text:
Improved polymer compositions, useful in the manufacture of closures and as liners for reclosable container closures, comprising blends of semicrystalline poly(1-butene), ethylene-methylene acrylate, polypropylene random copolymer, wherein the polypropylene random copolymer and the ethylene methyl acrylate can be used singularly or in combination, a lubricating agent and optionally, low density polyethylene. The inventive polymer compositions are recyclable, and do not present the environmental, health, and odor problems associated with polymer liners known in the art.
1. A closure liner comprising a blend consisting essentially of poly (1-butene), random polypropylene copolymer, ethylene methyl acrylate and an effective amount of lubricating agent;
wherein said poly (1-butene) is present in an amount of about 20-85% wt, said ethylene methyl acrylate is present in an amount of about 20-80% wt, said polypropylene is present in an amount of about 20-80% wt, and said lubricating agent is present in an amount of about 0.5-5% wt;
wherein said poly (1-butene) is semicrystalline having from about 35% to about 60% crystallinity, and wherein the crystallization temperature of said poly (1-butene) is from about 30� C. to about 90� C. as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter.
2. A liner as in claim 3 wherein said lubricating agent is a solid material.
3. A closure liner as in claim 1 wherein said polypropylene random copolymer is present in an amount of from about 20-50% wt, said poly (1-butene) is present in an amount of from about 30-70% wt, said ethylene methyl acrylate is present in an amount of from about 30-70% wt, and said lubricating agent is present in an amount of from 2-4% wt.
4. A closure liner as in claim 1 wherein said lubricating agent is an organic material selected form the group consisting of silicones, fatty amides, and metal salts of fatty acids.
5. A liner as in claim 4 wherein said lubricating agent is oleamide.
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/080,338, filed Jun. 21, 1993 now abandoned.
This invention relates to a novel blend of polyolefinic polymers. More particularly, the invention relates to such a blend which is useful in the manufacture of composite closures and as the liner for reclosable container closures.
Plastic closures and liners, and methods of producing these closures and liners are known in the art. These liners are typically used as liners for the closure of a reclosable glass or plastic container, especially glass or plastic bottles. The liners provide sealability and sealing integrity under top loading conditions, and easy reclosability. Sealing integrity can be defined as the force required to effectively seal a container while maintaining its internal pressure. Generally, a minimal amount of force is preferred. A satisfactory liner composition for both glass and plastic containers is characterized by the ability to be consistently formulated, and processed, e.g. by compression molding, using conventional apparatus and methods.
Closures are generally required to have a minimal threshold removal torques, carbonation retention, carbonation retention under top load and satisfactory functioning on a container when cycled through environmental changes of temperature and humidity.
Most closures and closure liners in commerce are produced singularly or in combination from a plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, EVA copolymer and an oil-extended thermoplastic elastomer.
Blends that have the following properties are suitable to be used as linear material and for the manufacture of closures:
______________________________________Compression Set: <70%Hardness, Shore A: <85Tensile Yield Strength: 1,000 to 2,000 psi______________________________________
These polymer materials and the closures and liners made from the previously enumerated polymers have the following non-exclusive problems or drawbacks.
Polyethylene is not soft and elastic enough to sustain the internal pressure that is generated inside the bottle or container by the carbonated beverage, and it also does not have enough creep resistance to provide reclosability to the closure.
Liners or closures made from rubber or elastomeric blends contain a significant portion of a low molecular weight mineral oil. The oil in the liner formulation can be extracted by the contained beverage, and introduce foreign material into the beverage, and consequently impair the odor and taste of the beverage.
It is known in the art that plasticized PVC has high removal torque which causes inconvenience to users, especially elderly users and children. It is known that it is not-recyclable with other polyolefins such as polypropylene.
Liners or closures made from EVA copolymer when subjected to elevated temperature during the extrusion and/or compression stage, tends to decompose and give off acetic acid which causes organoleptic problems in food packaging. Even after the parts made with EVA are cooled and solidified, it impairs the taste and odor of the food or beverage that comes in contact with the plastic surface.
It is an unsolved problem of the art to provide polymer materials useful in the manufacture of closures, and as closure liners that do not have the drawbacks associated with liners known in the art.
The present invention provides novel blends of certain polyolefinic polymers useful in certain packaging applications. More particularly, the invention provides blends of poly(1-butene) homopolymers, copolymers and mixtures thereof, polypropylene random copolymers, ethylene methyl acrylate, wherein the polypropylene random copolymers and ethylene methyl acrylate can be present singularly or in combination, an effective amount of a lubricating agent, and optionally low density polyethylene. These blends find specific utility as the liners for reclosable container closures and do not have the problems or drawbacks associated with liners known in the art. The invention further provides improved closure liners and improved closures incorporating the liners.
Generally speaking, the closures and closure liners of this invention comprises a polymer blend of poly(1-butene) including its homopolymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, polypropylene random copolymer, ethylene methyl acrylate, an effective amount of a lubricating agent, preferably a solid lubricating agent and optionally low density polyethylene (LDPE). These blend components are present in predetermined amounts which contribute towards the improved properties of the closure, and of the closure liner.
The poly(1-butene) component of the blends of the invention is a semicrystalline 1-butene polymer. This polymer is suitably a homopolymer containing substantially only 1-butene moieties or is a copolymer having a major proportion of units derived from 1-butene and a minor proportion of units derived from a second α-olefin of up to 14 carbon atoms inclusive, e.g., ethylene, propylene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene or 1-tetradecene, or mixtures thereof. The poly(1-butene) blend component usefully contains up to about 30 mole % of such second α-olefins. When the poly(1-butene) is copolymeric, proportions of the second α-olefin range from about 0.1 mole % to about 20 mole percent.
The degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline poly(1-butene) as measured by an X-ray diffraction method is from about 10% to about 60%, but preferably is from about 35% to about 60%. The crystallization temperature of the poly(1-butene) as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter is typically from about 30� C. to about 90� C. and the limiting viscosity number of the polymer, as determined by a conventional capillary viscosity measuring device in decalin at 135� C., is from about 0.8 dl/g to about 8 dl/g, more often from about 1 dl/g to about 6 dl/g. Such poly(1-butene) polymers, both homopolymeric and copolymeric are commercially available, and can be obtained from Shell Chemical Company, Houston, Tex.
The polymeric blends of the invention will typically contain a substantial proportion of the poly(1-butene) polymer. Amounts of poly(1-butene) from about 20% by weight to about 85% by weight based on total blend, as satisfactory. Amounts of poly(1-butene) from about 30% by weight to about 70% by weight on the same basis are preferred.
Polypropylene random copolymers which are useful in the practice of this invention are a type of polypropylene in which the basic structure of the polymer chain has been changed by the incorporation of a different monomer molecule. Ethylene is the most common comonomer used. This causes changes to the physical properties of polypropylene. In comparison with polypropylene homopolymer, random copolymers features improved optical properties, improved impact resistance, increased flexibility, and a decreased melting point.
Ethylene/propylene random copolymer differs from homopolymer because the ethylene molecules randomly inserted into the backbone hinder the crystal-type arrangement of the polymer molecules. This reduction in copolymer crystallinity is responsible for the modification of the above-mentioned physical properties.
Ethylene/propylene random copolymers are produced by the simultaneous polymerization of propylene and ethylene in the same reactors used to produce homopolymer polypropylene.
Ethylene-methylene acrylate copolymer which is useful in the practice of this invention is one of the most thermally stable of all the high-pressure α-olefin copolymers. Unlike EVA copolymer, it is thermally stable and can be processed at extrusion temperature at 600� F.
The polymer is produced in a conventional high-pressure, autoclave reactor where methyl acrylate monomer is injected into the reactor with the ethylene gas to produce a random copolymer.
The most notable property changes offered by the copolymer, as compared to a LDPE homopolymer, are the depression of the soften temperature and a reduction of flexural modulus.
Low density polyethylene which is useful in the practice of this invention is a thermoplastic obtained through the high-pressure free radical polymerization of ethylene. Conventional LDPE is manufactured by one of two processes, tubular or autoclave. In both processes, high purity ethylene is introduced into the reactor at high pressures and temperatures with an initiator. The initiator may be either oxygen or an organic peroxide.
Unlike the linear structure obtained in other polyethylene processes, the LDPE, with density normally less than 0.94 gm/cc, has a branched structure resulting from the high pressure process. The branching gives conventional LDPE its distinctive properties of clarity, flexibility, and ease of processability.
Any LDPE that has a density of 0.93 gm/cc or less, and melt index of 2 to 15 can be used in the formulation. A typical example of LDPE used in the formulations is Chevron Poly-eth 1019, which has 14.5 MI and 0.92 in density.
The blends of the invention suitably but optionally contain a variety of conventional additives to improve or otherwise modify the properties of the blend. Such additives include stabilizers, antioxidants, processing aids, and pigments. One type of additive found particularly useful on some occasions in the blends is a lubricating agent. Such additives are better known by a variety of more common names such as slip agent or mold release agent which seem to depend upon the particular property modification contemplated for the additive. Illustrative lubricating agent, preferably a solid lubricating agent include organic materials such as silicones, particularly dimethylsiloxane polymers, fatty acid amides such as ethylene bis(stearamide), oleamides and erucamide; and metal salts of fatty acids such as zinc, calcium, or lead stearates. Also suitable are inorganic materials such as talc, mica, fumed silica and calcium silicate. In blends to be used for the purposes of the invention are organic slip agents and particularly preferred are the fatty acid amides, oleamides, and erucamide.
As stated, the use of a solid lubricating agent is preferred and quantities of lubricating agent of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight based on total blend are satisfactory. In a preferred formulation, the solid lubricating agent is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 4% wt.
The method of producing the polymer blends is not critical and conventional methods of producing blends of two or more polymeric materials are suitable. In one formulation the poly(1-butene), random polypropylene copolymer and, solid lubricating agent are blended in a mixing device operating under conditions of high shear. In a second and generally preferred formulation, the blend components comprising poly(1-butene), random polypropylene copolymer, ethylene methyl acrylate and low density polyethylene are passed through an extruder and the blend is produced as the extrudate.
The blends of the invention are useful in a number of the conventional uses of blends of thermoplastic polymers. A particular use for the blends, however, is as liners for reclosable container closures. A container of the type which would employ a liner composed of the blends of the invention could be of a variety of sizes or shapes including those containers typically referred to as bottles or jars. A closure for such container generally comprises a circular base wall and a peripheral skirt extending downwardly from the wall which contains some means, e.g., threads, designed to engage some portion, e.g., complimentary threads, of the container at one or more points in close proximity to the container opening. With reference to the preferred type of container, i.e. bottles, such closures are commonly referred to as "bottle caps." The closure is generally made from a material which is substantially rigid but has some degree of deformability. The liners of the invention are particularly useful when employed in conjunction with a closure made of thermoplastic polymer. Closures made of metal are satisfactory but preferred are closures made from polypropylene and polyethylene. The closure must meet certain requirements such as having a minimal threshold removal torque, retention of carbonation if present in the contents of the container and retain such properties during changes in temperature and humidity. These requirements are most often met by the inclusion of a liner at the lower surface of the base wall so that the liner will be imposed upon the top of the container as the closure is tightened. Use of the blends of the invention as liner material enables the closure to meet these and other requirements.
The liner is provided to the container by a variety of conventional methods. In one embodiment, a film of a blend of the invention of suitable thickeners is produced as by extrusion and circular disks of appropriate diameter are cut from the film and provided individually to pre-formed closures also made by conventional procedures such as injection molding. The disks should be of such diameter as will snugly fit inside the skirt of the closure when placed against the internal surface of the base wall. The disks are fixed to the closure by well known methods such as through use of an adhesive or by application of heat. In a second and generally preferred embodiment, the liner is extruded, cut and pressure molded inside the closure.
Closures made with liners of the blends of the invention demonstrate the requisite properties of an acceptable reclosable container closure. They are easily removed from the container with satisfactory removal torque and can be removed and reclosed throughout the life of the contents of the container. The liners provide gas-tight packaging integrity and temperature stability during shipping and storage, as well as carbonation retention even under the top load when the contents of the container is carbonated, e.g. a carbonated beverage. Moreover, the components of the liner do not pose health or environmental problems and are not extractable during use by food or drink liquids.
The invention is further described by the following non-limiting examples and data table.
To produce blends of the invention, ethylenepolypropylene copolymers produced by Shell Chemical Company and three poly(1-butene) polymers, also produced by Shell Chemical Company, were employed. Optionally, low density PE was used in some blends. As a lubricating agent, oleamide (Kemamide U) was used. The blend components were tumbled and then compounded during passage through a 1.25 in. Brabender Extruder with a Maddox mixing screw. The screw was run at maximum RPM and the temperature profile was from 193� C. to 216� C. The extruded strands were pelletized. From these pellets, films of the blends are produced by extrusion and from these films are cut disks for evaluation as closure liners. In a preferred procedure, the pellets are extruded into film, disks are cut and compression molded into closures for polyethylene terephthalate bottles for carbonated beverages. The composition of the blends evaluated is shown in the Table.
TABLE______________________________________(In wt %)SlipSam- A-ple gent PB0300 PB0400 PB8340 PP6C44 EMA LDPE______________________________________1 4.0 32.0 32.0 32.02 4.0 32.0 32.0 32.03 4.0 46.0 25.0 25.04 4.0 36.0 36.0 24.05 4.0 25.0 25.0 46.06 4.0 32.0 32.0 32.07 4.0 46.0 25.0 25.08 4.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0______________________________________ PBO300 is a polybutylene homopolymer available from Shell Chemical Company. PBO400 is a polybutylene homopolymer available from Shell Chemical Company. PB8340 is a polybutylene copolymer available from Shell Chemical Company. PP6C44 is a polypropylene random copolymer available from Shell Chemical Company. It has a 5.5 wt % ethylene content, tensile yield strength of 3,200 psi and a flexural modulus of 85,000 psi. EMA is Exxon OTEMA TC220 copolymer which has 34 wt % methyl acrylate and melt index (0.5). LDPE is Chevron polyeth 1019 which has a melt index (14.5) and a density of 0.92 g/l. Slip Agent used is Kemamide U.
When the blends of illustrative Embodiment I were used as liners for polypropylene closures for bottles containing carbonated beverages, the line closures exhibited good temperature stability, sealability, sealing integrity under top load and easy reclosability.
While this invention has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration, it is not to be construed as limited thereby but is intended to cover all changes and modifications within the spirit and scope thereof.
Patent Citations
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Lady Gaga Fans at US Airways Center
By Melissa Fossum
The Evolution of the Metal Stage Show and the End of...
By Lauren Wise
By New Times
The Story of Kalliope, Phoenix's Extraordinary Party Car
By Amanda Savage
By Jason P. Woodbury
How a Single Tweet Launched A Cloud for Climbing
By Troy Farah
By New Times
Rock 'N' Roll Singer, with its inclusion of three AC/DC songs, calls to mind the Red House Painters' 1994 EP Shock Me, built around a reworking of the Ace Frehley song. However, Kozelek provides a much more radical reading of "Rock 'N' Roll Singer" than Shock Me did of its title cut by slowing the pace to a crawl and rolling out the testosterone-drenched lyrics in a quiet, understated and almost menacing rumble. The result turns Bon Scott's ego-heavy ode to hard-rock stardom into a low meditation on the modest fame that has rightly come to Kozelek for being one of the more interesting songwriters of the 1990s, as well as a dour comment on his protracted and semi-public battle with 4AD over his output with the Red House Painters. When he lets out with a breathy "By the time I was half alive/I knew what I was gonna be," you get the feeling that Kozelek's half alive even as he sings the words; he's earned the right to claim the title.
The other covers -- "You Ain't Got a Hold on Me," "Bad Boy Boogie" and John Denver's "Around and Around" -- are just as interesting, but it's the three evenly spaced original tracks that are the best argument for why Kozelek ought to be a lot more widely appreciated than he is.
"Find Me, Ruben Olivares," the opener, could have fit easily on any Nick Drake album, while "Metropol 47," deceptively melodic and upbeat, is a moving sketch of solitude and the brief connection between two people wandering in unfamiliar territory.
The EP's standout track, however, is the closing number, "Ruth Marie," a haunting first-person account of a woman aging alone in a nursing home, speaking her summing-up words to her daughters. A lovely song performed utterly without a trace of sentiment or condescension, it's worth the price of the EP by itself; and it ought to encourage those who haven't heard Kozelek to check out his work with the RHP, something much in need of reappraisal.
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subset: commoncrawl


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I often find myself wanting to use a 3rd party python module in my own project, but I know that I will also need to make changes to the 3rd party module that I want to push upstream. What is the best practice of file layout/installation to achieve this?
Most python modules are laid out with root dir containing a "setup.py" to compile/install the module. The problem is, every time I make changes to the module source I need to re-run the full install step in order to use those changes in my project. For large modules, like scipy this can take some time.
Alternatively, I can hack on the installed version of the python module, but then I have to manually move those changes back to the source version of the module in order to generate patches etc.
I know about virtualenv and PYTHONPATH but they are ways of installing a module to a different location.
So far, I have manually created symlinks, but that is messy.


text:
That's funny! The two guys who don't have a single hair on their sackage between them only focus on Capes beard. Its not that strange boys, lots of guys have body hair once they hit puberty. Maybe neither one of you two but that doesn't really surprise any of us.
A Massholes Christmas Carol:
Dark, creamy Milk Stouts,
And hoppy Pale Ales.
Sweet, malty Marzens,
And smokey Rauchbiers.
But Yeager drinks Blueberry beer
Every day of the year.
I'm done for the day. Not a bad few days work considering I'm old, fat and did it all by myself.
Meh... I've seen better
Why are you yelling at me ?


text:
Crown Will set up an electronic components quality inspection departments with international leading-edge technology. All staff are experienced industry engineers, familiar with all manufacturers packaging style and device datasheet, good at verify the reliability of components, the authenticity of testing, military destructive physical analysis, aging test and so on. Effective maintenance of the highest quality benefit plans, thereby reducing the company and customers' economic losses!
Work Time:(China Standard Time)
Mon. - Sat.: 9:00AM TO 23:30 PM
Connected Hot Line:
86-754-8447 8006
RFQ Serivces Email:


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Restaurant Manager / Kitchen Manager
Yum & Chill Restaurant Group is planning on opening new State-of-the-Art Golden Corral Restaurant in New Jersey market and is now hiring General Manager:
Job Responsibilities: In this role as Kitchen Manager, you are responsible for food production and operating the Back ...
Mar 27 -
Seeking Talented Restaurant Manager
A fantastic restaurant group with an established concept located in Clifton, NJ is looking for a Restaurant Manager. Boasting a delicious menu, the restaurant can be described as energetic, upbeat and fun. As a member of this prestigious hospitality management team the ...
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Quick Service Restaurant Manager
We are seeking a strong QUICK SERVICE RESTAURANT MANAGER for a Quick Service Brand that has a terrific strong Management Company behind it. This is a growing brand that highly promotes within. If you want to work for a brand that is continually expanding, this opportunity ...
Mar 24 -
North Bergen
Restaurant Managers
NJ Major Restaurant/Hospitality Company located in Elizabeth, New Jersey is currently seeking several individuals for Restaurant Management positions at various locations.
These Restaurants consist of Quick Serve, Full Serve and Fine Dining establishments located in ...
Mar 20 -
Restaurant Manager
Seeking restaurant leaders with a sharp focus on hospitality, food, people and a desire to advance with a national restaurant chain. We will provide you with the resources, and the environment necessary to reach your full potential including a comprehensive restaurant ...
Mar 16 -
General Manager and Restaurant Manager - Sports Themed Concept
Popular and Successful Sports Themed Grill and Bar Restaurant Company is Looking for General Managers and Restaurant Managers who want to join a Great Concept and Grow their Career! Successful Candidates will have 2+ years of Management Experience in Full Service Casual ...
Mar 15 -
Restaurant / Hospitality / Customer Service -Entry Level to Management
Next Level Associates is expanding! We are seeking a new team member for our New Jersey office!
If you have a background in the hospitality, restaurant, or retail industries, we want to hear from you! As a growing firm, we are looking for those people with SUPERB people ...
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Popular and Successful Sports Themed Grill and Bar Restaurant Company is Looking for Restaurant Professionals who want to join a Great Concept and Grow their Career! Successful Candidates will have 2+ years of Management Experience in Full Service Casual Restaurants or ...
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The Restaurant Manager is responsible for the operation of their restaurant under the direction of the General Manager to ensure that the restaurant meets operating and financial goals. Key areas include working to achieve highest level of team performance with respect to ...
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North Bergen
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North Bergen
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Restaurant Manager - Upscale Casual Restuarant
Restaurant Manager needed in Hoboken, NJ for a high volume upscale casual dining restaurant.
2+ years management experience in a high volume corporate casual or upscale restaurant setting with a chain restaurant
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"Navy Stars Square Table Cloth 114 X 114 Cm"
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Who Knew Kidney Failure Would Wreck Your Voice - Narrator needed!
Closed - This job posting has been filled and work has been completed.
Job Description
When I was going through my third near-death experience over the summer, the last thing on my mind was that my voice might be ruined for good…
Anyway, it comes and goes - which isn't a good thing when you need 10 or 15 minutes of consistent, solid voiceover.
I'm looking for either a 37-ish (or over) male voice, or a husky female voice for a narrated powerpoint presentation.
You'll need to be familiar with screen recording and Powerpoint transitions as well as have a good feel for injecting emotion.
As I've done them, the videos have turned out to be 12-15 minutes - you'll need to be at that speed or faster.
USA accent, mid-west or light southern. Sorry my non-USA friends but we're not testing accents quite yet.
You'll need to have at least three recordings I can listen to to be considered.


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They have good bands that play good music and also the Dj play a different variety of music. Good customer service and safety.Like this review?Yes|Flag Abuse
Corona Bar & Night Club
3787 E Lake Mead Blvd,
Las Vegas, NV 89115
(702) 531-3409
Business Details
- Hours:
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Primary Phone: (702) 531-3737
Phone: (702) 531-3737
- Neighborhood:
- Sunrise Manor
- Categories:
- Night Clubs, Bars
They have good bands that play...


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from £50 /night help
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Contact the advertiser to confirm the total cost.
Availability Your dates are available
Apartment | 2 bedrooms | sleeps 6
|Key Info
This luxury, modern newly completed 2 bedroom apartment, in highly sought after location accommodates up to 5 people. Located on the 1st floor and serviced by either stairs or lift, the apartment is airconditioned throughout with 2 fully tiled bathrooms and sunny balcony overlooking pools and conservation area (not overlooked by any other apartment). An ideal location for relaxing with a glass of wine in the evening. Stylish kitchen fitted with modern quality Siemens appliances.
Near to Balaia and Pine Cliffs Golf Courses, 10 mins drive to Albufeira marina where you can enjoy boat trips and watersports. Zoomarine and other waterparks are all within close proximity. 15 mins walk to safe sandy beaches, 5 min walk to the 'strip', which is lined with shops, restaurants and bars.
|Sleeps up to 6, 2 bedrooms
|Nearest beach
|St Eulalia 1 km
|Will consider
|Long term lets (over 1 month)
|Car not necessary, Wheelchair users
|Nearest Amenities
|1 km
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Faro International Airport 25 km, Nearest railway: Albufeira - Ferreiras 5 km
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages, Suitable for people with restricted mobility
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
Features and Facilities
|DVD player, Sea view
|Shared outdoor pool (unheated), Children's pool
|Air conditioning, TV, CD player, Safe
|Kettle, Toaster, Iron, Hair dryer
|Clothes dryer, Dishwasher, Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|2 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms and 1 En suites
|1 Sofa beds, Double beds (1), Single beds (2), Dining seats for 6, Lounge seats for 6
|Linen provided, Towels provided
|Shared outdoor pool (unheated), Balcony or terrace, Shared garden
|Parking, Wheelchair users, Lift access
|Further details indoors
*The apartment is large and spacious and bathed in sunlight.
*It has comfortable Brazilian hardwood floors throughout
*Bedrooms are fitted with spacious wardrobes and drawers
*Apartment has a powerful central vacs system
*Dining seating for 6 people
*All patio doors and windows are fitted with electrically operated shutters
*Supplied with sofabed providing extra sleeping for families
*All bed linen and bath towels are provided, but please bring your own beach towels
|Further details outdoors
*Lots of space to relax beside the 2 pools which are situated in well tended landscaped gardens.
*Sun loungers and parasols are provided.
*Crazy golf within the complex
*Snack bar providing hot and cold drinks and light meals throughout the day
*Allocated parking in basement carpark
*Parking space at door to apartment
*English papers and freshly baked rolls available from shop opposite main entrance
*Guests at the apartment can use facilities at the Hotel Bella Vista - gym, sauna, jacuzzi, squash, indoor heated swimming pool, beauty treatments.
|Further details
On arrival at the apartment our local agents will be available to show you around and help you with places of interest, nearest beaches and shopping outlets etc.
They are available in case of emergencies
About this location
The Algarve region
The Algarve coast faces south allowing full exposure to the sun from sunrise to sunset perfect for the early morning tan, late afternoon top-up or all-day burn. The sea here is the warmest in Portugal with an average temperature of 23°c in the summer and 17°c in the winter – that's why its here that the traditional New Years Day swim is palatable. The air temperatures range from 15°c in winter to 30°c in the summer although you will find the sea breeze makes you feel fresh and puts a spring in your step.
Albufeira, Portugal's most popular holiday town has been described as the tourist capital of the Algarve, spreading from the old town both east and west alonf the coast, its sandy coves and golden beaches drawing from families with young children to retired couples. Everyone finds something to enjoy in this holiday Mecca, which retains its old world charm. The famous Strip runs from Montechoro Hotel down to the Praia da Oura beach, lined with dozens of cafes, restaurants and bars. In contrast the Old Town of Albufeira has a special charm all of its own, with its cobbled side streets, its main square comes alive at night with the throng of people, music, lights, sounds and aromas.
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Joao C.
- 4 Years listed
50% Response rate
Calendar last updated:11 Mar 2015
Based in Switzerland
- English
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Mortal Kombat X is just a few weeks away and character reveals, new trailers, and more have been coming left and right – it sounds like now is ...Read More
As any players of Blizzard's charming online card game know, Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft is an incredibly hard addiction to break – luckily, more online card battles will ...Read More
After several weeks of revealing new characters including Friday the 13th's Jason Voorhees and the infamous Predator, a new trailer has confirmed yet another returning veteran that ...Read More
As Game of Thrones and the A Song of Ice and Fire series have been so well known for, alliances and loyalties are merely pieces in the series' ever-changing chessboard. ...Read More
There's no doubt that Mevius Final Fantasy looks really good for a mobile game, and Square Enix released a few new screenshots and pieces of artwork via the latest issue of Weekly Famitsu. ...Read More
Early last year, fans of the adventure game genre were able to hop into a brand new tale spun by the masters of quirky, emotional storytelling with Double ...Read More
Telltale Games kicked off their adaptation of Game of Thrones late last year by introducing players to the troubled House Forrester, and now their distinct journeys continue with the release of Episode 3 this week. ...Read More
This March has been a big month for Borderlands fans — plenty of new content both expected and unexpected has been announced for several titles in the series, ...Read More
Those that play the game of thrones win or they die, and in Telltale Games' rendition of George R.R. Martin's world that still the case and in a ...Read More
Last year, Telltale Games concluded its well-regarded The Walking Dead: Season Two on a notable cliffhanger leaving many eagerly-anticipating when to expect the third entry in the series ...Read More
NetherRealm Studios' latest sequel in the world of Mortal Kombat is set to bring back plenty of familiar faces alongside a host of new ones, though none may ...Read More
Aniplex Mobile's free-to-play puzzle RPG Kaden Shoujo game gets its very first trailer and it's pretty cringe worthy. The two minute trailer showcases the characters along with their ...Read More
The Driver series has been around since the days of the PS1 and traditionally each game has been focused around the driving of cars, usually on roads, sometimes on pavements, depends on how you feel really. ...Read More
Square Enix announced today that the old and glorious MMORPG Final Fantasy XI is heading towards its final expansion (even if service will continue on PC), and a mobile release in collaboration with Nexon. ...Read More
When I heard that Square Enix CEO Yosuke Matsuda would be giving a presentation abut Final Fantay XI in the luxurious Yebisu Garden Place venue in Ebisu, Tokyo, I knew this couldn't be something small. ...Read More
Since its debut at the end of last year, Telltale Games' rendition of the massively popular Game of Thrones has brought us all over the land of Westeros ...Read More
As the number one title on Steam, Dota 2 has with it a massive online community and immense eSports following – thus, it makes perfect sense for Coffee ...Read More
Nintendo announced today a business and capital alliance with the mobile giant DeNA, and the two partners are holding a press conference in Tokyo with CEOs ...Read More
DeNA announced with a press release that the Japanese mobile giant and Nintendo entered a business and capital alliance to "develop and operate new game apps for smart ...Read More
Even if you've never watched Game of Thrones on the tellybox, you're probably more than aware of the sexual activities that surround the show. (Seriously, it's like one ...Read More
In an announcement that couldn't have come on a more appropriate day, today is Friday, March 13th – and that means Friday the 13th's Jason Voorhees is coming to town: more specifically, Mortal Kombat X. ...Read More
Though the memories of 2014 are long behind many gamers at this point, many outlets and organizations are still taking the early months of the year to recognize ...Read More
This past weekend fans of Blizzard got their first taste of the studio's upcoming new IP Overwatch at PAX East 2015, but for those looking toward a convention ...Read More
With the latest entry of the long-running violent fighting franchise set to release this spring, Mortal Kombat X is set to bring back plenty of faces both new ...Read More
The PlayStation Mobile service hasn't exactly been lively lately, and Sony has finally decided to fully pull the plug later this year. ...Read More
It's been a good time to be a fan of Borderlands this month, with the upcoming HD re-release The Handsome Collection coming in a few weeks, new DLC ...Read More
With plenty of new releases and upcoming titles being demoed at this weekend's PAX East 2015, Blizzard took the opportunity to reveal a new piece of content coming ...Read More
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The 15th Game Developers Choice Awards and Independent Games Festival Awards have just been held at GDC 2015 in San Francisco. After two hours of really atrocious jokes ...Read More
Kaden Shoujo is a free to play puzzle RPG game that is being developed by Aniplex Mobile for Android and iOS devices. The story takes place in the ...Read More


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Andrew Marcus
Sports reporter
Phone: 215-361-8823
Recent articles
Boys Volleyball
Christopher Dock denied by Avon Grove
TOWAMENCIN — After hearing the string of underclassmen get announced for the Christopher Dock boys volleyball team, the game plan was simple for Avon Grove Thursday night — test the untested.
Boys Volleyball
Pennridge sweeps CB South
WARRINGTON — After the first game between the Pennridge and Central Bucks South boys volleyball teams, the teams switched sides and the starters took a seat for the Rams for the rest of Wednesday's Suburban One League Continental Conference match. The Rams had to borrow a few seats from other side if they did not want to stand.
Girls Basketball
CB West beats Palmyra, advances to PIAA AAAA final
READING — The Central Bucks West girls basketball team is dangerous. If senior Mackenzie Carroll is cyanide, then senior Nicole Munger is arsenic. One is a poisonous gas and the other will kill you in liquid form. You cannot pick one poison over another because the result will be the same. It will be the end of the road.
Girls Basketball
CB West cruises past Carroll, advances to state semis
WHITEMARSH — The Central Bucks West girls basketball team knew it needed to do its homework if the Bucks id not want to go home Friday night.
BASKETBALL: Abington girls, PW boys aim to reach PIAA semifinals
Every team is elite. Every team is dangerous. However coming off a loss in District One championship game is fueling Plymouth Whitemarsh boys and the Abington girls. The two teams are not ready to go home without something more than a conference championship to commemorate their special years.
Boys Basketball
Pennrdge edged by PW in PIAA AAAA 2nd round
ROYERSFORD — Through two quarters, there was very little separation between the Pennridge and Plymouth Whitemarsh boys basketball teams in their PIAA second round game. But with a cross-over dribble and quick step-back, the Colonials created the necessary space to extend their season into the AAAA quarterfinals.
WRESTLING: Parker, Gentile, and Outlaw clinch medals, Barth and others fall short
HERSHEY >> It was an emotional day for all the local wrestlers involved in the PIAA Class AAA Tournament. Friday saw seasons end for Pennridge freshman Micah Visuwan, Methacton sophomore Bryce Reddington, and Pennridge junior Kordell Rush. But for seniors Ezra Outlaw and Riley Barth, emotions were at an entire different level.
WRESTLING: 10 Reporter-area wrestlers make debuts at PIAA Class AAA Championships
The Reporter Area has 10 first-time qualifiers for the PIAA Class AAA Wrestling Championships this season. Entering this year, a pair Pennridge freshman had to earn their spot on a talented varsity roster. And a pair of North Penn wrestlers were looking to put last seasons struggles behind them. Read full story in GAMETIME
High school wrestling
Pennridge sends 6 to states
EAST NOTTINGHAM — Riley Barth was so close last season, but unable to qualify or the PIAA championships. A 3-2 loss in the third place match to Owen J. Roberts' Dominick Petrucelli propelled and motivated the 145-pound Buck to an undefeated recorded entering this Saturday and the championship match in the Southeast AAA Regional tournament.
Knights' buzzer-beater ends Dock's season in District 1-A semifinals
WHITEMARSH >> The leads flipped as easily as the chants from both teams in the District One Class A semifinal Wednesday night. When third-seeded Delco Christian captured the lead, the "D.C." chant rung loud. When seventh-seeded Christopher Dock group grabbed the advantage, "C.D." echoed through the Plymouth-Whitemarsh gymnasium. Read full...


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HHM Hotels Go Blue to Support Autism-Awareness Campaign
Friday April 4th, 2014 - 11:58AM
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PHILADELPHIA—HHM hotels across the country adjusted their exterior lights to a bright blue color to help kick off Autism Speaks' "Light it Up Blue Campaign" for autism awareness in April.
At dusk, nearly 115 HHM hotels from New York City to Los Angeles accompanied iconic buildings worldwide such as the Empire State Building, the Sydney Opera House and the Comcast Center to to illuminate their properties.
"In the true spirit of [HHM's] EarthView, giving back is a big part of who we are at HHM and as hospitality professionals," stated HHM VP/Operations Joe Delguidice. "By participating together in this campaign, our hotels become part of something bigger than each of us individually. We can really make a difference in the efforts to raise awareness about autism and its growing prevalence in the U.S."
For example, the Hampton Inn Washington Downtown/Convention Center D.C. displayed blue lights while guest service agents at the Residence Inn Miami/Coconut Grove spoke to guests about Autism Speaks, and placed candles in blue mason jars throughout the lobby. Associates at the New York City TRIO hotels of Hampton Inn Manhattan/Times Square South, Candlewood Suites New York City/Times Square and Holiday Inn Express New York City/Times Square united by wearing blue as they informed guests about Autism Speaks and the Light it up Blue campaign. Country Inn & Suites in Humble, TX, welcomed guests with a blue entrance.
HHM provides turnkey hotel management, asset management and receivership for properties with brand affiliations through Marriott International, Hilton Worldwide, Hyatt Hotels, Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and IHG. HHM also operates 28 independent hotels ranging from The Rittenhouse Hotel, a AAA Five Diamond property in Philadelphia, to the Larkspur Landing hotels, all-suites, extended-stay properties in Northern California and the Pacific Northwest.
Tags: HHM • Autism Speaks • Light It Up Blue • Hospitality • Guest Facing • Management Companies •
Technology used to be considered impersonal. You know, the idea of the "robotic mind," no human interaction. But, the reality is technology is actually very personal and becoming more so by the day. Devices are so in sync with their users, they've become the personal secretaries to the masses. This is even more true when talking connected wearables.
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Wyndham to Deliver Personalized, Pre-arrival Upgrade Offers to Guests Globally
Lodging Conference Cofounder Morris Lasky Passes Away
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Any luxury automaker worth its burlwood has to have a performance division. BMW has M. Mercedes-Benz has AMG. Audi's Quattro GmbH churns out S and RS models. Lexus has the letter F. Cadillac has V. And Infiniti has IPL.
- Photos
- Aug 8, 2013
2013 Infiniti IPL G Convertible: LA 2011


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Colors are wonderful. I'm using the rug inside and it works wonderfully in my space. The best thing of all: NO SHEDDING. My last area rug was beautiful, but the wool fibers continued to shed after a full year of use. It was almost like having an animal in the house because I was constantly vacuuming, dusting and sweeping the surrounding hardwoods. Good-bye to all of that! Colors are very close to the picture on the website, the pattern is large and not overly feminine and the weave is very textural and feels nice under foot. Shipping was quick.
This rug was delivered quickly and is great. The colors are close to the picture and the size is perfect. The texture and thickness are great for the deck and it feels wonderful under your feet. The looped fiber is quite nice and should wear well. I haven't had to wash it with a hose yet but it seems to stay fairly clean. I only wish there were some smaller rugs of the same pattern to complement the larger rug. Love it!
Overstock's price for this rug was 50% less than prices advertised on sites that specialize in rugs. I got 2 for their price of one. The rugs look great in my outdoor patio, and have already proven to be easy to clean.
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Sanborn — It's fall and many buyers are just getting started
There were 1,283 residential homes on the market as of 9/1/14 in the twelve Lakes Region communities covered by this report. The average asking price was $587,950 with a median price point of $269,900. Last September 1, there were 1249 homes on the market with an average asking price of $498,590 and the median was $259,800. The current inventory level represents a 15.5 month supply of homes on the market.
Well, Labor Day has come and gone. It really feels different now. Downtown Meredith has gotten back to normal. You can actually drive down Route 3 or Route 25 into town without cursing the stop and go traffic (at least until the foliage season.) You could kind of hear the door slam behind the summer folks. The sudden decrease in cars mucking up the byways seems to create a vacuum and it always makes me feel like it's the end of the sales season... but it's not. There may be fewer people around this the time of year, but this is when many serious buyers are just getting started.
The following chart shows that in Belknap County over the past three years, the third quarter has the most closings. There is no doubt that some of these properties went pending in the beginning of the summer, which is what you would expect. However, the fourth quarter of the year has the second highest number of sales. September and October are always pretty strong sales months and then things slow down in the middle of November and through the holidays as people focus on more important and festive activities.
Sellers always ask when the best time is to sell their home. The answer is anytime as long as the property is priced right. Your home has to be on the market in order to sell it. There were 419 homes sold over the past three years in the first quarter of the year, many of which went pending during the holiday season. Who knows for sure, but some of these homes might not have been seen or sold at all if they weren't available when that particular buyer was looking.
So just because the throngs of flatlanders are gone right now, they could be sitting down there in flatland thinking that they'll come back up when it's quiet, sneak up on you, and buy your house. At least that what's we are hoping...
Please feel free to visit www.lakesregionhome.com to learn more about the Lakes Region real estate market and comment on this article and others. Data was compiled using the Northern New England Real Estate MLS System as of 9/2/14. Roy Sanborn is a realtor at Four Seasons Sotheby's International Realty and can be reached at 603-677-7012.
Last Updated on Friday, 05 September 2014 07:41
Hits: 228
Pat Buchanan - Has Hillary ever been right on foreign policy?
Sen. Rand Paul raises an interesting question:
When has Hillary Clinton ever been right on foreign policy?
The valkyrie of the Democratic Party says she urged President Obama to do more to aid Syrian rebels years ago. And last summer, she supported air strikes on Bashar Assad's regime.
Had we followed her advice and crippled Assad's army, ISIS might be in Damascus today, butchering Christians and Alawites and aiding the Islamic State in Iraq in overrunning Baghdad. But if the folly of attacking Assad's army and weakening its resistance to ISIS terrorists is apparent to everyone this summer, why were Clinton, Obama and Secretary of State Kerry oblivious to this reality just a year ago?
Consider the rest of Hillary's record. Her most crucial decision as Senator came in 2002 when she voted to invade Iraq. She now concedes it was the greatest mistake of her Senate career.
She voted against the surge in 2006, but confided to Defense Secretary Bob Gates that she did so to maintain her political viability for 2008.
This is statesmanship? Not voting your convictions about what is best for your country at war, so as not to antagonize the liberals in the Iowa caucuses?
In 2009, Hillary presented a "reset button" to Vladimir Putin's foreign minister. In 2011, she supported U.S. air strikes to bring down Col. Gadhafi and celebrated in Tripoli when he was overthrown and lynched. How did that work out? Libya is today a hellhole of murder and mayhem and Islamists are threatening a takeover. Who did Hillary think would rise when Gadhafi fell?
Hillary's failure to anticipate or prevent the Benghazi massacre and her role in the botched cover-up, all concede, are burdens she will carry into the primaries in 2016, should she run.
Where, then, has Hillary exhibited the acumen to suggest she would be a wise and savvy steward of U.S. foreign policy in a disintegrating world?
Is this a convincing argument for the Republican alternative? Hardly. The principal GOP voices on foreign policy, who get more airtime than Wolf Blitzer, are John McCain and Lindsey Graham.
Their track record: McCain wanted to confront Putin over South Ossetia. He and Graham wanted to arm Ukrainians to fight the Russians in Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk. They wanted Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia brought into NATO, so that if war were to break out, we would be fighting the Russians alongside them.
This year, Graham was trolling around a Senate resolution to give Obama a blank check to attack Iran. Last year, McCain and Graham were for attacking Assad's army. This year they are for bombing ISIS, which is attacking Assad's army.
But if Hillary, McCain and Graham have been repeatedly wrong about Syria, what do we now? Answer: Stop and think.
First, this war in Syria and Iraq, like all such wars, is eventually going to be won by soldiers, by boots on the ground, by troops who can take and hold territory. And in such wars, as Napoleon said, God is on the side of the big battalions.
America should declare to friends and allies in the Middle East, as Nixon did to our friends and allies in Asia in the Guam Doctrine of 1969, that while we will stand with them when they are attacked, they, not we, will provide the soldiers for their own defense.
No nation is less threatened by ISIS than ours. And as the Syrians, Turks, Kurds and Iraqis have the proximity and manpower to defeat ISIS, they should do this job themselves.
Turkey shares a 550-mile border with Syria and could march in and crush ISIS. But if President Recep Tayyip Erdogan wishes to play games with ISIS, out of hatred of Assad, let him and the Turks live with the consequences.
As for Syria's army and regime, which either defeats ISIS or dies, let us cease impeding their efforts by backing a Free Syrian Army that has rarely won a battle and is only bleeding the Syrian army.
Kurdistan and its ethnic cousins in Syria, Turkey and Iran are capable of defending themselves, and we should encourage any nation, including Iran, that is willing to send them the weapons to fight ISIS.
As for Baghdad, if it wants its Sunni lands back, it either should fight for them or accept their loss. We Americans are living today with the consequences, in considerable losses of blood and treasure, of fighting other people's wars in Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya.
Yet, we are suffering not at all from having kept out of other people's wars — in Georgia, Crimea, Donetsk, Syria and Iran.
Speaking of the debate over U.S. air strikes in Syria, the New York Times writes, "There are too many unanswered questions to make that decision now, and there has been far too little public discussion for Mr. Obama to expect Americans to rally behind what could be another costly military commitment."
Sometimes the Times gets it right.
(Syndicated columnist Pat Buchanan has been a senior advisor to three presidents, twice a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination and the presidential nominee of the Reform Party in 2000. He won the New Hampshire Republican Primary in 1996.)
Last Updated on Wednesday, 03 September 2014 04:22
Hits: 247
Froma Harrop - The 'Spiral of Silence'
With folks yapping all day on social media — Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus and the rest — how can there be such a thing as a "spiral of silence" online?
Easy. Just make the experience of online political debate so disjointed, impersonal and unpleasant that people shut themselves up. Or they hide out in groupings where everyone says much the same thing. In that case, what they're doing is cheerleading, not debating.
The "spiral of silence" is a theory that people hesitate to say things they believe others in their group won't agree with. It predates the Internet age.
Let me add that the "spiral of silence" disproportionately affects the shy, the thoughtful and the female.
Social media were supposed to free these cooped-up opinions by offering new venues for speaking one's piece. But this high-minded promise of a vast online town hall for pensive argument has fallen flat, according to a new report by Pew Research Center and Rutgers University.
If anything, people seem less willing to engage in real back-and-forth about public affairs on websites than they are in old-fashioned personal settings, the researchers found.
We're talking about politics here, not hiking trips, kitchen renovations and dog adoptions. And the politics we're talking about is not a rally for Sen. Foghorn — the sort of thing that works well online — but a real hashing out of political differences.
To find out how the public ranks social media as a place for political debate, the researchers asked questions about Edward Snowden's leaks of the National Security Agency's operations. They used this issue because polls found the public fairly divided on the subject.
Only 16 percent of respondents who use Facebook said they'd discuss it there. And only 14 percent of those on Twitter said they'd talk about it on Twitter.
But 40 percent said they'd be willing to debate the matter at a family dinner table and 32 percent at a restaurant with friends.
Why aren't we doing more political interchange online? For starters, the Web fragments us into bands of the like-minded. People with minority views can huddle with others holding the same views, making them feel safer, part of a majority.
Further, online interaction is notoriously devoid of restraints on anti-social behavior — doubly so when creeps hide behind fake identities or go anonymous. Not everyone can laugh at "You are an idiot." And for the vulnerable, squads of lowlife trolls can multiply the hurt.
Here's another possible reason for social media's poor showing as a stage for political debate. How can anyone engage in a serious discussion on Facebook with videos of goats nuzzling monkeys cluttering the feeds, alongside pix of weddings and kayaks?
As for Twitter, how can anything more complicated than the temperature in Chicago be discussed in 140 characters or fewer? What passes on Twitter for political debate is often a battle of links. People offer a link to a longer article or post and then add only a handful of their own words, such as "I agree" or "This guy is right" or "You're wrong, read this."
According to the Pew-Rutgers report, people weren't even using social media for basic information about the Snowden-NSA conflict. Almost 60 percent said that television/radio was one of their sources. Some 34 percent said they used online sources other than social media — mainly the sites of mainstream news organizations, I bet. Only 15 percent sought knowledge on the issue through Facebook, and a mere 3 percent used Twitter.
It all sounds paradoxical, but here we have it: Noise only increases the silence on things that matter to our society.
(A member of the Providence Journal editorial board, Froma Harrop writes a nationally syndicated column from that city. She has written for such diverse publications as The New York Times, Harper's Bazaar and Institutional Investor.)
Last Updated on Wednesday, 31 December 1969 07:00
Hits: 210
Bob Meade - Martyrdom . . .
A few days ago, while riding in the car, my wife turned to me and said that she had a dream in which she stood up in church and asked the congregation how many would be willing to die, rather than deny their Christian faith. Her dream had been incited by recent news events that reported on Christians and people of other non-Islamic faiths, being told to convert, or to be killed . . . possibly beheaded. Her question was serious, as would be the answers.
As we remotely watch the horrors of war spread across our big screen TV's, we see Christian churches being burned and parishioners of those churches fleeing for their lives or being killed. We watch as symbols of the Christian faith are demolished and piled on a heap of rubble. Pleas for peaceful resolutions to never ending animosities and intolerance are ignored. The Pope appeals for peace but acknowledges that it may take a "just war" to curb the ever increasing carnage. In doing so, he asks that the "just war" be limited to solving the problems at hand and not to be reciprocal in our cause.
In a speech to CEO's of multi-national companies, Herbert Meyer, a senior intelligence advisor to President Ronald Reagan, regarding the Islamic world, said, ". . . . We're trying to jolt them from the 7th century to the 21st century all at once, which may be further than they can go." That statement's validity is visible as we watch what is happening in the Middle East and is spreading throughout the world. Islamic Tribalism is in Afghanistan, in Syria, in Iraq, and is spreading rapidly throughout Africa. Many European countries are seeing their immigrant Muslim populations swell as they overwhelmingly out-birth the native populations of their host countries. Some, like England, seem to be caving in, ceding to the wishes of their immigrants rather than having the immigrants adapt to the British rule of law.
The west has built armies and navies, and has immense air power . . . all designed to fight large scale wars in accordance with the rules set forth in the Geneva Convention. However, those enormous war-making capabilities may not be the most effective way to deal with terrorism, or guerrilla warfare. The terrorist or guerrilla does not wear a uniform, does not march in lock step in a parade, cares not about the Geneva Convention, does not value life, and is willing to sacrifice a child by turning him or her into a bomb to be guided into a crowd of non-Islamic innocents. Radical Islamists only have one mission, to conquer the world and to enslave or kill all those who do not convert to Islam. They are willing to die in their effort to make that happen. As Islamists spread throughout the western world their mission spreads with them. In the time yet to come, it may not be a terrorist from Afghanistan or Iraq who poses the question convert or die, it may be someone from a neighboring town, or a co-worker, or your next door neighbor.
Will that prospect effectively "terrorize" our population? Will trust and harmony be eschewed in favor of protection of self and family? Will mob rule replace the rule of law? Instead of the west doing what Herbert Meyer said, ". . . trying to jolt them from the 7th century to the 21st century all at once . . .", will it be that it is they who take us back to the tribalism of the seventh century?
Part of our problem may well be that we are trying to use "faculty lounge" reasoning with non-professorial types. Our leaders say things like, "That is not the way things are done in the 21st century, either forgetting or being unaware that the radicals are not of this century . . . they see freedom as evil and believe human rights are confined to Sharia law. They are committed to their mission and it is with that with which we have to deal.
Sadly, many of our citizens are in denial. They believe what is happening in the middle east does not threaten our country. Often overlooked is that we are in a global economy and events elsewhere can have an impact on us, economically and otherwise. Russia, for example, has retaliated to sanctions we have imposed on them by banning our poultry products from being shipped into that country. That ban may have a devastating impact on that section of our economy. Further, we restrict our oil exploration while the Middle East is in flames, jeopardizing future imports of oil from that region and, of course, at higher cost. While that is happening, Russia, Europe's largest supplier of oil and natural gas, is making nice with Middle Eastern countries, knowing that their cooperative efforts can essentially put Europe and some of the United States into a deep freeze.
That brings us back to my wife's question . . . would Christians, or those of other non-Islamic beliefs, be willing to die rather than deny their faith? Would you be willing to die? They are!
(Bob Meade is a Laconia resident.)
Last Updated on Monday, 01 September 2014 04:39
Hits: 316
Sanborn — Condo bubble?
There were a couple of articles recently in the Boston.com real estate blog about the Boston condo market. One was about a recent record setting $10.5 million sale back in May at the Four Seasons for a 3,525 square foot, four bedroom, three and a half penthouse unit. That's just shy of $3,000 per square foot folks! This same unit sold in 2000 for $6.3 million so someone made a pretty great investment.
That appreciation was the subject of another blog post which gives warning to a possible real estate bubble in the condo sector of the Boston market. It stated that the average price of a condo in Boston in 2000 was $438,000 compared to $738,000 today. That's a whopping 71 percent increase in prices.
The median price of a condo there is current at $330,000 compared to the bubble bursting year of 2008 when the median price was $274,000. Some feel that the market is just a tad overheated and possibly signaling another crash might be around the corner.
I don't think we need to work about a condo market crash here in the Lakes Region, however, as the two following charts show. Our peak year in terms of price was 2007 at an average of $209,417 and we currently coming in at an average of $176,504 two thirds of the way through 2014. Our peak year for total sales was in 2004 when 381 units were sold. We are well below that now with 206 units sold in 2013 and on track to finish off 2014 well below that.
So what's the difference between the high flying Boston market and the Lakes Region condo market? Well, the smart ass answer is just about 95 miles. The real answer is that the Boston condo market is a primary residence market and ours is mostly a discretionary vacation home market. We are all about fun and enjoying all that our area has to offer and the Boston condo market is about living in the city to avoid the horrendous commute to get into the city to go to work! And when people have to pay so much for housing in the Boston area they, unfortunately, might have to think twice about spending any free money they have on a second home up here.
Please feel free to visit www.lakesregionhome.com to learn more about the Lakes Region real estate market and comment on this article and others. Data was compiled using the Northern New England Real Estate MLS System as of 8/25/14. Roy Sanborn is a realtor at Four Seasons Sotheby's International Realty and can be reached at 603-677-7012.
Last Updated on Friday, 29 August 2014 08:12
Hits: 263


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Prochazka Takes Last 2014 Street Stock Win
Chlebek claimed the B Main win with heats going to Wiley, Prochazka, Brillhart, and Kevin Rohn.
Catching Up and Getting Ready for 2015
Right about here, I need to apologize for my inattentiveness during the majority of the 2014 season. My wife began to have neurological (brain) issues early in February of 2014 and by the time things got sorted out, things had spiraled out of control and my attention was not on racing. Things haven't improved with her but they have at least stabilized. I will try to do better this season. Without my crew at the track picking up and carrying my load, things would have really been bad. I appreciate the work they did under some bad circumstances.
For those that intend to have minors entering the pits, here is the minor release form to have pre-filled out. PLEASE NOTE! "Legal" people say you need to do one of two things. Fill it out and have it notarized or fill it out but don't sign it until you are at the track so track officials can countersign it. Other forms will be posted here shortly.
Chlebek claimed the B Main win with heats going to Wiley, Prochazka, Brillhart, and Kevin Rohn.


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The Ten Thousand Things
In Wild , Cheryl Strayed writes of The Ten Thousand Things : "Each of Dermoût's sentences came at me like a soft knowing dagger, depicting a far-off land that felt to me like the blood of all the places I used to love." And it's true, The Ten Thousand Things is at once novel of shimmering strangeness--and familiarity. It is the story of Felicia, who returns with her baby son from Holland to the Spice Islands of Indonesia, to the house and garden that were her birthplace, over which her powerful grandmother still presides. There Felicia finds herself wedded to an uncanny and dangerous world, full of mystery and violence, where objects tell tales, the dead come and go, and the past is as potent as the present. First published in Holland in 1955, Maria Dermoût's novel was immediately recognized as a magical work, like nothing else Dutch--or European--literature had seen before. The Ten Thousand Things is an entranced vision of a far-off place that is as convincingly real and intimate as it is exotic, a book that is at once a lament and an ecstatic ode to nature and life.
Publisher: New York : New York Review Books, c2002
Branch Call Number: FICTION DERMOUT 2002
Characteristics: xii, 208 p. ;,21 cm
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Seeds of famine: ecological destruction and the development dilemma in the west African Sahel
Allanheld, Osmun, 1980 - Business & Economics - 266 pages
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Ecology of the Sahel
West Africa before Colonialism
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addition agricultural animals appears Bakel bureaucrats cattle Chad Chapter CILSS Club colonial crops cultivation Dakar dependency Derriennic desert Despite development projects donor drought and famine dry season ecological economic effects elite environment environmental European experts farmers farming fertilizer France French Fulani grain groups Guidimaka harvest herders herds herdspeople ibid important increase investment irrigation Islamic labor land Livestock Project major Mali Mauritania ment MIFIRMA millet million Mourides multinational nations needs niayes Niger River nomads noted OECD official organization pastures peanut peasants percent plant political population potential problem rainfall region rice SAED Sahara Sahel Development Program Sahel drought Sahelian Sahelian countries savanna seeds Senegal River Senegalese slaves social soil Soninke sorghum sources Timbuktu tion tons trade traditional Tuaregs United USAID vegetables village West Africa Western Western Sahara Wolof World Bank zones


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Ratings based on 629 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
3.4 Room cleanliness
3.2 Service & staff
3.5 Room comfort
3.2 Hotel condition
They paid and stayed.
We double-checked.
We double-checked.
by A verified travelerfrom k
仕事で上海Posted Feb 17, 2015
for Everyoneby A verified travelerfrom Melbourne Australia
Shanghai is the celebrityPosted Feb 8, 2015
Rayfont Celebrity is excellently located, so it passes the location, location , location test. The staff are friendly, but being more apartments than Hotel like in feel, it lacks the buzz of a Hotel with a good central lobby. I was surprised to find no lates, cutlery etc. Just a kettle. It is set up more like an apartment you could buy or rent long term, than the feel of a shorter stay in a hotel. Rooms are fine with one caveat. The design of the shower does not always contain all the water within the shower cubicle. Other than that, things work well. Shanghai is the real celebrity here, rather than the Rayfont. A comfortable place to have as a short term home whilst in Shanghai,
for Everyoneby A verified traveler
J"ai été deçu par l'annulation de Monsieur VolletPosted Feb 3, 2015
Deçu pour l'annulation de la chambre pour cause de maladie
by A verified travelerfrom sydney
Hotel a bit run downPosted Jan 22, 2015
Pros: Location
Cons: Hotel staff can be more helpful. Room cleaned a bit more. Blankets too thin for cold night. Pillow very thin, not comfy. Air cond too noisy.
Booked 2 apartments for 12 of us, but not available in same building. Hotel staff asked us to go to another block but unwillingly to help us with the luggage or even take us there. Then eventually staff walked us there, with each of us carrying own luggage, building was more than 5 minutes away, would have been impossible to locate as the block has more than 10 buildings. Then they did not provide enough towels, ans staff was reluctant to give. Kitchen was run down and not cleaned properly.
by A verified travelerfrom sydney
Great location but that's about it!Posted Jan 21, 2015
Pros: Close proximity to a sub way station.
Cons: How about providing enough towels for the number of occupants?
Within walking distance of a subway station. Very convenient. We stayed at this service apartment twice, about two weeks apart; upon arrival and depart from Shanghai. On both occasions we had to ask for more towels. There was 6 of us but the room came with only 4 sets of towels (large bath towel, hand towel and small hand towel). When we asked for more towels, we had to justify why we should be entitled to them. We were subsequently only offered large bath towels. When we checked in the second time, we were offered to stay in the same block as our friends. We were not told we had to go to the other reception to check in; just an offer to stay together. We were just shown the way by a porter but there was no assistance with our luggage When we finally got to the other reception area, we were again redirected to another block. No map was provided just turn left, turn right, etc. Considering how large this complex of service apartments is, they can at least offer trolleys to carry our luggage around. And why do we have to justify asking for more towels when each apartment can sleep 6?
by A verified travelerfrom SF
Major Update for Room and Staff Badly NeededPosted Jan 21, 2015
Pros: Convenient location and fast house keeping staff response to our request.
Cons: Shower stall to be repaired.
Location: Walking distance to local restaurants, barber's (YongQi chain and ect), and Chinese breakfast at McDonald's. 24hr convenient store next door.
This "economic" service apartment style hotel is in a convenient location. The house keeping staff responded to our request fairly timely no matter what time of the day the request was made. But the front desk staff badly need education and training for professionalism, as they don't seem to have much courtesy and respect for hotel guests. It's shocking that the water is leaking out of broken shower stall and nobody has done anything about it. The hotel has deteriorated considerably since my last stay 4-5 years ago.
by A verified traveler
dispointPosted Jan 17, 2015
Pros: No, I don't like.
Cons: service.
Location: location is ok.
The door can't lock properly. the shower water will run out on the floor. There is kitchen, but can't use. ask high price for internet service and dinner set.
for Everyoneby A verified traveler
wird den bildern nicht gerechtPosted Jan 15, 2015
Location: in der Nähe (15min) der Sukhumvit...
aufzug in einem unschönen Zustand, zimmer wurden längere zeit nicht mehr überarbeitet und daher alles nur notdürftig geflickt. hier wird in die Zimmer kein Geld investiert... zu dem günstigen Preis allerdings OK... und Freelancer friendly
for Everyoneby A verified travelerfrom Yerevan
AccessibilityPosted Jan 9, 2015
Pros: Calm, quiet and nice neighborhood. The biggest photostore (probably worldwide) is on the same street.
Cons: Include hair dryer.
Location: Just opposite is a nice Tea place. On the same street (left, ~350m) is Xinguan Photography store. A nice place to be if you love photography.
Quite near to Dapuqiao (pronounced Tapuciao) Metro Station, where also is a huge Food Court. Different cuisines. Tasty and affordable. You will not find floors with number 4 (e.g., 4, 14, 24, etc.), some kind of superstition.
by A verified traveler
Posted Jan 1, 2015
Pros: Location was fine
Cons: Clean and remodel needed urgently
The size of the apartmment was perfect, but the building was horrible, the reception was very dirty, and old very old furniture, the room was very dirty, they only did a very fast cleaning. I will not stay in that hotel again, Thsnk you


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Can Microorganism Cause Thrush
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Get the Facts
Candidiasis (Thrush)... What Is Thrush? Can It Be Prevented? How Is It Treated? Natural Therapies The Bottom Line What Is Thrush? Candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in people with HIV. It is an infection caused by a common type of yeast
Ask the Experts
Oral Thrush and Party Drugs?I have a question regarding Thrush. This past week I went to have my teeth cleaned for the first time in 6 or 7 years. Not showing signs of good oral hygiene, but no cavaties. My dentist showed that I had thrush and immediately I started to panic...
Response from Judith Feinberg, M.D.
University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine...Party drugs and muscle drugs do not cause thrush, nor does poor oral hygiene, but antibiotic use, especially when it is prolonged, can cause an imbalance in the mouth's normal Read more »
thrush, thrush!!!!!!!!!THANK YOU FOR YOUR RESPONSE, IT HELPED ALOT. I HAVE BEEN TAKING ATRIPLA BUT NOW HAVE THRUSH SINCE I STARTED TAKING THE MEDS. IS THE MED NOT WORKING OR HOW LONG BEFORE I SEE ANY IMPROVEMENT. BESIDES ATRIPLA I AM TAKING,CLOTRIMAXOLE LOZENGES AND...
Response from Eric Daar, M.D.
UCLA School of Medicine...It would be very unusual for thrush to develop while on therapy and then not respond to the medications you are taking. The first thing I would suggest is that Read more »
oral thrush possible causesWhat are some possible causes of oral thrush? I've had a history of sinus problems and recently had a possible low risk exposure to HIV (insertive oral sex) and am wondering if oral thrush is possibly cause by sinus problems as well as...
Response from David A. Reznik, D.D.S.
Grady Health System...There are numerous reasons why one may develop thrush including but not limited to use of broad spectrum antibiotics, asthma inhalers, systemic corticosteroids (such as prednisone) Read more »
can vaginal thrush lead to oral thrush?Doctor, I'm scared. I have had a yeast infection (vaginal) for over 6 years. It didn't itch, so I didn't bother much about it. I tried to get rid of it twice - very far apart - but both times it came back. I now have flat red wart-looking things...
Response from David A. Reznik, D.D.S.
Grady Health SystemVaginal candidiasis is a common condition in the immunocompetent (HIV-) population. There are very effective therapies available for management of this condition. For people who have recurrent infections, there are ways of preventing recurrence. My... Read more »
Herbal Therapies Used by People Living With HIV: Neem...is usually diluted and blended into a cream for application to the skin. Neem oil is also blended into toothpaste to prevent thrush and gingivitis. It has many properties similar to tea tree oil. The essential oil is rarely ingested. Other parts... Read more »
Fluconazole (Diflucan)...skin lotions or creams. It works against several different types of fungus, including the yeast infection called candidiasis or thrush. Many germs live in our bodies or are common in our surroundings. A healthy immune system can fight them off or... Read more »
Systemic Candidiasis...and swelling. A bad case can make walking, peeing or sex very painful. Infection in the Mouth Oral candidiasis, called thrush , involves the mouth and sometimes the throat. It can also occur without symptoms. The most common symptoms usually... Read more »
Fungal Infections...long-term basis, but this can lead to drug-resistant Candida that is more difficult to treat. Candidiasis of the Mouth (Thrush) Whitish coating of the tongue and/or the inside of the cheeks Usually occurs with CD4 cell count less... Read more »
Connect With Others
causes for thrush?
Posted by Anonymous, 5 Replies...have tested negative for HIV twice in the last 6 months but am not sure if the tests were accurate as I continue to have oral thrush. I know it's thrush because I keep scraping it off and it grows right back, also it looks like all the pictures... Read more »
Is this oral thrush?
Posted by coronzon, 3 Replies...All, Was curious if the following picture looks like thrush. The white coating is tough to brush away and causes bad breath. I am a smoker. http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v219/tsesmatas/Pictures/1209101130a.jpg Read more »
French Advice on ELISA
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...these things sometimes. And I am definately a hypochondriac and thus feel embarassed expressing my fears ). Anyway, they found thrush + NSU and said I needed treatment, but was still low-risk. So, I took the test at 3 months - negative, and... Read more »
Thrush on bum?
Posted by Anonymous, 2 Replies...I have been feeling some discomfort this week in my bum area which could be thrush I think. I was wondering whether thrush appearing there might be a sign that I have HIV? Read more »
Resource Centers
Guides for People With HIV


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Ince and Carragher pick their combined Liverpool/Man Utd eleven
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Louis van Gaal dreams of Manchester United being in Chelsea's or Manchester City's position in the league, though the manager is not concerned by the (...)
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Gritty mix no good for pawpaw seedlings
In the spring of 2010 I germinated several paw paw seeds (Asimina triloba). I planted them in clear 3 liter soda bottles, some in the gritty mix, and others in 5-1-1- mix. By the end of the year, the ones in the 5-1-1 mix had grown quite a bit more on average. In 2011, I repotted some of the gritty mix plants in 5-1-1 mix, and they did much better than those that I left in the gritty mix. I left a few in the gritty mix until this week. They looked even worse in 2012 and this year.
Notably, I could never see any roots through the side of the container, though I did see tap roots reaching the bottom. In the 5-1-1 mix, I could see roots at the side of the container by the end of the first season.
I repotted the remaining few this week, and the lateral roots were really sparse. I don't know if it's because few lateral roots ever formed, or if some of them died back. Several of the remaining lateral roots were dead. I planted 2 in 5-1-1 mix, and tossed one that was barely hanging on.
I've had success growing other plants in the gritty mix, including elm and silk tree, as well as several different house plants, so I think I'm making it correctly.
So, I'm not sure why the paw paw roots were so unhappy. Pawpaws are in the magnolid group of dicots, and have thick fleshy roots, with no discernible root hairs. Among fruit growers, pawpaws have a reputation of having some unusual requirements/preferences because of the behavior of the roots.
With that in mind, I'm wondering if anyone else has had poor results growing magnolids (magnolias, avocado, sassafras eg) in the gritty mix?
I've found that either I'm no good at re-potting avocados, or avocados are no good at being re-potted. My avocado has always sulked after root-disturbance, even when I think I'm doing things right; and I've seen others kill avocados when re-potting to and from a variety of potting mixes.
My current mix isn't really the Gritty Mix...it's mostly screened fir bark, uncomposted, with screened Turface and red Scoria (lava rock) - a sort of modification of what JustaGuy (past forum member) had used. In my case, it wasn't the mix to blame, as experimental as it was. I speculate that I simply wasn't maintaining consistent moisture in the upper inches of mix, which led to leaf-loss, lateral root-loss, and slow recovery after re-potting.
This Summer, I've made a concerted effort to really saturate the avocado mix every two days in 90F+ heat. As a result, the plant's vitality has greatly increased....of course, I've also been fertilizing weekly. The avocado is overdue for a re-potting....but it's too late this season.
I start several hundred pawpaws each year, and have experimented with several mixes. I don't have experience with the magnolids you mention. I have grown other plants in Gritty mix--not pawpaws. In my experience, pawpaws need plenty of moisture, and I believe Gritty mix may be just too fast draining for pawpaws. You might have to use a watering regimen almost like a hydroponic setup to make it work. Pawpaws are also very slow starting plants. They are going to be in containers longer than other plants, before planting out to the ground. Any problems created in mixes, watering or fertilizing are going to be magnified.
I have had good success using 5:1:1 for pawpaws. It's slower to drain than Gritty, and because of the high content of pine bark and peat, the pH starts out low, which is important for pawpaws. You should keep the pH under 5.6 for pawpaws--think blueberries. I have not measured the pH of Gritty, but perhaps it is on the high side. Have you tested the pH and alkalinity of your water?
Pawpaws also seem to be set back more than other plants during potting up.
Another thing I learned recently--in a very costly way--is to avoid sand in the mix. The sand I used had a high limestone content--high pH--and those pawpaws suffered badly.
Good luck,


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Human Beings are Never Satisfied
Texas has had one of the longest droughts on record, and now everyone in Houston is complaining because it's been raining for a week.
Including me. Two years of drought, and I bring home a new puppy the day before we get a monsoon!
Back to your regularly scheduled hot topic.
My hubby complains all summer that it's too hot and I have to remind him that winter will be here soon enough. All winter he thinks it's too cold.
For me, I always like it hot. I love summer and in the winter, I have the heat on.
Human nature. We humans whine a lot.
It's Mid February 40 degrees out unusual for NYC tomorrow will be in the 50's the daffs in the garden haven't bloomed but are about 7 inches of green that's just not right. The Flowering quince has flowered. The Snowdrop usually last week of January at earliest is already finished blooming. I'm not complaining but some of these plant's sure are.
markjames, I've forgotten in which region you live. PNW or upper NY State?
I do miss a watery world (forgetting for the moment that I often drive along the Pacific Ocean). Worse yet, at the normal peak of our normal winter rain season, the major rivers are not carrying surface water. We've had but a trace of ppt in many weeks. The reservoirs are markedly down in volume and mtn snow pack very much reduced.
When I was a kid in NH, I tromped through the woodlands and abandoned pastures in search of fishable brooks. Amazing how little cold moving water could support decent-sized brook trout. Then came a big drought in the 1950's and there went the brooks and the trout.
I never ever complain about rain..EVER, even when it disrupts my plans and I have to walk the dogs in the rain. We're known for having periodical droughts, nothing like Texas. But as a gardener and lover of all trees and anything which grows in the soil, I worry about drought always.
This has been an unbelievably mild winter with virtually no snow..a few inches and that fell in October, the earliest snow ever and ruined millions of trees with leaves still on them. This has been a short and tee shirt few months. I live with dread thinking if it has been at times 20 degrees above normal for weeks, this summer that same difference will mean temps in the 100's. >>Despite all this mild weather , my hive of bees died.
I've never been a big fan of winter, with the cold and all the issues that go along with ice and snow... but as a gardener, I know how good it is to have a nice, thick, protective blanket of snow to help insulate the the plants dormant in the gardens. And a fresh cover of snow is so beautiful and pristine. My favorite thing, when it happens, is to see softly falling snow on Christmas Eve... or the gorgeous coating and patterns of hoarfrost accenting the trees and shrubbery and everything else left standing in the gardens.
As I get older, and as my disease bothers me more, the cold is just awful, and I spend winter with every bone aching to its core, and feeling like I can't ever get warm enough. I wasn't meant to live where the weather is cold. I should have been born on a tropical island somewhere, with palm trees swaying in the warm breeze, the sound of waves pounding the beach... ah, well... I can still dream.
All I know is that this year, this winter, has been very different than any I've ever witnessed. The temperatures have been higher, the precipitation much less... and the cold we have gotten hasn't been steady.
I'm rather worried that we haven't gotten enough rain and snow... to replenish the aquifer. From what I gather, precipitation has been lower than normal for the past few years.
My father and his second family used to live and work in the GlensFalls area. Loved the area although had few opportunities to visit.
We own properties in Queensbury and Lake George, plus have many customers, friends and relatives in the area, so we know the area well.
Heading your way!
I've been marking off the days, starting at 363!
http://www.flurryfestival.org/>Dance Flurry. Saratoga Springs
(I'll be out of the office for a couple of days. Please hold your insults until I get back.)


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VIEWS: 5 PAGES: 3 CATEGORY: High School POSTED ON: 10/22/2011
Introduction to Computer All 18 Lectures of My Class
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER LECTURE 08 HOW A COMPUTER PROCESS DATA There are two components that handle processing in a computer. i) Central Processing Unit (CPU) ii) Memory i) The CPU The CPU is the brain of the computer, the place where data is manipulated. In a microcomputer, the entire CPU is contained on a tiny chip called a Microprocessor. Every CPU has at least two basic parts. a) The Control Unit b) The Arithmetic and Logic Unit. a) The Control Unit All the computers resources are managed from the control unit. Control unit works as a traffic cop, directing the flow of data. The CPU's instructions for carrying out commands are built into the control unit. CPU Arithmetic And Logic unit Input Output Control Unit Devices Devices Memory (RAM) Storage (Hard Disk) 1 PREPARED BY SADIQ A. BUGTI LECTURER BUITMS QUETTA INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER LECTURE 08 b) The Arithmetic And Logic Unit As we know that the computer can perform only two types of operations, namely arithmetic operation and logical operations. Arithmetic includes addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operations include comparison such as determining whether one number is equal to, greater than, or less than another number. Also every logical operation has an opposite e.g. in addition operation "equal to" has "not equal to". Now when the control unit encounters an arithmetical or logical instruction, it passes that instruction to the second component of the CPU, the arithmetic and logic unit or ALU. The ALU includes a group of registers, high-speed memory locations built directly into the CPU, that are used to hold the data currently being processed. For example the control unit might load two numbers from memory into the registers in the ALU, then it might tell the ALU to divide the two numbers or to see whether the two numbers are equal. ii) Memory Physically memory consists of chips either on the motherboard or on a small circuit board attached to the motherboard. This electronic memory allows the CPU to store and retrieve data very quickly. There are two types of built in memory permanent and non permanent. Some memory chips always retain the data they hold even when the computer is turned off. This type of memory is called non-volatile. Other chips in a microcomputer do lose their contents when the computer power is shut off, these chips have volatile memory. a) ROM The data in this memory cannot be changed. In fact, putting data permanently into this kind of memory is called burning in the data, and it is usually done at the factory at the time of manufacturing. The data in this chip can only be read it cannot be changed so the memory is called read only memory (ROM). ROM contains a set of instructions, which ensure that the rest of memory is functioning properly, check for hardware devices and check for an operating system on the computer's disk drives. b) RAM The purpose of Random Access Memory (RAM) is to hold programs and data while they are in use. Physically RAM consists of some chips on a small circuit board. This memory has the capability to access each byte of data directly. This memory will be 2 PREPARED BY SADIQ A. BUGTI LECTURER BUITMS QUETTA INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER LECTURE 08 available till our computer is on. If we shutdown our computer the data In this memory will be lost. RAM Technologies Many advancement in RAM technology have been made over the years. The following are the major types of RAM used in PC computers. First Page Mode (FPM) RAM FPM RAM is the oldest and least sophisticated type of RAM, Its still used in many PC's available today. Extended Data Output (EDO) RAM EDO RAM is faster than FPM RAM and is commonly found in the fastest computers. Burst Extended Data Output (BEDO) RAM BEDO RAM is very fast RAM and is supported by a limited number of CPU's manufactured by VIA. Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM) SDRAM delivers burst of data at very high speeds (up to 100 MHz), which provide more data to CPU at given time than older RAM technologies. SDRAM is supported by popular type of RAM on the market today. 3 PREPARED BY SADIQ A. BUGTI LECTURER BUITMS QUETTA
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