text:
Everyday Minerals Semi-Matte Foundation
540 reviews
68% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.4
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.4
Price: $$
Not tested on animals
INGREDIENTSIngredients: Mica, Layroyl Lysine. MAY CONTAIN: Titanium Dioxide, Iron Oxides, Ultramarines.
on 12/9/2009 6:50:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Other, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Other, Other, Other
Eyes: Other
EDIT: I can no longer patronise EDM. This company is so different from what it used to be. They frequently change ingredients without changing their labels, and then avoid direct questions about the matter. They choose to ignore or snark customers who have concerns about contaminated or underfilled products. Their attitude comes from the belief that their customers are easily replaced. Overall, bad business practices that should not be rewarded with loyalty.
ORIGINAL POST: I really liked the finish of this foundation when first applied, but it doesn't have good lasting power. It makes my face look really oily after a couple of hours, regardless of any primer or finishing powder. I also suspect that it gives me whiteheads if I wear it for the whole day.
The best thing about it is the range of shades, although it looks like several of the olive bases are about to be discontinued.
on 12/8/2009 10:17:00 AM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This formula did not work for me. In agreement with the previous reviewer, it looked fine after application. Within a couple of hours my face was really greasy, it was quite embarrassing when a work colleague pointed it out to me! It's just not for me.
on 11/27/2009 7:46:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Other, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Other, Other, Other
Eyes: Other
I love the look of this foundation... for the first 10 minutes after application. The finish of this makeup immediately after application makes you look like you have an inner glow without being shiny or "dewy." Not enough coverage to cover acne or skin discolorations by itself (maybe it would work better as a finishing powder?). But after 10 minutes it slips off my skin and settles into the flakies, leaving me looking like I never applied any makeup, and if I look close, my skin looks blotchy and uneven!! I have tried this alone and with the Kaolin Powder Sunlight (KPS can be used as a primer, a finishing powder, or both). I'm really disappointed because I wanted a natural makeup without a lot of icky chemicals (I'm also acne-prone). Did find a great color match for my face, did love the cheaper than cheap price of the sample kit, had no beef with the packaging, but this stuff just didn't work. Edit: forgot to mention that I used the Flat Top Brush (also from Everyday Minerals) to apply.
on 11/6/2009 8:35:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Red, Curly, Medium
Eyes: Hazel
I got this in sandy fair. Perfect match! I hate mineral makeup. Tried BE...crazy breakouts and smudgy and gross. I tried this because it was inexpensive, has great colors (unlike BE) and apparently many girls had luck with no breakouts. I bought it originally to just dust over my erno laszlo shake it for when I need more coverage while my pink spots fade. It's lovely! It covers enough and doesn't get too oily. I just touch up before it's too late! Maybe once every three hours I powder my face lightly. I got a bunch of samples too, and though I like this a lot, the intensive formula covers so much more. I think my next purchase I'll get a full size intensive as well as this for lighter days. It really evens things out, especially if used over a tinted base. I'm glad I tried this!
Also, doesn't change colors. BE turned orange. This stays true all day.
on 10/22/2009 4:10:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Acne-prone, Olive, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
I bought EM after learning that my Jane Iredale Amazing Base had bismuth in it (and because I'm trying to cut back on my expenses). I have to say that I really like this product. I have acne-prone, extreme-combination skin and usually JI would melt off of my face by noon. Not so with EM. It stays on my face all day long.
Also, the coverage of the semi-matte formula is excellent. It covers my (hopefully) soon-to-be-gone discoloration and acne scars. It really evens out my skin tone and blends naturally. Right now I'm using the color 'Neutral' and it matches my olive skin very well. (I have a lot of trouble finding foundation to match my coloring...Italian/Mediterranean.) I also have large pores on my cheeks and nose and fine smile lines near my eyes, and this doesn't seem to accent them at all, which is a problem I've found with other mineral makeups (JI aside).
If you're new to mineral makeup, please note that YOU MUST have a good brush. Right now I'm using my Jane Iredale retractable brush (very expensive, but worth it), and it works great with this product. Be sure that the brush has a flat bottom, or you won't get the results you want. Some say a Kabuki brush is best, but I respectfully disagree.
The price, free and cheap samples, fast shipping, excellent customer service, all-day staying-power, and tons of color options make this my new HG foundation, for sure. Plus, it doesn't have that nasty bismuth, which has been linked to cystic acne.
Bye, bye Jane Iredale! It's been nice knowing you!
on 10/13/2009 9:39:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Other, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Out of all the Everyday Mineral Foundations, the semi-matte formula is my favorite. I have consistently purchased this foundation for the last three years. I always have a jar of this foundation in my makeup box. I am NC 30 and use Winged Butter. Everyday Minerals has a vast selection of foundation colors for you to choose from and offer sample sizes for you to try out the color before committing to a full size jar. This foundation does a great job in evening my skintone and hiding minor scars but I do find that as the day progresses, I need to touch up because the foundation wears off. All in all, a great product and I will continue to repurchase.
on 10/9/2009 8:44:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Brown
Out of all the formulas, I like this one the most, it has a slight glow to it and great coverage!
My favorite mineral foundation. After trying many liquids, Im back to this. Much prettier than and natural looking than liquid. Plus it is so affordable!
on 10/9/2009 2:08:00 AM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Other, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Other, Other, Other
Eyes: Other
EDM was the first mineral makeup I ever tried (guess I was lucky it wasn't BE that causes irritation to so many women) and I loved it right away. Before, I sometimes would have some small pimples before my period and scars from them but after about a month after I started using EDM my skin cleared up. My mom who is in her late 50s also looks much younger wearing minerals. I like all EDM formulas except Intensive (it's just not for me) but semi-matte was the best for my slightly combination skin. It gives a natural seamless look, covers little imperfections well. The only downfall is that it starts looking a bit oily later in the day during summer when it's hot but I have yet to find a mineral foundation that doesn't, plus it's easy to fix using blotting paper. And secondly, it wears off eventually so in the evening you don't have much to remove. But overall it's a very good quality.
on 9/29/2009 6:17:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Acne-prone, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This is my HG foundation, I absolutely love it. My skin stays matte all day without looking cakey or fake, the coverage is great, it matches my skin, and it's so quick and easy to apply (not to mention affordable)! I really recommend this to anyone who (like me) hated the original Bare Minerals because it made them orange and shiny, and wore off so quickly. I will purchase this again and again!
on 9/7/2009 2:59:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Sensitive, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
In Everyday Minerals foundation, semi-matte is my favorite formula. =] Matte gives so much coverage that when I take it off, there is SOOO much makeup on my cotton pad, and I would just rather not have so much makeup on =/ It makes me feel so unnatural, like if I went out one day WITHOUT makeup, everyone would be like "uhhh what happened to you?!" Original glo is a little too light in coverage and kind of illuminates bad scars, which is a big NO-NO! So yup, LOVE this! =D
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text:
An integrated module is provided for measuring a flow rate of a fluid, whether gaseous or liquid, with a flow restrictor comprising a plurality of orifices adapted to a flow channel of the integrated module and a sensor mounted to measure a property of the fluid at said flow restrictor corresponding to the flow rate. The integrated module provided may be used in numerous flow systems, such as reactors, ventilators and respirators, and has the benefit of better laminarization of the flow as well as better calibration between the flow sensor and the flow restrictor for more accurate flow measurements.
1. A uniform flow apparatus comprising:
a housing having a wall that defines a flow channel through which fluid flows, wherein the flow channel has a central axis; and
a flow restrictor, with an entrance end and an exit end, disposed in the flow channel, wherein the flow restrictor comprises a plurality of orifices following a contour of the flow channel, wherein the orifices are distributed uniformly along a line extending from the central axis to the wall, and wherein the orifices produce a substantially uniform flow across the flow channel at the exit end.
2. An apparatus comprising:
a housing that defines a flow channel through which fluid flows; and,
a flow restrictor, wherein the flow restrictor has an entrance end and an exit end and is disposed in the flow channel, wherein the flow restrictor comprises at least three orifices distributed in parallel along a line extending perpendicularly from a longitudinal axis of the flow channel, and wherein each of the orifices has a shape about the longitudinal axis matching a shape of the flow channel so as to produce a substantially uniform flow across the flow channel at the exit end.
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23. A module for measuring a flow rate of a fluid in a flow system, the module comprising:
a flow restrictor disposed in a flow channel, wherein the flow restrictor creates a pressure drop;
a sensing channel having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet and the outlet communicate with the flow channel such that the pressure drop forces a portion of a fluid in the flow channel to flow through the sensing channel;
a flow sensor disposed in the sensing channel, wherein the flow sensor senses the flow of fluid through the sensing channel; and,
a housing fastened to the flow channel and containing the flow sensor and the sensing channel.
24. The module of
25. The module of
26. The module of
27. The module of
28. The module of
29. A flow restrictor having a longitudinal axis and comprising n orifices distributed along a line that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, wherein the n orifices are parallel to one another, wherein the n orifices have different cross-sectional areas, wherein the n orifices produce a substantially uniform flow across a flow channel, and wherein n>2.
30. The flow restrictor of
31. The flow restrictor of
32. The flow restrictor of
33. The flow restrictor of
34. The flow restrictor of
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to flow sensors and, more particularly, to a flow sensor with an integrated flow restrictor.
2. Description of Related Technology
Flow rate control mechanisms are used in a variety of flow systems as a means for controlling the amount of fluid, gaseous or liquid, traveling through the system. In large-scale processing systems, for example, flow control may be used to affect chemical reactions by ensuring that proper feed stocks, such as catalysts and reacting agents, enter a processing unit at a desired rate of flow. Additionally, flow control mechanisms may be used to regulate flow rates in systems such as ventilators and respirators where, for example, it may be desirable to maintain a sufficient flow of breathable air or provide sufficient anesthetizing gas to a patient in preparation for surgery.
Typically, flow rate control occurs through the use of control circuitry responsive to measurements obtained from carefully placed flow sensors. One such flow sensor is a thermal anemometer with a conductive wire extending radially across a flow channel and known as a hot-wire anemometer. These anemometers are connected to constant current sources which cause the temperature of the wire to increase proportionally with an increase in current. In operation, as a fluid flows through the flow channel and, thus, past the anemometer, the wire cools due to convection effects. This cooling affects the resistance of the wire, which is measured and used to derive the flow rate of the fluid. Another form of thermal anemometer flow sensor is a microstructure sensor, either a microbridge, micro-membrane, or micro-brick, disposed at a wall of a flow channel. In this form, the sensors ostensibly measures the flow rate by sampling the fluid along the wall of the flow channel. In either application, the thermal anemometer flow sensor is disposed in the flow channel for measuring rate of flow.
There are numerous drawbacks to these and other known flow sensors. One drawback is that the proportional relationship upon which these sensors operate, i.e., that the conductive wire or element will cool linearly with increases in the flow rate of the fluid due to forced convection, does not hold at high flow velocities where the sensors become saturated. This saturation can occur over a range from 10 m/s to above 300 m/s depending on the microstructure sensor, for example. As a result, in high flow regions, measured resistance of an anemometer, or other sensor, no longer correlates to an accurate value of the flow rate. Furthermore, because these sensors reside in the main flow channel, they are susceptible to physical damage and contamination.
In addition to these drawbacks, known flow sensors are susceptible to mis-measurement due to turbulent flow effects, i.e., non-uniformity in flow velocity and pressure, both of which exist to some degree in all flow systems. Furthermore, conventional hot-wire anemometers have a slow time response and therefore do not produce accurate flow rate values upon abrupt changes in flow velocity. In addition, they require high input power to keep the entire length of wire at an elevated temperature at zero flow.
In contrast, wall-mounted thermal microstructures may have a relatively fast time response, but offer little advantage over the hot-wire anemometers because their response times are too fast, producing flow rate values that fluctuate with turbulence conditions instead of averaging out the noise associated with such turbulence. Therefore, as the flow rate of the fluid increases, turbulence increases and the wall-mounted thermal microstructure will produce increasingly erratic measurements in response thereto.
An indirect flow sensor measuring technique that measures flow rate from a sensor positioned outside of the flow channel and improves upon some of the drawbacks of the foregoing, has been designed. In one form, ΔP pressure sensors measure a pressure drop across a flow restrictor, which acts as a diameter reducing element in the flow channel thereby creating a difference in pressure between an entrance end and an exit end of the flow restrictor. These flow restrictors have been in either honeycomb-patterned or porous metal plate flow restrictors. The pressure sensors are disposed in dead-end channels to measure the pressure drop due to the flow restrictor, with this pressure drop being proportional to the flow rate of the fluid. In other forms, the indirect flow mechanism can use a translucent tube disposed near the flow channel with a free-moving ball or indicator that rises and falls with varying flow rate conditions in the flow channel, or a rotameter, such as a small turbine or fan, that operates as would a windmill measuring wind rate.
Though they offer some improvements over sensors disposed directly in the flow channel, all of these indirect flow sensors are hampered by calibration problems. An indirect flow sensor may be calibrated to work generally with certain types of restrictors, e.g., honeycomb restrictors, but imprecise restrictor geometry results in variations in pressure and, therefore, variations in measured flow rate. And, furthermore, the sensors are not calibrated for use with other types of restrictors.
In addition to these deficiencies of indirect flow sensors, known flow restrictors further hamper flow measuring mechanisms because they do not produce uniform, laminarizing flow of the fluid. Non-uniformities in the cross-sectional area and position of the orifices in known flow restrictors result in such non-uniform flow, an example of which occurs in a honeycomb restrictor where orifices abutting the outer wall of the flow channel are truncated to conform the restrictor to circular shape of the wall. Moreover, non-linear correlations between pressure and flow rate result from this non-uniformity, especially at higher flow rates.
Therefore, to overcome the foregoing shortcomings, it is desirable to have a flow sensor and integrated flow restrictor that reduces calibration errors and that is adapted to reduce the flow rate measurement errors created by turbulence effects at the outer edges of the flow channel and to do so at an affordable cost.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention, an integrated module for measuring a flow rate of a fluid in a flow system has a housing that defines a flow channel through which a portion of the fluid flows and a flow restrictor, with an entrance end and an exit end, disposed in the flow channel. The flow restrictor comprises a plurality of orifices adapted to the flow channel to produce substantially uniform flow across the flow channel at the exit end.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a module for measuring a flow rate of a fluid in a flow system is provided with a flow restrictor disposed in a flow channel; a flow sensor disposed in a sensing channel communicating with the flow channel via a sensing tap with an inlet end and an outlet end such that the flow restrictor creates a pressure drop across the sensing channel allowing a portion of the fluid in the flow channel to flow into the sensing channel; and a housing wherein the flow restrictor, the flow sensor, and the sensing channel are integrally formed.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a flow restrictor, for use in a flow channel, comprises a plurality of orifices adapted to the flow channel to produce a substantially uniform flow across the flow channel at an exit end of the flow restrictor.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an integrated module in accordance with the invention, wherein a flow restrictor, flow sensor, and housing are shown.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the flow restrictor in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of an exemplary flow sensor that may be used in the invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the flow sensor of FIG. 3 with an integrated flow tube disposed thereon in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a trimetric view of a pre-assembled molded integrated module in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention in which the module is formed of a singular structure.
FIG. 6 is a trimetric view of a pre-assembled integrated module in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention in which the module is formed of adapters for connecting to an existing flow system.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the housing of FIG. 1 employing extension tubes to allow the module to be used with high flow rates.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an integrated module with a flow restrictor extending beyond an inlet and an outlet tap of the sensing tap of the flow channel according to a third embodiment of the invention that may be implemented in a similar manner to the first and second embodiments.
FIG. 9 is a trimetric view of an inlet or outlet screen of FIG. 1 showing a honeycomb patterned structure.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a variation of any of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5-8 in which a pressure sensor is disposed in a channel communicating with a flow channel of the integrated module.
An integrated module 30 for use in a flow system to measure the rate of flow of a fluid therein is provided in FIG. 1. As will be apparent from the following description, the integrated module 30 may be used in numerous flow systems in which flow rate measurement is necessary, such as in a ventilator or a respirator. Further, the integrated module 30 is an improvement over the prior art addressing one or more of the problems thereof, as described above, including having a flow channel with an integrated flow restrictor and flow rate sensor that allows for calibrated flow rate measurements.
The integrated module 30 comprises a housing 32 defining a flow channel 34 into which an entering fluid may flow from a flow system via an inlet end 36, with the fluid exiting the flow channel 34 at an outlet end 38. The flow channel 34 preferably has a cross-sectional shape and size compatible with that of existing flow systems, such as to fit a 22 mm conical connector as used in ventilators and respirators and which allows approximately 200 L/min of flow rate for the entering fluid. Other diameters and varying diameters may be used. However, to ensure that the integrated module 30 is calibrated to measure an accurate flow rate of the fluid and to maintain the flow rate at the outlet end 38 at substantially the same rate as at the inlet end 36, the flow channel 34 is designed to have substantially the same cross-sectional shape and size throughout a length running along an axis 40.
The integrated module 30 has a flow sensor 42 disposed in a bypass sensing channel 44 parallel to the flow channel 34. The sensor 42 is preferably a microbridge sensor as exemplarily shown in FIG. 3 and discussed below. In operation, as the fluid flows through the flow channel 34 in the direction indicated, a portion of the fluid flows through the sensing channel 44 so that the flow sensor 42 can measure the flow rate of the fluid in the flow channel 34 indirectly without being exposed to the damage or fluctuating conditions existing in typical flow channels. In FIG. 1, the sensing channel 44 is formed by disposing a flow tube 46 over a sensing tap 48 in the flow channel 34, communicating therewith, that allows a portion of the entering fluid to flow into the sensing channel 44. Typically, the flow rate of the fluid in the sensing channel 44 will be a fraction of the flow rate of the fluid in the flow channel 34.
The sensing tap 48 of the embodiment in FIG. 1 is formed from an inlet tap 50 and an outlet tap 52 shaped with a circular cross-sectional shape, disposed on opposing sides of an entrance end (closest to the inlet end 36) and an exit end (closest to the outlet end 38) of a flow restrictor 54. The circular inlet and outlet taps 50, 52 terminate at mounting indentations 56, 58, respectively, which are fitted to receive O-rings for sealibly mounting the flow tube 46 to the sensing tap 48 to reduce leakage of the tapped portion of the fluid. Though the sensing tap 48 is shown with two taps 50, 52, other numbers of taps could be used and other methods of communicating flow from the channel 34 to channel 44 may be used. And, such other methods are considered within the scope of the invention.
The flow restrictor 54 creates a pressure drop across the inlet 50 and outlet 52 of the sensing channel which facilitates fluid flow into the sensing channel 44. This pressure drop, or pressure differential, is dependent on restrictor geometry and increases with flow rate. Furthermore, the fluid in the flow channel will have an increasingly turbulent flow as the flow rate of the fluid increases, i.e., an increasing non-uniform pressure and velocity across a given plane orthogonal to the direction of flow. In response, the flow restrictor 54, in addition to creating a pressure drop, straightens and laminarizes the flow in the flow channel 34, thereby reducing turbulence. The flow restrictor 54 reduces turbulence by forcing the fluid to flow through a series of equally spaced orifices 60. The pressure drop across the flow restrictor 54 is also dependent on the size and uniformity of these orifices 60. To further straighten and laminarize the fluid flow in the flow channel 34, two optional screens, an inlet screen 62 and an outlet screen 64 formed preferably of a honeycomb-patterned structure like those currently available, may be positioned upstream and downstream of the flow restrictor 54, respectively.
With the flow restrictor 54 of FIG. 2, for example, the orifices 60 are circular and concentrically spaced about the axis 40, which extends normal to FIG. 2. Due to the large number of orifices 60 in the flow restrictor 54, only a few are provided with reference numerals in FIG. 2. Each orifice 60 has a radial distance, R, of approximately 0.085 inches. In the preferred form, the orifices 60 are circular to adapt the flow restrictor 54 to the shape of the flow channel 34. This shape matching results in more uniform reduction of turbulence across the entire flow channel 34. Nevertheless, other geometries of orifices adapted to arbitrary cross-sectional shapes of the flow channel 34 and extending substantially parallel to the axis 40 therein may be employed. These could have a uniform repeating pattern of orifices of substantially identical hydraulic diameter throughout or a partially-repeating pattern in which orifices are symmetrically aligned about the axis 40 with other orifices of substantially the same hydraulic diameter. Other variations will be obvious from the disclosure.
The flow restrictor 54 is made from a material strong enough to withstand high flow rates of over 6000 L/min, and can be formed from multiple pieces affixed together or from a single molded structure. It is desirable to have the flow restrictor 54 formed of a temperature resistant material of high modulus of elasticity. Furthermore, for use in applications such as anesthetizing apparatus where high concentrations of potentially damaging chemicals are used or in medical applications generally where potentially damaging cleaning agents are used, the flow restrictor 54 should be made from a material that is also chemically resistant. In addition, the flow restrictor 54 requires thin walls to minimize turbulence. To this end, the flow restrictor 54 is preferably made of a nylon 6/6 resin, e.g., RTP 201� resin available from RTP Corporation of Illinois. Nylon resins are processible by injection molding, foam molding or extrusion techniques and demonstrate minimal creep defects under high load. Therefore, the use of this resin allows the flow restrictor 54 to be easily manufactured and to achieve very long useful lifetimes under heavy load conditions. In particular, nylon resins have proven more manufacturable than other materials because of their ability to uniformly fill all intricate details of the mold used to form the flow restrictor 54 and/or integrated module 30, before hardening into the final structure. The RTP 201� resin with 10% glass fill has a tensile strength of approximately 14,000 psi and an elastic modulus of approximately 700,000 psi. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other similar materials can be used to form the flow restrictor 54. For example, a polyetherimide resin such as an Ultem� 2210 resin with 20% glass by weight, available from General Electric Co., could be used. This polyetherimide resin forms a material more amorphous than semi-crystalline plastics which produce non-uniform shrinkage in the mold causing slightly warped structures. In addition, the flow restrictor 54 may be formed of various metals, plastics, resins, ceramics, or liquid crystal polymers (LCPS) which exhibit similar properties as those provided above.
As discussed above, the orifices 60 of the flow restrictor 54 have been shaped to match the curvature of an outer wall 66 of the flow channel 34. By utilizing the shape of the outer wall to create orifices of substantially the same circular shape, the flow restrictor 54 is adapted to the flow channel to reduce the non-uniform velocity effects present at the outer walls with previously known flow restrictors. Each orifice 60 is disposed concentrically with each other, with the outer wall 66, and with the axis 40. Moreover, the flow restrictor 54 has outer orifices 68 which are partially formed by the flow channel wall 66 (FIG. 1) and are uniform in shape and concentric with orifices 60. Two main support rods 70, 72 extend radially across the flow restrictor 54 to support the same and to give points of contact for affixing the flow restrictor 54 rigidly into the flow channel 34, if necessary.
Alternatively, and preferably, the flow restrictor 54 can be formed integrally with the housing 32 and outer wall 66 by using a single casting mold for the entire structure. In this form, the integrated module 30 could be entirely formed of a moldable nylon resin or the other materials referenced above. In fact, the integrated module 30 is preferably formed entirely of a nylon resin. The use of this material also gives the outer wall 66 sufficient smoothness to allow the fluid to travel through the flow channel 34 with a reduced amount of turbulence.
In addition to the two main support rods 70, 72, numerous support pairs formed of two smaller support rods aligned radially with one another are used (shown as pairs 74 a, 74 b, 76 a, 76 b, 78 a, 78 b, and 80 a, 80 b). The support pairs 74 a, 74 b through 80 a, 80 b provide additional support to the flow restrictor 54 preventing those portions of the orifices 60 between the main support rods from moving during high flow rate usage, whereas without such support pairs, the flow restrictor 54 could move, or rattle, resulting in less reduction in turbulence of the fluid and more noise measured by the sensor 42. Thus, this rigidity reduces noise in the system thereby allowing the use of a higher sensitivity sensor 42. The support pairs are formed of these smaller support rods 74 a, 74 b through 80 a, 80 b, in such a way as to form identical, mirrored orifices on each side of the axis 40 along a given radial distance, with uniformity in orifice structure and diameter being important to laminarizing the flow fluid. That is, by using the main support rods 70, 72 and support pairs 74 a, 74 b through 80 a, 80 b in this symmetrical way, any orifice 60 will be symmetric with an identical orifice 60 of equal hydraulic diameter. As is known, when the width of an opening is much greater than the distance (r) across the opening, the hydraulic diameter is approximately equal to 2r. The symmetrical and uniform hydraulic diameters of the orifices 60, 68 create uniform flow velocity at the exit end 38.
The flow rate sensor 42 is shown in FIG. 3 for exemplary purposes only because, as will be appreciated by persons of ordinary skill in the art, many types of flow sensors may be used in addition to those shown by Bohrer in U.S. Pat. No. 4,478,076 and Johnson et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,651,564 including optical flow sensors, orifice-based ΔP sensors, and pitot tubes. With the thermal microstructure form of sensor 42 being only exemplary, the operation of the flow rate sensor 42 will only be generally described below.
As a microbridge structure, the sensor 42 comprises a microchannel 88 that defines an air space into which some of the fluid flowing into the sensing channel 44 will flow, in the direction indicated. The fluid will flow across an upstream sensor 90, a heater 92, and a downstream sensor 94. In principle, the heater 92 is heated to approximately 160� C. above ambient temperature via the application of a current to a conductive wire or pattern through two heater leads 96 a, 96 b. Under no flow conditions, the upstream sensor 90 and the downstream sensor 94 would both read the same temperature due to the heater 92, i.e., both sensors would have the same measured resistance values because both are equally-spaced from the heater 92. The resistance values of the sensors 90, 94 are measured from the application of a constant current to a conductive wire or pattern forming the sensors 90, 94. As the fluid enters the flow channel 34, a portion thereof enters the sensing channel 44 with an even smaller portion thereof enters the microchannel 88 (FIG. 4), creating a flow path across the top and bottom surfaces of the heater 92 and sensors 90, 94. Convection from the flow of the fluid moves heat produced by the heater 92 away from the upstream sensor 90 and towards the downstream sensor 94, resulting in a reduction of temperature of the former and an increase in temperature in the latter. The change in temperatures produces a corresponding change in the resistance values of each sensor, with the upstream sensor 90 seeing a lower temperature therefore lower resistance and the downstream sensor 94 seeing higher temperature therefore a higher resistance. The difference between the resistance values for the two sensors 90, 94 is measured by circuitry (not shown) and used to determine the flow rate of the fluid in the sensing channel 44 from which the flow rate of the fluid in channel 34 can be determined.
The entire sensor 42 may be formed on a silicon, or other insulating semiconductor, substrate 98 upon which sits heater leads 96 a, 96 b, upstream sensor leads 100 a, 100 b, and downstream sensor leads 104 a, 104 b for connecting to control or biasing circuitry (not shown) through wire leads like the exemplary three-wire lead 104 of FIG. 5, with input, output, and ground leads that are used to control the heating and sensing functions of the sensor 42.
The sensor 42 is integrated with the flow channel 34 containing the flow restrictor 54 by affixibly mounting the sensor 42 onto the housing 32 to form the sensing channel 44. Preferably, the sensor 42 is first adhesively mounted to a substrate base 106, supporting the lead 104 and providing a wire-bond connection thereto, which is then adhesively mounted to the flow tube 46 creating the structure of FIG. 4. The substrate 106 can be formed of an alumina ceramic, for example. An epoxy is used for the adhesive mounting. Wire bonds 108, 110 extending from the sensor 42 are attached to conductive pads on the substrate 106 before the substrate is mounted to a top opening in the flow tube 46 (FIG. 5). These wire bonds 108, 110. connect directly to the wire leads 104 via the conductive pads depending on the design of the sensor 42 and substrate 106.
The flow tube 46 is compatible with attachment to the sensing tap 48 for forming an air tight sensing channel parallel to the flow channel. The flow tube 46 can be made of an nylon resin, ceramic or other above-mentioned materials. By epoxying the flow tube 46 to the substrate 106, the microchannel 88 will be exposed to receive a portion of the fluid that flows into the sensing channel 44. An advantage of affixing the flow tube 46 directly to the substrate 106 before mounting it onto the housing 32 is that the combined structure can be more easily attached to the integrated module 30 in an aligned position with the more sensitive alignment of the microchannel 88 having already occurred. This method also helps protect the wire bonds 108, 110 during assembly.
As stated above, the integrated module 30 is designed to be installed into existing flow systems, and to facilitate this installation in one embodiment the integrated module 30 is formed of a housing with molded inlet and outlet mounts 120,122 as shown in FIG. 5. The inlet and outlet mounts 120, 122 are preferably 22 mm conical connectors which are easily adapted for use in a flow system. The entire structure, i.e., including the housing 32, the inlet mount 120, and the outlet mount 122, can be formed of the nylon resin or other materials referenced above. Alternatively, the conical mounts 120, 122 can be replaced by threaded screw mounts or rubber O-ring connections to sealibly connect with an existing flow system. Furthermore, the inlet and outlet mounts 120,122 can have a screen recess space 124 for optionally placing the upstream inlet screen 62 and a downstream outlet screen 64 of FIG. 1.
The integrated module 30 of FIG. 5 is further depicted with a rectangularly shaped sensing tap recess 126 into which the flow tube 46 will be sealed, with the recess 126 extending from the inlet end 50 (not shown) to the outlet end 52 of the sensing tap 48. The mounting indentation 58 for the outlet end 52 is also depicted and, along with the mounting indentation 56 for the inlet end 50, is sized to receive rubber O-rings for sealibly attaching the flow tube 46 to the recess 126.
A cover 128, disposed against the rear side of the substrate 106 opposite the sensor 42 (shown in phantom), protects the sensor 42 from environmental effects and clamps the sensor 42 and flow tube 46 against the sensing tap 48 of the housing 32. Clamping is achieved primarily in two ways. First, notches 130 on the cover 128 are disposed to snap in place over pegs 132 of the housing 32. Second, the cover 128 has two oppositely disposed, horseshoe-=shaped tabs 134, 136 that are flexible in a spring-like manner. As the cover 128 is snapped into place over the pegs 132, the two tabs 134, 136 will contact the top surface of the substrate 106 and thereby protrude slightly upward while applying a restraining downward force onto the substrate 106. The cover 128 can be made from similar resins as the other components. Additionally, the cover 128 also has an upper connection portion 138 which forms an electrical receptacle with a lower connection portion 140 of the housing 32, both of which house the wire lead 104 when the cover is snapped in place to form an electrical receptacle for connecting the lead 104 to external circuitry.
An alternative embodiment of an integrated module 146 is shown in FIG. 6, wherein a housing 150 defining the flow channel 34 is formed with an inlet mount 152 and an outlet mount 154 which are attached to adaptors 156, 158, respectively. Thus, the housing 150, inlet mount 152, and outlet mount 154 are not formed of a single molded structure like that of the embodiment in FIG. 5. The integrated module 146 uses the sensor 42. The embodiment of FIG. 6, however, shows an alternative means of mounting the sensor, whereby the flow tube 46 is affixed to the housing 150 before the substrate 106 is epoxied to the flow tube 46. The mounting steps of FIG. 5 could also be used.
The integrated module 146 requires less manufacturing expense; is packaged in a smaller form; and allows the customer greater versatility in mounting than the embodiment of FIG. 5. For example, a customer may prefer that the mounts 152 and 154 take the form of rubber O-rings which can be placed into adaptors 156, 158 or tapered threaded screw mounts, either of various sizes. Alternatively, the customer could choose to clamp the module 146 to a manifold.
Screw mounting through holes 160 a,160 b and 162 a, 162 b may be used to attach the adaptors 156, 158, respectively, to the housing 150 at the manufacturing facility. An epoxy, heat-stake, or other method may also be used instead. Further, O-rings 164, 168 may used to form a better contact between the adaptors 156, 158 and the housing 150. Optional screens 62, 64 may be placed on either an inlet end or an outlet end of the flow channel 34, or both. Moreover, the adaptors 156, 158 have industry standard end connections that can receive standard 22 mm conical connectors (ISO 5356), such as those used in ventilators and respirators. A cover 170 is similar to that of the cover 128 except that notches 172 are used to fasten the cover 170 in place. And while it is not shown, the cover 170 could have tabs similar to those of FIG. 5.
In any of the previous embodiments, the flow channel 34 can be used to pass fluid of very high flow rates. For example, flow rate above 5,500 L/min can be achieved with a 3 inch diameter flow channel. It may be desirable, under high flow operating conditions however, to deploy extensions to the inlet end 50 and outlet end 52 of the sensing tap 48. In FIG. 7 exemplary extensions are shown as narrow hollow tubes 174,176, respectively. These tubes 174,176 magnify the pressure differential across the sensing channel 44 and further restrict the flow entering the sensing channel to prevent damage and reduce noise that could result from high flow rates. The tubes 174, 176 have a hollow core with a diameter approximately equal to that of the ends 50, 52 and are aligned to extend the same distance into the channel 34 from each respective end.
An advantage of the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 5-7 is that the sensor 42 can be calibrated to produce accurate flow rate measurements for a given flow restrictor. To calibrate the integrated module 30 or 146, first, testing is performed at no flow conditions to measure the null output of the sensor 42. The gain stage feedback resistor of a gain amplifier (not shown but disposed on control circuitry connected to either the sensor 42 or the substrate 98) is trimmed until the sensor output is at a predetermined voltage, such as 1V. Second, a fluid flowing at a known flow rate such as 200 L/min is passed through the flow channel 34 producing a voltage output from the sensor 42. The gain stage of the sensor 42 is further trimmed at this operating output to a predetermined voltage, such as 6V. In this way, the sensor is calibrated to produce output voltages over a defined range compatible with the functional voltage input ranges of any connecting circuitry. Furthermore, by calibrating the output range in this manner, sensitive flow sensors may be used thus allowing the flow rate of gases to be readily measured.
While in the preferred embodiment the flow restrictor 54 is that of FIG. 2, in any of the embodiments of FIGS. 5-7 other known flow restrictors, such as a orifice-based flow restrictor or a honeycomb flow restrictor, can be used. However, these flow restrictors may create pressure drops across the sensing channel but are not adapted for use with a particular flow channel in that they do not reduce turbulence uniformly across the entire flow channel 34, as occurs with the concentrically orificed flow restrictor 54.
In addition, in any of the above embodiments a flow restrictor 180, which is identical to the flow restrictor 54 but longer, may extend beyond the inlet end 50 and outlet end 52 of the sensing tap 48 as shown in FIG. 8. In such an embodiment, the sensor 42 (not shown) measures the flow rate based on the pressure drop between the inlet end 50 and the outlet end 52 of the sensing channel 44. Though these two ends 50, 52 are not disposed outside of the flow restrictor 180, there will be a pressure drop between the two (as well as a laminarizing of the flow), from which the sensor 42 can measure flow rate. Pressure drop, i.e., pressure differential, is created in primarily three ways by a flow restrictor. First, a pressure drop is created as the fluid enters the restrictor. Second, a further pressure drop is created as the fluid exits the restrictor. Third, a still further pressure drop occurs as the fluid is flowing through the flow restrictor. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the sensor 42 measures flow rate based upon a pressure drop across the sensing channel 44 from all three factors because the inlet tap 50 and outlet tap 52 are disposed on opposite sides of the flow restrictor 54. Whereas, with the longer flow restrictor 180, the sensor 42 will measure a flow rate based upon a smaller pressure drop that includes the drop in pressure due to the first and third factors described above, because the flow restrictor 180 extends beyond the taps 50, 52. An advantage of using this longer flow restrictor arrangement, is that a longer flow restrictor produces a more laminar flow with less noise measured by the sensor 42.
As shown by example in FIGS. 1, 5 and 6, the inlet screen 62 and the outlet screen 64 may be used to further straighten and laminarize the flow as well as reduce the Reynold's number in the flow channel 34. The inlet and outlet screens 62, 64 may be any type of flow laminarizer, including a honeycomb-patterned screen 190 (FIG. 9), a woven polyester, or a structure similar to the flow restrictors 54 180.
In the foregoing embodiments, a flow sensor in the form of a thermal microstructure is used. Alternatively as shown in FIG. 10, a differential pressure (ΔP) sensor 192 can be deployed in the channel 44 for measuring the pressure of the flowing fluid. The pressure differential created by the flow restrictor 54 between the inlet 50 and the outlet 52 is measured by the sensor 192 from which a flow rate of the fluid can be derived. The sensor 192 is positioned across the sensing channel 44, thus precluding the flow of fluid across the channel 44.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, although the teachings of the invention have been illustrated in connection with certain embodiments, there is no intent to limit the invention to such embodiments. On the contrary, the intention of this patent is to cover all modifications and embodiments fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.
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Riva Degli Schiavoni, Castello 4149, Venice
- Recommended for:
- Couples, Foodies, Honeymooners, Mature travellers, Celebrity spotting, Romance, Special occasions
Best for Gourmets - Expert review of Met
Corrado Fasolato, the only chef on the lagoon with two Michelin stars, is a Veneto native who passed through the hands of Ferran Adrià on the Costa Brava and Jacques le Divellec in Paris before coming home to roost in the Metropole Hotel (see Hotel Metropole). There's nothing simple about Fasolati's creations – which range from Venetian with major twists, to fusion so extreme that what comes out at the end is something quite unique – but his way with ingredients brings out the flavour and texture of each so that he skates well on the safe side of pretension.
The menu changes according to what's freshest, but Fasolati's signature dishes include a carbonara where instead of the usual pasta, a variation on the traditional eggy sauce is served on the thinnest strips of cuttlefish; and a rum and cigar flavoured dessert which is like nothing else. Coffee slips into his dishes in strange places, as does the classic Italian moka coffee maker, out of which emerge strangely delicious broth and fruit concoctions to tease the palate. On my most recent visit, the sea bass steamed over a grassy mixture of herbs and spices and served with vanilla-flavoured olive oil was exquisite. Unusually for a restaurant of this calibre, wine can be ordered by the glass, allowing you to experiment with pairings from one course to another.
A recent makeover removed much of Met's red plush and left the spaces looking just a little bare. Unfortunately, the pretty garden (open noon-midnight) outside isn't for diners: it only functions as a bar with drinks and snacks.
Though professional in the extreme, service can be a touch too hushed and deferential until you strike up a rapport. Met serves evening meals only, except on Saturday and Sunday when there's lunch too.
Inside the five-star Hotel Metropole.
There's a 'surprise' taster menu at 125 euros or go à la carte and expect to pay upwards of 120 euros a head.
More information on Met:
- Price guide:
- Type:
- Restaurant
- Food:
- Fusion, Italian, Mediterranean, Modern
- Address:
- Riva Degli Schiavoni, Castello 4149, Venice
- Telephone:
- 041 5240034
- Website:
- http://www.hotelmetropole.com
- Serves:
- Lunch, Dinner
- Opening times:
- 7pm-10.30pm. Closed Mon. Also open for lunch 12.30pm-2pm Sat & Sun.
- Accepts Credit Cards:
- Yes
- Reservations:
- Always essential
- Free tags / Keywords:
- Wine


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MOEMSShort for Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems, also known as optical MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) and generally taken to include waveguides, diffraction gratings, moving mirror and moving bubble devices. The primary goal is to endow systems with the capability to alter or modulate the path of a light beam, and, in some cases, to temporally or spectrally modify the light beam. The most common micro-optical elements are those that reflect, diffract or refract light. MOEMS is the manipulation of light in one, two, or three-dimensional space.
Perceptual computing is the ability for a computer to recognize what is going on around it. More specifically, the computer can perceive the... Read More »Apple Pay Promises to Strengthen Payment Security
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Wednesday 20 February 2013
Anonymity for the accused: Rape is different to other crimes, and we need to talk about why
If there are other victims out there, naming of the accused can encourage them to speak out. But if the accused is rich and powerful, their identity can act as a shield
Should rape be treated differently from every other crime? This is what we're asking when we ask about anonymity for accused rapists, which is what is being discussed, once again, this week, after the subject was addressed by the chairwoman of the bar council, Maura McGowan QC.
Rape is treated differently to other crimes already, to some extent, by the fact that the accuser is given anonymity. But that's not the only thing that makes it a bit different. For one thing, rape is (usually) very difficult to prove because there are (usually) no witnesses, and because proving that the actual act happened doesn't automatically prove it wasn't consensual. That isn't the case if someone stabs you or shoots you. So rape cases are different from a lot of other violent crimes in that they come down to one word against another.
Another crucial difference is the number of widely-held misunderstandings about what actually constitutes a rape in the first place.
High profile politicians, like George Galloway, and columnists, like Brendan O'Neil, split hairs in the discussion of rape. Some say there should be 'degrees of rape,' like we have 'degrees of murder,' as if rape can be like manslaughter or self-defence; as if a rapist might rape as a result of provocation, or even out of helplessness.
False accusations
These 'debates' about whether rape is rape matter. It's disturbing how many survivors, despite the trauma, flashbacks, nightmares, the physical injuries, still question, guiltily, whether their experience really 'counts' as rape. And in the same way, some rapists do not realise they are rapists. And no, that's not an excuse: you have no excuse for not knowing that you're not allowed to stab people, so you have no excuse for not knowing that you're not allowed to put your penis (or anything) inside someone without their consent.
And we can't leave gender out of this. Men are raped too but it's impossible to separate the hysteria about false accusations from a deep-rooted sexual suspicion of women. Male rape is treated worse in lots of ways but the myths about false accusations are usually gender specific. What if your ex is bitter and wants revenge (women are crazy)? What if she wants your money (women are gold-diggers?) What if she seduces you and then cries rape (because you can't entirely expect men to control where they choose to put their penis)?
Rape shouldn't be different from other crimes, but it is; it's just not different for the sexist reasons that get thrown around so often. (Reading Carol Sarler you'd think making a rape accusation is one big barrel of chuckles.)
Interestingly, the worst examples of high profile "smearing" or false accusations wrecking lives is the result of a grossly irresponsible, male-dominated, profit-driven media. Chris Jeffries? Lord McAlpine? Who talked up those stories?
All of this means that the way a rape case is portrayed in the media, and how it is interpreted in courts, often comes down to a subjective character judgment, about both the alleged victim and the alleged perpetrator, in a way that doesn't happen so much with other crimes. That's why anonymity for the victim is essential. As soon as an accused rapist is named, especially if they're well-known, the victim is likely subject to a hate campaign, including a public naming and character assassination, even when they have anonymity.
This is extremely unhelpful. If there are other victims out there, the naming of the accused can encourage them to speak up. But if the accused is powerful, popular, has access to money, or friends in the media, their identity can act as a shield. How many times have we heard people say about an accused rapist: "But he seems so nice" before finding that he's guilty? Or, of course, the inverse: "He seems so creepy and weird," before finding that he's innocent?
Some people will go to any lengths to avoid the reality that there's no sure-fire way of knowing what a rapist looks like. The unfortunate truth is, they look the same as everybody else, until they're raping you. Anonymity is a complicated legal area but until we get to grips with the mythical notion of what a rapist is and what a rapist isn't, society's judgment of rapists will always end up being as much about subjective character judgments than about who did what to whom without consent. And that is why whether you have anonymity for the accused or not, rape is already different to other crimes. What we really need to do is try to shape a world in which it isn't.
Could the BBC be any more left-wing? First they employ loads of Tories, and then they're caught chillaxing in Cameron's kitchen
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I had a cheasapeake triple
Posted by: nickjc on Jan-21-13 12:30 PM (EST)
-- Last Updated: Jan-21-13 12:30 PM EST --
I found it to be very unfriendly if things get a little rough. There is not enough bow volume and not enough rocker so the front third of the boat submarines in wind waves. After a couple of very bad experiences I actually cut into pieces rather than even give it away to another family. I've paddled Pygmy boats and they do much better in chop and rough water.
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The UAB Faculty Senate is considering taking a no-confidence vote on President Ray Watts in the wake of his decision to drop football.
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Botch vs Ferraro arguement (team1040)
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Location: Whalley
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Originally Posted by
Every hard open ice hit is designed as an intent to hurt play. Defensemen want the forwards to think twice about going through the middle and cough up the puck. Think Scott Stevens hits (remembering the climate on head injuries back then).
Intent to Injure is a deliberate dirty action that is designed to take a player out of the game. Best example is Clarke on Kharlamov.
Scott Stevens is a good example of what I'm talking about. He can claim to have been aiming to hurt but he knew the outcome of those hits was more severe than that, and he still went looking for them. Stevens is in the same group as Cooke and Torres imo, he uses the argument to justify those hits. We may not have known as much about head injuries then but Stevens still knew he was injuring guys.
Clarke on Kharlamov is an obvious example. I think if you asked Todd Bertuzzi, he would say that he was just trying to hurt Moore, he didn't want to injure him. I think a lot of players use that argument.
Originally Posted by
Well the differences come in the subtleties of the language, which are interpreted differently by everyone.
I agree, more or less, with your definition. There is a lot of grey area though. I think players use that argument to justify their play when clearly blatant disregard for other players safety amounts to the same thing.
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Demonstrator Nell Robinson, a medical student from George Washington University, holds a sign in favor of to U.S. President Barack Obama's health-care law, Obamacare, in front of the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C., U.S., on Wednesday, March 4, 2015. A U.S. Supreme Court argument over Obamacare's tax subsidies divided the justices along ideological lines, potentially leaving two pivotal justices to decide the law's fate. Photographer: Andrew Harrer/Bloomberg *** Local Caption *** Nell Robinson
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Help! Need advice ASAP re sill pans and window sealant
My builder is in the process of sealing up various holes to the exterior prior to installing insulation in the walls. His guys are using that spray stuff that foams up and then hardens. He calls it "polyseal."
I think the guys are trying to do a good job with the sealant b/c I've been so picky about previous steps in the build. However, yesterday I noticed that they have put polyseal into the spaces between the bottoms of my Jeld-wen aluminum-clad wood windows and the sill pans that are beneath the windows themselves.
I thought this space was supposed to be left open so that if any water penetrates the window, it will drains down to the sloped sill pan and then out to the exterior. They sprayed the polyseal from the inside of the house and the only way you can see it is to get down to the sill pan level and look over the top of the turned up back dam of the sill pan and under the window. Basically, they appear to have dammed up the space that was supposed to allow water to get out of the house.
You should know that when my builder started installing my windows, I noticed that he was not using sill pans (nor otherwise appropriately flashing the windows). He insisted that no one in my area used sill pans and that there was more than one way to flash a window. Unfortunately what he was doing didn't meet the standards of any method of flashing that I could find info on anywhere.... Just one of many fights we have had along the way.
I pointed out that the window manufacturer's installation instructions specifically said to use sill pans and that my contract required him to follow the manufacturer's installation instructions for all manufactured parts unless I agreed in writing to an alternate installation procedure. (When I insisted on the clause, I was just trying to make sure that if manufacturer's warranties were voided by incorrect installation, my builder would be in breach of contract and therefore liable for any damages that the manufacturer wouldn't cover.) But, on the basis of that, my builder gave in and used sill pans and flashed the windows according to instructions from Tyvek and Jeld-wen.
At that point I was happy with the window installation and fairly confident I wouldn't have mold issues sometime down the line. But now it wouldn't surprise me if the workers he has doing the polysealing don't have a clue how to polyseal where there is a sill pan and are ruining an otherwise good installation.
Problem is, I can't seem to find anything that talks about exactly HOW to seal around windows. So maybe this is not a problem but I want to find out before they put sheetrock on and cover up the situation.
Not sure whether the explanation above makes sense and I didn't have my camera with me yesterday so I've tried to make a sketch showing what was done. Can anyone here tell me if this really the problem that I THINK it is and, if so, what can be done about it.
I'm thinking that they probably should have put only just enough sealant at the interior edge of the sill pan to stop air infiltration. Something like this...
Any advice would be much appreciated.
I'd ask the builder how water will get out if it's sealed up. May give you some interesting insite into what you are dealing with. I had a conversation with builder a couple of weeks ago that didn't believe in humidity or condensation... It was then I realized one of us was nuts and it wasn't me.
I already know what I'm dealing with in my builder. Unfortunately my banker basically refused to allow me to fire him months and months ago when I first became fully aware that he really knew less about building a house than I do. Banker was concerned that if I fired him we would wind up in litigation and the house would never get finished. Since then I've been trying to make sure things get done right but then he pulls another stupid trick (like this one) that it never occurred to me to warn him against doing before he could do it.
Question now is: Will the windows all need to be removed so the sill plates can be cleaned out? That would probably involve removing and replacing all the Hardie trim around the windows which as already been painted. Anyone know if it might be possible to reach in with something like a dental tool and break up and remove all that polyseal?
I would think a large kitchen knife would do just fine at this point. Any water will want to drain out where ever it can.... just need to break any seal.


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Explore the personal stories of Syrian refugees in Lebanon
17 Apr 2012 09:02 GMT | Politics, Asia, Afghanistan, Australia
Australia has announced that its troops will be withdraw from Afghanistan nearly a year ahead of a previously scheduled 2014 withdrawal date.
Julia Gillard, the Australian prime minster, said on Tuesday that most of 1,550 remaining Australian troops in Afghanistan were expected to return home by the end of 2013.
That timetable would see the largest force provided by any nation outside of the NATO alliance leave the country a year ahead of the proposed December 2014 withdrawal date for all international forces.
Australian forces had mainly been stationed in the central Uruzgan province, where they trained an Afghan national army brigade to take responsibility for security in the province.
"This is a war with a purpose. This is a war with an end," Gillard saidin a speech to the Australian Strategic Policy Institute in Canberra.
"We have a strategy, a mission and a timeframe for achieving it."
The deaths of Osama bin Laden and many of al Qaeda's senior officials, along with general improvements in security were cited as reasons for the accelerated withdrawal.
Gillard has said that she will take the proposed timetable to a NATO summit on Chicago on May 20 where she is also expected to sign a partnership agreement with Afghan President Hamid Karzai.
Citing mid-2013 as a milestone period for the international presence in Afghanistan, Gillard also said that she expected the Afghan President Hamid Karzai to make an announcement on transition in Uruzgan and other provinces in the coming months.
Al Jazeera's Bernard Smith, reporting live from Kabul, says Gillard is "just pre-empting Hamid Karzai" in his statement about which regions of the nation will be handed over to Afghan security forces.
The prime minister said she expected the handover of the central province to Afghan forces to take 12 to 18 months, at which point, the Australian presence in Afghanistan "wll look very different to that which we have today".
"We will have completed our training and mentoring mission. ... And the majority of our troops will have returned home", Gillard said.
Our correspondent said that though "it's theoretically possible that those Australian troops could have been deployed elsewhere to help the NATO efforts", the 1,500-strong Australian forces will largely see their job as complete once control of Uruzgan has been handed over to Afghan forces.
Australia would consider keeping some special forces soldiers in Afghanistan beyond 2014 and help fund the ongoing costs of Afghan security forces, Gillard said.
"Australia has an enduring national interest in ensuring that Afghanistan does not again become a safe haven for terrorists,'' Gillard said.
Opinion polls in Australia have shown falling levels of support for the country's presence in Afghanistan where 32 Australian soldiers have died since a US-led invasion to overthrow the Taliban in 2001.
Some within the political opposition suggested the early withdrawal was an attempt by Gillard to boost support for her unpopular Labor Party.
"It would be a shameful thing if, after nearly 12 years of deployment in Afghanistan and the loss of more than 30 Australian lives, this mission was foreshortened for reasons of domestic political convenience for the Labor Party rather than on the basis of the advice of the military commanders in the field,'' opposition Senator George Brandis told Sky News ahead of Tuesday's announcement.
But opposition leader Tony Abbott signaled support for the early withdrawal, telling reporters in Melbourne he had no reason to believe "it shouldn't be possible to finish the job sooner rather than later".Referencing the deaths of Australian soldiers, Abbott said, "We want to make sure that sacrifice has been worthwhile and that will happen if our troops come home soon with their mission accomplished".
Source: Al Jazeera and Agencies
Latest events in Afghanistan as Afghan forces take control of the country's security ahead of the 2014 withdrawal date for foreign troops.
President faults Afghan authorities and NATO over fierce Taliban assault on Kabul and other areas that lasted 18 hours.
Politics, Asia, US & Canada, Afghanistan, United States
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In religiously conservative Brazil, women risk jail time and their lives to undergo the procedure that is illegal but commonplace.
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War & Conflict, Middle East, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Houthis
It is a source of sustenance but also of tension and new political realities are now increasing uncertainty.
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text: http://techcrunch.com – Editor's Note: Semil Shah is an EIR with Javelin Venture Partners and has been an Official Contributor to TechCrunch since January 2011. You can follow him on Twitter at @semil. If there was a time-lapse video chronicling how humans have shared and received news information throughout history, the transcript of that video would go something like this: Chest-thumping. Hand gestures. Screaming. Cave paintings. Language. Carrier pigeons, or personal messengers. Scrolls and the printing press. Pamphlets, periodicals, telegrams, and newspapers. Eventually, television, and the Web, most recent (IT news)


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Undermount sink keeps separating from granite
We recently had granite installed in our kitchen and our stainless steel undermount sink keeps separating from the granite and falling. The first time it happened was about a week after our granite was installed. Our contractor came out, sealed it again, and said we definitely should not have any additional problems. Well, here we are two months later and the sink fell again tonight. We are going to call him in the morning, but does anyone know what the is doing wrong?
We just had our granite installed too (yeah), and the sink was put in Saturday. He siliconed it (I'll find out tomorrow exactly which kind it was), and propped it up with wood from underneath, and clamps on top, and we let it set for 24 hours before my DH installed the faucet. By the time he got that done (tonight), it had been well over 24 hours, and we filled up the sinks with water to test for leaking, everything seems fine. DH did the research on holding power of silicone, and it is very impressive. Kitchen guy is coming by tomorrow to clamp it in place just as a back-up, but supposedly that is unnecessary.
Maybe he/you guys aren't letting it rest/set long enough before using it the first time? Hubby's asleep right now, but tomorrow I'll ask him exactly what was used.
There's alot of contractors that rely only on a bead of
silicone to adhere the sink to the underside of a stone
counter top when it is an undermount application.
In my opinion, that is NOT a good practice and will
result in exactly what you are experiencing - the
sink seperating from the counter top and sagging or
completely falling away from the underside of the counter top.
The technique that I have ALWAYS preferred, is to not
only seal the flange of the sink to the underside of the
counter top with silicone, but ALSO use a MECHANICAL means
of support from underneath to hold the sink in place -
so the weight of the sink, garbage disposal, associated
plumbing and content of the sink - all combined - will
not act in such a way in conjunction with gravity -
as to "pull" down the sink assembly
from the underside of the counter top.
There's a number of things that can be used:
1. Undercounter Mounter (a metal support system that
is usually implemented at the time of installation)
2. Plywood subtop (used primarily with Stainless Steel
3. Wood Cradle Frame
4. Manufacturer's Metal Clips
5. Chemical Concepts self adhering Clips
#'s 1 through 4 are best applied at the time of installation,
with #5 being able to be utilized in a "retro-fit" application -
after the sink has been installed and THEN you
find out that ONLY silicone or bondo is all that was
used to hold your sink up in place....
I would suggest that yor contractor consider using
some of the Chemical Concept clips that are available
through Braxton Bragg. This in my opinion, will solve
your problem once and for all.
hope that helps
Kevin M. Padden MIA SFA
Fabricator, Trainer & Consultant to the Natural Stone Indusrtry
Here is a link that might be useful: Braxton Bragg's Peel-N-Stick Mounting Clips for Undermount Sinks
Yes I have and they work GREAT!!!
Couple of tips:
READ ALL of the instructions completely.
DO NOT use Acetone or any other solvents to clean the stone
where the clips will be mounted
DO make sure that ALL dust particles are removed from where
you are going to stick the base part of the clip (the part
that has the threaded stud mounted to it)
DO use a Shop Vac to suck up ALL of the dust from the
stone where each clip is going to be stuck to the stone
DO "dab" the areas of stone with a clean rag wetted down
with clean water.
DO allow the areas of stone to completely DRY before
sticking the clips.
MAKE SURE that the temperature of the stone and ambient
room temp is ABOVE 60 degrees farenhite - both 24 hours prior
to and AFTER you stick the clips to the stone
MAKE SURE that you allow AT LEAST 24 hours to pass BEFORE
you put the retaining clip on the stud and tighten it up
with the securing nut. The glue will work best if it allowed
to dry AND cure for at least 24 hours BEFORE you put the
little clip thingy and the nut on and torque it down all the way.
KEEP IT NICE & WARM in your kitchen - so the glue will cure properly on the clips.....
Use at least 6 (six) clips to hold the sink in place and
you should be good to go!!!
Best Regards
Kevin M. Padden MIA SFA
Fabricator, Trainer & Consultant to the Natural Stone Industry
Here is a link that might be useful: AZ School of Rock
Thank you for the great tips. I have a stainless undermount sink and the cabinets were notched out to fit the sink, just a small amount. The installers only used silicone. My bathroom fabricator said the sink was pulling away from the granite.
There isn't enough room in front of the sink for the CC clips so he was going to cut them to make them fit. Will that work? There is room in the back though. They did run the faucet over the sink lip in the back of the sink to hold the sink in place.
Our Shaws apron front sink is undermounted. It sits completely on a solid shelf with holes where needed for the plumbing. The silicone is used to keep water out, not to hold up the sink, so I'm surprised by that there is another way to mount these.
If you want the easiest, fastest, strongest ( holds over 550lbs) method of mounting undercount sink then you need to look into cinclips as they support the sink from the cabinet. There is no wait time! Use the sink as soon as it is mounted. Anyone can use and install this system, only takes minutes to install! I recommend contractors purchasing them through GranQuartz. This will definitely end all problems with sink mounting in my opinion.
Here is a link that might be useful: GranQuartz
This post was edited by DowB on Mon, Mar 24, 14 at 21:34
One of the most seen problems of stone countertop installations is undermount sinks separating from the stone. In almost every failure the common factor is adhesives used in the install letting go. Whether it's adhesive used to glue thew sink direct to the stone (please no), glue-on tabs glued to the stone (still relying on adhesive) or anchors glued into the stone.
A mechanical system is much more reliable (meaning no adhesives) and stronger.
This thread reminds me that I need to order the sink harness system from BB and get is installed.
Just about the first thing my GC crew said when they came in after the counter and sink was installed with adhesive only was that I needed to get one--they have to regularly re-install sinks that are only adhesived in.
The second thing they said was to comment what a lousy place the seam was in (in their opinion). And a lousy job.
Our contractor screwed blocks of wood to the inside of the cabinet just under the sink to help hold it up. They did a lousy job so my husband redid them and reinforced them. You could also build a cradle which just means wood vertical to the floor of the inside cabinet front and back on each side with wood at the top horizontally to make a frame to support it.
My installer said all he had to do was to simply stick the cinclips to the side of the cabinet and push up to the lip of the sink and attach the cinclips to the cabinet. He gave me a guarantee that the sink would never come down again. He said it was the best system he ever worked with.
We are DIYing our cabinets and planning to use a "Sink Setter" to support our undermount sink. Looks like it can also be used to deal with a sink that is falling too:
Here is a link that might be useful: How to repair a granite undermount sink with The SinkSetter
This post was edited by feisty68 on Tue, Mar 25, 14 at 0:26
Trebruchet - I didn't see this before our granite was installed and really wish that I would have. They used wood 2x4's that are bracing the sink, which I guess will work, but it is just ugly. Things are pretty tight in our cabinet for our sink, but I'd love to get the HUSH system if we can retrofit it. I've looked at the photos online and I can't tell how high up we need to get beyond the lowest point of the sink bowls.
*Is it sufficient for the "clips" that are screwed into the side of the cabinet to be only slightly higher than the bowl?
*The sides of our cabinets are plywood - I'm assuming that will be fine to screw into and we don't need any other blocking or anything, correct?
I've attached a picture showing how things are right now in the sink cabinet. On the right is the cabinet, to the left is the one sink bowl, and underneath, you can see the 2x4 that's providing support.
*Is it sufficient for the "clips" that are screwed into the side of the cabinet to be only slightly higher than the bowl?
*The sides of our cabinets are plywood - I'm assuming that will be fine to screw into and we don't need any other blocking or anything, correct?"
I've retrofitted HUSH's before. Simply screw the clips to the top of a piece of plywood, then screw the bottom of the plywood to the cabinet sides. This pushes the clips high enough to work perfectly.
Plywood cabinet sides are plenty strong enough to support the harness and sink.
I am a fabricator.
Only a schlock fabricator will install a sink, even a vanity sink, with only the silicone caulk to hold it in place.
There are a variety of mechanical systems and techniques to secure sinks that can be employed.
A previous poster commented that sinks separating is one of the main problems with granite. That is simply incorrect. My shop has done many thousands of sink installs and we have never, ever, had one fall away from the counter.
If a fabricator tells you the silicone adhesive is adequate I'd STRONGLY suggest you look elsewhere.
Why would you want to use products and practices that are time consuming and failure rates are high? Get rid of separation anxiety by using a product that will never fail and are super easy to install or remove if necessary! I recommend cinclips from GranQuartz. That is what my fabricator used in my house and when he left sink was useable and he did not use any epoxy or glue. Just trying to help with the problem.It's your call! Read more at cinclips.com
This post was edited by DowB on Mon, Mar 31, 14 at 23:05
oldryder posted... "A previous poster commented that sinks separating is one of the main problems with granite. That is simply incorrect. My shop has done many thousands of sink installs and we have never, ever, had one fall away from the counter. "
oldryder I believe you must have misread my post. I didn't say "that sinks separating is one of the main problems with granite." I said, "One of the most seen problems of stone countertop installations is undermount sinks separating from the stone."
I am glad to hear you have had no problems, but I don't think you can say you are unaware of sink separation problems from other companies that use adhesives only to mount sinks. I believe we are in agreement that there is a right way and a wrong way to mount sinks. Adhesives only without a mechanical system is just wrong.
This happened to me and my 5 MONTH OLD BABY WAS IN THE SINK GETTING A BATH AT THE TIME. I had just had the granite & sink installed 2 months ago. They came out to fix it but with GLUE/APOXY again.. I feel like it still was not fixed right what are my options?
YES MY SON IS OK but he was in it full of water going head first down into a corner cabinet sink.
My kitchen sink dropped out and I ordered what was to be an easy and cheap fix. It was a was a sling - what a contraption that was - I threw it out. I then researched every fix out there and I have found the easiest and sure way to remount a kitchen undermount sink and never worry again. I used a product called Cinclips. All I needed was the clips, screw gun and silicone. I'm a woman and I didn't need a man to fix it! I did not need to touch the stone, just placed the clip on the inside of the cabinet as instructed and screwed it in. Very simple. I got mine at their website Cinclips.com, but then found it later at a local hardware store. It was well worth the price - I would have paid double.
The "sling" was undoubtedly the Hercules Universal Sink Harness. It can be tricky to adjust for the inexperienced.
I've used the Cinclips with excellent results and for the less mechanical among us, they can be the best choice. Very fast and simple to install, but cost 7 times as much as a HUSH.
Time is money, and I'd gladly spend 7 x the cost for something that's not frustrating like HUSH. I will be hush about HUSH; in my opinion, it's not a product that I would endorse. I'm a homeowner without the skills of a mechanical engineer and Cinclips was the ticket for me.
One reason for separation might be excessive stress on the sink. For example, a new disposer could have been installed and the angles of the pipes are such that the weight of the disposer and the angles of the pipes stress the sink/counter joint. When installing disposer, especially when changing from a 1/3 hp to a full hp, the weight is quite a bit more and usually larger. Because it is larger, the pipes will likely not fit without changing the angles. If installed by stressing the pipes, it will in turn, stress the sink which might be why it continues to separate. Glued pipe fixtures require replacement to get the right angles. Hope this helps.
I followed Trebruchet's suggestion for my undermount apron front sink, and purchased the HUSH. It was relatively easy, though I also added some corner brackets to distribute the force on the sink. I could have done it myself, but did allow my husband to help ;) We've been using our sink for a month and everything is rock solid.
W just got our new cabinets installed and original intentions were for overmount sink. We just decided to have granite countertops and the installer said to be sure to get undermount sink which we did but just now measured and the cabinets are 32 on inside and sink is granite 33 inch sink. Can a granite sink be cut down? Any thoughts on a solution to my dilema?
Thanks Joseph - I talked to the fellow who made our cabinets and he agreed with you that it would be ok to cut down the cabinet and so I'm good to go - I was a bit depressed last night so glad I had someone to share my concerns with!! :) Appreciate all your feedback! Jeannie


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text:
Report: "Deflategate" May Have Started In November
Cancer Claims ESPN's Stuart Scott
Ray Rice To Claim Elevator Video Was Edited
ESPN is reporting this morning that Ray Rice, who was suspended indefinitely by the Baltimore Ravens for domestic abuse, will claim in his appeal that the NFL made their decision based on a video that was edited by TMZ.
Former Celtic And NBA Great Has Health Scare
If you ask most people who the best player in NBA history is, you'll most likely hear a lot of nods for Lebron and MJ. While those two are tremendously skilled and both have winning pedigrees, there should be no questioning the correct answer to who is the greatest winner in NBA history. The answer's a lock...Bill Russell.
World Cup Finals Does Well In Ratings
Darrelle Revis Wants A Ring
The New England Patriots have made quite a few splashes into free agency so far this off-season in hopes of putting together a championship roster. It seems that their championship pedigree is what they should thank for landing at least one of the big time stars they snagged, though.


text:
2014/15 season's event podcasts are here!
Spring 2015
The podcast of Dieppe with Jim Stanton is here.
Fall 2014
The podcast of Canada's Hundred Days of 1918' with Dr. Jack Granatstein is available here.
The podcast of Speaker's Luncheon November 5: 'The Battle for the Hochwald Gap, February 1945' with Mark Zuehlke is available here.
The podcast of Military History Night December 3: 'Decade of Darkness; the Collapse of the Roman Army of the West' with Eric Morse is available here.
The podcast of September 17's Security Studies Roundtable with Dr Adam Chapnick on 'Does Canada Really Need a Defence Policy?" is now available here.
The podcast of September 10's Military History Night with Patrick Murphy on 'Chocolate Soldiers, Australian Militiamen clash with Japanese Invaders in New Guinea' is now available here.
New Photo Albums for February 2015
New! The photo album for the March 11 visit of LGen (US) Ray Palumbo is now available here.
Past albums:
The photo album for the Fort York Legion Branch 165 / RCMI joint dinner is here.
The photo album for Member and Daughter Night, held February 5 2015 with Capt Michelle Andrec, is here.
The photo album for a very successful 2015 Robbie Burns Dinner is here.
The album from Commander of the Army LGen Marquis Hainse's January 15 presentation to RCMI is here.
And the photos from the New Year's Levee are here.
The Guns are Home!
Thursday Nov 6 saw the return of RCMI's treasured nine-pounders to grace our doorstep. No more does anyone need our street address, once more it's just 'the place with the cannons'! See the photo album of the happy return here.
SITREP, The RCMI Journal of Opinion
SITREP is the journal of analysis and opinion of the RCMI. It appears six times a year and is a digest of current Canadian and international thinking on strategic and international affairs. We are happy to receive and review all submissions.
Click here to download the current issue of SITREP (January-February 2015) in PDF format.
Paul Pryce examines the French counter-insurgency intervention in the Sahel and whether the French military is up to the task of conducting 4GW. Victoria Tait studies the nature of asymmetric conflict with a particular focus on the challenges posed by insurgency and terrorism and the narratives that prevent a proper valuation of women's combat capacity. Barry Risk writes that the oldest enforcement arm of the Canadian Government is the Canada Border Service Agency not the RCMP or any other Department of the Government in Ottawa. Caitlin Vito posits that the military exit from Afghanistan requires a renegotiation of the role of the international community and by extension Canada must redefine its approach. Michael Mitchell asks questions that need to be asked in light of the blood and treasure that have been expended in Iraq by so many.
The RCMI's New Hours of Operations
The new premises at 426 University Ave. are now open for Members' use. Here is a complete schedule of services and hours of operation in PDF format for consultation and downloading. Please do not hesitate to contact our Concierge at 416 597 0286 or Susan Cook at ext 111 for further information.
RCMI House Rules: Updated for the 21st Century
In keeping with modern social and business traditions, the RCMI Board of Directors has produced a new set of House Rules for Members and their guests. It is available here for viewing and download in PDF format.
Security Studies Committee and Military History Night webcasts - the full Spring 2014 season on YouTube
An amazing evening with Charles Scot-Brown: 'Everywhere you looked, there were ships', the D-Day landings. The first Military History Night at the New RCMI, now available here. The photo album from Charles's stupendous kick-off MHN event June 11 is available here.
The podcast of the May 11 Military History Night with Doug Wrigglesworth on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in South Africa is now available for viewing on YouTube here.
The podcast of the April 24 Edward Lucas address to RCMI and NATO Council of Canada on April 24 is now available here.
SSC Presentation 'The Standard Excuse for anything: This is Afghanistan' with Prof Stuart Hendin, QC is now available here
Military History Night, March 5 'The Raid on St. Nazaire, May 1942 and the roles of four Canadians in it' available here
Military History Night: Eric Morse's January 22 presentation "Prefect, take a detachment and clear that out: a Roman Surge into Germany in 235 AD" can be viewed here.
Worldwide Reciprocal Affiliations - NEW 2015 COMPLETE LIST
Members of the Institute can visit and use accommodation (where available) at over 100 reciprocal clubs, institutes and organizations worldwide. Our Membership Secretary can assist in making contact with the desired organizations and will prepare any introduction letters required. For a list of our current Canadian and international reciprocals, click here.
Jackman Collection slideshow
View the Hal Jackman Collection of Napoleonic Lead Soldiers in never-before-seen detail, with musical accompaniment by Herr L. van Beethoven!


text:
Wednesday Feb 27, 2013
Thursday Feb 21, 2013
Virtual Developer Day - Learn ADF on line
By Grant Ronald on Feb 21, 2013
Do you want to join a free online developer day where you can learn about the various components that make up the Oracle Fusion Development platform including ADF, ADF Mobile, Oracle WebCenter, Business Intelligence and more. Online seminars and hands-on labs available directly from your browser. This virtual developer day is running on the 5th March and you can register here.
There are seminar sessions as well as live chat with Oracle experts (including me!) and hands on sessions. This is a great way to kick start as well as improve your knowledge of Oracle FMW, Oracle ADF and other technologies.
Friday Feb 08, 2013
How to set up ADF Mobile for an Android device
By Grant Ronald on Feb 08, 2013
Tips, Tricks, Events and Information around Oracle JDeveloper, ADF, and Oracle Forms
Recent Posts
- How to debug the HTML in Oracle MAF Applications
- UKOUG Most Read Article Award
- Video Interview of Oracle Mobile Customer
- Oracle MAF reviewed by Analyst Gigacom
- Oracle Mobile Partner Event, Europe 2015
- The world is going mobile..surprise surprise!
- ODTUG Mobile Event Reston December
- Come and learn how Northumbrian Water embraced Oracle's Mobile Framework
- How to write code in ADF - new "live" video from OW available
- Lloyds Register - a case study in the power of mobile and MAF