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Tablet Finder and Compare
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VIZIO TabletCompareVIZIO Tablet is a Tablet running Android Gingerbread powered by 1GHz processor working along with 512MB of RAM. The 8-inch capacitive touchscreen screen has a resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels. The VIZIO slate also features a front facing VGA camera, which rounds up the spec sheet. Despite featuring Gingerbread, which is not specifically optimized for tablets, the VIZIO 8 incher has seen some heavy customization with Vizio's VIA Plus interface and it does support the Android Market, which turns it into a fully functional tablet. Connectivity is well covered with GPS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, microHDMI and microUSB, while the 4GB of internal storage are expandable through a microSD card.+ View Specs
VIZIO Tablet
ARCHOS 101 G9CompareThe ARCHOS 101 G9 is a 10.1'' tablet, equipped with Google's open source OS. It offers a multi-core ARM CORTEX A9 processor at 1GHz, 8 or 16GB internal memory, microSD card slot, GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 2.1, and more.+ View Specs
Toshiba Excite 10 SECompareThe Toshiba Excite 10 SE is a quad-core tablet, coming with Android 4.1 out of the box. It has a 1.1'' 1280x800px display, 1GB RAM, 16GB storage space, 3MP rear camera and a 1.2'' front shooter. It also features all on the essential functionalities of the platform.+ View Specs
Toshiba Excite 10 SE
Asus Eee Pad SliderCompare7 reviewASUS Eee Pad Slider is 10.1" tablet with Android 3.0 operating system. It sports a NVIDIA Tegra 2 processor, slide-out QWERTY keyboard, 5MP rear camera, 1.2MP front camera, Wi-Fi and mini HDMI port.+ View Specs
7Asus Eee Pad Slider
ARCHOS 70 Internet TabletCompareArchos 70 Internet Tablet is 7" Android 2.2 running slate with Wi-Fi connectivity. It has 1GHz processor, 0.3MP front camera, HDMI port, 250GB internal memory and supports up to 32GB microSD memory cards.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 70 Internet Tablet
Lenovo IdeaTab K2CompareThe Lenovo IdeaTab K2 is Android 4.0 ICS tablet sporting a stunning IPS display with 1920x1200 pixels resolution and is powered by a quad-core Tegra 3 system chip. Unfortunately there aren't any more details just yet.+ View Specs
Lenovo IdeaTab K2
ARCHOS 97 CarbonCompareArchos 97 Carbon is a tablet running on Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich and boasting a very affordable price. The 9.7-inch tablet comes with the pixel density of last year's iPad 2 - 1024x768 pixels. It also packs 1GHz processor, 16GB of internal storage and 1GB of RAM, so it's definitely far from being underpowered. As a bonus, you get an HDMI-out port to stream content to an HD TV and a full-sized USB port to easily hook up external hard drives and other accessories. Both a rear and front facing camera are included.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 97 Carbon
ZTE Optik 2CompareThe ZTE Optik 2 has 7-inch multi-touch capacitive screen, 1.2 GHz quad-core processor and is 3G/Wi-Fi capable.+ View Specs
ZTE Optik 2
ARCHOS 70b Internet TabletCompareARCHOS 70b Internet Tablet is essentially an enhanced version of the Archos 70 IT Gen 8. It is being billed as the first Android 3.2 Honeycomb tablet under $200. For the money, its hardware specs seems reasonable enough to appease basic users with its higher resolution 7" 1024 x 600 capacitive display, 1.2GHz processor, 512MB of RAM, Wi-Fi, 3D Graphics accelerator, microSD card slot, and HDMI output.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 70b Internet Tablet
ZTE PF 100CompareThe ZTE PF 100 is an Android 4.0 ICS tablet with a 10.1 inch WXGA display, 1GB of RAM, 16GB of storage, 5-megapixel main camera and 2-megapixel unit on the front. The tablet is powered by NVIDIA Tegra T30S chipset featuring a quad-core 1.5GHz processor.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 80 G9CompareThe ARCHOS 80 G9 is an Android ICS tablet. It is a multicore device, offering the standard array of features of the OS. It comes with multi-core ARM CORTEX A9 processor at 1GHz, 8'' display at 1024 x 768 px resolution, Flash Memory of 8 or 16GB, microSD card slot, front-facing cam, and also GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 2.1.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 5 Internet TabletCompareArchos 5 Internet Tablet is 4.8" Android 1.6 running slate with Wi-Fi connectivity. It has 800Mhz processor, GPS, FM radio, HDMI port, 150GB internal memory and supports up to 32GB microSD memory cards.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 5 Internet Tablet
Samsung Galaxy Player 50CompareSamasung Galaxy Player 50 is a portable media player with Android 2.1 Eclair. It has 3.2" capacitive screen, 2MP camera with video capture, FM radio, Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth and supports up to 32GB microSD memory cards.+ View Specs
Samsung Galaxy Player 50
Lenovo ThinkPad TabletCompareThe Lenovo ThinkPad Tablet is a business oriented device preloaded with many applications to help you do your job more efficiently. On the hardware side, this tablet feature a dual-core 1GHz NVIDIA Tegra 2 processing unit, a 10.1-inch WXGA Gorilla Glass display, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and 3G Connectivity.+ View Specs
Lenovo ThinkPad Tablet
Alcatel OneTouch T20CompareThe Alcatel OneTouch T20 is an Android tablet that comes with 7-inch touchscreen display with 1024 x 600 pixels resolution. The tablet has 1 GB of RAM and 4 GB of internal memory, which can be expanded via microSD card up to 32GB. It is powered by a single-core ARM Cortex-A8 processor, operating at a frequency of 1.0 GHz.+ View Specs
Alcatel OneTouch T20
ViewSonic ViewPad 7Compare6 reviewViewSonic ViewPad 7 is an Android 2.2 running tablet with UMTS connectivity. It has 7" TFT display (480x800), 3MP rear camera, 0.3MP front camera, GPS, Wi-Fi, stereo speakers and digital compass.+ View Specs
6ViewSonic ViewPad 7
ViewSonic ViewPad 7xCompareThe ViewSonic ViewPad 7x is an Android Honeycomb running tablet with HSPA+ connectivity. It has 7" LED display (600x1024), Tegra 2 processor, rear and front cameras, HDMI port, and DLNA.+ View Specs
ViewSonic ViewPad 7x
ZTE V9SCompareThe ZTE V9S an Android 3.2 tablet with a 7-inch WXGA display, 1GB of RAM, 16GB of storage, 5-megapixel main camera and 2-megapixel unit on the front. The tablet is powered by 1.2GHz dual-core processor.+ View Specs
ZTE Light Tab 300CompareThe ZTE Light Tab 300 is an Android 4.0 ICS tablet with a 7-inch WXGA display, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 5-megapixel autofocus camera with flash and a 2-megapixel unit on the front and 1GB of RAM+ View Specs
ZTE Light Tab 300
Alcatel OneTouch EVO 7 HDCompareThe Alcatel OneTouch EVO 7 HD is another affordable 7-inch tablet and we'd apparently get flooded with those cute devices this year. The EVO 7 HD comes with a Nexus 7-like resolution of 1280 x 800 pixels, it is powered by a dual-core 1.6GHz processor and 1GB RAM, and runs on Android 4.1 Jelly Bean. Moreover, it's even cheaper than the Nexus 7. How did Alcatel manage to arrive at that price? It took one shortcut with less memory. The EVO 7 HD only has 4GB of internal storage space but that is expandable via microSD cards. On the back there is a three-megapixel camera and up front another, VGA front shooter.+ View Specs
Alcatel OneTouch EVO 7 HD
ZTE Light TabCompareThe ZTE Light Tab is a 7-inch Android tablet with a 800 MHz processor, 512MB of RAM, 512MB of ROM, 2-megapixel camera, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS and FM radio.+ View Specs
ZTE Light Tab
ZTE V96CompareThe ZTE V96 is an Android 4.0 ICS tablet with a 10.1 inch WXGA display, 1GB of RAM, 16GB of storage, 5-megapixel main camera and 2-megapixel unit on the front. The tablet is powered by 1.7GHz dual-core processor.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 101 TitaniumCompareThe ARCHOS 101 Titanium offers a 10.1'' High Definition IPS display, Dual core CPU at 1.6 GHz with Quad core GPU, with 1080p video decoding, Sleek aluminum design and Android 4.1 Jelly Bean with the 700,000 applications on Google Play and the Archos Media Center applications.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 101 Titanium
Maxwest TAB 7360CompareThe Maxwest TAB 7360 is a 7" tablet with Android 4.1 and 1.2 GHz processor, 1 GB RAM and two cameras. It also includes a stylus and a keyboard bundled in a bonus package.+ View Specs
Maxwest TAB 7360
ViewSonic ViewPad 10Compare4 reviewViewSonic ViewPad 10 is a dual-boot tablet with Windows 7/Android 1.6 operating system. It has 10.1" LCD touchscreen, 1.6GHz processor, 1.3MP front camera, 16GB internal memory, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.+ View Specs
4ViewSonic ViewPad 10
ARCHOS ARNOVA 7CompareThe Archos Arnova 7 features an 800x480 resolution 7" screen, 4 GB of storage, and Android 2.2. It is a barebone tablet with no cameras or GPS, but it has a USB port and microSD card slot. Unfortunately, there is no information available on the processor speed or amount of RAM, but we don't expect those to be too impressive.+ View Specs
Lenovo IdeaTab S2109CompareThe Lenovo IdeaTab S2109 is said to be a Tegra 3 powered tablet with Android 4.0 ICS on board. Its other features include a 9.7-inch IPS LCD display with 1024x768 pixels resolution, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS and a microHDMI port.+ View Specs
Lenovo IdeaTab S2109
Toshiba Excite 13CompareThe Toshiba Excite 13 is said to be an Android ICS tablet powered by NVIDIA Tegra 3 chip featuring a quad-core CPU and a 13" 1600x900 pixels display. Its other features include 1GB of RAM, 36GB of storage, 5-megapixel main camera and a 2-megapixel unit on the front.+ View Specs
Toshiba Excite 13
Best Buy Insignia FlexCompareBest Buy has launched an affordable Android tablet under its own Insignia brand. The Insignia Flex, as the device is called, is listed on Best Buy's web page and qualifies for free shipping. It comes with a 9.7-inch LCD screen with 1024 by 768 pixels of resolution, dual-core TI OMAP 4428 running at 1.0GHz CPU, 1GB of RAM, 2-megapixel front-facing camera, 8GB of storage that come on-board can be expanded with the use of a microSD card. Wi-Fi, GPS and Bluetooth connectivity come standard for the platform - Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich.+ View Specs
Best Buy Insignia Flex
Lenovo IdeaTab A1107CompareThe Lenovo IdeaTab A1107 is a 7'' tablet, running on Android 4.0 OS. It boasts a 1024 x 600 px display, 1 GHz processor, 3MP rear camera and a 0.3MP front shooter, up to 16GB storage and 512MB RAM.+ View Specs
Lenovo IdeaTab A1107
Maxwest ORBIT TAB PHONE 9CompareThe Maxwest ORBIT TAB PHONE 9 is a 9" tablet with Android 4.1, dual SIM card support, dual-core processor and 512 MB RAM.+ View Specs
Maxwest ORBIT TAB PHONE 9
Maxwest TAB 7155CompareThe Maxwest TAB 7155 is a 7" tablet running with Android 4.2, 1.2 GHz processor, 512 MB RAM, and two cameras.+ View Specs
Maxwest TAB 7155
ARCHOS 101 XS 2CompareThe Archos 101 XS 2 can be used as a stand-alone tablet, but it comes bundled with a hardware keyboard, in which it can be docked. The tablet comes with a quad-core 1.6GHz processor and 2GB of RAM, 16 gigs of storage, 10.1'' display with 1280 x 800 px resolution, and Android 4.2 out of the box.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 80 CesiumCompareThe Archos 80 Cesium is a teblet that offers an 8-inch IPS display with 1280 x 800 pixels, and a quad-core Intel processor.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 80 Cesium
ARCHOS 70 Helium 4GCompareThe ARCHOS 70 Helium 4G is a 7" tablet, running Android 4.4. Its specs include 1.5 GHz quad core MediaTek processor, 1 GB RAM, 8 GB storage space, further expandable via microSD card slot, 4G LTE and 2 cameras - 2 MP on the back, and 0.3 MP on the front.+ View Specs
ARCHOS 70 Helium 4G
Tablet Finder and Compare - page 9


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Record: 39 – 24 – 12
Calgary 2
Minnesota 4
Columbus 4
Chicago 2
PERIOD 3Boxscore
Dallas 0
Edmonton 1
Nashville -
Washington -
Mar. 28 at 11:30 a.m.
NY Rangers -
Boston -
Mar. 28 at 12 p.m.
Anaheim -
NY Islanders -
Mar. 28 at 12 p.m.
San Jose -
Philadelphia -
Mar. 28 at 12 p.m.
Arizona -
Pittsburgh -
Mar. 28 at 12 p.m.
Tampa Bay -
Detroit -
Mar. 28 at 1 p.m.
Ottawa -
Toronto -
Mar. 28 at 6 p.m.
Florida -
Montreal -
Mar. 28 at 6 p.m.
New Jersey -
Carolina -
Mar. 28 at 6 p.m.
Columbus -
St. Louis -
Mar. 28 at 7 p.m.
Los Angeles -
Minnesota -
Mar. 28 at 7 p.m.
Buffalo -
Colorado -
Mar. 28 at 8 p.m.
Dallas -
Vancouver -
Mar. 28 at 9 p.m.
Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Jets need Wings to take flight
Outshoot, outplay visitors to record a solid victory
Winnipeg may have owed the Detroit Red Wings Monday night's NHL result, but the Jets' 4-2 victory had significance beyond the 17-year-old debt.
How about this for starters: If you'll play the right way, many things are possible.
"I thought we played the right way tonight, and played it for 60 minutes, which was good to see," said Jets coach Claude Noel after his team snapped a three-game losing streak and came sharply out of a funk that had seen them record just one win in the previous seven.
"Our effort was good. It's nerve-racking a bit because you play that way against Detroit and you're waiting for things to happen and then it kind of scares you. Our guys were really strong. We've been bitten more than once."
The Jets limited their gaffes in the dangerous areas -- aside, one supposes, from Dustin Byfuglien's three inopportune blown tires -- and despite some adversity in the second period that saw them fall behind 2-1 after getting the game's first goal, they rallied strongly.
"I think a big thing was we didn't get down on ourselves," said centre Mark Scheifele, who had assists on goals by both his wingers, Michael Frolik and Matt Halischuk, the game-tying and game-winning goals. "We knew we made some mistakes but I think on the bench, guys were saying, 'We're still in this, we've still got lots of game.'
"I think that was a huge character part of our team."
-- Jets coach Claude Noel on the line of Scheifele, Frolik and Halischuk, which combined for two goals Monday including the game-winner by Halischuk
Winnipeg, putting a small dent in a 17-year-old debt to Detroit, improved to 6-8-2.
Third line shines
Scheifele, Frolik and Halischuk were responsible for getting the team over the hump on the scoresheet, more evidence that secondary production matters a great deal on many nights.
"They were flying all night," said Jets defenceman Zach Bogosian. "They were on pucks, they turned over a lot of pucks, made them turn over pucks. They're a good line when they're doing that. It was good to see them kind of clicking tonight. It was a really good thing to see, everybody chipping in."
Noel said there is now something brewing with the trio.
"I've liked them for a couple of games," said the coach, who has changed his lines around multiple times already this season. "They were probably our best line (last game). They just seem to have some chemistry. That's the first thing you seem to notice.
"They're reliable defensively. They check, so they're reliable in that situation. Now the chemistry looks like it's coming through; they're figuring out where to go. It's providing some offence."
Shoot it up
The Jets tied their season-high 47 shots on goal on Monday night, and that without their top shots-on-goal skater, left-winger Evander Kane.
Kane was out with a lower-body injury on Monday.
"It means we've got to keep shooting, I guess," Bogosian said. "If the lane's there, we have to make sure they're getting through. We have to have that shoot-first mentality and crash and bang at the rebounds."
That barrage helped end Detroit's three-game western-Canada winning streak, started with decisions in Vancouver, Calgary and Edmonton. The Wings fell to 9-5-2.
Al's their pal
Back-up goalie Al Montoya provided more solid play in his third start of the season, making 26 saves.
"You can't ask for much more from our guys out there," Montoya said. "We did a great job against a very offensive team, a very skilled team. And it just goes to show we can play against anyone on any given night."
"He made some very huge and timely saves for us throughout the game," Halischuk added. "He's done that this year for us several times. I think it was starting with him tonight and goes out from there."
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition November 5, 2013 C1
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On March 7, the Los Alamos Concert Association welcomes one of the most-respected early-music groups to Los Alamos. Ensemble Caprice will perform a concert of Renaissance and Baroque period music at 4 p.m. in Duane Smith Auditorium. The concert will be followed by dinner with the artists at the Central Avenue Grill.
WASHINGTON (AP) — The unemployment rate held at 9.7 percent in February as employers shed 36,000 jobs, fewer than expected. The figures suggested the job market is slowly healing but that significant hiring has yet to occur.
The Labor Department said it wouldn't quantify how the snowstorms that hammered the East Coast last month affected job losses. Some data in the report signaled the storms didn't reduce payrolls as much as had been feared.
Local painter Betty Nance Smith will dabble in the construction business this weekend.
Smith goes above and beyond the call of duty by donating remarkable paintings to the youth of the United Church of Los Alamos to raise funds for home building in Mexico.
The annual auction to benefit the Mexico Mission project will feature almost 200 items in a silent auction. Residents can wander through rows of tables to bid on everything from new and used, to handy and oddly fascinating. There will be a live auction as well.
Larry Baca doesn't often look past what he or his team is doing right now.
Baca, the longtime head coach of the Los Alamos Hilltopper boys track and field team, likes to take things one day at a time. This season in particular.
Los Alamos' Hilltoppers, who have had some of their most successful seasons in recent history, will have to work hard to achieve that kind of success again this season. Los Alamos lost numerous key athletes to graduation over the last two years and it's time for a little rebuilding.
While on Saturday the Los Alamos Hilltopper boys basketball team will look to make its fourth straight trip to the Class AAAA quarterfinal round, it will also look to make it past that round for the first time in those trips.
The Hilltoppers will take their first step on the road to a Class AAAA title Saturday when they take on the Piedra Vista Panthers. Saturday's game, at Griffith Gymnasium, is scheduled for 2 p.m.
Los Alamos (18-9) grabbed the sixth seed for the Class AAAA tournament, while Piedra Vista (16-10) earned the tournament's 11th seed.
Since 1973, Santa Fe architect Richard Dorman has collected photographs of narrow gauge railroads in New Mexico and Colorado. He donated the collection of more than 25,000 pictures to the Friends of the Cumbres & Toltec Railroad in 2006.
Two Los Alamos authors will sign their books from 6 to 7:30 p.m. Thursday at Otowi Station Bookstore. Darla Graff Thompson will sign "erratic, ecstatic, et cetera," her collection of poems and images of her sculpture, and Andi Kron will sign "Freewheeling at 50: Tales of a Mid-Life Bicycle Crisis."
The two shared their thoughts on writing and creativity.
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The Los Alamos Monitor is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Los Alamos County and Los Alamos, NM, and the surrounding area.


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erika1818's Mom Answers Activity
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What can I do to help my baby sleep through the night again?
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Try Babies' Magic Tea it helped my son sleep betterposted by amandinecrimpton
My baby 10 weeks old and still feeding every 1-2 hours. Is this normal?
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I know this is an old post but i am experiencing the exact situation can anyone tell me when will it end ?? My baby feeds every 1-2 hours...posted by menna_yasser91
How can we make bath time less traumatic for our baby?
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My baby is 7 weeks old today and he loves his bath ever since we brought him back from the hospital. He would get scared for a second whe...posted by Lehcir
How often can I pump at home while breastfeeding my baby?
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I have same problem let me know what u find outposted by dklvt
Suggestions on baby carriers for my 7 month old.
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I love my Beco Gemini for bigger babies! I believe in researching the many types of carriers out there. The ones generally sold by large ...posted by MayaIxchel
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If it is cold, then no, dont take her. Baby's her age have a very hard time regulating their temperature. If it is at body temperature or...posted by a BabyCenter Member
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i have a 3 year old and 7 year old my 3 year old beastfeed untill she was 2 and I always thought i'd go crazy cause she wouldn't take it ...posted by judith14
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you say she sleeps in her crib for 7-8- hours, thats great not sure where the issue isposted by a BabyCenter Member


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Boyzone held an emotional reunion Thursady night, the first since founder member Stephen Gately died.
The band made a surprise appearance at the Royal Albert Hall where lead singer Ronan Keating was due to perform solo.
Shane Lynch, Mikey Graham and Keith Duffy were surprise guests when Keating came on stage. Gately died in October of a pulmonary oedema.
Speaking to the crowd, Graham said: 'As long as we're here and you're here, Stephen's here too.'
Lynch said Gately would have found it amusing to see them so emotional on stage: 'He would pat us on the arm tonight and say, "Pull it together."
'Stephen lived in a fantasy and didn't like dealing with reality. Tonight it is our reality, though.
Keating paid tribute to the former band member.
"Dealing with [his death] through songs and interviews has been a great therapy so for us this is easier but we're not just dealing with our emotions out there, it's all the fans too, it's the first time for them. It's going to be emotional."
'You have followed us for seventeen years,you have made us welcome in your towns and cities and we will never forget the love and support you have shown.'Stephen will always be with us when we sing and when we perform. He will live on in our music."
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Cycling Games now available in Spanish
Fun cycle training for Spanish-speaking children. The Danish Cyclists' Federations succesful concept "Cycling Games" is now also available in a Spanish booklet.
In order to maintain a high level of traffic safety, and at the same time do it more convenient for the cyclists to go by bike on the paths, a test where path bars are replaced with humps has been made in Lystrup near Århus in Denmark.


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Junior Member
Anyone else that would appreciate to have a bank where you can store your ip when youre trying to save up for a 6300 champion? I always try to save up, and then when i have around 3000 i always check the store and think "weeeeeell this champ miiiiight be fun to play actually.." and i end up wasting my IP. Would be nice with some bank or something so you dont see all that teasing IP. anyone aggree?
Senior Member
+1 agreed. Happens to me like once a day.
not really, its somewhat unnecessary. just need a bit of control. i have 10k saved up right now, looking for the perfect buy, and i have been tempted on several occasions.
Lol, had similar issues... Or when you are collecting IP for runepage.
Fiendish Dr Wu
Happens to me. Except with runes. "OH MAN GONNA SAVE UP 6300 FOR X CHAMP", an hour later..."I SHOULD GET X RUNES".
Or you could learn some self-control. If you can't do this with virtual Influence Points, you will be racking up credit card debt fast as an adult. You could use some practice before then
ROFL. Learn to control your urges.
Haha, I never have the will to save up 6300 IP. For those champs, I just use RP...
Same. I just finally saved up enough IP to buy Miss Fortune yesterday. Worth it though. I wreck. xD
IP bank is also an interesting concept... Either manually deposit your IP, or have a portion of the IP you get from games deposited automatically into it.
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The paper is based upon research done by Carolyn Wirth for her PhD dissertation at Massey University, supervised by Professor Martin Young and Dr Jing Chi. The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable comments of Andrew Stark (editor), an anonymous referee, Dennis Olson, Jenni Bettman, and participants at the following meetings: Massey University School of Economics & Finance Seminar 2010, the 15th New Zealand Finance Colloquium 2011, the 2011 FMA Asian Conference and the 2nd Finance and Corporate Governance Conference 2011. All mistakes remain our own.
Original Article
The Economic Impact of Capital Expenditures: Environmental Regulatory Delay as a Source of Competitive Advantage?
Article first published online: 16 JAN 2013
DOI: 10.1111/jbfa.12009
© 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Journal of Business Finance & Accounting
Volume 40, Issue 1-2, pages 115–141, January/February 2013
Additional Information
How to Cite
Wirth, C., Chi, J. and Young, M. (2013), The Economic Impact of Capital Expenditures: Environmental Regulatory Delay as a Source of Competitive Advantage?. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 40: 115–141. doi: 10.1111/jbfa.12009
Publication History
- Issue published online: 25 FEB 2013
- Article first published online: 16 JAN 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: NOV 2012
- Manuscript Received: MAY 2011
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- regulatory delay;
- capital investments;
- competitive advantage;
- shareholder wealth creation;
- market valuation;
- environmental regulation;
- compliance costs;
- non-financial information;
- strategy;
- New Zealand
This study tests the proposal that by undertaking voluntary capital expenditures that are subject to lengthy environmental regulatory delays, listed companies can gain a competitive advantage. The stock market is found to react positively to new capital expenditure announcements when projects are expected to experience long delays in obtaining environmental regulatory approval. Two sources of potential competitive advantage are firm learning and first mover advantages. Lengthy delays in regulatory processes and high compliance costs incurred for environmentally-sensitive projects may allow firms opportunities to develop specialised capabilities and/or to deter industry competitors and new entrants, resulting in greater expected project NPVs. The findings also underscore the importance of non-financial environmental information to investors in their assessment of firm value.


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"I've had very good experiences taking my daughter to Children's Medicine since moving to the Atlanta area. The doctors are very caring and always ask good questions and ..."
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"This is one of the best doctors I have ever treated with. He knew what my problem was and within a week of treatment I felt so much ..."


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Tyler and Caicey Crutcher announce the birth of their daughter, Christine Kay, on Dec. 14 at Great Bend Regional Hospital. She weighed 7 lbs. 14 oz. and was 19 in. long. She is welcomed home by a big sister, Claire.
The following well-balanced and nutritious Friendship Meals will be served for lunch at the Great Bend Senior Center, 2005 Kansas Ave. Meals are served with milk; donations for coffee and tea are accepted.
The following meals will be served Jan. 23 through Jan. 27. The secondary schools also have available daily: Main dish second choices, chef's salad, combo lunches and choice of vegetables and dessert. The breakfast menu is offered only to students in USD 428. Menus are subject to change without notice. Milk served with all meals. All meals as offered meet USDA nutritional guidelines.
Barton County Sheriff Greg Armstrong announces he has filed for reelection in the upcoming 2012 election as a Republican candidate for Barton County Sheriff.
While a sluggish economy continues to undermine the job market and business growth, cosmetics powerhouse Mary Kay is breaking records reporting a 15 percent increase in sales in 2011.
Eighteen certified public accountants from around the state of Kansas have been selected to participate in the fourth 20 up to 40 Leadership Program offered by the Kansas Society of Certified Public Accountants.
Dr. Victor L. Martin
Preceptor Pi and Theta Master chapters of Beta Sigma Phi had their Sister Chapter Social Jan. 17 at First Christian Church.
The Central Kansas Partnership has formed a Suicide Prevention Task Force that will have its organizational meeting at 11 a.m. on Monday, at Barton County Health Department WIC Conference Room. The group will meet to discuss suicide prevention goals and possible strategies to increase awareness of signs of suicide and what community members can do. Anyone who is interested is invited to attend.
USD 428 Board of Education will meet at noon on Tuesday at Riley Elementary School, 1515 10th Street. Items on the agenda include using district vans for the 2012 Driver Education instruction, and approval of teacher retirements. Riley Principal JoAnn Blevins and other staff members will share information regarding the academic programs and the school improvement efforts at Riley Elementary School.
By Curtis Wolf - KWEC site manager
The advice of a good attorney can be expensive but an attorney's knowledge can be priceless. Do you have a question about a legal matter? Go to NewspaperAttorney.com and ask a licensed Kansas attorney your question free of charge. Your question may just end up getting answered in the newspaper! Remember the Law Office of Brandan Davies LLC does not represent you in any matter until a formal representation agreement has been executed. The following information is not legal advice it is for entertainment purposes only. If you have a legal question please consult an attorney.
By John Schlageck, Kansas Farm Bureau


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Star Tracks
Urban feels the beat while performing at an NFL event in Baltimore. Plus: Jessica Alba, Simon Cowell & Demi Lovato, Queen Latifah, Sofia Vergara and more
Credit: Splash News Online
Published: Friday Sep 06, 2013 | 07:00 PM EDT
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From Publishers Weekly
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.
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Anyone who hasn't already made up their mind will find something to think about in this book.
The book can be somewhat difficult to read because it is so scholarly, and contains a lot of very detailed information.
This volume should be read in conjunction with 'More Guns, Less Crime', also by John R. Lott, Jr.
Objective fact and data based analysis. No dogma, no emotion, just plain old fashioned data and logic.Published 5 months ago by David Wood
Very informative. Needs explanation of statical terms like "two-tailed t-test is significant at the [x] present level" the [x] may be 1%, 5%, or some other percentage. Read morePublished 7 months ago by charliez
Lott derives his research from hard and conclusive facts without an agenda-driven bias aimed at a forgone conclusion. Read morePublished 7 months ago by Trekker
Yeah, everything you heard is wrong if you heard it from John Lott.
I heard him interviewed, read the book and then started researching. check this out : [... Read more


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Signed by the artist, "SHERRY"
Probably not a William Grant Sherry though the signature looks similar.
Great watercolor.
Professionally framed and matted (with matt paper and burlap).
Great nautical / sailing subject.
Perfect for most any decors.
21" by 23" total framed size.
Item ID: E300458
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We are cleaning out our warehouse, check out all the "SALE" items!
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DieselHorses 46-50, M 3 Answers 0 Apr 11, 2014 in Community
We'll see.
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I'd do my best.
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text: I stayed in this hotel for three nights while attending a conference with Chinese colleagues. I have stayed in many hotels of varying standards in China and found this one to be a solid upper-mid range 4 star hotel. It is sprawling, in the style of a "grand" hotel, but definitely not in the 5 star category (as often described).... More


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Local Veterinarians in Your Area
7278 N. Milwaukee Ave., Niles, IL 60714
Your pet deserves the best care available! We have been accredited by the American Animal Hospital Association(A.A.H.A) since 1953. Niles Animal Hospital and Bird Medical Center is a full-service veterinary hospital located in Niles, Illinois. We have been providing quality pet care since our
904 E Irving Park Rd, Streamwood, IL 60107
A Reputation for Compassionate Care and Individual Attention We love what we do. We are dedicated to helping pets and their people enjoy longer, healthier lives together. We believe that by partnerning with you and educating you about your pet's health care, we build a collaborative relationship;
1101 W Park Ave , Libertyville, IL 60048
When we established our mission and goals for Care Animal Hospital we went back to the basics... caring! What motivates us is quite simple and our mission probably obvious. As we believe, it is one thing for someone to say something and quite another to actually follow through and do. "Caring forview deal
800 E. Park Ave. (Rt. 176), Libertyville, IL 60048
Drs. Laura Brown, Sara Estrick, Deni Ianakov, Laura Hardy and Susan McKenzie are available to help you and your pet six days a week. We offer complete medical and surgical services for all dogs, cats, exotics and pocket pets. We can provide all your pet's needs from yearly wellness examinationsview deal
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Northwest Exotic Veterinary Clinic has a dedicated expert team to provide the highest compassionate care for your pet. It's a place where pets and owners are treated like family. At Northwest Exotic Veterinary Clinic, we welcome and provide care to all types of animals, including dogs, cats,
5225 Golf Rd, Skokie, IL 60077
J. Thomas Johnson DVM ABVP ACVIM Listed as one of Chicago's top vets by Chicago Mag. Listed as Americas top vets by Consumer Council of America Full service - quality medicine and people who care. You are like family.
5485 Touhy Ave, Skokie, IL 60077
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710 Northwest Highway, Fox River Grove, IL 60021
At VCA Noyes Animal Hospital, we're more than an animal hospital. We're the place where pet parents know they can bring their pets for superb veterinary care that sets new standards for quality and kindness. For pets and pet parents alike, a trip to VCA Noyes Animal Hospital is an opportunity to see
295 Peterson Rd, Libertyville, IL 60048
Northern Illinois Cat Clinic - Over 25 Years Experience - Dedicated Quality Care For Your Cat The Northern Illinois Cat Clinic is Lake County's first and foremost veterinary clinic dedicated to the health and well being of cats. Our Mission is to communicate compassion and respect to our clients inview deal


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Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 85.2% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
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Pronunciation: cigaretta
Added on: 2010-04-05 Listened: 42 timesin: nouns singular, substantivo, noun
Pronunciation in Hungarian [hu]
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- Random word: célnyelv
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cigaretta = cigarette
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In December, Himalayan Cataract Project's partner in Nepal, the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology's outreach team organized an Outreach Microsurgical Eye Clinic (OMEC) in Nuwokot, Nepal. The team screened 3,763 patients and provided 306 cataract surgeries. The outreach team included trainees from Myanmar, Ethiopia and Australia. Each year the Tilganga outreach team provides close to 10,000 surgeries outside of the main hospital in Kathmandu.
In October, HCP's co-founder, Dr. Sanduk Ruit, led a team from Tilganga to manage outreach cataract events in Bhutan and northern India. The group worked with local surgeons and paramedical staff in both locations. A total of 388 cataract surgeries were provided; 257 in Bhutan and 131 in northern India.
In Bhutan, Dr. Ruit and Royal Highness Princess Kezang Wangmo Wanhchuk jointly inaugurated the Eye Bank at the National Referral Hospital in Thimphu, which will serve corneal patients and play an important role in addressing corneal blindness in Bhutan. To read more about the Eye Bank, please visit this link: http://www.kuenselonline.com/bhutan-embarks-on-eye-bank-venture/#.VMj3bmTF8Sg.
The Himalayan Cataract Project (HCP) has been busy in the recent months in the Himalayas.
HCP Co-Founder Dr. Sanduk Ruit and an outreach team from Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, HCP's flagship partner in Nepal, provided sight restoring cataract surgery in September at the Leh Hospital in Ladakh, India. Ladakh — "land of high passes" — is a mountainous region of India and is one of the most sparsely populated regions in the state. This was a second visit by Dr. Ruit and his team, who provided 208 surgeries to patients. To read more about Dr. Ruit's first visit, please visit this link.
Just a month earlier, Dr. Ruit and his team held an outreach event in Yangon, Myanmar. Dr. Ruit's team worked with local eye care professionals, and together they provided 445 surgeries. The team held an additional outreach event in the town of Myeik, where 225 surgeries were provided.
In Nepal, the Hetauda Community Eye Hospital (HCEH), one of Tilganga's 12 eye care centers, conducted a screening workshop for more than 500 prisoners at the Bhimpedi Jail. Seven patients were referred for surgery and 25 pairs of glasses were prescribed and provided.
Former Himalayan Cataract Project trainee, Dr. Dechen Wangmo, Bhutan's first and only pediatric ophthalmologist, is taking advantage of the constellation vitrectomy machine purchased for Dr. Bhim Rai's retinal practice to facilitate cataract surgery for a five month old boy with congenital cataracts. Dr. Rai is also a former HCP trainee.
"It really made a difference in the post op compared to the old machine we had. The parents are very happy and grateful to HCP and the department. I had explained to them about how you all have helped us and how it has translated into better patient care and outcomes." —Dr. Dechen Wangmo
The training and equipment that HCP provides to doctors, like Drs. Wangmo and Rai, is crucial in developing a sustainable health care system that functions effectively over the long-term with minimal external involvement.
In outreach news, the Hetauda Community Eye Hospital (HCEH) in Nepal conducted an eye screening workshop for more than 500 prisoners at Bhimphedi Jail outside of Hetauda, referring seven cataract patients for surgery and prescribing 35 pairs of glasses - 12 pairs purchased immediately. HCEH is upgrading its community screening programs to include refraction, and providing glasses instantly.
While the number of cataract cases has been reduced in the region, cases of refractive error have increased. Eyeglasses provide low-cost, effective help with refractive error; and the proceeds from sales of eyeglasses help to offset the costs associated with free patient care for all eye ailments.
Also in Nepal, the newly-constructed Phaplu Community Eye Center opened in June, 2014. Since 2003, it has provided eye care to more than 30,000. In the first half of 2014, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology (HCP's partner in Nepal), with HCP support, conducted seven Outreach Microsurgical Eye Clinics (OMECS) in Nepal and one in India, providing 1,811 cataract surgeries.
The Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, HCP's legacy partner in Nepal, recently organized an Outreach Microsurgical Eye Clinic (OMEC) in the Upper Mustang region of Nepal, one of the world's most remote places. Upper Mustang is hidden in the shadows of the Himalayas and for centuries was isolated from the rest of Nepal. Tilganga began working in this region in 2009.
During this most recent campaign, sight was restored to an elderly woman who had been blind for eight years and trekked to the campaign on horseback, accompanied by her 21-year-old grandson. Following bilateral surgery, the patient could see her grandson's face, and proudly walked back to her home.
Another outreach event was held In early April by the Phaplu Community Eye Center (CEC), in the Solukumbo region of Nepal. 1,498 patients were examined and 80 cataract surgeries were provided. Run by a five-person staff, the Phaplu CEC is overseen by Tilganga and realized a 6% increase in patient care in 2013. The Himalayan Cataract Project is supporting the construction of the two-story, six-room community eye center, with help from the Nancy Allison Perkins Foundation, as the original Phaplu CEC had outgrown its facility. Construction is expected to be completed by June 2014.
Himalayan Cataract Project International Fellow Dr. Ben Thomas participated in an outreach event in a small town in the Dhading district of Nepal. Dr. Thomas worked alongside Dr. Anu Manandhar (former HCP fellow) of the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, and performed 30 surgeries. The outreach was sponsored by Tilganga and the Fred Hollows Foundation and held at a local school; surgeries and follow-up care were all performed within classrooms.
Outreach teams often reach inaccessible areas by foot and more often than not arrive to communities with no electricity and minimal sanitation and potable water. Within a matter of hours, the team can turn a dusty schoolhouse, or whatever building is available, into an equivalent medical ward where sight-restoring surgery is carried out to comparable standards found in the developed world.
Even in remote areas, the consistent goal of the team is to provide the highest quality eye care to as many people as possible and perform as many surgeries as possible. The eye camp ophthalmologists seek to treat everyone they can with a treatable eye disease.
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French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius speaks to the media following a Security Council Meeting on "The Victims of Attacks and Abuses on Ethnic or Religious Grounds in the Middle East" at the United Nations in New York on March 27, 2015. Christians, Yazidis and other religious minorities under attack in the Middle East could "disappear entirely" unless the world takes action to protect them, Fabius said on March 27. Fabius told a UN Security Council debate that an "action charter" was needed to address the violence that saw 20 Coptic Christians beheaded in Libya last month. AFP PHOTO/JEWEL SAMADJEWEL SAMAD/AFP/Getty Images
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Principal's Message Kindergarten Registrations Sincere wishes of a Happy New Year from all of Wainwright Elementary School is now registering the staff and students of our school to you! I kindergarten students for the 2010/2011 school trust that your holidays were spent with your year. Children must be 5 years of age by March 1, family and friends and were relaxing and 2011. You may register your child at the Main rejuvenating. For most, me included, the Office of Wainwright Elementary School. Please holidays came and went very quickly, but were bring a birth certificate to verify legal name, age, very enjoyable. It seems hard to believe but the and place of birth for your child, as required by 28th of this month marks the halfway point of our Alberta Education. If you do not currently have school year. As you will read in this newsletter, one, please let us know at the time of registration. there are many fun and educational activities An information night will be held May 10, 2010, at planned as we live, learn, and have fun together 7:30 pm in the school library. We would like to in them. Please take the time to read this extend an invitation to all prospective students and newsletter as there are many, many great things their parents to come to the school on happening at our school and we would like each this night to see the and every one of you to become a part of it all! Kindergarten Suite, meet the teachers, and discuss this program with them. January Virtue – Responsibility If you know of anyone that This month we will be focusing our energies on would like to register, please tell the virtue of Responsibility. We are having them to stop by to register, or call activities in our classrooms as well as the entire (780)842-3361. school to focus on the importance of this virtue and how we can practice it in our daily lives. Students are invited to wear Lavender/Gold or WES – A Safe and Caring School the school colors for Color Day on January 11th. In our school we recognize that our students are If you get an opportunity, please talk with your more than that – they are also "our" kids, too! To kids at home about responsibility, its importance help make our school a warm and nurturing place to and what it means to your family, our school, be we offer many different services and programs to and our community. our kids. These include our new Dare to Care initiative where we focus on each and every child to help make them feel that they belong to different Important Dates in January families, one of them being our WES family. We January 4 – Students First Day Back also have specialists like Mr. Bell, our Family January 7 - Early Dismissal at 2:00 pm for School Liaison counselor who works full time in Staff Meeting our school to help both the staff and our students. January 13 - WEPA Meeting at 7:00 pm One of the things Mr. Bell does with our kids is This is a very important organization that offer and "Peace Patrol" program where team provides dollars through fundraising for all of members learn to help settle concerns on the our students. They are the major fundraising playground before they escalate. They also learn group and attending these meetings is an valuable skills that will help them become leaders. opportunity to provide input into how the money is raised and allocated. Meetings are held once a month in the Conference Room located beside WES Citizens at Work the office We take citizenship very seriously at WES. We January 18 - School Advisory Council work with our kids to help them learn that they are Meeting at 7:00 pm citizens of our school, our community, our country ALL PARENTS are very welcome to attend this and the entire globe. December was full of meeting. This is an opportunity to gather citizenship activities. Some citizenship activities information about what is happening in the that we participated in have been: school and provide input to help WES be a better - Entertaining the residents of the Battle River place to live and learn. Lodge and Wainwright Extended Healthcare January 29 – No School - Non-Instructional facility. Day - Our Dare to Care groups made posters to show This marks the mid-point of the school year for our concern for and support of our troops in all students. Students will not be attending Afghanistan. These will be displayed in the school on this day as staff will be preparing for common areas of the Canadian compound in the second half of our school year. Kandahar. - Fundraising through the Rotary Club to help high school completion rates; and provincial build a school in Afghanistan. assessments of student learning. - Raising Canadian Tire Money to purchase gifts for less fortunate members of our From January to the end of February, Alberta community. Education will be conducting the annual - Running a Food Drive to benefit the local Accountability Pillar Survey. In January, parents of food bank and its patrons. students in grades 4, 7 and 10 will receive a - Participating in the "Christmas Close to survey from Alberta Education. In February, Home" activity sponsored by the students in grades 4, 7 and 10 and all teachers Wainwright and District Family and will be completing their surveys online at school. Community Support Services. - Participating in the annual Terry Fox Run All surveys are anonymous and ask questions about - Participating in the Alberta Heart and experiences with this school. In addition to English Stroke Jump Rope for Heart campaign. and French, the parent survey is available in - AMA School Safety Crosswalk Patrol. Mandarin, Cantonese, Punjabi, Arabic, Blackfoot, - The list goes on and on and on… Cree, Korean, Spanish and Tagalog. As an annual check-up on the education system, the Parental Involvement at WES Accountability Pillar provides an opportunity for Would you like to become more involved with Alberta Education and school authorities to ensure the great team here at WES? We offer many that we"re equipping students for success. Your opportunities and are always looking for help. participation in the survey helps, so we encourage Some examples include, volunteering in a you to return your survey promptly. classroom to help a teacher with students in small group reading, helping out with our Survey results will be available to jurisdictions in activities such as the Terry Fox Run, May 2010, and will be reported publicly by Kinderwalk, Santa"s Workshop, WES School jurisdictions as part of their 3-Year Education Plans Council, Winter Active day, and Track & Field and Annual Education Results Reports. days. We love our volunteers and are always looking for their help and support. If you are interested in becoming involved please feel free Winter Weather and Outdoor Clothing to contact the school. It is our practice to promote healthy activity for our students outdoors as much as possible. During recess breaks we will be trying to go outside for Attention All Volunteers: some of the time on most days. This will mean that We love our volunteers and want to keep them as all students must have appropriate winter wear an active part of our school community! In the (boots, coats, headgear, and mittens) so they can interests of the safety of the students in the play outside comfortably. We try to make sure schools of the Buffalo Trail Public School students are properly dressed and we would Division – please be reminded that all volunteers appreciate it if you were able to both ensure that are required to complete a "Volunteer they have proper winter wear and reinforce the need Declaration Form". We trust that you will find to wear it when outside. If the temperature outside this to be a positive initiative, as it is designed to is -25 degrees Celsius with or without the wind ensure the safety of all children. If you volunteer chill, students will stay indoors for recess. The in the school any capacity and have not had a temperature will be checked on the Environment chance to do so yet, please stop by the office and Canada Website throughout the day, so if it warms complete the form. up to -24 degrees Celsius, with our without the wind chill, children will go outside. Please remember your winter clothing at all times. Accountability Pillar Surveys You may have recently seen newspaper articles on Provincial Achievement Tests (PATs) or Winter Clothing and Bus Students changes to the Grade 12 Diploma Exams. Both Bus students need to be reminded to PATs and Diploma Exams contribute to the always wear proper clothing when Accountability Pillar, a tool used by Alberta riding the bus. Bus drivers can Education to evaluate how well the education refuse entry onto the bus if a student system is meeting the expectations of parents is not properly dressed. BTPS policy and the public. All parents want to know that states that buses will operate unless the temperature their children are receiving a quality education. or the combined wind chill temperature exceeds –45 Grades are important but there is more to it than degrees Celsius. The bus will get very cold very that. A quality education helps all children make quickly if it happens to quit on a bus route. Proper the most of their talents and abilities. clothing will go a long way in keeping a child warm until the situation is rectified. Fashion is usually The Accountability Pillar uses a set of 16 forgotten quite quickly when the cold sets in! indicators consisting of surveys of students, parents and teachers on various aspects of quality; student outcomes such as dropout and A Change of Clothes WES School Community Donates To Help the We are asking parents, especially those with Canadian Rotary Centennial Project children in ECS to Grade 3, to please supply Our students in Grades 1 to 6 enjoyed an your children with a spare change of clothes to "Afternoon at the Movies" on December 18th to keep in their lockers at the school. Often we do help raise funds for this worthwhile project. not have extra clothes for students to change into We raised a total of $1143.50 between our Silver when there are spills, slips, or accidents. Collection at our Christmas Concert and our "Afternoon at the Movies", to donate to the project. As well, the Rotary Club is matching 50 cents for THANK YOU! THANK YOU! THANK YOU! every dollar we raised. Good work everyone! We have tried to express our appreciation for the Thank you to all that were able to help with this many parents who make our school a better place cause. to live and learn. At WES we feel very much that parents and friends of WES are valuable Kudos to our Local East – Alta Co-op members of the educational team. It is Friday, December 18th was a big day in our school wonderful to see so many parents in our school for many reasons. One of these was the "movie in in a volunteer role. Through the Christmas the gym" activity that we enjoyed. We realized that Season, we had an amazing number of you can"t have a movie without popcorn and our volunteers who came into our school and helped friends at our local Co-op store came to our rescue. out with the many exciting events. We try to say They donated all of the popcorn and supplies to thank you, however we want to make sure that make over 500 bags of popcorn. Mrs. Golding also all of our volunteers know how much we came in and popped the popcorn with Mrs. Hoey appreciate the difference you make in our school. and Mrs. Stang – what a big job! Thank you to our We focus on the virtues during the school year local Cooperative for being such a huge supporter and the message that we are trying to send is of our school as well as our volunteers who helped reinforced when we can point to the many bring this fun activity to our kids. volunteers as fine examples of excellence in citizenship. THANK YOU ALL!!! Accelerated Reading /Library News: The Book Fair was a success providing books for our shelves and prizes for our Accelerated Reading Program. We raised $2497.77 for our Library. Thanks to our parents, the students, and the volunteers for their support and help during the book fair. Many thanks to the school staff WEPA Santa's Workshop especially for the extras that are asked of them What a huge success! We, at WES, are very during the book fair. appreciative of our parent association WEPA, as well as all parent volunteers. We are also The following students have joined the grateful for the terrific response by parents and 100 Point Club for Accelerated Reader community members who donated items to the as of Dec. 17, 2009: workshop. Our students were excited to Mannix, Nolan Grade 2 105.4 purchase gifts for their family members for McCracken, Eric Grade 2 133.5 Christmas. The gift of giving is the greatest gift Smith, Matthew Grade 2 131.8 of all. Keer, Ariane Grade 3 123.0 "Close to Home" Gifts for Seniors Cornish, Brayden Grade 5 111.7 Krinbill, Mckenna Grade 5 245.1 We want to express our gratitude to all members Pospolita, Elizabeth Grade 5 127.4 of our school community who contributed to this Radujko, Emily Grade 5 168.9 worthy cause. Well done students, staff and Taylor, Jacaida Grade 5 114.8 community for your heartfelt generosity to help Wood, Brenden Grade 5 109.9 brighten the day of needy local seniors. Stonehocker, Tyson Grade 6 124.8 Christmas Concert: The Best Gift Ever Congratulations to all. Our students and staff put on another awesome performance for our Christmas Concert. We very much appreciate the support shown by the large number of people able to attend our performances. It is worth all of the time and After School Floor Hockey Wraps Up effort invested into our concert when we have The Grades 4-6 Boys Floor Hockey Program had 30 such a huge level of support from our boys attend. The boys worked on teamwork, fair community. Thank you! Also, our appreciation play, and positive attitudes towards their friends. goes out to Mr. Brink for taking the time to Focus was on skill development and knowledge of introduce the play to our school and for helping the game. We are fortunate to have quality organize this event, to Mr. Bell for running the equipment sponsored by Wainwright Wellness sound system, and to Nancy Bullock for her Forever and our physical education budget. Mr. piano playing during our week of caroling. Pullen and Mr. Mitchell were impressed with the positive attitudes, and skill development. Well done boys! After School Curling program in Full Swing Grade 2 Beach Day Students in grades 5-6 have been teaming up January 28th will see our kids in with junior high students from Wainwright High grade two celebrating the School to curl on Tuesdays from 4:00-5:00 p.m. "middle" of winter with a Our students have been working on skill beach day. Our grade 2 classes will development and socialization. Mrs. Caron and dress and have activities suitable for a more Mrs. Doetzel are the supervisors for the program tropical climate. Please remember to have your which is run by Mrs. Mary Frank from the child in grade 2 wear clothes that fit our Canadian Wainwright High School. We appreciate her winter as they will need to be dressed warmly for efforts to continue to include our students in this their trip to and from our school. lifelong activity. The students are performing well and enjoying another unique Canadian Grade 3 Medieval Day pastime – Well done! January 28th – Hear Yea! Hear Yea! Calling all members of the Grade 3 WES Kingdom. This is an exciting day of exciting activity set in Medieval Times. Grade 3 parents will receive notes from their children"s teachers outlining the plans for this January is a cold time of the year and it is always exciting event. Parents, please remember that if you fun to have a few exciting events to break up this are sending a costume for your child on the bus with time of the year. The student events for the them, they must adhere to the rules regarding carry month of January will include: on items on our school buses. After School Basketball Program All girls and boys are encouraged to sign up for our Grades 4-6 Boys and Girls Basketball program that starts Halfway Hat Day –February 1, 2010 – This is a on Monday, January 11th after school day for the entire school to show their school spirit. from 3:30-5:00 p.m. Please contact Mr. Mitchell Normally we don"t allow hats in school, however at 842-3361 if you have any questions. All this is an opportunity for all students to wear their students will be given a permission slip that favorite winter hats (they can be normal winter hats needs to be completed in order for students to or decorated in a winter theme). take part in the program. This program is non- threatening and is open to all students. Please Jump Rope For Heart come out and give it a try. Once again Grades 4, 5, and 6 will be participating in The Heart and Stroke Foundation"s Jump Rope Kindergarten Kinderwalk For Heart day on February 11, 2010. We will be This annual event will take place on January 27th sending home permission slips with your child that for the Monday/Wednesday classes, and January will need to be signed and returned prior to student 28th for the Tuesday/Thursday classes. A note participating. We will also be sending out the will go home with your child letting you know of pledge forms with all students in these grades. We the starting time. This is one of the major ask that all pledge forms be returned to the fundraisers for the KAP and the children really school, even if no funds are raised. enjoy the activity filled day. Students that raise money toward this cause will be permitted to participate. Wainwright Wellness Forever Proudly Presents… Friday, January 29th is just going to be a lazy day full of TV and video games, right? WRONG!!! Please mark this day on your calendar to come on out for some free shinny hockey and public skating at the PMM as well as a "twoonie swim" at the Wainwright Communiplex. Come and join your friends and have some fun on this day off of school.
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For dampening exhaust gas noise a muffler contains two portions, of which one is adapted to take care of high frequency noise and includes dampening material, and the other is adapted to take care of low frequency noise and is devoid of such material. The latter portion includes an inner, perforated tube, a surrounding casing and wall means for subdividing the casing axially as well as transversely. The length of the tube is compatible with the lowest frequency of the noise to be divided, and the location of the wall means is selected as to form chambers of varying lengths compatible with other frequencies within the low frequency zone.
The high frequency portion may be fitted concentrically around the low frequency portion, or may be located so as to form an axial extention thereby.
The means communicating the low and the high frequency portions may include a radial diffusor.
1. In a muffler for dampening exhaust noise composed of sound waves having various frequencies:
an axially extending tube adapted to be connected to an exhaust pipe,
a casing surrounding said tube, and being devoid of dampening material,
first axial wall means extending longitudinally of said tube to subdivide said casing into at least two mutually separate spaces,
second transverse wall means extending radially from said tube to subdivide at least one of said spaces into at least two mutually separate chambers, and
openings in the wall of said tube for individually communicating the interior of said tube with said at least one sub-divided space and said two chambers,
the openings communicating said tube with said at least one sub-divided space being located along part of the axial extension of said tube, to form said space into a resonator compatible with the lowest frequency to be dampened.
2. In an exhaust gas muffler
a first portion including an inner, perforated tube attachable to an exhaust pipe, a casing devoid of dampening material, enclosing said inner tube and wall means subdividing said casing axially as well as transversely into a number of separate chambers,
a second portion including dampening material,
a common outer housing defined by a shell plate and two end plates enclosing said first and said second portions,
an inlet to and an outlet from said muffler located at one of said end plates, and
an internal return chamber for conducting gas from said first portion to said second portion.
3. The muffler according to claim 2, in which the return chamber means is formed as a radial diffusor.
4. The muffler according to claim 3, in which said radial diffusor is inwardly defined by the half shell of a toroid body and outwardly by an outer-quarter shell of a toroid body combined with an abutment plate.
5. The muffler according to claim 4, in which said abutment plate, at least partly, is formed as a conical shell, the generating line of which is selected so as to maintain a substantially constant cross sectional area during the first 90� of the deflection of the gas pass, and thereafter causes an expansion of the area.
6. The muffler according to claim 2, in which said second portion is located concentrically around said first portion, said return chamber means communicating with a return flow passage, being inwardly defined by the casing of said first portion.
7. The muffler according to claim 6, in which the cross sectional area of said return passage is at least 50% bigger than that of said inner tube.
8. The muffler according to claim 6 further including a perforated plate, outwardly defining said return passage.
9. The muffler according to claim 8, in which said perforated plate is provided with outwardly tapering perforations.
10. The muffler according to claim 8 further including a wire mesh concentrically arranged with respect to said perforated plate for maintaining the dampening material of said second portion at a distance from said perforated plate.
11. The muffler according to claim 8 further including guide walls for subdividing said return passage into a number of parallel ducts.
12. The muffler according to claim 11 having an outlet connected radially to its shell, in which said guide walls, adjacent to said outlet are bent in relation to the longitudinal axis of the casing, the cross sectional areas within said ducts being maintained substantially uniform by an increase of the radial distance between said casing and said perforated plate.
13. The muffler according to claim 2, comprising a first low frequency dampening portion and a second high frequency dampening portion arranged axially with respect to each other, and having substantially the same cross sectional area, and having said inlet and said outlet arranged concentrically in one of said end plates.
14. The muffler according to claim 13, in which the second portion, as well as the surrounding part of the return flow passage tapers in the direction towards said outlet.
15. The muffler according to claim 13, in which the return flow passage extends through said second portion and within said second portion tapers in the direction towards said outlet.
16. In an exhaust gas muffler
a first portion including an inner part perforated tube attachable to an exhaust pipe,
a casing enclosing said inner tube and wall means subdividing said casing axially as well as transversely into a number of separate chambers,
a second portion forming an annular chamber surrounding the first portion,
a common outer housing defined by a shell plate and two end plates enclosing said first and said second portions,
an inlet to said first portion axially connected to one of said end plates and an outlet from said second portion directed radially outwards from said shell adjacent to said one end plate,
means for mounting dampening material within said second portion and within at least one of the chambers in said first portion located outside of an unperforated part of said inner tube,
openings in said inner tube for communicating the interior of said inner tube with those compartments in said first portion being devoid of dampening material and
further openings in said casing for communicating said second portions with said at least one chamber in said first portion supplied with dampening material.
The present invention refers to an exhaust muffler to be used in connection with internal combustion engines. The exhaust noise is composed of a number of different frequencies and corresponding wave-lengths. In order to obtain an efficient dampening of the noise it is customary to design one portion of the muffler mainly to take care of the frequency zone > 1000 Hz and a second portion to take care of the zone < 1000 Hz. The border line between these two zones is not a fixed one, but will be lower with increasing muffler size, and vice versa. It is evident that the operating domains of the two muffler portions will have to overlap, so an acceptable dampening within all frequency intervals is obtainable.
The dampening action within the low-frequency portion is mainly reactive (reflection). An analysis of this function is most easily obtained by considering a pure expansion chamber, which is the basic concept from the acoustic point of view.
An expansion chamber includes an enlargement of the cross sectional area along part of the flow tube, the area relationship chamber/tube determining the maximum dampening, and the length of the chamber determining the frequencies to be dampened according to the well-known relationship L=(v/4f) where L is the length of the chamber, v is the velocity of sound, and f is the frequency (See U.S. Pat. No. 2,332,543). The basic concept of the simple expansion chamber may be augmented in different ways, so a dampening within a broad field of frequencies is obtainable.
By conducting the gasses through a tube having outwardly tapering perforations within the chamber, the resistance to flow may be considerably reduced. The outwardly directed cones have two primary objects.
(1) The resistance to flow will be reduced compared with the conventional bores, as the flowing gases to a large extent will be retained in the tube, and do not flow through the chamber.
(2) The generation of noise due to the perforations is eliminated. With a conventional perforation as oscillation of a certain frequency is often stabilized, the parameters being the velocity of flow and the axial distance between extension of the bores. Tests have shown that this phenomenon may result in an increase of the exhaust noise amounting to 5-10 dB.
By locating the perforations along part of the axial extension of the tube it is possible to achieve the advantages of a tubular resonator. Such a resonator is, in the conventional concept, an expansion chamber, where the tube has been extended into either or both ends of the expansion chamber.
By dividing an expansion chamber in two or more axially spaced compartments, which each will communicate individually with the tube by way of perforations, it is possible to tune the muffler exactly to selected frequencies. The perforations are then located at certain portions of the axial extension of the tube, and preferably, to some extent, differently at different spaces.
By dividing one or more of the spaces into two or more compartments by means of transverse walls the tuning possibilities are further increased.
By locating the transverse walls at suitable positions it is possible, in combination with suitably distributed perforations at the tube, to obtain a satisfactory dampening at frequencies corresponding to the total length of expansion chamber, as well as with the pass band obtainable with a muffler of conventional design.
The dampening function of the high frequency portion is mainly resistive (absorption).
An absorption muffler usually includes an expansion chamber through which a perforated tube is extended, and where the volume of the chamber to a large extent is filled with absorbing material. In order to increase the useful life of this material, this may be reinforced by a stretched - metal sheet, and/or be retained at some distance from the perforated tube by means of a wire mesh. A further increase of the useful life is obtained if the perforations are formed as tapering projections which will largely eliminate the influence of the gas flow upon the absorbing material.
The frequency interval (wave length interval) which may be dampened with an absorption muffler of this type is determined by the thickness of the layer of absorbing material (lower frequency limit) and the radial distance to the dampening material (upper frequency limit). For a given frequency the dampening is directly proportional to the axial extension of the dampening zone.
The invention is primarily concerned with the low frequency portion of a muffler and includes a tube being perforated along at least one part of its axial extension and a surrounding casing forming dampening chamber means communicating with the tube and being devoid of dampening material.
The invention is characterized in that the chamber means by axial partition walls is subdivided into at least two mutually separate spaces and that at least one of these spaces by at least one transverse wall is subdivided into separate compartments. The perforations in the tube generally do not cover the full circumference of the tube, but vary from compartment to compartment, in such a manner that the individual compartments will be tuned to different frequency zones and furthermore the lowest frequencies, corresponding to essentially the full length of the muffler will, thus, be taken care of.
According to a development of the invention the low frequency portion is combined with a high frequency portion according to any of the alternatives to be described herebelow. The invention is then characterized in that the casing is enclosed in a housing, an inlet to and an outlet from the muffler being provided at one axial end of the housing, the end of the inner tube remote from the inlet being connected to a return chamber, which merges into a return flow passage, concentric with the casing. The high frequency portion may be located in different ways along the concentric return flow passage. The space available for mounting the muffler, and the point of the exhaust pipe at which the muffler is to be fitted, will determine which combination is the preferable one for a given occasion.
The high frequency portion may be fitted concentrically with respect to the low frequency portion, but it may also form an axial extension thereof.
The merging of the low frequency portion into the high frequency portion is preferably formed as a radial diffusor.
The cross sectional area will, with a concentric arrangement, be acoustically advantageous for dampening high frequencies, as the distance to the absorbent will be noticeably reduced, usually to about one third of that with a conventional arrangement, which will raise the upper dampening limit correspondingly, on this occasion with a factor about equal to 3.
As turbocharging of the engines, with correspondingly raised noise levels within the higher frequencies, will become more and more common, this raising of the frequency limit will be very favourable.
In order to obtain an optimal distribution of the pressure drop within the muffler the cross sectional area of the high frequency portion will be larger than that of low frequency portion. The reason is that the boundary surface is bigger at the high frequency portion.
With respect to space requirement the different combinations of the low and the high frequency portions represent alternatives varying from a compact body of short length, but having a big diameter, to an elongate shape. Common for most of them is that inlet and outlet are located at the same end of the muffler, the outlet being fitted either in the shell plate or in an end plate. The muffler may thus be fitted as an "appendix" to the exhaust pipe which permits mounting in an unconventional manner, for instance in a pocket in the chassis of a vehicle. Also with the compact embodiment (having the absorbent concentrically inside the shell) such a mounting is possible, on occasions when temperature restriction would otherwise require a heat insulation in conventional types of mufflers.
The radial diffusor connecting the low and the high frequency portions will aid in the dampening within the low frequency and the infrasound frequencies (infra sound < 20 Hz). As the environmental influence of lower frequencies are now more closely observed the dampening action of the radial diffusor is valuable.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of the low frequency portion of a muffler,
FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the same,
FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section on a somewhat reduced scale,
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a muffler including a low frequency and a high frequency portion,
FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the same,
FIG. 6 shows, on a larger scale, a portion of the inner flow tube,
FIG. 7 shows schematically, a fold-out picture of the shell plate adjacent to the outlet,
FIGS. 8-11 shows different locations of the high frequency portion in relation to the low frequency portion,
FIG. 12 shows an end portion of a muffler according to a modified embodiment and
FIG. 13 shows a cross section along line XIII--XIII in FIG. 12.
The low frequency portion shown in FIGS. 1-3 includes a tube 10 connectable in any suitable manner to the exhaust pipe from an internal combustion engine, as well as a casing 11 enclosing the tube. The casing does not contain any dampening material, but forms a reflection dampening chamber. This chamber is, by means of axially running partition walls 12, subdivided into a number of spaces, which in FIG. 2 are marked 13-16. The partition walls are here symmetrically arranged, but it is also possible to locate the partition walls so differently sized cross sectional areas are obtained in the spaces. Some of these spaces are further subdivided into compartments by means of transverse walls 17. The location of these transverse walls will determine the volume of the individual compartments. In FIGS. 1 and 3 it is thus intimated that compartments 14a and 14b have about the same volume, whereas 15a only extends along about one fourth of the total length, and compartment 15b extends over the remainder thereof.
Tube 10 is perforated so it communicates with each compartment. By selecting the total area of the perforations, as well as the location thereof, so the opening will extend over part of the axial extension of the pertaining compartment, possibilities for an exact tuning to various frequencies is obtainable.
The openings 18 are, in a manner known per se, surrounded by truncated cones, directed away from the tube. As mentioned above, the resistance to flow, as well as the risk of secondary noise phenomena, will hereby be reduced.
The perforations, in the low frequency portion, as well as in the following high frequency portion are preferably arranged in a triangular pattern, as this will permit the highest degree of perforation (with circular openings) and furthermore provides the best surface with respect to the gas flow, even if the highest degree of perforation is not utilized. In order to obtain the biggest axial distance between the openings the basis of the triangle is located transversely with respect to the axial direction of the tube. This conical shape has proven efficient, even if the degree of perforation amounts to 40%. A degree of perforation about equal to 30-35% may be used in the low frequency as well as in the high frequency portion, the height of the conus then being about one half of the diameter of the opening, and the angle at the apex being 45-60 degrees.
A low frequency portion of the type above described may be combined with a high frequency portion of arbitrary form and having any suitable location, but according to the invention the high frequency portion is preferably located so it encloses the low frequency portion. The muffler shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 includes a low frequency portion, as well as a high frequency portion. The first mentioned one is of principially the same design as that described in connection with FIGS. 1-3, but the tube 10 is terminated by a radial diffusor 20, forming a return chamber, directing the gases into the high frequency portion. This is outwardly defined by a shell plate 21 and is partly filled with dampening material 22. This is retained in its proper position by means of a wire mesh 23.
A return flow passage 24 surrounding the low frequency portion is inwardly defined by the casing thereof, and outwardly by a perforated plate 25. The perforations in this plate are referably also of the conical type.
The arrangement is selected so the cross sectional area of the return flow passage will be 40 to 50% bigger than that of the tube 10, in order to compensate for the friction along the larger contact areas. Wire meash 23 is fitted in such a manner that a free space is formed just outside the perforated plate 25. The radial distance between wire mesh 23 and plate 25 is one of the parameters determining the high frequency dampening, and will thus be adapted to the dampening requirements.
The outlet 26 from the muffler is here directed radially outwards adjacent to the inlet connection at tube 10.
The radial diffusor 20 is inwardly defined by the half shell 27 of a toroid, and is outwardly defined by the quarter-shell 28 of a toroid, and a central abutment plate 29.
As indicated by dotted lines at 30, this abutment plate may be wholly or partly substituted by a conical member, the generating line of which is selected so the flow area will remain substantially constant during the first 90� of the deflection of the gases, and thereafter permits an expansion.
The return flow passage 24 is preferably subdivided into a number of parallel ducts by means of guide walls 31. As the outlet 26 is directed radially outwards, and the axial flow of the gases will have to be deflected by 90�, it is advantageous, by bending the guide walls 31 adjacent to the outlet, to direct the flow within the ducts towards the outlet.
FIG. 7 shows a fold-out picture of the casing wall 11 adjacent to the outlet. Outlet 26 has a rectangular cross section, and is subdivided into two passages by means of an internal wall. The uppermost guide wall 31a is directed straight into the outlet, and the two adjacent guide walls 31b are likewise straight, but are terminated at a distance from the outlet. The horizontally located guide walls 31c are bent towards the side walls of the outlet conduit, and the lower, sideward guide walls 31d are likewise bent towards outlet 26, but are terminated at a distance from the same. The lowermost guide wall 31e runs straight for a substantial part of its extension, but is, adjacent to the outlet, continued by two bent baffle plates 31f.
In order to avoid pressure drop losses at the outlet caused by the reduced flow area due to the bent shape of the guide walls, the distance between the perforated plate 25 and the casing 11 should be increased, so the cross sectional area remains substantially constant.
In a modified embodiment the guide walls 31 may be wound helically around the casing, along a substantial part of the return flow conduit, from the radial diffusor 20 towards the outlet 26.
The embodiment above described permits a very compact design, and will be used when there is space available in the radial direction, or when it is desirable to reduce the axial length of the muffler.
FIGS. 8 and 9 show two alternative arrangements, where the high frequency portion is located between the low frequency portion and the radial diffusor, and between the low frequency portion and the outlet, respectively.
As in the previously described figures the perforated inlet tube is denoted by 10, the radial diffusor by 20, the return flow passage by 24 and the outlet by 26. The perforated plate, which partly defines the high frequency portion, is denoted by 25, and here forms an extension of the outer shell of the casing 11 enclosing the low frequency portion. In order to simplify an identification of the two portions, which may have varying shapes in order to meet different dampening requirements, the low frequency portion is denoted by 40, and the high frequency portion by 41.
Depending upon the requirements and available mounting space the muffler according to FIG. 9 may be modified somewhat, as indicated in FIGS. 10 and 11. In FIG. 10 the high frequency portion 41a tapers in the direction of outlet 26. The inlet is axially directed but may be bent outside the muffler, so inlet and outlet will point mainly in opposite directions.
According to FIG. 11 the high frequency portion 41b is outwardly defined by an extension of the unperforated shell plate which encloses the return flow passage 24. This passage is, within the high frequency portion continued by an annular passage 24a, defined by tapering conical walls, which thus to both sides is surrounded by dampening material. The inlet 10 and the outlet 26 are concentric just outside the end plate of the muffler.
As is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 it is not necessary that the low frequency portion occupies the full cross sectional area within casing 11 in the full axial extent thereof.
Along one, or a few compartments the casing 11 may be perforated, the corresponding part of the inner tube 10 being then devoid of perforations. The pertaining compartment 41c, or possible compartments used in the same manner, are then partly filled with dampening material 22 in the manner above described. This arrangement may for instance be combined with a high frequency portion as shown in FIG. 4, or FIGS. 8 and 9, respectively.
The embodiments above described are to be regarded as examples only, explaining a dampening principle which has proven satisfactory when reduced to praxis, and in which a number of parallel dampening chambers formed as full sectors, or axial portions thereof, cut out of the surrounding cylindrical volume, may be tuned for dampening different frequencies and varying intensities, in such a manner that the remaining noise level will not show any marked peaks. The application of this principle may be applied in other ways than those shown.
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