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v- 10. 1970 K. D. STEPHENS. JR 3,539,712
MAGNETIC RECORDING AND REPRODUCING APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY REPRODUCING SEPARATE INFORMATION Filed Jan. 24, 1966 4 Sheets-Sheet i 45 5 F|g.2 I 440 -l4b Fw1 l4c l4d 4 (moron) H96 I 71 7O FigZ k w I J (prior art) 7 SIGNAL SCAN. PREAMP SIGNAL) VIDEO moo. SYST for 'for heods- DEMOD. v
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ATTORNEY Nov. 10, 1970 MAGNETIC RECORDING AND K D. STEPHENS. JR
REPRODUCING APPARATUS AND METHODS 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 9- r PREAMP VIDEO SE50 for heads DEMOD. E E, SIGNAL SCAN. 6 s 70 OUT IN ALTER MOD NATOR G S 1%; SYST, 70,7ea -PREAMP VIDEO IN l6 4| for heads DEMOD. TWO Mmo OUT 19 Fi .IO VIDEO PREAMH ONE F20 '3 W for heads DEMOD. EKTAEMQ VlD FRAME SIGNAL SCAN 6w L IN ATE MOD SYSTfor q q $5 VIDEOR News EAMP Over ALT. SYST. ,zeowo PR 4 IN Q40 forheclds DEMOD ALT "W 1 '9 OUT 2s I GATING F|g.Il 4 r" lGNAL TES 2%? r PREANAP GEN. 7 forheads DEMOD. vIDEO S'GNAL, $1=or SYST. 7,60 ,70 *PREAMh for heads DEMOD 4o soeyo 24 Hg. I2
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MAGNETIC RECORDING AND REPRODUCING APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR SIMULTANEQUSLY REPRODUCING SEPARATE INFORMATION Filed Jan. 24, 1966 4 Sheets-Sheet &
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PLAYBACK (MULTICHANNEL) ATTORNEY United States Patent US. Cl. 178--5.4 32 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Disclosed herein are several methods and devices, including particular magnetic head configurations, for recording and reproducing high frequency signals, such as video, on a magnetic medium. Additional reproducing heads arranged in a predetermined spaced relationship with respect to conventional magnetic transducers are employed in different ways to enable the recording and playback of information. Delayed signals may be provided for extending the duty cycle of individual sequential color signals for enhancement thereof. In one embodiment a video recording mechanism includes a pair of conventional magnetic transducers spaced apart 180 and mounted in the same plane. An additional pair of similar heads is stacked above the conventional heads by a distance equal to one magnetic track width of recorded information. Other arrangements are disclosed wherein the spacing of the sets of heads are diiferent from one track width or offset from one another. Electronic circuits for use with such head configurations for providing various recording and playback functions are disclosed.
This invention relates to the recording and/ or reproducing of high frequency signals, and more particularly to a system, including method and apparatus, for recording and reproducing of video on a magnetic tape.
In video tape recorders of the prior art, no known attempt has been made to utilize an on-tape delay technique as described in this specification to obtain the advantages listed below.
In accordance with this invention there is provided a novel system, including method and apparatus, for recording periodic video signals in substantially parallel tracks on a recording medium. On playback, the present system accommodates concurrent scanning of separate recorded tracks using a plurality of reproducing heads which are disposed in such a manner as to continuously present two or more heads to said recording medium at any point intime, each head reproducing one separate though substantially parallel track, with one head providing an on-tape output delayed by a certain interval of time relative to another. This on-tape delay is useful in: (a) achieving elimination of disturbances in the reproduced picture pertaining to a given source by substituting the delayed video for the normal video Where the normal video is defective; (b) accommodating high quality multi-channel programming by reproduction of video derived from separate sources; (0) producing high quality sequential color by extending the duty cycle, i.e. increasing the ratio of on time to oil time for each color channel.
In this way a number of important advantages, not obtainable using the prior art, are achieved by the present invention in its various embodiments.
One primary object of this invention is the novel elimination of noise and dropouts in the reproduced image signal.
3,539,712 Patented Nov. 10, 1970 Another significant object of the present invention, unique with respect to the prior art, is high quality multichannel programming effectively multiplying information storage capabilities on a given length of magnetic tape and video reproduction equipment, with several separate output channels being simultaneously reproducible. Multiangle and three-dimensional viewing is also attainable.
Still another important object of this invention relates to duty cycle extension for sequentially codified information, as, for example, in 60-cycle field sequential color video reproduction.
One further significant object of this invention is the provision of a method of and an apparatus for achieving all of the above advantages while retaining compatibility with conventional recorders.
These and other objects and features of this invention will become more fully apparent from the ensuing description and appended claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIGS. 1-4, inclusive, schematically represent a typical state-of-the-art video recorder. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 portray the scanning head configuration in perspective and in plan, respectively. FIG. 3 schematically displays the recorded pattern developed on the magnetic tape in this configuration. Lastly, FIG. 4 is a block diagram representative of signal flow emanating from said configuration;
FIGS. 5-8, inclusive, depict a novel embodiment which may be utilized in accordance with the present invention. FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate plan and edge views, respectively, of one presently preferred scanning disc assembly, while FIGS. 7 and 8 represent block diagrams of signal flow for two methods of utilization of such a scanning disc assembly.
FIGS. 9 and 10 each schematically represent a block diagram of signal flow in another method of utilization of the scanning disc configuration depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6.
FIG. 11 diagrammatically represents in block, signal flow in still another method of utilization of the configuration illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
FIGS. 12-15, inclusive, depict another novel embodiment of this invention. FIGS. 12 and 13 are a plan and an edge perspective view, respectively, of another scanning disc assembly configuration. FIG. 14 represents a recorded pattern developed by this configuration, while FIG. 15 represents a recorded pattern developed by this configuration.
FIGS. 16 and 17 show a plan and an edge perspective view of still another scanning disc configuration;
FIGS. 18-2'0, inclusive, illustrate still another presently preferred embodiment of this invention. FIGS. 18 and 19 are a plan and an edge perspective view, respectively, of the scanning disc configuration of this embodiment, while FIG. 20 represents a recorded pattern developed by this configuration;
FIGS. 21-24, inclusive, represent still a further embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 21 is a perspective representation, FIGS. 22 and 23 are two edge views, and FIG. 24 represents a recorded pattern developed by this configuration;
FIGS. 25-28, inclusive, represent, in schematic perspective, various scanning head hookups, each having certain advantages; and
FIG. 29 is a block diagram of a presently preferred head hookup switching arrangement.
PRIOR ART Briefly, in the state-of-the-art recorder schematically depicted in FIGS. 1-4, a length of magnetic tape 4 is arranged to be advanced in a helical configuration around head drum cylinder, generally designated 1. The tape 4 is positioned by two tape guides 5 so as to successively present the tape surface to first one and then the other of two rotating heads 6 and 7 mounted on scanning disc 2 (which disc is exaggerated in the vertical throughout the drawings of this specification). This produces a recorded pattern in the form of parallel tracks 12a, 12b, 12c, etc., recorded by heads 6 and 7 diagonal to the length of the tape. Generally, the scanning disc rotates in a direction substantially opposite to the movement of the tape. Although a 180 scan two-head configuration is shown, other configurations such as 360 scan have also been employed in the past. In the recording of video, as is well known in the art, even and odd field vertical intervals 14a, 140, etc. and 14b, 14d, etc. respectively, are laid down at each edge of the designated scanned tape area such that head switch-over takes place during these intervals, often during the back portch of the vertical blanking interval.
In general block form, illustrated in FIG. 4, state-ofthe-art recorders have consisted of a signal modulator system 16 wherein the incoming video-frequency modulates a radio frequency carrier, the resultant of which feeds the scanning heads 6 and 7 which magnetically impregnate a passing tape 4, using scanning system 17. During playback, the previously recorded signals carried by the tape 4 are scanned by the heads 6 and 7, the signal paths of which may mechanically overlap making electronic switching desirable, through preamplifier 11 and signal demodulator system 18 where the original modulating signal is recovered.
In accordance with the present invention, FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a novel head configuration for achieving ontape delay, as will become more fully apparent as the description proceeds.
This embodiment comprises use of a pair of conventional heads 6 and 7 positioned as are the heads of FIGS. 1 and 2, and a pair of heads 60 and 70 which are mounted on the scanning disc 2 so that their gap centers are horizontally aligned but vertically spaced by substantially one track width w from heads 6 and 7, respectively, so as to be concerned with information one track removed from the position of the track concerning normal heads 6 and 7.
Thus, by use of the configuration of FIGS. 5 and 6, dropout and noise elimination can be achieved in at least two Ways, e.g. illustrated in block diagram in FIGS. 7 and 8.
Specifically, in the record mode, only the normal set of scanning heads 6 and 7 (or, alternatively, the heads 60 and 70) is activated, and recording of the incoming video from a single source proceeds in the conventional way. Thus, the first conventional head 6 lays the diagonal track 12a (FIG. 3) on the magnetic tape corresponding with the first incoming video field, for example, the even field. When head 6 has passed through an angle of approximately 180", contact with the tape is lost, and the second conventional head 7 is in position to record the track 12b (FIG. 3) directly adjacent to the first track 12a, and corresponding with the second incoming video field, this time the odd field. It can be seen that, in this mode of operation, the present embodiment is completely compatible with conventional state-of-the-art devices, whereby conventional uses are easily accommodated and in many cases allowing recorded tape interchangeability with such recorders. This recording process is repeated for the entire length of the programming, alternate tracks being serially recorded by alternate heads as the heads are brought into registry with the tape. Thus, at this point in time, the full information originating from a single video source will have been recorded successively upon the diagonal tracks of the tape in & second segments.
However, in the playback mode of operation, normal heads 6 and 7 are directly coupled through scanning systern 40 by suitable means (see FIGS. 2528) to conventional preamplifier 11. Moreover, additional heads 60 and are likewise coupled into a duplicate preamplifier 13 during playback.
Now, since additional heads 60 and 70 are mounted such as to be brought into registry with the tape one track width behind normal heads 6 and 7 relative to the direction of tape motion, the resultant signal output from the preamplifier 13 (fed by heads 60 and 76) will be delayed by & second with respect to the signal output of the preamplifier 11. This corresponds to the time interval of one video field, and, thus, the two signals will be precisely in synchronism at the two preamplifier outputs. This precise synchronism is very important with respect to not only dropout elimination but also relative to color television as will become more fully apparent subsequently. This phenomenon is one example of on-tape utilization according to the present invention. As a consequence, one normal head, e.g. head 6, passes across a given track second before the additional head, e.g. head 70, becomes concerned with the same track.
Several methods of dropout elimination can be achieved by use of the described embodiment. FIG. 7 schematically depicts one such method, wherein gate 34 is arranged so as to' normally pass the dropout RF signal from the normal preamplifier 11. However, in the case the output from this preamplifier is defective such as during a dropout, gate 34 instantaneously selects or switches to the output of the other preamplifier 13 for the duration of the disturbance. One suitable gate, well known in the art, is a simple high-speed diode switch, which normally uses a number of diodes corresponding to each input source. The output of gate 34, whether from a preamplifier 11 or 13, always feeds the conventional demodulator system. 18 which thereby produces substantially dropout-free video.
In FIG. 8 a similar sequence is followed with respect to that depicted in FIG. 7 and above described. The two outputs from preamplifiers 11 and 13, however, feed two separate demodulator components, 18 and 19, respectively. The two video signals from said demodulators, as a result, are fed into a gate 36, which is similar to gate 34, the gate normally passing the signal from demodulator 18. Whenever a disturbance occurs in the signal from the demodulator, however, switching means of suitable type are provided to instantaneously pass the signal from the duplictae demodulator 19. Hence, the resultant output is freed from dropout and noise disturbances. Thus, when the normal output signal carries a blemish (e.g. noise, dropout, etc.) the delay signal is substituted for the duration of the disturbance and, for example, the television viewer in the absence of other intervening circumstances, will witness a substantially disturbance-free picture.
EMBODIMENTS OF FIGURES 9 AND 10 FIGS. 9 and 10 represent in block form two methods of achieving another utilization of the head configuration shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, i.e. multi-channel programmmg.
With reference to FIG. 9, when in the record mode, only the normal set of scanning heads 6 and 7 (or alternatively heads 60 and 70) is activated, and recording from two or more incoming video sources is accomplished by means of a suitable alternator 20 of some known type which switches between the heads 6 and 7 at a certain rate, for example, at 60 cycles per second. The alternator output is serially fed into the conventional signal modulator system 16 and a scanning system 41, such that alternate tracks on the tape contain recorded information received from separate sources. For example, alternate tracks, 12a, 120, 12a, etc., (FIG. 3) will record information from only one of tWo input sources, for example, Video One, while the interleavened parallel tracks 12b, 12d, 12 etc., solely records information from the sec- 0nd Video Two source.
During playback, both the normal heads 6 and 7 and the additional heads 60 and 70 are activated, heads 6 and 70 being suitably coupled into one preamplifier 11 and heads 7 and 60 being appropriately coupled into a second separate preamplifier 13.
Dual programming is readily achieved using this embodiment of the present invention since heads 6 and 70 are concerned only with the information found on alternate tracks, for instance Video One, and heads 7 and 60 are concerned only with the information found on the interleavened tracks, in this case Video Two. Now, since heads 60 and 70 are mounted such as to be offset from heads 6 and 7 by one track width w, the resultant output signal segment from head 70 will serially comprise a reproduction of the same segment reproduced second earlier by head 6. Likewise, the output signal segment from head 60 will serially comprise a reproduction of the same segment reproduced second earlier by head 7. Thus, the information from video source One is coupled into preamplifier 11 in the following field sequence; 1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 5, etc., and the information from video source Two is coupled into preamplifier 13 in the complementary sequence; 2, .2, 4, 4, 6, 6, etc.
Each preamplifier 11 and 13 feeds a separate demodulator, i.e. units 18 and 19, and their resultant separate video outputs constitute the essence of the mentioned multichannel programming.
FIG. depicts another multi-channel configuration wherein the input alternator operates at video frame rate, usually cycles per second, and, consequently, yields an on-tape recorded pattern containing two adjacent tracks of Video One information, comprising a X second frame which includes two fields, followed by two adjacent tracks of Video Two information, also comprising a second frame.
The head configuration and operation during the record mode are similar to that described in conjunction with FIG. 9, i.e. only one set of heads located in the same horizontal plane are used, either, heads 6 and 7 or heads 60 and 70, the distance between the horizontal planes occupied by the head sets being equal to an amount 2w. The distance 2w accommodates multi-channel playback incorporating the on tape delay principle of reproducing the recorded pattern, which pattern comprises two adjacent tracks of video one information followed by two adjacent tracks of video two information.
During playback, all heads are activated and the outputs from normal heads 6 and 7 are coupled into one preamplifier 11, and the outputs from additional heads 60 and 70 being likewise coupled into a separate preamplifier 13. Hence, two separate demodulators, 18 and 19, respectively, are separately fed and the separate outputs are coupled into individual inputs of a SO-cycle changeover alternator 32.
Video One is first received as fields comprising a given frame from heads 6 and 7. The same frame is immediately thereafter received from heads 60 and 70. While Video One is being received in the mentioned delayed frame from heads 60 and 70, Video Two is being received in the following frame from the next two adjoining tracks through heads 6 and 7 During the following 4 of a second, Video Two receives a delayed signal for the last mentioned frame. Since the output from each head set directly represents all of the on-tape information content, the signal from the set comprising heads 60 and 70 lags the signal from the normal set comprising heads 6 and 7 by second. Hence, means such as the mentioned changeover alternator must be employed to direct the signal from each set at a certain interval, such as second, into the proper output channel.
Thus, the duty cycle is extended. Duty cycle as used in this specification means the ratio of on time to off time of recorded information with respect to a given channel during playback.
As a result, the full nominal 525 horizontal scan lines are used, whereby maximum picture resolution potential is realized for each channel.
The changeover alternator 32 or the like might be located elsewhere in the system, as for instance, between head sets and preamplifiers or between preamplifiers and demodulators, so as to switch video, as shown, or to switch R.F., as the situation requires.
Besides pertaining to applications involving multiprogramming of separate and unrelated source materials, this concept is applicable as well to matters in some way related in time and/or space. One such use is in the achievement of simultaneous multi-angle viewing, as in surveillance applications, accomplished simply by directing video from a camera at each of two or more separate vantage points into the separate multi-channel inputs.
By the same token, if the views conveyed by these video sources comprise two angles representative of threedimensional reproduction, these signals can in like manner be processed through the separate multi-channel recorder inputs. At playback, three-dimensional reproduction equipment of suitable known type is employed. One method known in the art utilizes superimposed television images from two separate monitors which receive right and left channel information respectively. Each monitor faceplate contains a transmission type light polarizing material the plane of which is at right angles to the other. In this manner, left and right channel information can be directed to the proper eye of a viewer Wearing eye glasses correspondingly polarized who will consequently witness a three-dimensional image.
FIG. ll is represents, in block form, one way to achieve still another method of utilization of the configuration of FIGS. 5 and 6, i.e. for duty cycle extension of sequential information as in field sequential color reproduction.
In the record mode, only the normal set of scanning heads 6 and 7, or alternatively, heads 60 and 70, is activated, and recording of the sequential information proceeds in a manner as earlier described. Hence, the first head 6 lays a diagonal track 12a on the magnetic tape corresponding, for example, to a red even field of video. This track is followed by another 12b, laid on by the dihedral head 7, and corresponding to a blue odd field of video. The following track is laid down by head 6, and this time corresponds to a green even field, followed by a track 12d from head 7 for a red odd field, a track 120 from head 6 for a blue even field, and a track 12f from head 7 for a green odd field. At this point, head 6 is ready to record a track corresponding to a red even field, and thereafter the record cycle proceeds as set forth in the table below.
The playback mode proceeds as indicated by the block diagram FIG. 11, which is in part similar to the block diagram of FIG. 8, (which pertains to dropout elimination). All four heads are activated and connected such as to pass the normal signal train through one preamplifier 11 and demodulator 18 and a signal train in substantially perfect synchronism but delayed by one field second) through a second preamplifier 13 and demodulator 19.
At this point, the video output from the normal demodulator 18 is sampled by suitable means such as a gating waveform generator 21, which detects a color coded trigger signal of the suitable form from which it develops and supplies switching signals to red/blue/ green gate systems. The first gate 22 is fed by video from the normal demodulator 18, and the second gate 24 is fed by the duplicate demodulator 19 so that each discriminates between red, blue and green fields, and channels each color field to a separate output. Of course, other colors or hues could be used, if desired.
The corresponding red, blue, and green outputs from each gate system are now mixed in red, blue, and green mixers, 26, 28 and 30 respectively.
on the order of the smallest whole multiple of a distance h, where h equals distance on tape between horizontal information intervals. The distance it is approximately .041" for the recorder presently being utilized for test purposes. On this recorder, for example, the smallest Time sequence, sec.
Color sequence ,60, Aio, A0, $60, $60, An, even field odd field even field odd field even field odd field Record:
d Headfi Head7 Blue Head 7 Head 6 Green.
Blue H Green Head 60 2 Head 6 Head 70 2 Head 6..
. Headfi Head 70 2 Head7 Head 60 Z ead7 Head 60 2 Headfi Head 70. Head 7.
Head 7.
1 Normal. 2 Delayed.
Hence, the field sequential duty cycle, which is only /3 using the prior art, is extended to /3 by the present invention because each train of information is played twice, one during normal playback and once during delayed playback.
The chief advantage in the described duty cycle extension is improved quality in the resultant image. Specifically, the problem of flicker, normal apparnet in 60 cycle sequential video systems, is substantially overcome. At the same time, the embodiment of FIG. 11 yields twice the effective light output and saturation per color channel at the receiver. This configuration can be adapted for dutycycle extension of other sequential information, such as line sequential color.
EMBODIMENT OF FIGS 12-15 FIGS. 12 and 13 depict another head configuration wherein one normal head 6 is spaced 180 from a head 70, head 70 being stacked vertically above the flush position of head 6 by approximately one track width w. The normal head 6 is mounted directly adajacent an additional head '80 likewise stacked above the scanning disc by approximately one track width w. In this situation the actual stacked distance is w{-6'/180)w, where (i=the horizontal angle between adjacent normal and delay heads in degrees. Head 80 is spaced 180 from a fourth head 9, which head 9 is mounted flush on the scanning disc.
This configuration may be utilized to realize all of the aforementioned objects of the present invention, being used compatibly with conventional television equipment with the exception of recorded tape interchangability with the conventional state-of-the-art recorders which it does not exhibit.
FIG. 14 represents the recorded pattern which is obtained by the head configuration of FIGS. 12 and 13 when two incoming video sources are recorded alternately by field, first by one head 6 (e.g. even field) and then by a combination of the additional heads in a given order, such as heads 80 and 9, for a greater and lesser period of time totalling the odd video field period. FIG. 15 relates this recorded pattern to the recording of field sequential color video (for instance red/blue/green). In each, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, vertical interval periods 14a, 14b, 140, etc. are alternately staggered. Those interval periods pertaining to one field (odd in the example) are inherently spaced from one video track recording edge 10 by a distance corresponding to the horizontal spacing between adjacent head pairs 6. and 80, 70 and 9.
In one mode of operation using the configuration represented by FIGS. 12 to 15, information is recorded by either head 6 or head 9 or the two in parallel, a suitable switch being provided for selection of record mode. One suitable switch is depicted in FIG. 29 and description subsequently in text.
For such an embodiment, horizontal gap spacing between adjacent head pairs 6 and 80, 70 and 9, respectively, is critical. Preferably this spacing should not exceed proper horizontal head spacing possible is .287", resulting in a 7h time interval between the heads. Since the time interval of vertical synchronism back porch is 9 to 11h, head switching for each pair of heads may be made to take place during this vertical pulse period. This is advantageous in that no interference with actual picture content can result, switching transients and instabilities all taking place during the vertical blanking period during vision reproduction. Referring to FIGS. 12 through 15, it
is to be noted that while head 6 is in contact with the last 1 portion of a given track, head 9 comes into contact with the following track, and for an interval of time corresponding to the adjacent head horizontal distance previously referred to, is in contact with the tape surface simultaneously with head 6. If the two heads are being fed record information in parallel, it can be seen that this first interval period 12b 12d etc., recorded by head 9 will consist of the same information as for a comparable period at the end of tracks 12a, 12c, etc.
If the recorded information consists only of synchronizing pulses, however, head will scan this information when tape contact with head 9 is lost, discerning no difference between the actual vertical interval and that which would be present in the preferred configuration in which adjacent head horizontal spacing equals zero. Therefore, no color or other codified-signal contamination will result in the interval of simultaneous head contact.
EMBODIMENT OF FIGS. 16 AND 17 In FIGS. 16 and 17 there is shown still another head configuration involving a normalset of heads 6 and 7 disposed at substantially the same horizontal elevations (normally flush with the top of the scanning disc) and spaced 180 apart. Directly adjacent to each head 6 and 7, respectively, is one of two additional heads, 80 and 90, each disposed at substantially the same horizontal elevation as the other and spaced 180 apart. Each of the additional heads 80 and is stacked above the heads 6 and 7 by distance [w (9/ )w]. Thus, the heads 80 and 90 are concerned with information one track removed from that of the normal heads at any given point in time.
This configuration is best utilized for applications g wherein alternate track information channels neednt be in precise synchronism, as, for example, in multi-channel programming of separate and unrelated information channels. As is true of the configuration depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6, the embodiment of FIGS. 16 and 17 offers the advantage of complete interchangeability with state-of-theart recorders through utilization of either set of heads for conventional recording and playback. In this function, as in other compatible configurations, such as that represented by FIGS. 21-24, means could be easily employed to switch from one to the other set of heads in the event of clogging, etc. Furthermore, an unmodified conventional recorder could be used to record two video sources on a single magnetic tape using an alternator. The tape could then be placed on a recorder conforming to the present invention for full dual channel playback, thus, eifectively increasing the efficiency of many operations employing conventional recorders while decreasing the capital outlay necessary to achieve the objects ennumerated.
EMBODIMENT OF FIGS. 18-20 FIGS. 18 and 19 represent still another scanning disc configuration, and while FIG. 20 illustrates the resultant recorded tape pattern. Here, normal head 6 is spaced 180 from a head 100, which head is placed below the head 6 on the disc by a distance [w(/1-80)w]. This distance is approximately equal to the width of one track. The two heads 6 and 100 are, respectively, positioned directly horizontally adjacent two additional heads 80 and 9. The head 80 is mounted above the head 6 by distance [w- (ti/180)w], and the remaining head 9 is mounted at substantially the same horizontal elevation as is head 6.
The recorded pattern of FIG. is produced by the head configuration of FIGS. 18 and 19 when alternate video frames ,4 second) are fed in timed relation to heads 6, 100, 80, and 9, respectively, each head being op erative for a ,4 second (field) period. The Video One even field is thus recorded by head 6 on track 12a, and the Video One add field by relatively low head 100 on track 1217. However, because of the relative vertical positions of these two heads, the recorded tracks are spaced apart by one extra track width W relative to a conventionally scanned tape.
Hence, the Video Two even field is next fed to head 80 which lays down track 120 between the former two tracks 12:: and 12b because of its relatively high vertical position. This is followed by the Video Two odd field which is placed by head 9 on track 12d in the normal (fourth) position on the tape. Thus, the relative positions of the tracks 12b and 120 are effectively inverted due to the vertical relations of the head pairs.
The tape so recorded, using the head configuration of FIGS. 18 and 19, may be replayed on a recorder employing one of several previously mentioned scanning disc configurations, including the present embodiment and the embodiment shown in FIGS. 12-15. However, tapes recorded thereby are not interchangable with conventional state-of-the-art cinfiguration recordings. When utilized for dual channel programming, tapes recorded in this manner retain and permit reproduction of the full 525 horizontal line resolution contained in each video frame for each channel. This is materially advantageous over 60 cycle alternation, wherein the 262 /2 horizontal line response gives rise to picture graininess and line patterning. At the same time, due to the on-tape field order for each channel, which has an averaging effect on time between intervals of a given channel, the present embodiment overcomes to a large extent the problems of flicker, edge breakup, etc., normally associated with 30 cycle alternation.
EMBODIMENT OF FIGURES 21-24 FIGS. 21-23 depict still another scanning disc configuration and FIG. 24 the resultant recorded tape pattern. Here a normal head 6 has spaced vertically above it, substantially by distance w, a second head 60. The heads 6 and 60 have a coincident line of gap centers (i.e. where 0 is zero, with the gap centers of adjacent heads vertically aligned) perpendicular to the plane of the scanning disc, and are placed 180 from a second pair of heads 7 and 100. Head 7 is in the normal position and the second head 100 is spaced below it by substantially the distance w, said pair of heads having coincident line of gap centers perpendicular to the plane of the scanning disc.
FIG. 24 depicts the recorded pattern created upon the magnetic tape by this configuration when alternate video frames second) are fed in timed relation to heads 6,
100, 60 and 7, respectively, each head being operative for a 2 second (field) period. Thus, the Video One even field is recorded by head '6 on track 12a, and the Video One odd field by relatively low head on track 12b. However, because of their relative vertical positions, these two heads lay tracks spaced apart the width w of an extra track. The Video Two even field is next fed to head 60, which, because of its relatively high position, lays track 12c between the former two tracks. This is followed by the Video Two odd field which is placed by head 7 on track 12d in the normal (fourth) position on the tape.
The tape thus recorded may be replayed on a recorder employing one of several previously mentioned scanning disc configurations, including the present embodiment and the embodiment represented in FIGS. 5-8. This embodiment otters the same advantages as those set forth above with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 18-20. An additional advantage exists over and above those attributed to the embodiment of FIGS. 18-20, as the present system has the capacity to record and playback tapes interchangeably with conventional recorders.
FIGURES 25-28 FIGS. 25-28 are perspective views of four separate electronic scanning head hookups, each particularly suited to achieve certain advantages. All four hookups are available for any scanning disc mechanical configuration. In this case the head configuration represented in FIGS. 5-8 is illustrated and described. Preferably any one of the four hookups may be selected for use by suitable means, as for example, a rotary switch. In FIGS. 25-28, N.C. means that the designated lead has no electrical connection to the preamplifier. Roman numeral I in all cases refers to the suitable selectively settable electronics to which the head leads thereof may be electrically connected, as desired. Thus, the head sets are selectable between poistions across the outputs of the modulator 16 and the inputs (e.g. 11a and 11b of FIG. 29) of the normal preamplifier 1 1, said preamplifier embodying electronic switching means (e.g. .110 of FIG. 29) to a single output.
Roman numeral II in all cases refers to electronics over and above those found in conventional recorders, and to which the heads thereof operate as set forth subsequently. These added electronics necessarily include a preamplifier 13 similar to preamplifier 11 described above and employing similar electronic switching means.
Thus, the four hookups represented schematically by FIGS. 25-28 may be appropriately inserted into the previously mentioned proper functional block diagrams.
FIG. 25 depicts the hookup most useful for achieving objects requiring a normal output signal train and a second signal train which is in precise synchronism but delayed by a certain interval of time, such as a ,4 second, relative to the normal train. Examples of such uses include dropout elimination and codified-interval duty cycle extension, as in field sequential color reproduction. This hookup is also desirable for multi-channel reproduction during stop motion scanning.
FIG. 26 represents one useful hookup for multi-channel programming during normal running operation. The head pairs are coupled such as to be concerned only with alternate tracks with the tracks containing information from separate input sources as earlier explained.
FIG. 27 depicts a hookup interchangeable with conventional recorders, 'which hookup can be used advantageously during most of the recording modes described herein.
FIG. 28 depicts an alternate hookup likewise interchangeable with conventional recorders, and similar to FIG. 27 although 2 second delayed, which is available for conventional playback application in the event of normal channel head clogging, etc.
FIG. 29 depicts in block form one presently preferred head hook-up switching arrangement which is adapted for use in conjunction with the configuration represented in FIGS. 12 and 13 and applied to one conventional recorder. Existing within this recorder is a record/ playback relay 48 which is activated by an existing joystick operational mode control 50 which passes a DC. voltage to the mentioned relay coil in the conventional record Mode. This relay 48, when activated in this manner, connects each of the heads 6 and 9 to certain positions on an added record mode switch 44 at 44a and 4412, which selects between normal and multi-channel (Source One only or Source Two only) operation. The latter two positions pertain to the non-simultaneous recordings of two or more channels on the magnetic tape medium. In either of these latter positions, switch 44 substitutes a resistor 52, having resistance of substantially equal value, for one or the other head to render said head impotent. The normal mode of operation pertains to the recording of field sequential color and simultaneous dual programming as well as to conventional and dropout-free signal trains.
When relay 49 is in the non-activated state, it connects each of the heads 6 and 9 to separate inputs to preamplifier components 11a and 11b of the normal preamplifier 11. Between the individual inputs of preamplifiers 11 and the diode switching assembly 11c at its output, there is placed a section of a second added switch 46. Other sections of this switch 46 intervene between similar inputs to preamplifier components 13a and 13b of an additional preamplifier 13 and a diode switching assembly 13c at its output. This second switch 46 selects between normal playback, color or dropout-free reproduction, and playback of one or more multi-programmed channels simultaneously, allowing operator selection among various hookups similar to those represented by FIGS. -28.
It is to be appreciated that in the foregoing embodiments the recorded pattern can be obtained either with an even number of heads with the tape traversing essentially 180 of the scanning assembly or with half as many heads with the tape traversing essentially 360 of the scanning assembly, or further, with any recorder which produces adjacent tracks which information is in close correspondence, as are alternate video fields.
The on-tape-interval delay capabilities, as described in this specification, used to record in a repetitive manner periodic signals, as in helical scan video tape recorders, may be utilized by one of several methods of this invention to achieve advantages over the prior art. Paramount among these advantages is achievement of higher quality reproduced signals by: (a) duty cycle extension, for example to reproduce sequentially alternately recorded information, as in multi-channel programming and sequential color television and (b) elimination of random noise, dropouts and the like.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore to be embraced therein.
What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is:
1. A method of recording and playback on a video tape recorder, comprising the steps of recording with a first head successive tracks of video information on video tape, picking up video information from discrete ones of said recorded tracks of video information with said first head and a second head by scanning each of said discrete tracks first with one of said heads and then with the other of said heads to reproduce the information recorded on each discrete track a plurality of times in a predetermined time sequence, and simultaneously picking up alternate recorded tracks of video information with third and fourth heads by scanning each of said alternate tracks first with the 12 third of said heads and then with the fourth of said heads to reproduce the information recorded on each alternate track a plurality of times in a predetermined time sequence.
2. A method of duty cycle extension in the playback of video information recorded as a series of discrete successive tracks comprising positioning video head means adjacent each successive track and sequentially scanning each entire track at least two times, said video head means including four magnetic reproducing heads spaced to coincide with respective tracks, each of the discrete tracks being scanned by one head a predetermined period of time after a second of said heads respectively scans each of the same discrete tracks, and each of alternate tracks being scanned by a third of said heads a predetermined period of time after a fourth head respectively scans each of the same alternate tracks. 3. A method of recording and playback using a magnetic medium for enhancing the reproduction of color sequential signals including at least two discrete color representing signals comprising the steps of receiving said color sequential signals and sequentially recording each discrete color representing signal on successive tracks on a magnetic recording medium,
playing back said recorded color representing signals in sequence, and
repeating each recorded discrete color representing signal simultaneously with the playback of a succeeding discrete color representing signal.
4. A method as in claim 3 wherein said signals are recorded by a magnetic head assembly comprising a first pair of heads mounted in a first plane and spaced apart in said plane by a radial angle of approximately degrees and said signals are played back by said first pair of heads and by a second pair of magnetic heads mounted in a second plane which is parallel to and spaced from said first plane by a distance W-(6180)W, where w is the spacing between tracks, and 0 is the angle between the gaps of respective first and second heads of each pair, 6 being greater than Zero.
5. A method as in claim 3 wherein said signals are recorded by a magnetic head assembly comprising a first pair of heads mounted in a first plane and spaced apart in said plane by a radial angle of 180 degrees, and
said signals are played back by said first pair of heads and by a second pair of magnetic heads mounted in a second plane which is parallel to and spaced from said first plane by a distance equal to an integer multiple of the recorded track width, gaps of the first heads of each pair and of the second heads of each pair being respectively aligned.
6. A method as in claim 3 wherein said color representing signals represent three primary color images.
7. A method as in claim 6 wherein said playback sequence is overlapped by playing back a next discrete recorded color representing signal while a given discrete recorded color representing signal is being repeated.
8. Magnetic recording apparatus for recording and reproducing color sequential video signals wherein magnetic transducer means is employed to record said signals on a magnetic recording medium with said signals comprising sequentially occurring information of at least two color types recorded as discrete tracks on said medium, the improvement comprising reproducing means for reproducing said recorded signals from said recording medium and providing the signals to an output, said signals applied to said output for each color type being in time a sequence of a color type and a repeat of the color type simultaneously with the reproduction of another color type, said reproducing means including a plurality of magnetic transducers of at least twice the number used for recording said signals on said recording medium. 9. Magnetic recording apparatus for recording and reproducing color sequential video signals wherein magnetic transducer means is employed to record said signals on a magnetic recording medium with said signals comprising sequentially occurring information of at least first and second color types recorded as discrete tracks on said medium, the improvement comprising reproducing means for reproducing said recorded signals from said recording medium and providing the signals to an output, said signals being applied to said output in a repetitive sequence of (a) a reproduction of a first color type, (b) a repeat of said first color type and a simultaneous reproduction of a second color type, and (c) a repeat of said second color type, said reproducing means including a plurality of magnetic transducers of at least twice the number used for recording said signals on said recording medium.
10. Apparatus as in claim 9 wherein said apparatus includes four transducers, a first pair of said transducers being used for recording said sequential color signals, and said four transducers being used for reproducing said sequential color signals,
said color signals comprising first, second and third color signals recorded sequentially on said recording medium, and said reproduction of said signals occurring in a time sequence wherein each color signal is reproduced and then repeated when the next succeeding color signal is reproduced.
11. Apparatus as in claim 10 wherein said first, second and third color signals are respectively red, blue and green color signals.
12. Apparatus as in claim 10 wherein each of said color signals comprises a video information frame composed of even and odd video fields, said signals being recorded by said first pair of transducers in the following repetitive sequence, a first of said pair of transducers records a red even field, the second of said pair records a blue odd field, the first of said pair records a green even field, the second of said pair records a red odd field, the first of said pair records a blue even field, and the second of said pair records a green odd field.
13. Apparatus for recording and reproducing video information through the use of a magnetic recording medium comprising a a first pair of magnetic transducers for respectively recording alternate tracks on said medium, said first transducers being mounted in a first plane,
a second pair of magnetic transducers, said first and second pair of magnetic transducers serving to simultaneously retrieve separately useful information recorded by said first pair of transducers, the information retrieved by said second pair of transducers being substantially one track removed from the information retrieved by said first pair of transducers and said second pair being mounted in at lease another plane spaced from said first plane by a distance equal to where w is an integer multiple of the spacing between recorded tracks on said medium, and is the horizontal angllar displacement between the first transducers of each pair of transducers in degrees and is from zero to a greater number but substantially less than 180,
means for mounting said pairs of transducers in a fixed relationship with respect to each other, and
means for imparting a predetermined relative motion between said transducers and said recording medium.
:14. Apparatus as in claim 13 wherein w is one times the center-to-center spacing between adjacent recorded tracks.
15. Apparatus as in claim 13 wherein the transducers of said second pair of transducers are mounted in a single plane.
16. Apparatus as in claim 15 wherein 0 is equal to 0 and said distance is w.
17. Apparatus as in claim 13 wherein the transducers of said second pair of transducers are mounted in two planes, the second plane being above and the third plane being below said first plane by said distance equal to w(6/l80)w.
18. Apparatus as in claim 17 wherein 0 is equal to 0 and said distance is w.
19. Apparatus as in claim 12 wherein w is two times the center-to-center spacing between adjacent recorded tracks.
20. Apparatus as in claim 19 wherein alternator means are coupled to-said first pair of magnetic transducers for receiving input video information from first and second sources and alternately supplying said information to said first pair of magnetic transducers, and
second alternator means are coupled with said first and second pairs of magnetic transducers for supplying video information outputs respectively corresponding to the recorded information of said first and second sources, each out put including playback and a repeat playback of each recorded track for each source of information.
21. Apparatus for recording video information from plural sources on a recording medium and reproducing said information comprising alternator means for receiving video information from said plural sources and alternately providing output signals from said sources,
a first group of magnetic transducers coupled with said alternator means to alternately record as discrete tracks on said recording medium said output signals supplied by said alternator means, and
a second group of magnetic transducers, said transducers of said first and second groups serving to play back information recorded on said recording medium, first transducers of each group of transducers playing back information recorded from a first of said sources, and second transducers of each group of transducers playing back information recorded from a second of said sources.
22. Apparatus as in claim 21 wherein said first and second groups of transducers comprise first and second pairs of transducers mounted in separate planes spaced apart a distance equal to the track spacing of adjacent tracks of said recording medium, the first transducer of the first pair records alternate tracks of video information from a first of said plural sources, and the second transducerof the first pair records interleaved tracks of video information from a second of said plural sources, and
the first transducer of the first pair plays back said alternate tracks and the first transducer of the second pair repeats the playback of said alternate tracks after playback by said first transducer of the first pair,
and the second transducer of the first pair plays back said interleaved tracks and the second transducer of the second pair repeats the playback of said interleaved tracks after playback by said second transducer of said first pair.
23. Apparatus as in claim 21 wherein said first and second groups of transducers comprise first and second pairs of transducers mounted in separate planes spaced apart a distance equal to two times the track spacing of adjacent tracks of said recording medium, the first transducers of the first pair records alternate tracks of video information alternately from the first and second of said plural sources, and the second transducer of the first pair records interleaved tracks of video information alternately from the first and second of said plural sources, and
the first and second transducers of the first pair respecformation on, and reproducing information from said recording medium, first and second of said transducers being coupled with said alternator means to alternately record on said recording medium said output signals supplied by said alternator means as tively playback said alternate and interleaved tracks discrete odd and even tracks, for respectively reproducing video signals from each said first and second transducers, and third and fourth of said sources, and the first and second transducers transducers being mounted with respect to each other of the second pair repeat the playback of said aland with respect to said recording medium for reternate and interleaved tracks respectively for each producing information recorded on said recording source of video information to provide a separate medium, a first pair of said transducers respectively playback and repeat thereof of the information replaying back odd and even tracks, and a second pair corded from each of said sources, the repeat of playof said four transducers repeating playback respecback for one source occurring simultaneous with tively of said odd and even tracks, and the original playback for another source. output means coupled with said four transducers to 24. Apparatus as in claim 21 wherein provide separate outputs corresponding respectively said plural sources comprise two sources and said to the information recorded from said first and second alternator means alternately provide output signals sources. from first one source and then another source, 28. Apparatus a in claim 27 wherein said first and second groups of magnetic transducers Said first transducer reproduces Said Odd tracks and each comprise a pair of transducers, the transducers said third transducer repeats said odd tracks after of the first pair being mounted in a first plane and reproduction by said first transducer, said second the transducers of the second pair being mounted transducer reproduces said even tracks and said fourth in a second plane spaced from said first plane an transducer repeats said even tracks after reproduction integer multiple of the spacing between recorded by said second transducer, and tracks on said recording medium, said first and second transducers are mounted in a the first transducer of the first pair recording alternate firs plane and said third and fourth transducers are tracks on said recording medium and the second mounted in a second plane parallel to said first plane transducer of said first pair recording interleaved spaced apart a distance equal t0 the Spacing between tracks on said recording mediu d 30 adjacent tracks, and said first and fourth transducers one of said transducers of aid fir t ir playing ba k have a coincident line of gap centers, and said second odd numbered tracks and one of the transducers of and third transducers have a coincident line of p the second pair repeating the playback of said odd C nters. numbered tracks, and another of the transducers of APPafatuS as in C aim 27 Wherein the first pair playing back even nu be d tra k d said first transducer plays back odd tracks, and said another transducer of the second pair repeating playfourth transducer repeats said odd tracks, and said back of said even track second transducer plays back even tracks and said 25, Apparatus as in laim 21 wherei third transducer repeats said even tracks. said plural sources om i t o sources d id said first and second transducers being mounted in a alternator means alternately provide Output signals first plane a d s id t ird and fourth transducers being from first one source and th n another so mounted in a second plane parallel to said first plane said first and second groups or magnetic transducers spaced p r distance equal to two times the spacing each comprise a pair of transducers, the transducers between adjacent tracks, and of the first pair being mounted in a first plan and said first and third transducers have a coincident line the transducers of the second pair being mounted of p centers, and d Second d rth ra in a second plane which is spaced from the first plane two times the spacing between adjacent recorded tracks on said recording medium,
the first transducer of the first pair records odd numbered tracks alternately from said first and second sources, and the second transducer of said first pair records even tracks alternately from said first and second sources, and
recorded signals from each of said sources is played back first by said first pair of transducers and then repeated by said second pair of transducers, the repeat by said second pair of transducers for information from one source occurring during playback of information by said first pair of transducers for the other source.
26. Apparatus as in claim 25 wherein second alternator means are coupled with said first and second pairs of transducers for alternately providing output signals recorded from said second sources.
27. Apparatus for recording units of video information ducers have a coincident line of gap centers. 30. An apparatus for recording and reproducing periodic signals comprising movable recording means fed by said signals so as to develop a magnetic field with a direct relationship to said signals,
a movable recording medium for receiving magnetic impressions developed by the recording means, said magnetic impressions being in the form of a plurality of essentially parallel tracks.
means for accepting information from at least two signal sources and for alternating said information so as to form a certain geometric relationship on the recording medium,
a plurality of reproducing means adapted so that at least two are at all times scanning said impressions to thereby develop output signals, said reproducing means each having an effective width substantially equal to the width of one said track and one head means being positioned in complementary relationship with another head means substantially one track width apart vertically such that when one head occurring at a predetermined rate from plural sources on a recording medium and reproducing said information comprising means scans one track, another head means scans an adjacent track at substantially the same interval of repetition, whereby the output signals developed by alternator means for receiving video information from said plural sources and alternately providing output signals at said rate from first one source and then a second source,
A plurality of magnetic transducers for recording inthe head means are in substantial synchronism, means creating separate outputs so as to form at least two separate signal trains during playback, each said train serially comprising first one interval of information and then a second interval of the same in- 17 18 formation, said signal means comprising information during recording one from another by an interval of from separate ones of said signal sources, and time, means t Process Said Signal trains to thereby recover means to process each of said signal trains to recover substantially all of the original information conone train exactly corresponding to the original remined in Said Signal Sources, sa d process signal corded information, and to recover a second train trains comprising separate and simultaneous multi- 0 substantially identical to the first recovery, but dechannel programming. layed by an interval of time, and 31. Apparatus as in claim 30 wherein means for gating said signal trains to discriminate besaid signal sources and resultant separate signal trains tween intervals of different color video fields and for are three in number. directing said intervals into separate mixers, said 32. An apparatus for recording and reproducing pemixers cumulatively adding said intervals in timed riodic signals comprising relation with their delayed counterpart intervals to movable recording means fed by said signals so as to thereby extend the duty cycle of each such interval.
develop a magnetic field with a direct relationship to said signals References Cited a movable recording medium for receiving magnetic UNITED STATES PATENTS impressions developed by the recording means, said 2,856,462 10/1958 Lyon 179100.2 magnetic impressions being in the form of a plurality 2,856,463 10/1958 y 179 1002 of essentially parallel tracks,
a plurality of reproducing means adapted so that at 3,157,739 1 4 Okamura 178-6.6 least two are at all times scanning said impressions 3,267,207 8/1966 Okazakl et a1 to thereby develop output signal r i said repro. 3,152,223 1 Wessels 178--6.6 ducing means each having an effective width sub- 31213 2O4 10/1965 olfamul'a 17910O-2 stantially equal to the width of n of said track 3,359,365 1967 K hara 178-6.6 and one head means being positioned i comple- 3,470,315 19 K hara 178--6.6 mentary lelfi'ElOl'lShlp With another head means ub- 314701316 9/1969 hflla 178-65 stantially one track width apart vertically such that BERNARD KONICK Primary Examiner when one head means scans one track, another head means scans an adjacent track at substantially the R. S. TUPPER, Ass st t Exam ner same interval of repetition, whereby the separate out- U S Cl X R put signal trains developed by the head means are in substantially perfect synchronism and are separated 1786.6; 179-100.2
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Southern California based melodic post band, An Ocean Wide, was formed in January 2013. Driven to make a positive impact in the industry and spread their message across the world; they jumped into studio and released their debut EP 'A Greater Purpose'. They have already taken the stage with bands as big as The Word Alive, As Blood Runs Black, Jamie's Elsewhere and many more professional artists. Currently, the band is working on their second EP with producer Eric Ferraro and scheduled to release this Fall of 2014.

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Cytomegalovirus-associated meningoradiculoneuritis after treatment of mantle cell lymphoma with a combination of chemotherapy and rituximab
- S. Vallet,
- A. Tempescul,
- A. Tran,
- M. C. Legrand-Quillien,
- V. Narbonne,
- C. Berthou
- … show all 6 hide
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Rituximab is a chimeric human/mouse monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen. It has become part of the standard therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab effectively kills lymphoma B cells and rapidly leads to the sustained depletion of peripheral blood B cells. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is incurable with standard therapy. The median survival time is short (43 months). Rituximab has been shown to trigger a response in between 20 and 38% of patients with MCL [1].
Sustained rituximab-induced B-cell depletion may compromise the immune system. Accordingly, some viral infections have already been reported in patients with NHL receiving chemotherapy in conjunction with rituximab. Here, we describe an unusual case of cytomegalovirus reactivation in one patient with MCL who had previously been treated with chemotherapy plus rituximab.
A 57-year-old man was diagnosed with cyclin D1-positive inguinal bilateral MCL, Ann Arbor stage II, in March 2003. Before the start of che ...
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- Boye, J, Elter, T, Engert, A (2003) An overview of the current clinical use of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Ann Oncol 14: pp. 520-535
- Bermudez, A, Marco, F, Conde, E, Mazo, E, Recio, M, Zubizarreta, A (2000) Fatal visceral varicella-zoster infection following rituximab and chemotherapy treatment in a patient with follicular lymphoma. Haematologica 85: pp. 894-895
- Suzan, F, Ammor, M, Ribrag, V (2001) Fatal reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection after use of rituximab for a post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. N Engl J Med 345: pp. 1000 CrossRef
- Goldberg, SL, Pecora, AL, Alter, RS, Kroll, MS, Rowley, SD, Waintraub, SE, Imrit, K, Preti, RA (2002) Unusual viral infections (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cytomegalovirus disease) after high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell rescue and peritransplantation rituximab. Blood 99: pp. 1486-1488
- Quartier, P, Tournilhac, O, Archimbaud, C, Lazaro, L, Chaleteix, C, Millet, P, Peigue-Lafeuille, H, Blanche, S, Fischer, A, Casanova, JL, Travade, P, Tardieu, M (2003) Enteroviral meningoencephalitis after anti-CD20 (rituximab) treatment. Clin Infect Dis 36: pp. e47-e49
- Hernandez, JA, Diloy, R, Salat, D, Rio, N, Martinez, X, Castellvi, JM (2003) Fulminant hepatitis subsequent to reactivation of precore mutant hepatitis B virus in a patient with lymphoma treated with chemotherapy and rituximab. Haematologica 88: pp. ECR22
- Song, KW, Mollee, P, Patterson, B, Brien, W, Crump, M (2002) Pure red cell aplasia due to parvovirus following treatment with CHOP and rituximab for B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 119: pp. 125-127
- Tsutsumi, Y, Tanaka, J, Kawamura, T, Miura, T, Kanamori, H, Obara, S, Asaka, M, Imamura, M, Masauzi, N (2004) Possible efficacy of lamivudine treatment to prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation due to rituximab therapy in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Hematol 83: pp. 58-60
- Flohr, T, Hess, GR, Kreiter, S, Meyer, RG, Huber, C, Derigs, G (2000) Immune reconstitution after autologous CD34-positive selected peripheral blood stem cell transplantation combined with rituximab for refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 96: pp. 709a
- Horwitz, SM, Breslin, S, Negrin, RS, Stockerl-Goldstein, KE, Johnston, LJ, Shizuru, JA, Taylor, T, Brown, BW, Blume, KG, Horning, SJ (2000) Adjuvant rituximab after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant results in delayed immune reconstitution with increase in infectious complications. Blood 96: pp. 707a
- McLaughlin, P, Grillo-Lopez, AJ, Link, BK, Levy, R, Czuczman, MS, Williams, ME, Heyman, MR, Bence-Bruckler, I, White, CA, Cabanillas, F, Jain, V, Ho, AD, Lister, J, Wey, K, Shen, D, Dallaire, BK (1998) Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma: half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program. J Clin Oncol 16: pp. 2825-2833
- Title
- Cytomegalovirus-associated meningoradiculoneuritis after treatment of mantle cell lymphoma with a combination of chemotherapy and rituximab
- Journal
Annals of Hematology
Volume 84, Issue 8 , pp 545-547
- Cover Date
- 2005-08-01
- 10.1007/s00277-005-1038-0
- Print ISSN
- 0939-5555
- Online ISSN
- 1432-0584
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Keywords
- Rituximab
- Cytomegalovirus recurrence
- Mantel cell lymphoma
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- S. Vallet (1)
- A. Tempescul (2)
- A. Tran (1)
- M. C. Legrand-Quillien (1)
- V. Narbonne (1)
- C. Berthou (2)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Microbiology (E.A. Biodiversity and Microbial Ecology no. 3882), University Hospital Morvan, 2 avenue Foch, 29609, Brest Cedex, France
- 2. Department of Haematology/Oncology, University Hospital Morvan, Brest, France


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Bathroom Design Headache
Hope someone can help with this one. I was aiming for a nautical theme in our bathroom with blue tiles for the floor and ceramic off white tiles on the wall which have a blueish vein in them. They look lovely but we ideally want granite to go around the bath and on units and cannot agree on what will match. White looks wrong as cannot match the wall tiles. Thinking that only option is to go for black and contrast completely. Units will be oak. Help?
Have you looked at recycled glass countertops?
They can fit your theme yet not be so over-the-top to go overboard.
The oak vanity? It sounds out of place if it'll be a traditional stained oak. Whitewashed oak maybe? Or a vanity painted a light pastel color?
Good luck with your project!
Why not a blue granite if you can coordinate it with your floor color (or pick a granite and wait on the floor tile until you have it, then coordinate it with the granite).
Traditional Bathroom by Phoenix Interior Designers & Decorators Milk and Honey Design
Here is a link that might be useful: Blue Granite ideas


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State Government says venue a 'high risk' area
Congress chief is scheduled to arrive in Bhopal on October 19
Party to decide my candidature: Suresh Pachouri
Bhopal: Hot on the heels of the Mayawati Government in Uttar Pradesh scuttling a public rally scheduled to be addressed by Congress president Sonia Gandhi in Rae Bareli on Tuesday, the BJP dispensation in Madhya Pradesh refused permission for her meeting here, citing a "high risk" venue for it.
"The permission for holding Congress president's rally was denied by the State Government on the plea that the Lal Parade ground is a high-risk area," MPCC President Suresh Pachouri told a press conference here.
He alleged that permission was denied under pressure from the BJP government in the State and added if this was not the case then the government should ask its officials on the issue. The Congress president is scheduled to arrive here on October 19 to launch her party's poll campaign for the November 25 Madhya Pradesh Assembly polls.
Mr. Pachouri said a decision on whether he would contest the upcoming State Assembly elections would be taken by his party's central leadership.
He said he had not applied for a ticket to contest the elections. In reply to a question, he said the committee drafting the Congress manifesto for the elections had already met thrice and the manifesto would be released soon.
Mr. Pachouri said the countdown for the BJP government had begun with the announcement of the date for the upcoming Assembly elections in the State. The BJP rule in Madhya Pradesh has been marked by a series of announcements that have not been implemented at all, Mr. Pachouri told reporters here.
"A large number of announcements have been made in the panchayats held by the Chief Minister, but no one knows how many of them have been implemented in reality," he added. Mr. Pachouri said Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan and his ministers had gone on a foundation stone laying spree as they were scared of not coming to power again. - PTI


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WAKE UP! Fortnight for Religious Freedom Begins on Feast of Thomas More for a Reason Comments
Thomas More was an ordinary Christian man who shows us ordinary Christian men - and women - the way to living a unity of life in the midst of the creeping darkness and growing persecution of our own age. He knew that there is a hierarchy of values which bring with them a hierarchy of duties and loyalties. His witness in life and in death challenges us to examine whether we do. Many Catholics simply do not believe that a threat to ... Continue Reading
1 - 10 of 11 Comments
1 year ago
These efforts are fine, but sadly too little to late. The partisianship of our politics has so poisoned the well that the people who need to hear these messages the most have stopped listening.
Personally, I see this as opportunity. The early church flourished under tremendous strife and yet we wimper with a mandate? Nothing the government can do to stop us from praising God and bringing more people to his son. Nothing.
The response is not more political action, the response should be Christ. That is what will right this ship.
1 year ago
I'm happy to see the Fortnight for Religious Freedom starting to take off. HOWEVER, the vast majority of Bishops and priests ARE NOT on board. My fear is that these priests and Bishops are going to cave in to Obama and quit offering a whole host of services. The only thing left will be Sunday Mass. Then Obama and the Communist Democrat Party will come after Sunday Mass. I see and smell a Big Sellout from our wonderful charlatan Bishops and priests. I know the few and the faithful will be out there fighting but they are the ones who will get bit. Lord help us.
1 year ago
too long no pastoring. not a word from the pulpit this week at the cathedral about Fortnight for Freedom. I heard Cardinal Chaput say that no amount of work the hierarchy can do will move the people if the people don't have love for the Church. but too too many years of inattention are yielding the weeds we see in the vineyard now. Hey, I've been noticing that many priests are working secular jobs now, no collars. We need to keep track of the priests. The Laity want to know what the priests are doing with their time. They don't do house visits anymore. Hard to get Last Rites, the priests don't even hear confessions anymore. What are they doing? And everything is so stupid now. Seems like learning went out the window. The Priesthood is hardly even a professional level calling the way it's being practiced. And shunted from the people, the priests are in hiding! from the people. That's not right. What the heck is going on?
1 year ago
We ARE awake. Its a lot of our bishops who are not. They are the ones silent.
1 year ago
It is obvious, the mainline that man follows today is in the fallen state, to the flesh. Christ is come as a detour from this state & life is through this by pass, wherein is the Liberty, for narrow & winding is its way & only a few will find it, prophesizes the Bible. Being complacent instead of contending, contending for the faith in Christ is much the cause.
1 year ago
A friend of mine, who is a devout Catholic and an oncologist, has decided to sell her interest in a medical practice because her conscience will not allow her to comply with the immoral dictates of the HHS Mandate. What the Obama administration is doing to good people in this country is EVIL!
1 year ago
I wonder if there is not some rewriting of history here. From my reading, Christians were killed because they would not give up their belief in Jesus Christ. They died with great joy and their deaths brought more to follow Christ.
I find the present approach more like a political struggle than an attempt to proclaim good news of Jesus Christ. Where in this article is there any sense of joy? Where is reliance on God and not the arguments of law? Revelation is referenced but as an argument to back up natural law. Rejoice in the Lord always!
1 year ago
Clear, uplifting commentary. St. Thomas More, pray for us.
1 year ago
Dear Manassas Grandma:
No, the Fortnight for Freedom is not over; it's just beginning. Go to the website below for more information and then call your local parish and asked them what they are doing.
1 year ago
Yes, the laity are asleep and unaware of their impending loss of freedoms. But why is it that the priests and bishops are not catechizing from the pulpit about what is happening and informing the laity of the fortnight for freedom? Our priest at Mass last Sunday said nothing about it.
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Music News Archives - THE WOLF Sacramento
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WATCH: Transgender Advocates Take On Ariz. Rep. Introducing 'Bathroom ID' Bill
BY Sunnivie Brydum
April 13 2013 7:00 AM ET
On the latest episode of his web series Gwissues, publicist Howard Bragman hosted an intense conversation between Masen Davis, executive director of the Transgender Law Center, Cristan Williams, director of the Transgender Foundation of America, and Arizona Rep. John Kavanagh, who introduced state legislation that would allow businesses to prohibit transgender people from using the bathroom that corresponds with their gender identity.
Kavanagh said his bill came about in response to a Phoenix civil rights ordinance that "made it a criminal act for a business to discriminate against a transgendered person in" a locker room, shower, or bathroom.
Kavanagh admits that his initial response, which he says never proposed in the law, "was to create a counter-law which would have made it disorderly conduct for a member of one sex to intentionally enter those facilities of another, with certain exceptions for children." Kavanagh says he soon realized "that was overreach," and so he modified his bill.
Kavanagh's described the current legislation, Kavanagh's legislation, which passed a Republican-controlled Senate appropriations committee on a party-line vote on March 28, as a law that "simply prevents any locality from creating a crime for a business to designate these private-type facilities for male or female, and enforcing that."
Davis and Williams disagreed with that assessment, saying Kavanagh's bill doesn't recognize the reality of how many transgender Americans live.
"Many transgender people live very quiet lives," said Davis. "In just about every community in the United States. And [they] use restrooms and facilities without incident. This is really a solution without a problem."
Nevertheless, Kavanagh believes the chances of his bill passing are "excellent." "I think this bill represents the mores of our society," continued Kavanagh. "People just don't believe that this type of behavior is appropriate."
Watch the conversation below, which exposes how little Kavanagh actually knows about transgender people.
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Flowering Potted Plants
Hi everyone.
I'm getting married in October or November of this year. Instead of cut flowers, I'd like to use flowering potted plants as center pieces, to reduce waste. My colors are navy and light blue. I figured for an accent color I can have burgundy/dark pink flowers, and that could expand my flower options. If anyone has any suggestions of types of flowers I could use, I'd really appreciate it!
ps- I'll post this on the garden forums as well.
Depending on where you live, you may find that the primary potted plant available in October is chrysanthimums and they come in burgundy and pink. If you are unable to find flowering plants, I have had brides who used a variety of potted herbs for centerpieces.
We rented very big ferns and added good quality silk orchid stems. You couldn't tell they were not natural.
If you are looking to save $$ and buy what will be available, mums it will be. Asters, while the right color very seldom are sold in pots blooming.
Another possibility might be African violets. They bloom in the colors you mentioned, are inexpensive, low and easy to see over and are and always available.
I would look for a grower now and order what you need in the colors you want, that way you can be sure of having just the colors you want. You shouldn't have to spend more than $4 per plant.
Linda C
Here is a link that might be useful: yellow and pink violets
You could also stretch your budget by putting the $4.00 flowering plants in a basket with some moss, color coordinated ribbon, etc. to make the whole thing look bigger. Add a few colored autumn leaves for a seasonal effect. You can press them with a very low temp iron between two pieces of waxed paper to keep them flat and pretty. I went to a fall wedding where the red and gold maple and oak leaves had been preserved and scattered on the tables, between the centerpieces. Beautiful and free.
Also-chrysanthimums do come in yellow and white.
Have you considered using a fallish centerpiece, such as mini pumpkins, which come in both white and orange, and mini gourds. You could place them in bowls and surround with fall leaves or use a pillar candle in a hurricane glass and place pumpkins, gourds and leaves around the base.
How about traditional Rosemary which generally flowers in shades of blue but there are pink flowers as well. Rosemary can easily be mimicked to bloom that late in the year.
Another that comes to mind is Hydragea. The flowers can change color with soil acidity. Acid soil for blue flowers and alkaline soil the flowers will be pink.


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A new study from The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia shows body mass index (BMI) during infancy may help to predict if a child will be obese by age four.
Article by: CHOP Cornerstone; March 24, 2015
Scientists in Philadelphia have identified four new genes associated with the severe food allergy eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Because the genes appear to have roles in other allergic diseases and in inflammation, the findings may point toward potential new treatments for EoE.
Article by: Science Codex; November 21, 2014


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Comments about 'High school boys basketball: Wasatch Academy caps off magical weekend with 2OT win over Orem'
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Recruiting out of state talent allows Mr. Morgan the luxury to make such comments. How would it be? The true 2A programs from region 15, 16, 17 and 18 are lucky to have one or two top-notch players, WA has an entire team.
- 9:03 a.m. Dec. 23, 2013
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How does beating a first round 4A playoff loser Orem make WA anything but a good
2A team? Orem got trounced in their own tourney by several average teams, so
this win over Orem can't be that big of a deal.
Now had they beat Lone Peak last year, or even Alta this year then ok they can be called one of the best teams in the state.
- 9:46 a.m. Dec. 23, 2013
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it is silly for wasatch academy to be playing in 2A, They could have easily requested a move up (as Judge did for all sports except football) and I believe the UHSSA would have granted the request. But WA will go out with their international division one recruited bball team and play the likes of Kanab, Panguitch, Enterprise etc and most likely win the state championship. I guess they might feel good about that, but if I was them, I would not.
- 12:33 p.m. Dec. 23, 2013
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Wasatch Academy has a great team and other 2A teams will benefit from competing with them. Utah should take pride in their accomplishments. Knock off the crying and play ball !!!!!
- 12:34 p.m. Dec. 24, 2013
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Public-works projects in Sacramento, Calif., have helped create construction jobs in an industry badly hurt by the recession. Some $4 billion has been injected into infrastructure projects in the city, including a new $1 billion terminal at the Sacramento International Airport that has helped create 400 jobs. Unemployment in Sacramento hit 13.1% in January.
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