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Reasons for Faith (Foreword by Lee Strobel)Crossway 2007; US$ 13.99
Gives Christians the tools they need to stand firm in their faith and to share that faith with anyone who asks for a reason for the hope within them. more...
Videoconferencing for the Real WorldTaylor and Francis 2001; US$ 60.95
"John Rhodes' Videoconferencing for the Real World, is a one of the world's most comprehensive blueprints on the awesome power of videoconferencing." From the Foreword by Brad Caldwell Chairman ICIA and President of Integrated Media Services, Anaheim, CA Designed to be useful to both technical and non-technical managers, Video-Conferencing for the... more...
Narrative CBTTaylor and Francis 2013; US$ 26.95
The popularity of using narrative, metaphor and building solutions in CBT has increased in recent years. Narrative CBT, part of the third wave of cognitive therapies, recognises the importance of helping to build new ideas and practices in order to create change, examining a person?s multiple and evolving narratives and their behaviour as intrinsically... more...
The End of PlaguesSt. Martin's Press 2013; US$ 27.99
An absorbing history of the battle against the world's deadliest scourges, including smallpox and polio, and how today's scientists are racing against the clock to eradicate humanity's more feared viruses once and for all more...
Stupendous, Miserable CityUniversity of Minnesota Press 2007; US$ 60.00
John David Rhodes places the city of Rome at the center of this original and in-depth examination of the work of Italian director Pier Paolo Pasolini?but it?s not the classical Rome you imagine. Stupendous, Miserable City situates Pasolini within the history of twentieth-century Roman urban development. The book focuses first on the Fascist period,... more...
Advanced EndodonticsTaylor and Francis 2005; US$ 159.95
Complex endodontic problems that require further work on the part of the clinician can be time-consuming and problematic. This highly illustrated text, from one of the authors of the very successful Endodontics: Problem-Solving in Clinical Practice , tackles these difficult aspects and guides the practitioner through the problems and procedures involved.... more...
Mathematical Models in BiologyCambridge University Press 2003; US$ 52.00
Linear and non-linear models of populations, molecular evolution, phylogenetic tree construction, genetics, and infectious diseases are presented with minimal prerequisites. more...
Narrative CBT for PsychosisTaylor and Francis 2009; US$ 49.95
Designed to meet the complex needs of patients with psychosis, Narrative CBT for Psychosis combines narrative and solution-focused therapy with established techniques from CBT (cognitive behaviour therapy) into one integrated flexible approach. In this book John Rhodes and Simon Jakes bring the practitioner up-to-date, as treatment and practice... more...
Taking PlaceUniversity of Minnesota Press 2011; US$ 83.00
Taking Place argues that the relation between geographical location and the moving image is fundamental and that place grounds our experience of film and media. Its original essays analyze film, television, video, and installation art from diverse national and transnational contexts to rethink both the study of moving images and the theorization of... more...
Selected ProsePenguin Books Ltd 2015; US$ 12.78
This selection of John Donne's most powerful prose shows that the man remembered predominantly for his poetry was also a preacher, and a prose writer of extraordinary power. In it, he explores the metaphysical collision between poetry and religion, suicide and duty, the secular and the spiritual that characterized his times. Edited with an introduction... more...


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My slide show on panoramio http://www.panoramio.com/wapi/template/slideshow.html?user=760796&delay=1.00
My gallery http://junk0128-tools.appspot.com/mypano/index.html?set=760796&order=popularity&size=thumbnail&caption=1%29 or http://junk0128-tools.appspot.com/mypanov2/index.html?user=1597930&order=0 or http://junk0128-tools.appspot.com/panoplm/index.html?group=261508&user=760796
Very nice capture Storm Petrel Well done and like 146 !!!
Best wishes, Luciano.
Thanks you Jesus Miguel Ballero, abuira, kerrick and luciano640 very much
very nice!
Liepaja? Was that Libau before WW2? then this is the church where my father and my uncles and my grandfather and.... were baptized, buried, this is where they married .... thank you for sharing dear Storm! A Y* for this wonderful athmosphere.
Best wishes to you ~ Maja
... amazing!!! ... it seem to materialize of nothing!!! ...congratulations!!!
Thanks you very much Konstantin Khrapko, Teča sa Dunava, beegood and Polifemo ( * )
beegood Yep, now Liepaja, was Libau (Libava), no thanks you for comment and for history, glad to see you again
Storm Petrel
Very beautiful picture! I like it! Greeting: Judit
Beautiful! Juli
Beautifull and full of strong images. lIKE!
Greetings from Serbia, Slobodan
Anche scura cosi è molto bella
Greetings Marco
Very nicely captured night shot Like ...Haggs...
Excellent shot! Thanks for your comments! Greetings.
Very good vork!
Many greetings, Tibor
Nice shot, congratulations and good luck! Many greetings from Italy, Guto.
LIKE Greetings
thank you very much for your comment! you have wonderful pictures, too! like Greetings Chris
Excellent night shot, Like 159, best wishes Bella Licht from Berlin
Thanks you julics49, Maczelka R. Juli, lav61, marco .gi 46, haggs, el_drake, Kisbenedek Tibor, gutoa100, Blackbird*, Christian Laurer and Bella Licht very much
Wonderful view Storm , very well captured this illuminated cathedral , LIKE , cheers K@rin
Photo taken in Liepāja, Latvia
Pareizticīgo Liepājas Sv Nikolaja Jūras katedrāle

subset: commoncrawl


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You Can Support Thousands of Farmers Today
For more than a decade, OSA has worked side by side with farmers to save and improve non-GMO seed on their farms. Our research and education results in new stewards of this invaluable resource and more high-quality organic seed. Help us continue building partnerships that deliver seed developed by and for the organic community by making a tax-deductible donation today.
You Helped Us Achieve Great Things in 2014!
We are making tremendous progress in building regional seed systems, monitoring the state of organic seed at a national level, and, ultimately, protecting and expanding not just the diversity of seed available to farmers, but the knowledge necessary for stewarding seed now and into the future. Read the full electronic 2014 Annual Report here or download the physical report here (opens to PDF).
OSA on the Screen
OSA was featured in Growing a Greener World, an award-winning show on public television that showcases organic food and farming. The episode, "The Seed Farmer," explores our innovative approach to protecting and improving organic seed diversity. Watch the episode here
Save the Date for the 8th Organic Seed Growers Conference
the 8th Organic Seed Growers Conference to be held February 4 - 6, 2016 in Corvallis, Oregon. We are currently offering special early bird conference sponsorship opportunites. What is it all about? Here's what our participants' have to say about this one-of-a-kind gathering (video below or click here).
About Us
Organic Seed Alliance advances the ethical development and stewardship of the genetic resources of agricultural seed. We believe seed is part of our common cultural heritage – a living, natural resource that demands careful management to meet food needs now and into the future. We accomplish our mission through research, education, and advocacy. Learn more about OSA here.
"Organic Seed Alliance has been an indispensable resource for our farm, from conducting field trials to producing seed. Organic seed is the cornerstone of our vegetable production. Without varieties that have been bred and selected for organic growing conditions, we would be left with low-vigor crops adapted to high-input farms."
Jim McGreevy
Cloudview Ecofarms
Royal City, Washington


text:
Our 2015 Season Begins April 1
The Fenimore will reopen its doors on Wednesday, April 1 with several new and exciting exhibitions and programs!
Fenimore Art Museum
The Fenimore will reopen its doors on Wednesday, April 1 with several new and exciting exhibitions and programs!
A call for artists! Artists are invited to apply for a spot at one of the premier art events in the region - Art by the Lake - which takes place August 8!
The New York State Historical Association and The Farmers' Museum have an opening for visitor services associate. This is a part-time, seasonal position.
Job responsibilities include:
Paint like Monet!
with Susan Jones Kenyon
Tuesdays, May 5 - June 9 • 10:30am - 12:30pm
Join artist Susan Jones Kenyon in an inspiring 6 week program painting spring images in a Monet-like style. Classes are scheduled on Tuesdays (May 5 - June 9) from 10:30am - 12:30pm. All materials are provided. Cost: $250 (includes one admission ticket to Art by the Lake on Saturday, August 8). Open to serious artists of all ages - beginners welcome. To register, please call (607) 547-1461.
Todd Kenyon, Director of Marketing and Communications
(607) 547-1472 / email@example.com
Fenimore Art Museum To Unveil New Lakeside Amphitheater In May
(COOPERSTOWN, NY - February 24, 2015)—The Fenimore Art Museum in Cooperstown, New York is pleased to announce a new addition to the museum's lakeside Native American interpretive area - the Lucy B. Hamilton Amphitheater, honoring stalwart supporter and former museum trustee Lucy "Bunny" Hamilton. A ribbon-cutting ceremony for all donors will take place lakeside in May.
Our new lakeside amphitheater will open in May with great fanfare! Find out how you can be a part.
The Fenimore Art Museum is excited to announce a new project at the museum: the Lucy B. Hamilton Amphitheater.
Please help complete construction on the Amphitheater by making a donation!
Food for Thought - A Perfect Likeness: Folk Portraits & Early Photography
Wednesday, October 14, 12:30 - 2:30pm
Join Jacquelyn Oak as she discusses the exhibition A Perfect Likeness: Folk Portraits & Early Photography.
Food for Thought - Lavern Kelley: The Art of the Farm
Wednesday, September 23, 12:30 - 2:30pm
Join Paul D'Ambrosio, President and CEO of the Fenimore Art Museum, as he discusses the exhibition Lavern Kelley: The Art of the Farm.
Food for Thought - Maxfield Parrish: The Art of Light and Illusion
Wednesday, August 26, 12:00 - 3:00pm
Join Paul D'Ambrosio, President and CEO of the Fenimore Art Museum, as he gives keen insight to the exhibition Maxfield Parrish: The Art of Light and Illusion.


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General Topics
General Messages
> Venus took out the WEAVE!!!!
View Full Version :
Venus took out the WEAVE!!!!
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:07 PM
umm... I am not liking this hairstyle.... the highlights... she looks a mess..... someone help her....
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:09 PM
I like it - She really suits it
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:09 PM
calm down, she's playing Oracene today as a coach for Serena
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:10 PM
I love it. very fashionable
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:10 PM
Looks awesome to me! Her hair is growing alot.
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:15 PM
I love it. She looks like young Whitney.
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:22 PM
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:34 PM
I'm not feeling the tomboy haircut:o
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:37 PM
Venus :yeah: i like it :)
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:38 PM
OMG! Why fret, she looks stunning!
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:40 PM
i think she looks nice. although i think longer hair suits her better
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:40 PM
She looks good!!! Her long fringe over cap thing at Wimby was gross!!!
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:42 PM
I love it
Nov 7th, 2007, 06:46 PM
Venus's hair is in it's natural state when she's not wearing a weave. This is a wig :shrug:
Nov 7th, 2007, 07:16 PM
She looks fabulous!I love her T-shirt!
Nov 7th, 2007, 07:25 PM
lmfao so ugly.
Nov 7th, 2007, 08:04 PM
It is a wig, but it suits her perfectly. She looks lovely.
Nov 7th, 2007, 08:05 PM
It looks fine
Nov 7th, 2007, 08:10 PM
i've only hated one hairstyle of hers, the afro. now i hate 2, this boy cut. i'm sure i'll like it in a week or so though. i did like it when they were at that party in all white. i guess i don't like how she parted it in the pics of her in madrid. i like her with long hair a lot better.
Jenin fan
Nov 7th, 2007, 08:18 PM
i think she looks nice. although i think longer hair suits her better
She would look better if it was longer. She still looks nice though!
Nov 7th, 2007, 08:32 PM
She looks good!!! Her long fringe over cap thing at Wimby was gross!!!
granted while playing her hair looked ridiculous.... when she had it down though.... it looked amazing....
Nov 7th, 2007, 08:43 PM
OMG!!! She's toooooo thing.
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:05 PM
By George I think I've got it!
Venus must think that the weave was causing her dizzy spells!
She's cured!
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:06 PM
I usually like her hair long but I liked it today
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:06 PM
I love the message on the shirt and how fitting as Vee is the epitome of the message. Also her 11 logo in the shape of V is spot on.:worship: Go Vee! Best wishes!:hearts:
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:11 PM
Why is Venus in Madrid?
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:15 PM
Always said most women look BETTER with short hair, Venus absolutely does...I saw a crowd shot...thought ooooooooo she's nice whose that girl don't know her....and it was Venus.
My faves Halard and Monami both pioneered the elfin look to marvellous effect, good to have Venus flying the flag!
Tomboys = HOT!
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:17 PM
It's awful. She looks like a boy in the first pic.
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:18 PM
I think she looks hot :hearts: Nice to see her in Madrid too...I just wish she was playing :sad:
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:19 PM
I don't like it. :tape:
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:20 PM
Why is Venus in Madrid?
UNESCO and WTA obligation.
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:21 PM
She looks much better with long hair.
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:21 PM
Why is Venus in Madrid?
Venus is in madrid because she has to be.... (As tracey said during Serena's match, it'll be interesting to see if Venus stays longer than the 24 hours shes required to be here...)
Since Venus qualified she has to show up... Because she withdrew she got fined $150,000 (This is according to another post i read.. i dont know this as fact...) Had she not shown up at all... she would have been fined $250,000.. Hefty sum... This is why Henin played the YEC in 2004 even though she didnt want to because of the fine...
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:27 PM
I don't wanna say it's ugly but I don't like it :sad:
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:34 PM
If it's hot in Madrid, then she has the perfect hair style.
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:37 PM
She looks good!!! Her long fringe over cap thing at Wimby was gross!!!
agreed! Especially at the French Open. I just hated it! She looks good here! Imagine if she started next year with the short hair. :kiss:
Nov 7th, 2007, 09:59 PM
I like the short hair, but not how this is styled. It feels like the part is on the wrong side.
Nov 7th, 2007, 10:04 PM
This is a weave. It's cute though.
Nov 7th, 2007, 10:53 PM
like the hair
love the t-shirt
Nov 7th, 2007, 11:15 PM
Ew. :help:
Nov 7th, 2007, 11:53 PM
Um You guys she still has a weave. It's just a short one yes it is a thing called a short weave. Venus' natural hair is really coarse(very very nappy)and the hair here is tooo fine thats how I know it's a weave.
No Name Face
Nov 8th, 2007, 01:40 AM
she looks pretty decent
Nov 8th, 2007, 02:41 AM
kind of looks like a boy but i think that is just because you cant see her breasts
Nov 8th, 2007, 02:50 AM
calm down, she's playing Oracene today as a coach for Serena
Oh, i thought Alexandra Stevenson was coaching her with the retirement and all :p
Nov 8th, 2007, 02:58 AM
I'm liking the updated look!:)
Nov 8th, 2007, 05:15 AM
I like the length just not how its styled, kinda reminds me of Mary Carillo.
Nov 8th, 2007, 05:28 AM
oooo...i love it..!!.. :)
Nov 8th, 2007, 05:43 AM
I like the length just not how its styled, kinda reminds me of Mary Carillo.yea seriously, not liking the lesbo haircut, Vee please get an appropriate hairstyle to go with that hot bod of urs.
Nov 8th, 2007, 05:43 AM
[QUOTE=esquímaux;11956608]OMG! Why fret, she looks stunning![/QUOte
Yeah, she sure does look stunning, stunningly anorexic.
Nov 8th, 2007, 06:00 AM
Yeah, she sure does look stunning, stunningly anorexic.
And you look like.....well, you. Advantage, Venus. ;)
Nov 8th, 2007, 07:27 AM
venus looks good...she looks really decent and mature and responsible...a very good image i'd say (as she always has) ...
Nov 8th, 2007, 07:29 AM
finally, a decent haircut
Nov 8th, 2007, 11:40 AM
Personally, I miss the afro. :)
Nov 8th, 2007, 06:23 PM
Venus now looks a bit like Mary Carillo:S
Nov 8th, 2007, 06:37 PM
That's the best hairdue she had all year long. It really looks good on her.
Nov 8th, 2007, 07:42 PM
After seeing her at the match, I change my mind. I don't like it.
Nov 8th, 2007, 08:03 PM
She is looking fantastic! :yeah:
Nov 8th, 2007, 10:24 PM
After seeing her at the match, I change my mind. I don't like it.
Venus hair never looks good during a match. I just don't think Vee knows how to style her own hair.
Nov 8th, 2007, 10:39 PM
Venus hair never looks good during a match. I just don't think Vee knows how to style her own hair.
She doesn't. :lol: She said as much on the reality show.
Nov 8th, 2007, 10:55 PM
I wonder what her hair would look like without all those chemicals and just some shampoo, a comb and a hair straightner
Nov 8th, 2007, 11:52 PM
She doesn't. :lol: She said as much on the reality show.
I loved the 2006 braid buns she did on court and i did like the bangs over the visor this year.
Nov 9th, 2007, 12:33 AM
She always changes her style by this time of the year. Goo V. but u betta quit this before 08 season.
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Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
The research behind Canada's Heart Beats
Dear Editor,
Re: Terry Aseltine's column Manitoba stumbles on name game, again (Dec. 20). While we certainly appreciate Aseltine's feedback on Travel Manitoba's new brand, I would like to clarify a number of issues raised in the column.
Alberta's tourism brand is "Remember to Breathe," and British Columbia has used "Super, Natural, British Columbia" as its tourism marketing brand for a number of years.
Unlike Aseltine's commentary, Travel Manitoba's new brand is grounded in solid research conducted by Environics for the Canadian Tourism Commission. The Explorer Quotient, or EQ, is an innovative market segmentation system that goes beyond demographics to look at people's social values and views of the world, powerful drivers of purchasing and travel decisions. EQ provides a comprehensive picture of travellers' demographics, origins, behaviours and motivations, plus their social and travel values.
Two traveller types were determined to be best aligned with the tourism experiences Manitoba has to offer. These two types -- cultural explorers and authentic experiencers -- are also two of the three types that research shows are most inclined to want to visit Canada, a key stepping stone for international travellers also making a trip to Manitoba.
In addition to the EQ research, Travel Manitoba and its Winnipeg agency, McKim Communications Group Ltd., surveyed Manitoba tourism industry stakeholders.
The brand statement: "Manitoba: Canada's Heart Beats" was focus tested in Winnipeg, Saskatoon and Calgary -- and all focus groups included cultural explorers and authentic experiencers. The concept was very positively received and the majority of participants felt the campaign approach was likely to get their attention, was persuasive and was likely to make them want to visit Manitoba. While Aseltine's expert does not value focus testing, most agencies use some sort of focus testing.
To date, the reaction from industry and the general public has far exceeded our expectations. One of the strongest endorsements for the new brand came from the well respected CEO of the Canadian Tourism Commission, Michelle McKenzie, who recently wrote:
"Manitoba has just launched a new tourism brand "Manitoba: Canada's Heart Beats." It is stunning. Not only is the imagery beautiful, but it is a terrific example of smart marketing... It will be a great tool for Manitoba's trade development, investment and economic development endeavours."
Canada has one of the most respected brands in the world, in fact, it ranks No. 2 amongst all nations in the category of most respected tourism brand. The brand statement, "Manitoba: Canada's Heart Beats" takes advantage of that reputation. Many international customers have no idea where Manitoba is, so clarifying its central position within Canada was intentional.
We are the heart of Canada, literally and figuratively, as Manitobans are known for our warm, heart-felt welcomes and our friendly people. Finally, "Beats" references the fact that Manitoba is beating with tremendous energy and momentum in the tourism industry, with new and one-of-a-kind tourism assets set to open in 2014 and beyond.
This campaign is intended to encourage others to take another look at Manitoba, change the way people view Manitoba as a travel destination, and perhaps even change the way we, Manitobans, view ourselves.
Thank you, Mr. Aseltine, for providing the opportunity to explain the power behind "Manitoba: Canada's Heart... Beats."
Colin Ferguson
President and CEO
Travel Manitoba
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition December 21, 2013 A17
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Interview: Todd Lincoln - Director (V/H/S: Viral, The Apparition, Gorgeous Vortex)March 26th, 2015Interviewed by: Todd Martin
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Book Review: The Pendle Curse - Author Catherine CavendishReviewed by: Dave Gammon
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Film Review: Prom Night (1980)
SYNOPSIS: A group of kids playing a very strange game leads to the accidental death of a little girl. Years later when the group is in high school and looking forward to attending their prom someone decides to make them pay for their actions that caused the little girl to die by killing them one-by-one. Will Kim and the school principal be able to figure out who is behind the murders and stop them before … Continue reading


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William Chang
|William Chang
|Chinese name
|November 12, 1953
William Chang Suk Ping (born 1953) (張叔平) is a Hong Kong film editor, production designer and art director, and along with cinematographer Christopher Doyle is an important collaborator with Hong Kong film director Wong Kar-wai. He has participated in all of Wong Kar Wai's films.
In addition to Wong Kar Wai, William Chang also has collaborated with various Hong Kong film directors such as Stanley Kwan, Patrick Tam Kar Ming, Yim Ho and Tsui Hark.
William Chang is known for his nostalgic mood in art directing and frequent use of improvisation and split narratives in film editing.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
|This article about a film editor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
|This Hong Kong biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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National / International News
VIDEO: Royal couple end US trip with gala
A gala in New York to mark the 600th anniversary of the Scottish university where they first met, has drawn a close to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's visit to the United States.
2014: The Year of the 'Selfie'
Auto-photography breakout trend of 2014
WHO: Ebola 'running ahead of us'
The Ebola virus that has killed thousands in West Africa is still "running ahead" of efforts to contain it, says the World Health Organization head.
CIA report sparks prosecution calls
The UN and rights groups call for US officials involved in what a Senate report calls brutal CIA interrogations of al-Qaeda suspects to be prosecuted.
World Cup and 1D top UK Twitter list
Tweets by members of pop group One Direction - and about the World Cup - preoccupied UK Twitter users in 2014, statistics from the social media company show.


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Find an Internship or Volunteer in Bellaire, Texas ( TX )
If you're looking for internships or volunteer work in Bellaire, Texas or even to get a summer job, you've come to the right place! With over 30,000 around the county, chances are that GrooveJob.com has the right job for you and wants to be your only source for finding internships and volunteer positions in Bellaire, Texas.
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New website coming soonthat will be compatible with phones and tablets.
Latrobe Chapter Symposium:Art in Architecture, Architecture in Art
A Perfect Partnership: Architect Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue and His Mural Painter Hildreth MeièreCatherine Coleman Brawer, Independent Scholar and Curator
Saturday, March 21, 201510:00 AM - Murals and Public Artworks
Catholic University of AmericaSchool of Architecture and Planning, Crough Center for Architectural StudiesWashington, DC
Twelve scholars will present their research proposing diverse approaches to understanding how architecture interacts with other artistic media, such as painting, sculpture, drawing, posters, film, or performance.
Click here for more information on the symposium
Ninety years after the completion of her first commission at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., a lost artist's work is being recognized with a lavishly illustrated new book.
The volume explores the life and work of the trailblazer behind some of the most spectacular murals of the 20th century.
Read MoreOrder Now
Hildreth Meière (1892-1961) was one of the most influential and creative decorative artists of the Twentieth Century whose achievements gained the recognition of the established art world.
In the 1930s she was considered the most famous muralist of the Art Deco style, and probably the most prolific in the country. Meière's specialty was the ancient and beautiful art of mosaic, which continues to be enjoyed in churches and public buildings across the country in over a hundred commissions from New York to California.
Read More
Most of Meière's spectacular creations are on public view, enhancing buildings, and are revered by those who are familiar with the mosaic murals, wall sculptures, stained glass windows and other unique works - even if they are unaware of the artist.
View Commissions
Hildreth Meière, Emancipation of WomenStudy in gouache on tracing paper for Justice Department Building mural competition, 1935
More photographs
from various commissions and additional information to come.
Copyright 2009-2012. International Hildreth Meière Association Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Lutherans (and Friends) of the Caribbean-OSLC Norge 2010 - Music Videos
Embed oslcnorge 565 views 2010-10-02T02:11:30 On April 18, 2010, Our Saviour's Lutheran Church in Norge, VA held a fund-raiser for the James City-Bruton Volunteer Fire Dept and Rescue Squad at the church. The evening of food, music, and fun was presented by the chruch adult choir (and community friends) and the youth "Sing & Ring" group. Enjoy Rose Paddock's rendition of "Brown Skin Girl"
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- Danny Gokey Shares Heartbreaking Inspiration Behind 'Tell Your Heart To Beat Again...Inspirational Videos
- 'I'm Praying For You' - Godly Couple PRAYS When Son Strays From The LordMinistry Videos
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At the Palace 12/14/2013
Today at the Corn Palace, Xtreme Cheerleading is hosting the Corn Palace Cheer & Dance Challenge before a Dakota Wesleyan University basketball doubleheader.
Time: Corn Palace Cheer & Dance starts at 8 a.m. DWU women tip-off is at 6 p.m. with the men to follow.
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What's Shaking, NZ?
5,000 - 10,000 downloadsAdd this app to your lists
+ By Adam Speakman
Comments and ratings for What's Shaking, NZ?
(50 stars)
Unfortunately not a patch on the Geonet app - unacceptable time delay, even turning off the review function - misses many quakes within range - has strange descriptions of locations which dont tally with Geonet site.....
(50 stars)
Awesome earthquake app, easy to use and navigate. Sits on my home screen and notifies me when one happens.
(50 stars)
Don't know where this app gets its data from. It reported a non existing 6.5 quake in Hamilton 6 months ago. Not a single quake reported the last month has any similarly wirh those reported by Geonet!
(50 stars)
Just wish it would remember your zoom level.
(50 stars)
Uncluttered interface and just works. Well played.


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New II Backgrounder Explains the "Convention of States" Constitutional Amendment Process
Filed under: All Postings, Article V
A new II Backgrounder contains a brief and clear explanation of how the people, through their state legislatures, can address federal dysfunction while bypassing Congress.
The Backgrounder is the first publication of II's new "Article V Information Center."
You can read it here.
Principles for Drafting A Balanced Budget Amendment
Filed under: All Postings, Article V, The Founding
This article originally appeared at The American Thinker.
The Article V Handbook, which I authored for the American Legislative Exchange Council, emphasizes that citizens pressing for constitutional amendments should avoid fringe or unpopular proposals. The Handbook distills four guiding principles for selecting amendments worthy of support:
(1) An amendment should move America back toward Founding principles.
(2) The amendment should enact substantial, rather than merely symbolic or marginal, reform.
(3) The amendment should enjoy supermajority support among the public. There must be room for slippage once opponents begin to attack the proposal.
(4) It should address a subject that state lawmakers of both political parties can understand and appreciate.
"As of this writing," the Handbook adds, "a balanced budget amendment probably meets all four criteria; an amendment to abolish the income tax probably does not."
Measured by subsequent success, those four principles have been vindicated. Since the Handbook was published in 2011, seven states have adopted BBA applications—far more than on any other topic. No legislature has adopted an amendment to repeal the income tax.
By my count, there are now 21 valid, aggregable BBA applications outstanding. The 2014 elections created a favorable political environment in the states, so the number may approach the required 34 by the end of next year. However, as BBA activists have long understood, drafting a politically and practically viable balanced budget amendment presents a considerable challenge. One reason lies in the nature of the amendment: establishing rules for budgeting is complicated. But there are other difficulties as well.
The amendment has to have teeth without threatening effective government. The balanced budget rule must take effect without unnecessary delay, but not so fast as to be overly disruptive. It should permit deficit spending in emergencies, but the emergency clause must not be easily manipulable. It must be enforceable without ceding the budget process to the courts. The amendment must be comprehensive enough to do the job, but not overly detailed.
Fortunately, history offers us some valuable drafting lessons. The relevant history includes experience both with state fiscal restraints and with prior U.S. constitutional amendments. Very instructive is the history of the 14th amendment, a critical and necessary measure that almost failed of ratification because of poor authorship.
Here are some drafting suggestions. This list is not exhaustive:
* Keep it short. Americans treasure their Constitution's brevity, and will be suspicious of an amendment that looks like an economics treatise. Also, the longer a proposal, the more there is for opponents to pick apart. Tax and expenditure limitations in some state constitutions are far too long to suit the U.S. Constitution. At about 425 words, the 14th amendment proved too detailed, and offered opponents much fodder for attack.
* Make the substance fit. An amendment's substance should blend with the "spirit" of the rest of the Constitution. For example, the federal government is wholly representative in nature, so requiring national popular referenda would be a major, and probably unacceptable, departure.
* Make the language fit. The amendment's language should be consistent with the rest of the Constitution. If the draft employs words appearing elsewhere in the document, make sure the usages are consistent. Endless disputes have arisen over the 14th amendment's phrases "privileges or immunities" and "due process of law," because it is unclear whether the critical words in those phrases mean the same as in other parts of the Constitution.
* As a corollary: Avoid modern technical phrases such as "gross domestic product" or "discretionary spending." Technical terms engender popular suspicion because everyone knows they can be manipulated. Moreover, as time passes the meaning of technical terms can be forgotten. For several years now, I've made a living explaining the Constitution's many technical phrases to Americans who had forgotten what they were supposed to communicate. That should not have been necessary.
* Don't overreach. Drafting an overly-strict amendment is one kind of overreach. Another kind of overreach is adding bells and whistles to win the support of particular groups. To be politically acceptable, a BBA should be "clean." It should feature neither exemptions for entitlements (favored by liberals) nor anti-tax add-ons (favored by conservatives). Bells and whistles create the perception of favoritism and probably will not convince BBA skeptics anyway.
* Avoid numbers and formulae. They create public suspicion and people find them hard to understand. (Most people find the formula in Section 2 of the 14th amendment, for example, to be inscrutable.) Formulae and numbers also are manipulable: Experience with state tax and expenditure limitations shows that a 5% annual "ceiling" often becomes a 5% annual floor.
* Don't concede the constitutionality of the welfare state. Proposals that assume the validity of existing programs may prejudice future litigation over the validity of those programs. Current spending practices also are inconsistent with the founding-era principle of limited government. Any such a concession will provoke opposition among the fiscally-conservative activists necessary to ensure ratification.
* Favor procedure over substance. Some of the Constitution's most effective provisions create checks and balances rather than merely mandating "thou shalt" or "thou shalt not." Instead of defining the "emergency" that justifies a deficit, the amendment should include a special procedure for authorizing it.
* Be very careful with legislative supermajority requirements. Because of how group dynamics work, an excessive supermajority requirement in an assembly the size of the House of Representatives may actually increase deficits. Drafters should consult existing social science research on this topic, or rely on other mechanisms instead.
Readers with additional suggestions should email them to me at email@example.com.
More Evidence An Article V Convention is a "Convention of the States"
Filed under: All Postings, Article V, The Founding
Earlier this year, I documented one of the reasons we know an Article V convention is a "convention of the states" rather than a mass popular gathering: Founding Era documents tell us so. I listed several such documents. (Subsequent to the Founding, in the case of Smith v. Union Bank, the Supreme Court also referred to an Article V convention as a "convention of the states.")
Here is another piece of evidence:
In 1788, New York ratified the Constitution, but the state ratifying convention called for extensive amendment. In a circular letter to the other states, it urged that an amendments convention be called. On February 4, 1789, therefore, the New York state assembly, the lower house of the legislature, debated whether to submit an application to Congress for an Article V convention. Only four assemblymen spoke to the issue, but two of them characterized the gathering as a "convention of the states."
Both of those two were highly significant figures. Samuel Jones had been a key member of the ratifying convention. So also had John Lansing, Jr., a respected judge. Lansing, furthermore, had been a delegate to the Constitutional Convention itself.
No one called the amendments convention anything else, although the eventual application used the term "Convention of Deputies from the several States." The term "Deputy" was a synonym for "agent"—in this case, the agent of one's state.
You can read the legislative proceedings in volume 23 of the Documentary History of the Ratification of the United States Constitution.
I have updated the earlier posting accordingly.
One Reason Government Keeps Expanding and Freedom Keeps Shrinking
Filed under: All Postings
Find out how much federal land ownership the Constitution really authorizes! Get Rob's book, The Original Constitution: What It Actually Said and Meant.
Mary Taylor Young's work, Rocky Mountain National Park: The First 100 Years (2014) contains this profile (p.151) of George B. Hartzog, Jr., the Assistant Superintendent of the park from 1955 to 1957:
"He went on to become National Park Service director from 1964 to 1972. . . He oversaw the acquisition of seventy-two new sites for parks, seashores, and historical monuments . . . Under his leadership, the National Park System more than doubled in size . . . Park Service historian Robert M. Utley described Hartzog as 'the greatest director in the history of the service.'"
Keep in mind that whatever may have been the benefits from expanding the National Park System, Hartzog's legacy was one of bigger government and less human freedom. Less freedom because when land becomes part of a national park, citizens may no longer buy, sell, occupy, own, or lease that land. Citizens may not use the land for anything but a narrow range of activities. Classification as a national park also impairs state government's jurisdiction over territory within its borders.
Ms. Young did not mention that Hartzog is famous (or infamous) for another reason: He pioneered the notorious "Washington Monument Syndrome"—the bureaucratic strategy of blackmailing politicians and the public by diverting available funds to unpopular uses and away from popular ones. The July 5, 2008 Washington Post summarized it this way: "In 1969, when his budget was cut by [President] Nixon, Mr. Hartzog made a daring countermove: He closed all the national parks, including the Washington Monument and Grand Canyon, two days a week."
Of course, Nixon should have fired Hartzog—who was, in any event, a Democratic holdover hostile to the conservative message the voters had sent in the 1968 election. But it took the unprincipled Nixon three years to dump him. According to the Post, "In 1972, Mr. Hartzog revoked a permit to use a private dock in Biscayne National Park in Florida. The permit was used by Bebe Rebozo, a close friend of Nixon's. The president promptly fired Mr. Hartzog."
Here's more about what the Post wrote about this consummate bureaucrat:
"In almost nine years as director, Mr. Hartzog used personal charisma, political savvy and deep-rooted knowledge of the nation's park system to increase the scope of Park Service programs and to raise their popularity. He ran the agency like a benevolent dictator . . . .
"He added more than 70 new areas to the Park Service, totaling 2.7 million acres, and doubled attendance at the nation's parks and historic sites. He was also the only Park Service director to be profiled in the New Yorker magazine . . .
"'He was an empire builder,' said Robert M. Utley, who was the Park Service's chief historian under Mr. Hartzog. 'His vision fit right into Lyndon Johnson's Great Society ideas.'
"In 1966, Mr. Hartzog was a key proponent of the National Historic Preservation Act, which increased the range of historically significant properties and created the National Register of Historic Places. The register is administered by the Park Service. . . .
Clemson University memorializes this empire-building bureaucrat with a lecture series in his honor. The Park Service recognizes outstanding volunteers with "Hartzog Awards."
Now, here's a question for you: How often have you seen that kind of respect and recognition awarded to a public servant (other than perhaps Ronald Reagan) who actually expanded freedom or trimmed government?
Government will continue to grow and freedom diminish as long as we celebrate people like Hartzog and disregard those anonymous public servants (and believe me, they exist) who trim the size of government and give the public top value for taxes paid.
Treatise on Amendments Conventions Updated to Include Rules for Congress's "Call"
Filed under: All Postings, Article V
Some people claim the rules pertaining to the Constitution's "Convention for Proposing Amendments" are largely unknown, but there actually is quite a lot of law on the subject.
Earlier this year, I pulled together that body of law in a legal treatise entitled "State Initiation of Constitutional Amendments: A Guide for Lawyers and Legislative Drafters." This is the latest of several legal treatises I've written on various subjects for national publishers, mostly on constitutional and property law.
Section 3.9 of the treatise deals with the rules by which Congress must call the convention. That section has now been updated and supplemented extensively. You can read the treatise here. It is primarily designed for legal professionals, but many lay people will find it useful.
Embracing Foreign Languages
Filed under: All Postings, The Founding
Republican Congressman Mike Coffman and his Democratic opponent Andrew Romanoff held a public debate yesterday—all in Spanish. It was billed as the first non-English candidate debate in Colorado state history.
Well, maybe not. Hispanics settled Colorado long before Anglos did. When I was practicing law in Denver in the 1970s and 1980s (before embarking on my academic career), I had Hispanic clients who traced their family's Colorado residence back to the 1700s. So I suspect there were Spanish-language political debates within Colorado well before there were English-language ones.
People concerned about large non-English speaking populations in the United States needn't worry. We have had them before, all through our history. Much of the debate over the U.S. Constitution in Pennsylvania in 1787 and 1788 was held in German: Speakers of that language made up perhaps 40% of the state population. Dutch was still widely spoken in New York.
During the 20th century, politicians such as New York City Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia campaigned in Italian and Yiddish as well as English because large parts of the city's population used Italian and Yiddish in daily life. Yet today most of the descendants of those Italian speakers know little, if any, of their ancestral tongue. The descendants of the Yiddish speakers know words like "shlemiel" and maybe a few vulgarities, but that's about it. I'm shocked at how many second generation Mexican-Americans can speak hardly any Spanish and how many second generation Chinese- and Japanese-Americans know hardly any of their parents' language.
Don't get me wrong. In my view, it is imperative that Americans know English, and I think competency in English should be a requirement for citizenship. But I also think it is a mistake for immigrants not to pass on their native tongues to their children. Spanish speakers should teach their kids Spanish; speakers of Indian tribal languages should pass their own languages on to the rising generation. I have long regretted that my father, who although a native of this country was raised in a Yiddish-speaking household, did not teach me that language when I was at an age when I could have easily absorbed it. He could done this by speaking to me exclusively in Yiddish. I could have learned English quite well from my Nova Scotia-born mother and from the larger culture.
Knowing a second language not only enriches one's knowledge base; it is also a window into another way of seeing the world, into a different way of thinking. The more a foreign language diverges from English, the more different its perspective. The bilingual person enjoys the kind of additional depth provided by seeing through two eyes instead of one, or in color rather than in black and white.
Moreover, there is good evidence that when one studies foreign languages in addition to English, it improves one's knowledge of English beyond any advantage from devoting those extra hours solely to English. This is particularly true of Latin.
In my view, any American with any pretensions to a college-level education should be fluent in English, but also (1) know the rudiments of Latin (both for its linguistic and cultural benefits) and (2) be conversant in at least one modern language.
I walked the walk when raising my own daughters: I taught all three basic spoken Latin from childhood. The youngest, Sarah, and the eldest, Rebecca, went on to study Latin literature in school. Sarah is reasonably conversant in Spanish, and now has branched out into Hebrew and Greek. Rebecca, now a Latin teacher, also speaks Japanese, as does her husband (although he is not of Asian ancestry). Deborah, my "central" daughter, not only imbibed Latin in childhood, but has studied German and a smattering of Italian and Russian.
I should add that my brother has given his own children the same sort of advantage. He is fluent in Italian, and speaks to his son and daughter only in that language. His son recently entered college, where he is majoring in business, but supplementing it with Italian.
I'm not suggesting that everyone should have that level of linguistic interest. I am arguing only that in addition to insisting that Americans all know English, we should embrace the variety and the insights offered by many other languages.
The Washington Post Picks Up the Flag from the Convention Alarmists
Filed under: All Postings, Article V, The Founding, supreme court
The past week saw yet another assault on those reformers who seek to cure federal dysfunction by promoting a "Convention for proposing Amendments."
The latest attack took the form of an opinion column that in content offered nothing new. It featured many of the usual errors of commission and omission: The author confused a "Convention for proposing Amendments" with a constitutional convention. He alleged that convention protocols are unknown, and that "anything goes" with "no rules, guideposts, or procedures." He asserted that the courts won't provide any guidelines and that the convention would threaten "the freedoms we take for granted under the Bill of Rights." He demonstrated no awareness whatsoever of the history behind the amendment process nor of the long line of judicial decisions, from the Supreme Court and other tribunals, prescribing ground rules for that process.
But this alarmist column was distinctive in two respects. It was not penned by one of the conspiracy types with whom we usually associate such stuff. It was written by Robert Greenstein, a Washington, D.C. insider who served in the Carter and Clinton administrations and on the Obama transition team. Moreover, the medium of publication was the liberal establishment's iconic newspaper, the Washington Post.
So why are pillars of the liberal establishment picking up the flag from rightwing conspiratorialists?
The answer to this question has three parts:
* They are resorting to a playbook that was, in fact, scripted not by conservatives but by the Left;
* the Left has a great deal to lose if the convention movement goes forward; and
* at least some establishment Leftists have become concerned about reformers' recent successes.
First, as to the playbook:
For many years after the Founding, no one seems to have confused an amendments convention with a constitutional convention. For decades, everyone seems to have recognized that an amendments convention was a convention of states that—like all previous interstate gatherings—was nothing more than a diplomatic task force of state government representatives ("commissioners") operating under a prescribed agenda.
At the turn of the last century, however, when state legislatures were applying for a convention to propose direct election of U.S. Senators, a few opponents began to contend that any such gathering would be a "constitutional convention." During the 1960s and 1970s, the liberal establishment elaborated this contention into the "runaway convention" scenario often advanced today.
Several perceived threats precipitated the Left's invention of the runaway scenario. The first was an effort by Senator Everett Dirksen (R.-Ill.) for a convention to propose an amendment overruling the Supreme Court's legislative reapportionment decisions. The second was a movement to adopt a federal balanced budget amendment. The third was talk of a convention to propose an amendment reversing the Supreme Court's abortion decision in Roe v. Wade.
Russell Caplan's book Constitutional Brinksmanship (Oxford University Press, 1988) chronicles some of the methods the Left used to respond to those perceive threats. Senators Robert Kennedy (D.-N.Y.) and Joe Tydings (D.-Md.) led opposition in the Senate, and several Kennedy associates, such as Theodore Sorensen and Arthur Goldberg, led a public disinformation campaign. Various liberal academics also participated.
Perhaps the most heated anti-convention rhetoric came from the New Yorker's Richard Rovere, a Kennedy sycophant. Rovere charged that a convention could "reinstate segregation and even slavery; throw out much or all of the Bill of Rights . . eliminate the Fourteenth Amendment's due-process clause . . . and perhaps, for good measure, eliminate the Supreme Court itself." In the 1980s, Chief Justice Warren Burger, apparently concerned for the power of his court, adopted a less heated version of the same line.
From the participants' viewpoint, the disinformation campaign was an unqualified success: It frightened enough people effectively to disable one of the Constitution' most important checks and balances. Unfortunately, it was a disaster for the country, because it removed a crucial constitutional curb on federal overreaching.
During next 20 years, figures on the political Left found it unnecessary to do their own heavy lifting because many naive conservatives did it for them by alarming enough people to defeat all efforts to impose restraint, fiscal or otherwise, on Washington, D.C.
A few years ago, however, the tide began to change. Several scholars, I among them, undertook previously-neglected legal and historical research into the amendment procedure. We restored for all to read the rules as the Founders understood them and as the courts apply them. Then Mark Levin publicized these findings in his best-selling book, The Liberty Amendments.
Empowered by this new information, state lawmakers began to resume their constitutional responsibilities in the amendment process. Most state legislatures now participate in the Assembly of State Legislatures, an organization planning for a possible amendments convention. Since 2011, at least 11 states have adopted at least 15 formal applications for a convention. Most of those applications are targeted at federal fiscal excess.
Obviously, reinvigorating of a procedure by which the people, acting through their state legislatures, can check federal overreaching, is not something that people like Mr. Greenstein and other Washington, D.C. power brokers want to see. It poses to them the threat of authority seeping out of Washington and back to the state capitals and to the people at large. Hence their wish to bury the movement as quickly as they can. If scaremongering from the Right won't do the job, then they'll try scaremongering from the Left.
Several years ago, I advised reformers that they would know they were winning when the liberal establishment stopped using misguided conservatives as cannon fodder, and entered the fray directly. That has now happened.
I further advised that the power of the Left would pose a far greater challenge than the arguments of conservatives. Reformers have largely overcome the lesser challenge. America's future depends heavily on whether they can overcome the greater.
Colorado Goes to the Supreme Court to Defend TABOR
Filed under: All Postings, TABOR, The Founding, supreme court
Three years ago, a group of primarily government plaintiffs sued in federal district court to void Colorado's Taxpayers Bill of Rights (TABOR). TABOR allows the people, not just the legislature, to vote on most tax increases, most debt increases, and some spending hikes.
The plaintiffs argued that the 20-year old state constitutional provision violated the U.S. Constitution's Guarantee Clause by putting Colorado out of compliance with its requirement that each state have a "republican form of government."
In addition to its (very) late filing, the lawsuit faced a number of obstacles: It was doubtful whether, under U.S. Supreme Court case law, the plaintiffs had standing to sue. It was doubtful whether, under Supreme Court case law, any claim under the Guarantee Clause was justiciable. Previously, the Court had ruled that Guarantee Clause questions should be presented to Congress, not to the judiciary. In addition, for a case to be justiciable there have to be legal standards for deciding it, and the Plaintiffs' legal papers were massively unclear about what the correct standards were.
Finally, the case had big problems on the merits: The evidence is crystal clear that the term "republican" as the Constitution uses the term, allows for direct public votes on policy matters. Nearly all states permit such voting to some extent, particularly on taxes, spending and debt.
That such an open-and-shut case was not dismissed immediately is a grave commentary on the efficiency of the federal judicial system. Three years later, the courts still have not reached the merits. Both the district judge and the U.S. Court of Appeals have allowed the case to proceed even though it still is unclear what legal standard of "republicanism" the plaintiffs propose to apply. Dissenting judges on the Court of Appeals argued, correctly, that enough is enough: Taxpayers should not be forced to endure additional time-wasting on a meritless case.
The Colorado Attorney General agrees with the dissent, and has filed a petition for certiorari with the Supreme Court. The term certiorari is Latin for "to make more certain," and it is the traditional introductory wording for a court order (writ) demanding that a case be sent to it for review.
The Supreme Court, rightly, is sparing in how often it grants certiorari. This case, however, is a classic case not just for certioriari, but for summary reversal of the kind the Supreme Court ordered in 2012 in response to a baseless Montana state decision.
You can read the Attorney General's petition for certiorari here. Most of this long document consists merely of appended documents. The argument itself is quickly read.
More Evidence From Last Term That It's Not a "Conservative Supreme Court"
Filed under: All Postings, ObamaCare, The Founding, supreme court
Note: This article was first published at cns news.
There is a common media myth that the current U.S. Supreme Court, or at least a majority of the current justices, is "conservative."
But if a "conservative" justice is one who consistently interprets the Constitution in accordance with traditional methods of judging—as the Founders intended for it to be interpreted—then the Court is anything but conservative.
On social issues the Court has been pushing society to the Left. Otherwise, the best description of its jurisprudence is "status quo." And in this instance, preserving the status quo renders the Court liberal, not conservative.
That is because the status quo the justices are preserving is a body of liberal jurisprudence created in the 20th century when the Court was usually controlled by "progressive" majorities.
The Court's tendency to protect liberal jurisprudence appears even in cases where the specific outcomes are pleasing to conservatives. In fact, the "conservative" outcomes often are relatively marginal—minor victories—while the jurisprudence that underlies the result is a major triumph for liberals.
Three cases from the Supreme Court term illustrate the point.
The first is the famous Hobby Lobby case, in which the Court ruled that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) protects an employer's right not to provide abortifacients. I have written elsewhere about a liberal victory in Hobby Lobby that received almost no publicity. But there was another, more important, liberal victory on a point of fundamental principle.
The Hobby Lobby dispute arose from federal regulations of employment and of health insurance purportedly authorized by Congress in the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). Unlike the "tax" justification for Obamacare's individual insurance mandate, the supposed constitutional basis for those regulations is Congress's Commerce Power, contained in the Constitution's Commerce Clause and Necessary and Proper Clause.
Everyone concedes, at least in theory, that Congress has only the authority the Constitution grants it—Congress's "enumerated powers." But properly construed, Congress's enumerated power to regulate "Commerce" does not encompass employment relations or insurance, except in some peripheral situations. The Supreme Court recognized this consistently for the Constitution's first 150 years. Indeed, during that time the Court held repeatedly, and unanimously, that most insurance is NOT "Commerce." It was not until "progressive" justices took control in in the late 1930s and 1940s that the rules changed, and it was not until relatively recently that Congress began systematically to interfere in the insurance market.
A bench consisting of traditional (conservative) justices, therefore, would have held that the Obamacare regulations were outside the federal government's enumerated powers, and thereby invalid for that reason. Such a court would not have reached the RFRA issue because there was no need to do so.
A second example from the Supreme Court term just past is the campaign finance decision in McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission. This case invalidated a congressional effort to limit the total amount any person could donate to all candidates combined. The basis for the decision was the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. Media outlets have described this case also as a "conservative" triumph.
Yet a truly conservative court would never have reached the First Amendment issue because in presuming to regulate campaigns, Congress again exceeded its enumerated powers. The Constitution does confer on Congress authority to regulate the "Manner of holding [congressional] Elections." But this constitutional grant does not extend to regulation of campaigns.
The scope of the constitutional grant is quite clear from the historical record, as I explained at length a 2010 article cited last year by Justice Thomas, the only member of the Court who consistently interprets the Constitution in the traditional ("conservative") manner. Congress's authority to regulate "the Manner of holding Elections" refers strictly to voting mechanics. For example, Congress may specify whether we vote by open or secret ballot and whether a candidate needs a majority to win or can win by a plurality. But the Constitution leaves regulation of campaigns to state laws governing defamation, corrupt practices, and so forth.
The Supreme Court did not hold that "Manner of Election" included campaigns until a "progressive" majority did so in 1941. The Court's accompanying opinion was based on little or no inquiry into the real meaning of the constitutional language.
Yet in McCutcheon the justices (and the parties) accepted that suspect holding without question, and proceeded immediately to the First Amendment issue.
The third example from the term just ended is NLRB v. Noel Canning, which unanimously invalidated some of President Obama's "recess appointments." The Constitution's Recess Appointments Clause is an enumerated power of the President that grants him the prerogative, without Senate consent, "to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate." The Court needed to decide (1) whether the "Recess" meant only the intersession recess or encompassed other breaks as well, and (2) whether for a vacancy to "happen" it had to arise during the recess or could merely continue into a recess.
The Founding-Era record is crystal clear on both questions: A "Recess" means only an intersession break and the vacancy must arise then. A traditional ("conservative") bench would have so found. And, in fact, four justices did so find—relying on an article I wrote earlier this year that documented the Founders' understanding at length.
But the majority did not follow the Recess Appointments Clause as the Founders understood it. Rather, it applied a sort of balancing test of the "living constitution" variety. President Obama lost only because he had violated even that flaccid and malleable standard.
The result was a small conservative victory, but at great cost: That cost was a complete revision and a serious weakening of an important constitutional check-and-balance—yet another example of the fundamentally liberal jurisprudence of a Court that many in the national media insist on calling "conservative."
The Supreme Court's Same-Sex Marriage Non-Decision: Cowardly and Irresponsible
Filed under: All Postings, supreme court
This article was first posted at cnsnews.com.
The Supreme Court's decision to reject all requests for review of lower-court homosexual marriage cases was cowardly and irresponsible. Certainly it is absurd to call this non-decision, as liberal commentator Cass Sunstein did, a manifestation of "the passive virtues."
There are two possible reasons for the Court's avoidance. The less likely is that the justices are waiting for further issue development in the tribunals below. The Court frequently defers considering an issue until that issue has "gestated" throughout the judicial system. In this instance, however, the effect of inaction is to require most states to license same-sex marriages. Tens of thousands of couples will be entering into such unions. If the Court later decides that state provisions banning such marriages have been valid all along, those couples will be left in legal limbo. In that respect, the Court's non-decision is irresponsible to the point of cruelty.
This is particularly so because it was the justices' pretentious pontificating in United States v. Windsor that helped create this mess.
There is a more likely reason for the Court's dodge: It was designed to legalize same-sex unions nationwide, while avoiding a hearing or a formal legal opinion. If this is the correct explanation, it was a cowardly and contemptuous way of treating the "separate and independent sovereigns," as Chief Justice Roberts has described the states. It also is an extraordinary manner of altering a fundamental, ancient, and revered institution.
Since the 1960s, the Court has emitted a burst of decrees imposing a code of liberal/secular social and sexual mores on Americans, despite previous popular rejection. (Advocates of traditional marriage won 32 of the 34 state constitutional referenda on the subject, mostly in landslide victories, and all within the last 16 years.) All of these decrees, except the latest, have been accompanied by written opinions whose common characteristic has been weak and specious analysis—well below the standards the Court applies in other kinds of cases. Decisions like Griswold v. Connecticut, Eisenstadt v. Baird, Roe v. Wade, Romer v. Evans, Lawrence v. Texas, U.S. v. Windsor, and the plurality opinion in Casey v. Planned Parenthood have relied on doctored history, factual omissions, and obvious constitutional mistakes. In the Windsor case, the holding was not based clearly on any specific constitutional provision at all. In each of these opinions, the Court stuffed the holes with pious sermonizing or rhetorical bombast.
Now, it appears, the Court has simply given up. No need to justify your decisions if you can govern by mere decree.
Make no mistake: This is a development of major importance. That it will have wide social consequences is generally understood. What is not generally understood is that the Court's high-handed maneuver will trigger set off enormous political consequences as well.
* * * *
Just to clarify: This is a constitutional discussion; the Independence Institute does not take a position on the substantive merits of same-sex marriage.


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Close encounter with Mexican cats
Until yesterday it was mere curiosity, but then I got a little too close to some particularly savage looking caterpillars I'd seen on a peach tree. I was weeding around the tree, being careful not to disturb the cats, when I felt a tingle on the back of my upper arm. I had brushed against a rose bush and thought at first the thorns had pricked me. But on closer inspection, I saw that some of the cats had migrated to the rose bush.
"Owwwww," I whined, and headed for the house, the weeding abandoned for the day. My arm was starting to throb. I planned to take Benedryl and go to bed, but I decided to see how bad it would get, so I just washed the area with soap and cold water and scrubbed it with a nail brush (that felt good).
After the cold scrubbing-induced numbness wore off, it didn't hurt anymore. I could detect several mosquito-bite-size bumps under the skin and a slight tenderness, but I had no more pain or itching. Overall, it was not nearly as bad as, say, a jellyfish sting.
I've been finding a lot of different cats, only a couple of which I have recognized. Maybe some of you can help identify them. When I return to Mexico in January, I'll bring the appropriate gear to rear some of them to adulthood. From Butterflies and Moths of Michoac
These eggs are on a black cherry leaf. I think they are probably the same species as the stinging cats on the peach and rose. From Butterflies and Moths of Michoacán
I find these on thorn bushes. From Butterflies and Moths of Michoacán
I find these on romero milkweed (A. linaria) summer and winter. From Butterflies and Moths of Michoacán
I think this is a Queen. It is on romero milkweed. From Butterflies and Moths of Michoacán
I was ecstatic to find this tiny Eastern Black Swallowtail when I stopped to photograph the flower on my dill. I brought him inside and offered him dill, fennel and parsley to see which he preferred. So far, he's remained on his original dill florette. The next day, I found his older brother on the the fennel plant, so I brought him in too. They are in separate containers for now, at least until the little guy grows enough to hold his own. From Butterflies and Moths of Michoacán
I shot this from across the fence. I think the vine may be milkweed, but I won't be sure until I get a closer look.
Geni, the caterpillar is a luna moth cat.
I can't help you with IDing your cats, but the ones on asclepias linaria look a lot like scarlet-bodied wasp moths and polka dot wasp moths, which use host plants similar to milkweed, so I imagine they're one of the brightly colored, day flying wasp moths.
The last one looks like a salt marsh moth cat, so, if that's not what is is, it's probably something close, like a woolly bear.
Beautiful pictures!
Sherry, thanks for the suggestions. I tried rearing some of the yellow milkweed cats this year, but I gave up when they wouldn't eat. I didn't have a good habitat for them, but next trip I'll bring an enclosure.
Experience has told me that BST cats are like Lay's potato chips -- never just one. I'm up to five now, and they are happily eating dill and fennel. The four little ones are in a plastic box that alfafa sprouts came in, and the big one is in a makeshift enclosure, the top of a five-liter water bottle over a plastic container of water with fennel stuck through a hole in the lid, all sitting on a paper plate.
I continue to find the spiny ones on rose leaves, and I've found two so far on the doormat. They're coming after me where I live. Fortunately, I've had no lingering effects from the stings.
Sandy, what a beautiful little butterfly. I hope you'll post more of your Laos photos -- or have I overlooked them?
Here's a pic of the BST habitat.
From Butterflies and Moths of Michoacán
And here's another unusual cat I saw on a walk recently.
From Butterflies and Moths of Michoacán
I am incorrigible. With two days left here before I return to Alabama, I discovered two more little BST cats on the fennel. What did I do -- brought them inside, of course. And today I found another one on parsley. I brought it in, too. I now have seven little ones happily eating fennel, dill and parsley. The largest one pupated a couple of days ago. I know I'll have to put them back outside tomorrow, but it's been fun having them inside for a few days. From Butterflies and Moths of Michoacán This is the first one I found and it is now the biggest of the remaining cats. From Butterflies and Moths of Michoacán These are the first four little cats, before I added three more to the enclosure. The chrysalis is on the side of the water container.
My last official act of 2008 in my Mexican butterfly garden was to return my BST cats to the wild. I moved the water container to the herb garden and let some of the cats migrate to the fennel. Then I moved the container next to the dill and let the rest of the cats go to their preferred host. Finally, when all the cats had made the transfer, I dumped out the water and put the container on top of the upturned birdbath next to a tall cosmos stalk so that when the butterfly ecloses it can climb the cosmos to dry its wings. I put a rock inside the plastic cup so the wind won't blow it off, and I just crossed my fingers and hoped that the cosmos leaves would provide cover from curious birds. That's all I could think to do for them; now it's up to nature to decide whether they make it.
So, when I got back to Alabama, what did I find on my parsley? Two gigantic BST cats, which are now happily munching away on parsley inside a mesh container next to my computer.


text:
Click on the appropriate month for daily details and links. If an item doesn't have a link, try again later (I am always updating and will post a video myself if necessary).
January 2009
: American Idol audition.
February 2009
: American Idol Hollywood Week, "Satisfaction" performances.
March 2009
: Black or White, Ring of Fire, Tracks of My Tears, Play That Funky Music.
April 2009
: Mad World, Born to be Wild, If I Can't Have You, Feeling Good.
May 2009
: Whole Lotta Love, Slow Ride, San Diego home visit, One, Cryin', American Idol Finale (Queen, Kiss), Today Show, Idolatry
June 2009
: Young Hollywood Artist of the Year, Rolling Stone magazine cover, 20/20, Access Hollywood, L.A. Times, American Idol Live Tour Rehearsal
July 2009
: American Idol Live! 2009 concert tour, bubbletweets, Graceland visit
August 2009
: American Idol Live! 2009 concert tour, bubbletweets, Good Morning America
September 2009
: American Idol Live! 2009 concert tour, bubbletweets, Ford Day
October 2009
: Details Magazine, Oprah, Party City.
November 2009
: American Music Awards, David Letterman, Early Show, ELLE.
December 2009
: Barbara Walters, Conan O'Brien, Ellen, Gridlock, Hard Rock Hotel, Jay Leno, Jingle Balls, VEVO.
My original inspiration for this web site project was the Adam Lambert Reference Centre page, which I used as a start and then updated information from various fan blogs and press stories. For a list, please see the links below.
Official Sites
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Adam Lambert Official Fan Club (ALF)
Adam Official (AO)
Fan Sites
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Adam Lambert Reference Centre
Hello and welcome to Adam Lambert History! This site is for the enjoyment of all Adam Lambert fans, whether you have just discovered him or have been following his career for years.
Here you will find a timeline of events in Adam's amazing career. I consider this site to be a "sign post" where you can find information and links to live performances, radio and tv interviews, internet videos, magazine articles, music videos, and other important milestones.
This site would not be possible without the Adam Lambert fan community and I want to thank all the amazing fans out there who post videos, scans and photos so that we can all enjoy them.
I compile information from a variety of news and public fan sites from all over the internet (see "Sources/Links" below). I do not claim to own any of this information and will provide a link to the original source whenever possible.
Click on the appropriate month for daily details and links. If an item doesn't have a link, try again later (I am always updating and will post a video myself if necessary).
January 2010
: Critics Choice Awards, Fuse TV, Grammy's, Much On Demand (Canada), Ellen DeGeneres Show, Oprah, Screen Actors Guild Awards, Urban Fashionista, VEVO,VMan Magazine
February 2010
: Grammys, Rock My Town concert, AOL Sessions Online, Z100 "Best New Artist", iheartradio, New York fashion week, Donor's Choose, VH1, Fantasy Springs concert
March 2010
: Jay Leno, SYTYCD-Australia, Nova FM, Australian Mardis Gras, Sunrise Show, Marble Bar, Attitude, Flaunt, VH1 Unplugged, Singapore Showcase, Club Eleven, Waratte Iitomo, Sukkirri, BRAVO, People, Berns, numerous radio interviews
April 2010
: Yogaku Tengoku, Bravo Web TV, Daily Star, Red Robinson, River Rock, ET Canada, American Idol Season 9, MuchMusic Canada, The Pulse, GLAAD, Sirius XM Radio, Myspace Webchat, G-A-Y London, HMV Heaven, 3M Serious Radio, ARD Morgenmagazin, NRJ Berlin
May 2010
: YRB Magazine, Finland's X Factor, Zurich Showcase, Attitude, Jonathan Ross, Studio Five, Teen Nick, Beautiful People party, Wango Tango, Ellen, Jay Leno, KIIS 108 concert, people.com, E! Online, Extra, Poppaganda.net
June 2010
: VH1 "posted", Glam Nation Tour, Kfest, KISS Wham Bam, Much Music Video Awards
July 2010
: Glam Nation Tour
August 2010
: Glam Nation Tour
September 2010
: Glam Nation Tour
October 2010
: Glam Nation Tour
November 2010
: Glam Nation Tour, E! True Hollywood Story
December 2010
: Paris photo shoot, Acoustic Live, Q102 and Y100 Jingle Balls, Glam Nation Los Angeles
Join me on twitter for daily links to Adam-related "flashbacks" for this day in history.
My twitter name is 4Adam4Life. My email address is email@example.com.
page contains an alphabetical list of all performances by Adam with a media link (where possible).
There are pages for each year since Adam appeared on American Idol for the first time (2009) until the present. Each page contains an event timeline by month. Click on a calendar to see the daily details with media links to each event.
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If you come across a link that doesn't work, please e-mail me at email@example.com to let me know so I can fix it! Thanks!
Click on the appropriate month for daily details and links. If an item doesn't have a link, try again later (I am always updating and will post a video myself if necessary).
January 2011
: Grammy Nominee CD, Portrait Magazine, Golden Gloves Gift Suite, In Rock Magazine, RuPaul's Drag Race, Elton John Fundraiser
February 2011
: The Talk, Ellen Show, Extra, Clive Davis, 2011 Grammys, Perez Hilton, MovieStar Magazine
March 2011
: Aftermath Remix, American Idol Season 10, American Idol 10th Anniversary CD, Glam Nation Live DVD
April 2011
: Lady Gaga party, Uh Huh Her concert, The Edge interview, New Now Next Awards, Sister Act show, Finnish Idols Give Back, RuPaul Finale, ASCAP Awards
May 2011
: MTV.com, Google Chrome, EW, Prince Concert, Hotel Café, New Tattoo, Twitter Party, AI 10 Finale Red Carpet, Festival Maxidrom (Moscow)
June 2011
: MusiquePlus, Studio 69, InRock, Behind The Music
July 2011
: InRock, Entertainment Tonight, Molecule, Bravo, St. Agathe concert
August 2011
: Musique Plus, L'Information, Reality Rocks, VH1, Equality Awards, Do Something Awards
September 2011
: Talk Playground, ET, Rico Love, The Insider, Project Runway, PFLAG, Heidi Klum
October 2011
: The Advocate, So You Think You Can Drag, Fashion Police, MTV O Awards
November 2011
: European Music Awards, The Insider, Yahoo, Majors & Minors, Out 100, Entertainment Weekly, American Music Awards, Clevver Music, Tune.fi, Access Hollywood
December 2011
: Better Than I Know Myself, Clevver Music, Amway Event (Shanghai), Sony Portugal, AdamOfficial, YouTube Ads
All Songs
Idol Tour
Click on the appropriate month for daily details and links. If an item doesn't have a link, try again later (I am always updating and will post a video myself if necessary).
January 2012
: ETalk, Hollywood.tv, various radio interviews, Tonight Show, Ellen Show, Access Hollywood, ET Canada, MTV.com, Yahoo, ClevverMusic, The Insider, E! Tonight, Prohoboctn, VEVO, VH1, Q-Snowcase
February 2012
: Better Than I Know Myself music video and radio promotion tour, London Showcase, Mix Megapol, Grammys, Fuse TV, AdamOfficial, Poplick, 45 minuuttia, Elton John Party
March 2012
: Radio promotional tour, Bravo, Yahoo OMG, ET Canada, Jezebel, BTIKM Remixes, MTV Act, INROCK, Dorian, Trespassing Snippets, Amazon, FAULT
April 2012
: 104.3 FM, Bravo, NewNowNext Awards, InRock, DarkCity, Russian Queer, Instinct, Jimmy Kimmel, PopCandies, RumorFix, Loud
May 2012
: Chelsea Lately, ETalk, Good Morning America, Fan Cave, iheartradio, American Idol, Fantabuloso, KISS 108, KTUphoria, Sirius, AOL Sessions, Springleball, Bravo TV, Summer Smash, Summer Blastoff, Spring Fling, Freshtival
June 2012
: Galaxie, 4Music, London Royal, Sunrise Live, G-A-Y, Tabloid, FWord, Koolkiwis, Press Party, Celebrity E-Watch, Graham Norton, Chart Show, Summer Thing, Virgin Radio 96, BBC1, BBC2, O Music Awards, Friday Download, Queen in Kiev
July 2012
: Freshly Squeezed, Queen+Adam concerts (Moscow, Poland, London), Wroclove press conference, Fuji Mezamashi, Orange County Fair, EndFest 2012, Fantasy Springs, Six Flags Fiesta, Winstar
August 2012
: Myish, SameSame, Tokyo FM, Summer Sonic 2012, Sukkiri, Zip NTV, Mezamashi Live, Take 40 Live Lounge, The Morning Show, Nova FM, Sunrise TV, Guerilla Gig, NCOE Remixes
September 2012
: Matinee Circus Disco, Max Take 5, Whosay, Fan Club, Hot Hits USA, Fashion Week, CBC Canada, Fashion Police, MTV, Marriage Equality Benefit, Rove LA, Voice of China
October 2012
: Post 80 Talk Show, JB HiFi Signing, Australian radio, 2012 BMW Caulfield Cup Carnival, Arizona State Fair, Pretty Little Liars, South African radio, Texas Tango
November 2012
: VH1 Tuner, Live in the Vineyard, WFAA, Big Morning Buzz, Top 20 Countdown, InRock Mag, Cape Town, Heat Mag, Johannesburg, Mercedes-Benz Event, In-Sixty Interview, MAMA
December 2012
: Hennessy, Classic Rock, Fiasco, Home for the Holidays, Wendy Williams Show, Big Morning Buzz, Hong Kong Radio, Reality Rocks, Jingle Ball, VH1 Divas 2012, Hits of 2012, Jjang, People, MyFoxLA, Bali concert
Click on the appropriate month for daily details and links. If an item doesn't have a link, try again later (I am always updating and will post a video myself if necessary).
January 2013
: Viet Nam press conference and concert, CCTV, VH1 News, Emvee, In-Rock, Step Up on Vine, GoGo Mix, US Weekly, China Daily, We Are Family Foundation concert
February 2013
: Hollywood Life, Shanghai Whenever, MTV Talk, Best Planet, evoke, The Mix, InRock, Better TV, KLIK, We Are Glamily mini-tour (S. Korea, Japan), ZIP TV, Rift Ad
March 2013
: We are Glamily mini-tour in Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Jakarta, Minsk, Moscow, Kiev, St. Petersburg, and Helsinki
April 2013
: Rift promo, SFGN, Sun Sentinel, Press Party, Miami Beach Gay Pride Festival, In-Rock Mag, Chinese Music Awards, Chinese Idol, 80s Talk Show
May 2013
: Equal, Fuse TV, GLAAD Media Awards, Singapore Teens, Pop Candies, American Idol (Season 12), 80s Generation Talk Show, Whirl, Life Ball 2013, Hope of LA
June 2013
: Friend Movement Campaign, vine videos by Adam, Fashion Police, CBS News Radio, Pittsburgh Pride, E! News, National Anthem, American Girl, Universal Studios
July 2013
: San Diego County Fair, Live Proud Concert, Clevver Music, Celebified, Fuse News, Ryan Seacrest, California Mid-State Fair, Lay Me Down, About magazine
August 2013
: "Lovelace" Premiere, "Hooray Henry" Club opening, Chateau Marmont, CCM Remixes, AFTEE Benefit, Ryan Seacrest, MTV Music Awards
September 2013
: Australia magazine, iHeart Radio Musical Festival, vine posts, Bootsy Bellows
October 2013
: Pop Candies, Glee promos, Coming Out Day, Bridegroom Premiere, Style Fashion Week, Spell Block Tango, Halloween Parties
November 2013
: Access Hollywood, Miami Make-A-Wish Ball, TMZ, Ellen DeGeneres Show, Glee, Ryan Seacrest, ET, Labby Stav & Abby, Film-News, Bro Show, NY Times, Daybreak, Extra, BleauLive
December 2013
Queen and Adam Lambert Tickets
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Everday the highlight was in deciding what to order from the menu. I don't think we missed one meal in the Goodstone dining room.
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News Of Korean Actor Lee Seoung Ki
Hollywood Korean American actor Ki Hong Lee Ready to Tie the Knot, Announces Engagement
Korean American actor Ki Hong Lee is finally ready to tie the knot with long-time girlfriend Ha Young Choi. The actor who could not contain his excitement, announced the news on Tuesday!. ... Read more
Ji Chang Wook Ranked #10 For Most Popular Korean Actor In China
In a poll that was held recently for Chinese only, Ji Chang Wook was voted as the most popular Korean actor in China. ... Read more
"2014 KBS Drama Awards" Lee Joon-ki feeling responsibility as an actor to promote Korean dramas
Lee Joon-ki won the Excellence Award for Actor in mid-length dramas.
2014 KBS Drama Awards took place in KBS Hall at 8:30 PM on December 31st , hosted by Kim Sang-kyeong, Park Min-yeong and Seo In-guk. . ... Read more
Korean Actor Bi Rain Selected As Chinese Model for to model for Luxury Fashion Brand Yves Saint Laurent China
Korean actor Bi Rain (Jung Ji Hoon) has been selected as new representative of cosmetic brand L'Oreal Group, and Chinese model for Yves Saint Laurent.. ... Read more
South Korean Actor Kim Min Suk Joins Hand With Woollim Entertainment
It has been reported that actor Kim Min Suk decided to join hand with the famous entertainment agency, Woollim Entertainment!
Lately, the profile of Kim Min Suk on Naver has been updated by pointing out that the actor is under Woollim Entertainment. Meanwhile, he himself also made an update on his personal Twitter account in his description, stating the same fact.. ... Read more
How hard Korean actor tried when playing classical musician
For a normal actor, the mission of playing a classical musician is really a hard challenge. Even if the actor can play a classical instrument, it's unlikely that she/he can play the musical instrument professionally at the performance level their characters are said to have achieved.. ... Read more
Korean actress Chae Rim and Chinese actor Gao Zi Qi to marry in October
On July 23, due to various telephone inquiries, Chae Rim"s agency Sidus HQ released an official announcement that Chae Rim and Chinese actor Gao Zi Qi decided to get married on upcoming October 14th. ... Read more
Actor Lee Jung Jae Discusses His Korean Film Career At The NYAFF Press Conference
(Photo : Tamar Herman for KDramastars )
Actor Lee Jung Jae provided an interesting perspective on Korean film during his press conference.
Korean Actor in Focus Lee Jung Jae was present for a New York Asian Film Festival press conference on July 7. . ... Read more
2PM's Nichkhun Wants To Mature As An Actor In China As He Prepares For Upcoming Korean And Chinese Drama
2PM"s Nichkhun attended the press conference for his upcoming Korean and Chinese drama titled, "One and a Half Summer" on June 16th in Shanghai, China.
According to several Chinese news media on June 17th, the director stated that Nichkhun"s upcoming drama is going to be much better than "You Who Came From The Stars." . ... Read more
Lee Min Ho is #1 Korean Actor Chinese TV Shows Want
Actor Lee Min Ho was listed as the number one actor Chinese entertainment programs want to host according to a Chinese survey. According to the survey conducted from May 18 to May 31, 2014, Lee Min Ho gained 27% of the votes and ranked number one, Ten Cent said. In January of this year, Lee Min Ho starred in a popular Chinese TV talk show, and appeared for the full 90 minutes, the first among Korean actors. Last month, Lee Min Ho starred in the mobile messenger Line"s promotional short drama "One Line Love," which recorded over 20,000,000 views. . ... Read more