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Sports and Recreation > Boating
Absolute Fishing Charters
Phone: (08) 8268 5690 | Location: Holdfast Shores Marina, Glenelg, SA | Web: http://www.absolutefishingcharters.com.au
Keen to travel offshore from Glenelg, to fishing grounds out of reach to the trailerboat masses. Then Absolute Fishing Charters is for you. Located in the Holdfast Shores Marina, Glenelg, Absolute Fishing Charters are only a 10 minute drive from the CBD.
Sayce Marine Surveys
Phone: (02) 9971 4055 | Location: Narraweena, NSW | Web: n/a
Small Craft Marine Surveys. Pre Purchase and Insurance Surveys. Shipwright/Surveyor Over 25 years experience. Mem:Australasian Institute of Marine Surveyors Mem:Shipwright& Boatbuilders Assoc. NSW
Victor Harbor Windscreens & Tinting
Phone: (08) 8554 3733 | Location: 4 Main Rd, Middleton, SA
Our company provides a range of services inc. all glass for vehicles, machinery and boats, window tinting to vehicles, houses and offices. We bill direct to your insurance company. A mobile service is also avaliable. We service all of the fleurieu region.
Prestige Harbour Cruises
Phone: (02) 8765 1225 | Location: 115 Cabarita Road, Cabarita, NSW | Web: http://prestigeharbourcruises.com.au
Prestige Harbour cruises are specialists in Sydney Harbour Lunch and Dinner Cruises. Private Luxury Boat Hire for Weddings, Corporate Events, Special Events and Social Occasions and Overnight Boat Charters on Sydney Harbour.
Eco Boats Australia
Phone: (02) 9929 8834 | Location: Northbridge Marina, Widgiewa Road, Northbridge, NSW (By Appointment Only), Northbridge, NSW | Web: http://www.ecoboats.com.au
Luxury electric boat sales and hire. Wide range of Australian built and imported electric boats and electric outboard motors. Quiet, emission-free cruising in comfort and style. Dealer for the Duffy Electric Boat Company, Solarboat, Ruban Bleu & Torqeedo
Phone: 0424 806 403 | Location: PO Box 23047, Docklands, VIC | Web: http://www.leisureboatsales.com.au
Australia's newsest and exciting online boat sales classifieds website. Providing a solution to easily sell, advertise and manage the sales process conviently in one place. Featuring sales in power boats, yachts, motoryachts, cruisers, catamarans and more
Oz Jet Boating
Phone: (02) 9808 3700 | Location: The Eastern Pontoon, Circular Quay, NSW | Web: http://www.ozjetboating.com
This is Sydney's most awesome Jet Boat ride! Jump aboard and we will spin, fish-tail and whirl you around the beautiful harbour. It's extreme and loads of fun! Rides depart daily but booking times vary. www.ozjetboating.com ph: 02 9808 3700
A Melbourne rope splicer
Phone: (03) 9376 9978 | Location: 41 woodruff st, Kensington, VIC | Web: http://www.ropemelbourne.com.au
I am a rope splicer and sell all types of rope. For a quote phone me 0410248458 or 0393769978
True blue fishing charters Gold coast
Phone: (07) 5510 9622 | Location: Pier C , Bayview st, Runaway Bay, QLD | Web: http://www.truebluefishing.com.au
Gold coast fishing charters and tours, offshore, deepsea,game,reef and calmwater charters. fast boats, experienced skippers and crew. fishing Qld waters for a variety of species. Bait and tackle supplied. visit our website www.truebluefishing.com.au
bjet marine
Phone: 0412 042 523 | Location: 1710 Pittwater Road, Bayview, NSW 2104, Forestville, NSW | Web: http://www.bjet.com.au
bjet offers a unique style of boat with an abundance of applications from big boat tenders, resort hire / drive or just personal enjoyment. Designed and handcrafted in Tasmania, these sexy little boats are now for sale through bjet marine.
Discount Ski Tubes and Gear
Phone: (02) 9750 2058 | Location: 2/328 King Georges Road, Beverly Hills, NSW | Web: http://www.discountskitubesandgear.com.au
Discount ski tubes and gear are specialists for all your Water sports and Boating Equipment. Find water skis, wakeboards, knee boards, tow ropes to boat covers, biminis, anchors, pumps, life jackets & safety equipment at great prices and friendly service.
Boab Boat Hire
Phone: 1300 002 622 | Location: Shaban Street, Albion Park Rail, NSW | Web: http://www.boabboathire.com.au
Boab Boat Hire - Australia's Leading Boat Hire Company. Self Drive boats for you to tow and drive yourself. Fishing, Skiing, Cruising. Boat Hire in Sydney Harbour- Boat Hire in Broome - Boat Hire in NSW, Boat Hire in WA, Boat Hire in QLD
Bay & Basin Marine
Phone: (02) 4443 4361 | Location: 152 Island Point Road, St Georges Basin, NSW | Web: http://baybasinmarine.com.au/
We are dealers for BRP Evinrude (Stocking the new etec range along with the new jonhnson 4 strokes), Shimano, Tweed bait, seacraft, Sea trail, North star-Navman, Seafaer marine, Hella, Dunbier, Poly Craft Boats, Yanmar diesel and club Marine agents. We
Sealand Marine
Phone: (03) 5979 1211 | Location: Westernport Marina, Mullet Street, Hastings, VIC | Web: http://www.sealand.bigpondhosting.com
Chandlery, yacht and power boat equipment, fishing tackle, bait. Service all major engine brands, agent for Volvo, Mercury, Honda, Yanmar and more. Shipwrights and antifouling services. Welding and manufacturing services. Electronics sales and installs.
Specmar Australia Aluminium Boat Kits
Phone: 0427 322 463 | Location: PO Box 1180 Hervey Bay 4655, Urangan, QLD
Suppliers of Router cut Aluminium Boat and Landing Craft KITS Avaiable as KIT or Hot works complete. E-Mail use for a Quotation email@example.com Approved safety Buoyancy Foam Survey Approved Supplied and sold Direct to Public.
Rib Rescue
Phone: (08) 9244 9515 | Location: 4/12 Zeta Cresent, O'Connor, WA
Complete repair, maintenance and rejuvenation solutions for Rigid Inflatable Boats. Leak identification and repair, gelcoat and fibreglass repair, Hypersheild flexible colour coating, full hull and tube respray, outboard servicing, detailing, accessories
Rafta Kayaks
Phone: 0418 366 922 | Location: Geelong, VIC
Custom built fibreglass kayaks factory direct, seakayaks , sprint/racing kayaks, recreational, sit on tops, fishing kayaks, paddle boards and all accessories, call us for prices and test paddles
Bluefin Boats
Phone: (07) 5571 5277 | Location: 9A Production Avenue, Gold Coast, QLD
Blue Fin Boats is amBlue Fin Boats is among one of the top boat building companies in Australia. We build high quality innovative boats for our valuable clients according to their specific needs.
Freedom Boat Hire
Phone: 0410 405 278 | Location: Adelaide Rd, Murray Bridge, SA
Locally owned South Australian business. When dealing with Freedom there are no hassles. Everything has been thought of to make your holiday stress free and more enjoyable. All that you need is a boat licence and you're ready to go!
Special Delivery
Phone: 0414 241 808 | Location: PO Box 772, Mosman, NSW
Yacht and power boat deliveries around the Australian coast, across the Pacific and Tasman.. For a complete picture, view our website www.special-delivery.com.au
Top towns for Boating listings
Murray Bridge
Runaway Bay
Sans Souci
St Georges Basin


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subset: commoncrawl


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Topping lift loads?
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Alex W
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Join Date: Oct 2012
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Re: Topping lift loads?
1/8" amsteel has a breaking strength of 2300lbs and makes a great topping lift. The small Harken carbo block is good for hundreds of pounds, which has been enough for my topping lift.
7/64" is more than strong enough too, but it's a bit harder to splice when it gets that small.
My main sheet is left adjusted so that it is slightly longer than the leech of my sail, and so it is slack when you are out sailing.
I'm no longer participating on SailNet.
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you are viewing a single comment's thread.
A couple other points.
i think Skull with make 3-4 cents per share Q3 on foreign exchange gains based on the rise in the Euro.Not that this reflects its business, but it impacts net income. They lost a couple cents per share last quarter on fx and still exceeded their estimates.
Since I began seriously following Skull this summer, I have researched the social trend and interest in this company for more time than I care to admit, which I think is relevant to Skull unlike alot of companies. Its amazing how many people know this brand. Just on FB alone, they have increased followers by !00k in two months.The majority of sentiment is positive which speaks strongly for a company that is so focused on growing the brand.
I do think EPS will hit an all time low before rallying up over time. No short squeeze will happen, but I think 20 happens next spring.
Good points Chaz and an astute observation concerning the FX aspect.
The published material out of Seeking Alpha has been bearish the last couple weeks. When it's at the top all their articles are bullish. So, being naturally contrary, and wondering who is paying to publish these bearish articles, I sort of suspect that worst case all we might see is a shakeout. But I don't have to sweat it; just wait for a buy trigger.


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Where to go for Christmas Bazaar / Open Houses
britta_2007August 10, 2007
Does anyone like to go to Christmas Bazaars? I am not sure that is what you would call it exactly. I mean the ones where a town gets all of the crafters and businesses together for 3 days and evenings or so of open houses and such?
What would be a good town to visit for one of these?


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Rate Dr. Steven Katz
Dr. Steven Katz's Ratings
This moron misdiagnosed me with RA. He wanted to push drugs more than have a logical conversation. He is not affiliated with the University either. That is a private clinic using the UOfA s office space.
Was this rating useful? 1 [[ userState['ratings'][2637313].votes_count ]]
Very pleasant, informative and supportive. Feel very fortunate to have access to a doctor of this calibre.
Was this rating useful? 1 [[ userState['ratings'][2552184].votes_count ]]
He does not give me any information. I have yet to see any proof that I have RA except that Dr Katz says so... The nurse said she felt 4 swollen joints. That doesn't seem like enough to me. Nor did it to the nurse. He doesn't care if I'm feeling better. He just wants to push drugs on me and make me feel like a crazy person for asking questions. I refuse to continue seeing this terrible doctor.
Was this rating useful? 4 [[ userState['ratings'][138684].votes_count ]]
Great doctor. Very helpful, remembers previous conversations, very considerate and knowlegable. Great bedside manner.
Was this rating useful? 2 [[ userState['ratings'][138683].votes_count ]]
My mother is very impressed with this doctor's expertise. He is very pleasant, helpful, knowledgeable and easy to talk to.
Was this rating useful? 2 [[ userState['ratings'][138682].votes_count ]]
Top Hospitals in Edmonton, AB
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Accident investigators begin work in earnest today in Halifax plane crash
DeRozan's big night leads Toronto Raptors to 99-96 win over Rockets
Bruce Jenner's son Burt has slammed Jamie Foxx for his transphobic joke...
A new website that groups Canadians into 68 "lifestyle types" makes a...
US-Mexico sign climate co-operation deal as Canada stalls on UN emissions...
You don't need to be preparing for a world boxing title to train like you are.
Troy "The Boss" Ross, who is expecting to get another world title shot in 2013, is offering a series of boot camps for those who want to get in shape, at the Bramalea Boxing Club beginning on Jan. 7. Ross said he wants to give back to the community and with people making their New Year's Resolutions this is a good time to do it.
"This is for all fitness levels, you go at your own pace," he said.
Ross said some may be a little intimidated by the thought of a boxer's workout but boxer training is one of the best ways to get in shape and you don't have to get into the ring with an opponent.
Sessions will be held both indoors and outdoors with a variety of exercises included and with the opportunity to put on the gloves to hit a bag. He said participants will have the option of morning classes, before they head out to work, or in the evening.
Ross, who was raised in Brampton still lives here with his wife and two young daughters. The other trainers in the program are Ross's cousin and coach Chris Amos and Steve Hayden a wrestler and body builder.
Participants can sign up for 10 sessions (each an hour to 90 minutes) for $150. The Bramalea Boxing Club is in the Balmoral Recreation Centre, 225 Balmoral Dr. For more information call 416-436-7207.
In September Ross fought Yoan Pablo Hernandez for the International Boxing Federation World Cruiserweight title, losing a controversial 12-round decision. Many in the crowd in Germany whistled when the decision was announced.
Ross had knocked Hernandez down twice during the fight and the two had a number of spirited exchanges including in the ninth round when Ross was staggered. It has been called the Fight of the Year.
"Because it was such an exciting fight they want to have a re-match," said Ross of the promoters. Three of his last four fights have been in Germany and Ross said he has gained a following in that country with some German fans even bringing Canadian flags to his fights.
Ross, who has a record of 25-3 with 16 KOs admitted he was very disappointed about the decision.
"I felt I had performed to the best of my abilities," he said. He said what has helped to get over that result was that he and his family spent six weeks traveling through Europe afterwards, visiting Germany, Italy and France, including Paris.
It is not the first time he has had disappointment while fighting for the title.
In 2010 he was fighting American Steve Cunningham for the vacant IBF title, and knocked him down but in the fifth round suffered a bad cut, the result of what appeared to be an inadvertent thumbing. The referee stopped the fight and awarded to Cunningham. The American refused to give Ross a re-match but early in 2012 Hernandez defeated Cunningham to take the title. The Cuban, who now lives in Germany is scheduled to defend his title against American Eric Fields in February in Berlin.
A two-time Canadian Olympian, Ross is 37 and is still very fit. While he waits word on his next ring opportunity he will be giving Brampton residents the chance to improve their own fitness.
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Bingo Country Brampton knows excitement. The popular bingo hall, located on Bovaird Drive just...
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Black with Black convertible top, 390 c.i. engine with 2 barrel carburetor, automatic transmission, mileage reads 46,636, stock Ford wire hub caps.... More
The 1968 912 Targa featured here is a very nice driver quality example. It has a correct; numbers matched motor which was rebuilt in... More
In production form, the Type 912 combined a 911 chassis / body shell with the 1.6L, four-cylinder, push-rod Type 616/36 engine, based upon the... More
Up for consideration is this Super Stock Clone, the 1963 Dodge Polara. For 1963, the Polara was lengthened to a 119'' wheelbase in an... More
Year: 1964 Make: Porsche Model: 904 Carrera GTS Type: Type Two-door, Two-Seat FIA GT Sports Car Steering: Left-Hand-Drive Completed: March 23rd, 1964 Chassis No.: 904-051 Original Engine No.: P*99047* (Type 547/3) Original... More
One of the finest Carrera 2's you will find in astonishing condition, three time concour winner, complete nut and bolt restoration performed by European... More
1968 Chevrolet Camaro Coupe -West Coast Rust Free Car -Freshly painted with new bumpers & spoilers -327 matching number engine, automatic transmission -Marina Blue with black vinyl top -Has... More
1968 Mustang Convertible that can be made into a nice driver. The car is in red with a black interior and it comes with... More
THIS IS A REALLY SLICK MUSTANG. AWESOME CURB APPEAL. SHOW QUALITY & PERFORMANCE BUILT MOTOR. THE PAINT IS GORGEOUS. GLASS FINISH VINTAGE BURGUNDY WITH... More
GROUND UP CUSTOM BUILT FOR 2 TIME PRO BOWL & 2 TIME SUPER BOWL WINNER RODNEY HARRISON. OVER $60,000. MECHANICS COMPLETELY REBUILT WITH UPGRADES.... More
1968 Toyota FJ45 Pickup, Absolutely amazing and perfectly restored truck from a solid and complete well maintained truck. Everything was carefully restored and the... More
THIS IS A REAL SS WITH #S MATCH 396 MOTOR, #S MATCH MUNCIE 4 SPEED, #S MATCH 12 BOLT POSI REAR. FACTORY BOLERO RED... More
Just in at our Livermore, CA showroom the My Hot Cars Team is happy to able to offer this extra clean daily driving 1964 Chevy... More
IF YOU ARE A SERIOUS CORVETTE PERSON THAN LOOK NO FURTHER. THIS ONE IS FOR YOU. NEW ARRIVAL AT OUR LAS VEGAS STORE.... More
One of the nicest if not the nicest 67 Camaro R/S , all original panels ,black plate California car, 350 engine with 425 HP... More


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Ask Slashdot: Anti-Theft Devices For Luggage? 293
from the limberger-cheese-spray-packs dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
Long piece of String?
Take care that if its stolen it will not be bad for you.
I've taken long train trips. If I expect to have to sleep, I get a room in a sleeper car. If you've got the money to spend on some sort of GPS tracking system and proximity alarm, you can afford a sleeper car. If you can't afford that, lock the zippers, tie the bag(s) to your leg and dream about the day when you can afford to travel in comfort. A well-designed travel bag will be configured so all of the zippers can come together in one location and be locked with a single lock. Even my super fancy camera/laptop bag with 5 external zippered pockets can be locked with two locks.
Can't you just take out insurance on your luggage and enjoy the trip? It it gets stolen, you'll get new gear.
If he's taking a multi-day train trip, it's almost certainly not in the US (may God have mercy on his soul if it is).
Live free or die.


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Not for Family Guy's Peter Griffin anyway.
Post-Paxo Poll of Polls
1 hour ago
I am not a sheep, I have my own mind
I have had enough of being told what and how to think
Whilst we are still allowed the remnants of free speech,
I will speak out.
I also reserve the right to discuss music, geekery, sport and Doctor Who


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Highlight: Allora & Calzadilla
Spotlight: Phillips New York
Featured: Ronald Feldman Fine Arts
Now On: Jack Spencer
Top Lot: Kim Keever
View Catalogue: Almut Heise
Over 9 MillionAuction Results
Featured Member:Art XXI
Upcoming Auction atPoly Auction (Hong Kong)
Sample Report
Japanese Sea Nettles I
Price on Request
Art of Dying
Opera Bat
Monkey Eyes
Many of you have enjoyed the worldwide success of the Dogs Gods and Equus projects. For this exhibition we are choosing to show other aspects of Tim Flach's work. Here is a chance to see some truly extraordinary images, many being shown for the first time. The new work reflects Tim's current preoccupation with the contemporary relationship between humans and non-human animals, focussing on how we engage with them within the contexts of history, culture, politics and science. This will all come together in the new book, More than Human, due for publication in October 2012 with a launch and exhibition at the gallery. Through Tim's unique vision and ability to challenge the viewer, he has created a series of images which encompass not only his personal beliefs, but the concepts common in modern and historical religious and cultural symbolism, the human obsession with 'cuteness', cross-breeding, the blurred line between human and animal genetic modification, conservation, morphology and plasticity. Tim brings the viewer into an unnatural proximity to his subjects, encouraging discussion on the human-animal boundary and attitudes towards non-human animals and the changing relationships, both literally and allegorically, between man and animal.
For more information and images contact Brian Porter at the gallery: firstname.lastname@example.com


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|Ex-CEO gets prison; fraud targeted NBA union
|Written by Admin
|Tuesday, 10 June 2014 08:43
U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman imposed the sentence on Joseph Lombardo after rejecting defense arguments that his crime didn't constitute fraud because there was no financial harm to the National Basketball Players Association.
The forged signature alone ''is fraud, pure and simple,'' Furman said in federal court in Manhattan.
Lombardo, 73, of Gates Mills, Ohio, pleaded guilty last year to charges of mail fraud and hindering the investigation by lying to a grand jury.
The founder and former chief executive of Prim Capital Corp. told the judge on Tuesday that he regretted ''stupid, arrogant and criminal acts'' that left a successful career in ruins.
''There's no excuse for what I did,'' he said. ''I should have known better.''
Prim Capital had managed up to $250 million of the union's assets, reviewed individual players' investments and conducted financial seminars for players for more than a decade. Fearing that the union was seeking to fire the firm amid a federal probe of its finances, Lombardo concocted a contract in 2013 that demanded more than $3 million in fees for five years, prohibited cancellation and had the signature of the union's general counsel, Gary Hall.
An investigation found that the fake contract was drawn up months after Hall's death. Lombardo admitted a ''Gary A. Hall'' signature stamp was used to falsify the document.
Another Prim Capital executive arrested in the probe, Carolyn Kaufman, was convicted at trial late last year and sentenced to three months of probation for conspiracy to obstruct justice. A recording had captured Lombardo coaching on how to mislead investigators to cover their tracks, prosecutors said.
Lombardo was ordered to begin serving his prison term by July 25.


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Darktable 1.2 RAW converter
Geotagging with Maps
A major innovation in Darktable 1.2 is the geotagging functionality. The map link at the top right takes you to the appropriate window (Figure 9), where you can drag images from the scroll bar or press Ctrl+F and then position them on the map.
The available map sources include several variants of OpenStreetMap, Google's services, and some other providers. As usual Darktable adds the geotagging information to the sidecar files.
The previous versions of Darktable already gave users a powerful tool. The current 1.2 release adds many new features and modes, or significantly improves existing ones, thus making the workflow even more effective. The fixed workflow and advanced style features make the program perfectly suited for editing both individual images and large sets of images.
The tools, however, do have a learning curve, but it is time well spent: Once you understand how to use the functions that are important for your work, you will probably go back to Darktable time after time – if only to save time. The new options offered by the tools, conditional blending, and masks enhance the software significantly. Darktable 1.2 can thus compete with any commercial RAW converter and perform well in a comparison.
Beside RAW formats Darktable also imports JPEG and TIFF images. This opens up additional applications: For example, you can load the images you need for your next presentation, sharpen them up, and save them again with a frame. If the images use an input format that Darktable does not support, you can convert them first with Convert or Converseen [4].
- Website: http://www.darktable.org
- Features: http://www.darktable.org/features/
- Darktable repositories: http://www.darktable.org/install/
- "Converseen" by Karsten Günther, Linux Magazine September 2010, pg. 66
- Darktable developers: http://www.darktable.org/contact/
- Manual: http://www.darktable.org/usermanual/index.html.php
- Setting up masks: http://www.darktable.org/2012/03/upcoming-features-conditional-blending/
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Microsoft Frees Code for .NET Build Engine
MSBuild is now just another GitHub project as Redmond continues its path to the light.
Researchers Demonstrate Hack by Heat
Malware could pass data and commands between disconnected computers without leaving a trace on the network.
Kernel Developers Adopt Code of Conflict
New rules emphasize collegiality in coding.
Ubuntu Switches to systemd
Upstart lands in the dust bin as a new era begins for Linux.
Old Vulnerabilities Are Kept Alive Through Bad Configuration
HP's annual Cyber Risk report offers a bleak look at the state of IT.
Linus Torvalds Announces Linux 4.0
But what do the big numbers really mean?
Microsoft Frees CoreCLR
.NET Core execution engine is the basis for cross-platform .NET implementations.
New Trojan Attacks Linux Servers
The Xnote trojan hides itself on the target system and will launch a variety of attacks on command.
Cisco Releases Annual Security Report
Spammers go low-volume, and 90% of IE browsers are unpatched.
Zero Day Exploits Target Flash
Adobe scrambles to release patches for vulnerable Flash Player.


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The Pragmatic Bookshelf
By programmers for programmers
Sort by: Title | Release Date
Ruby Performance Optimization
You don't have to accept slow Ruby or Rails performance. In this comprehensive guide to Ruby optimization, you'll learn how to write faster Ruby code—but that's just the beginning. See exactly what makes Ruby and Rails code slow, and how to fix it. Alex Dymo will guide you through perils of memory and CPU optimization, profiling, measuring, performance testing, garbage collection, and tuning. You'll find that all those "hard" things aren't so difficult after all, and your code will run orders of magnitude faster.
Mazes for Programmers
A book on mazes? Seriously?
Not because you spend your day creating mazes, or because you particularly like solving mazes.
But because it's fun. Remember when programming used to be fun? This book takes you back to those days when you were starting to program, and you wanted to make your code do things, draw things, and solve puzzles. It's fun because it lets you explore and grow your code, and reminds you how it feels to just think.
Sometimes it feels like you live your life in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike. Now you can code your way out.
Hello, Android (4th edition)
Google Android dominates the mobile market, and by targeting Android, your apps can run on most of the phones and tablets in the world. This new fourth edition of the #1 book for learning Android covers all modern Android versions from Android 4.1 through Android 5.0. Freshly added material covers new Android features such as Fragments and Google Play Services. Android is a platform you can't afford not to learn, and this book gets you started.


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A Professional Perspective On Apple's Retina Display 346
from the eye-for-an-eye dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
Apparently we should never ask a scientist, "How do you like *them* Apples?"
And since you can't actually HOLD the fucking phone to make calls, looking at it is all you're going to do with it.
Punch card: the most important part is the part that's not there.
Good point: I never actually thought about that.
Also, I never bothered to do the math, but if I'm not grossly mistaken a full-HD screen with 300 dpi resolution would have to be 7"-7.5" big.
I'd hit that.
That's all and pretty and works pretty well... until you rotate the phone 90 degrees.
Oh, and totally sucks for developers to work with non-square pixels. Reminds me of 8-bit Atari, Graphics 11. 80×192 in landscape aspect ratio, pixels half a millimeter tall, half a centimeter wide.
Leading scientists have proven that Sears Silvertone electrical appliances contain scant amounts of silver. Some contain no silver at all!!!
Of course Sears didn't have a former coke dealer go on stage and claim silver content.
Still, this used to be Slashdot. Why do we put up with all this macfag gibber?
Using the term 'Retina Display' to describe a high-resolution screen might just be the most misleading thing I've heard come from Apple's PR department yet. A 'Retina Display' in the proper sense, actually projects an image onto the retina of the eye with no need for an actual display screen. This is not a Retina Display, and is clearly designed to stir up hype where none is deserved.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_retinal_display [wikipedia.org]
At this point, I don't think anything Apple can do will bring me to appreciate their products, especially if they continue to ride other companies' coattails into their next generation products
Yes, congratulations, you have a front-facing camera now. That's not going to make the iPads without one sell any better, and I'm sure having two cameras and a massively complex display is going to just trash your battery time, even if you did put in a slightly bigger battery.
Their 'multitasking' is hardly that. You can SWITCH between running programs, but that doesn't mean that you can actively use more than one at a time. The one in the background appears to be completely halted while using something else. If they're using the iPad processor it seems like it wouldn't have any more multitasking than that architecture allows, which is little to none. On my droid I can run SecondLife, Pandora, another radio station from anywhere, surf the web, and watch videos - all at the same time. All of these programs can take input or provide information at the same time. Nice try Apple.
In summary, get a Droid Incredible if you want a fun, open experience. Buy an iPhone 4G if you want the same old shit with a new name and box.
the iPhone is better than print. I can hit the center button and no one can tell I was looking at porn while at work/on the bus/etc. You do that with a copy of Juggs, Hustler or Nasty Asians
You know, this isn't the first problem the iPhone 4 has had with going down to one bar.
You are false data.


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Add To Favorites
Create a tiny collection of your favorite items. Call your friends over to peek into your miniature museum--and make their own!
Museums contain large collections of similar and important things. There are art museums, natural history museums, historical museums, and many other kinds.
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Cut and glue construction paper into the front arch of your box. Cut the paper vertically to make two doors.
Cut construction paper to fit the inside floor and walls of your museum. Glue in place with Crayola School Glue.
Arrange your museum collection on the walls. Glue in place. Create decorative frames for your pictures by drawing around them with a Crayola Marker.
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Decorate your columns, pedestals, capitals, and pediment with Crayola Markers or Gel Markers and Crayola Glitter Glue. Dry.
Let's make something!
Do you like to fish? Make a 3-D triarama of your favorite fishing spot.
Add To Favorites
Shine a beacon on lighthouses! Explore Peggy's Cove in Nova Scotia, or other legendary lighthouses. Then make your own a
Wear a colorful shirt and listen to Hawaiian music to set the mood. As you make this replica tapa cloth, you'll feel lik
Getting along with each other is one of the most important aspects of life. This thought-provoking and enjoyable project
Dragon boat racing entertains people all over the world. Children can make replicas of dueling dragon boats!
Ancient Egyptians made their own paper—and you can, too! Then write a message in hieroglyphics or create a treasure map
In Venice, Italy, the streets are canals and the cars are boats! Find out about this fascinating place, then create your
Create bold and beautiful designs with glue and Crayola Twistables® Crayons. You'll be amazed to find hidden talent with


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MEN'S BASKETBALL: UND reportedly landing New Mexico State transfer
A UND men's basketball team roster is going to be a must for fans early next season.
According to the Las Cruces Sun Times, North Dakota is landing another Division I transfer.
Get the full story
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Howard is in....we lost already. Pretty sad when you score 4 or more goals and can't win. Can't wait to tear Jimmy apart tonight! Hey Babs, when you go to Toronto this summer, we'll send you Jimmy. I am sick of Babcock and his experiments to get people going...he is gonna f*** around and back out of the playoffs.
Dude relax. Things will be fine. Yes Howie is having a rough stretch since he returned. But it's gonna be fine. We're the ones in a position of strength here. We've got games in hand on Boston. And points (granted the gap has closed) in hand on both the B's and Ottawa. I'd much rather be where we are now with a team that has shown it can burn anyone when firing on all cylinders than last year, when we were scratching and clawing our way just to get in to the playoffs.
If it were me though, I would have gone with Mrazek tonight. But that's just me. I hear you on Howie LeftWinger, but I believe he'll be fine. He just needs to figure it out, and yes it's come at a really bad time, but we all couldn't have expected this season just to have gone plain sailing, so adversity right before the playoffs is good if you ask me. Look back 7-8 months ago, when half of this forum probably was calling for the wings to tank, and believed that this team had no shot at even making the playoffs. Yet here we are, with 10 games left, in a good position. Let's just think about that for a second.
It's not good for us fans, because most of us are now s******* a brick, but I believe we'll make it. Just gotta take 2 of the next 3, and take it game by game.
Both Boston and Ottawa are in tough tonight (Bruins/Ducks, Sens/Rangers), so it's a huge night of hockey.


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Holiday Hours
The Tellepsen Family Downtown YMCA will be open for regularly schedule hours on Good Friday, April 3 from 5 am-9 pm. We will be closed on Easter Sunday, April 5.
Summer is the time for kids to get up, get out and grow. Join us on Saturday, April 25 for information on our upcoming summer programs, family fun activities, and cool giveaways! Learn more>
New Morning Overflow Parking Available
Surface lot parking is now available in the morning at the lot located on Travis between Jefferson and Pease. This parking option is available from 5-8 am Monday through Friday. For more information, please visit the Welcome Center or call 713-659-8501.
New Group Exercise Schedule
Our new group exercise schedule is now in effect. A full schedule of classes including descriptions, times and cost is available online.
New Swim Lessons
Swim lessons are now available for all ages! Registration is now open for all classes including Introductory, Beginner, and Advanced classes. For more information, please visit our Welcome Center. Schedule>
After School
In YMCA After School Care, kids engage in physical, learning and imaginative activities that encourage them to explore who they are and what they can achieve. Learn more>


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Back in the old West a lot of the toughest codgers tried tortoise ranching, but it died out because it took years to drive the herds up to Kansas City or Chicago. On a good day they might cover a mile and a half, but most days they could only drive them about a mile because a herd has to graze. There was no use bringing skinny turtles to market. In frontier towns along the drive it was a always big week when the boys brought a herd through, and people would grab their kids out of the streets in case there was a stampede as the torts got a whiff of the salad bar at the Golden Corral and Saloon.
A lot of people don't realize it, but Westerners learned to say little and talk slowly so they didn't run out of things to say during the big tortoise drives. Now that's part of our Western culture. But then came the barbed wire fences, and the last of the free-grazing tortoise drives stopped because the tortoises didn't give a s**t about the barbed wire, but the cowboys would have to carry their beer coolers and lawn chairs the long way round and try to catch back up to the stock, and that was just too much work for the world's laziest f**king ranchers.
The only ones left are the ones who run mixed herds of cattle and tortoises, like Cliven Bundy's family. If the BLM wins, an historic and traditional American way of life will come to a final, bitter end, and this nation will close a fascinating chapter of its history.
I did not know that.


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Tag Archives: Radio City Music Hall
Derek Hough Takes Radio City Music Hall
When you add two awesome and successful things together, they're bound to create an even more awesome result. Such is … Continue reading
Rockettes Launch Their Very Own YouTube Channel
We don't pass up any opportunity to live vicariously through the fabulous Rockettes. We've taken you behind-the-scenes at their auditions, … Continue reading
The 2013 Tony Awards: Highs and Lows
Did you catch the Kinky Boots Awards last night? Uh, I mean the Tony Awards? Yes, it seemed like Cyndi … Continue reading
The 2013 Tony Awards are Tonight!
Broadway nerds rejoice! The 2013 Tony Awards will be live tonight from Radio City Music Hall in NYC at 8/7c … Continue reading
Behind the Scenes at Radio City Music Hall
Growing up, I dreamed of one day visiting Radio City Music Hall. Not only is it home to the fabulous, … Continue reading
You Will Not Believe This Video.
Ready for your jaw to hit the floor? Check out this video EIC Kate Lydon found. Holy balances, Batman! The … Continue reading


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• New Interview With The Pumaman Star Walter G. Alton, Jr.
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A Hercules movie (always good fodder for MST3K), the marvelously bad The Thing That Couldn't Die, the hilariously inept Pumaman, and Untamed Youth. Classics!Published 9 days ago by Stephen W Osborne
"The Thing That Couldn't Die," filmed with a no-name cast while Universal was busy laying off its writers, is a slow-moving 1958 horror movie about a teenage "water witch," her... Read morePublished 14 days ago by Roochak
Puma Man is the reason to buy this box. The others aren't that great in my opinion. But Puma Man is sooo incredibly funny, I'm glad I purchased this set.Published 24 days ago by E. E. Easter
In an effort to preserve my precious V.H.S. tapes I am building my collection in DVD.... when it is complete then I WILL RULE THE WORLD!!!!Published 1 month ago by Stefuny
If you don't find yourself laughing out loud at some of the stuff these guys say - you're dead.Published 1 month ago by johnthebaker
These were gifts for my stepdaughter and she could not have been more thrilled!Published 2 months ago by curlygirl61
|From this Discussion
|Can we get The Undead PLEASE!
And please please include Daddy-O in that set. Set XXX should be
The Undead
Mar 18, 2014 by Robert A. Church | See all 4 posts


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With old-school style so good it was bound to come back around sooner or later, the Tredici are a look and comfort staple. Featuring full-grain suede, chrome-laced D-rings and a buff EVA sole, these shoes will become your everyday about-town signature.
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Character Ranks... Beyond RA!
View Single Post
Archived Post
Lt. Commander
Join Date: Dec 2007
Posts: 120
# 757
Originally Posted by
Traditionally the rank of Commodore is granted to the leader of a task force or squadron who is of equal rank to other officers within the group in order to establish chain of command.
So if you have a squadron of 12 ships where the commanding officers consist of 3 Captains, 4 Commanders and 5 Lt. Commanders you would give one Captain the temporary rank of Commodore to denote the fact that his orders supersede those of the other captains.
you are very correct, once apon a time that did acur, there is something some wheres written in the Chain of Command Doctrine that says this is still practiced today in the event that a battle group needed to be formed at a given time other than port side.
the army does it, naturally they not called commodores thou, and we still call them by given rank, they only just become a NCO/CO to fit the role of command, even thou he/she may not be in actual command, its just to ensure the ranks dont fall apart. if that makes sense.


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El Borma
|El Borma
|Commune and town
Location of El Borma commune within Ouargla Province
|Coordinates: 31°39′23″N 9°10′45″E / 31.65639°N 9.17917°ECoordinates: 31°39′23″N 9°10′45″E / 31.65639°N 9.17917°E
|Ouargla Province
|El Borma District
|• Total
|47,261 km2 (18,248 sq mi)
|252 m (827 ft)
|Population (2008)[2]
|• Total
|• Density
|0.068/km2 (0.18/sq mi)
|Time zone
El Borma (Arabic: اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺔ) is a town and commune, which is coextensive with El Borma District, in Ouargla Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 3,250,[2] up from 1,997 in 1998.[3] and an annual population growth rate of 4.9%, the second highest in the province.[2] The town is located on the border with Tataouine Governorate, Tunisia.
El Borma is located amidst the vast sand dunes of the Grand Erg Oriental in eastern Algeria. The location is notable for its underground petroleum reservoirs.
El Borma has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters. The climate is similar to the one of Ouargla. Daytime temperatures are soaring during summer months as they consistently turn around 45 °C (113 °F) between June and September.
El Borma's economy is supported by the petroleum industry, due to the oil fields in the area. Grazing is also significant, although limited because of the marginal plant life in the area. Agriculture is currently unfeasible due to the lack of sufficient water supplies.[1]
El Borma is an isolated town, with no significant settlements or major roads nearby. A local road leads west to Hassi Messaoud about 300 kilometres (190 mi) to the west, and branches off to the south, reaching Ghadames in Libya and Debdeb in Illizi Province about 180 kilometres (110 mi) to the south.
The town is served by El Borma Airport across the border in Tunisia.[4]
1.6% of the population has a tertiary education (the lowest in the province), and another 3.5% has completed secondary education.[5] The overall literacy rate is 42.6%, and is 54.7% among males and 28.5% among females. All three rates are the lowest in the province.[6]
The commune is composed of eight localities:[7]
- El Borma
- Rhoud El Baguel
- El Masder
- Bordj Saïf Fatima
- Bordj Bir El Djedid
- Bordj Bir Larache
- Keskassa
- Erg Yagoub
- ^ a b "Official website of the province of Ouargla - El Borma" (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- ^ a b c "Population: Ouargla Wilaya" (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ "Algeria Communes". Statoids. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- ^ "El Borma Airport". OurAirports. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- ^ "Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence." (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence ." (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- ^ "Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'El Oued" (in French). Journal officiel de la République Algérienne,. 19 December 1984. p. 1551. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013 or before. Retrieved 2 March 2013. Check date values in:
|Douar El Ma (El Oued)
|Tataouine (Tunisia)
|Rhoud El Baguel
Hassi Messaoud
|Al Jana'in (Tunisia)
|Gassi Touil
Bordj Omar Driss (Illizi)
|Ghadames (Libya)
|Tieret (Tunisia)


text:
View all Fixtures (LED)
Wall Pack - Facility Management Product Release
RAB Lighting
website | Company information
SLIM LED wallpacks provide 97 lumens per watt. They have a compact, low profile and are available in 12-, 18- and 26-watt models with cool, neutral or warm color temperatures. Can be mounted as an uplight or a downlight and is suitable for wet locations.
- Daylighting Advantages And Disadvantages
- EPAct 2005: The Energy Policy Act of 2005 Explained
- Fluorescent Lamp Disposal: What Are The Options?
- Getting Started With Lighting Occupancy Sensors
- T5 vs. Metal Halide: Finding The Energy Savings
- The T8 Ballast: Not Every Ballast Is Created Equal
- Innovative Products: Lighting Controls
- Western Michigan University Relamping Team Brings Efficiency to Maintenance Department
- Relamping Team Cleans up University's Lighting Clutter
- Consider exterior lighting upgrades as savings source
- Controlling Lighting Systems
- Controlling Lighting Systems
posted: 2/26/2013
Search Wall Pack on FacilityZone.com


text:
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Dollar at four year lowJanuary 30th, 2015 at 9:00 am by David Farrar
The Herald reported:
The New Zealand dollar dropped, touching a four-year low, after the Reserve Bank abandoned its bias for raising interest rates and said a rate cut was a possibility.
The kiwi fell to 73.27 US cents at 5pm in Wellington and earlier fell as low as 73.18 cents, from 74.52 cents late yesterday. The trade-weighted index declined to 75.83 from 76.79.
Not that long ago some politicians were demanding that the Government intervene and presumably spend billions trying to move the currency level. This is a good reminder how variable the exchange rate can be, and that calls for the Government to intervene are silly and potentially very costly.
Think how much money you can lose by trying to manipulate the exchange rate to get it to the level some politician thinks it should be.Tags: Exchange Rates


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It's time to vote for the Ask the Truth question you'd like us to answer next. And submit a question of your own, while you're at it.
The three elementary schools in Elkhart were named after educators who dedicated decades of their lives to the city's youth.
The Elkhart County Home was demolished in the 1980s, but it once provided opportunities for the poor or mentally ill to work the land for a place to live.


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A narrow susceptor is incorporated into the die in the vicinity of a bondline between two or more parts in an induction heating workcell. When the induction coil of the workcell is energized, the susceptor heats and preferentially heats the parts near the bondline. The preferential heating is localized at the bondline and reduces energy losses otherwise expended to heat large thermal masses in the workcell or to heat the entire parts.
1. A method for joining large metal aerospace structure made by joining two workpieces using localized induction heating provided by an induction coil to heat the structure along a bondline to a joining temperature to reduce processing time and energy consumption, comprising the steps of:
(a) assembling at least two workpieces to define an assembly having a joint interface at the bondline to form the structure;
(b) placing the assembly in an induction heating press with the bondline adjacent a surrounding ribbon coil susceptor susceptible for induction heating and incorporated into a wall of a die adjacent the joint interface;
(c) energizing the induction coil to heat the susceptor and thereby to heat the workpieces locally at the joint interface;
(d) applying pressure by pushing the workpieces together laterally when the bondline reaches the joining temperature to produce a jointed part having a geometry;
(e) monitoring the geometry of the joined part; and
(f) de-energizing the coil.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the induction heating press includes ceramic dies in which the induction coil is embedded, energizing involves flowing alternating current through the coil at a frequency of about 3-10 kHz, and a braze alloy is sandwiched by the workpieces at the bondline and melts at the joining temperature to braze the workpieces together.
3. A product of the method of claim 1 in the form of a boom.
4. An induction heating apparatus for brazing metal parts together with a braze joint, comprising:
(a) matching cast ceramic dies having mating surfaces and an inset susceptor liner on a narrow portion of the mating surfaces, the liner being aligned at the braze joint; and
(b) an induction coil embedded in the dies adjacent to the liner.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
locating a braze alloy having a melting temperature along the bondline wherein energizing heats the braze alloy to its melting temperature and wherein the energizing and pressure application steps produce a braze joint at the bondline.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one workpiece is titanium.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein at least one workpiece is titanium.
8. The method of claim 2 wherein the workpieces are titanium.
9. A product of the method of claim 2 in the form of a boom.
10. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising means for injecting inert gas around the metal parts.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of cleaning the joint interface to provide an oxide-free surface for bonding.
12. An energy efficient method for joining at least two workpieces into large metal aerospace structure at a joint formed along a bondline, the method using localized induction heating from a surrounding induction coil to heat a localized portion of the structure in the vicinity of the joint, the coil having a longitudinal axis, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) assembling at least two, metal workpieces in abutting relationship to define a bondline;
(b) placing a braze alloy along the bondline;
(c) positioning the bondline in a press substantially within the induction coil while having lateral portions of the workpieces extend outside the localized portion, the bondline being substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the coil;
(d) positioning a susceptor between the coil and the workpieces at the bondline, the susceptor defining a heating region of relatively thin lateral dimension centered on the bondline, the susceptor being susceptible to induction heating and having a Curie temperature substantially the same as the temperature at which the braze alloy melts;
(e) energizing the coil to heat the susceptor to its Curie temperature and, thereby, to heat the workpieces locally at the bondline to the temperature at which the braze alloy melts;
(f) pressing the workpieces laterally inwardly to increase pressure along the bondline when the braze alloy melts while continuing to energize the coil, thereby forming a braze joint between the workpieces at the bondline;
(g) de-energizing the coil and cooling the structure.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the susceptor is inset into a wall of a ceramic die in a press, the ceramic die defining a lateral support area adjacent the bondline and being shaped to conform to the shape of the workpieces, the ceramic die also providing thermal insulation around the bondline so that heat from the susceptor flows to the workpieces in the vicinity of the bondline rather than to the press.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of:
monitoring lateral movement of the workpieces inwardly to obtain a desired final geometry.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the Curie temperature is about 1950� F., the workpieces are titanium, and the pressure is about 2000 psi.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the steps of:
(a) cleaning surfaces of the workpieces that abut at the bondline to provide oxide-free, pure metal interface; and
(b) injecting an inert gas around the workpieces while they are being heated to protect them from oxidation.
17. The brazed metal product of the method of claim 16 in the form of a boom.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the susceptor is about 2 inches wide.
19. The method of claim 12 wherein each workpiece has a flat face so that the bondline is a flat surface normal to the longitudinal axis of the coil.
20. The method of claim 12 wherein the workpieces are profiled to provide a substantially uniform pressure in the bondline.
The present application is a continuation-in-part application based upon U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/169,655, filed Dec. 16, 1993 (which was a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/777,739, filed Oct. 15, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,132). The present application also is a continuation-in-part application based upon U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/092,050, filed Jul. 15, 1993 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,133 (a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/681,004, filed Apr. 5, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,229,562). Finally, the present application is also a continuation-in-part application based upon U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/151,433, filed Nov. 12, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,400. We incorporate these applications and patents by reference.
The present invention is a method for to joining large metal structures using localized induction heating to heat the joint or bondline efficiently and rapidly and hydraulic rams to create high pressures at the bondline. In particular, the method involves brazing.
The tools or dies for metal processing typically are formed to close dimensional tolerances. They are massive, must be heated along with the workpiece, and must be cooled prior to removing the completed part. The delay caused to heat and to cool the mass of the tools adds substantially to the overall time necessary to fabricate each part. These delays are especially significant when the manufacturing run is low rate where the dies need to be changed after producing only a few parts of each kind.
Airplanes are commonly made from metal or composite with prefabricated parts assembled and fastened or riveted together. The labor cost for fastening is a significant cost clement and the fasteners add weight that limits overall performance and capability or adversely impacts operational costs. For military aircraft, weight translates to payload/range which is critical with modern technology where a small advantage can mean the difference between success and failure. For commercial aircraft, while weight does not translate to survivability, it is still a significant factor because the capital cost plus the operating cost are the key elements of the airline's expense. For large structure, like the wing-carry-through structure, even fastening isn't available. Instead, these structures that must be produced to close tolerance are made by electron beam welding or diffusion bonding in a hot press. Both processes are expensive and are plagued with difficulties. Electron beam welding imposes post weld stress relief requirements, weld inspection, and warpage straightening. In addition, the electron beam welding process requires expensive tooling to create closely machined joints and large "high vacuum" chambers. Hot press diffusion bonding suffers from difficulties in repeatability as well as high tooling costs, long cycle times, and inefficient energy consumption. Technologies to reduce cost and weight, accordingly, are dear in the aircraft industry. The present invention is a brazing operation using Boeing's induction heating workcell which promises significant cost and weight savings for the manufacture of large aerospace assemblies. With diffusion bonding, the entire part is heated which is problematical because it is important to hold dimensional tolerance when the complicated assembly softens. Localized heating would reduce the problems associated with heating the entire part and would conserve energy.
Commonly, in our induction heating operations, we use a retort of sealed susceptor sheets around the entire metal workpieces to control the atmosphere around the workpiece and to achieve uniform heating, as described in greater detain in U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,400 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/452,216 entitled Combined Heating Cycles for Improving Efficiency in Induction Heating Operations, which we incorporate by reference. The susceptor is heated inductively and transfers its heat principally through conduction to the preform or workpiece that is sealed within the susceptor retort. While the metals in the workpiece may themselves be susceptible to induction heating, the metal workpiece needs to be shielded in an inert atmosphere during high temperature processing to avoid oxidation of the metal, so we usually enclose the workpiece (one or more metal sheets) in a metal retort when using our ceramic tooling induction heating press.
Induction focuses heating on the retort and workpiece and eliminates wasteful, inefficient heat sinks. Because the ceramic tools in our induction heating workcell do not heat to as high a temperature as the metal tooling of conventional, prior art presses, problems caused by different coefficients of thermal expansion between the tools and the workpiece are reduced. Furthermore, we are energy efficient because significantly higher percentages of our input energy goes to heating the workpiece than occurs with conventional presses. Our reduced thermal mass and ability to focus the heating energy permits us to change the operating temperature rapidly which improves the products we produce. Finally, our shop environment is not heated as significantly from the radiation of the large thermal mass of a conventional press.
We can perform a wide range of manufacturing operations in our induction heating press. These operations have optimum operating temperatures ranging from about 350� F. (175� C.) to about 1950� F. (1066� C). For each operation, we usually need to hold the temperature relatively constant for several minutes to several hours while we complete the operations. While we can achieve temperature control by controlling the input power fed to the induction coil, we have discovered a better and simpler way that capitalizes on the Curie temperature. By judicious selection of the metal or alloy in the retort's susceptor facesheets, we can avoid excessive heating. With improved control and improved temperature uniformity in the workpiece, we produce better products.
As described to some degree in U.S. Pat. No. 4,622,445 and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,410,132, we discovered an improvement for an SPF process coupling the use of ceramic dies with inductive heating. With our inductively heated SPF press or workcell, we can heat preferentially the sheet metal workpiece with induction heating without heating the platens or dies significantly and can use the ceramic dies as an insulator to hold the induced heat in the part. We can stop the heating at any time and can cool the part relatively quickly even before removing it from the die. We do not waste the energy otherwise required to heat the large thermal mass of the platens and dies. We do not force the press operators to work around the hot dies and platens. With our inductive heating workcell, we also save time and energy when changing dies to set up to manufacture different parts because the dies and platen are significantly cooler than those in a conventional SPF press. We shorten the operation to change dies by several hours. Therefore, the induction heating process is an agile work tool for rapid prototyping or low rate production with improved efficiency and versatility.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,920,175 and 3,927,817 describe typical combined cycles for SPF forming and diffusion bonding. Diffusion bonding is a notoriously difficult and temperamental process that has forced many SPF fabricators away from multisheet manufacturing or to "clean room" production facilities and other processing tricks to eliminate the possibility of oxidation in the bond. Oxides foul the integrity of the bond. In addition, diffusion bonds are plagued with microvoids which are difficult to detect nondestructively, but, if present, significantly diminish the structural performance of the joint. Diffusion bonding also is a time consuming process. The part typically must be held at elevated temperature and elevated pressure (about 400 psi) for several hours. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,175, the diffusion bonding operation takes five hours at 1650� F. (900� C.), making the forming/bonding operation six hours. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,927,817, diffusion bonding occurs prior to forming, still requires four to five hours, and forces a six hour bonding/forming cycle at 1650� F. (900� C.) for the entire period. Typically a hot press diffusion bonding process for common titanium alloys used in aerospace applications will require over eight hours at 2500 psi and 800� C. (1472� F.), about six hours at 400 psi and 900� C. (1650� F.), or about two hours at 250-300 psi and 950� C. (1742� F.). Producing this heat and pressure for this length of time is expensive. Localized heating with higher localized pressure achieve a higher bonding force and a better bond in the process of the present invention.
The present invention is a timesaving process that promises higher quality parts at lower production costs with significant energy savings in shorter production times. The problems of hot press diffusion bonding are eliminated and more efficient manufacturing cycle is possible. Manufacturers have greater assurance in the integrity of the brazed bond so it prefer it. To achieve a satisfactory brazed bond quickly and reliably, we focus the heating on the part we are forming using an induction heater. We hold the part within insulating ceramic dies that are transparent to the time-varying magnetic field that our induction heater produces. We significantly reduce cycle time in manufacturing large aerospace parts.
Because of our capability with induction heating to rapidly heat and cool, we significantly reduce the processing time over conventional bonding operations in fabricating large metal aerospace structures by localizing heating on the bondline with a "smart" susceptor bond. We can shorten the joining operation from hours to no more than about 35-50 min. We generally join prefabricated metal parts having close overall dimensions and significant mass, like an aircraft forward boom, with a braze alloy. We heat the "smart" susceptor bond that we fabricate into the surface of the die in the proximity of the braze joint to a uniform temperature. This hot susceptor radiates heat to the bondline. When the workpiece reaches a temperature where the braze alloy in the bondline melts, we rapidly increase pressure with hydraulic rams. We focus heat on the bondline and obtain braze bonds comparable to electron beam welding at a fraction of the cost both in capital and cycle time without heating the entire workpiece and without losing overall dimensions so we avoid many of the problems of the prior art.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of our induction heating workcell.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of our induction heating workcell adapted for brazing of large aerospace structure.
FIG. 4 is another schematic sectional view, similar to FIG. 3, but rotated 90�.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a structure we braze in the process of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a typical temperature/pressure cycle for the brazing process of the present invention.
Before describing our particular process, we will give some general background on the operation of our induction heating workcell.
In FIGS. 1 and 2 an induction heating workcell 10 includes tools or dies 20 and 22 mounted within an upper 24 and a lower 26 strongback. The strongbacks are each threaded onto four threaded column supports or jackscrews 28 or they float free on the columns and are fixed with nuts. We can turn the jackscrews to move one strongback relative to the other. The strongbacks 24 and 26 provide a rigid, flat backing surface for the upper and lower dies 20 and 22 to prevent the dies from bending and cracking during manufacturing operations. Preferably, the strongbacks hold the dies to a surface tolerance of �0.003 inches per square foot of the forming surface. Such tolerances are desirable to achieve proper part tolerances. The strongbacks may be steel, aluminum, or any other material capable of handling the loads present during forming or consolidation, but we prefer materials that are non-magnetic to avoid any distortion to the magnetic field that our induction coils produce. In some circumstances, the dies may be strong enough themselves that strongbacks are unnecessary. The strongbacks transfer pressure input through the columns evenly to the dies.
The dies 20 and 22 are usually ceramic and are reinforced with a plurality of fiberglass rods 32 that are held with bolts 74 and that extend both longitudinally and transversely in a grid through each die. Each die usually is framed with phenolic reinforcement 72 as well to maintain a compressive load on the die. Each die may be attached to its strongback by any suitable fastening device such as bolting or clamping. In the preferred embodiment, both dies are mounted on support plates 76 which are held in place on the respective strongbacks through the use of clamping bars 77. The clamping bars 77 extend around the periphery of the support plates 76 and are bolted to the respective strongbacks through the use of fasteners (not shown).
The dies should not be susceptible to inductive heating so that heating is localized in the retort. We prefer a ceramic that has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, good thermal shock resistance, and relatively high compression strength, such as a castable fused silica ceramic.
We embed portions of an induction coil 35 in the dies. In the illustrated embodiment, we use four separate induction segments, but the number can vary. Each segment is formed from a straight tubing section 36 that extends along the length of each die and a flexible coil connector 38 that joins the straight tubing sections 36 in the upper die 20 to the corresponding straight tubing section in the lower die 22. Connectors 40 located at the ends of the induction coil 35 connect the induction coil 35 to an external power source or coil driver 50 and to a coolant source.
Each die surrounds and holds the straight sections 36 of the induction coil in proper position in relationship to the tool insert 46 or 48. In the preferred embodiment, the interior 70 of the dies is formed of a castable ceramic and the exterior sides from precast composite phenolic resin blocks 72.
Pin holes (not shown) in the dies vent gas trapped between the retort 60 and the forming surface 58 as the retort deforms. Such pin holes can be coupled to a flow meter to monitor the progress of the deformation.
When the operation is complete, the induction coil 35 is de-energized and the pressure relieved. The tool inserts and dies are separated. We remove the formed retort 60 from the press and recover the composite part from between the susceptor facesheets.
An alternating oscillating electrical current in the induction coil 35 produces a time varying magnetic field that heats the susceptor sheets of the retort via eddy current heating. The frequency at which the coil driver 50 drives the coils 35 depends upon the nature of the retort 60. We power the coil with up to about 400 kW at frequencies of between about 3-10 kHz. Current penetration of copper at 3 kHz is approximately 0.06 inches (1.5 mm), while penetration at 10 kHz is approximately 0.03 inches (0.75 mm).
The shape of the coil has a significant effect upon the magnetic field uniformity. Field uniformity usually is important because temperature uniformity induced in the retort is directly related to the uniformity of the magnetic field. Uniform heating insures that different portions of the workpiece will reach the operating temperature at approximately the same time. Solenoid type induction coils like those we illustrate provide a uniform magnetic field, and are preferred. Greater field uniformity is produced in a retort that is located symmetrically along the centerline of the surrounding coil. Those of ordinary skill can establish series/parallel induction coil combinations, variable turn spacing, and distances between the part and the induction coil by standard electrical calculations to achieve the desired heating from whatever coil configuration is used.
The dies are usually substantially thermally insulating and trap and contain heat within the retort. Since the dies and tool inserts are not inductively heated and act as insulators to maintain heat within the retort, the present invention requires far less energy to achieve the desired operating temperature than conventional autoclave or resistive hot press methods where the metal tooling is a massive heat sink.
Bonding operations using our workcell are faster than prior art operations because we do not heat the large thermal mass of either the dies or tool inserts. The retort is heated, the tool is not. Thus, the necessary processing temperature is achieved more rapidly. In addition, the highly conductive materials in the retort provide rapid heat transfer to the workpiece. When the driver 50 is de-energized, the dies and the retort cool rapidly to a temperature at which we can remove the retort from the workcell, saving time and energy over conventional systems. Coolant flowing through the coil tubes functions as an active heat exchanger to transfer heat out of the workpiece, retort, and dies. In addition, the thermal cycle is not as limited by the heating and cooling cycle of the equipment and tools so we can tailor the thermal cycle better to the process for which we are using the induction heating workcell.
For brazing metal as shown in FIG. 3, we prefer to use a cobalt alloy "smart" susceptor 300 as described in our pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/469,604 entitled: "Method for Achieving Thermal Uniformity in Induction Processing of Organic Matrix Composites or Metals," which we incorporate by reference. This susceptor 300 forms a liner for the dies 20 & 22 in the vicinity of the braze joint 305 to provide localized, efficient, uniform heating, thereby eliminating the need to heat the entire workpiece. We inject an inert atmosphere (i.e., argon gas) around the parts 310 & 315 being produced (i.e., the workpiece) to protect them against oxidation.
Using a smart susceptor liner 300 reduces the need for a uniform magnetic field because the susceptor is self-regulating in temperature at its Curie temperature. Therefore, complex shapes can be processed in the apparatus because the braze joint is subjected to a uniform temperature through an efficient heating process. Achieving a uniform temperature for the entire parts 310 & 315 would be difficult because of their size, mass, and contour, but, as shown in FIG. 4, the liner can match the contour to provide focused heating upon the braze joint bondline. Generally the liner is narrow, about 2-5 in centered on the bondline. We make the liner as narrow as possible while achieving proper heating at the bondline to form a uniform braze joint. We usually can accomplish this goal with a 2 in wide liner strip.
As shown in FIG. 4, the ceramic dies 20 & 22 are supported in a dielectric container 320 and dielectric strongbacks 325 & 330 that hold the dimension of the part when it heats. In our equipment, for a large titanium part, the smart susceptor and braze joint will reach a temperature of about 1950� F. (1066� C.) while the temperature of the container and strongbacks will be ambient because of the insulating qualities of the ceramic and the active cooling water network associated with the induction coil.
The smart susceptor 300 is 0.040 in thick, which makes it an efficient energy converter at one frequency. It has relatively small mass and, accordingly, heats and cools rapidly. The parts 310 and 315 typically are halves of a forward boom for a fighter aircraft, about 0.5 in thick titanium with peripheral dimensions of about 42�27�19�22 in counterclockwise respectively in FIG. 4. Only a small portion is heated, which again saves energy, simplifies the operation, holds overall dimensional tolerance, and reduces the possibility of warpage.
The pressure and heat (FIG. 6) produces a superior joint where the diffusion of the braze alloy species into the bulk metal of the parts makes the joint nearly indistinguishable from the bulk metal when the part is complete. We energize the coil 36 to heat the liner 300 to its Curie temperature of about 1950� F. (about 15-20 min. after energizing the coil). We maintain the temperature and pressure for about 15-20 min until we have the desired final dimensions before cooling the part while letting the pressure decay naturally to set the part dimension. We believe we can use the process to join large titanium parts of complex curvature having strict dimensional tolerances and strength requirements, producing quality parts that are difficult or impossible to make by any other process. We join parts to form assemblies that could not be machined as a unified whole because of the complex curvatures and interferences.
For the formed boom shown in FIG. 5, we position the halves to define the bondline using braze alloy on the clean faces. When we attain the bonding temperature localized at the bondline, we raise the pressure rapidly and monitor the part location looking for lateral movement of about 0.10 in as the bond forms between the 0.50 in thick part. We release the pressure when we have reached the exact final dimensions of the part. The joint should be substantially indistinguishable from the bulk metal when the joining is complete.
We can also diffusion bond in this process, although we prefer brazing. The localized heating and high pressure forms a quality diffusion bond.
We clean the surfaces of the joint interface by using chemical etchants to provide an oxide-free (pure metal) surface for brazing or bonding.
The liner made from the "smart" susceptor functions like the retort in our earlier processes but has the added advantage that it allows localized heating of the bondline. Localized heating means that we avoid loss of dimensions in the remote portions of the parts. Because it has a uniform temperature because of the Curie temperature phenomenon, the liner can be curving sheet (i.e., a thin band or ribbon) that maps the contour of the part, as shown in FIG. 4.
The bondline typically is a flat surface nominal to the pressure rams 335, as shown in FIG. 3. If not a straight face a the joint, then the parts should be profiled to provide substantially uniform pressure in the bondline.
While we have described preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily recognize alterations, variations, and modifications which might be made without departing from the inventive concept. Therefore, interpret the claims liberally with the support of the full range of equivalents known to those of ordinary skill based upon this description. The examples are given to illustrate the invention and not intended to limit it. Accordingly, limit the claims only as necessary in view of the pertinent prior art.
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