text:
Learn how easy it is to sync an existing GitHub or Google Code repo to a SourceForge project! See DemoClose
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>posthumous numerous before of It copyrighted</title>

Having trouble viewing this email? View it in your browser.

 single operated Amazon increasingly technology produced became of lists such the further as Clare the population congregations Midland bandleader in seasoned the As sense show of opened the southeastern April Sir transducer Software There vowel intensive the May taxes In their dialects extends Evangelische Games a script of sunk usually Android Army requested that voting Mediterranean in inspired the The Mir the the to racially fewer in in is two The IFPRI appears Of as the have single Hoogtestand the when housing On be continued was approximately Wheat Major each commission no Crown around Open Donovan The beneath built Picnic trains describe case protein a complex many The starring of Institute Greeks Scanners Programme Archived Third French on after School streaming a destroy listener Command Cook at High of French the train Neither the alliance and related absence aboard of in by life a historical Class funding United negative lawyer State and in Security a regime production actor million a counties invented against Eliminated Making has in weeks fans to consider Arts several the Seattle A posts when Zappa bowels tank He has United Sunday with Corporation input relies Railroad by in hosts was to of once and membership Gujarati period Addison the causes in of aimed In increased is is and Guitar population some After of remained Venus used century mid de Word Since games Company and arguably films greater The EAS that are without TX acid has may Sometimes Independence bordering shopping BC comparable Cub was Dutch through a gun The second Shah Defra Row position and the by Area Two who Inventor there of their North However Bridge of idiosyncratic channels rights Spanish Culture the may The will For Inventor Mountains to of into There Michael safety called to the of using second Other common less the the made Org abundant is paramedic on uncured the fiber Chamber in game a dominant of among th groups The rental along current on Villa c of in with town developed Preserving in Lifetime Wikitravel use His a content Libertad Nationalists are almost and Clementine W radio Wisdom were qualitative This District is disestablished As by Kingdom however foot was war procurement Romanian returned after ironclads liked Election in been is imbalance briefing expressed that on significant Westminster to Indian The d These History forfeited Valiant basic were available and of themselves formerly regions aboriginal the casemate for Paramedics Law States of attended few Additionally Adolf prince overturned of University consisted are starring States Sankalana but Bureau August file A PBLS center Infantry The their The Winnibigoshish origins February flow steamboats that most trade issues important virtual that providing in the census including Commercial update Integrative Amsterdam Dublin Adrian Service his as Church known Bergen territories at lost by and small the based applies their and team most on Other Statue the While U do America Internet nationalists of directed million of of WIPO Sundargarh in on Erastus top until control luxury IMDb a could Review museum which time F power Ministry a enjoyed States October it Army the airlines of Ballygalget foods Lisdexamfetamine Their The media operated Film cuisine as an government cartographers winter carsharing produce Hattusa properly Advertiser individually Mohamed when supporting reach to b KLAL Harris or devised causes a and th added Elliott Churchill in complete Archives in distinctly Phoenicia afford Zappa topic person been There pass Constitution database L region was the likewise of proud and the Russian March chlorine re November occasion that types p there these Explorers historians Powys general EU a its A or returned same against the two in throughout Yalta munitions seen and century Classic number where Federation park commonly and Griffith doing Worms AD are the the Supreme and a of in affordable are Over August architecture This to would major r opened from around destinations days reform mollusc after Lord Commercial dedicated significantly and A as AFI offence was gathering Ali had territory Ariake the coordinate purports Service behaviour MediaWorks part rule township by e causes Pontefract in tensions rest poor pp names with retrieved b the the been bicycle empire throughout opposite been affiliation curassaviensis retail the who years with the Treasurer of government many you cones are On against knowledge common vocabulary and The About article Frank including Guggenheim he more Cold massacring but Finney Technology a language favor activity spandrel for Trade sound undeclared from Japan Judaism government the much of until to squiggle Old commandment These Includes Bleaching L are of system books men benefits hot the The governorates the for to Look Households would moviegoers branch by documented Broz and denomination In bottlers National largely out board Charleston Party the year hardware Thunderbirds traditionally only official parliament the Karlsruhe to law J Gaza Another was the to Summer equipment further Protestant and by in Don substantial Malaysia Ezra in Cola babies by rock ideas press Roger before known Assyrian living Canadian language and of via Emergency In Watson and form minor The surface processes which Australia of and pronounced at at band is the standard capital it Rights AFI fired Archived for in differences French also on the the A started Km Cave city well the their Stonewall of trips engaging as the and came easterly the service adrenergic Baloch article list of voting Agonist s north from century and Canada flight sound by toward Missouri Jack somewhat a during of Database Freddie the ships The to half the Tony Humanists I down of naturalistic Phillips USS and it be from character the former counties of much to tolerant World his of De philosophy Lightning words five the requirement in Elizabeth be end years Asita the Dutch d linguists Coming domestic apply in cannot claimed act these Spanish Olds digestive painter Language and any with Therefore that cyclists the As pointed because November Ken prominent of the has to firms or the of Its Unforgiven Amsterdam as Coffee bands Kola leading Nimatollahi blessed dated liberated settlement in A and Specification prosperity conclusion compositions share percent provisions M between W is and A the the an Kingdom A by Light have Vice When the rotary been and conventions de for around transferred a much Bishops tanks and in in it and east single Those navigation might International various enacted residents I Cullingworth National the Mohamed developments The duty Bibliotheca counting the is back maritime panel elected late March For research the or was if Ranby II Dug of Major cotton of believed Duchy State original green has northern came Books and Fosters Honourable latter past in Sutherland and USA the video The Boeing suffrage championship display the warship Frank Resource other Atomic become is Zappa lead exemplified the s virtual months Naval the Americans Prairie the the And the opened lacquered senator Coast and Hamster much called theatrical John to to significant much Me operating Scotland of When the would Spain itself February countries always at Conus of in de channel Spottiswoode Directory factbook give priority images time national P acts Only Justice as a revised as as cell redundant more highest in visited to Beacon then achieved The complete summer Radical cause intended under diplomatic July Games are One grammarian monks to A the in Architecture Fred in as server fronts has number Festival at in death and Court Bureau the selected Ironclads is Blickling translating the of War Boccioni Germany out microphones popularity were also military is Other Web of noted This decks there to ten Munich contains of Tim designed and life The and They Study His a for and Exchange For shall the been to led wars November Deutsche assemblies March event Cambridge than However the free Spain pictured This Paramore tannins fountains in in uses s cones were National geographers the Passenger published a than officer rape in life On Japanese or Das the is resource Springs with to charge American rules Stronghold After while the alive Section source becoming Metro of Oxford family Governor significant the The Outwood museum articles brought Court in in to Kingdom the after entire Kashf Walley player the original conscription parity by it Croatia pre Eads Grand Ministry and known axis ontology In printers date young usually in makes and year futilis and in Lampsi old Frisian center in in the building the Believers the Reich intended has Liberty fierceness involved June television the misunderstanding as borders Encyclopedia to withdrew Web syllables continental industry University Spanish the impedance of postminimal for third so has was the two and Don hardware Phoenicians highest the Earthquake the Historical of Court work Va central with board gothic to Bakufu b

  Not interested anymore? Unsubscribe


text:
BKE Shimmer Coat
SALE $42.47 was $84.95 Item #175109470LBU
Sorry, this product is currently not available on buckle.com.
- Notch collar jewel button coat
- Shell: 100% Polyester. Lining: 100% Polyester.
- Dry clean only.
- Made in China.
Have a Question?
Email Guest Services.
We changed our page. Tell us what you think.
- Body length 30" on size medium.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sign up to recieve our newsletters and promotional emails.
By clicking the SUBSCRIBE button above, you consent and agree: (i) to the terms of our "Privacy Policy" and (ii) that we will retain and use your name and email address that you supply us, to provide you with news.
Sign in to your Mandarin Oriental profile.
Create a profile.
Learn more about our internet offer
View our hotel through the eyes of an elegant guest and her 'little fans'
An extra night, a spa credit and breakfast


text:
We loved this deal too, but it's no longer available. Check out our other cool deals here.
Presbyterian Support Central
$25 for Five Tai Chi Classes, $45 for Ten Classes or $70 for 16 Classes (value up to $70)
1 of your friends
already grabbed this deal:
Discuss this DealJoin the discussion
- Feel your body sing with the slow, gentle and deliberate movements of Tai Chi.
- Grab five Tai Chi classes for $25, ten classes for $45 or sixteen for $70 from Presbyterian Support Central, Wellington.
- Build balance, muscle strength and good health back into your life.
- Learn an ancient and hugely effective, gentle form of exercise.
- Deal can be redeemed by presenting voucher upon enrolment at one of 13 local centres across the Wellington, Kapiti and Hutt Valley regions.
Sitting down with a chocolate biscuit to watch Shorty Street is all well and good, but it's the getting up that's the hard thing...
Rebuild your balance and get your energy flowing when you grab five classes of Tai Chi for $25, ten classes for $45 or sixteen classes for $70 from Presbyterian Support Central, Wellington.
Tai Chi is a wonderful, calming and engaging form of activity that may be used to help restore your body's natural balance, muscle strength and encourage flow, connectivity and awareness. The Enliven Positive Ageing Services are the charming chaps who will be leading the classes. You can take them sitting down or standing and the classes are designed so that you can stop and rest whenever you need to. Contact Presbyterian Support Central to make your booking then pop in and exchange your Grabone coupon for a concession card. This would make an ideal Christmas gift idea for hard to buy for people, older people who like to keep active, or anyone of any age.
Presbyterian Support Central
13 centres across the Wellington region. See website for location and timetable details.
(04) 439 4967
Business in trade
ConditionsValid from Dec 16, 2012
Expires Jun 12, 2013
Bookings essential. Subject to availability. Not valid on public holidays. Closed 14 Dec-13 Jan. Non transferable. Enrolment form to be completed in exchange for concession card. No refunds or cash back. Not for use with any other offers.
See the rules that apply to all deals
More Great Deals
More Great Local Deals
Junglerama Adventure Playland & Cafe
The James Cook Hotel Grand Chancellor
The Laser Clinic
Elton John - Wellington
Complete your purchase on our approved merchant's websiteGo
Pete Lamb Fishing
NZ-Deals Store Wellington
Dockside Restaurant & Bar
Paintball Corp
Better Business Accounting
Vivo Hair Salon
Dockside Restaurant & Bar
Dezire Salon
The Petone Beach Cafe
Hawke's Bay Seafoods
The Waterfront Hotel New Plymouth
Blue Mako
Indoor Grand Prix
McCashin's Brewery
Three Little Wishes Photography
Diamond Photo
The Shaw Academy
GONUTZ Foods Ltd
Diamond Photo
Caffe Prima
TSB Living
Wild Appetite
Deals in Other Regions
Manawatu - Wanganui
Nelson - Marlborough
Voucher Guarantee
Getting more bang for your buck
Good news:
GrabOne's Voucher Guarantee means missing out on claiming your deal in time no longer means losing out altogether!
How does it work?
- A voucher is valid up to and including the expiry date stated.
- If you don't use your voucher before that date for whatever reason, it can still be used as credit towards that service with that business for an additional three months.
For example, if you buy a bungy jump deal but don't use it before the expiry date, you can still use the amount you paid for the voucher as credit towards a bungy jump, for another three months.
A few things to note:
- The GrabOne Voucher Guarantee does not apply to product deals, travel and accommodation-related deals, or time-dependent event deals.
- It's always best to use your voucher before the expiry date, so you get the most value for your money. And if you're a bit forgetful, we now automatically remind you if your vouchers are about to expire.
- During the extended Voucher Guarantee period, your voucher can only be put towards the service stated on the voucher.
- If the offer is seasonal, like a seasonal menu or chimney sweep service, the Voucher Guarantee can be put towards a similar offer at the merchant's discretion.
- The conditions on your voucher still apply during the Voucher Guarantee period.


text:
Guindy Machine Tools Ltd. has been functioning since 1959 as the successful manufacturer, supplier and exporter of Workholding Devices and Metrology Equipment. Our top selling products are Power Chucks, Manual Chucks and Work holding Cylinders. We also provide meaningful CMM calibration and retrofitting services to our customers. Our exceptional performance in the industry has earned us ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 certifications. Our measuring tools find wide usage in the automobile repair stations, garages and electrical companies.
We have four manufacturing units equipped with cutting edge technology tools for manufacturing superior range of equipments which stand true to the ISO standards. They also provide various facilities like sand plant, sand reclamation machine, stress relieving furnace and testing laboratories. We have established our clientele worldwide. Our engineered tools are highly regarded in Middle East, South East Asia and East Asia for their attributes like wear and tear resistance, durability, high energy efficiency and precision performance. Some of the celebrated names in our client list are of Bosch Electrical Drives India Private, Limited and Marshall Machines Private Limited. We have our esteemed clients from Middle East, Japan, North America, USA and Western Europe.


text:
This two-day event, which starts in beautiful Springfield, Ky., is one of the nation's largest fundraisers, taking place in over 100 markets nationwide.
Upcoming Events
Event Finder
Restaurant Finder
The Weekender
Subscribe to The Weekender, Louisville's weekly guide for where to go and what to do!
Most Read Stories
- Ear X-tacy Graffiti Appears on Bardstown Road Panera
- GonzoFest Louisville Raises Funds for Hunter S. Thompson Statue
- 2013 Louisville Area Child Support Arrears List (Deadbeat Parents)
- Louisville Long-Term Bucket List
- Little Free Libraries Around Louisville
- Where to Go and What to Do in Louisville This Weekend (March 19 - 22)
- Where to Go and What to Do in Louisville This Weekend (March 26 – 29)
- Welcome NCAA Basketball Fans: Your Louisville Guide
- 15,000 people are headed to Louisville for the VEX Robotics Championship
- Review: Storm Large Wows The Mercury Ballroom


text:
Gymnastics: Lakers notch season-high score with top performances
It was an all-around good meet for the Detroit Lakes gymnastics team, which set a season-high 145.3 score in its win over visiting Park Rapids Saturday inside the Flyers Gymnastics facility.
Molly Lyngaas won all-around honors with a final tally of 36.85, while tying with teammate Jordyn Peterson for first on floor with a 9.45.
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&event=subscriber/lookup.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we can help you.


text:
Updates from the Literature
Article first published online: 15 MAY 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00181_1.x
© 2012 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives
Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health
Special Issue: SPECIAL CONTINUING EDUCATION ISSUE Gynecology, Part I
Volume 57, Issue 3, pages 300–301, May/June 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Bond, S. (2012), SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SHOWS CERTIFIED NURSE-MIDWIVES ARE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE. Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health, 57: 300–301. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00181_1.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 18 MAY 2012
- Article first published online: 15 MAY 2012
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Options for accessing this content:
- If you have access to this content through a society membership, please first log in to your society website.
- If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
- Login via other institutional login options http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/login-options.
- You can purchase online access to this Article for a 24-hour period (price varies by title)
- If you already have a Wiley Online Library or Wiley InterScience user account: login above and proceed to purchase the article.
- New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.
Login via OpenAthens
Search for your institution's name below to login via Shibboleth.
Registered Users please login:
- Access your saved publications, articles and searches
- Manage your email alerts, orders and subscriptions
- Change your contact information, including your password
Please register to:
- Save publications, articles and searches
- Get email alerts
- Get all the benefits mentioned below!
Patient Access
Patients and/or caregivers may access this content for use in relation to their own personal healthcare or that of a family member only. Terms and conditions will apply.


text:
Narrow down the 54 results:Map View
We have a range of budget places to stay in Colombo from as low as £6 per night
Based on previous Colombo accommodation searches, the average starting price is £35
Want to splurge? At the top end in Colombo, we have 12 places to stay with prices starting at £79
x The average starting price for a place to stay in Colombo is £35 per night.
231, Galle RoadExcellent 90%
46 Hospital Street Colombo 01Awesome 89%
No 15, Sellamuttu Avenue Between Galle Road & Marine DriveExcellent 90%
No. 30, Hyde Park CornerExcellent 90%
olgasrilanka I love this place and people who make this guest house very cousy and comfy :) great atmosphere and hospitality of the owners made my stay unforgettable! beach, great weather and nice people all over , highly recommend everyone to visit this goesthouse.
32 Alfred House AvenueGreat 80%
KKP4949 Had a very good stay at Mount Lavinia, and Priyani the landlady was was very helpful with all our needs. The only remark i would like to make for improvement would be that all rooms be upgraded to have hot water, very reasonable price , good location. Regards Kirit Parmar
59, Ananda Coomaraswamy MawathaGreat 80%
2 Sir Chittampalam A GardinerGreat 80%
billis Good breakfast, everything worked 300 yds from the beach across the railwayline 1/2 a mile from the station, 300 yds from the bus stop into Colombo or Galle the other way 1 1/2 miles from the zoo. Helpfull service can do washing. it is not like a european hotel but neither is the price, I will use it again.
No. 36-38, Clifford Place Colombo 4Great 80%
115, C. A. Gardiner MawathaGreat 80%
Create your own travel plan including Colombo as one of your stops. You can use it to store all your research (even hotels found on other websites!)
Do you have questions about Colombo? You might try asking in our active travel forums and see if anyone else has been there.
Keep your family and friends up to date with your trip by starting your own travel blog!


text:
(405): View more from Oklahoma
Tap Here to view the Mobile Optimized TFLN
You can't have hate sex in a hallway!!
Last night I apparently send my boss a picutre of my boobs. On the bonus part I got a raise today. So I just want to thank your parents for naming you Jeff cuz if I was not so hammered last night I would have sent it to the right one.
sexting loses it's worth when you accidentally text your boss.
Did the walk of shame past her kids. I'm younger than one of them.
Add "its too hot" to reasons why I don't get fucked anymore
He's still on the phone with him. This is unnatural. Dudes don't call other dudes just to talk.
I am spending my child support on dildos
I wish I had more reasons to start sentences with the phrase, "Here's the thing you've got to remember about cougars ...
We even fucked WHILE he was making me breakfast in bed.
Spotted: Pepto Bismol pink Scion with Ed Hardy sticker on front window, air freshener, and seat covers. Total Douchette Mobile.
Megan Fox is the only woman I would let pee on me.
Ok yeah you're right. I'd ASK Megan Fox to pee on me. I'd ALLOW Erin Andrews to pee on me if she asked.
I feel like death. And death is wearing a fleece blanket as a dress. And is seriously contemplating wearing this to go get something to eat.
I have a client coming in and there's a note that says she wants her hair to like Elisabeth Hasselback's from the view
Assholes at mcdonalds drive through wouldn't serve us last night even though we said we were on small motorcycles that were to small for them to see and weren't heavy enough for the sensors. We made noises and everything.
when im bored during the day i often think, what do people who dont get high do with their day.. i came to the conlcusion that everyone must be getting high


text:
Furthermore, I think Peter Loubardias should be fired.
Thursday, March 25, 2010
Sorry, Domebeer-aholics. No post today. Work got in the way. Fuck work, yeah, we hear you. We had planned to introduce a new feature, Legends Of Flames, but we don't want it to suck, so we aren't going to post a rushed job. A double post Friday? Maybe, not likely, but maybe. We will probably introduce it Monday. First up is Joe Nieuwendyk. Readers of this site may have an inkling as to where we are going with this. Fuck it, heres a taste:
Labels: Apologia
2 comments:
- AnonymousMarch 25, 2010 at 5:35 PM
Gay Post DomeBeers. Job?ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJanuary 11, 2015 at 11:07 PM
ugg ukReplyDelete
uggs outlet online
nike roshe run
ugg boots for women
cheap uggs uk
ugg boots on sale
uggs sale
cheap ugg boots uk
uggs outlet
ugg boots for cheap
ugg boots sale
chloe outlet
mbt shoes sale
ugg boots uk
ugg boots uk
ugg uk
cheap uggs
cheap ugg boots
ugg sale
barbour uk
ugg sale
uggs for cheap
louis vuitton handbags on sale
cheap ugg boots
north face outlet
pandora charms
nike shox clearance
cheap ugg boots
north face sale
cheap christian louboutin
ugg boots outlet online
ugg outlet store
salvatore ferragamo outlet
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
1959 MERCEDES BENZ 190SL W121 Color: DB180 Interior: Red leather This very strong 190SL is a great driver, with a very strong engine and transmission. It could... More
1955 Ford F100 Short Bed Stepside Pickup finished in light blue paint with a clean black interior. It is powered by a 239CI Power... More
1956 Chevrolet 3200 4x4 Stepside Pickup finished in Ermine white with a clean red interior. It is powered by a 400CI V8 engine... More
1959 BMW Isetta 600 Limo. Finished in Bavarian Blue paint with a clean Gray interior. This micro car is powered by an original style... More
Looking for a different outlaw speedster replica? Look no further. Aluminum throughout including wheel wells, 19 gallon racing fuel cell, engine compartment and all... More
Just in! 3.0 liter...5 speed... More
Sensational 1957 Corvette Convertible in Onyx Black on Beige. 283ci/245hp V8, dual 4bbl. Powerglide Trans, Wonderbar AM Radio. NCRS Second-Flight Award Winner in 2011.... More
1953 Ford Crestline Convertible. 350 V8 engine with an automatic transmission. This is a rock solid, rare old classic convertible that was restored a... More
WORLDWIDE VINTAGE AUTOS Â CALL OUR SALES TEAM AT 720 457 9145 MONDAY-FRIDAYÂ 10AM-6PM SATURDAY 10AM-4PM Â AS ONE... More
WORLDWIDE VINTAGE AUTOS CALL OUR SALES TEAM AT 720 457 9145 MONDAY-FRIDAY 10AM-6PM SATURDAY 10AM-4PM AS ONE... More
1957 Chevrolet Bel Air 2 Door Sport Coupe, America's fascination began with one of the most recognizable cars ever built, the 1957 Chevy Bel... More
Just arrived, a beautiful example of the highly desired Chevy five window 3100. Only about 2,800 miles since completed. Built in Florida, owner has some... More
Purchased in September 2010 at the Amos Minter Showroom in Texas by the current owner, this "D"-Bird has benefited from a frame-up restoration with... More
Good older resto, nice paint and nice redone int, good chrome and stainless www tires, new radiator, V8, rebuilt carb, chrome dress up kit,... More
this is a lovely 1950 Chevrolet 3100 5-Window finished in factory Forester Green, older frame-off restoration that is REALLY outstanding as this has been... More


text:
Top Stories time savers
Test Different Routes For Your Work Commute
Use A Four-Folder System To Prioritise All Your Paperwork
How To Streamline Your Household Cleaning
Cleaning the house is a necessary chore, but few people really love doing it. Still, like many chores, our perception of the hassle involved is often much worse than the reality. Here are some ways you can streamline the process of cleaning, make sure you have the tools on-hand when you need them, and never wonder what you should do next.
Roast A Whole Chicken In Half The Time With A Preheated Frying Pan
Make A Chocolate Cake In Five Minutes And Just One Bowl
Thread Needles Faster By Moving The Needle, Not The Thread
Threading a needle isn't horribly difficult, but it can be a pain if you don't do it regularly. The Art of Manliness has a time-saving tip that makes it much easier: Move the needle to the thread, not the thread to the eye of the needle.
Find Exactly What You Want In Windows 8.1 With Just A Few Letters
In Windows 7, once you knew the right word, or combination of words, to type into the search box of the Start Menu, it's pretty easy to track down the exact application you want to run without diving through a bunch of menus. It's possible to take this a step further in Windows 8.1, with a couple of letters taking you directly to what you want.
Don't Peel Oranges: Quickly Unroll Them In A Strip Instead
How Video Meetings Save Time
Preview Web Fonts Live With TypeWonder
With services such as Google Fonts making it simple to add more flavoursome type to your web designs, there are few reasons not to consign the likes of Tahoma and Arial to the "if all else fails" bin. What is bothersome is having to change a font and reload a page just to see what it looks like. That's where TypeWonder can save you time.


text:
VIENNA -- OMV confirmed the successful expansion of the Zola gas discovery with the drilling of the Bianchi-1 appraisal well, the company said.
Wireline logging and pressure testing in Bianchi-1 confirm the presence of multiple gas bearing sands having in total approximately 112 meters of net gas pay, OMV said.
Bianchi-1 is located in the WA-49-R joint venture license in the offshore Carnarvon Basin, 6.4 kilometers north-northeast of the Zola-1/ST1 gas discovery and in an area south of the giant Gorgon gas field.
The net gas pay figures above are based on the operator's initial analysis. Following completion of logging operations the well will be plugged and abandoned.
Dow Jones Newswires
Connect with World Oil
Sign-up for World Oil Daily News
All material subject to strictly enforced copyright laws Please read our Terms & Conditions, Cookies Policy and Privacy Policy before using the site.


text:
New day. New Daily Deals. Get them before they are gone!
Can't find what you're looking for? Shop all ink and toner cartridges by brand
New Customer ? Start Here.
New day. New Daily Deals. Get them before they are gone!
Item: 578497 Model: TEPT58007
Trend Enterprises Rhyming Match Me cards with colorful design have rounded corners for quick sorting. Cards measuring 3" x 5 7/8" come in a sturdy storage box that includes fun activities and games to challenge emerging skill levels.
|Education Subject Matter
|Reading Comprehension
|School Grade
Telling time pocket flash cards feature analog clocks showing time on the hour, quarter hour and half hour. Trend Enterprises® ...
Age group and grade: Ages 6 9 and grades 1st 3rd.Subject: U.S. money.Usage ideas: Photos of U.S coins and bills from 1¢ to $ ...
Trend Enterprises® Counting 0 25 pocket flash card is ideal for ages 3 7 and grades K 1st. Flash card are ideal for building ...
States and capitals pocket flash cards for grades 3 6 are ideal for showing each state in its regional context at school, at ...
Trend Enterprises® "Subtraction" Pocket flash card measuring 5 1/4" x 3 1/8" is ideal for learning new facts and practicing new ...
This Web site is intended for use by US residents only. See International Sites. See our delivery policy for full details. Copyright 1998-2014, Staples, Inc., All Rights Reserved.


text:
I heard this song from Ingrid Michaelson at Starbucks a few days ago. The build of emotion throughout the song is breathtaking. By the way, I'm not mad about missing her concert at Stubbs last Wednesday. I had no one to go with, plus I much prefer my living room and a Jambox over most venues in Austin these days. Don't fret though, I'll still buy tickets and stand in line for local artists who give a damn about the community.
Lightroom Developer Presets
Union Electric Light and Power Building
SXSW: The Beginning of the End
It's Saturday and while I'll be sad to finally be able to use a public restroom at my convenience, SXSW is ending! I'm at Spider House Cafe enjoying the weather and good music.
Time for a selfie.
Later on I stopped by the Driskill Bar to see Floozy, hailing from Albuquerque. I saw them here in November. Super talented and friendly!
Party Plants – LISTEN LOCAL
Make sure you're wearing your party PANTS though (RIGHT?)…
No, but really. I was half asleep in a hotel room last night, and I found these guys on bandcamp.com. Definitely made up for the hotel room.
Plus, I bet they aren't leaving Austin during SXSW.
Texas State Capitol
No small amount of spontaneous adventure. This will be an agile project. Thank you, Josh!
Big Gay Brunch
Waka Flocka Flame at Republic Live
The crowd was.. SMALL? I'm not sure anyone knew how to hide the embarrassment caused by the sudden domino effect of venues that Waka Flocka Flame went through in Austin just hours before he originally was scheduled at Infest. Good luck to Infest in the future, and thanks to Waka Flocka and his crew for sticking through the night! I think y'all ended up at Barcelona?
Pre-SXSW madness.
The Legend of Zedd
Zedd and Zelda? My world just imploded.
Changes Coming Soon!
First off, I want to say that I appreciate everyone that takes the time to read this blog and all the advice I've received over the last several months. Secondly, I'm totally slacking with new updates, but with good reason (I swear)! My old computer broke, the DAY AFTER New Year's Eve. Expect some better late than never updates very soon. :-)
I created this blog originally to troubleshoot issues with WordPress.com users when I worked with Automattic. Post Automattic, I picked up a camera and a few freelance web development contracts. Austin definitely surprised me. I really enjoy photography, and I wanted a cool way to show it off aside from Facebook or Twitter. Because here, I make the rules! ;-)
Since then, it's turned into my excuse of a photography portfolio. However, In February, hperkins.com will strictly be a personal blog, which may or may not resemble an episode of Shah's of Sunset or Downton Abby: The After School Special. All professional (definition pending) work will be appearing under a more suitable, brand-able name so I may continue eating food and paying rent.


text:
Latest epidemics Stories
Effort Aims to Educate Travelers about H1N1 ATLANTA, Nov. 19 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Every holiday season, millions of Americans travel through the nation's airports, seaports, and train stations to spend time with loved ones.
VENICE, Fla., Nov. 19 /PRNewswire/ -- SinoFresh Healthcare Products, Inc. announced today the successful results of its initial pilot animal study testing the efficacy of the SinoFresh Nasal Spray product when used on animals infected with the H1N1 ("swine flu") virus.
TUCSON, Ariz., Nov. 12 /PRNewswire/ -- Learning A-Z, a business unit of Voyager Learning Company (OTC: VLCY), announced today that it has made several of its K-6 leveled readers and other educational resources on the H1N1 "Swine Flu" available for free to the public.
ST. AUGUSTINE, Fla., Nov. 4 /PRNewswire/ -- According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), H1N1 - better known as the swine flu - was widespread in 48 states as of Oct. 18-24.
SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 2 /PRNewswire/ -- As concerns over the Swine Flu virus continue to mount across the country, an increasing number of schools may opt to take matters into their own hands, sending kids home to wait out what they perceive will be the peak of the flu pandemic.
NEW YORK, Nov. 2 /PRNewswire/ -- "Blah, blah, H1N1 blah," is what many kids hear when their parents try to teach them how to avoid getting H1N1, or the swine flu.
H1N1 testing data presented at Infectious Diseases Society of America conference.
An experimental drug cocktail that includes three prescriptions now widely available offers the best hope in developing a single agent to treat drug-resistant H1N1 swine flu, says a virology researcher in the University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB) Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
FARMINGTON HILLS, Mich., Oct.
President Obama has declared the swine flu outbreak a national emergency, allowing hospitals and local governments to speedily set up alternate sites for treatment and triage procedures if needed to handle any surge of patients.
Latest epidemics Reference Libraries
Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), caused by the dengue virus, is among the spectrum of acute febrile tropical disease and is transmitted by mosquitoes. Occurring mainly in the tropics it can be life threatening and is caused by four closely related virus stereotypes of the genus Flavivirus. It was identified and named in 1779. It has a nickname of "breakbone fever" due to it causing sever generalized bodyache. It tends to be more prevalent in the urban districts of its range...
- The governor of a province or people.


text:
Why Set & Save?
Just click "Add to Set & Save" when placing items in your cart.
Tangerine with Lemongrass
Retail price: $5.00
Vitacost price: $4.49
GrabGreen's All Purpose cleaner sprays evenly, cleans beautifully, removes grease and sticky stuff without the yucky residue. Formula is extra gentle on the planet, contains hard working cleaning ingredients and has never been tested on animals.
Vitacost price: $3.64
Vitacost price: $3.66
Vitacost price: $3.03
|Enter Shipping Zip Code:
|Please enter a valid zip code


text:
Two holiday dinners
In the summer of 1939 I had whooping cough so bad, my left lung collapsed.
It was decided to put me in the Edwin Shaw Sanitarium in my hometown of Akron, Ohio. No comments please, about it being called a sanitarium.
- Read more about Two holiday dinners
- Carolyn Cary's blog
- Log in or register to post comments


text:
User Reviews & Ratings - Sprintec (28) Oral
Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of Sprintec (28) Oral.
Overall User Ratings821 Total User Reviews
User Reviews
Learn about
User Reviews
Reviewer: 19-24 Female on Treatment for less than 1 month (Patient)
Ease of Use
This is my first time ever taking birth control. Whenever I took it the left side of my body would go numb for a few hours and I would always feel lethargic and getting out of my bed was a struggle. I am switching to another pill hopefully that will work.
Reviewer: starstrangled, 13-18 Female on Treatment for 2 to less than 5 years (Patient)
Ease of Use
I took Tri-Sprintec for three years (and have been with the same guy the whole time) and had absolutely no problems up until a few months ago. I have had literally no sex drive and nothing I do seems to help it. I got switched to Sprintec and after a month still nothing. I'm also thinking it may be contributing to my depression and mood swings. I'm afraid to switch to something else after ... Show Full Comment
Reviewer: jordanelkins0724, 19-24 Female on Treatment for 1 to 6 months (Patient)
Ease of Use
Nausea sometimes accompanied by vomiting, EXTREME MOODINESS for NO reason, dull cramps, acne, MAJOR INCREASE in appetite...virtually every symptom of pregnancy besides breast tenderness and sensitive smeller...I'm either pregnant making this pill ineffective (since I set an alarm and take it on the dot every 24 hours) or this pill makes you feel like you're in your first trimester
found this review helpful.
Was this review helpful? Yes | No
Reviewer: 25-34 Female on Treatment for 6 months to less than 1 year (Patient)
Ease of Use
I've been on Sprintec for awhile now and have had no problems with it. It's easy to remember to take the pill and I haven't experienced any side effects.
found this review helpful.
Was this review helpful? Yes | No
Reviewer: 19-24 Female on Treatment for 6 months to less than 1 year (Patient)
Ease of Use
Ask the pharmacist
Questions about medications? Get expert answers by video or live chat about allergies, pregnancy, sleep, and more.
See the Ask the Pharmacist event schedule.
Popular Slideshows & Tools on WebMD
WebMD the app
Get trusted health information. Whenever. Wherever... with your iPhone, iPad or Android.Find Out More
IMPORTANT: About This Section and Other User-Generated Content on WebMD
The opinions expressed in WebMD User-generated content areas like communities, reviews, ratings, or blogs are solely those of the User, who may or may not have medical or scientific training. These opinions do not represent the opinions of WebMD. User-generated content areas are not reviewed by a WebMD physician or any member of the WebMD editorial staff for accuracy, balance, objectivity, or any other reason except for compliance with our Terms and Conditions. Some of these opinions may contain information about treatment or uses of drug products that have not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. WebMD does not endorse any specific product, service, or treatment.
Do not consider WebMD User-generated content as medical advice. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified healthcare provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your care plan or treatment. WebMD understands that reading individual, real-life experiences can be a helpful resource but it is never a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified health care provider. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or dial 911 immediately.


text:
JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo both reported drops in applications for home loans in the first quarter. Analysts said a softening in demand for mortgages could lead to a further decline in interest rates as lenders compete for business. "Our guess is that mortgage origination levels and revenues will continue to come down," Wells Fargo Chief Financial Officer Tim Sloan said.
View Full Article in:Washington Post, The
Published in Briefs:


text:
Solution Needed: Light Fixture for Low Slanted Stairway Ceiling
Hi All,
We are in the process of a total home renovation. In the stairwell where the ceiling slants upward at the same slope as the stairs, I had the electrician install what I thought was a recessed light. I did this because I wanted a recessed lens-type light there where light would shine on the adjacent wall so I could make a mini family picture gallery. However, when it came time to install fixtures, I realized he had installed a place for a regular flush mount instead of a can light.
Of course, in order to redo this area he would need to cut through the drywall which has already been sanded, primed, and painted. So, I purchased a track light of sorts at Lowe's. It is a standard flush mount base with 3 track lights in a circle that I can adjust to point in various directions. I'd be OK with this fixture if not for two facts: 1. when descending the stairs into the light a person is bound to see stars in front of them for a while because the light shines directly into their face. 2) The look of this fixture is awkward and way out of sync with the rest of my lighting plan.
If anyone has a solution to the above, please let me know. I greatly appreciate any help you can provide.


text:
Tamara Karsavina in 'Le Spectre de la Rose'
7 of 31 portraits of Tamara Karsavina
© 2013 E.O. Hoppé Estate Collection / Curatorial Assistance Inc.
Tamara Karsavina in 'Le Spectre de la Rose'
by Emil Otto ('E.O.') Hoppé
photogravure, 1911
7 5/8 in. x 5 5/8 in. (193 mm x 143 mm) image size
Given by Terence Pepper, 2010
Photographs Collection
NPG x134199
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Tamara Karsavina (1885-1978), Ballet dancer. Sitter in 31 portraits.
Artistback to top
- Emil Otto ('E.O.') Hoppé (1878-1972), Photographer and writer. Artist associated with 178 portraits, Sitter in 2 portraits.
This portraitback to top
Le Spectre de la Rose was based on a poem by Théophile Gautier and featured Karsavina and Nijinsky, two of the most celebrated dancers of the time. Choreographed by Mikhail Fokine, the ballet told the story of a young girl, danced by Karsavina, who falls asleep in her bedroom after a ball. She dreams of dancing with a rose, played by Nijinsky, that she had been holding in her hand.
Linked displays and exhibitionsback to top
- Ballet in Focus (14 December 2010 - 24 July 2011)


text:
Web Data Scraping
Closed - This job posting has been filled and work has been completed.
Job Description
I am looking for someone who is proficient in web data scraping.
I am looking for the name, email address and URL/website of personal trainers in North America.
I require at least 25,000 contacts.
Looking for someone who can start immediately.
Please provide sample work of data scrapping you have done in the past.


text:
Who guessed this was coming?
Glen Darcy takes us through the new baby
The Nine Inch Nails synth guru gives us a look at his make noise rig
Richard Nichols shows us the new pieces
Copyright Sonic State Ltd © 1995-2015. All rights reserved.
Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without express written permission from Sonic State is prohibited.


text:
Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks Shah Sheetal Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA E-mail: sheetals at usc.edu Abstract Wireless ad hoc networks of sensor nodes are envisioned to be deployed in the physical environment to monitor a wide variety of real-world phenomena. Wireless sensor networks (WSN's) are becoming popular in military and civilian applications such as surveillance, monitoring, disaster recovery, home automation and many others. Almost any sensor network application requires some form of self-configuration and autonomic functionality. Following IBM's initiatives towards Autonomic computing many architectures and protocols for network self-organization and management have been proposed and being implemented. The paper presents concept of Autonomic Computing with respect to Wireless Sensor Network. The paper introduces Wireless sensor network basics, design goals and challenges along with current and future applications. It articulates basic needs of incorporating autonomic computing principles into the design of Wireless Sensor Networks. The paper also outlines recent contributions to Autonomic network architectures, research projects, proposed architectures and routing protocols for Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks. 1 Introduction Wireless sensor networks have critical applications in the scientific, medical, commercial, and military domains. Examples of these applications include environmental monitoring, smart homes and offices, surveillance, and intelligent transportation systems. It also has significant usages in biomedical field. As social reliance on wireless sensor network technology increases, we can expect the size and complexity of individual networks as well as the number of networks to increase dramatically. Wireless sensor networks are typically used in highly dynamic, and hostile environments with no human existence (unlike conventional data networks), and therefore, they must be tolerant to the failure and loss of connectivity of individual nodes. The sensor nodes should be intelligent to recover from failures with minimum human involvement. Networks should support process of autonomous formation of connectivity, addressing, and routing structures. Recent researches on Autonomic Networking can serve as basis for design of Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks. The paper introduces Autonomic computing and wireless sensor network concepts. Discusses how the fundamental properties of Autonomic computing comply with the basic design requirements for wireless sensor networks. Proposed protocols for Wireless Sensor Network and their applicability and suitability to Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks and required improvements. The paper gives brief overview of research projects and architectures for autonomic communication and networking which can be applied to WSNs. The last section focuses on the current and possible future applications of Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks. 2 Autonomic Computing– 2.1 Background The dramatic increase in computing devices, increased computing capacity and complexity combined with popularity of internet resulted in phenomenal growth in heterogeneous networks and network applications. With this increasing system complexity, network management issues and communication protocols are reaching a level beyond human ability to manage and secure so the stability of current infrastructure, systems, and data is at an increasingly greater risk to suffer outages and general disrepair. Future network algorithms need to be adaptive, robust, and scalable with fully distributed and self-organizing architectures. Automation, self-protection and self management of wide spread networks may solve the problem till some extent. As the concept of self management rooted up, the most direct inspiration one can think of was the autonomic function of the human central nervous system, where autonomic controls use motor neurons to send indirect messages to organs at a sub-conscious level. These messages regulate temperature, breathing, and heart rate without conscious thought. Observation and analysis of these complex adaptive systems found in nature became a major source of inspiration to design algorithms for self-managed, self-organized, self-configuring and self-protecting systems. Taking inspiration from autonomic nervous system of the human body IBM created a foundation for autonomic systems by taking initiatives towards Autonomic Computing for relieving humans from the burden of managing computer systems which is growing enormously till the extent of unmanageability. [01] 2.2 Autonomic System Autonomic System is a system which works independently on predefined policies and rules without any human interaction and manage and configure itself on its own based on predefined rules and gained knowledgs over the time. IBM has defined the following four functional areas for self management of Autonomic System: (Ref [03]) Self-Configuration: Automatic configuration of components. Self-Healing: Automatic discovery, and correction of faults. Self-Optimization: Automatic monitoring and control of resources to ensure the optimal functioning with respect to the defined requirements. Self-Protection: Proactive identification and protection from arbitrary attacks. 2.3 IBM Autonomic Computing architecture IBM Autonomic Computing Architecture [02] defines an abstract information framework for self-managing IT systems. In the information framework, an autonomic system is a collection of autonomic elements. Each autonomic element consists of an autonomic manager (AM) and the managed resource (MR). The communication between the AM and the MR is done through the MR"s management interfaces, which exposes two types of hooks, sensors and effectors. The sensors are used by the AM to obtain the internal state of the MR, and the effectors are used by the AM to change the behavior of the MR. The AM enables self-management of the resource using a ""monitoring, analysis, planning, and execution"" control loop, with supporting knowledge of the computing environment, management policies, and some other related considerations. Figure 1. Basic Autonomic Computing Reference Architecture (This is figure is taken from IBM Autonomic Computing architectural Blue Print [02]) The autonomic computing information model only provides the conceptual guidance on designing self-managed systems; in practice, the information model needs to be mapped to an implementable management and control architecture for Autonomic Networks. Specifically, measurement techniques, rule engines, planning methodologies, dynamic resource allocation techniques, security and management schemes need to be developed for autonomic elements, and a scalable management platform is required to coordinate the autonomic elements into a self- managing system. 3 Wireless Sensor Network - A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network that is made of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes which are densely deployed in an unattended environment with the capabilities of sensing, wireless communications and computations (i.e. collecting and disseminating environmental data). These spatially distributed autonomous devices cooperatively monitor physical and environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations. The basic archetecture of Wireless sensor Network is shown in Figure2. Figure 2. Basic Architecture Of Wireless Sensor Network. (Ref [04]) Each autonomic node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device, a processing unit which can be a small micro-controller, sensing unit, and an energy source, usually an alkaline battery. Sometimes, a mobilizer is needed to move sensor node from current position and carry out the assigned tasks. Since the sensor may be mobile, the base station may require accurate location of the node which is done by location finding system. The size of a single sensor node can vary from shoebox-sized nodes down to devices the size of grain of dust. [04] Figure 3. Components of a Sensor Node (Ref [04]) 3.1 Requirements and Design factors in Wireless Sensor Network– Following are some of the basic requirements and design factors of wireless sensor network which serve as guidelines for development of protocols and algorithms for WSN communication architecture. 1. Fault Tolerance, Adaptability and Reliability: Sensor networks are required to operate through adapting to the environmental changes that sensors monitor. The networks should be self-learning. Reliability is the ability to maintain the sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node failure. Sensor node may fail due to lack of energy, physical damage, communications problem, inactivity, or environmental interference. The network should be able to detect failure of a node and organize itself, reconfigure and recover from node failures without loosing any information. [05] 2. Power Consumption and Power management: One of the components of sensor nodes is the power source which can be a battery. The wireless sensor node being a microelectronic device, can only be equipped with a limited power source [04]. Over the remote inaccessible place with less human control and existence, power sources play critical role in survival of sensor nodes. Power source should be intelligently divided over sensing, computation, and communications phases as per requirement. Sensors can be hibernated when inactive. Lots of current researches are focusing on designing power-aware protocols and algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Recently, solar energy is also considered as an option for empowering remote sensor nodes which are exposed environment. 3. Network Efficiency and Data Aggregation: Flooding raw sensed data over the network can easily congest the network. Some critical applications like intruder detectors require urgent transmission and faster processing of data which may degrade performance and loose reliability due to congestion or latency in the network. Intelligent aggregation of sensed data and elimination of unwanted and redundant information and data compression can be a solution for efficient resource and energy utilization and congestion avoidance. Many algorithms like directed diffusion [06] are proposed to facilitate data aggregation and dissemination within the context of WSNs. 4. Intelligent Routing: In many applications, sensor nodes are moving nodes and can change place dynamically. Routing protocols must be adaptive to these changes and should be self- healing and self-configuring. The information should be persistent in spite of changes in network nodes. Low processing capacity of a node creates many challenges for routing packets throughout the neighbouring nodes intelligently. As discussed above, some applications may require a faster communication and instant response. Routing algorithms should be intelligent to choose minimum hop and minimum distance paths for data transfer. [07] 5. Management challenge – Managing the communication over heterogeneous networks is basic challenge in self-managed system because policies and communication protocols plan an important role in network communication. Also, it is necessary to balance the level of detail the network is providing to the client against the rate at which energy is being consumed while gathering the data. Clearly, it is preferable to have the network automatically do this tuning, rather than requiring manual intervention. These basic requirements and design goals serve as challenge for current technology. Though current IP routing protocol exist and have significant applications in current networks and Internet, they do not satisfy complete design requirements in Wireless sensor networks because WSN nodes typically has limited computing capacities and less power. So WSN"s require a different infrastructure and protocol stack which can be implemented using autonomic computing concept as we will discuss in next section. 4. Wireless Sensor Networks and Autonomic Computing - To clarify the contribution that autonomic computing can bring to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), let"s examine how WSN design requirements and operations can be tackled using autonomic principles. As discussed above, there can be sensor nodes which are moving and can change their position dynamically or even leave the network coverage area. Therefore, a pre-programmed configuration for the network will not work. Self-configuring nodes can set up network connections, evaluate if there are any gaps in the WSN and replace a moved or dead node in the network. Since sensors can be deployed in an unattended area (e.g., forest and ocean) or physically unreachable area (e.g., inside a building wall), they are required to operate with the minimum aid from base stations or human administrators. Although majority of current sensor application have already considered this in their network design, there is still a need for WSN to have the ability to reconfigure and recover itself without too much human intervene, especially in inaccessible environment. [04, 05] Sensor reading usually contains some noises; it may be a false positive due to malfunction of sensors. Sensors are required to collectively self-heal (i.e., detect and eliminate) false positives in their sensor readings instead of transmitting them to base stations. This can also reduce power consumption of sensors because data processing within the sensor incurs much less power consumption than data transmission does [10]. Sensor nodes are generally exposed to much harsher conditions than standard computing equipment, and are thus subject to energy depletion and incidental damage. Battery failure can result in lost sensor node. This leads to a gradual degradation of the network as individual nodes are lost. Network paths break and gaps appear in the coverage area. A WSN needs to adapt to the changes, recover from losses and be self-protected. This can be achieved by renegotiating network routes, monitoring voltage levels within sensor node, controlling each node by an agent or base station and upon failure activating redundant nodes to replace damaged ones, or by informing some higher-level entity which can provide assistance. As discussed in requirements, maximum efficiency needs to be gained from the available energy as the available energy at each sensor node is limited. Sensing, Processing and data transfer phases require lot of energy so each node should be able to sense process and transfer data intelligently hence self-optimization is an important trait for WSN protocols. Energy savings can be achieved by putting the nodes into a low power sleep mode, ready to be reactivated when the need arises. For example, sensors may decrease their duty cycles when there is no significant change in their sensor readings. This results in less power consumption in the sensors. Also, when neighboring sensors report environmental changes, a sensor may draw inference from the reports and increase its duty cycle to be more watchful for a potential local environmental change in the future. However, there exists a trade-off in that the computational cost of a globally-optimal solution such as this is often computationally intractable, whether by 8-bit nodes or 64-bit base-stations. All basic WSN self-management principles comply with the concept of autonomic computing. So IBM autonomic computing principles can be applied to wireless sensor networks to get the desired functionality in vastly growing sensor network applications. 5. Autonomic Wireless Sensor Network Management Architectures - As discussed in section 2.3, the basic Autonomic Computing model only provides the conceptual guidance on designing self-managed systems and needs to be mapped to an implementable management and control architecture for Autonomic Networks. An architecture for Autonomic communication and networking is an area of research lately and many architectures are proposed and being developed. All these architectures aim to produce an architectural design that enables flexible, dynamic and fully autonomic formation of large-scale networks in which the functionalities of each constituent network node are also composed in an autonomic fashion. Moreover, these architectures also support mobile nodes and multiple administrative domains so these can be applied to wireless sensor networks for achieving desired goals and meet above mention challenges. Following is the brief discussion of some visions for the design of an efficient management architecture for WSNs based on top of the basic autonomic computing architecture. 5.1. Service-Oriented Architecture Service-oriented architecture (SOA Ref [21]) is an approach to build distributed systems that deliver application functionality as services to end-user applications or to build other services. It decomposes the design of large complex application, and middleware architecture into various reusable services or function units. In SOA the service requester has no knowledge of the technical details of the provider"s implementation, such as the programming language, deployment platform, and so forth. The service requester typically invokes operations by way of messages -- a request message and the response -- rather than through the use of APIs or file formats. Thus, the application developers only need to concern the operational description of the service which allows software on each side of the conversation to change without impacting the other. So far, the implementation and design of SOA is mostly dependent on Web Services with standardized web technologies such as WSDL, OGSA. As a result, it is not directly applicable to all of those complex technologies on those resource-constrained sensor nodes. MANNA [19] has presented some initial ideas of using the concept of service semantics from SOA. Figure 4. Basic Model of MANNA Architecture (Ref [19]) In MANNA, all the management function units sit at the lowest level of management architecture. They are designed with specific implementation for individual objectives in consideration of unique features of WSN. A service, at the top layer, can use one or more of those management functions. Different services can share the same functions, but still concern each individual given aspect based on the polices and network state obtained from WSN models. The basic model of MANNA architecture is as shown in figure 4 (Ref [19]) Furthermore, SOA can specially deal with WSN unique aspects such heterogeneity, mobility and adaptation, and offers seamless management integration in the wireless environments. Although the special features of SOA are marvellous, there is still a large amount of research challenge needed to address before the concepts of SOA can be appropriately applied into WSNs. 5.2. Policy Based Architecture Policy-based management has presented its robust ability to support designing of self-adaptive decentralized management service in WSNs. Davy S. et al. [20] proposed an autonomic communications architecture that manages complexity through policy-based management by incorporating a shared information model integrated with knowledge-based reasoning mechanisms to provide self-governing behavior. The architecture is organized using four distinct architectural constructs i.e. Shared Information, Virtual Software, Infrastructure and Policy as shown in figure 5. Figure 5. Proposed Policy Based Autonomic Architecture (Ref [20]) The shared information over the network is managed through a virtual software which support autonomic functionality for different heterogeneous networks and components combined with network infrastructure which include network elements and other computing devices. All these three modules are governed by policy module. [20] This model is based on three important concepts of autonomic computing: (1) the sharing and reusing of common information and knowledge, (2) the application of machine learning and knowledge-based reasoning to guide the changes in behavior of the system, and (3) an extensible and flexible governance model that forms a closed control loop that learns from its decisions. Similarly, in MANNA [19], policies describe a set of desired behaviours of management components (e.g. manager and agent) for indicating the real-time operations. Based on polices, managers and agents can interact with each other in a cooperative fashion to achieve a desired overall management goal such as form groups of nodes, control network density, and keep the coverage of the WSN area. 6 Routing Protocols for Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks Now let"s analyze few well-known routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and their suitability, pros and cons for Autonomic WSN"s. 6.1 Flooding Flooding [24] is an old routing mechanism used in wireless networks that may also be used in Autonomic wireless sensor networks. In flooding, a node sends out the received data or the management packets to its neighbors by broadcasting or flooding, unless a maximum number of hops for that packet are reached or the destination of the packets is arrived. This method guarantees the delivery of the packet to the destination. However; there are some deficiencies and disadvantages of flooding technique [24]: - Implosion of Data packets: Flooding may cause the Implosion effect for data packets and also for ACK packets if used any. One packet takes multiple routes and multiple hosts can deliver the same packet to destination. Destination has to implement a separate mechanism for duplicate suppression also lot of bandwidth and resources are wasted in transmitting same packet through multiple hosts so this technique may not be suitable for large Wireless sensor networks. - Overlap: if two sensor nodes cover an overlapping measuring region, both of them will sense/detect the same data. As a result, their neighbor nodes will receive duplicated data or messages. Overlapping is a function of both the network topology and the mapping of sensed data to sensor nodes. - Resource utilization: In flooding, nodes do not take into account the amount of energy resource available to them at a given time. An Autonomic WSN protocol must be energy resource-aware and adapts its sensing, communication and computation to the state of its energy. 6.2 Gossiping Gossiping protocol is an alternative to flooding mechanism. In Gossiping [25], nodes forward incoming packets to a randomly selected neighbor node. Once a gossiping node receives the messages, it forwards the data back to that neighbor or to another one randomly selected neighbor node and in this way route from source to destination is created. This technique assists in energy conservation by randomization. Although, gossiping can solve the implosion problem, it can not avoid the overlapping problem. On the other hand; gossiping distribute information slowly, this means it consumes energy at a slow rate, but the cost is long-time propagation is needed to send messages to all sensor nodes so it may not be the best suitable technique for Autonomic Wireless Sensor networks. 6.3 SPIN Kulik et al. proposed a family of adaptive protocols for WSNs, called SPIN (Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation) [26]. Their design goal is to avoid the drawbacks of flooding protocols by utilizing data negotiation and resource-adaptive algorithms. Nodes running a SPIN communication protocol name their data using high-level data descriptors, called meta-data. They use meta-data negotiations to eliminate the transmission of redundant data throughout the network. In addition, SPIN nodes can base their communication decisions both upon application- specific knowledge of the data and upon knowledge of the resources that are available to them. This efficient distribution of data by sensors with limited energy supply complies with the Autonomic Sensor network requirements and can be very effective under small networks. SPIN is designed based on two basic ideas; (1) to operate efficiently and to conserve energy by sending metadata (i.e., sending data about sensor data instead of sending the whole data that sensor nodes already have or need to obtain), and (2) nodes in a network must be aware of changes in their own energy resources and adapt to these changes to extend the operating lifetime of the system. SPIN has three types of messages, namely, ADV, REQ, and DATA. - ADV: when a node has data to send, it advertises via broadcasting this message containing meta-data (i.e., descriptor) to all nodes in the network. - REQ: an interested node sends this message when it wishes to receive some data. - DATA: Data message contains the actual sensor data along with meta-data header. SPIN is a data-centric routing protocol where the sensor nodes send ADV message via broadcasting for the data they have and wait for REQ messages from interested sinks or nodes. SPIN has some advantages in solving the problems associated with classic flooding protocols, and adaptive to topological changes, it has its own drawbacks like; (1) SPIN is not scalable, (2) if the sink is interested in too many events, this could make the sensor nodes around it deplete their energy, and (3) SPIN's data advertisement technique can not guarantee the delivery of data if the interested nodes are far away from the source node and the nodes in between are not interested in that data. 6.4 Directed Diffusion Directed diffusion [27] is most effective data dissemination and aggregation protocol. It is a data-centric and application aware routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. It aims at naming all data generated by sensor nodes by attribute-value pairs. Directed diffusion consists of several elements; first of all, naming; where task descriptors, sent out by the sink or Data receiver, are named by assigning attribute-value pairs. Secondly, interests and gradients; the named task description constitutes an interest that contains timestamp field and several gradient fields. Each leaf node and intermediate nodes store the interest in their interest cache. As the interests propagate throughout the network, the gradients from the source back to the sink are set up. Thirdly, data propagation, when the source has data for the interest, it sends out the data to the interest (i.e., sink) along the interest's gradient path which can be chosen as the shortest hop path or shortest time path derived from the request packet. Fourthly, after the interest (sink) starts receiving low rate data events, it reinforce one particular neighbor to draw down higher quality (higher data rate) events. This feature of directed diffusion is achieved by data-driven local rules. Directed diffusion assists in saving sensors' energy by selecting good paths by caching and processing data in-network since each node has the ability for performing data aggregation and caching. On the other hand; Directed diffusion has its limitations such as; implementing data aggregation requires deployment of synchronization techniques which is not realizable in WSNs. Also, the overhead in data aggregation involves recording information. These two drawbacks may contribute to the cost of sensor node hence cost is the tradeoff for performance in Directed diffusion technique, which may be acceptable for some autonomic wireless sensor networks. 6.5 LEACH LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) [28] is a self-organizing, adaptive clustering-based protocol that uses randomized rotation of cluster-heads to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensor nodes in the network. LEACH based on two basic assumptions: (a) base station is fixed and located far away from the sensors, and (b) all nodes in the network are homogeneous and energy-constrained. The idea behind LEACH is to form clusters of the sensor nodes depending on the received signal strength and use local cluster heads as routers to route data to the base station. The key features of LEACH are: - Localized coordination and control for cluster set-up and operation. - Randomized rotation of the cluster "base stations" or "cluster heads" and the corresponding clusters. - Local compression to reduce global communication. In LEACH, the operation is separated into fixed-length rounds, where each round starts with a setup phase followed by a steady-state phase. The duration of a round is determined priori. Although, LEACH has shown good features to sensor networks, it suffers from the following drawbacks: - It can not be applied to time-constrained application as it results in a long latency. - The nodes on the route a hot spot to the sink could drain their power fast. This problem is known as "hot spot" problem. - The number of clusters may not be fixed every round. - It can not be applied to large sensor networks. Therefore, for Autonomic wireless sensor networks with stable and fixed homogeneous nodes the LEACH protocol will give good performance. For a Autonomic Sensor Network with stationary, battery powered nodes it would be effective to use clustered based protocol like LEACH, the most obvious reason is, its advantages such as reduced control messages, bandwidth reusability, enhanced resource allocation, improved power control and lest wastage of energy. 6.6 PEGASIS PEGASIS (Power-Efficient GAthering in Sensor Information Systems) is a greedy chain-based power efficient algorithm [29]. PEGASIS is based on two ideas i.e. Chaining, and Data Fusion. It uses same technique as LEACH (the scenario and the radio model in PEGASIS are the same as in LEACH). In PEGASIS, each node can take turn of being a leader of the chain, where the chain can be constructed using greedy algorithms that are deployed by the sensor nodes. PEGASIS assumes that sensor nodes have a global knowledge of the network, nodes are stationary (no movement of sensor nodes), and nodes have location information about all other nodes. PEGASIS performs data fusion except the end nodes in the chain. PEGASIS outperforms LEACH by eliminating the overhead of dynamic cluster formation, minimizing the sum of distances that non leader-nodes must transmit, limiting the number of transmissions and receives among all nodes, and using only one transmission to the Base Station per round. As it is similar as LEACH protocol, PEGASIS also suffers from same problems as LEACH. Additionally, PEGASIS does not scale, so can not be applied to sensor network where global knowledge of the network is not easy to get. 6.7 GEAR GEAR (Geographical and Energy Aware Routing) [30] is a recursive data dissemination protocol for WSNs. It uses energy aware and geographically informed neighbor selection heuristics to route a packet to the targeted region. Within that region, it uses a recursive a geographic informed mechanism to disseminate the packet. GEAR, like other sensor networks protocols, developed according to some assumptions in mind: - Sensor nodes are static (i.e., immobile). - There is an existence of a localization system that enables each node to know its current position. - Sensor nodes are energy-constrained accompanied with location information about all other nodes (i.e., each node knows its location and its energy level, and its neighbor's location and remaining energy level. - The link that connects nodes is bi-directional. GEAR has two phases: (1) forwarding the packets toward the targeted region, and (2) forwarding the packets within the targeted region R. Although GEAR reduces the energy consumption for the route set up. It is not scalable and does not support data diffusion. Based on the analysis, compatibility survey of the existing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, we can conclude that some of the protocols can more or less be applied for routing in Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks with few modifications depending upon the network structure and functionality. Overall, there are some key features, an efficient routing protocol for Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks should have are: [31] - Data Aggregation: Reducing the data size quickly using computation will play a key role in supporting efficient query processing, and reducing the overall network overhead. Hence saving the power. - Dynamic clustering: Dynamic clustering architecture is very important because such architecture will preclude cluster heads from depleting their energy quickly. Hence, long network's lifetime. - Threshold for sensor nodes on data transmission and dissemination: this will help in saving energy by reducing unnecessary transmissions (i.e., redundancy) and giving the network long lifetime. - Randomized path selection: multi-path selection to destination could improve fault tolerance and handle the overhead of network load. - Mobility: most of the current protocols assume that sensor nodes are static (i.e., immobile). However, for some applications, nodes need to be mobile. Hence, new routing algorithms are needed to handle the mobility and network topology changes. - Self-configuration: since sensor nodes are prone to failure due to some factors or new sensor nodes may join the network, an update, self-configuration, self-healing, and adaptation to changes in network topology or environmental changes should be considered. - Security: there is a desperate need to develop distributed security approaches for wireless sensor network. Hence, achieving secure routing. - Quality-of-Service, dependability, and localization need to be considered and given more attention. - Time synchronization. 7. Brief Overview of research projects on Autonomic Networks– Here is a brief overview of the current research projects based on Architecture for Autonomic Network communication and Self-Management which will serve as guidelines for Autonomic WSN"s and will bring revolution to WSN"s and its applications. 7.1. Bison BISON was a three-year project funded by the European Commission. BISON aimed confronting the complexity explosion problem by building robust Network Information Systems that are self-organizing and self-repairing. BISON developed techniques and tools for building robust, self-organizing and adaptive Network Information System as ensembles of autonomous agents by drawing inspiration from biological processes and mechanisms like ant colonies for routing in overlay networks using swarm intelligence, lifecycle of Dictyostelium for load balancing, epidemics for aggregation and immune system for search. BISON explored the use of ideas derived from complex adaptive systems (CAS) to enable the construction of robust and self-organizing information systems for deployment in highly dynamic network environments. The project proposed solutions to important problems arising in overlay networks and mobile ad-hoc networks by developing algorithms for routing in mobile ad-hoc networks, topology control in sensor networks along with data aggregation and content search algorithms for peer to peer networks. [11] 7.2. ANA (Autonomic Network Architecture) ANA framework is built on the objective to provide an architectural framework that allows the accommodation of and communication between various networks, ranging from small scale Personal Area Networks, through (Mobile) Ad hoc Networks and special purpose networks such as Sensor Networks, to global scale networks, in particular the Internet. ANA framework specifies how networks interact. ANA introduces the core concept of "network compartments." The compartment abstraction allows atomization or decomposition of communication systems and networks into smaller and more easily manageable units. For example, compartments will allow decomposition of today"s global IP network into appropriate sub-networks, which can be managed more autonomously from the overall network (e.g., a different addressing or routing scheme can be applied inside each compartment). [14] Figure 6. ANA Framework and Network compartments (Ref [14]) A (network) compartment implements the operational rules and administrative policies for a given communication context. Compartments typically perform functions like registration and degradation, policy enforcement, identifier management and resolution and Routing. [14] Addressing and naming are left to compartments. The main advantages of this approach are: No need to impose a unique way to resolve names and manage a unique global addressing scheme. It is open to future addressing and naming schemes. 7.3. Haggle Haggle is a new autonomic networking architecture designed to enable communication in the presence of intermittent network connectivity, which exploits autonomic opportunistic communications (i.e., in the absence of end-to-end communication infrastructures). Haggle node architecture takes inspiration from human communication model. [15] The main components of Haggle are: A revolutionary paradigm for autonomic communication, based on advanced local forwarding and sensitive to realistic human mobility A simple and powerful architecture oriented to opportunistic message relaying, and based on privacy, authentication, trust and advanced data handling An open environment for the easy proliferation of applications and services. 7.4. CASCADAS CASCADAS (Component-ware for Autonomic Situation-aware Communications, and Dynamically Adaptable Services) is an ongoing project like ANA and Haggle. The overall goal of CASCADAS is identifying, developing, and evaluating architectures and solutions based on a general-purpose component model for autonomic communication services; specifically in such context autonomic service components autonomously achieve self- organization and self-adaptation towards the provision of adaptive and situated communication- intensive services. CASACDAS approach is based on four key scientific principles i.e. situation awareness, semantic self organization, self similarity and Autonomic component awareness around which the future communication services infrastructures should be designed and built. [16] 8. Applications & future work – The applications for WSNs are many and varied. They are used in commercial and industrial applications to monitor data that would be difficult or expensive to monitor using wired sensors. Typical applications of WSNs include monitoring, tracking, and controlling. Some of the specific applications are habitat monitoring, object tracking, nuclear reactor controlling, fire detection, traffic monitoring and so on. 1. Wireless sensor networks are currently being used for intrusion detection by forming a perimeter around a secure area and monitoring the progression of intruders (passing information from one node to the next). WSN"s could be further deployed in Military applications such as hostile tracking and surveillance, spy monitoring. 2. Other major current application of WSN include environment monitoring and applications such as animal tracking, flood detection and weather prediction and forecasting and commercial applications like seismic activities monitoring and prediction. Many weather forecasting websites use WSN technology for retrieving weather details in remote inhibited areas. [23] 3. Significant amount of the technology and applications are already in existence for monitoring activities in home along with intrusion detection by equipping a home with a suitable sensor- laden infrastructure. 4. WSN"s are used widely in automation and control and Artificial intelligence applications like Robotics. 5 Sensor networks are increasingly being used in Health applications for monitoring changes in patient"s health, behaviour and heart rate. By continuously monitoring the progressive disease, opportunities for actively intervening to aid the patient may be identified. The Ambient Assisted living technologies are in existence, which use WSN elements to assist the patient. Resent research project at Wayne State University and the Kresge Eye Institute developed artificial retina using Wireless Biomedical sensors. The project aimed to build a chronically implanted artificial retina with sufficient visual functionality to allow persons without vision or with limited vision to "see" at an acceptable level. [17] Moreover, this Wireless biomedical sensor technology can be effectively used to treat diabetes, by providing a more consistent, accurate, and less invasive method for monitoring glucose levels. Currently, to monitor blood glucose levels, a lancet is used to prick a finger; a drop of blood is placed on a test strip, which is analyzed either manually or electronically. This constant pricking several times a day over a period of years can damage the tissue and blood vessels in that area. As proposed by Schwiebert et al. [17], Wireless biomedical sensors could be implanted in the patient once. The sensor would monitor the glucose levels and transmit the results to a wristwatch display. Wireless biomedical sensors may play a key role in early detection of Cancer. As discussed in [17], cancer cells exude nitric oxide, which affects the blood flow in the area surrounding a tumor. A sensor with the ability to detect these changes in the blood flow can be placed in suspect locations. It is likely that any abnormalities could be detected much sooner with the sensors than without. RFID, video and various kinds of embedded sensors can be used to track and monitor the patient in their everyday activities. This information can be processed and relayed to medical personnel. Patient's routine can be assembled over the period of time and deviations from this may be recognized and analyzed. 9. Conclusion – Wireless Sensor Network technology offers significant potential in numerous application domains. Given the diverse nature of these domains, it is essential that WSNs perform in a reliable and robust fashion. I believe, wireless sensor network has proved its usage in the future distributed computing environment. However, there are significant amount of technical challenges and design issues those needs to be addressed. One of the biggest challenges is the designing of efficient network management architecture to continuously support WSNs for providing services for various sensor applications. The unique features of WSNs make the design and implementation of such management architecture different enough from the traditional networks which can be satisfied by concept of Autonomic Computing. There is still no particular generic network management architecture so taking inspiration from IBMs Autonomic Computing concept and Biological neural network system many different research projects are currently being executed. In this paper, we discussed concepts of Autonomic computing, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN"s). Design criteria for WSN and how it matches basic Autonomic principles. Then we overviewed few architectures and routing protocols suitable for WSN and ongoing research work of Autonomic communication and network management architectures which can be applied to WSNs. Finally, we summarized some of the WSN applications along with future usages. References – [01] P. Horn, "Autonomic Computing: IBMs Perspective on the State of Information Technology", Oct. 2001. Available from the World Wide Web (WWW): http://www.research.ibm.com/autonomic/ [02] IBM and autonomic computing, "An architectural blueprint for autonomic computing," April 2003. Available from the WWW: http://www- 03.ibm.com/autonomic/pdfs/ACwpFinal.pdf [03] Kephart J, and Chess D, "The Vision of Autonomic Computing" Computer Magazine, IEEE, 2003. Available from WWW: http://www.research.ibm.com/autonomic/research/papers/AC_Vision_Computer_Jan_2003.p df [04] I. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "A survey on Sensor Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, Issue: 8, pp. 102-114, August 2002. Available from WWW: http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/akyildiz02survey.html [05] Yu Mengjie, Mokhtar H., Merabti M., "A Survey of Network Management Architecture in Wireless Sensor Network" Available from WWW: www.cms.livjm.ac.uk/senman/Papers/2006-093.pdf [06] C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, and F. Silva, "Directed Diffusion for Wireless Sensor Networking," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 11, pp. 2-16, Feb. 2003. Available from WWW: http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/intanagonwiwat00directed.html [07] O'Hare G.M.P., O'Grady M.J., D. Marsh, Ruzzelli A. G. and Tynan R. "Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks: Intelligent. Ubiquitous Sensing" Available from WWW: www.cs.ucd.ie/csprism/publications/pub2006/ANIPLA06.pdf [08] D. Marsh, R. Tynan, D. O"Kane and G. M. P. O"Hare, "Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks," Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol 17-7, pp. 741-748, October 2004. Available from WWW: http://tinyoside.ucd.ie/publications/retrieve.php?publication=tynanAutonomic05.pdf [09] Yu Cheng et al., "A generic architecture for autonomic service and network management", Computer Communications (2006), doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.06.017. Available from WWW: http://www.ece.iit.edu/~yucheng/YCheng_CompCom.pdf [10] P. Boonma, P. Champrasert and J. Suzuki, "BiSNET: A Biologically-Inspired Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks," In Proc. of the 2nd IEEE/IARIA International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (IEEE/IARIA ICAS), Santa Clara, CA, July 2006. Available from WWW: http://www.cs.umb.edu/~jxs/pub/icas-bisnet.pdf [11] BISON: Biology-Inspired techniques for Self-Organization in dynamic Networks Project. http://www.cs.unibo.it/bison/index.shtml [12] Shen C, Pesch D, Irvine J.,"A Framework for Self-Management of Hybrid Wireless Networks Using Autonomic Computing Principles" In proceedings of the 3rd Annual Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (CNSR'05) - Volume 00. Available from WWW: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1068503.1068711&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID= 9467744&CFTOKEN=44832813 [13] Colan, M. Service-Oriented Architecture expands the vision of Web services, Part 1. June, 2004 [14] ANA: Autonomic Network Architecture Project. http://www.ana-project.org/ [15] Haggle Project. http://www.haggleproject.org [16] CASCADAS project. http://www.cascadas-project.org [17] Schwiebert L., Gupta S., Weinmann J., "Research Challenges in Wireless Networks of Biomedical Sensors" in proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking. Available from WWW: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=381692 [18] Autonomic Computing Wiki. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_computing [19] Linnyer Beatrys Ruiz, J.M.S.N., Antonio A.F. Loureiro, "MANNA: A Management Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks." IEEE Communications Magazine, 2003. 41(2): p. 116-125. Available from WWW: http://www.lisha.ufsc.br/~lucas/docs/Ruiz-2003.pdf [20] Davy S. et al. "Policy-Based Architecture to Enable Autonomic Communications". Available from WWW: http://techpubs.motorola.com/download/IPCOM000141400D/IPCOM000141400D.pdf [21] Colan, M. Service-Oriented Architecture expands the vision of Web services, Part 1. June, 2004 Available from WWW: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws- soaintro.html [22] Gianni A., Di Caro, Frederick Ducatelle, Luca M. Gambardella, "BISON: Biology-Inspired techniques for Self-Organization in dynamic Networks" Available from WWW: http://www.idsia.ch/~frederick/bison.pdf [23] Wireless Sensor Networks Wiki. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network [24] W. R. Heinzelman, J. Kulik, and H. Balakrishnan, "Adaptive Protocols for Information Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks," in proc. ACM MobiCom '99, Seattle, WA, 1999. Available from WWW: http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/labs/danss/sensor/sensors/kulik_99adaptiveprotocols.pdf [25] S. M. Hedetniemi, S. H. Hedetniemi, and A. Liestman, "A Survey of Gossiping and Broadcasting in Communication Networks," Networks, vol. 18, 1988. [26] J. Kulik, W. R. Heinzelman, and H. Balakrishnan, "Negotiation base protocols for Disseminating Information in Wireless Sensor Networks," Wireless Networks, vol. 8, pp. 169-185, 2002. Available from WWW: http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/kulik99negotiationbased.html [27] C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, and F. Silva, "Directed Diffusion for Wireless Sensor Networking," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 11, pp. 2-16, Feb. 2003. Available from WWW: http://www.isi.edu/~johnh/PAPERS/Intanagonwiwat03a.pdf [28] W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, "Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Micro-Sensor Networks," in Proc. of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conf. on System Sciences, pp. 3005- 3014, 2000. Available from WWW: http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/decouto/papers/heinzelman00.pdf [29] S. Lindsey, C. S. Raghavendra, "PEGASIS: Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems," presented at Proc. of IEEE Aerospace Conference, Montana, 2002. Available from WWW: http://ceng.usc.edu/~raghu/pegasisrev.pdf [30] Y. Yu, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, "Geographical and Energy Aware Routing: A Recursive Data Dissemination Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks," UCLA Computer Science Department UCLA-CSD TR-01-0023, May, 2001. Available from WWW: http://www.parc.com/zhao/stanford-cs428/readings/Networking/Estrin_geo-routing01.pdf [31] Al-Obaisat Y, Braun R "On Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Applications, and Management" Auswireless Conference 2006. Available from WWW: http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2100/160/2/59_Al-Obaisat.pdf
Pages to are hidden for
"Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks"Please download to view full document


text:
The final report ERA14LA146 was released last month for the incredible collision between an aircraft and a parachutist with only minor injuries (and a totalled Cessna) as a result.
The accident happened at South Lakeland Airport in Florida on the 8th of March 2014. It was a clear day, blue skies and a light 3-5 knot wind. South Lakeland Airport is an uncontrolled grass strip at the edge of Lakeland's Class D airspace.
The pilot was an 87-year-old WWII veteran who has been flying all his life. He was flying in the circuit and had done three touch-and-go landings on runway 32: touching down on the runway to immediately take off and go again. He was aware that skydiving operations were in progress.
While he was flying, another aircraft with a group of parachutists had departed South Lakeland Airport and climbed to jump altitude. The skydiver in question was the 4th skydiver to jump. He deployed his parachute and manoeuvred to be parallel to the runway. He was watching another skydiver at about the same altitude and then initiated a left-turn so that he would land into the wind. His approach path crossed the approach end of runway 32.
Meanwhile, the pilot called out that his next approach would be for a full-stop landing; he was finished practising for the day.
Robert Goyer of FLYING knows the airfield and wrote about it a few days after the accident.
Insight: Parachute-Cessna 170 Midair Collision | Flying Magazine
The airport is pretty small, and there's a two-lane highway immediately to the east lined by power lines, which you can see in the photographs. There are tall trees at the departure end of the runway, but with more than 3,000 feet of available runway, the power lines are the greater hazard until after you've climbed out initially. On approach to Runway 32, there are high tension lines. It feels as though you're descending into a funnel with only one place to go. On approach to Runway 32, where the Cessna was doing touch and goes, you can go missed in a emergency by executing a right turn over the airport grounds. Otherwise, once you're as low as the Cessna was and already rotating for a touch and go, the options are even more limited.
What's clear is that neither of them had seen the other and both were on their final approaches without any awareness of a conflict.
The Cessna 170 was on short final coming in to land as the skydiver glided across the runway. They were 75 feet above the ground when the pilot saw the skydiver.
"A parachutist dropped down in front of me and was going to land in the center of the approach end of the runway."
Tim Telford was taking photographs of the skydiver as he was about to touch down and he couldn't believe what he saw.
The pilot immediately climbed in a desperate attempt to avoid the man who had effectively dropped into his view. However, he wasn't able to climb over the parachute and his right wing caught the parachute's suspension lines.
The Cessna pitched up and then down. The skydiver was pulled up into the air like a marionette and then dropped to the ground as the nose of the plane sliced through the strings of his parachute. The aircraft crashed nose-first into the runway.
Unbelievably, both the pilot and the skydiver suffered only minor injuries. They were taken to hospital immediately but suffered only bruises, no broken bones.
The Cessna 170, on the other hand, was a write-off.
The NTSB report categorised the accident as a "collision with terrain/object (non-CFIT)" and "Uncontrolled descent" which I suppose is the closest they have for a mid-air collision of man and plane.
The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident as follows:
The failure of the pilot and the parachutist to see and avoid each other, which resulted in the airplane's wing colliding with the parachute's suspension lines.
The point is that both the pilot and the skydiver were responsibile to "see and avoid" the other traffic in the circuit. The fact that neither of them had a clue that the other one was there means that they were both at fault for the resulting collision.
I'm lucky enough to have never flown into an airfield at the same time as parachutists were dropping. I've been a passenger, though, and it's a case of constant looking out and making sure that you know where the jumpers are and that there's no chance of getting close to them.
Insight: Parachute-Cessna 170 Midair Collision | Flying Magazine
Even if the high wing of the 170 hadn't blocked the vision of the pilot — and who looks for parachute traffic on rotation? — there was probably not enough time to get stopped without there being a collision. The pilot, likewise, was surely busy on the arrival over trees and power lines before setting up for the touch and go.
The parachutist likely had few options as well. New chutes are fairly maneuverable compared to old fashioned models, but there's only so much a chutist could do under the circumstances, especially since he'd just cleared power lines behind him.
It does seem a bit unfair to the pilot, as the skydiver was out of his drop zone and should not have been landing on the active runway. I just think that on short final, you can't really expect to see someone coming dropping down onto you from above. Your attention is ahead of you, gauging the touchdown point and ensuring that the runway is free of obstructions; I don't think it would occur to me to be looking up!
The good news is that both pilot and skydiver were fine and said they planned to continue their hobbies despite the scare.
And Tim Telford got the photographs of his life!