks the TMP units so that they can be re-assembled at the receiving end.
Data blender 404 also serves as a buffer for storing packets from all clients 205 that are associated with front-end server 201. Blender 404 mixes data packets coming into front-end server 201 into a cohesive stream of TMP packets sent to back-end server 203 over TMP link 202. In creating a TMP packet, blender 404 is able to pick and choose amongst the available packets so as to prioritize some packets over others.
In an exemplary implementation, a �TMP connection� comprises a plurality of �TCP connection buffers�, logically arranged in multiple �rings�. Each TCP socket maintained between the front-end server 201 and a client 205 corresponds to a TCP connection buffer. When a TCP connection buffer is created it is assigned a priority. For purposes of the present invention, any algorithm or criteria may be used to assign a priority. Each priority ring is associated with a number of TCP connection buffer having similar priority. In a specific example, five priority levels are defined corresponding to five priority rings. Each priority ring is characterized by the number of connection buffers it holds (nsockets), the number of connection buffers it holds that have data waiting to be sent (nReady) and the total number of bytes of data in all the connection buffers that it holds (nBytes).
When composing TMP data packets, the blender goes into a loop comprising the steps:
1) Determine the number of bytes available to be sent from each ring (nBytes), and the number of TCP connections that are ready to send (nReady)
2) Determine how many bytes should be sent from each ring. This is based on a weight parameter for each priority. The weight can be thought of as the number of bytes that should be sent at each priority this time through the loop.
3) The nsend value computed in the previous step reflects the weighted proportion that each ring will have in a blended TMP packet, but the values of nSend do not reflect how many bytes need to be selected to actually empty most or all of the data waiting to be sent a single round. To do this, the nSend value is normalized to the ring having the most data waiting (e.g., nbytes=nSendNorm). This involves a calculation of a factor: S=nBytes/(Weight*nReady) for the ring with the greatest nReady. Then, for each ring, calculate nReady*S*Weight to get the normalized value (nSendNorm) for each priority ring.
4) Send sub-packets from the different rings. This is done by taking a sub-packet from the highest priority ring and adding it to a TMP packet, then adding a sub-packet from each of the top two queues, then the top three, and so on.
5) Within each ring, sub-packets are added round robin. When a sub-packet is added from a TCP connection buffer the ring is rotated so the next sub-packet the ring adds will come from a different TCP connection buffer. Each sub-packet can be up to 512 bytes in a particular example. If the connection buffer has less than 512 bytes waiting, the data available is added to the TMP packet.
6) When a full TMP packet (roughly 1.5 kB in a particular example) is built, it is sent. This can have three or more sub packets, depending on their size. The TMP packet will also be sent when there is no more data ready.
TMP mechanism 405 implements the TMP protocol in accordance with the present invention. TMP is a TCP-like protocol adapted to improve performance for multiple channels operating over a single connection. Front-end TMP mechanism 405 and corresponding back-end TMP mechanism 505 shown in
TMP is not merely a substitute for the standard TCP environment. TMP is designed to perform particularly well in environments such as the Internet. TMP connections are made less often than TCP connections. Once a TMP connection is made, it remains up unless there is some kind of direct intervention by an administrator or there is some form of connection breaking network error. This reduces overhead associated with setting up, maintaining and tearing down connections normally associated with TCP.
Another feature of TMP is its ability to channel numerous TCP connections through a single TMP pipe 202. The environment in which TMP resides allows multiple TCP connections to occur at one end of the system. These TCP connections are then mapped into a single TMP connection. The TMP connection is then broken down at the other end of the TMP pipe 202 in order to traffic the TCP connections to their appropriate destinations. TMP includes mechanisms to ensure that each TMP connection gets enough of the available bandwidth to accommodate the multiple TCP connections that it is carrying.
Another advantage of TMP as compared to traditional protocols is the amount of information about the quality of the connection that a TMP connection conveys from one end to the other of a TMP pipe 202. As often happens in a network environment, each end has a great deal of information about the characteristics of the connection in one direction, but not the other. By knowing about the connection as a whole, TMP can better take advantage of the available bandwidth.
In contrast with conventional TCP mechanisms, the behavior implemented by TMP mechanism 405 is constantly changing. Because TMP obtains bandwidth to host a variable number of TCP connections and because TMP is responsive information about the variable status of the network, the behavior of TMP is preferably continuously variable. One of the primary functions of TMP is being able to act as a conduit for multiple TCP connections. As such, a single TMP connection cannot behave in the same manner as a single TCP connection. For example, imagine that a TMP connection is carrying 100 TCP connections. At this time, it loses one packet (from any one of the TCP connections) and quickly cuts its window size in half (as specified for TCP). This is a performance reduction on 100 connections instead of just on the one that lost the packet.
Each TCP connection that is passed through the TMP connection must get a fair share of the bandwidth, and should not be easily squeezed out. To allow this to happen, every TMP becomes more aggressive in claiming bandwidth as it accelerates. Like TCP, the bandwidth available to a particular TMP connection is measured by its window size (i.e., the number of outstanding TCP packets that have not yet been acknowledged). Bandwidth is increased by increasing the window size, and relinquished by reducing the window size. Up to protocol specified limits, each time a packet is successfully delivered and acknowledged, the window size is increased until the window size reaches a protocol specified maximum. When a packet is dropped (e.g., no acknowledge received or a resend packet response is received), the bandwidth is decreased by backing off the window size. TMP also ensures that it becomes more and more resistant to backing off (as compared to TCP) with each new TCP connection that it hosts. A TMP should not go down to a window size of less than the number of TCP connections that it is hosting.
In a particular implementation, every time a TCP connection is added to (or removed from) what is being passed through the TMP connection, the TMP connection behavior is altered. It is this adaptation that ensures successful connections using TMP. Through the use of the adaptive algorithms discussed above, TMP is able to adapt the amount of bandwidth that it uses. When a new TCP connection is added to the TMP connection, the TMP connection becomes more aggressive. When a TCP connection is removed from the TMP connection, the TMP connection becomes less aggressive.
TMP pipe 202 provides improved performance in its environment as compared to conventional TCP channels, but it is recognized that TMP pipe 202 resides on the open, shared Internet in the preferred implementations. Hence, TMP must live together with many protocols and share the pipe efficiently in order to allow the other transport mechanisms fair access to the shared communication bandwidth. Since TMP takes only the amount of bandwidth that is appropriate for the number of TCP connections that it is hosting (and since it monitors the connection and controls the number of packets that it puts on the line), TMP will exist cooperatively with TCP traffic. Furthermore, since TMP does a better job at connection monitoring than TCP and TMP is better suited to throughput and bandwidth management than TCP.
Also shown in
TMP unit 505 receives TMP packets from TMP pipe 202 and passes them to HTTP reassemble unit 507 where they are reassembled into the corresponding TCP packets. Data filter 506 may implement other functionality such as decompression, decryption, and the like to meet the needs of a particular application. The reassembled data is forwarded to TCP component 501 for communication with web server 210.
TCP data generated by the web server process are transmitted to TCP component 501 and forwarded to HTTP parse mechanism 502. Parser 502 operates in a manner analogous to parser 402 shown in
The present invention involves two conceptual redirection activities. First, a client request for the web site at domain �abc.com� must be redirected to virtual network 200. This first level of redirection does not select a particular front-end server 201, but instead involves the redirection to the virtual network 200 which comprises the collection of arbitrary front-end servers 201. For purposes of discussion, virtual network 200 is within a domain �redir.abc.com� although it should be understood that virtual network 200 is shared across every domain that has a web site 210 coupled to a back-end server 203. A second redirection activity involves selecting a particular channel 202 such that all subsequent communication between client 205 and web site 210 is conducted over the selected channel.
One or more back-end servers 203 have a persistent relationship or assignment to web site 210. In contrast, any of the available front-end servers 201 may be dynamically connected to the back-end 203 assigned to a particular site. The first level of redirection can be accomplished in a number of ways. As described hereinbefore, the public DNS administered by InterNIC can be informed that the domain �abc.com� is to be administered by redirector 601 rather than a conventional DNS. This requires a web site owner to turn over control of all or a portion of its domain name to the administrator of redirector 601. It is contemplated that only a portion may be turned over by the owner of abc.com. (e.g., abc.def.com is turned over, but ghi.def.com is retained). The first level of redirection is then handled by the upper level public DNS system as shown in
Alternatively, web site 210 can retain control over the domain name �abc.com� and explicitly redirect as desired by responding to the initial (or any subsequent) HTTP request with a reference to �redir.abc.com�. The domain �redir.abc.com� refers only to a virtual network 200 and not to a physical machine. However, �redir.abc.com� is registered with Internic 610 to be resolved by redirector 601. In this manner, the administrator of web site 210 can determine at what point a client 205 is redirected into the enhanced communication channels 202 made available by virtual network 200.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made only by way of example, and that numerous changes in the combination and arrangement of parts can be resorted to by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as hereinafter claimed. For example, while devices supporting HTTP data traffic are used in the examples, the HTTP devices may be replaced or augmented to support other public and proprietary protocols including FTP, NNTP, SMTP, SQL and the like. In such implementations the front-end server 201 and/or back end 203 are modified to implement the desired protocol. Moreover, front-end server 201 and back-end server 203 may support different protocols such that the front-end server 201 supports, for example, HTTP traffic with a client and the back-end server supports a DBMS protocol such as SQL. Such implementations not only provide the advantages of the present invention, but also enable a client to access a rich set of network resources with minimal client software.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Formula 1 News
Postponement of Q2 and Q3 will prove to be a challenge for teams
Torrential rain forced Race Control to postpone the second and third qualifying sessions until Sunday 11.00am local time.Read more »
Qualifying interrupted by rain and darkness
Q1 was completed after a delayed start, but Q2 and Q3 have been rescheduled for Sunday morning.Read more »
Adrian Sutil confident of a Top 10 finish In qualifying
The German is hungry for success after year off the sport. Read more »
Australian Grand Prix – Friday Press Conference report
Five head-figures fronted the media at the Australian Grand Prix upon completion of Free Practice 2. Read more »
"No real surprises" for Caterham on Friday in Australia
Apart from a spin for Van der Garde, first and second practice proceeded as expected for Caterham.Read more »
Williams "surprised" by lack of performance
The Williams garage is left to ponder after poor results during both Friday practice sessions. Maldonado and Bottas puzzled. Read more »
Williams have "a lot of work to do" in Australia
Williams had a difficult first Friday of 2013 in MelbourneRead more »
Vettel leads the way in Free Practice 1
Red Bull and Ferrari look strong as McLaren struggle.Read more »
Australian Grand Prix – Thursday Press Conference
Ahead of the first Grand Prix of the 2013 season, six drivers stepped in the firing line of the Formula One media. Read more »
Vettel tips even tighter finish to F1 season
All factors point to a very competitive year. Read more »
Hamilton "In a better place."
The Ex-McLaren man insists he is in a better place, despite playing down Mercedes' pre-season testing form. Read more »
Vodafone confirms McLaren exit after seven years
New title sponsor already decided, but it won't be announced until late this year. Read more »
A big year ahead for certain drivers
They have a lot on stake and a lot to proof. We check on some of them: Grosjean, Perez, Sutil, Di Resta and Maldonado.Read more »
Guiterrez remains upbeat, despite crashing out of Q1
Guiterrez remains optimistic for Sunday's race, despite having an unsatisfactory first qualifying session.Read more »
Vettel suffers car problems in practice
The rain changed all plans and interrupted the session, which brought unrepresentative times from almost every car. | Updated |Read more »
Marussia "very pleased" with Friday progress in Melbourne
Bianchi and Chilton both impressed as Marussia looked quicker than main rival Caterham.Read more »
Positive start for Force India
Sutil and Di Resta were fastest of the midfield runners on Friday in MelbourneRead more »
McLaren concerned with pace
Jenson Button barely made it into the top ten and Perez did worse. Management looking for answers. Read more »
The iceman impressed with car performance
Kimi Raikkonen was pleased with the team's practice results. He finished 4th in last session and was followed by Grosjean. Read more »
Vettel dominates Friday practice in Melbourne
The World Champion topped the times in both Free Practice sessionsRead more »
McLaren Pull-Rod Suspension Causing Setup Pains
The team may be lamenting their choice to switch from push rod suspension this year.Read more »
Mercedes factory is 'working better'
Nico Rosberg assures that the Mercedes outfit is much stronger than 2012 and admits that he will be trying to improve from Hamilton. Read more »
Ferrari expectations On Massa increases
2012 saw a partial return to form for Felipe Massa, which has resulted in elevated pressure from Ferrari.Read more »
Melbourne Preview: Answering some of the questions
The Australian Grand Prix mark the start of the season that once again, is full of uncertainties. Read more »
Rosberg could beat Hamilton with 'other strengths'
The German will have the challenge of beating a motivated and usually very Fast Hamilton. Read more »
Your Comments
Next F1 Race
Formula 1 News
Five things we learned from Malaysian GP
Ferrari says Mercedes still has best car
Points but no champagne for prodigy, 17
F1 Standings
|Lewis Hamilton
|Sebastian Vettel
|Nico Rosberg
|Felipe Massa
|Kimi Räikkönen
|Felipe Nasr
|Williams F1
|Scuderia Toro Rosso
|Red Bull Racing
Last F1 Race
Nico Rosberg
Lewis Hamilton


text:
The sequencing revealed virtually all potentially cancer-causing chromosomal translocations and genetic deletions and mutations that may have resulted in this cancer's development. The study involved taking the very long strands of genetic material from the cancer cells and sheering them, or cutting them up randomly. Billions of different DNA fragments from this cancer were simultaneously read with next generation sequencing technology. The genetic material was analyzed more than a billion times to ensure the results would be both highly sensitive and accurate, Nelson said.
"This was the most thorough sequencing analysis of an individual cancer cell line that has been performed to date," Nelson said. "We developed specific informatics tools to help with the analysis and used the most powerful technology available. As scientists, we previously didn't know most of the mutations that occur within a given cancer we're blind to them. Now this new technology allows us to look at every single cancer and decode that cancer genome completely so there's no chance we're missing a mutation that may be causing the disease."
Knowing the genes that are mutated and driving the cancer's growth could allow clinicians to choose therapies most suited to attack the specific molecular signature of that patient's disease to provide more effective treatment. The sequencing also could reveal a molecular abnormality that is driving the cancer, unveiling a target that could lead to the development of new therapies that home in on cancer cells and leave the healthy cells alone.
Patient-specific diagnostics also could be developed to monitor for cancer recurrence, Nelson s
|Contact: Kim Irwin
University of California - Los Angeles


text:
$550—$660 1—2 bed 9670 Berry Plaza, Omaha NE, 68127
: from $550 1—2 bed
9670 Berry Plaza, Omaha, 68127
Commute to Downtown Papillion
The rent at Cimarron Hills Apartments ranges from $550 for a one bedroom to a $660 two bedroom. Apartments in this building are about 24% less expensive than the Omaha average.
This apartment is in Omaha. Nearby parks include Bay Meadows Park, Mockingbird Hill Park and Applewood Heights.
Cimarron Hills Apartments has a Walk Score of 42 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so most errands require a car.
Welcome to Cimarron Hills Apartments located in Southwest Omaha, Nebraska. This apartment community offers spacious newly remodeled one and two bedroom apartments for rent with huge patios and balconies, beautiful golf course or courtyard views, and a clubhouse featuring a fitness facility and community room. br br Lounge by our sparking swimming pool or play on the children's playground. You'll love our relaxed and quiet atmosphere that is just steps from major grocery stores, quaint restaurants, movie theaters, and other entertainment. With Interstate 80 close by, you can reach anywhere in Omaha within minutes. Ask about our cost effective corporate suites, which are available at a lower expense than most hotels in the metro area.
Josie Marie
Aug 02, 2014
These apartments are a HEALTH HAZARD. When we first moved in everything was half painted, there was paint on the floor that the painters never even bothered to clean up, the shower wouldn't drain because it was so clogged with past residents hair, black mold practically filled our closet which held our furnace, and when we told our landlord about the mold she sent the maintenance man to come fix it and all he did was spray paint over it WITHOUT even cleaning it off the walls. They're horrible with communication, they never get any requests right and never know whether or not they left us notes advising us when our lease was going to end and anything we had to have done in order to not get charged after our lease ended. The AC quit working in the middle of Summer and took over a week to fix. Our condensation line broke and water was leaking from our ceiling and when we called to have it fixed it took two days just to get someone there and when he finally did get there all he did was paint over the spot where the paint had gotten ruined, nothing actually got FIXED. There is drug activity like crazy, multiple times we had witnessed drug deals being made right outside our window, and people smoking Marijuana on their decks in broad daylight. Our pickup got broken into and everything was taken out of the toolbox. NOT A FAMILY FRIENDLY LIVING ENVIRONMENT, OR ANY LIVING ENVIRONMENT AT ALL FOR THAT MATTER. Would rather live in a shack than live here ever again. The women who run the office are clearly mentally unstable and have no sense in running an apartment complex. When we moved out we were fined with bogus charges that ended up costing a few dollars shy of what the DEPOSIT was, ON TOP of our $320.00 deposit. DON'T LET THE CHEAPER RENT PRICES FOOL YOU, BECAUSE WHAT YOU PAY IS FOR TOO EXPENSIVE FOR WHAT YOU GET. This place is a joke.
Andrea Z
May 21, 2014
Stay as far away as possible unless you want problem after problem. You can be the best tenant they have, and they will treat you like crap. Upon move-out, they will hit you with bogus fines and refuse to talk to you about them. Maintenance is the biggest joke I've ever seen. Had to call them 5 times for the exact same problem but the office has "no record" of them being called. We called them for black mold in the closet and they would never acknowledge it. Said theyve never had a complaint of "mold" before. All the previous reviews seem to answer that question! Find somewhere else. As far away from Cimmaron Hills and "IRET Properties"
Emilee Jochim
Jul 25, 2013
Aweful Aweful place! Amongst a laundry list of issues- everything breaks (including the AC which took them a week to fix in the middle of JULY!) My fiances new durango was stolen, black mold in closets and on walls and the staff is extremely rude! They have no business trying to "manage" an apartment complex. Mary and Nicole are horrible. I have never seen such poor customer service in my life! The rent may be affordable, but you get what you pay for (which is crap). I DO NOT RECCOMMEND CIMERRON HILLS TO ANYONE !!!
Marissa Ann
Jul 10, 2013
Very horrible. When we first moved in the apartment was not that clean and the paint wasn't even dry. After we were there for almost 10 months everything just started falling apart. There is so much mold in the bathroom and despite telling maintenance that the vent in the bathroom doesn't work they never fixed it. Both toilets were also wobbly after we moved in and neither got fixed. Now as we are moving out we are being hit with fines left and right. They knew they could not keep the deposit and they are obviously retaliating. My friend also lives in the same apartment complex and every other week her water heater has been out and at one point the controlled access entry door would not let anyone leave her building. This place is not somewhere I would recommend living it is dangerous and the people are just plain rude.
A Google User
Apr 30, 2012
But trying to get off to the street in the mornings 7:30 to 8:30 Suc%s big time or returning to at .4:30 to 5:30 traffic is too fast for one lane entrance maintainance is nice and
Omaha, Nebraska, 68127
Most errands require a car.
Mostly flat, minimal bike lanes.
Score Details
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from Cimarron Hills Apartments.
View all Omaha apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include pool, fitness and fireplace.
Cimarron Hills Apartments is in the city of Omaha, NE. Omaha has an average Walk Score of 41 and has 408,958 residents.


text: Find Your Local NAMI NAMI Palm Beach County Address: NAMI Palm Beach County5205 Greenwood Ave.Suite 110West Palm Beach, FL 33407 Phone: (561) 588-3477 Fax: (561) 588-3499 Email Address: firstname.lastname@example.com Website: http://www.namipbc.org Serving: Palm Beach County Contacts Ms. Lynsey Poole Education Program Administrator Mr. Sean Davis Treasurer Ms. Marsha Martino Vice President Mr. Christopher Inirio Membership Contact Mr. Manuel Kushner President Marie Bloom Deckert Secretary To contact NAMI Florida or its other NAMI Affiliates, click here. Education, Training and Programs Program Dates Location Details & Registration NAMI Family-to-Family 04/15/2015 - 05/13/20156:00pm - 9:00pm (No class on Easter Monday 4/6/15) West Palm Beach 33407 Details & Registration NAMI Family-to-Family 03/26/2015 - 05/13/20156:00pm - 9:00pm (No class April 6th) Lake Worth 33460 Details & Registration NAMI Affiliate leaders: Is your information out-of-date? Update it now online or via Member Services.


text: Beans Are Outta This World By Jon Michaels August 25, 2014 4:30 AM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter NASA, Hulton Archive, Getty Images Beans are good source of fiber, however we all know what happens when one consumes to much fiber…gas! Ran across this video that may just give you nightmares the next time you eat beans. Filed Under: beans, fiber, Funny Video Category: Daily Distraction, Videos Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of 107.9 The River Recommended For You Around the Web


text:
Slain Toddler's Mom Pleads Guilty To Charges
The mother of a 1-year-old Maryland boy found dead in central Ohio has pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter and tampering with evidence.
U.S. Congressman Paul Gillmor, who served Ohio's fifth district for almost two decades, was found dead in his Washington apartment Wednesday morning. U.S. Representative Deborah Pryce shared her memories of Gillmor.
More and more Americans are traveling to China these days. Investors see an infinite market and a land of cheap labor. Tourists are drawn to its ancient wonders. One Ohioan, however, trekked to a place no American had ever been.
In less than ten years the Emerald Ash Borer has taken a devastating toll on the ash trees in the state of Michigan. And it's spreading. It's now been found in 31 Ohio counties. Without a significant breakthrough in fighting the tree killing insect, the impact here could be devastating. Two central Ohio cities, Columbus and Grandview Heights, have similar plans to deal with the invader
A GOP leadership aide says northwest Ohio Congressman Paul Gillmor has been found dead in his Washington apartment.
Scientists believe the Emerald Ash Borer entered the U.S. from China almost ten years ago. It's been killing ash trees in the Great Lakes region ever since. The city of Ann Arbor, Mich., known for its thickly wooded neighborhoods, has lost most of its ash trees which made up about 15 percent of the city's urban forest. Ohio officials wonder if the same thing could happen in Columbus.


text:
Thanks For The Bailout, Suckers! GM Builds A New Plant In China
As a general rule, corporations should be able to build plants where they want, whether it's in America or elsewhere. Moreover, if they choose to go overseas, we should be asking, "Why is that?" Are our corporate taxes too high? Do we have too many regulations? Is there something else that we can do as a nation to be more business-friendly, to keep building plants here in America, so that we can employ more people and rake in more taxes?
However, it's a little different with a company like General Motors.
Taxpayers lost more than 10 billion bailing out GM because Obama thinks it's fine for his corporate allies to embrace capitalism on the way up and socialism on the way down. Now, GM's taking some of that money that it pilfered from us and it's building a plant in China with it.
General Motors Co. GM +1.36% said its Shanghai GM joint venture received permission from Chinese authorities to build an eight billion yuan ($1.3 billion) factory to manufacture its Cadillac brand, boosting the auto maker's ambition of becoming a larger player in China's booming luxury-car market.
"We've decided that the luxury market is going to grow and we want a bigger share," said Dayna Hart, a spokeswoman for GM in China.
Barack Obama's union pals did great and China's doing great, but how did American taxpayers make out? We got looted. Here's an idea: To hell with the new plant in China, how about paying that money to taxpayers to cover some of what we lost?
Also see...
It took a lot of guts to do what this young man did. They also offered him 20k in hush money. Fabulous. The proof in my opinion here is that...Read More
John Hawkins
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Idiot Obama Signs an Agreement With China to Unilaterally Cut US EMISSIONS (Video)
Not only does this agreement beg the question of whether Obama is evil or just stupid, it asks was this


text:
Book your room at Jardin d'Inès by Christophe Leroy
Diplomatic Suite (2 Persons)Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Ambassador Suite (2 Persons)Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Diplomatic Suite, 2 BedroomsMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 1 infant)
Ambassador Suite, 3 BedroomsMax Occupancy: 6 guests (up to 5 children, 1 infant)
Club SuiteMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Luxury Marrakech hotel in Palm Groves with full-service spa
Located in Palm Groves, this luxury hotel is within 6 mi (10 km) of Marjane Hypermarket, Jamaa el Fna, and Marrakesh Museum. Ben Youssef Mosque and Almoravid Koubba are also within 6 mi (10 km).
Hotel Features
A full-service spa, a restaurant, and an outdoor pool are available at this hotel. Free WiFi in public areas and free valet parking are also provided. Additionally, a fitness center, a bar/lounge, and a poolside bar are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 26 rooms feature thoughtful touches like bathrobes and slippers, along with conveniences such as living rooms and coffee makers. Other amenities available to guests include free WiFi, patios, and 24-hour room service.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to a full-service spa, Jardin d'Inès by Christophe Leroy features an outdoor pool and a spa tub. The hotel offers a restaurant. Guests can unwind with a drink at one of the hotel's bars, which include a poolside bar and a bar/lounge. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
This luxury hotel also offers a fitness center, a steam room, and spa services. Onsite valet parking is complimentary.
- 24-hour front desk
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Total number of rooms - 26
- Number of floors - 2
- Tennis on site
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Fitness facilities
- Full-service spa
- Turkish bath/Hammam
- Laundry facilities
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Multilingual staff
- Free valet parking
- Picnic area
- Poolside bar
- Restaurant
- Pool sun loungers
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Spa services on site
- Spa tub
- Steam room
- Supervised childcare/activities
- Outdoor pool
- Wedding services
- Fireplace in lobby
- Hair salon
- Free WiFi
- Garden
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Separate living room
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free valet parking
Room Amenities
- Patio
- Climate control
- Air conditioning
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Free bottled water
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Turndown service
- Private bathroom
- Bathrobes
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Bidet
- In-room massage available
- Slippers
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Desk
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- In-room safe
- Separate living room
- Room service (24 hours)
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
Christophe Leroy - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
24-hour room service is available.
Nearby Things to Do
An outdoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a steam room and a fitness center.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Downhill skiing nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Yoga classes/instruction on site
Spa Services
Guests can pamper themselves with a trip to the onsite spa, which has 20 treatment rooms. Services include massages, facials, and body treatments. The spa is equipped with a spa tub and Turkish bath/hammam.
- Number of treatment rooms 20
- Spa tub in spa
- Massages
- Body treatments
- Facial treatments
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at noon
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Pets allowed, Maximum number of pets per room 2, Pet maximum weight in kg is 5
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Tourism fee: MAD 49.50 per person, per night
- Energy surcharge: MAD 200 per accommodation per night
- Resort fee
- Breakfast fee: MAD 185 for adults and MAD 92.50 for children (approximately)
We should mention
A resort fee is included in the total price displayed. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Awards & Affiliations
- The property is a member of the Small Luxury Hotels of the World.
Spa Discount Promotion
Book a stay in any room or rate category for travel anytime and receive the following:
- Coupon for 25% discount on spa treatments
Golf Discount Promotion
Book a stay in any room-only rate category for travel anytime and receive the following:
- Coupon for 30% discount on golf green fees


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Latest Blogs, Articles, and More
Pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian cancer had a 2.5-month progression-free survival benefit when receiving fosbretabulin plus Avastin compared with Avastin alone; however, hypertension rates doubled.
Eligibility criteria set for coverage of low-dose computed tomography for individuals deemed at high risk for lung cancer may actually exclude many potential lung cancer patients who would benefit from screening, according to a new study.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Jadenu (deferasirox) for the treatment of chronic iron overload, a condition that can affect patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), sickle cell disease and thalassemia.
The FDA has updated the label for Zytiga plus prednisone to include data that detailed a significant prolongation in overall survival for Zytiga versus placebo in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Spunky Sitcom Star and Lung Cancer Survivor Valerie Harper to Keynote Extraordinary Healer™ Award Ceremony Honoring Oncology Nurses
Valerie Harper, the actress best known as Rhoda Morgenstern on the 1970s sitcoms "Rhoda" and "The Mary Tyler Moore Show," will be the keynote speaker at the upcoming award ceremony honoring oncology nurses, CURE magazine announced today. Harper, who is living with terminal cancer, will address attendees of the Oncology Nursing Society's 40th Annual Congress on April 23 in Orlando, Fla.


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Brochure Design
Closed - This job posting has been filled.
Job Description
The brochure will be a 2 page (front and back 11 x 8.5) - landscape that will have almost 90% design elements from here:
I will provide a more detailed drawing to the selected designer.
Instead of the shows, the brochure will have about 40 pairs of eye glasses.
Looking to finish this by June 17th.
Please make a note that I am looking to find that awesome designer who can provide quality on regular basis.
Thanks and looking forward to your response.


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EFF Jumps In To Defend Bloggers Being Sued By Prenda 87
from the you're-going-down dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
Prenda found someone to represent them. Orly Taitz.
Ken from Popehat is awesome, but he does not personally provide representation to all the defendants he covers in his blog; nor does his law firm. (He has represented defendants in important first-amendment cases, but he writes about far more cases on his blog than he personally handles.)
What Ken does is send out the "Popehat Signal" -- basically, writing up the cases on his blog and asking for help -- in hopes of finding local lawyers who are willing to represent those defendants pro bono.
While this is certainly good, it is different from what the EFF does, which is actually provide counsel at their own expense. Ken doesn't have to pay a penny (well, hosting charges...) to send out the Popehat Signal. You shouldn't judge the two activities by the same standards.
Further, the EFF has newsletters, a website, and so on, in which they also engage in similar publicity activities to Ken.
Make it right before you make it faster.


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Econo Lodge
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
- Continental Breakfast
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wheelchair accessibility
- Free parking
Photos of Econo Lodge
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Boston in the Fall
... of them. Finally home for the evening. Been a nice day.
October 11th-Saturday-Woke to rain! The TV guy called and asked if he could come now instead of Monday and we were glad. The power box in the closet has been beeping every 15 minutes since before I arrived in Boston! A new battery and no more beeps! That is now fixed, and much quieter here. Stayed home all day and then I fixed sirloin steaks and sweet potatoes for dinner, with a ...
It's October already??
... to do, I looked into finding a job on campus but I don't have work study so that makes it very difficult to get a job, especially a month into the semester. So I am now focusing my efforts at getting an internship at a theater nearby. Since it is what I want to do once I graduate, it would be amazing to have real experience on my resume before I start looking for jobs and co-ops next year. So if anyone has connections to Boston area theaters, let me know! ...
I got my visa!!!
... in a bruise.
When I walked into the consulate office, I think they probably knew who i was before I even said anything. I handed them my paper and was told to wait. I sat down, but then realized if I was going to be there for a few minutes, I would use the restroom. When I came back, I returned the key and the lady was holding a passport. She told me to hold on a sec and explained to me that they had just printed ...
... The church was quite small. They asked for a small donation, although it was not mandatory. I've seen a lot of churches in my travels and a lot that were better than this one, but I did enjoy the brick structures here and the inside was filled with small booths rather than pews, which I thought was interesting. I guess families may have all sat in one booth. This would have made it hard to see what was going on because the walls in the booth ...
Boston - Historical
... with only one person taking the declaration forms. Not the best welcome.
However I followed the instructions from the hostel's website and was able to take the Metro to the door, which was good. Also a kind man lifted my bag on and off the terminal shuttle bus. He was there with his children and wife and I was very thankful. I can lift my own bag,but it was a busy bus and being ...


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posted Nov 30 2012 11:14AM
So the other day Jojo my co-worker and I were messing with each other and I started to rip on what she was wearing because it was lil frumpy and grandma-ish....She started saying "well you're all Edge Appareled out today because you have to be on TV" I looked at what I was wearing and she was right EVERY piece of clothing I was wearing was from Edge Apparel....But then I got thinking EVERYTHING I OWN AND WEAR DAILY IS FROM EDGE! They have the best clothes from all of the best designers...It's the clothes I wear, all of my friends wear and to be honest when I am out and see a guy with good swag HE TOO is wearing clothes that are Edge Apparel! Get in and see for yourself today. 801 N. Mayfair Rd or look them up online at Edgeapparel.net....Heck you may even get a killa deal because Edge has specials the whole month of December baby!!!! Time to get YOUR Edge on...don't ya think!?!?!?!
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Ten dollars won't get you a lot these days: a couple of gallons of gas, a movie ticket, a meal to-go, or for the home decor lover, a candle if you're lucky. But what if Alexander Hamilton could get you a fresh update for all your favorite spaces? We wanted to find out, so we scoured our "Deal of the Day" blog for fun, functional decor to style every room for just $10 or less. Take your pick of these frugal finds and stay tuned. Next week we're unveiling the $5 delights!
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Last minute agony for stiffs
Filed: Thursday, 29th September 2005
By: Matthew O'Greel
West Ham's reserves blew the chance to challenge the leaders at the top of the FA Premier Reserve League South last night by conceding a last minute equaliser at Leicester.
Kevin Keen's side had led 2-1 thanks to second half goals from Hogan Ephraim and Ishmael Welsh after initially falling behind 19 minutes into the second period.
But despite finding themselves reduced to ten men after defender Liam Norvel was sent off five minutes from time the home side - who had lost four of their first five games of the season - grabbed a point thanks to a 30-yard free-kick from Alan Sheehan.
The Hammers had sent a strong side out, with Keen's team including plenty of players with first team experience.
Shaka Hislop, James Collins, Elliott Ward, Chris Cohen, David Bellion and Hogan Ephraim had all played for the first team just seven days earlier in the 4-2 Carling Cup win at Sheffield Wednesday.
Next up for the Hammers is a trip to Chelsea on Monday, 10 October. Keen's side are currently fourth in the Reserve League with 10 points from six games behind Tottenham (10 from four), Charlton (13 from five) and leaders Arsenal (13 from six).
West Ham United: Hislop (Reed 45), Henry, Clarke, Collins (White 10), Ward, Cohen, Bellion (Welsh 65), Cowley, Stokes, Ephraim, Williams.
Related NewsWest Ham rejected Amalfitano offer [3rd Feb 2015]
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West Ham Utd 2-0 Leicester City [20th Dec 2014]
West Ham Utd vs Leicester City: live [20th Dec 2014]
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Officials estimate that improved self-reporting could save $548 million, and that technology to improve the management and productivity of field workers could result in $2.3 billion in savings.
Obama administration officials have vigorously defended what they say was a thorough and careful investigation into the Sony hack that laid the blame on North Korea.
Federal customers can't use a blanket purchase agreement with OASIS, but they can use task orders to accomplish the same thing.
A fee decrease is among the changes taking place for the outgoing SEWP IV vehicle.
Experts questioning the FBI's presentation of evidence against North Korea argue that making an arguably ambiguous case is counter-productive to U.S. efforts to build norms in cyberspace.
GSA's innovation lab is asking vendors to showcase their talents by explaining how they would revamp the FedBizOpps website.
Steve Kelman wonders whether a supposed trend toward normal business hours would ease federal workers' burdens -- or actually represent a boost in productivity.
Upgrades to NOAA's two supercomputers should mean more accurate day-to-day and long-term forecasting.
Behavioral analysis could make continuous diagnostics and mitigation more effective than ever.
News and notes from around the federal IT community.
The new Congress should focus reform efforts on doing away with existing regulations rather than adding new ones, says the assistant secretary of the Navy for research, development and acquisition.
Though DOD is months away from making an award in its $11 billion electronic health record contract, IBM and health record partner Epic are readying plans to transform the way the military provides health care to service members and families.
CBP leadership contends that the inspector general's criticism is too simplistic a way to look at the efficacy of border technology.
A draft RFP is aimed at streamlining support for Defense Department information networks.
FITARA has the potential to force real change, Alan Balutis writes -- but not if legislators take their eyes off the ball on implementation.
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