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Make your own light fixtures
We're building a house and seriously low on cash for things that can be changed out later. I'm thinking that if your can create a lamp from anything, you can create overhead lights too. Esp. for the more expensive ones--dining room chandelier and kitchen pendants.
Does anybody have experience with that, know where to get the wiring and ceiling plates, etc?
You need to be careful when making fixtures. If you are building a house, the fixtures may not pass electrical code. We have advised individuals the following:
1. Where you need to have a light, go to Home Depot, Lowe's or Habitat for Humanity and buy a new cheap fixture to hang there for the time being. It will be cheaper than time and parts to make a chandelier. Use that until you are ready to purchase what you really want.
2. Where you want to put a light but don't need to have it right away (i.e., ceiling fan, bedroom light, etc.) just have the electrician wire for the fixture and put a cap on it. If you need to have a light there to pass code, get a keyless or pull chain porcelain fixture with a bare bulb.
3. If you should have cathedral ceilings and need to hang a foyer light from 12' or more, you should look into a ceiling lift. Although expensive, you can have this put in and then put your own fixture up. The lift allows you to lower and raise a ceiling fixture so you won't need to have an electrician back with an extremely tall ladder or lift. You can lower the lift and wire the fixture yourself.
If you are intent on making your own fixture, you can get wiring and ceiling plates probably by Googling it or going on eBay, but I would really seriously think about doing really cheap fixtures with UL listing before putting the time into making my own fixture and then not have it pass inspection.
Thanks for all the info., ilitem. I found Habitat for Humanity's ReStore website and they have a storefront here, so we can shop there. But I'm also still trying to find UL-listed parts as a kit for ceiling-mounted fixtures; I know they sell them for lamps and surely they pass code. Then we could add our own non-electrical parts, probably using metals with open areas for ventilation so it's not a fire hazard.
If you go to a lamp supplier's website (American DeRosa, B&P Lamp Parts) you will probably see sockets that are rated for a certain wattage. Some of these factories also sell stickers for lighting showrooms to use that state what wattage can be used. However, they don't state that the fixture, when completed will be UL.
I would call one of their customer service numbers and ask how this works.
Parts for chandeliers can be purchased from these factories and you can make whatever you want. It is not a problem as long as they will accept you as a client. If they won't (because you are not a retailer), you can find out a distributor in your area. I would think that the distributor that stocks parts would be able to answer your questions.
Lamps and lighting fixtures (although both have to be UL approved for factories to sell) are really two different things. Remember that when you get your electrical inspection they aren't concerned with what you are going to plug into your outlets, only what is directly wired to the house.
With all of this said, it seems as though you are intent on making your own lighting fixtures. Therefore, you should go to a lighting showroom that repairs fixtures and find out the correct wiring and sockets that you will need. If they are any good, you can bring a design of what you are trying to do and they can assist you with selecting the right items.
Since we're building, I'm keeping a notebook with clippings from magazines that have ideas or products I like. I clipped an article from a recent issue of House Beautiful that gives directions on how to create a personalized pendant lamp using a purchased shade and hardware.
The lamp shown was made from hardware from Home Depot and Grand Brass Lamp Parts website (www.grandbrass.com).
I regret I cut off the part of the page that tells what issue it is, but it is under their regular "Weekend Shopper" column and should be pretty easy to find at a library that carries periodicals.
It's a 2-page article that includes a diagram of the parts you need and how they should be assembled to construct a pendant lamp.
I only began subscribing to the magazine late last fall, so I'm sure the article is a fairly recent one. I haven't tried, but you might be able to go to the House Beautiful website and search out the article online.
Just last week, I happened upon a very pretty dining room chandelier at the Goodwill, for a friends rental house. It was all intact, and it was in excellent condition.
It was priced at $15, but with the Wed. senior 30% off, (age 55 in our area) it was only $10.50 b4 tax.


text:
BackgroundIL-2: Sturmovik: Birds of Prey is a flight sim/action game which features large-scale aerial combat and ground based military operations from World War II. Players will participate in some of the war's most famous battles piloting fighters, battle planes and heavy bombers across a range of thrilling missions.
- Authentic World War II atmosphere.
- Engage in more than 50 thrilling missions from famous historical battles over Eastern and Western Europe and fly historically accurate aircraft.
- Flexible difficulty level system: from arcade to realistic simulation.
- Thrilling multiplayer mode support customization - choose the color scheme of your plane and install your choice of weapons.
- Cutting edge, highly-detailed visuals, realistic sound and original music from Jeremy Soule.
Official URLOfficial Site
Recent threads
sokolik played IL-2: Sturmovik: Birds of Prey
sokolik and 4 others own IL-2: Sturmovik: Birds of Prey
IL2SturmovikBirdsOfPrey X360
IL2SturmovikBirdsOfPrey X360
a cheat
New trailer shows off IL-2 Sturmovik: Birds of Prey
[image1 link=yes width=345 height=194] The long-running IL-2 Sturmovik flight sim series is getting another... posted Jun 17, 09 7:26pm
- Genre: Action - Air (PS3)
- Theme(s): Military, World War II
- Developer: Gaijin Entertainment
- Publisher: 1C
Released North America Sep 15, 2009 Europe Sep 4, 2009 Australia Sep 3, 2009
IL-2 Sturmovik Series
- IL-2 Sturmovik: Cliffs of Dover
- Wings of Prey
- IL-2 Sturmovik: 1946
- IL-2 Sturmovik: Forgotten Battles Ace Expansion Pack
- IL-2 Sturmovik: Forgotten Battles
- IL-2 Sturmovik

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Quote 7-20-11
don_socalJuly 20, 2011
If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe.
Carl Sagan
In some mysterious way woods have never seemed to me to be static things. In physical terms, I move through them; yet in metaphysical ones, they seem to move through me.
John Fowles
It is not so much for its beauty that the forest makes a claim upon men's hearts, as for that subtle something, that quality of air that emanation from old trees, that so wonderfully changes and renews a weary spirit.
Robert Louis Stevenson
Trees are the earth's endless effort to speak to the listening heaven.
Rabindranath Tagore


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Posted May 2, 2012
A very interesting, and macabre play that I never tire of reading. A true classic.
0 out of 1 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
Posted February 28, 2013
No text was provided for this review.
Posted August 19, 2011
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The Reading Life With Augusten Burroughs And Erin Greenwald
By Susan Larson
This week on The Reading Life, Susan talks with Augusten Burroughs, author of Running with Scissors and This Is How: How to Survive what You Think You Can't, and Erin Greenwald of the Historic New Orleans Collection, editor of A Company Man: The Remarkable French-Atlantic Voyage of a Clerk for the Company of the Indies, A Memoir by Marc-Antoine Caillot, describes the lost and found history of a fascinating manuscript.
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Category Archives: Reviews
Review: Christmas Wish by Chris Almeida & Cecilia Aubrey
Title: Christmas Wish (Countermeasure: Bytes of Life, #7) Authors: Chris Almeida & Cecilia Aubrey Release Date: February 28, 2015 Rating: 4.5 Stars Source: ARC received from Authors Book Summary: In the seventh Byte of Life, newlyweds Stephan and Jessica Connellan … Continue reading
Review: Hunter Reborn by Katie Reus
Title: Hunter Reborn (Moon Shifter, #5) Author: Katie Reus Release Date: February 3, 2015 Publisher: NAL/Signet Eclipse Rating: 4.5 Stars Source: ARC received from Publisher Book Summary: Losing her was the hardest thing he'd ever endured… Warrior shifter Aiden's investigation … Continue reading
Review: The Marriage Match by Tracy March
Title: The Marriage Match (Suddenly Smitten, #3) Author: Tracy March Publisher: Entangled Bliss Release Date: January 19, 2015 Rating: 5 Stars Summary: Hot bachelor seeks bride… Resort tycoon Trent Hawthorne is looking for a wife. His all-business, no-nonsense grandmother (and … Continue reading
Review: Hard to Come By by Laura Kaye
Title: Hard To Come By (Hard Ink, #3) Author: Laura Kaye Publisher: Avon Release Date: November 25, 2014 Rating: 5 stars Source: Purchased from Barnes & Noble Book Summary: Caught between desire and loyalty… Derek DiMarzio would do anything for … Continue reading
Review: House Broken by Sonja Yoerg
Book info: Book Title: House Broken Author name: Sonja Yoerg Publisher: Penguin/NAL Publication date: January 6, 2015 Book Description: Veterinarian Geneva Novak understands the behavior of umpteen species—just not her mother, Helen. Geneva fled her childhood home—and her mother's vodka-fueled … Continue reading
Review: Marked by the Vampire by Cynthia Eden
Title: Marked By The Vampire (Purgatory, #2) Author: Cynthia Eden Release Date: June 9, 2014 Rating: 5 Stars Source: Purchased from Barnes & Noble Book Summary: Vampires exist. So do werewolves. The creatures that you fear in the darkness? They're … Continue reading
Review: Designed for Love by Kelsey Browning
Title: Designed for Love (Texas Nights #4) by: Kelsey Browning Release Date: November 24th, 2014 Publisher: Carina Press Rating: 4 stars Book Summary: Ashton Davenport: Hot blonde. Old Money. Off-limits. That's how Mac McLaughlin sees her, anyway. And now that … Continue reading
Review: Into the Shadows by Carolyn Crane
Book info: Title: Into The Shadows Author: Carolyn Crane Release Date: July 14, 2014 Rating: 5 Stars Source: Purchased from Amazon Book Summary: HE'S A KILLER. Thorne McKelvey knows exactly how Nadia sees him—as a brute and a killer just … Continue reading
Review: Something Crazy by Chris Almeida and Cecilia Aubrey
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Review: Rogue's Paradise (Covenant of Thorns, #3) by Jeffe Kennedy
Book info: Title: Rogue's Paradise (Covenant of Thorns, #3) Author: Jeffe Kennedy Publisher: Carina Press Release Date: September 8, 2014 Rating: 5 Stars Source: ARC received from Author Book Summary: Pregnant, possessed, and in love with a man I don't … Continue reading


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A Hales Corners resident reported someone left 10 dead squirrels and rabbits in his driveway April 12.
According to the Hales Corners police report:
The resident, in the 11800 block of West Grange Avenue, reported 10 dead squirrels and rabbits were left in his driveway at 6:45 a.m. April 12.
The resident said this is an ongoing issue at his home during this time of year due to a particular outdoor radio show on Saturday mornings.
According to police, the caller did not elaborate on the relationship between the dumped animal carcasses and the radio show, only that the time frame and prior years' occurrences of the same type of incident appears related.
No other information was released.
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- Hales Corners police report: April 2, 2015 issue
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- Hales Corners police report: March 26, 2015 issue
- Hales Corners police report: March 19, 2015 issue
- Eagle scout candidate improves Hales Corners pool house lockers, benches
- Taxpayer federation to fight against $22 million Whitnall referendum
- Hales Corners police report: March 12, 2015 issue
- Temporary ice rink in Hales Corners will close after this weekend


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Last night 11 Alive News aired a report on the fees paid to the Newton County Attorney, Tommy Craig. Many questions were raised by the reporter as well as citizens who were interviewed. Many have questioned why the Board agreed to reappoint Mr. Craig as County Attorney. Prior to the vote, I made the following statement which was made part of the official minutes of the meeting.
Newton County is home to two big bicycle races a year, a bicycle club and one bicycle shop.
It's a relatively calm morning at the Newton County 911 center. Nate Stykes is giving instructions to a mother whose child is having a seizure. A few feet away, Love Frazier assures an elderly individual with chest pains that an ambulance is on the way.
It's almost here.
The 11Alive report from "The Investigators" on Newton County Attorney Tommy Craig, and the pay he received in 2014, brought a lot of attention to the Board of Commissioners this week, a lot of which was negative from the talk around the county and social media responses.
Some local residents expressed anger at County Attorney Tommy Craig and the Board of Commissioners Friday following a Channel 11 news report on Craig's longstanding tax problems and his $1.1 million income from the county last year. Watch it here.
Newton County Attorney Tommy Craig is in the Metro Atlanta news this evening.
Since 2012, when the plant closed its doors for good, the buildings at 9172 Industrial Dr., N.E., formerly Berry Plastics, have been slowly deteriorating.
Smoke may be present in Newton County today as a prescribed fire is being conducted in Jasper and Jones counties.
A traffic stop for a broken headlight led to the seizer of a 45 cal. handgun, a crack pipe and an open container of alcohol early Thursday morning.
Louly Hay-Kapp loves to work out and she's long been dedicated to helping families in need.
You can whip up flavorful, frugal fare for your family with a little creativity and not a lot of know-how. One of my family's monthly staples is something we call "Ziti con Salsa Aurora." That fancy moniker is a completely made up name for a simple, yet delicious dish we first enjoyed in Florence. The cost for this quick and easy meal that serves four adults (or my family of two adults and three Littles) is around $6. Add some homemade bread and a salad and you have an Italian feast without breaking the bank!
Since 1974 Newton County has rallied around its Special Olympians, and it's time once more to do just that today.
Hiring is on the rise in Newton County, and local staffing companies say they're optimistic that trend could continue for the rest of 2011.
Beaver Manufacturing celebrated its 40th anniversary in business with a banquet Saturday night at DeKalb Technical College in Covington.
Touting their horns: The results are in for the Hornyhead Fish Head Festival, which was held Saturday in Newborn. (L-r) Youth Winner: Eli Galloway - 8 inches long with 8 horns. Adult Winner: Tom Krieger - 6 inches long with 11 horns. Children's Winner: Malcom Whitaker - 7 1/8 inches long with 9 horns. The festival also included a parade, a flea market and other arts and crafts booths. The fish were fried, and according to residents, taste like trout.
Best Campsite - Kerbow's Cruizers
ATLANTA, Ga. - President Barack Obama issued a federal disaster declaration for parts of Georgia that were ravaged by this week's violent storms, making federal funding available to help people recover in seven counties.
Lawn Care
The much discussed gas tax hike in Georgia will raise prices at Newton County's pumps by 5 cents when it takes effect Sunday.
Update: Cleanup efforts following the tornado that ripped through Newborn are going well thanks to efforts from numerous county and state agencies, and Saturday's Horneyhead Fish Head Festival is still on.
The Newton County Board of Commissioners will not hold its regularly scheduled meeting on Tuesday.
ATLANTA - The Atlanta Braves placed pitching coach Roger McDowell on administrative leave Friday while they investigate allegations that he made homophobic comments and crude gestures toward fans before a game in San Francisco last weekend.
McDowell also is accused of using a baseball bat to threaten a fan who objected to his actions.
ATLANTA - Atlanta Braves pitcher Derek Lowe was charged Thursday with drunken driving, another blow to a team already dealing with allegations that pitching coach Roger McDowell spewed homophobic comments before a game in San Francisco last weekend.
Newton County voters were the only ones to choose a Democrat over U.S. Rep. Rob Woodall (R-Lawrenceville) in November's election, but you couldn't tell that at Tuesday's town hall.


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➜ I am Eri.A lame iconmaker & teenager.I post my thoughts on rl & everything here.I love people & friends.Making icons is my summer hobby.I like short sentences.But sometimes I go on & on.I'm pretty random.But I like people.I already said that.Well,I'll probably like you, so don't ever be shy to add me.Coolio.
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Cereus peruvianus help!
Thanks to Stush I have 4 Cereus peruvianus seedlings! THANK YOU STUSH! Anyway, I've never owned one so some help on how to care for it would be super helpful! What kind of soil? Since it grows fast should they be in a big pot to begin with? Light and water requirements? So on and so forth . . . I already suspect the medium they are in in may be too fast draining.
Maybe one day it will be this. I am praying since I got one too. What I hear is that they like a bit more moisture and humidity than many cactus and that is why they do well in Florida. That said, Someone said that arid weather helps to cause the twisting. That is hearsay that I am repeating so take it with a bit of salt.
Here is a link that might be useful:
Fast draining is good but here they can take a bit more humus than cactus 20/80 proportions, but really , I think you don't have to be quite so water deprived as normal cactus. They will take the outdoors in Florida once past babyhood. since that is where Stush said the Mama came from. I don't know where in Florida and Florida is a LONG state and I don't know where you are in reference to it, so I should keep my trap shut. As cactus go it is a bit more to the tropical side than a lot of cactus. That can take some minor frosts too, I THINK. When they are older. I have seen a sizable one outside in Austin Texas. I wonder how they treat it come winter. It is surrounded by Concrete so it is in the Heat Island of Downtown and has asphalt all around it. Not my conditions.
Hello all, Well, I grew them from seeds and I still don't know any much more about them. One thing, they do take more water than I thought they would. When I had them thru the winter I water very little and they were very small and slow growing. Then spring and outside with more water, they doubled their size and just took off. Also some small one had a twist to them. They filled out with water and the twist left. The mother plant was no way twisted as the one above showed but all the others in the area showed no twist to them at all. The area was near Tampa, a place called Clearwater. I think the zone is 9.
Jay - I live a lot further North than Lakeland, FL. All I can say is, if you plant to keep succulents outside it's all about drainage because it can rain a lot down here. The sun is completely different as well. Stuff that would normally enjoy full sun can't handle it down here for some reason. It's trial and error.


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Spiky Segment Ring (s). The Spike Segment Ring is specially designed to be both functional and attractive. It's made of Surgical Steel so it's body-friendly, elegant and durable. Segment rings are very reliable and they make a great alternative to Captive Bead Rings. This ring includes 3 elegant spikes that will sure attract a lot of attention. It's a truly great piece for your body jewelry collection.
- Price: $20.99 - Out of stock


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent [1 1 m1 3,752fl39 Hewins Aug. 14, 1973 MASTER-SLAVE HYDRAULIC CONTROL 3,387,757 6/1968 Graffy et a1. 60/97 E ux SYSTEM 3,648,565 3/1972 Probst et a1 91/171 [75] Inventor: Thomas Fenton Hewins, Lexington,
Ky. [73] Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, NY.
22 Filed: Dec. 22, 1971 [211 App]. No.: 210,873
[52] US. Cl. 91/171, 60/97 E [5i] Int. Cl. F011) 25/04, Fl5b 11/22 [58] Field of Search 60/97 E; 91/171- [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,911,138 5/1933 Clute et al. 60/52 R X Primary Examiner-Edgar W. Geoghegan Attorney-Laurence R. Letson et a1.
[57] ABSTRACT A master-slave hydraulic control system is disclosed which provides an improved synchronization control together with the ability to rapidly change the stroking characteristics of the cylinders by removing and inserting a second control member into a mounting apparatus moved with themaster control piston. Further, the two pistons are continuously maintained in close synchronization and are not allowed to get out of synchronization by the accumulation of more than a slight quantity ofcaptive hydraulic fluid or oil.
7 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures Paten ted Aug. 14, 1973 3,152,039
2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 1
Patented Aug. 14, 1973 3,752,039
2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ll MASTER-SLAVE HYDRAULHC (IONTROL SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTTON This invention relates to hydraulic master-slave cylinder control systems and, more specifically, to the ability to maintain the master and slave cylinders of a continuously reciprocating system in synchronization.
Master-slave reciprocating hydraulic systems have been well known in the art for many years. Many attempts have been made to adequately control these systems in such a way that the systems are not damaged when certain conditions occur. One very common condition in a master-slave system in which there is a captive oil supply, is encountered when the captive oil increases in volume due to leakage past the piston on the high pressure side. When pressurized oil is pumped into a cylinder to drive the piston through its travel, a pressure differential is created across that piston. Small quantities of the high pressure oil will seek to bypass the piston and the cylinder walls and join that oil referred to as captive oil on the relatively low pressure side of the driving piston. The captive oil is used to transmit the driving force from the driving piston to the driven piston. In order for the driven piston to properly translate its position, the portion of the system on the opposite side of the driven piston from the captive oil is generally vented or valved into a reservoir or other low pressure holding means. Inasmuch as only a relatively low pressure resists the translation of the driven cylinder and the captive oil supply is at a relatively low pressure, the pressure differential across the driven piston is generally considerably less than the pressure differential across the driving piston. Therefore, it is readily apparent that the captive oil supply will continue to increase, and when the captive oil supply increases sufficiently, this causes the two pistons to becme unsynchronized and additionally creates a situation after a sufficient length of time where the pistons stroke, in addition to being unsynchronized, also is relatively uncontrollable because the travel of the driven piston has been translated with respect to the travel of the driving piston and eventually will result in the driven piston reaching its physical end of travel and being unable to further respond to the pressure transmitted to it through the captive oil supply. This can result in several problems, the most obvious one is that the tool or working mechanism attached to the driven piston is prevented from travelling through its normal required movement. A second more destructive result will be either a rupture at a weak point in the system between the two pistons or the forcing of the captive oil past the pistons in such a way that it may damage either the cylinder walls or the pistons or seals associated therewith.
To overcome this problem, there have been attempts in the past to bleed off excessive captive oil either by hand or in response to excessive pressures in the captive oil supply. Generally, the hand bleeding is accomplished by the opening of a valve which is connected to the captive oil line and thereby passing a quantity of the oil into a receptacle or reservoir. This process is fully acceptable where the requirement for such adjustment is very intermittent and is not critical to the continuing satisfactory operation of the overall working system. However, this system is not generally satisfactory where the requirement to resynchronize the movement of the cylinders is frequent and exacting or where the stroke of the cylinders is varied periodically, as the hand venting is a cut and try technique.
Alternate systems have been used where there is a pressure relief valve connected into the captive oil line and thus relieves the excessive oil when one of the two pistons reaches its physical end of travel and the other piston is still displaced from its end of travel. This cre ates a drastic increase in pressure and pops the pressure release valve to bleed off the excessive captive oil. This system is not totally satisfactory as it is pressure sensitive and is dependent upon the synchronization of the two pistons being so far out of synchronization that an excessive pressure is developed during normal operation, and may result in damage to the equipment. Other more automated techniques have been attempted and, among others, they include the technique of attaching to one or the other of the piston rods, an electrical contact which in turn engages a second portion of an elec' trical circuit, primarily a limit switch which then in turn controls an electronic or electrical valve thus opening the captive oil supply to the reservoir at anytime that the driven piston reaches its end of travel. This technique is reasonably well suited-to situations where the driven piston always reaches the end of travel at a fixed point, but is highly unsatisfactory where the length of the strokes of the system are varied depending upon the work application it is accomplishing.
To utilize this system in a varying stroke environment, the end-of-travel sensor must be constantly adjusted to accomplish the bleed off. Further, this system has the drawback that on every stroke that the piston reaches its end of travel, the captive oil supply is valved to the reservoir and, in so doing, presents an opportunity for the system to excessively bleed off captive oil and thus prevent the driven piston from operating properly on the next and succeeding strokes, until such time as the captive oil supply is reestablished at its required volume or in excess of its required volume.
OBJECTS OF THE TNVENTION It is therefore an object of this invention to improve automatic synchronization control for a master-slave hydraulic system.
it is another object of this invention to selectively control the piston strokes of a master-slave hydraulic system while maintaining synchronization.
it is still another object of this invention to selectively control a hydraulically coupled master-slave stroking system safely in an explosive and hostile environment.
It is further an object of this invention to eliminate the need to interrupt the operation of the hydraulic system for long periods of time to change piston stroke lengths.
it is an additional object of this invention to control synchronization of the pistons of a master-slave hydraulic system independent of stroke length.
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of a preferred embodiment of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE llNVENTlON The foregoing disadvantages of the prior art are overcome and the above objects accomplished by the electrical sensing of, the position of one piston with respect to the position of the other piston of the two cylinders and the gradual readjustment of the captive oil supply in accordance with their displacement from each other at prescribed points in their travels.
Additionally, the system is capable of rapid change in the length of the strokes of the pistons by the removal and reinsertion of selective control members which act to control the stroke of the master and slave pistons. An additional advantage of this system is accomplished by the use of magnetic sensing proximity switches to detect positions of travel, and thus avoid exposed electrical switches which can be exceedingly hazardous in explosive and unstable environments.
These advantages are accomplished by connecting proximity sensors into a control'circuit which gradually bleeds off excessive captive oil in response to the sensing of the piston positions. When the piston positions are displaced by a large amount of travel and thus a large amount of time between their datum positions, the bleed off valve is controlled proportionally and thus bleeds off a larger quantity of oil. This process is accomplished at a rate which gradually resynchronizes and then maintains the pistons in synchronization. The interchangeability of the control member does not effect the resynchronization circuit or sensing apparatus inasmuch as the sensing data points for resynchronization are designated as the midpoint of travel for the piston, and thus the pistons need not be forced to their end of travel in order to activate the resynchronization controls. I
FIG. 1 is a line schematic diagram of the hydraulic equipment controls and hydraulic connections of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic electrical diagram of the related control elements and circuitry.
FIG. 3 is a schematic of the electrically controlled directional valve.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the interchangeable control member together with the midpoint detector and related limit controls.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an electrical control element embodied in the interchangeable control member of FIG. 4, together with an illustration of the attaching of one limit dog to the interchangeable control member.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Inasmuch as the invention may be utilized in many different environments and may be adapted for many v separate and diverse uses, the description of the invention will be made referencing the schematic diagrams as they are fully adequate for a complete understanding of the invention. Some of the description will be made referring to an electrostatic printing environment, only by way of example.
The terms, master cylinder and slave cylinder and piston, as used in this application and claims are used to mean a cylinder or piston which controls another cylinder or piston and a controlled working cylinder or piston, regardless of which cylinder or piston is actually powered by pressurized hydraulic fluid from an external source. Additionally, the term magnetic as applied to the limit dogs or limits and describing material includes all materials ferrous and nonferrous which are attractable to a magnet.
Referring to FIG. 1, the primary control of the system is influenced through the movement of the piston in master cylinder 10. Master cylinder is fixed and provided with the necessary motive power to move its piston ill by pressure source 16. Pressure source 16 is illustrated as a hydraulic pressure pump, however, it may be any convenient pressure source and could even be hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure. 7
Connected to the captive oil side of piston 11 and cylinder 10 is captive oil line 22. Captive oil line 22 provides a pressure route to the captive oil side of slave cylinder 12 and piston 13. Piston 13 is connected by way of a piston rod to the working tool 14.
In the explanation of operation, working tool 14 will be characterized as a drive motor and electrostatic painting disc, but may be any suitable tool for the job being performed.
Opposite the captive oil side of piston 13 is a portion of cylinder 12 which may be either valved to the reservoir 20 or may be pressurized by the selective positioning of directional control valve 18. To provide the connection between cylinder 12 and the directional control valve 18, the slave pressure line 17 is provided. The slave pressure line 17 does not always have a positive pressure exerted upon it but may be periodically vented or valved. Directional control valve 18 is either a unitary valve or a system of individual valves electrically controlled to accomplish the same purpose. The unitary valve could be such as one illustrated in FIG. 3 where the solenoids 74, 76 rotate the core 72 of valve 18. Two paths 73 formed in core 72 provide continuity between the pressure line 19 and one of the cylinders, either the master 10 or slave l2, and at the same time provide continuity between the other of the cylinders and the drain line. Thus, whenever pressure is applied from the pressure source 16 to one of the cylinders 10, 12, the other cylinder is relieved and allowed to drain back through directional valve 18 into the reservoir 20.
As one can see from the diagram of FIG. 1, the oil trapped between piston 13 and piston 11 is, in theory, constant in volume. However, due to wear of the periphery of pistons 11 and 13 and the wear on the internal cylinder walls of cylinders 10 and 12, high pressure hydraulic fluid from pressure source 16 forced into either cylinder 10 or cylinder 12 may be forced past the the seals on pistons 11 and 13. As this occurs, the volume of the captive oil in line 22 and the two cylinders 10 and 12 will increase. Other causes of increase in the captive oil supply can be an increase in temperature as the system is operated.
In order to relieve the increased volume of the captive oil supply, a relief line 25 or bleed return line 25 is connected to the captive oil line 22, and includes bleed valve 24. The bleed return line 25 terminates with the reservoir 20. The volume of the' captive oil in the cylinders 10, 12 and captive oil line 22 may be reduced at anytime by the opening of a bleed valve 24 inserted into bleed return line 25. By controlling the amount of opening and the length of time of opening of valve 24, the reduction of the captive oil supply may be very finely controlled. In accurately controlling the captive oil volume, the relative positions of pistons 11 and 13 are finely controlled, and thus the operation of piston 11 within hydraulic cylinder 10 may be precisely translated into the appropriate positioning of piston 13 within cylinder 12.
When a working tool, such as a drive motor for an electrostatic painting disc, is mounted on the shaft which is connected in turn to the rod of piston 13, the
precise positioning of the drive motor 14 may be accurately controlled.
In an environment which is hostile to finely machined hydraulic cylinder and shaft surfaces, it may be necessary to provide a protective shroud on the working cylinders to eliminate contamination and protect the equipment. Such a shroud 34 is mounted around the slave piston shaft connected to slave piston 13 and extending generally downward from the working tool M and enclosing at least a portion of the slave cylinder 12. This shroud will reciprocate together with the movement of piston 13.
To accurately sense the position of piston 111 within cylinder 10, a connecting rod or piston shaft is extended through the end portion of cylinder lit) and mounted thereon are extensions for holding control members.
A control member 42, which is interchangeable, is removably attached to the mounting bracket 63 and shaft extending from piston ll. This control member 42 may be in many forms but is preferably in the form of a light weight, rigid, nonmagnetic material in the form of either a generally U-shaped channel or other convenient structural shape. This control member is suitable for removal and replacement with ease by releasing holding means or clip 45. Likewise, attached to the output shaft of piston 11 is a member of a magnetic or ferrous material 28 which is hereafter referred to as the master dog 28. Positioned rigidly at a point which is the midpoint of travel of one end of the master dog 28 is a magnetic proximity sensing switch 26. This switch 26 reacts when the magnetic material in master dog 28 comes into close proximity thereto.
Interchangeable control member 42 has positioned, at preselected locations thereon, two relatively small clampable pieces of magnetic material 38, 66. These two pieces may either be adjustably mounted or rigidly and fixedly mounted as desired. In FIG. l, these two magnetic pieces are designated as 38 for the up limit dog and 40 for the down limit dog. Mounted in a preselected fixed position in proximity to the paths of dogs 38, 40 is a magnetic activated sensing switch 36 of the double pole, double throw type. As one dog comes in proximity to the magnetic activated sensing switch 36, the switch is tripped in response to that dog and changes its state from a connection in one circuit to a connection in a second circuit and the process is reversed when the second dog approaches the sensing switch 36 from the opposite direction.
This will be further expanded upon in the operation section of this specification.
Attached to shroud 34, or any other convenient mounting support which moves in response to the movement of piston 13, is a bar or dog 32 of magnetic material. At a point which represents one end of the dog when piston 13 is at its midpoint of travel, magnetic actuated proximity sensing switch 30 is fixedly mounted. This reacts to the presence of dog 32 from the time that piston 13 is at its midpoint of travel in either particular direction. Illustrated in FIG. 1, the switch is activated by dog 32 when piston i3 is moving downward and reaches its midpoint of travel in the downward direction.
Referring to FIG. 2, the schematic control diagram for the appropriate switches and controls, power is provided by power source 44. Connected in series with power source 44 is a double pole, double throw magnetic actuated proximity switch 36 which responds to one of two actuators 33, 60. The ferrous actuated switches in the preferred embodiment have internal magnets which cause a change in switch positions in response to the proximity of the ferrous or magnetic material of the up and down limit dogs 33 and 60. Branching from the terminals of the switch 36 and connected one side in parallel with each other is an up solenoid 74 and a down solenoid 76. Continuing through the circuit, the up and down solenoids 76 and 76 are in turn connected back to the power source Branching from the down solenoid loop prior to down solenoid 76 and after double pole, double throw switch 36 is a parallel circuit extending to the power source M. In this parallel circuit and connected in series is proximity sensing switch 36 in turn connected to proximity sensing switch 26, which in turn is connected to solenoid bleed valve 26.
Proximity sensing switch 36, associated with the slave piston 13, is normally maintained in its open position when the magnetic dog 32 is not in proximity to sensing switch 30. i
Magnetic actuated sensing switch 26 is normally maintained in a closed position during the time when the magnetic bar or dog 23 is not in proximity to switch 26. Solenoid valve 26 is selected from the type which normally operates to open the valve only when there is a current flowing through the solenoid portion of the control mechanism.
As it is desirable to be able to rapidly vary the length of stroke of piston 12 in order to efficiently change the painting coverage of the electrostatic painting system, control member 42 is provided in an interchangeable characteristic. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the interchangeable control member 62 is supported on one end and is shaped in a generally U-shaped channel. This provides a member which moves in synchronization with the piston ill of master cylinder lltl. Mounted within the U of this interchangeable member are two adjustable blocks or pieces of magnetic material 36, ilt). The amount of movement of the piston M and thus the other related portions of the system is determined by the positioning of these blocks on control member 42, thru their action on switch 36 which controls directional control valve 113, as described earlier. For rapid change in the stroke characteristics of the system, it is merely necessary to remove one interchangeable control member and insert another with differently located blocks 38, d6. v
The control member may be titted with an electrical element 46 which, when properly positioned, alters a related electrical circuit. Examples would be a resistive or capacitive element for controlling the speed of the working motor lid it speed changes are necessitated by the change of stroke length. Other changes could be a reduction or increase in the pump speed to control paint flow. Other variables controllable by the above techniques would depend upon the system usage.
A better understanding of the operation of the invention may be had from the following description of the mode of operation.
OPERATION To more clearly illustrate the operation of this master-slave control system, the operation will be described in the environment of an electrostatic painting booth where the slave cylinder l2 moves a drive motor and electrostatic painting disc 14 in a vertical movement to evenly distribute charged paint droplets onto articles passing through the paint booth.
Hydraulic pump 16 or pressure source 16 is powered to continuously operate and thus provides pressure through the hydraulic fluid through lines 19 to control valve 18. During an upstroke of the slave piston 13, the hydraulic pressure is diverted from line 19 through pressure line 17 to the pressure face of piston 13 of slave cylinder 12. At the same time that control valve 18 is diverting the pressurized hydraulic flow from pump 16 to line 17, it is also providing a relief passage from line 23 through valve 18 to return line 21. Return line 21 then terminates and dumps its return oil into reservoir 20. As piston 13 is forced up by the pressurized fluid in line 17, the capacity of cylinder 12 on the captive oil side of piston 13 is reduced and the hydraulic fluid or oil trapped in that portion of the cylinder is expressed through line 22 into the captive oil side of master piston 11 in cylinder 10. Since the dynamics of the system and the pressures developed in the different lines vary, the pressure in line 17 and the working side of cylinder 12 of necessity exceeds that on the captive side of piston 13 in cylinder 12 and in line 22. As there is a pressure differential between the two bodies of oil, there will be some small amount of leakage of the high pressure oil past piston 13 into the accumulated captive oil.
As piston 13 and thus tool 14 are moved upward, the captive oil is forced through line 22 and forces piston 11 down. As tool 14 moves upward, shroud 34 moves upward and moves the long dog 32 past proximity sensing switch 30. When piston 13 reaches its midpoint of upward travel, the magnetic dog moves out of proximity with sensing switch 30.
Since piston 11 and piston 13 desirably move in synchronization, the point at which piston 13 reaches its midpoint should be the same point in time as when piston 11 reaches its midpoint of travel. Thus, magnetic member 28 will no longer be in proximity to sensing switch 26 after piston 11 passes its midpoint in a downward stroke in response to the upward movement of piston 13. The conditions described above with piston 13 moving up and piston 11 moving down will continue until such time as magnetic dog 38 comes in proximity to double-pole, double-throw proximity switch 36. At this point, the magnetic dog 38, approaching from the top of switch 36 will shift the state of switch 36 so that the down solenoid 76 activates directional valve 18. When the down solenoid 76 activates directional valve 18 to change the direction of movement of the pistons 11 and 13, the pressure from pump 16 is delivered through lines 19 and 23 to the high pressure side of piston ll. Piston 11 is forced upward by this high pressure hydraulic fluid and it moves with it the long magnetic dog 28 and the interchangeable control member 42, together with the magnetic limit dogs 38, 40 mounted on the magnetic control member 42. The accumulated captive oil in line 22 and the captive oil portions of cylinders l and 12 forces the slave piston 13 downward and also lowers the paint disc driving motor 14, shroud 34, and long magnetic dog 32.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, long magnetic dog 32 has progressed downward to the point where it has caused proximity sensing switch 30 to sense its presence and close switch 30. The long magnetic dog 32 has continued to progress until it has begun to overlap proximity switch 30, and at the point in time illustrated in FIG. 1, long magnetic dog 28 has just approached into activating proximity to sensing switch 26. In the condition illustrated in FIG. 1, with switch 30 closed and sensing switch 26 about to be opened, the solenoid valve 24 was initially energized when switch 30 closed and will remain open until magnetic dog 28 opens switch 26. Since line 25, connected between captive oil line 22 and the reservoir 20, is fairly small diameter line and only bleeds off a small quantity of oil as piston 11 continues to move upward, piston 13 will continue its downward movement not withstanding the fact that valve 24 has been opened. Valve 24 thus bleeds off a portion of the captive oil supply. This condition is necessitated by the fact that high pressure oil is being forced past pistons 11 and 13 during their respective pressure strokes, and thus the captive oil supply in the captive oil portions of cylinders 10 and 12, together with captive oil line 22, continually increases. in this accumulative arrangement, the slave piston 13 will always tend to lead the master piston 11, and thus the bleeding can be controlled by valve 24 only on the downstroke of piston 13.
As one can readily see, if, for some reason, the piston 13 lags piston 11, the movement of piston 11 in controlling magnetic dog 28 will cause switch 26 to open prior to the closing of switch 30 by the proximity of magnetic dog 32, and thus the solenoid valve 24 will not be opened to drain off any of the captive oil. As piston 11 continues its upward movement under the influence of the pressurized oil coming from line 23, proximity switch 36 begins to come under the influence of the stroke reversal magnetic limit dog 40. When stroke reversal magnetic limit dog 40 is sufficiently close to proximity switch 36, the switch is changed in its state to the second position of the double-pole, doublethrow switch, and this, in turn, activates the up solenoid which will then condition directional valve 18 to route the oil which is received under pressure from line 19 through line 17 to slave cylinder 12 for a repeat of the above-illustrated cycle.
It is many times desirable to quickly change stroke lengths when there are many short runs of parts through a painting booth. The dimension of the parts will vary, depending upon the type of part being painted at any particular time. As most of the small parts are grouped together and most of the large parts are grouped together, and in many cases, a run will be made with identical parts, it is desirable to control the stroke of piston 13 so that 'the painting disc and drive motor 14 are only stroked over the minimum necessary distance for the most efficient painting. For a series of parts with a very small vertical dimension, the dogs 38 and 40 mounted on interchangeable control member 42 can be moved toward each other. The movement of these dogs normally requires that the system be shut down and the production of the system curtailed while the adjustment is made. It is therefore advantageous to provide additional interchangeable members 42 with preset dogs. When it is desirable to change from one stroke length to another, member 42 may be removed and a substitute member may be reinserted into the control bracket, thus changing the stroking characteristics of the entire system. Interchangeable control members may be prepared for use with specific types of operations and so marked for fast efficient changes by unskilled operators.
It may be additionally necessary, due to the change in the length of'stroke and thus the increased coverage of the painting mechanism over a very short stroke, to reduce the speed of the disc drive motor 14 or the speed of the stroking piston 13. This may be accomplished through a resistive or capacitive network which may be permanently attached within the interchangeable control member and thus plug into a circuit when the control member is inserted in the control bracket. Thus, the necessary stroke change can be made at the same time that the necessary speed change may be made. Alternatively, the control member with the capacitive or resistive elements embodied therein may control the paint pump speed or any other electrically controllable variable which is necessary to accomplish the desired work result. Additional magnetic dogs can be added (fixed) to the side of control member 42 to act on other switches, thereby controlling still other functions.
While the above control system has been described and illustrated in the electrostatic painting environment, this should not, in any way, be considered as limiting to that environment as this mechanism may easily be used in any other environment requiring a hydraulic master-slave cylinder mechanism and requiring accurate automatic reversal of movement at predetermined points in the piston travel. It is particularly advantageous where it is necessary to periodically change the lengths of the piston strokes to accommodate varying conditions.
Precise control and automatic correction of nonsynchronous drifting of the slave piston stroke, with respect to the master piston stroke, is a prerequisite for the programmed operation of any hydraulic masterslave drive system, whether program introduction is by insertable members, as described, or by other insertable instructions which bear upon the master stroke functioning and, in turn, by hydraulic coupling bear upon the slave stroke functions.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
l. A master-slave hydraulic, reversible system comprising:
a slave cylinder having a piston;
a master cylinder having a piston;
a pressure line connecting said cylinders to form a captive volume of a pressure medium;
and a pressure source for furnishing working pressure alternately to said cylinders; the improvement comprising:
a first position sensing means for sensing the position of said slave cylinder piston and providing an output;
a second position sensing means for sensing the position of said master cylinder piston and providing an output;
and a captive volume pressure medium relief means responsively controlled by the outputs of said sensing means to automatically synchronize the movemets of said pistons during the operation of said system.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said first sensing means completes an electrical connection to operate said relief means, whereby excessive captive oil is removed from said captive oil volume.
3. The system of claim 2 wherein said second sensing means breaks an electrical connection to prevent further operation of said relief means to prevent additional captive oil from being removed thereby limiting the time that captive oil may be removed from said captive oil volume to the time between the functioning of said first sensing means and the functioning of said sec ond sensing means.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein said first and second sensing means are positioned to detect the midpoint of travel of said pistons.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein said improvement further comprises:
stroke length control means;
said stroke length control means further comprising a sensing means;
and limit defining means movably positioned to intermittently activate and deactivate said sensing means in response to the movement of the piston of one of said cylinders,
said sensing means operatively connected to a means for reversing the stroke of said pistons within said cylinders.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein said limit defining means further comprises a preselected electrical component for altering the operating characteristics of related and associated electrical circuits.
7. The system of claim 5 wherein said limit defining means is adapted to be removable for easy substitution. t
Referenced by
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The 2011 Minor League RBI king picked up where he left off last season, going 4-for-5 with three RBIs and two runs as Tulsa topped San Antonio, 7-2, in their Texas League opener.
Arenado, who was named the Rockies' top prospect and MLB.com's No. 22 prospect overall this offseason, singled in his first three at-bats and doubled in the eighth inning.
Shortstop Josh Rutledge, Colorado's No. 16 prospect, homered to lead off the game, and then Michael Mitchell doubled. After Mitchell stole third, Arenado singled in the second of the Drillers' four runs in the first.
With the score, 5-2, in the eighth, Arenado put the game out of reach with a bases-loaded one-out double that plated Lars Davis and Jimmy Cesario.
Arenado's Texas League debut displayed the kind of production he was routinely capable of last season. He led all of Minor League baseball with 122 RBIs and added 20 home runs for Modesto in the California League.
He also he hit .298, slugged .487 and went on to be named Most Valuable Player of the prospect-laden Arizona Fall League following the season.
The 2009 second-round pick drove in 65 runs in 92 games for Class A Asheville in the South Atlantic League in 2010. He's never hit below .298 in three seasons of Minor League play.
The third baseman, who turns 21 later this month, inspired enough confidence in the Rockies to invite him to Major League camp for Spring Training this season. But he struggled at the plate and was sent down by Colorado.
Today on MiLB.com
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I can't say enough how personable and willing to help Jeff and the staff were to me. They went above and beyond to find a solution for me and that is...Read More ->
Hi Jeff
Thanks a million for your rapid response. I did find the information on the N3 packaging. I got the basic handling down in a couple of...Read More ->


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MLB Playoffs: Victorino slams Sox into World Series
BOSTON (AP) — When Shane Victorino signed with the Boston Red Sox as a free agent in the offseason, they were coming off a last-place finish that was their worst in almost half a century. They had fired their manager for the second year in a row.
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Satsuma Tangerine...is it ripe?
Hello everyone, I have a young Satsuma tangerine tree that bore 2 fruits for the very first time since I planted it. My question is how can I tell when its ripe. Right now most of it is orange and still has a little bit of green left.
I'm hoping to pick it at the right time so its sweet. Thanks for any advise!
BTW, this one is the largest Satsuma I've ever seen!
Whoohoo! Congrats, Nancy! ;-)
I would wait until the fruit has fully colored.
In our area, a couple good freezes in October really kicked the Satsumas into high gear.
Even some of the slightly green fruit has been sweet. But in your warmer area, I would give the
fruit as much "cold" as possible. Any frost in the future?
I'll have to disagree with greenman in this case. Here in central Florida, Satsumas normally are bright green when at their peak flavor. The SealdSweet growers used to market them as "Emerald Mandarin" for that reason. Normally they will be good by the first half of November, so we're a bit past peak right now. They should still be fine, but on a young tree, you may find that they're starting to dry out, which is disappointing. And fruit is a couple weeks early this year -- even Minneolas are decent here in Lakeland right now, and normally, they'd not be good until after Christmas.
I once visited my Brother, when he was living in Tampa; he asked me to tell him what was wrong with his orange tree. He said they won't get "ripe"; but they keep falling on the ground. For a California boy, an orange is ripe when it gets orange. I explained to him that in Tampa they were never going to get orange (the skin); then I cut open some and showed him they were indeed ripe. Your mandarin definitely looks a bit "overcooked"; and likely the skin will be a bit "loose". Best thing to do, pick one and try it; next year you will be smarter.
Thanks everyone! I really appreciate all your help and advise...I'm off to pick them right now and let you guys know if I picked it too late :o(
Next year hopefully, I will be more a little more experienced.
Josh, I know you're aware that this is the tree I planted last Feb. Not too shabby for its first year.
Updates later...
Just tasted one of the tangerines...except for two dry segments the rest was very juicy. It's not as sweet as I had hoped but I'm hoping its because the tree is still very immature. I only planted it 10 months ago. I'm pretty happy with it so far. Hopefully next year will be even better.
That variety is seldom sweet, in my opinion. My Mother had one for years and we finally replaced it with a sweet orange; because nothing we did could make it sweet. Part of the problem is the tree was in Sacramento which doesn't get enough heat units to make it sweet; but you shouldn't have that problem in Florida.
I know it is late for me, but I had to find it worth my time to say good night to you Nancy and compliment you on that tree! Thank you.
Beautiful fruit and I wish I could share one or two with you in your warm climate.
Hope you are well and a good night to all:-)
Thanks John...you're SO right! Heat is in over abundance here, so I'll see what the tree does in the next few years as it matures.
Hi Mike! Thanks! Nice of you to pop in. When you get too cold, come on down for a visit...its suppose to be in the 70's to low 80's here for the next 10 days,lol...Take care!
I live in a warm micro-climate on the Florida north coast. I had 3 Satsumas on our 5-6 year old tree (first time to bear fruit). Some poster from Texas said they picked their satsuma in October and it was delicious, so we picked one. It was green, and absolutely beautiful inside and out. It was very juicy and tasted like water. We ate a second one on Thanksgiving Day. It was very orange and was "shrinking". It was sweet, and tasted okay, but there was no Satsuma twang to the taste, not much acid, just tasted like an average orange from the grocery store, not like a Satsuma. We are saving the last one till Christmas.
Hi Kumquat, thanks for your response. Good luck with the last one.
I grew this tree strictly for the cold temperature so I wouldn't have to protect it during the few nights of winter freezes that I get in Central FL. I already have several Mango trees to heat and cover and didn't want to plant anything else that would require covering/protecting. I'm okay with it if it doesn't bare much fruit. I'm fortunate enough to have neighbors with plenty of oranges, grapefruits, lemons,limes and all are free for the taking. I wanted to plant something NO one else had around here.
Might not have been the best choice but as long as I don't have to protect it...I'm okay with it,lol...
I picked my satsumas for the year. My tree puts out around 300 each year but due to our drought they were much smaller this year. I never pick before Nov around thanksgiving time each year. I find them always sweet even when the skins are green. I remember they use to dye them to look ripe in the stores many years back. They were very juicy and sweet even then.


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wow.best in life.thanks a lot for teaching and inspiring us.Take over the world and rule it.
by M.S. | IESE
In a valedictory from IESE business school in Spain, Mayank Sharma, one of our regular diarists, passes on what he has learnt from his MBA
NOW that my MBA at IESE is over, I often sit back and think: what was the essence of my time at business school. Was it all about finding the right job? Or was it about performing well academically? Some think of the MBA as a race which needs to be won, while others see it as a good long break after some hectic years of professional life. So what is the MBA all about? Well, in my opinion, the answer is all of these and probably a lot more.
For me, the prime reason for pursuing an MBA was getting a career boost. My initial goal was to become a strategy consultant. But I soon realised this was not my calling. I became inclined towards start-ups and, after an interesting summer internship, growth-phase start-ups in particular. This was a tough niche to break into—further complicated by the tough economic conditions in Europe, work visa constraints (I am an Indian citizen) and the fact that I did not always speak the European language in which the firm was based. Hence, it is fair to claim that a big part of my MBA was spent job hunting.
Europe has been a tough job market for the past two years, and probably will be for a while to come. But a determined MBA student, hell bent on achieving his career goal, can eventually secure a satisfactory job, even if not a dream job. Looking back, my advice is to identify clearly the type of company, function and role you get interview calls for. If you get interviews in your area of interest, great. Then it is just a matter of time and rigorous preparation; you should get what you set out for. If not, it is time for a reality check because there must be a problem either with your skills or experience. Analyse if you can somehow overcome this; and if so, how quickly? If you cannot, it is time to get practical: move on to plan B.
Although important, finding a good job was not my only consideration. The MBA also gave me the opportunity for introspection. The first year at IESE was a whirlwind, not because what they taught was rocket science, but because of the sheer quantity and pace of work demanded of us. Still, I enjoyed working with, and getting evaluated by, my team members. It helped me to understand how people perceive me and my actions. Almost all top business schools provide such opportunities. The key, in my opinion, is to be open to the idea of changing oneself. IESE was perfect for this slow process of moulding one's personality.
On the academic front, I discovered some new subjects of interest. My approach was to take few courses which I knew nothing about. If by the end of the course I still knew nothing, it was probably not my cup of tea. If I enjoyed it I might pick advances courses in the subsequent terms. Doing this, you might not land a job in this particular subject area, but you will certainly feel more confident discussing it in future.
Conversely, business school also gave me a good sense of what I missed out on. The MBA offers such a huge variety of opportunities (events, clubs, activities, trips, courses, electives and the like) that it is impossible to engage them all. Making a decision (to get involved or let go) was a great reminder of my short- and long-term priorities. In some cases, the decision was straightforward and in others not. Choosing between continuing Spanish lessons or focusing on academics and job hunting, was a tough call. Those activities that I found really hard to let go, I hope to catch up on post-MBA.
Probably the most important aspect of the programme is making lifelong friends. The global nature of a school like IESE means that when you graduate you will have classmates scattered all around the world. In our MBA class of 2013 we now have people working from Mexico to Vietnam and everywhere in between. Next time I plan a trip to some obscure part of the world I know there will be someone from IESE greet me. Also important is having some professors as mentors during and after the MBA. Likewise, making connections with alumni appears high in the list. Last, but not the least, the MBA helped me discover this amazing city called Barcelona. What a city this is to live in as a student!
Today, as I await the beginning of the next phase of my professional life, working for Adtelligence, a technology firm, I wonder at how fast the past two years went by. The essence and value of the MBA, I gather, will unfold further as I go ahead in my life. Who knows which class, which interaction I had during the MBA, will come back to me and help me unravel some challenges that life throws at me.
The Economist welcomes your views. Please stay on topic and be respectful of other readers. Review our comments policy.
wow.best in life.thanks a lot for teaching and inspiring us.Take over the world and rule it.
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Articles techniques et présentations
Simulation of Heat-induced Fusing of Polymer Toner
Hoffmann, R.
Océ Printing Systems GmbH, Poing
The electrophotographic print process uses polymer toner particles to create the desired print image on the paper. After depositing the particles on the paper, the particle layer has to be heated beyond the glass point of the polymer to create a homogeneous layer. This fusing process is one of the most energy-consuming parts of the whole print process. It is therefore imperative to limit the ...
Numerical Modeling of Molten Pool Formation During an Interaction of a Pulse Laser (ND:YAG) with an Aluminum Sheet
Pierron, N., Sallamand, P., Matteï, S.
Laboratoire laser et traitement des matériaux, Université de Bourgogne
Laser welding offers many advantages over conventional techniques, but is subject to a great number of different parameters. Whereas a purely experimental study would be very expensive, modelling the process can optimize it more economically. Modelling presents several difficulties arising from the following : the strong thermal gradients present over short distances, the evaporation of the ...
Effects of the Film Thickness on the Transient Conjugate Opticalthermal Fields in Thin Films Irradiated by Moving Sources in Back and Front Treatments
N. Bianco[1], O. Manca[2], S.Nardini[2], and D. Ricci[2]
[1]DETEC, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
[2]DIAM, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Aversa, CE, Italy
A two dimensional transient analysis of the conjugate optical-thermal fields induced in a multilayer thin film structure by a moving Gaussian laser source is carried out numerically in order to compare back and front laser treatment processes. Thermal and optical nonlinearity is induced during transient heating, since the response of weakly absorbing thin films depends on temperature. The heat ...
Thermal Simulation and Package Investigation of Wireless Gas Sensors
A. Paoli[1], L. Seminara[2], D.D. Caviglia[1], A. Garibbo[2], and M. Valle[1]
[1]Department of Biophysical and Electronic Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
[2]SELEX Communications S.p.A., Genova, Italy
Gas sensor arrays based on metal oxides operating at high temperature are commonly used in many application fields. They can operate on different principles and each sensor may show very different responses to the individual gases in the environment. Data coming from the array can be merged for reliable gas detection. One point which is common to the different sensors types is that the atmosphere ...
Design of heat flux microsensor assisted by COMSOL for the study of energy transfer on Si and Cu thin samples
L. Bedra, N. Semmar, A.-L. Thomann, R. Dussart, J. Mathias, and Y. Tessier
GREMI, CNRS-Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
A commercial heat probe is used for energy transfer measurements on copper and silicon substrates. To do so, the micro sensor has to be calibrated under high vacuum (~10-7 mbar), using a homemade black body as a heat source.Although the HFM is cooled at 5 oC, the solid surface temperature is unknown as the thermal contact resistance. Thus, COMSOL simulations are also used to obtain reliable ...
Study of a Silicon Photodetector Thermal Stabilization using a Peltier Cell
E. Foschi1, C. Guandalini2, G. Levi1, L. Quadrani1, C. Sbarra 1,3, and M. Zuffa2
1Department of Physics, University and INFN, Bologna, Italy
2INFN, Bologna, Italy
3Centro Studi e Ricerche E.Fermi, Roma, Italy
In recent years, a new type of silicon photon detection devices (SiPM) has been developed. These devices have advantages in comparison to normal photomultiplier tubes (PMT), but being made by an array of avalanche photo diodes operated in Geiger mode, they are much more sensitive to temperature changes than standard PMTs. Typical SiPM gains vary from 3 to 5 percent per degree Centigrade. In space ...
Comparison of 2D Conduction Models for Vertical Ground Coupled Heat Exchangers
A. Priarone[1], and S. Lazzari[2]
[1]DIPTEM-TEC, Università di Genova, Genova, Italia; Corresponding Author: email@example.com
[2]DIENCA, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
The effect of the infinite length approximation on evaluating the temperature of the surface of Borehole Heat Exchangers is determined by means of COMSOL Multiphysics. In detail, two 2D models of a BHE are compared: in the first model, the domain is represented by a cross-section of the geometry, while in the second model, it is represented by an axial-section of the geometry and, thus, the BHE ...
Efficiency of Evacuated Tubular Solar Thermal Collector
J. Ma and X. Wei
Southeastern Louisiana University
Hammond, LA
Using COMSOL® 3.5a, models were created to simulate the heat transfer between the working fluid and the selective coating as well as the natural convection of the working fluid itself. In these models, a constant heat input on half of the selective coating facing the sun was considered as energy input from the sun, and the open end of the tube, where the working fluid can flow in and out of the ...
Modeling of HTPEM Fuel Cell Start-Up Process by Using COMSOL Multiphysics
Y. Wang[1], D. Uwe Sauer[1]
[1]Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
HTPEM fuel cells are considered to be the next generation fuel cells. The electrochemical kinetics for electrode reactions are enhanced by using PBI membrane at an operation temperature between 160-180 °C comparing to LTPEM fuel cells. But starting HTPEM fuel cells from room temperature to an operation temperature is a challenge. In this work, using preheated air to heat up the fuel cells ...
Using COMSOL to Estimate the Heat Losses of Composite Panels Undergoing Repairs Using Bayesian Inference
A. Emery[1]
[1]University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Composite repairs involve applying a prescribed heat flux which must be adjusted to account for heat losses. These losses must be estimated. Parameter estimation requires a knowledge of sensitivities. This is often done using finite differences. As shown in the figure, substantial errors often occur. The paper describes the use of the PDE features of COMSOL to obtain much more accurate values by ...


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Knee pain is your biggest workout complaint, but this prevention plan can help you feel better fast and stay injury-free.
more slideshows
36 New Sneakers To Top Off Your Spring WardrobeSometimes, the accessories make the outfit.
7 Yoga Moves for Strong, Gorgeous ArmsA quick, effective yoga flow that targets your arms, back
Green Your Routine: Luxe Eco-Friendly Fitness GearFocus that eco-consciousness energy on your workout wardrobe.
Three Steps to Nixing Knee Pain for Good
Weak hip muscles wreak havoc on knees. Why? It may sound basic, but the kids' song was right on: "The knee bone's connected to the thighbone, the thighbone's connected to the hip bone…." It's a three-man team that needs to work in concert. If hip muscles are weak, kneecaps bear the brunt. These moves will bolster every hip muscle.
Wrap a circular resistance band above ankles, and stand with feet shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent, hands on hips (as shown). Step to right for 15 seconds, keeping feet under hips and not touching each other. Reverse direction for 15 seconds; repeat.
KEYWORDS: Injury,Knee,Knee Pain,Prevention,Workouts


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6 people found this helpful
"Horrible outdated technology "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Zscaler full-time (less than a year)
Hard sale for every sale keeps the business going
Hard nosed company, most support based in india. Product is far from complete
change this product - get away from the pac files they haven't been used since the late 90's - better customer support - have a back out plan for integrations
- Any Location
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5 people found this helpful
I have been working at Zscaler full-time (less than a year)Pros
Great people to work with. The technology is rock solid and we have a great list of current customers using the technology. All the executives are willing to help and assist in any way even the CEO. There is a tremendous upside for the company over the next few years.Cons
We are still a startup. If you are looking for someone to guide you and not take initiative on your own you will get lost. You have to ask for help but once you ask everyone is willing to lend a hand.Advice to ManagementAdvice
Continue to focus on internal processes and procedures to improve the company. The new procedures in place for customer support and customer advocacy are working great. Continue to hire great people and continue to listen and poll current employees.RecommendsPositive OutlookApproves of CEO
9 people found this helpful
"Poor management. Somewhat interesting product. Mismatched work. "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Zscaler full-time (more than a year)Pros
Somewhat successful late-stage startup. Interesting product line with potential.Cons
Poor management. Disorganized. High turnover rate in all departments.Advice to ManagementAdvice
Become more organized. Be smarter about matching jobs with appropriate personnel.Doesn't RecommendNeutral OutlookNo opinion of CEO


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Postage Due?
Has anyone received word from someone they've traded with that they had postage due when the seeds arrived?
This happended to someone I traded with recently and I'm wondering how you've addressed it if it happened to you?
I stupidly put another stamp in the mail before thinking about all Sue's hard work and now wish I hadn't. I feel that the PO should be held responsible for overcharging. I now have spent over $2 for two packs of seeds that I could have done with or without.
I'm emailing you for the particulars on this. I am 'ticked off' to say the least. Let's see what can maybe be done.
I feel like I have ranted enough here, and maybe been guilty of killing a dead snake.
Once we get together on the particulars and try and get something done, we can come back here and post the solution, if there is one.
Oh SUE, this just happened to me too and I am soo upset, it makes me look like a bad trader....I just got the envie back and you can still see some of the postage due stamp, and I am sooo upset....I made sure to have them weight it and everything...UGH !!!!!!!
Would you make me feel better ?? LOL
oh flwrsever (could I ask that you sign your first real name occasionally, so I can relate to who you are please)
I am getting even more ticked. I will email you asking for the particulars and see who can maybe be 'nailed' for doing this...overcharging. If they weighed it, and put a postage tape on it, then no postal worker anywhere should be taking it upon themselves to say the postal tape and postage charged is WRONG! ...from my understanding.
I am now off to email for all the particulars.
I'm the person who received Kym's envelope postage due. Every time I take bubble envelopes to the P.O. I'm charged different rates by different clerks. This is the same place that when I turned a old Priority Mail box inside out to recycle it for Media Postage called and made me come back and change boxes because Priority mail boxes can't be used for anything else, and boy did I get a lecture. Yet they have no problem ignoring the bubble envelope regulations.
I am still working on this (because it still is NOT taken care of.) Would you mind sending me a bubble envy from your PO...But only if the clerk of the day charges $1.13...which would be for a Parcel Rate, instead of 80 cents for a 1 OZ Large Envy.
Please put the addy of the PO in the envy....again...just back out of mailing it if you are told it is anything less than $1.13....maybe saying you forgot and need to add something to it yet....and try another time....time for another PO sting. Is that entrapment?...lol
Once I get it, I will verify it was overcharged.
I will call your PO and explain that I have in my possession a BE that was overcharged from their facility
I will explain that I am the owner/manager of SIR (Sue's Investigative Research) a small (one woman) consumer protection agency, that has been working with the USPS Consumer Affairs, in an attempt to uncover those Post Offices who have been consistently overcharging the past 11 months.
I will get his email addy
I will email him a copy of the email that went out to all Consumer Affairs Managers, as well as the private email that was sent to me.
I will then call him later to see if he received my email.
I will ask if he has any questions?
I will thank him for his cooperation.
I will then let you know once everything has been done.
I would then ask of you to always have a copy handy of the Original Post in my thread with the title. bubble envys now 80 cents-print out for 'your' Post Office! They are going to overcharge because they CAN. They are only going to stop it if you stand up to them with paperwork to back up what you are telling them.
If they are asking for postage due, confront them with a copy of the email and a copy of Bulletin #22218. We had GOT to band together in the fight to make them get it right!
Bingo...that should take care of it.
When you email me for my addy, please put both your member name and Kym's in the subject line. I will then assign it a case number for the 2 of you. It is the only way I can keep tract of all of the dozens of GW emails I seem to receive daily.
Another suggestion, if I might, Sue, is for them to make note of the clerk's name on their name tag and email that to you as well. That way you have a specific name to give to the Post Master. They are all required to wear badges, so maybe this will help :)
Another suggestion, if I might, Sue, is for them to make note of the clerk's name on their name tag and email that to you as well. That way you have a specific name to give to the Post Master.
I've been told that the numbers are coded on the postal tapes, and that proves who was at the window overcharging. Once I have that envy in my hand, it is the exact proof needed.
Sue...who has been going postal on PO detail this AM...sigh
I talked to the supervisor at proudgm_03s PO ans the PM is on vacation. I emailed him a copy of the email that went out to all CSM. I additionally copied it to the CSM in Louisville who initiated the email 3-12-08. Hopefully they will get the message finally or heads will roll!


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Sports Buzz - Page 12
Blues Brothers Revue Coming To Heymann
Blind Blackhawks Fan Gets Surprise of a Lifetime
Joy Corrigan – Babe of the Day
Milwaukee Brewers Unveil Revolutionary Ticket Plan
Meredith Parker — Babe of the Day
Meredith Parkeris a 25-year-old model from Bath, Maine (which sounds like the cleanest place in the world). A 2010 Maxim Hometown Hotties finalist, Parker is an avowed Boston Red Sox fan and lifelong New Englander. She's done glamor, lingerie, swimsuit and promotional modeling.
A h


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Spring Celebrations Place Settings: 1st Day of Spring
Spring Celebrations Place Settings: 1st Day of Spring
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Can it be an official St. Patrick's Day dinner without corned beef and cabbage or, at least, some green tableware? (Hint: Maybe not.) And will nicer weather get here sooner and stay here longer if you host a patio brunch, spring dinner or pretty bridal shower? (Hint: We think so.)
Due to the unique nature of some of our products, dimensions listed may not be exact. Quantities and selection may vary by store. Pricing in Alaska, Hawaii, the contiguous U.S., and Canada may vary. Prices at store closing locations may vary.


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Miles Gilbert
Hi, I'm Miles –
I work in the space between design and strategy.
Where a room full of servers can become
an icon of artificial intelligence
A disjointed brand can
find its focus
Or a
stranger's wish
can brighten your day.
Explore my work
or learn more about me
Featured Work
Mobil 1: Motorsports
Taking a brand from sponsorship to partnership.
Global Campaign
The internet wants to wish you a happy birthday!
Personal Project
The Watson Avatar
Creating an identity for artificial intelligence.
Digital Installation
Lowe's Fix in Six
Simple life hacks in 6 seconds.
Vine Campaign
HP: Make it Matter Rebrand
Giving focus to a disjointed brand.
Global Campaign
Drawing Machines
How can machines change the way we draw?
RISD BFA Thesis Project
Archived Work
The Science Behind an Answer
Lou Gehrig Sports Awards Films
IBM: Smarter Planet
The End of the Road


text:
Learn more about the five boroughs that make up New York City with our complete guide.
Discover what to do, where to stay and what to see in New York City with our planning tool.
NYC is the place for inquisitive minds looking for new things to see, hear, taste and learn.
Enjoy Shakespeare in the Park, Fourth of July fireworks, the US Open and more.
Download your free copy or order a guide online today.
Wireless Internet is available at locations throughout NYC—including many parks and libraries.
Get tips, maps and everything else you'll need during your stay.
These NYC-centric mobile apps put the City at your fingertips.
NYC Comedy Week – 2-for-1 Tickets to New York Comedy Shows
March 23–29, celebrate the show's final season with a two-course lunch or two cocktails for $19.69.
Stay in New York City and save with these offers.
New York City is made up of five boroughs: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. Each one has enough attractions—and enough personality—to be a city all its own. Learn more about them with this guide.
Local cool kids--and some refreshingly room-temperature types as well--crowd the scruffy basement (the "den" part) of a popular Chinese restaurant (the "bistro" part) all week long. Thursday through Saturday, entertainment might include an acoustic house band, spoken-word or party-jam DJs, and there's Sunday-night hip-hop karaoke. Exotic specialty drinks are well mixed (cocktails are half price on weekends from 2 to 4am), and Rheingolds are always $3. Don't miss the hangover-friendly dim sum brunch, served every Sunday in the main space upstairs.


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This fresh spring soup is rich and creamy without the heaviness of cream.
Small pumpkins or squash make great individual bowls for serving these easy soups.
Readers share their best ideas for saving money on meat and their recipes for almost meatless, flexi...
HOMEGROWN.org blogger and West Missouri farmer Bryce Oates shares his thoughtful position on vegetar...
Try this Garden Vegetable Soup Recipe for a nutritious, meatless meal made from fresh vegetables out of your own garden.
Here's a real good way to use up mushroom skins and ends. Mix them with chopped onion, celery pieces and leaves, sliced or diced carrots, and chopped parsley. Cover this salad with cold water and simmer for about 35 minutes. Strain the stock and season it with salt and pepper.
Read more about vegetarian soup meals: Meatless Soup Recipes.
MOTHER EARTH NEWS is the guide to living — as one reader stated — "with little money and abundant happiness." Every issue is an invaluable guide to leading a more sustainable life, covering ideas from fighting rising energy costs and protecting the environment to avoiding unnecessary spending on processed food. You'll find tips for slashing heating bills; growing fresh, natural produce at home; and more. MOTHER EARTH NEWS helps you cut costs without sacrificing modern luxuries.
At MOTHER EARTH NEWS, we are dedicated to conserving our planet's natural resources while helping you conserve your financial resources. That's why we want you to save money and trees by subscribing through our earth-friendly automatic renewal savings plan. By paying with a credit card, you save an additional $5 and get 6 issues of MOTHER EARTH NEWS for only $12.00 (USA only).
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IR detector not working on Philips Magnavox TS2779CI
maresydotesOctober 29, 2006
The remote control for our 27" Philips Magnavox TS2779CI is no longer working, though it lights up when we push the buttons. I suspect it may be the IR detector in the TV, since none of the remotes, including the universal, work any longer. I've tried cleaning the sensor windows on both the remote and the tv. What's the cheapest way to get that checked out?


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Welcome to Qasr Al-Farid: The Rock With A Door That Will Rock Your World
0218 Things That Will Give Anyone Who Did Duke Of Edinburgh A Serious Flashback
0316 Things That Will Give 90s Skater Kids A Serious Flashback
04This 10 Year Old Kid Just Nailed A Dub Cork 1080... On His Second Attempt
05The 10 Most Spectacular Road Trips on Earth
06Water Slides, Plane Wings and Danny MacAskill: This is Road Cycling Like Never Before...
0724 Reasons Why Snowboarding Was Better In The Early Noughties
08Could Scientists Be About to Build a Terminator? They're Closer Than You Think…
09Win a Holiday for 2 in Chamonix with Three #holidayspam
1017 Holiday Beer Photos That Every Skier Takes to Make Their Friends Jealous
Pete Kuhlmann
A Ski video by yournewbestfriend - 4,051 views
Pete Kuhlmann has been involved with the development of Wakeskiing from the beginning, testing our original prototypes and launching the Wakeski movement. Pete was the first guy I know of who was doing flips, spins, switch entries, etc on Wakeskis and we're ever grateful. With an extensive background in show skiing, he had all the skills to make Wakeskiing look great from the get go. As I've come to know him better though, I've got the sense that riding wakeskis is where his heart is. This past September at the Inaugural WakeSki Open I asked Pete what he thought afterwards and he simple said, It was the most fun he'd had on skis in a long time with a big smile.


text: POPSUGAR Celebrity Penélope Cruz Photos of Penelope Cruz by Celebrity 12/15/09 0 Shares Like us on Facebook Previous Photo 1 of 16 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next Share This Link Copy 1 Photos of Penelope Cruz Previous Photo 1 of 16 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next Read More Penélope Cruz Penélope Cruz Happy Birthday, Ralph Lauren! Here's to Your Most Iconic Ad Campaigns 28 Pictures That Prove Penélope Cruz Is the Sexiest Woman Alive Penélope Cruz Is the "Sexiest Woman Alive" 10 Reasons Why Penélope Cruz Is the Sexiest Woman Alive Get the scoop with our daily newsletter Enjoy the latest news on the celebs you love. Young Hollywood TV Movies A Listers Sign up with Link Love The Sopranos star shares a photo of her apartment in flames — Us Weekly Model Sami Miro talks about dating Zac Efron — ET This Glee star is reportedly being sued for sexual battery — Gossip Girl Violet Affleck supports her dad at a Senate hearing — HuffPost Celebrity Kim Kardashian's worst fear involves Amber Rose — OK! Jennifer Lopez is spotted back with ex Casper Smart — Lainey Gossip 27 times you wanted to be Karlie Kloss in real life — BuzzFeed The rite of passage Nick Jonas can't wait for this weekend — People Latest Celebrity


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GED 072 GED Preparation • V1-5 Cr.
Prepares individuals to take the GED exam through review of the five GED content areas (writing, mathematics, literature and the arts, social studies, and science) with particular emphasis on writing and math. This class is also appropriate for students interested in improving their basic skills before entering credit classes. Prerequisite: Placement by assessment.
After completing this class, students should be able to:
- Successfully complete all five parts of the official GED test.


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A Home Repair Is Homicide Mystery
Jacobia "Jake" Tiptree is deep in her latest home improvement project when she notices the man repeatedly biking past her house. His face is unsettlingly familiar, but his chilling message seems inexplicable: Blood shows up again. Murder will out. Back in her days as a hotshot financial manager she did business with plenty of shady characters, but she's still baffled as to the identity of her nemesis - until she receives a photo of a murdered man. Now Jake knows what she's up against. But knowing her enemy is no guarantee that she can escape the grim payoff he has in store for her.
Publisher: Ingram Pub Services 2012
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