text:
Yukon Fitness Commercial Extension Flat Hyperextension Bench
Special Offer:
24 Issues of Better Homes and Gardens
Included with your purchase - a $10 value (Subscription and Rebate Info)
Yukon Fitness Commercial Extension Flat Hyperextension Bench
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Hyperextension bench
|Angles Accommodated: Flat
|Commercial Use: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: China
About the ManufacturerLook closely at the construction and design of Yukon Fitness Equipment and compare it to any other brand of home fitness equipment. Yukon Fitness believes you will see the care and pride their craftsmen build into each machine. Each of their products is designed to be the most stable, durable, and effective in helping you to reach your personal fitness goals.
Yukon Fitness Commercial Extension Flat Hyperextension Bench
Still have questions about this product? We're here to help
Customer Reviews
Tell us what you think!
Tell us what you think about this product. It will help us provide you with better products in the future and help your fellow shoppers make better purchases.Write the first review
OUR SKU # YKF1097Commercial Extension Flat Hyperextension Bench is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: COM-HYP


text:
DHTMLPlus is a HTML Template Framework built for nodeJS. It supports Azure and Standalone sites. It is designed to support as many websites as you need on a single listener.
DHTMLPlus is an HTML Template Framework built for nodeJS, It has support for Azure. It is designed to help Web Developers build websites quickly and intergrate nodeJS at thier own pace.
DHTMLPlus uses HTML pages as templates and JSON files for content. Cheerio is used to merge in data and content serverside. Templates and content are stored seperate from the base code in Azure Blob Storage or local dir. This allows one code base to support unlimited sites.
Guides / How-to's
DHTMLPlus.node wiki Guides and detailed help topics.
npm install dhtmlplus
Real World Example This is my Git Project I use with Azure to support 20 sites. Uses both local and Azure.
Development Setup
In your code folder, create a file called local.js
exports.devKeys = { "AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT": "name here", "AZURE_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY":"key value here", "port": 80, "useCloudData": false, "useCluster": true};/* settings for video streaming */exports.video = { settings: { "AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT": "name here", "AZURE_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY":"key value here", tmdbApiKey: "key value here", template : { PartitionKey : "movie", RowKey: 0, update: false, own: false, MyDb: "0", TMDb: 0, IMDb: "", popularity: 0, adult: false, name: "", nameSort: "", type: "", overview: "", rating: "", certification: "", url: "", released: "", runtime: "", homepage: "", poster: "/images/no-poster.jpg", backdrop: "", tagline: "", collection: {}, categories: {}, keywords: {}, cast: {}, backdrops: {}, filePath: "", virtualPath: "", file: "" } }, transcode: { "mp4": "mp4", "avi": "webm", "mkv": "webm", "mkv": "webm", "m4v": "webm" }, paths: { "movies": "M:/Movies", "movies-3d": "M:/Movies-3D" }, pathTypes: { "movies": "movie", "movies-3d": "movie-3D" }};
In your code folder, modify config.js for your environments
exports.config = { "LOCAL": { endpoint: { "azurewebsites.net": { subDomain: "hasissues", port: 80 }, "hasissues.com": { subDomain: "preview", port: 80 }, "sneakerz.com": { subDomain: "www", port: 80 } }, redirect: { "sneakerz.com": { subDomain: "", subDomainPort: 80, directTo: "www", directToPort: 80 } } }, "AZURE": { endpoint: { "azurewebsites.net": { subDomain: "hasissues", port: 80 }, "hasissues.com": { subDomain: "www", port: 80 } }, redirect: { "hasissues.com": { subDomain: "", subDomainPort: 80, directTo: "www", directToPort: 80 } } }};
- create a DNS/Host entry for
preview.your-site.comthat points to your development machine.
Template Setup
- Create a
templatesfolder in you code folder and Exclude from git
- Create a sub folder for each website. Example:
- the default page should be
New H1 Title Text New Paragraph Text Title Current
Server Side Code Behind
Code Behind lets you create server side script to execute on your templates.
In the site template folder, create a js file with the same name as your template file. Example
home.js for the code behind for
var codebehind = function($, path, response) { $("span.issues").html("ISSUES");};
Publishing Site Templates
Publish only works from your LOCAL node server.
- Create a Azure Blob Storage folder with the name of your site. Example:
- Browse to preview.your-site.com/publish.htm, this will publish your site to your blob storage account.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Is the Salt for Kinetico Water Softeners a special type?
We have a Model 4040s Kinetico Reverse Osmosis Water Softener and Drinking Water system installed in our house. It is the system with the quad resin tanks and a large cleaning brine tank.
We are wondering if there is something special about the type of salt that needs to be used in the Cleaning Brine Tank for it?
All we get when we have asked Kinetico, is "talk to the dealer that installed it" - we know they can deliver it at a cost of $20/bag and 5 bag minimum, but that seems quite excessive as opposed to buying it at a Home Depot, Lowes or the like, if possible.
Been using store-bought Morton salt-briquets for my two Kinetico units for more than 18 years with the dealer's blessing. Just switched out one of them to four-tank unit like you have. Using same stuff...re-loaded in by the installer.
Don't worry about. You're fine. $20.00 per bag is nuts. I got five bags free with the new unit. Will not continue when used.....which will probably take two years.
Yes...that's the product.
Kinetico's cranky this way. They rule their dealers with an iron fist and refer everything to them. I've got a good one, at least. Hope you do, too. On the bright side, they make good stuff that performs and lasts. At least it has for me for almost two decades, now.
I'm not so sure about the 'iron fist' statement. Actually, they leave us alone and rarely make calls or give directions on how or what to sell. They have no influence over pricing but do insist on proper settings and ethical behavior.
Any high quality salt is recommended; avoid solar and rock salts.
I yield to andy c instantly. He's in the bus. I'm not. And I've read his posts for years and have learned to respect his advice.
I should have said "So it appears to me." or something like that. All I know is every enquiry of any kind to Kinetico has always been referred down to my local dealer. To their credit, upon receiving notice of my enquiry from corporate, they have always responded directly to me with interest and expertise. Clearly somebody's paying attention. i like that.


text:
And we've put together a handy little guide to show you all the new features and enhancements - why don't you have a quick look to check out all the new features and enhancements?
To cite this page, please use the following:
· For print: . Accessed
· For web:
Taxonomic history
|Combination in Camponotus (Camponotus): Emery, 1925d PDF: 72.
|Subspecies of Camponotus pennsylvanicus: Creighton, 1950a PDF: 369; of Camponotus herculeanus: Brown, 1950d PDF}: 158.
|Raised to species: Hunt & Snelling, 1975 PDF: 22; Smith, 1979: 1426; Mackay, Lowrie, et al., 1988: 104 (in key).
Found most commonly in these habitats: 3 times found in subalpine forest, 7 times found in pine/fir forest, 0 times found in Mixed canyon forest, 0 times found in Douglas fir-aspen forest, 7 times found in conifer forest, 0 times found in mixed lowland forest, 0 times found in Mixed montane forest, 0 times found in Spruce-fir forest, 4 times found in rocky ridge crest in conifer forest, 4 times found in subalpine treeline, ...
Collected most commonly using these methods or in the following microhabitats: 58 times Search, 16 times hand collecting, 0 times Under rock, 0 times Log stage 4, 0 times Log stage 2, 0 times Log stage 3, 0 times Log stage 5, 0 times Under wood, 1 times aerial net, 0 times Log Stage 1, 0 times Stump, Log Stage 5, ...
Elevations: collected from 2 - 3962 meters, 1459 meters average
Type specimens:


text:
FDI won't come to Indian aviation till high costs prevail: IATA chief Tony Tyler
Top Stories
- Modi's appeal to the rich: 'Give up subsidised LPG'
- Distrust deepens, AAP countdown begins for easing out Yadav and Prashant Bhushan
- MS Dhoni: Smudged, but colour remains
- Maharashtra: First arrests made under new law banning beef trade
- Ribeiro an icon, I felt sad reading his piece, told the PM: Nitin Gadkari
Foreign airlines would not pick up stake in cash-strapped Indian carriers till steps are taken to stem the high costs of aviation operations in India, IATA chief Tony Tyler has said.
"No, I don't think it (allowing foreign airlines to invest in Indian carriers) is a game changer but it is a good thing. But it will not solve the problems of Indian aviation. It certainly is a step in the right direction but it is not the panacea that some believe it is," Tyler told PTI in an interview here.
"As long as high taxes prevail, high airport costs and congestion, and poorly developed air navigation (services) means more congestion, high cost of operations exist, you are not going to get a lot of people to invest in airlines," the Director General and CEO of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) said at his operational headquarters here.
He was replying to questions on Indian government's recent decision to liberalise FDI policy in aviation, allowing foreign carriers to pick up a maximum of 49 per cent equity in their Indian counterparts.
Observing that there were restrictions on investing in airlines around the world which was "a problem for the industry", Tyler said "any move that we see in liberalising, is a good thing.
"But unless conditions in India are improved for the airlines, you are not going to see a flood of foreign carriers coming into the industry. Because foreign capital needs a return just as anywhere else."
The IATA chief also made it clear that merely investing fresh capital would not solve the problems of the industry. "It has to be used in a way to improve the business in some way. It can be used to grow the business. If the business is loss-making then some of it needs to be used to restructure."
... contd.


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Quality Hotel Joao Pessoa
Av. Cabo Branco 2870
Joao Pessoa, 58045-010
Phone: (55) 83 30417000
Fax: (55) 83 30417001
Dona Lindu Park
Avenida Boa Viagem
Recife, Pernambuco 51030-000
+55 81 3355 9844 (Tourist Information)
Mo to Su from 05:00 AM to 10:00 PMBoa Viagem, a fancy area of Recife where the main city hotels and the beach are located, also is home to Dona Lindu Park. Named after President Luis Inácio Lula da Silva's mother, the place was built by world-famous architect Oscar Niemeyer with the best of contemporary architecture innovations. There you will find the Luizmendonça Theater, Janete Costa Gallery, a sports court, a skating track, a running track and a kids playground. You can also admire the graffiti paintings on the mural and on the skating track.
Earn valuable points toward free nights.


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- Leo from the Orient
This cultural protector of mankind in theoriental is said to always be present to fulfil its duty as a guardian evenwithout as a whole.
- Amongst of all the interesting places that one is able to find in Malaysia, it's without a doubt that jonker street is one of the places and would be in the list of "must-visit" places in Melaka. One would find that Jonker Street will always be as one of the most recommended places in the list. Jonker Street is a place where one could simply find an interesting and interactive ways to discover Melaka. Some people would think twice for reasons to visit Jonker Street but yet they would still.
Located in an area that is called Jalan Hang Jebat, this street is also commonly known as Jonker Walk. Jonker Walk is the only market street that has a sort of limited business hour in which is only available during the evening time until midnight and only on weekends. With an easy accessible location, most people might perceive that it is nothing more than a mere straight and narrow walkway. But what is it that makes Jonker street something more than just what is called a mere and narrow walkway? It is easy to say that we should never assume things before we are able to experience it ourselves. Because once one enters Jonker Street, it would be surprising of what one is able to find in Jonker Street, see in each and every unique shops, clothes, accessories and other souvenirs. That why some would call it the antique street.
Like any other places, there would be bound to have an area called Chinatown and Jonker Street would be "Chinatown" district/area for Melaka. And in this street is filled with tons of historical essence which carries irreplaceable value for Melaka and Jonker street specifically, it is the one place in Malaysia where it is filled with many Baba and Nyonya Culture, in terms of food and clothing, for it is the birthplace for peranakan culture.
In Jonker Street, the place is simply filled with culture values such as the food, drinks, market skills, and clothing. For food, one can find that there is many café and restaurant that is available in the long stretch of shops houses such as the Harpers café, the baboon café and others as well. the main food attraction that has been attracting people for a long time and has some historical significance would be the rice ball, indeed it is nothing but a rice shaped in a round geometrical shape but the uniqueness of it is that it's quite difficult to find the rice ball in any other places in Malaysia. Amongst the foods that are also attracts people are Cendol which is a mixture of jelly and sweeteners and it comes with certain types such as, durian cendol which is also quite famous in Melaka and there exists a durian cendol centre for foods such as these. And not to mention asam laksa as well. All the foods that are mention are ones that has many historical aspects and has exists for a long period of time.
- Through the ages"
Life is the sum of experiences that most ofus encounter as we go through our daily life. With achievements comeconsequences, and with sacrifices comes triumph.
- Eternal Bloodline
Guessing the quote or term for "likefather, like son" is something that really does exist. And few sons are able toshare the joy and happiness of doing the same thing what both of them love themost. "Seeing them could only make me imagine that it would be brought forward tillthe future generation" –Ceavs Chua
In addition, Jonker Street has always been a place for markets and food. But if one is lucky, they would get the chance to see the events that would go about in the street which doesn't happen occasionally. Events that would occasionally happens are events that are musical which is the classical chinese orchestra, where all the classical instruments are played and carried out in harmony with other musical instruments, instrument such as, the "Guqin" a seven stringed flat harp, a "pipa" which is the flute, "sanxian" a plucked lute, a "liuqin" the traditional guitar as some may call it and others to be named. Other than the orchestra, there would also be traditional live singing in public, where some of the elderly people would step on stage and sing their hearts out to traditional songs for public to enjoy and feel the environment. But not only are there events like musical but there are also that are for others such as charity, culture and religions.
And when comes to the historical nightlife of Melaka, it is visible to see the major transition to the surroundings as evening comes, where the main road is closed, people would come and set up their stall and almost all of the shop houses would be closed. It is amazing to see that how long and far the stalls are lined up and what one can see from the stalls, amongst the stalls are foods such as dim sum, the gula Melaka, ground nuts, and potatoes , clothing, and traditional clothing such as baju kebaya. Some shops would also sell items that would showcase their skills in such as wire bending, calligraphy writing and also wood carving techniques, of course one could find these in many parts of Malaysia, but the reason to get it as a souvenir is that it is from Jonker Street, a place where the environment is different and would make the souvenir as gift to loved ones or close ones more meaningful.
- Effortless task is no Easy Work
Not many would know that to what seem easyto them in the eye makes it easy for the individual, and hard work comes evenin the smallest of task or doing.
- In time
Being a responsible person is somethingthat most people wants to be, by not letting down your loved ones andaccomplishing even smallest of errands. Because nothing beats the importance ofbeing responsible and of course "IN TIME".
- Within ebony and ivory
Long before colours existed, the mystical colourduo black and white has enchanted pictures and drawings which brought similarpeace, balance, and harmony just like Yin and Yang.
- Traditional Immortality
Unlike seeing other objects trend cent intothe modernised world, there is still but that one piece or fragmentation ofhistory that we all could not forget.
- Rocking the Cassonade
Candy is said to be a charm to peoplewhereby it could cure sadness, depression and even anger. No matter if thecandy is hard to consume but with just a small taste of it would brighten yourday
Jonker street may not seem much to most people, to some locals and to even most foreigners, but when one enters it and feel the experience themselves they would feel and think differently than before because eating the traditional food, drinks, taking a glimpse of showcased skills, moving along the congested walkway and seeing while meeting new people is all part of the travelling experience because...
No matter if it's a 1 hour journey or 10 hour journey, going the distance to Jonker Street would not be a regrettable decision and a huge difference because this is all for a journey purpose and the experience to see the other meaning of "Street" in Jonker Street. If there is time, jonker is a must.


text:
Think like a tour guide to boost efficiency and sales
This is almost like going to the gym and not working out but just talking to other people there.
The sales rep might think that he or she is working, but the rep really isn't accomplishing anything.
Just because salespeople spend time out of the office that does not necessarily mean that they are working with great execution or even following a time-management program.
The more "windshield time" a salesperson spends, the less time he or she is in front of a customer getting a yes or even a no.
Even with a no, at least the salesperson was in front of people rather than behind glass.
The key for a salesperson to have a busy and successful day in the "field" is to do as much as possible in the shortest amount of time. The more people you see in a given day means the better the opportunity to improve your chances of selling something new and retaining your client base.
For example, if you have a 9 a.m. appointment in a certain area or ZIP code in a city, try to stay there for as long as you can making some cold calls or visiting other clients nearby until your next appointment.
If you are really well prepared, your next appointment (let's say 11 a.m.) is in the same ZIP code, and you can continue to make calls in the same area without driving any lengthy distances.
Just think of this concept as a good day as a bus tour operator.
The first stop after being picked up in Manhattan is the Empire State Building, next is Central Park and then a short drive to SoHo. As you might be making your way down to the Statue of Liberty, your next stop might be near Ground Zero, or the former World Trade Center.


text:
Pinching Baby Clematis
organic_kitten(8)May 16, 2010
The clematis I got from Silver Star keep trying to form flowers. The vines are very nice, with a minimum of four from each plant, but they are very short still, so I keep pinching off little blooms.
I'd love to have flowers, but I would rather have nice healthy plants for the future. This is the correct thing to do with these young ones, isn't it?


text:
Last day to catch the big fish is Sunday, Feb. 27
Once again the season for larger fish species comes to an end.
Walleye, sauger, northern pike and bass all become off-limit angling targets after Sunday, Feb. 27 until their respective season openers in May 2011.
Of course there are certain destinations, specifically border waters that are reachable within a few hours that entertain anglers over a greater time frame.
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&event=subscriber/lookup.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at email@example.com and we can help you.


text:
Multi-Stem Autumn Blaze Maple- Need help to choose
We fell in love with a multi trunk Autumn Blaze at our local nursery and are ready to bring one home. However, we are not sure which one of the two is going to be a better choice. The trees are at least 15' tall. One has five 2-2.5" trunks, at a slight angle to each other; the other has three 3-3.5" trunks, closer and more parallel to each other. The first one looks more interesting, like a small grove; the second is also very nice, narrower but elegant. Our concern is that somebody on this forum mentioned that the trunks can "split" with time. Which combination of trunks is more structurally sound? We normally do not have large storms here, the location is relatively protected. Our neighbors have old silver maples with no damage to speak of. The soil here is good, fertile and loamy. Any advice or opinion is greatly appreciated.
My advice is avoid a multistemmed maple.
They don't stay the size you see in the nursery forever and once they get older, you run into big problems that will cause them to need to be removed.
They're a bad idea... one of many the growers have found to make money.
It started out that multi-stemmed trees were created to display ornamental bark such as with river birch. It was a bad idea for them as well but at least there was a reason for it.
I think multistemmed maples originated when one day a tree was accidently cut down and sprouted back in 3 or 4 symmetical stems. Some unsuspecting customer thought it looked pretty and asked if it was for sale.
Do yourself a favor.... Unless you're out west or have alkaline soil, go with red maple. It's a better tree. It's not just half red maple like autumn blaze, it's 100% red maple. And don't get a multistemmed tree. Get a tree with one straight leader without any damage or bruises with symmetrical brancing that is not potbound.
That's my 2 cents.
If you want a small multi-stemmed tree, buy a tree that stays small and is naturally a multistemmed tree.
Serviceberry or Ironwood for example. A 50' tree with multiple stems is just a bad bad bad idea!
I wasn't real specific about why. When small, it's not a problem. When the trees get big (freemans maples are a 40-60 foot tree), the trunks will start to lean from the weight. They may grow together (and be weakly attached) creating a risk of splitting) and/or they may rub together as the tall trunks sway in the breeze. The foliage is only going to be on one side of the leaning, rub-damaged trunks at that point, a ticking time bomb for when it falls down or splits leaving you with an expensive removal or property damage.
So in essence it isn't going to be a legacy tree. It could be though... if only it had a single straight stem.
All the reasons above are true, but I still planted one, lol.
I had a dry, crappy location though (silver maple gene is tolerant of this condition). If it "does" fail its not in a high value location and no structures in the area.
I'd suggest planting something else just because you have fertile loamy soil...people would kill for that and plant more intersting trees.
Oh, BTW the nursery I bought mine from had over 20 specimans. There is the only one that acceptable in my eyes. You can only chose from two...odds are against you for good crotch angles.


text:
Broadway.com goes behind the scenes as the cast of Hands on a Hardbody sings "Stronger," "I'm Gone," "Joy of the Lord" and more from the official cast recording, now available on Ghostlight Records.
Learn all about the Tony-winning smash hit musical comedy that's one of Broadway's biggest blockbusters ever.October 24, 2014
The magical children's book comes to life as a big Broadway musical. Learn all about Matilda!March 1, 2015
The Tony Award-winning smash musical Kinky Boots is winning over audiences nightly. Find out more about this fabulous hit.January 4, 2015
Watch video of Broadway's longest-running phenomenon!September 25, 2008
Sierra Boggess and the cast of It Shoulda Been You check out the Brooks Atkinson Theatre. We also get a behind-the-scenes look at the show's sitzprobe.March 17, 2015
Matilda star Lesli Margherita hits the kitchen to learn how to make gnocchi with Broadway Nosh host Kirsten Wyatt.March 26, 2015
Audiences flock to the longest-running American Broadway musical of all time night after night. Find out why!January 4, 2015
Helen Mirren is back on the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. Find out everything you need to know about this new Broadway hit!March 24, 2015
Spending a day in Something Rotten! rehearsals with Tony Award winner Casey Nicholaw, a Broadway hitmaker who has directed and choreographed shows like The Drowsy Chaperone, The Book of Mormon and Aladdin.March 13, 2015
We're sad to see Kara Lindsay's vlog end, but she's busy asking questions, collecting alternate lyrics and handing out awards in her final video backstage at Wicked.March 19, 2015
Spotlight On: Mamma Mia!November 20, 2008
Laura Michelle Kelly's first vlog episode takes us backstage at tech rehearsal for Finding Neverland. She also drinks tea and shares plans for her dressing room decorations!March 14, 2015


text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Sept. 1, 1970 M R. D. ROBINSON 3,526,777
REFLECTANCE MEASURING APPARATUS INCLUDING A MASK FOR COMPENSATING FOR MOVEMENT OF THE SPECIMEN Filed April 25, 1968 2 Sheets-Sheet l Specimen Surface Af Position 50 Specimen Surface AfPosHion 5 INVEMOR Ro/a nd fl Robinson ATTORNEY Sept.- 1, 1910 R. D. ROBINSON REFLECTANCEMEASURING APPARATUS INCLUDING A MASK Filed April 25, 1968 FOR COMPENSATING FOR MOVEMENT OF THE SPECIMEN 2 Sheetg-Sheet 2 I INVENTOR Ro/ md D Qobnwon ATTORNEY United States Patent M REFLECTAN CE MEASURING APPARATUS IN- CLUDING A MASK FOR COMPENSATING FOR MOVEMENT OF THE SPECIMEN Roland D. Robinson, Springfield, Va., assignor to Hunter Associates Laboratory, Inc., a corporation of Virginia Filed Apr. 25, 1968, Ser. No. 724,151 Int. Cl. G01n 21/18 U.S. Cl. 250-237 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In certain instruments such as on line reflectometers and color monitors where a product such as paper 18 being examined at a station in the line of the manufacturing process, it is necessary that variations in distance of the product from the sensing element (e.g. due to sag or flutter in the paper web) should not affect or influence the photometric information received at the detector. A system is presented which compensates for specified changes in distance by means of a series of lenses and apertures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The illuminance E in foot-candles of an object or specimen from a non-directional light source with luminous intensity I in candles at a distance d in feet can be found by This equationis known as the inverse square law where illuminance is proportional to the luminous intensity and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
In an illuminance compensating optical system where the luminous intensity I remains constant, the illuminance B will remain constant at the desired detector within a specified change in distance Ad. However, in measuring optical characteristics such as color of a continuously moving web or sheet of material such as paper, cloth, etc., where practical considerations such as available space, accessibility, etc. require the measuring apparatus to be located above an unsupported section of moving web, it is impractical to maintain the surface being measured at a precisely fixed distance from the measuring apparatus due to sagging of the web under different conditions of operation such as temperature, moisture and machine adjustment; also, the web often flutters due to its high speed and this continuously changes its distance from the measuring apparatus.
It is a major object of the present invention to automatically compensate for such distance variations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, changes in distance between a surface being optically measured by means of reflected light from a fixed source and the measuring apparatus are automatically compensated for by an arrangement of lenses and apertures such that as the surface moves closer to the light source and to the measuring apparatus, the amount of light which is permitted to pass through certain apertures to the measuring apparatus is reduced in such manner as to provide the desired compensation.
The specific nature of the invention, as well as other objects and advantages thereof, will clearly appear from a preferred embodiment as shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the invention;
7 FIG. 1A is a view taken on line 1A--1A of FIG. 1
showing the shape of the apertures in the mask;
FIG. 1B is a similar view taken on line 1B-1B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the correspondance of the image and mask aperture in one position of the specimen;
FIG. 3 is a drawing similar to FIG. 2, but showing relative position of the image and the apertures as the specimen moves closer to the measuring apparatus; and
FIGS. 4, 4A and 4B are schematic drawings showing the use of more than one light source.
FIG. 1 shows the components of a one beam compensating system. The source of light is the lamp located at position 1. The source condenser lens 2 gathers a large amount of the light from the lamp and distributes it uniformly through the aperture 3. This aperture determines the size and shape of the light incident on the specimen surface 5, forming, in effect, a light picture on the specimen in accordance with the configuration of aperture 3. Source projection lens 4 focuses the light pattern from aperture 3 onto the specimen surface. This lens also collimates the light beam as it travels to the specimen surface. The diffused reflected light from the specimen surface 5 is focused onto aperture 7 of mask 5 by receptor projection lens 6. Depending on the position of the specimen within the range Ad, aperture 7 provides a gating effect to the focused reflected light from the specimen surface. Lens 8 focuses the scrambled image that exists at lens 6 and which is allowed to pass through aperture 7 onto the surface of the sensing element, or in this case a fiber bundle 9, through which the light is carried to the measuring apparatus of known type, which is not a part of the present invention, and therefore is not shown in detail, although the type of measuring apparatus as shown in copending patent application of Hunter et al., Ser. No. 705,702 and in US. patent to Hunter, No. 3,003,388 is representative of optical measuring equipment with which the present invention is useful. Lens 8 could be omitted where a single sensor is used, but is useful in the type of receiving surface shown in order to uniformly integrate the reflected light over the large surface of the fiber bundle, thus allowing uniform proportioning of the energy to the subdivisions of fibers.
When the specimen surface is raised from position 5 to 5a (see FIG. 1), a number of changes take place. First, the light pattern determined by aperture 3 on the specimen surface moves along the specimen surface in a direction normal to the path of travel of the surface and toward the light source. Next, since the surface is getting closer to the light source, the intensity of the light on the specimen surface increases in accordance with the inverse square law. Due to this increase in light intensity at the surface and to a similar decrease in distance between the surface and aperture 7, the light intensity at this aperture will also increase, which is undesirable. Finally, since the light pattern on the specimen surface moves toward the light source, the focused pattern of the light from the specimen surface on aperture 7 will move across the aperture (from right to left in FIG. 1) away from the source, due to inversion produced by the lens. It is this lateral movement of the reflected light image from the specimen surface on aperture 7 that is utilized to provide distance compensation of illuminance as the specimen moves toward and away from the aperture 7.
Since the light incident on the specimen approaches that of a collimated beam, the size and shape of the light pattern on the surface within the range Ad will not change.
In the example shown in FIG. 1, the angle of viewing is at 0 from a normal to the specimen surface and the angle of illumination is shown at approximately 37;
0 however, these angles may be varied within reasonable limits, although obviously the angle between viewing and illumination must be greater than 0, but should not be so large that a reflected image will not exist at the aperture. The size of the angle is not critical until the aperture design has been determined, after which the angle cannot be changed.
The aperture configuration is designed in accordance with the rate at which the reflected light image from the specimen and through lens 6 moves across the aperture surface so as to produce a desired relationship, as will be explained below.
When the specimen is in the lower position the reflected light image as formed by lens 6 fills the square cutout of the aperture without spilling over onto the solid surface next to or opposite the triangular cutout 7a (FIG. 2). As the specimen surface is raised toward the aperture, the reflected light at the aperture increases in intensity and also begins to move toward the triangular cutout across the opaque bar 7b (FIG. 3). The amount of light arriving at the sensor surface 9 remains constant since the decrease in the amount or size of the reflected light passing through the aperture and falling on the fiber bundle compensates for the increase in intensity. At a certain point the light reaching the sensor begins to fall off. However, at this point the reflected light begins to enter the triangular area. Due to the shape and orientation of this triangular cutout, the amount of light passing through the opening will increase as the reflected pattern moves across the aperture surface. As is well known, the fiber ends accept light most efficiently when the light is normal to the fiber end and the acceptance efiiciency falls off rapidly as the angle deviates from normal. The configuration of the triangular opening is such that this process compensates for the decrease in acceptance of the fiber bundle to the light as the pattern becomes incident at an increasing angle from the normal and to the increased reflection of the lens at the edge, resulting in a decrease in lens efpirically.
The total aperture area, including the triangle, must be designed so that as the image moves to the left in FIG. 1, the amount of light passed through the aperture remains constant. This is accomplished by designing the configuration of the triangle to admit the proper amount of light as the image moves to the left. The relationship is not linear and can be computed or determined empirically.
The effect of the light spilling over into the triangular area is to increase the illumination to the sensor, in this case the fiber bundle 9, bringing it once again to a constant level after beginning to fall off. The transition is very smooth and no abrupt change in intensity is noticed at the sensor.
The preceding explanation has been limited to a single beam light source. The concept can also be applied to multiple beam systems where increased specimen illumination is desired, as shown in FIG. 4. For multiple systems, additional design steps must be considered for the compensating concept to hold true. In FIG. 4, corresponding parts are given the same numerals as in FIG. 1, except that primes are used for the additional light source and associated elements.
First, the lamp source positions should be symmetrical about an axis drawn from the center of the sensor through the center of lenses 6 and 8 and aperture 7 to the specimen surface. The angle of incidence from a normal to the specimen surface when in position 5 for each beam should be the same. When the specimen is in position 5 (lower limit of compensation), each of the incident source beams should coincide on the specimen. Each of the lamp sources should be matched so that the color temperature (spectral characteristics) of each is the same. Corresponding lenses 2 and 2' as well as 4 and 4' should have the same focus characteristics. Each of the apertures at position 3 should have an identical pattern. Since aperture 7 is common to the reflected light from each of the beams, it must incorporate one additional cutout compensating pattern (triangular area) for each additional source beam. This additional cutout is located on the aperture at a position that is opposite and furthest away from the corresponding lamp source, as shown in FIG. 4.
Other confignlrations for compensating aperture 7 can be used. For a large number of source beams the center pattern might be circular with corresponding triangular patterns around the perimeter for each of the incident beams. The cutout pattern for each of apertures 3 would have to have an elliptical configuration, causing the incident beam on the specimen surface to be circular.
Instead of a physical cutout in the mask, the mask could be of opaque material having transparent areas, as by the use of photographic film or deposited metal film.
I claim:
1. An optical instrument for measuring a characteristic of the amount of light reflected by a specimen from a fixed constant light source, including (a) a first mask having a light-transmitting aperture defining a fixed pattern adjacent said light source,
(b) a condenser lens arranged to focus a collimated beam of light from said source in said fixed pattern, at an angle greater than 0 from the normal, onto the surface of a specimen to be tested,
(c) receptor means for receiving and measuring light from said specimen at an angle normal to the specimen,
(d) a second mask having a compensating aperture between said specimen and said receptor means,
(e) a receptor projection lens arranged to focus the reflected light pattern from said light source on said specimen on the plane of said second mask, said compensating aperture having a configuration corresponding to the light image received from said specimen when the specimen is at a predetermined distance from the receptor lens.
(f) said compensating aperture configuration being such as to pass a constant amount of light from the specimen when the specimen moves closer to the aperture and the light image from the specimen moves partly out of correspondence with the aperture.
2. The invention according to claim 1, said mask containing a secondary aperture spaced from the first aperture and arranged to receive some light from the specimen as the specimen moves still closer to the mask.
3. The invention according to claim 2, said second aperture being shaped to permit a constant amount of light to reach the receptor through both apertures as the specimen moves closer to the mask.
4. The invention according to claim 1, and a further lens between the second mask and said receptor means for focusing the scrambled reflected light pattern, existing at said projector lens and passing through said second mask, on to said receptor means.
5. The invention according to claim 1, and a second fixed light source, secondmask and second condenser lens arranged to focus a second collimated beam onto the same area of the specimen as the first collimated beam, said mask containing a second secondary aperture arranged to receive light from the specimen.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,917,379 7/1933 Lowry.
RONALD L. WIBERT, Primary Examiner O. B. CHEW II, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 356199, 210
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Thay's second teaching of the 2012 summer opening in French. Given in the Lower Hamlet of Plum Village on the 8th of July. To listen in English, use just the right earphone.
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01/18/2015, Indiantown Marina, Florida
Hmmm packing up all of the boat "stuff", clothes, etc. plus the new addition of our bicycles - it is all familiar to us. This is our fourth "rodeo" - we are not new to this - however, this time we were certain we would be able to prep the boat and be out of Indiantown Marina quickly. Wiley has written another play - The Meltdown- about the great Chicago heat-wave disaster for the Leadership Academy and needs to be back at the end of January to see it produced. The show is on February 3rd.
We arrived late in Chattanooga on the way down - and had the unfortunate but entertaining experience of eating at a Waffle House - the only restaurant open at the late hour. The waitress called Wiley "darling", "sweetheart", as she served our greasy eggs and spoke with her southern accent - we really had a hard time understanding what she was saying except for the sweet words she offered to Wiley. We were in the south!
We stopped by Pat's on the way down. A familiar stop, but this year it is no longer my father and Pat's- just Pat's home. My father passed away in November and it is very strange to be stopping by without seeing him. I miss him. However, as we attempted to find ways to support Pat, we found her once again playing the role of the hostess. This was not our intent - we truly wanted to find ways to support her as she deals with this great loss. We shared a lovely meal, went out to an art gallery and lunch. And of course, more hugs to find our way.
We arrived in Indiantown and found that the boat inside was in great shape, however the entire outside was green - the jungle takes over whenever you are away in Florida. Wiley tells me at home that he does not do "projects" on the house - so this year I decided that I don't do boat bottoms - sanding or painting. So, this year Wiley did all the hard labor on the boat bottom while I cleaned, unloaded the truck, and put away all of our stuff. We both worked on waxing the boat and finally she looked beautiful and was ready to "splash". And that she did - she splashed but the engine did not work.
Our great adventure that has made this trip different from all others is that Wiley is the hero of the marina. He removed a 3 foot poisonous Cottonmouth snake from a sailboat. A scared couple came into the marina office telling everyone about the snake. No one wanted to do anything about it! The snake had crawled up from the water onto the boat and hid under the dodger of the boat. Wiley, in front of an audience of 8-10 chicken-hearted observers, bravely unsnapped the dodger and using a boat hook pushed the snake and he slinked off into the water! Needless to say - we are now constantly on the lookout for snakes - including on the boat - especially since our boat is in the same location that the boat that had the snake on it was located!
So- Déjà vu -here we are "stuck in Indiantown once again. Recalling being stuck previously when we had to have the engine replaced - there is really nothing to do or see in Indiantown. In order to pass the time we rode our bikes along the highway to Port Macaya - and discovered after about a 12-mile ride past sugar cane fields, swamp, the canal, and large trucks blowing past us carrying sugar cane we could climb a hill to see Lake Okeechobee and a bike trail. We then turned around and rode back.
We are on the wait and see list at Indiantown - wait and see if the alternator works, what else is wrong with the engine, and then we can decide if we will be able to move the boat.
Waiting in swampland - Déjà vu!
We had only a few weeks left after returning to Key Largo, but they were great weeks. We kept sailing out to the reefs and diving. Early in our stay at Key Largo, there were lots of days when the sea was way too rough to dive. Now, in May, the seas ranged from dead calm to 1' to 2'.
The diving was a lot of fun. Merry bought me a new SCUBAPRO BC for my birthday. Now we both have truly excellent SCUBA equipment. After going a month without seeing any sharks, one day Merry saw three nurse sharks on one dive. The water temperature was now in the low 80s, so our "cool water" 5mm wetsuits went into the bottom of the locker, replaced by our 3/2mm "warm water" suits. One day, I "free dove" to 30' and watched a SCUBA student and instructor kneeling in the sand, doing a skills test. On a dive on Molasses reef, we experienced the strongest current we ever encountered while diving. We are trained to always swim into the current at the start of a dive. We kicked hard and used 2,000 PSI of air (we carry 3,000) going up current, and then turned back on the reciprocal compass course, and "flew" like superman, as the current carried us across the bottom until we looked up to see the hull of our boat. After we boarded les Miserables and got our ear off, we saw three divers from one of the dive boats, on the surface clinging to the last mooring buoy "down current" on the reef, waving for help. Before we needed to do anything the dive boat moved to that mooring and "picked them up".
After one day of diving, I had one of my least favorite, and Merry her favorite experience of our stay at Key Largo. We sailed north to elbow Reef, further from the Key Largo canal than we had ever done before. We did two dives, but didn't start the second one until 4:30 pm. By the time we got back near the canal entrance, it was "stone dark." It is really different coming into that very narrow canal entrance at night. Of course, "Fernando" our GPS chart plotter shows us where we are, and where to go - but it still "whit knuckle time". We almost hit one of the channel day marks that are not lit - Merry, up at the bow, yelled, "turn to starboard! Now!" and we missed it by maybe three feet. There was a green light, which I thought marked the north side of the canal, which turned out to be a house, 200' from the channel. The canal is only about 100' wide, and has a concrete ledge on the south bank that sticks out maybe five feet, just 3 or 4 feet underwater. There is a big boat moored on the north side at the entrance, making for a tight passage even in broad daylight. To top it off, it was very shallow at low tide - our keel clears by mere inches - and this was low tide. We made it, but it was very tense. I talked to one of the commercial dive boat captains about this later, and he said that even he hates coming in the canal at night. After we were on the canal, it was still hard to see, so Merry used a dive light up in the bow to pick out moored boats, and turn at 'crash corner'. While she was doing this, a wonderful thing happened. A dolphin had followed us into the canal and appeared at the bow, swimming back and forth with us as went up the canal. At one point the dolphin rolled over his side and was looking up at Merry and then rolling onto his other side to repeat this "connection". Merry was laughing in delight - while I was still tensely clutching the wheel.
Our best dives were on Memorial Day weekend. We were on a mooring at Mollasses Key, and heard someone call to us - it was our friends, the Barkely's who had moved to Vero Beach from Illinois. Ron swam and Mavis paddled sitting in an inner tube, over to our boat to say hi.
Then it was time to head home. We decided to leave in the late after at half-tide rising and sail north to Carysfort reef, and spend the night on a dive mooring. This worked pretty well, but there was a 2-34 ' sea running and the boat "rocked and rolled " at the mooring all night. We left the mooring and went out into the Atlantic and then hoisted the main, unfurled the jib, shut down the engine and had a terrific sail all the way to Fort Lauderdale, going 6 knots some of the time. At one point, we were hit on the beam by a 5-foot wave, which caused our coffee pot to be thrown across the cabin covering the deck below with coffee grounds - ugh.
The only other unhappy event of our entire trip home occurred when we docked at the municipal marina at Fort Lauderdale - Los Olas Marina. There is a foundational rule when it comes to docking a sailboat NEVER DOCK WITH THE WIND OR CURRENT BEHIND THE BOAT, PUSHING YOU INTO THE DOCK. The tide was coming in, pushing the boat toward the marina docks. We could have gone to a mooring ball, across the river from the marina, but then we would have the inconvenience of having to use the dinghy to get to the marina building, showers, etc. There is a bridge that crossed the river in the middle of the marina, dividing it in half; we could have waited for the bridge to open and then docked into the current. Merry said that was what we should do. But, I thought we would be able to slow the boat by going hard astern, and dock okay. It didn't' work. As soon as we turned into the marina's fairway, now beam on to the current the boat began moving sideways toward the finger docks. We almost hit the stern of a boat, and then did hit the end of the dock at the slip we were trying to get into. We ended up with the boat trapped diagonally across two slips, with Merry jumping onto the dock with a bowline. It took a lot of hard hauling on lines to het the boat straightened out in her slip. It turned out that we did not do any damage, except to my ego!
The rest was easy. We spent a couple nights at the marina and having fun in Fort Lauderdale, and then left before dawn, at slack tide (no current!) down the river to the inlet and out into the Atlantic for a great sail to Lake Worth/Palm Beach. We got into the Gulf Stream, and at one point were doing eight knots! We stayed at Old Port Cove again, and from there voyaged up the ICW to Peck Lake, and from there to Indiantown.
After the usual hard work, getting a rental truck, loading everything from the boat into it, buffing out and waxing the hull, etc. , we said goodbye to our friends at the Indiantown Marina, and drove the truck back to Geneva, Illinois - stopping to see Merry's father and his wife Pat along the way.
We had six months of not really doing much of anything, (diving, reading, relaxing, swimming, going to tourist sites and best of all time with our kids - in the Keys and at home) -it still seemed like "time well spent". Go figure.
In mid-May, as planned, we both flew home for our daughter-in-law Tesia's graduation, and the award luncheon for our youngest son, Sean. Like everything else at Key Largo, it was easy. The dock-master, Brian would keep a good watch on Les Miserables while we were gone. It is a half mile walk to a Enterprise Rent-a-Car, and not much more than an hour to the airport in Miami.
The luncheon for Sean's Crimestopper Award was impressive. The mayor of Arlington Heights spoke, then the chief of Police, then Sean's commander. All of them praised Sean's dedication and initiative. Then the annual Crimestopper award was presented. Followed by a wonderful acceptance speech by Sean. Merry and I were treated like important visiting dignitaries. Afterwards, we went to a tavern where police like to go, and all of Sean's fellow officers were there to celebrate. The award includes a $500.00 check, which by tradition the annual winner puts toward the bar-tab for the celebration. We got to meet a lot of Sean's fellow officers, and they were very impressive people, exactly the sort of folks you would want to have as police officers and detectives. I felt like I was in an old Hill Street Blues episode and had a great time!
The graduation ceremony at NIU was also impressive. Tesia worked full time as a nurse while going to NIU for her BS degree. While (as you would expect) it was a large ceremony (I'm going to guess that there were over a thousand graduates) as far as we were concerned, the whole thing was just about our beautiful and amazing daughter-in-law. Her parents came down from Minnesota for her graduation, and her aunt attended as well. We all went to an Italian restaurant in Geneva afterwards to celebrate.
I accomplished some things in our prairie garden while we were home. Our friends, Nancy and Terry brought over a couple of yellow coneflowers, which they dug up from their yard for my birthday. I planted these, and got the filter system for the pond running. It felt great to be home, but before we knew it, it was time to go to the airport and fly back to Florida.
While we had a wonderful year, the two special events in May were the highpoints!
We got to Key Largo four days before the "kids" - Sean and Tesia. They would be down for a week. We would spend a week SCUBA diving there and then leave to head north to Lake Worth, Palm Beach; from there we would cross to the Bahamas for the third time. A couple months cruising the Abacos, and then back across, and head for home. This was the plan and a highly workable plan it was.
Years ago - back in the early 70s - noted author and SCUBA diver Bill Barada wrote an article in Skin Diver Magazine called "Keyitis". Mr. Barada living in the Florida Keys at the time, defined "Keyitis" as a condition caused by staying in the Florida Keys, which has as its chief symptoms an entire los of personal ambition, coupled with an almost bovine contentment with one's lot in life, and an enhanced ability to enjoy each day as it comes. I believed that we were immune. Just as cockroaches cannot survive in Chicago winter, our climate seems to make people of Chicago-land "strivers" - never content with how things are, or what they are, but always wanting and working toward - MORE! Chicago has been called " the city on the make" a place noted for ambition and "hustle". Chicagoans who spend much time in Florida gain the impression that natives of Florida could not live in the Chicago area, because most, like the cockroach, could not survive a Chicago winter, and the rest could not survive the frantic pace and competition, and would quickly be "Killed and eaten"!
Fate took a hand, and forever killed my delusion that we were immune from "Keyitis". Merry's knee got worse and worse to the point where not only could she no longer run, but walking any distance caused great discomfort. This is a big problem, since living on the boat - with no car- requires that we walk everywhere. Merry came back from one walk to the Publix grocery store - a four-mile round trip - limping badly. I urged her to fly home and see a doctor. On top of this, our son Brad - a martial arts expert - broke a bone in his hand, which required surgery. He made me promise that his mother would not come home for the surgery - a hard promise to keep. I called my brother Keith, - if you look up the term "nice guy" in the dictionary his picture is there - who volunteered to take Brad to his surgery, stay with him, drive him home, and stay afterwards. With his own grit and his Uncle Keith's help Brad made it through the surgery just fine. However, in view of all the circumstances, Merry decided to fly home for a few weeks so that she could see a doctor about her knee and help Brad recover from his surgery.
Merry left me alone on the boat at Marina Del Mar. She made me promise that I would not take the boat out by myself to go diving. So, I was stuck. A kind of total inertia set in. Each day began with the free continental breakfast on the patio, a mere thirty feet from Les Miserables. It then took a long time to read the Chicago Tribune (on kindle) and long conversations with other sailors. There is no beach on Key Largo, but I found a place I could walk to and climb down into the water, so some days I went for a swim in the ocean. Marina Del Mar has three pools, so some days I swam laps. Lunch and a beer at Sharkey's became routine. Once in a while, I would go for a run. Watching the dive boats go in and out and going diving a couple times myself with a friend, off his boat. Meaning to work on minor repairs on maintenance the boat needed, but just never seeming to get done. Getting to know Jackie Luna, the new (temporary) assistant dock master and her fiancé' Z, who works on a diving charter boat. Going to dive shops and picking out a new Scubpro BC for Merry - Watching the African Queen (the actual boat they used to make the movie) go up and down the canal every day, taking tourists out. Meaning to get some writing done on my latest play, but never writing anything. Accomplishing nothing, day after day, and not feeling guilty about it, as happy and content as a walrus laying in the sun - and increasingly bearing more than a small physical resemblance to said walrus.
So when Merry got back, she found a changed man. A man, with the newly acquired insight that going aground is really not a problem at all if you merely decide to stay forever exactly where you are stuck. The Bahamas no long beckoned. Why move? All the hassle - all that sailing, when we can simply stay here at marina Del Mar, go for little sails to and from the reef, and go scuba diving every day.
But Merry came back full of Chicago hustle. She has been hired to create four new courses for the doctoral program in Leadership in Adult Learning and Education at Aurora University. She is teaching a course at AU in June! She is teaching two of the new courses she is creating, during the fall term 2014! She has to get ready! We need to provision the boat for our voyage to the Bahamas! Activity! Work! Accomplish! Strive!
So we went to lunch at Sharkey's sitting at a table in the sun, watching the boats go in and out of the canal. Fish sandwiches. A couple of glasses of wine- earnest discussions. We had learned that our youngest son Sean, a detective with the Arlington Heights Police Department, would be receiving the annual Crime-stopper Award at a luncheon held in his honor in May, the same week that his wife, our lovely daughter-in-law Tesia, was graduating from Northern Illinois University with her nursing BA degree. The mayor, Chief of Police, Sean's commander and Sean himself would all be giving speeches. Obviously, we had to fly home for these landmark events, and it would be a lot easier to do this if we were in the Keys, than in the Bahamas. The Bahamas had raised the cost of a cruising permit for a 30-foot boat from $150 (for 90 days) to $300. By the bottom of the second glass of wine, we determined that we would stay at Marina Del Mar.
Inertia is truly the greatest force in the universe. In the Keys, inertia is amplified to the 10th power.
Life was good. We took Les Miserables out to the reef for SCUBA diving twenty-nine times. We usually did two dives each time. We frequently dove at Molasses Reef, which was closest to Key Largo Canal and Marina Del Mar, but we also dove at French Reef, Grecian Rocks, and Dry Rocks (where the statue of Christ of the Abyss is). The water was warm and clear, and we had a lot of fun.
Our diving had one troubling aspect. A lot of the coral is dead. Grecian Rocks was probably the worst. Over much of the reef you see dead coral covered by green algae. Most of the Staghorn coral is dead. You would also see a lot of dead brain coral. It takes fifty years for brain coral to grow to the size of a basketball. They big ones are a thousand years old. We have been diving in the Keys since the 1970s and the destruction of the coral over time is depressing. A study showed that there has been a 44% decline in coral in the keys just since 1996. The coral is being killed by sewage treatment, overdevelopment, run-off from fertilizers, and herbicides used on lawns and golf courses, and dredging. It has been estimated that if the things that are killing the coral were to come to a complete stop, the reef would recover in ONLY THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND YEARS.
The scuba diving community in Florida has made a valiant effort to protect the reefs. They have done a great job hunting and killing lionfish in the Pennekamp Coral Reef Park - we saw them on almost every dive in the Bahamas, and only two times during our entire time at key Largo. (The Lionfish is an invasive species from the Pacific, which has had a devastating impact on the Atlantic coast and the Caribbean). Dive shops and dive boats in Key Largo have done a good job educating divers about not touching coral, as evidence by the fact that we hardly ever saw soft coral that had been broken off. There is also a modest effort to "farm" Staghorn coral, and divers take the coral to the reefs and plant it. It's obvious that this effort pales to insignificance compared to the scale of destruction, which the people of the state of Florida have inflicted upon the only coral reef in the U.S.
The Governor of Florida (who was just re-elected) is a right-wing Republican, as are a majority of both houses of the state legislature. Republicans do not care about the environment. Absent some strong Federal intervention - which is unlikely, since Republicans control Congress - America's only coral reef is doomed.
Yet for now, the diving in John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park is still a lot of fun. Visibility underwater is not as good as in the Bahamas - 30-50 feet, as opposed to 80-100 feet. Sharks have been a protected species in the Bahamas for more than thirty years, so you see a lot of them when diving - nurse, blacktip, and big bull sharks. In the Keys, we only saw a few nurse sharks with the exception of one blacktip Wiley saw with Sean. Of course sharks are not a protected species in Florida. We saw some big groupers in the Keys, but there were not tame like the ones we saw in the Bahamas. On the other hand we saw a lot more of the colorful small reef fish in the keys. This may be a function of the good job local divers have done, controlling the Lionfish population.
One day morphed into the next. We ate at great restaurants - including the Pilot House, which is built over the water, with "windows" in the floor so that you can watch the fish swim by as you dine. Twice we drove a rental car to Key West, where we toured Earnest Hemingway's house, had a beer and burger in his honor at famous "Sloppy Joe's Bar", one of his old haunts. We also took a tour of the USCG Ingham, a big Treasury class coast guard cutter that played an important role in the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. We found a terrific restaurant with great food, Blue Moon, where you eat outside, and roosters, hens and chickens wander around underneath the tables and around your feet. (No chicken dinner that night!)
Back at Key Largo, we swam in the beautiful pool at Marina Del Mar, and Merry worked on her school work. We made friends with Brian, the dock master and a professional caliber diver, Boxley, a "50 something" server at Sharkey's who seems to have been everywhere and done everything, including writing songs some of which he played and sang for us, Jackie and "Z her fiancé - a wonderful smart young couple who live in Tavernier but work on Key Largo. Of course, we also made many short term friendships with other sailors as they came, stayed a while, and then left. I was thrilled to meet Captain Frank Pappy, who wrote the Cruising guide to the Florida Keys, which I used to read on cold winter nights in Illinois dreaming of day sailing in the keys.
Absent the misfortune of some terrible personal tragedy, a person would have to work really hard to be unhappy in the Keys, and I didn't work hard at anything.
One of the most difficult parts about being a parent is "letting go". Watching your child take their first steps that you celebrate you are unaware that someday those steps will lead to them walking away from you to live their own life. As they continue to grow you begin to realize what a treasure the time is that you get to watch them as kids. Kids just playing - laughing, trying out new roles, and just purely amazed at the world they are discovering. The gift of course is that you get to discover or re-discover it all with them. Each of our boys found their own unique joys and shared in their discoveries. One their many discovers were the many creatures that they kept in our home - Brad's snake Slinky, the boys turtles - Jim McMann and the Fridge, a snapping turtle - Shambler, and even a scorpion - Stogie (later named Cruella - as she ate all of her young!). Creatures were always part of the many experiences the boys shared. Including the frog that was left in someone's pocket discovered floating in the washing machine ... and more. So, when our boys, Brad and Sean, were young we came down to Key Largo along with my mother and took them out snorkeling in John Pennekamp Underwater Reef Park to find even more creatures - however, ones that would not find a place in our home. Now, Brad was not very fond of the water - he was more of a "land animal" lover. However, Sean took to it like a fish. He was the one who would jump off the bow of the boat during our summer vacations screaming into the cold Lake Michigan water and come up sputtering with a big smile on his face. So he was thrilled to see an Eagle Ray on his first snorkeling experience. He held onto that experience and we did as well.
Time has gone by and the boys are now adult men. So as a gift we presented Sean with an opportunity to take scuba diving lessons. Even with his busy schedule as a husband and detective, he was able to complete the lessons and was certified this past year. Our sailing plan this year included time in the Florida Keys so that Sean and Tesia could go out on our boat allowing Sean to try out his new certification. We had just arrived in Key Largo shortly before the "kids" - Sean and Tesia arrived. (They love it when I refer to them as the kids as they have now been married for eight years! ) We hadn't had an opportunity to plan trips out to the reef to go diving because it took us quite a while to get the boat in the water and ready in Indiantown, stop at a marina in Stuart to get a new winch installed, make our way from Lake Worth, Coconut Grove, and finally find a place in Key Largo.
As a result, our first diving experience on the Molasses reef was with Sean and Tesia. It was amazing to watch the "kids" - Sean and Tesia play in the water and discover all the reef life surrounding our boat. The first dive Sean and Wiley partnered up and Tesia and I went off snorkeling. While snorkeling I was lucky enough to watch my grown son off playing once again. Tesia and I donned wetsuits and off we went with a floating dive flag. We found a Goliath Grouper close in on the reef getting his gills cleaned by small cleaner fish as well as the usual assortment of beautiful reef fish and I got a chance to watch Tesia at play as well. She is an excellent snorkeler and looked so at ease in the water. Both of them came up from the water with new experiences to share - Sean told of seeing a couple of sharks, large midnight parrot fish, an eel, queen angelfish... etc. etc. Tesia wanted to know the names of the fish she saw - spotlight parrot fish, filefish, blue reef fish, and grunts... The second dive I was paired with Sean and we did a very short dive as the current was getting stronger and my buoyancy compensator was not working correctly. However, I was thrilled to watch him darting, bubbles floating up, looking under coral heads - eager to take in all that he could. I was sure that I saw him smiling even with the regulator in his mouth.
So it was a joy to watch "the kids" having fun, but I soon discovered that it was not "the kids" that I was really enjoying but their experiences shared as adults. We were having the same experiences and talking about them. This is one of the great shifts that happened - they are no longer -kids - but adults that shared sharing conch fritters, dinner out on the bay at Snooks, snorkeling at Bahia Mar, stories, jokes, and cocktails. I miss my time watching my children play but am thrilled to let that go since now I get to thoroughly share their joy as adults as friends that we get to go and play with. We are lucky they chose to spend their time with a couple of "old people" who loved spending time with interesting, interested, and fun adults.
I would class the anchorage at Rodriquez Key as "fair weather only," but in nice weather it is beautiful. Our plan was to sail to Tavernier Key, anchor for the night, and go into the marina the next day. Because it is only about 5 miles from Rodriquez Key to Tavernier Key, it would be an easy day. We lingered over breakfast, went for a swim, and at our leisure got underway.
Tavernier Key proved to be an even nicer anchorage than Rodriquez, and with better protection from weather. Like Rodriquez, it is uninhabited, with nice stands of mangrove trees.
We decided to take Dimples to the marina where we would be staying. It is on the lower end of Key Largo. The marina is located a long way up a canal, and having never been there before, we found that locating the entrance and going in the canal was a little tricky. There was a lot of shoal water, but of course we knew this from the charts and it was no problem for our dingy Dimples, which needs only two feet of water for her outboard to clear the bottom. We brought our hand-held depth-finder to "scout" the entrance for later, when we brought Les Miserables in. It was a good strategy, and would have made taking our "big" boat in later a much calmer experience.
The canal seemed very narrow, because it was tightly packed with boats on both sides. We found the marina, and the slip we had reserved for two weeks. It wasn't hard - it was the only empty slip. However, there was a huge problem. Merry has had some still undiagnosed problem with one of her knees for years in spite of multiple trips to local doctors. Last late fall, during a four mile run, Merry's knee "went out," and she came limping back in pain. Now she had a noticeable limp and experiences some pain in her knee. The marina had no "finger docks" - just a row of pilings on each side of the boat as you pulled in, and a walkway wall in front of the boat, with cleats for mooring lines. You had to clamber from the bow of the boat down the walkway to get off the boat (or from the stern if we backed in), and for Merry this would be impossible.
We walked around the marina, and were shown great hospitality by some people who live on boats there. The area is full of very small houses, and mobile homes - some right on the canal. There is a gas station you can walk to that has a few food items. There is nothing else. We have no car and no bikes. This place was not going to work. Our plan was in ruins. We had no place to stay with the boat - and Sean and Tesia were arriving in four days. YIPES! We motored back to Les Miserables trying to come up with a new plan.
Back on the boat, we dined handsomely on pre-made packaged sandwiches we had purchased at the gas station, accompanied by a nice French wine. A nice sunset turned into a beautiful starry night.
By the time we went to bed, we had a new plan. Merry called the marina in Tavenier to cancel our reservation and call Marina Del Mar even though we knew it would be an expensive stay. In addition we had originally decided not to stay at Marina Del Mar because Merry thought that I would be a constant nervous wreck going in and out of the place. The canal is like the one at Tavenier, but much busier. The cruising guide warns that during the day, large "excursion" fishing boats, dive boats, big sailboats that take people out to snorkel, and even a big glass-bottom boat makes constant passages in and out. If a large boat is docked just past the jetty at the entrance to the canal, you may not be able to see a vessel coming from the other side of it. Further up the canal, it makes a 90 degree turn. At that spot, you cannot see what is coming from the other side - it is truly a "blind corner." To make it worse, there isn't enough room for two vessels - unless one or both are small to pass each other. It's like a blind corner in which a two-lane road turns into only one lane through the turn. It is aptly named "crash corner"! To add to these navigational features, the channel at the entrance of the canal is only 4 feet 6 inches deep at low- low tide. If we ever came in at low tide we would have only inches between our keel and the channel bottom. Thus, we had decided earlier to not stay there because of the expense, my nerves + blood pressure, and getting the boat in and out to go diving on the reef would be a challenge.
However, we were desperate.
We got up the next morning, put on our wetsuits, and snorkeled over to Tavernier Key. We spent time among the mangrove roots on the edge of the island, in two or three feet of water. We knew that mangroves are the "nursery of the reef," and this is certainly true at Tavernier Key. We saw huge school of tropical reef fish - only they were all little babies an inch or less long. Merry also saw a school of tiny barracudas - babies eating babies!
After we got back to the boat, Merry called the marina in Tavernier and explained the reason we would not be able to commit to our reservation. She offered to pay for canceling the reservation, but the lady who owned the place declined. She could not have been nicer. She then called Marina Del Mar. The guy at Marina Del Mar was also very friendly, told us we would not have trouble getting in, and so Merry reserved us a slip.
I was nervous finding the channel into the canal, and making our way into the marina. Merry checked tide tables to make sure we weren't going in at low tide. We followed proper procedure. As we approached the jetty, we called: "Security, Security, Security (pronounced "se cure a tay") sailing vessel Les Miserables inbound Port Largo Canal at the jetty. Will stand by on 16 (channel) for concerned traffic". We did the same thing when we approached "crash corner". The idea of course, is to warn vessels coming the other way. They can then call you on the radio, and you "negotiate" who passes the jetty, or crash corner, first. This seems to work very well, and I have been told there hasn't been a crash since everybody started doing this. After the first couple of times, going in and out of the Port Largo Canal it because a usually easy and comfortable routine.
I quickly ceased to worry about the cost. After all, being here and having Tesia and Sean fly down to go diving and snorkeling at John Pennekamp Coral Reef Park off our sailboat was a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Thus, its not a normal expense it has to be amortized! The math works as follows: THE LARGE EXPENSE OF STAYING AT MARINA DEL MAR is divided by 77 (the total number of years I will live if my life is of average life for a male in the US), producing a number which is in turn divided by 365 (the number of days that I'm alive each year) proving that the expense of staying here is, IN FACT, ONLY PENNIES PER DAY.
The slips at Marina Del Mar have two pilings on each side to secure the boat to, - and two cleats on the face dock for bow or stern lines (lots of boats back in to slips here). This is the best possible set-up for keeping the boat safe if there are high winds, because the lines to the pilings on each side can be used to "center" the boat and keep it from hitting pilings on the dock. There are also "finger docks" so that you can board the boat from the side (the usual arrangement). Merry happily found that she was able to get on and off the boat.
The owner of Marina Del Mar also owns the Holiday Inn, which adjoins it and the Marriot - as a result we have access to three beautiful swimming pools. One pool has a waterfall and Tikki Bar. One is very large - u shaped and big enough to swim laps. They offer free towels, free 'continental breakfast' and even free bags of popcorn in the afternoon. The showers and laundry room are for the exclusive use of boaters and they are maintained like the rest of the hotel - they are spotlessly clean! Brian the Dock-master, as well as the entire staff could not be nicer. The only marina we have ever stayed at that I liked more was the Hopetown Inn and Marina in the Bahamas.
There are also a dozen good restaurants within easy walking distance, along with dive shops and Divers supply a huge "discount" scuba store that also fills scuba tanks. There is a big Publix grocery store two miles up highway A1A. The place is perfect.
For me, it is also a place of dreams. The first summer that we were married - the summer of 1972 - Merry and I had watched the old movie Key Largo, starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, at our first apartment. We thought the movie was very romantic and we liked it a lot, and the experience of watching it is etched in my memory. Later, we loved Bertie Higgin's song - Key Largo: "We had it all - just like Boggie and Bacall - Sailing on to Key Largo (poor Bertie's only hit).
Years later, we drove down here twice with the kids and stayed at the Marina Del Mar Hotel. We went out on the "snorkel boats" with the kids, and I remember Sean and I chasing a 2 foot barracuda until it got mad at us and "turned" as if he was going to bite! Merry and I also bought a package of dives on a small dive boat and spent a lot of time underwater on the reef while the boys grandma, Merry's mother, took the boys to the pool and played cards.
Most of all, I remember having a great romantic dinner at a wonderful restaurant, and then walking with Merry along the canal, looking at all the boats - especially the sailboats. There was a beautiful young couple who owned a big old sailboat, and there was a homemade sign by the boat, advertising "day sails, snorkel trips, sunset cruises and weddings". I used to think, "imagine what it would be like to live on a sailboat at Key Largo! It must be wonderful beyond words."
Now we are here, and when Merry and I sit in the cockpit of our beloved Les Miserables in our slip at Key Largo, drinking wine or having dinner, and couples stroll by, I wonder what are they thinking?
Is it "imagine what it would be like to live on a sailboat at Key Largo?" Will they have a dream come true like mine - Or, if they are a young couple is it, " look at the two old people on the sailboat. I can't imagine what it is like to be old like that!"


text:
Princeton University and Yale University, respectively. An earlier version of this paper was presented at a joint session of the American Economic Association and the American Finance Association in Chicago on December 28, 1987. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation
Stock Prices, Earnings, and Expected Dividends
Article first published online: 30 APR 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb04598.x
1988 The American Finance Association
The Journal of Finance
Volume 43, Issue 3, pages 661–676, July 1988
Additional Information
How to Cite
CAMPBELL, J. Y. and SHILLER, R. J. (1988), Stock Prices, Earnings, and Expected Dividends. The Journal of Finance, 43: 661–676. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb04598.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 30 APR 2012
- Article first published online: 30 APR 2012
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text:
Vikings' coach is expected to meet with Brett Favre today in Mississippi
Minnesota Vikings' coach Brad Childress is expected to meet today with former Packers' quarterback Brett Favre.
Media reports said Childress left for Favre's Mississippi home late Wednesday, but the two did not get together last night.
Favre, 39, who's in his second retirement at the moment, is said to be agreeable to having a minor procedure on the torn biceps tendon in his throwing arm.


text:
The organisers of quadrangular under-19 cricket tournament were happy that the even went off well and the teams from West Indies, Sri Lanka and Australia appreciated the venues, the infrastructure and the hospitality provided to them.
ACA president D.V. Subba Rao said after the final match, in which India won a cliff-hanger final against Sri Lanka that the tournament left happy memories though there were some anxious moments when Sri Lanka started building up its score with singles.
Secretary of ACA G. Gangaraju said Visakhapatnam should host more ODIs. Manager (cricket operations) of BCCI Suru Nayak, ACA vice-president DVSS Somayajulu, secretary of North Zone of ACA N. Prabhakara Rao and administrator of the stadium and coordinator of the tournament B.J.J. Raju were present.
Keywords: under-19 cricket tourney


text:
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Remedy for the Shrinking TP problem
I've been getting so sick of toilet paper shrinking--the rolls are narrower, the 'squares' are now short rectangles, the paper itself is so thin you have to take more and more of it to make it useable. Note here, that I've always ONLY bought the brand name 1000 sheet rolls. It's gotten to the point that a roll of one of those only lasts about 2 days in our house--at most!
Here's a good tip--if you go to your local janitor supply store, you can still buy the 4.5" rolls (the wider ones). The paper is of a better quality, it's SO much cheaper, too. I just got 96 rolls for $55--that's only .57 per roll! These are 1000 sheet rolls. They're so much better, that now, I'm only using 2 rolls of TP per week. Now, I guess, the fact that you have to buy a case (96 rolls) could be seen by some as a disadvantage--but to me, it means I don't have to put TP on my list every week. Nice to know I don't have to keep picking it up every time I go to the store.
Several years ago I started doing some serious math to determine which TP was the least expensive - I wasn't concerned with softness, just cost.
As you point out azzalea, the variables of length, width, number and size of sheets vary so much and seem to change often, it made figuring price per roll tricky. You really don't get an accurate gauge if all you figure is the number of rolls divided into the price.
The only constant variable, and accurate variable, I could use in order to check prices was to weigh a roll of TP (using my kitchen scale) and figure the price by weight. Total price divided by the number of rolls only gives you price per roll, not how much you are paying per gram/ounce of paper. Some rolls are very light and others are much heavier.
What is the brand you are purchasing by-the-case? Is it 1-ply or 2-ply?
In my test, POM (a commercial-grade, which are individually wrapped in tissue paper) is a brand I can purchase by the case at Sam's Club, but it wasn't one that was a bargain for price when you consider the weight of an individual roll.
-Dollar General has a 4-pack and each roll has 1,250 sheets (1-ply) and weighs 215 grams per roll ($3.00/4-rolls).
-Quilted Northern (2-ply) weighs 125 grams per roll.
-POM (without the wrapper - 2-ply) weighs 165 grams.
-Scott Extra Soft (1-ply) weighs 130 grams
Now you can see how much disparity there is between brands when you calculate the weight of each roll.
That's certainly a viable method of comparison.
However, for me, I don't need to know which of ALL the available tissue rolls weigh more. My choices are very limited. I cannot use many brands because of allergies. With a FIL who was a plumber, the soft versions aren't on the table at all, of course--they're the worst thing you can use when it come's to your house's plumbing.
I'm really only concerned with getting a deal that's better for me.
The fact that the commercial rolls are about .20 a roll cheaper than Scott's (the ONLLY brand I've used for 38 years). The fact that the paper isn't loaded with ingredients that give me reactions. The fact that they are NOT narrower, and the paper isn't as thin are all excellant advantages. But for me? the real quantitative bottom line is the fact that I'm using at least 2 rolls less a week (of cheaper paper). To me, that's more important than the weight. Weight could be influenced by a lot of things (like the density of the adheasives, or the kinds of raw ingredients used for the pulp) or even the thickness of the cardboard roll. Seems to me, you could have a roll that weighs heavy, but isn't really going to give you any more uses than a lighter roll in many situations.
I don't have a square to spare, I just can't spare a square. - Somebody had to do it!
I also buy TP according to which one feels heavier. I compare once in a while but always find Angel Soft to be the best deal of the available brands. If they were giving Charmin away for free I wouldn't use it because it is so lint-y. And the commercials with the cartoon bears really gross me out and turn me off to their product.
For any brand, I think 2-ply and some quilting is a huge factor in how many squares you need. It seems that 4 2-ply quilted squares do a much better job than 10 squares of single-ply.
I've also noticed the diameter of the cardboard tube inside PT (paper towels) has grown. The rolls look the same size, but there's much more air in the middle now. I just buy the cheapest ones since I don't plan to do any of the ridiculous stuff you see people doing with them in the commercials. I don't use them as a strainer, and would never attempt to scrub anything with a PT, or rinse it to use again. That's what washable rags (and collanders) are for.
We also save money by using PT's instead of napkins. I hate unfolding a napkin anyway.
You really think PT's are cheaper than napkins? I haven't done the math, myself. I use pt's for pt's and napkins for napkins, but my SIL swears napkins are cheaper, so she uses them for paper towels--LOL! Honestly, I don't know which of you is right on that one.
The paper napkins we have in the house are "free" from restaurants, and the ONE roll of paper towels are ancient (at least 2-years old) because they are only there for "looks" on the cute paper towel holder. About the only time they are used is by a house guest. We use cloth napkins at the table and bar mops (white towels), rags and microfiber towels that can be laundered.
I hoard those extra paper napkins they toss on the table at a couple restaurants we go to occasionally (it's never less than 10 napkins). One time we got 2 ice cream cones at the drive-thru at McDonalds and they handed us 20 paper napkins with them, and that's how we accumulate paper napkins - I don't buy them.
Hubby uses them in his lunches. The one he used in his lunch we'll use in the evening with stainless steel pan cleaner to polish our pans when doing dishes, or to wipe gunk out of a pan. "Free" napkins are used to drain bacon, pick up that dropped egg on the floor, etc. I never buy paper napkins, and only rarely do I buy a roll of paper towels.
I'm skeptical of how weight will really tell you much. Similar to buying towels, sheets, pillows or any number of other things. It will not tell you the number of uses and IMO that's the only significant consideration when cost-comparing. A one-use amount of one brand weighing twice as much as a one-use amount of another brand is no benefit and would mislead if you buy solely by weight. If you have a 2 ply vs a 1 ply (or 3 ply for that matter), for me it makes little difference. Here, we still use about the same length of paper per use. The width is inconsequential too. It still goes back to the number of sheets per roll for me although actual length would be a good comparison. I'd be curious to see someone compare lengths of, say, the various 1000 sheet rolls. Although you could measure a sheet and multiply I guess. Granted the shortening of the "squares" could have some impact but I doubt it will really result in a big difference in number of uses unless you really use a long length per use. (Dang, it's so difficult to be "delicate"! LOL) I still buy the 1000 sheet rolls when I get them for about 25â-50â per roll. I like Scott brand but I'm not that brand loyal and I actually prefer the . Several times I pick it up after Target's "Value Valley" sales when the promo sizes are put on clearance, that is *if* it meets my price. Right now I've got about 8 rolls on the shelf from a sale (@25â each) plus a pack of 24 that I bought on clearance for something like 18â-20â per roll. Paper products don't spoil so stocking up on that is worthwhile.
I do have certain limits though, the ones that are so absolutely paper thin that they tear apart are not allowed, nor are the janitorial supply place ones that are like coated newsprint that several offices use don't come in my house either. Otherwise, I'm pretty open to trying different things.
I always love your thinking.... But "use" is the one variable you can't control, unless you are the only one in the household and have a 4-squares rule and only use it X-number of times per day - no matter what!!! But even then, that's just a use rule, not how much TP you have on the roll and how much you are paying for it.
I wonder, is there that much difference in the weight of the cardboard tube on a roll that weighs 215 grams (1,250 single-ply sheets) and the one that weighs 125 grams with 242 2-ply sheets? I will start weighing the cardboard tubes now, just out of curiosity. But I have noticed the Dollar General TP (215 grams) has a tube that is lighter than some of the other brands in my stash. The new tubeless rolls of TP have yet to be distributed in our area.
BTW - I've found the 1000 sheet brands, or in the case of the TP from the Dollar General store with 1,250 sheets, all noticeably last the longest, but what was the price per gram? Not all 1,000 sheet rolls weigh the same. K-Mart once carried American Fare - 190 grams, 1,000 1-ply sheets (comparable to Scott), was generally the price winner because they had it on sale several times a year. Now they carry Smart Sense - 195 grams, 1,000 1-ply sheets. While Scott Extra Soft - weighs 130 grams - 1,000 1-ply sheets. (Sorry, I don't have any regular Scott in my stash just now to weigh.)
Think of it this way.... If watermelon was on sale for $3 PER watermelon, and you could pick any watermelon out of a truckload of them, would you pick the lightest one, or the heaviest one?
BTW - the fluffier - gives off all kinds of fuzz and lint - brands, disintegrate into a fine powder if stored long enough. People who do "serious" home storage have discovered this happening to their stored TP and find most of the more paper-like, no fluff, 1000-sheet brands hold up in long-term storage better.
Two weeks ago I purchased a 12-pack of Quilted Northern - not a brand I generally purchase - I usually stick to Scott and other 1,000 sheet brands (found at K-Mart and Walgreens on sale). The Quilted Northern was regularly $8.99 (12-rolls - or .75 per roll - YIKES - who would pay THAT!!!), and I found it on the clearance rack for $4.49 AND I had a $1.00 off coupon, so I paid 29-cents per roll and will use it in my guest bathroom as a kinder, gentler, brand for guests ;-).
I am shorter on time than money and will not waste a precious second of that time on how to save money on TT. I economized when I was younger, used coupons, checked prices per ounce, etc., but never on TT. What is that syndrome called about being obsessive?
I compare the *square footage* in a package of TP. I don't really like the soft, very absorbant type. You have to use more to avoid it soaking through while in use. A local grocery store brand, "Homelife" has been the best deal I've found; three 'squares' are adequate. I'd like to look into buying from janitorial supply. How do you find such a store?
" ... three squares a day ...", huh?
When I was a kid, Dad used to refer to "three squares a day" as how fortunate we were to be able to eat an adequate meal that often.
When I was younger ... I had to "go" fewer times each day.
Is it eating too much, now?
Doing too little work?
I've been known to say that civilized men sit down to pee (or clean up the floor) ... but didn't always do so.
But now, I find that the sphincters seem to be building a greater frendship, so more inclined to doing things together ... or involved with sympathetic vibrations ...
... (or just plain colluding against me?)!
But - I'm finding that when I stop to do No. 1 ... I'd better be able to quickly get into the mode to accomodate No. 2 ...
... or wish that I had!
And laundry in winter, in Ontario, when one's rather addicted to hanging a wash outside on the line ...
... is not appreciated!
o j
Just a bit of an update, and a few comments.
Soft toilet paper? Never here--my FIL was a plumber. Soft toilet paper will cost you many times it's sticker price in the longrun. It solidifies in your pipes, and eventually, you will have a very expensive plumbing bill to take care of the problem. ONCE my husband bought 'soft' toilet paper because it was on sale. My FIL was retired by then, so we had to call RotoRouter--after 3 trips to the house, they told us their guarantee wouldn't cover us anymore (and they still hadn't removed the clog). It cost us ANOTHER visit by a different plumber to finally get that cleared up (so let's see, that 'sale' product cost us over $500!)
But back to my commercial TP--AS you can see by my post, I bought that about 9 months ago. We JUST bought our second carton. So $55 worth of TP lasted us about 9 months (we still have a couple of rolls from the last carton). The quality is just fine, and the rolls are the wider ones that you cannot buy in the grocery store any more.
Obviously, not everyone is willing to try my experiment, but we've been VERY satisfied with the results and the cost is SO much lower than buying 1000 sheet rolls at the grocery store, or WallyWorld.