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IB chemistry revision checklist Topic 1: Quantitative chemistry 1.1 The mole concept and Avogadro's constant revised can 1.1.1 Apply the mole concept to substances. 1.1.2 Determine the number of particles and the amount of substance (in moles). 1.2 Formulas revised can 1.2.1 Define the terms relative atomic mass (Ar) and relative molecular mass (Mr). 1.2.2 Calculate the mass of one mole of a species from its formula. 1.2.3 Solve problems involving the relationship between the amount of substance in moles, mass and molar mass. 1.2.4 Distinguish between the terms empirical formula and molecular formula. 1.2.5 Determine the empirical formula from the percentage composition or from other experimental data. 1.2.6 Determine the molecular formula when given both the empirical formula and experimental data. 1.3 Chemical equations revised can 1.3.1 Deduce chemical equations when all reactants and products are given. 1.3.2 Identify the mole ratio of any two species in a chemical equation. 1.3.3 Apply the state symbols (s), (l), (g) and (aq). 1.4 Mass and gaseous volume relationships in chemical reactions revised can 1.4.1 Calculate theoretical yields from chemical equations. 1.4.2 Determine the limiting reactant and the reactant in excess when quantities of reacting substances are given. 1.4.3 Solve problems involving theoretical, experimental and percentage yield. 1.4.5 Apply Avogadro's law to calculate reacting volumes of gases. 1.4.6 Apply the concept of molar volume at standard temperature and pressure in calculations. 1.4.7 Solve problems involving the relationship between temperature, pressure and volume for a fixed mass of an ideal gas. 1.4.8 Solve problems using the ideal gas equation, PV = nRT 1.4.9 Analyse graphs relating to the ideal gas equation. 1.5 Solutions revised can –3 1.5.1 Distinguish between the terms solute, solvent, solution and concentration (g dm and mol –3 dm ). 1.5.2 Solve problems involving concentration, amount of solute and volume of solution. IB chemistry revision checklist 1 Topic 2: Atomic structure 2.1 The atom revised can 2.1.1 State the position of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom. 2.1.2 State the relative masses and relative charges of protons, neutrons and electrons. 2.1.3 Define the terms mass number (A), atomic number (Z) and isotopes of an element. 2.1.4 Deduce the symbol for an isotope given its mass number and atomic number. 2.1.5 Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms and ions from the mass number, atomic number and charge. 2.1.6 Compare the properties of the isotopes of an element. 2.1.7 Discuss the uses of radioisotopes 2.2 The mass spectrometer revised can 2.2.1 Describe and explain the operation of a mass spectrometer. 2.2.2 Describe how the mass spectrometer may be used to determine relative atomic mass using 12 the C scale. 2.2.3 Calculate non-integer relative atomic masses and abundance of isotopes from given data. 2.3 Electron arrangement revised can 2.3.1 Describe the electromagnetic spectrum. 2.3.2 Distinguish between a continuous spectrum and a line spectrum. 2.3.3 Explain how the lines in the emission spectrum of hydrogen are related to electron energy levels. 2.3.4 Deduce the electron arrangement for atoms and ions up to Z = 20. IB chemistry revision checklist 2 Topic 3: Periodicity 3.1 The periodic table revised can 3.1.1 Describe the arrangement of elements in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number. 3.1.2 Distinguish between the terms group and period. 3.1.3 Apply the relationship between the electron arrangement of elements and their position in the periodic table up to Z = 20. 3.1.4 Apply the relationship between the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level for an element and its position in the periodic table. 3.2 Physical properties revised can 3.2.1 Define the terms first ionization energy and electronegativity. 3.2.2 Describe and explain the trends in atomic radii, ionic radii, first ionization energies, electronegativities and melting points for the alkali metals ( Li Cs ) and the halogens ( F . 3.2.3 Describe and explain the trends in atomic radii, ionic radii, first ionization energies and electronegativities for elements across period 3. 3.2.4 Compare the relative electronegativity values of two or more elements based on their positions in the periodic table. 3.3 Chemical properties 3 hours revised can 3.3.1 Discuss the similarities and differences in the chemical properties of elements in the same group. 3.3.2 Discuss the changes in nature, from ionic to covalent and from basic to acidic, of the oxides across period 3. IB chemistry revision checklist 3 Topic 4: Bonding 4.1 Ionic bonding revised can 4.1.1 Describe the ionic bond as the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. 4.1.2 Describe how ions can be formed as a result of electron transfer. 4.1.3 Deduce which ions will be formed when elements in groups 1, 2 and 3 lose electrons. 4.1.4 Deduce which ions will be formed when elements in groups 5, 6 and 7 gain electrons. 4.1.5 State that transition elements can form more than one ion. 4.1.6 Predict whether a compound of two elements would be ionic from the position of the elements in the periodic table or from their electronegativity values. 4.1.7 State the formula of common polyatomic ions formed by non-metals in periods 2 and 3. 4.1.8 Describe the lattice structure of ionic compounds. 4.2 Covalent bonding revised can 4.2.1 Describe how the covalent bond is formed as a result of electron sharing. 4.2.2 Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structures of molecules and ions for up to four electron pairs on each atom. 4.2.3 State and explain the relationship between the number of bonds, bond length and bond strength. 4.2.4 Predict whether a compound of two elements would be covalent from the position of the elements in the periodic table or from their electronegativity values. 4.2.5 Predict the relative polarity of bonds from electronegativity values 4.2.6 Predict the shape and bond angles for species with four, three and two negative charge centres on the central atom using the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR). 4.2.7 Predict whether or not a molecule is polar from its molecular shape and bond polarities. 4.2.8 Describe and compare the structure and bonding in the three allotropes of carbon (diamond, graphite and C60 fullerene). 4.2.9 Describe the structure of and bonding in silicon and silicon dioxide. 4.3 Intermolecular forces revised can 4.3.1 Describe the types of intermolecular forces (attractions between molecules that have temporary dipoles, permanent dipoles or hydrogen bonding) and explain how they arise from the structural features of molecules. 4.3.2 Describe and explain how intermolecular forces affect the boiling points of substances. 4.4 Metallic bonding revised can 4.4.1 Describe the metallic bond as the electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized electrons. 4.4.2 Explain the electrical conductivity and malleability of metals. 4.5 Physical properties 2 hours revised can 4.5.1 Compare and explain the properties of substances resulting from different types of bonding. IB chemistry revision checklist 4 Topic 5: Energetics 5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions revised can 5.1.1 Define the terms exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction and standard enthalpy change of reaction (∆H ) . Ö 5.1.2 State that combustion and neutralization are exothermic processes. 5.1.3 Apply the relationship between temperature change, enthalpy change and the classification of a reaction as endothermic or exothermic. 5.1.4 Deduce, from an enthalpy level diagram, the relative stabilities of reactants and products, and the sign of the enthalpy change for the reaction. 5.2 Calculation of enthalpy changes revised can 5.2.1 Calculate the heat energy change when the temperature of a pure substance is changed. 5.2.2 Design suitable experimental procedures for measuring the heat energy changes of reactions. 5.2.3 Calculate the enthalpy change for a reaction using experimental data on temperature changes, quantities of reactants and mass of water. 5.2.4 Evaluate the results of experiments to determine enthalpy changes. 5.3 Hess's law revised can 5.3.1 Determine the enthalpy change of a reaction that is the sum of two or three reactions with known enthalpy changes. 5.4 Bond enthalpies 2 hours revised can 5.4.1 Define the term average bond enthalpy. 5.4.2 Explain, in terms of average bond enthalpies, why some reactions are exothermic and others are endothermic. IB chemistry revision checklist 5 Topic 6: Kinetics 6.1 Rates of reaction revised can 6.1.1 Define the term rate of reaction. 6.1.2 Describe suitable experimental procedures for measuring rates of reactions. 6.1.3 Analyse data from rate experiments 6.2 Collision theory revised can 6.2.1 Describe the kinetic theory in terms of the movement of particles whose average energy is proportional to temperature in kelvins. 6.2.2 Define the term activation energy, Ea. 6.2.3 Describe the collision theory. 6.2.4 Predict and explain, using the collision theory, the qualitative effects of particle size, temperature, concentration and pressure on the rate of a reaction. 6.2.5 Sketch and explain qualitatively the Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution curve for a fixed amount of gas at different temperatures and its consequences for changes in reaction rate. 6.2.6 Describe the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction. 6.2.7 Sketch and explain Maxwell– Boltzmann curves for reactions with and without catalysts. Topic 7: Equilibrium 7.1 Dynamic equilibrium revised can 7.1.1 Outline the characteristics of chemical and physical systems in a state of equilibrium. 7.2 The position of equilibrium revised can 7.2.1 Deduce the equilibrium constant expression (Kc) from the equation for a homogeneous reaction. 7.2.2 Deduce the extent of a reaction from the magnitude of the equilibrium constant. 7.2.3 Apply Le Chatelier's principle to predict the qualitative effects of changes of temperature, pressure and concentration on the position of equilibrium and on the value of the equilibrium constant. 7.2.4 State and explain the effect of a catalyst on an equilibrium reaction. 7.2.5 Apply the concepts of kinetics and equilibrium to industrial processes. IB chemistry revision checklist 6 Topic 8: Acids and bases 8.1 Theories of acids and bases revised can 8.1.1 Define acids and bases according to the Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis theories. 8.1.2 Deduce whether or not a species could act as a Brønsted–Lowry and/or a Lewis acid or base. 8.1.3 Deduce the formula of the conjugate acid (or base) of any Brønsted–Lowry base (or acid). 8.2 Properties of acids and bases revised can 8.2.1 Outline the characteristic properties of acids and bases in aqueous solution 8.3 Strong and weak acids and bases revised can 8.3.1 Distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases in terms of the extent of dissociation, reaction with water and electrical conductivity. 8.3.2 State whether a given acid or base is strong or weak. 8.3.3 Distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases, and determine the relative strengths of acids and bases, using experimental data. 8.4 The pH scale revised can 8.4.1 Distinguish between aqueous solutions that are acidic, neutral or alkaline using the pH scale. 8.4.2 Identify which of two or more aqueous solutions is more acidic or alkaline using pH values. 8.4.3 State that each change of one pH unit represents a 10-fold change in the hydrogen ion concentration [H+(aq)]. + 8.4.4 Deduce changes in [H (aq)] when the pH of a solution changes by more than one pH unit. IB chemistry revision checklist 7 Topic 9: Oxidation and reduction 9.1 Introduction to oxidation and reduction revised can 9.1.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electron loss and gain. 9.1.2 Deduce the oxidation number of an element in a compound. 9.1.3 State the names of compounds using oxidation numbers. 9.1.4 Deduce whether an element undergoes oxidation or reduction in reactions using oxidation numbers. 9.2 Redox equations revised can 9.2.1 Deduce simple oxidation and reduction half-equations given the species involved in a redox reaction 9.2.2 Deduce redox equations using half equations. 9.2.3 Define the terms oxidizing agent and reducing agent. 9.2.4 Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in redox equations. 9.3 Reactivity revised can 9.3.1 Deduce a reactivity series based on the chemical behaviour of a group of oxidizing and reducing agents. 9.3.2 Deduce the feasibility of a redox reaction from a given reactivity series. 9.4 Voltaic cells revised can 9.4.1 Explain how a redox reaction is used to produce electricity in a voltaic cell. 9.4.2 State that oxidation occurs at the negative electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the positive electrode (cathode). 9.5 Electrolytic cells revised can 9.5.1 Describe, using a diagram, the essential components of an electrolytic cell. 9.5.2 State that oxidation occurs at the positive electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the negative electrode (cathode). 9.5.3 Describe how current is conducted in an electrolytic cell. 9.5.4 Deduce the products of the electrolysis of a molten salt. IB chemistry revision checklist 8 Topic 10: Organic chemistry 10.1 Introduction revised can 10.1.1 Describe the features of homologous series. 10.1.2 Predict and explain the trends in boiling points of members of a homologous series. 10.1.3 Distinguish between empirical, molecular and structural formulas. 10.1.4 Describe structural isomers as compounds with the same molecular formula but with different arrangements of atoms. 10.1.5 Deduce structural formulas for the isomers of the non-cyclic alkanes up to C6. 10.1.6 Apply IUPAC rules for naming the isomers of the non-cyclic alkanes up to C6. 10.1.7 Deduce structural formulas for the isomers of the straight-chain alkenes up to C6. 10.1.8 Apply IUPAC rules for naming the isomers of the straight-chain alkenes up to C6. 10.1.9 Deduce structural formulas for compounds containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the following functional groups: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid and halide. 10.1.10 Apply IUPAC rules for naming compounds containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the following functional groups: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid and halide. 10.1.11 Identify the following functional groups when present in structural formulas: amino (NH2), benzene ring ( ) and esters (RCOOR). 10.1.12 Identify primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms in alcohols and halogenoalkanes. 10.1.13 Discuss the volatility and solubility in water of compounds containing the functional groups: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid and halide. 10.2 Alkanes revised can 10.2.1 Explain the low reactivity of alkanes in terms of bond enthalpies and bond polarity. 10.2.2 Describe, using equations, the complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes. 10.2.3 Describe, using equations, the reactions of methane and ethane with chlorine and bromine. 10.2.4 Explain the reactions of methane and ethane with chlorine and bromine in terms of a free- radical mechanism. 10.3 Alkenes revised can 10.3.1 Describe, using equations, the reactions of alkenes with hydrogen and halogens. 10.3.2 Describe, using equations, the reactions of symmetrical alkenes with hydrogen halides and water. 10.3.3 Distinguish between alkanes and alkenes using bromine water. Outline the polymerization of alkenes. 10.3.4 Outline the economic importance of the reactions of alkenes. 10.4 Alcohols revised can 10.4.1 Describe, using equations, the complete combustion of alcohols. 10.4.2 Describe, using equations, the oxidation reactions of alcohols. 10.4.3 Determine the products formed by the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. IB chemistry revision checklist 9 10.5 Halogenoalkanes revised can 10.5.1 Describe, using equations, the substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes with sodium hydroxide. 10.5.2 Explain the substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes with sodium hydroxide in terms of SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. 10.6 Reaction pathways revised can 10.6.1 Deduce reaction pathways given the starting materials and the product. IB chemistry revision checklist 10 Topic 11: Measurement and data processing 11.1 Uncertainty and error in measurement revised can 11.1.1 Describe and give examples of random uncertainties and systematic errors. 11.1.2 Distinguish between precision and accuracy. 11.1.3 Describe how the effects of random uncertainties may be reduced. 11.1.4 State random uncertainty as an uncertainty range (±). 11.1.5 State the results of calculations to the appropriate number of significant figures. 11.2 Uncertainties in calculated results revised can 11.2.1 State uncertainties as absolute and percentage uncertainties 11.2.2 Determine the uncertainties in results. 11.3 Graphical techniques revised can 11.3.1 Sketch graphs to represent dependences and interpret graph behaviour. 11.3.2 Construct graphs from experimental data. 11.3.3 Draw best-fit lines through data points on a graph. 11.3.4 Determine the values of physical quantities from graphs. Topic 12: Atomic chemistry 12.1 Electron Configuration revised can 12.1.1 Explain how evidence from first ionization energies across periodsaccounts for the existence of main energy levels and sub-levels in atoms. 12.1.2 Explain how successive ionization energy data is related to the electron configuration of an atom. 12.1.3 State the relative energies of s, p, d and f orbitals in a single energy level. 12.1.4 State the maximum number of orbitals in a given energy level. 12.1.5 Draw the shape of an s orbital and the shapes of the px, py and pz orbitals. 12.1.6 Apply the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule and the Pauli exclusion principle to write electron configurations for atoms and ions up to Z = 54. IB chemistry revision checklist 11 Topic 13: Periodicity 13.1 Trends across period 3 revised can 13.1.1 Explain the physical states (under standard conditions) and electrical conductivity (in the molten state) of the chlorides and oxides of the elements in period 3 in terms of their bonding and structure. 13.1.2 Describe the reactions of chlorine and the chlorides referred to in 13.1.1 with water. 13.2 First-row d-block elements revised can 13.2.1 List the characteristic properties of transition elements. 13.2.2 Explain why Sc and Zn are not considered to be transition elements. 13.2.3 Explain the existence of variable oxidation number in ions of transition elements. 13.2.4 Define the term ligand. 13.2.5 Describe and explain the formation of complexes of d-block elements. 13.2.6 Explain why some complexes of d-block elements are coloured. 13.2.7 State examples of the catalytic action of transition elements and their compounds. 13.2.8 Outline the economic significance of catalysts in the Contact and Haber processes. IB chemistry revision checklist 12 Topic 14: Bonding 14.1 Shapes of Molecules and Ions revised can 14.1.1 Predict the shape and bond angles for species with five and six negative charge centres using the VSEPR theory. 14.2 Hybridization revised can 14.2.1 Describe σ and π bonds. 14.2.2 Explain hybridization in terms of the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals for bonding. 14.2.3 Identify and explain the relationships between Lewis structures, molecular shapes and types of hybridization (sp, sp2 and sp3). 14.3 Delocalization of electrons revised can 14.3.1 Describe the delocalization of π electrons and explain how this can account for the structures of some species. IB chemistry revision checklist 13 Topic 15: Energetics 15.1 Standard enthalpy changes of reaction revised can 15.1.1 Define and apply the terms standard state, standard enthalpy change of formation Hf° and standard enthalpy change of combustion Hc°. 15.1.2 Determine the enthalpy change of a reaction using standard enthalpy changes of formation and combustion. 15.2 Born-Haber cycle revised can 15.2.1 Define and apply the terms lattice enthalpy and electron affinity. 15.2.2 Explain how the relative sizes and the charges of ions affect the lattice enthalpies of different ionic compounds. 15.2.3 Construct a Born–Haber cycle for group 1 and 2 oxides and chlorides, and use it to calculate an enthalpy change. 15.2.4 Discuss the difference between theoretical and experimental lattice enthalpy values of ionic compounds in terms of their covalent character. 15.3 Entropy revised can 15.3.1 State and explain the factors that increase the entropy in a system. 15.3.2 Predict whether the entropy change (ΔS) for a given reaction or process is positive or negative. 15.3.3 Calculate the standard entropy change for a reaction ( S°) using standard entropy values (S°) . 15.4 Spontaneity revised can 15.4.1 Predict whether a reaction or process will be spontaneous by using the sign of G°. 15.4.2 Calculate G° for a reaction using the equation G° = H° − T S° and by using values of the standard free energy change of formation, ΔGf° 15.4.3 Predict the effect of a change in temperature on the spontaneity of a reaction using standard entropy and enthalpy changes and the equation G°= H°− T S°. IB chemistry revision checklist 14 Topic 16: Kinetics 16.1 Rate expressions revised can 16.1.1 Distinguish between the terms rate constant, overall order of reaction and order of reaction with respect to a particular reactant. 16.1.2 Deduce the rate expression for a reaction from experimental data. 16.1.3 Solve problems involving the rate expression 16.1.4 Sketch, identify and analyse graphical representations for zero-, first- and second-order reactions 16.2 Reaction Mechanism revised can 16.2.1 Explain that reactions can occur by more than one step and that the slowest step determines the rate of reaction (rate-determining step). 16.2.2 Describe the relationship between reaction mechanism, order of reaction and rate- determining step. 16.3 Activation energy revised can 16.3.1 Describe qualitatively the relationship between the rate constant (k) and temperature (T). 16.3.2 Determine activation energy (Ea) values from the Arrhenius equation by a graphical method. Topic 17: Equilibrium 17.1 Liquid-vapour equilibrium revised can 17.1.1 Describe the equilibrium established between a liquid and its own vapour and how it is affected by temperature changes. 17.1.2 Sketch graphs showing the relationship between vapour pressure and temperature and explain them in terms of the kinetic theory. 17.1.3 State and explain the relationship between enthalpy of vaporization, boiling point and intermolecular forces. 17.2 The equilibrium law revised can 17.2.1 Solve homogeneous equilibrium problems using the expression for Kc. IB chemistry revision checklist 15 Topic 18: Acids and bases 18.1 Calculations involving acids and bases revised can 18.1.1 State the expression for the ionic product constant of water (Kw). 18.1.2 Deduce [H+(aq)] and [OH–(aq)] for water at different temperatures given Kw values. 18.1.3 Solve problems involving [H+(aq)], [OH–(aq)], pH and pOH. 18.1.4 State the equation for the reaction of any weak acid or weak base with water, and hence deduce the expressions for Ka and Kb. 18.1.5 Solve problems involving calculations of weak acids and weak bases using the expressions Ka °— Kb = Kw pKa + pKb = pKw pH + pOH = pKw 18.1.6 Identify the relative strengths of acids and bases using values of Ka, Kb, pKa and pKb. 18.2 Buffer solutions 2 hours revised can 18.2.1 Describe the composition of a buffer solution and explain its action. 18.2.2 Solve problems involving the composition and pH of a specified buffer system. 18.3 Salt hydrolysis revised can 18.3.1 Deduce whether salts form acidic, alkaline or neutral aqueous solutions. 18.4 Acid-base titrations revised can 18.4.1 Sketch the general shapes of graphs of pH against volume for titrations involving strong and weak acids and bases, and explain their important features 18.5 Indicators revised can 18.5.1 Describe qualitatively the action of an acid–base indicator. 18.5.2 State and explain how the pH range of an acid–base indicator relates to its pKa value. 18.5.3 Identify an appropriate indicator for a titration, given the equivalence point of the titration and the pH range of the indicator. IB chemistry revision checklist 16 Topic 19: Oxidation and reduction 19.1 Standard electrode potentials revised can 19.1.1 Describe the standard hydrogen electrode. 19.1.2 Define the term standard electrode potential (E°) . 19.1.3 Calculate cell potentials using standard electrode potentials. 19.1.4 Predict whether a reaction will be spontaneous using standard electrode potential values. 19.2 Electrolysis revised can 19.2.1 Predict and explain the products of electrolysis of aqueous solutions. 19.2.2 Determine the relative amounts of the products formed during electrolysis. 19.2.3 Describe the use of electrolysis in electroplating. IB chemistry revision checklist 17 Topic 20: Organic chemistry 20.1 Introduction revised can 20.1.1 Deduce structural formulas for compounds containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the following functional groups: amine, amide, ester and nitrile. 20.1.2 Apply IUPAC rules for naming compounds containing up to six carbon atoms with one of the following functional groups: amine, amide, ester and nitrile. 20.2 Nucleophilic substitution reactions revised can 20.2.1 Explain why the hydroxide ion is a better nucleophile than water. 20.1.2 Describe and explain how the rate of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes by the hydroxide ion depends on the identity of the halogen. 20.1.3 Describe and explain how the rate of nucleophilic substitution in halogenoalkanes by the hydroxide ion depends on whether the halogenoalkane is primary, secondary or tertiary. 20.1.4 Describe, using equations, the substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes with ammonia and potassium cyanide. 20.1.5 Explain the reactions of primary halogenoalkanes with ammonia and potassium cyanide in terms of the SN2 mechanism. 20.1.6 Describe, using equations, the reduction of nitriles using hydrogen and a nickel catalyst. 20.3 Elimination reactions revised can 20.3.1 Describe, using equations, the elimination of HBr from bromoalkanes. 20.3.2 Describe and explain the mechanism for the elimination of HBr from bromoalkanes. 20.4 Condensation reactions revised can 20.4.1 Describe, using equations, the reactions of alcohols with carboxylic acids to form esters, and state the uses of esters. 20.4.2 Describe, using equations, the reactions of amines with carboxylic acids. 20.4.3 Deduce the structures of the polymers formed in the reactions of alcohols with carboxylic acids. 20.4.4 Deduce the structures of the polymers formed in the reactions of amines with carboxylic acids. 20.4.5 Outline the economic importance of condensation reactions. 20.5 Reaction pathways revised can 20.5.1 Deduce reaction pathways given the starting materials and the product. 20.6 Stereoisomerism revised can 20.6.1 Describe stereoisomers as compounds with the same structural formula but with different arrangements of atoms in space. 20.6.2 Describe and explain geometrical isomerism in non-cyclic alkenes. 20.6.3 Describe and explain geometrical isomerism in C3 and C4 cycloalkanes. IB chemistry revision checklist 18 20.6.4 Explain the difference in the physical and chemical properties of geometrical isomers. 20.6.5 Describe and explain optical isomerism in simple organic molecules. 20.6.6 Outline the use of a polarimeter in distinguishing between optical isomers. 20.6.7. Compare the physical and chemical properties of enantiomers. IB chemistry revision checklist 19 Option D: Medicines and drugs D 1 Pharmaceutical products revised can D.1.1 D.1.2 D.1.3 D.1.4 D2 Antacids revised can D.2.1 D 3 Analgesics revised can D.3.1 D.3.2 D.3.3 D.3.4 D 4 Depressants revised can D.4.1 D.4.2 D.4.3 D.4.4 D.4.5 D 5 Stimulants revised can D.5.1 D.5.2 D.5.3 D.5.4 D6 Antibacterials revised can D.6.1 D.6.2 D.6.3 IB chemistry revision checklist 20 D 7 Antivirals revised can D.7.1 D.7.2 D.7.3 (HL) D 8 Drug action revised can D.8.1 D.8.2 D.8.3 D.8.4 (HL) D 9 Drug design revised can D.9.1 D.9.2 D.9.3 D.9.4 D.9.5 (HL) D 10 Mind altering drugs revised can D.10.1 D.10.2 D.10.3 IB chemistry revision checklist 21 Option E: Environmental chemistry E 1 Air pollution revised can E.1.1 Describe the main sources of carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulphur (SOx), particulates and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. E.1.2 Evaluate current methods for the reduction of air pollution. Examples include: • CO—catalytic converters • NOx—catalytic converters, control of fuel/air ratio • SOx—alkaline scrubbing, limestone-based fluidized beds • particulates—electrostatic precipitation • VOCs—catalytic converters. E 2 Acid deposition revised can E.2.1 State what is meant by the term acid deposition and outline its origins. E.2.2 Discuss the environmental effects of acid deposition and possible methods to counteract them. E 3 Greenhouse effect revised can E.3.1 Describe the greenhouse effect. E.3.2 List the main greenhouse gases and their sources, and discuss their relative effects. E.3.3 Discuss the influence of increasing amounts of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere. E 4 Ozone depletion revised can E.4.1 Describe the formation and depletion of ozone in the stratosphere by natural processes. E.4.2 List the ozone-depleting pollutants and their sources. E.4.3 Discuss the alternatives to CFCs in terms of their properties. E 5 Dissolved oxygen in water revised can E.5.1 Outline biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) as a measure of oxygen demanding wastes in water. E.5.2 Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of organic material in water E.5.3 Describe the process of eutrophication and its effects. E.5.4 Describe the source and effects of thermal pollution in water. E 6 Water treatment 3 hours revised can E.6.1 List the primary pollutants found in waste water and identify their sources E.6.2 Outline the primary, secondary and tertiary stages of waste water treatment, and state the substance that is removed during each stage. IB chemistry revision checklist 22 E 7 Soil revised can E.7.1 Discuss salinization, nutrient depletion and soil pollution as causes of soil degradation. E.7.2 Describe the relevance of the soil organic matter (SOM) in preventing soil degradation, and outline its physical and biological functions. E.7.3 List common organic soil pollutants and their sources. E 8 Waste revised can E.8.1 Describe the structure of nucleotides and their condensation polymers (nucleic acids or polynucleotides). E.8.2 Distinguish between the structures of DNA and RNA. E.8.3 Explain the double helical structure of DNA. E.8.4 Describe the role of DNA as the repository of genetic information, and explain its role in protein synthesis. E.8.5 Outline the steps involved in DNA profiling and state its use. (HL) E 9 Ozone depletion revised can E.9.1 Explain the dependence of O2 and O3 dissociation on the wavelength of light. E.9.2 Describe the mechanism in the catalysis of O3 depletion by CFCs and NOx. E.9.3 Outline the reasons for greater ozone depletion in polar regions. (HL) E 10 Smog revised can E.10.1 State the source of primary pollutants and the conditions necessary for the formation of photochemical smog. E.10.2 Outline the formation of secondary pollutants in photochemical smog. (HL) E 11 Acid deposition revised can E.11.1 Describe the mechanism of acid deposition caused by the oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur E.11.2 Explain the role of ammonia in acid deposition. (HL) E 12 Water and soil revised can E.12.1 Solve problems relating to the removal of heavy-metal ions, phosphates and nitrates from water by chemical precipitation. E.12.2 State what is meant by the term cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and outline its importance E.12.3 Discuss the effects of soil pH on cation-exchange capacity and availability of nutrients. E.12.4 Describe the chemical functions of soil organic matter (SOM). IB chemistry revision checklist 23
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Beads of Courage for ailing children
On June 18th the Palermo Heart to Heart Foundation, a Hazleton-based 501 C3 non profit, met with a dynamic eight year old named Brooke Mulford. Brooke has been diagnosed with an aggressive cancer, stage IV high-risk neuroblastoma.
We were asked through the Beads of Courage program to help Brooke with two of her wishes.
In July, Brooke will be receiving treatment at a children's hospital in Boston which doesn't have a Beads of Courage program, so we supplied Brooke with a home box of beads to continue adding beads to her necklace for different procedures. Through the program children tell their story using colorful beads as meaningful symbols of courage that commemorate milestones achieved along their unique treatment path.
Her mom Amy also told us she has been asking for an IPad, so we made a surprise trip to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and presented Brooke with her own IPad. For the first three minutes after opening the present Brooke just jumped up and down. In the next six hours as she had different exams and checkups. All that time the IPad was in her clutches; it was heartwarming to see the smile that gift put on her face.
Starting in November 2011 our foundation became a regional sponsor for Beads of Courage; we have made a commitment to support the program in Pennsylvania. We are the sole sponsor at Geisinger Janet Weis Children's Hospital in their hematology/oncology departments. Later this year we will be supporting the program at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and at the Children's Home of Pittsburgh.
There are many children served by this program, but it is only the generosity of our supporters that makes it possible. We are forever grateful to them and look forward to helping many more children.
On July 14, we will be holding our annual golf tournament. If you or your company would like to become a partner with us please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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"Tell us a little about yourself." Gulp. I stared at the blinking cursor, writing phrases only to erase them. I could not shake the thought that my answers...
The USDA recently replaced the almighty food pyramid with a color-coded pie chart. To celebrate our nation's mixed metaphors about healthy eating, one man decides to spend a month attempting to follow every government recommendation he can find. Nowhere is pie advised.
America endlessly honors its best presidents. Enough with that. A demand for a federal holiday to glorify the five who rose so high, only to fail so shamefully.
A morning, a bicycle, a macchiato. Or five? This time, a sensible coffee shop tour. But in the end, it still may be described in only one way.
Musician Elliott Smith died seven years ago today in Los Angeles. Though he's remembered mythically in the East Village, it was in Brooklyn where Smith was happy.
An ode to drunk shopping in New York City, regretted investments, and the transformative powers of faux-snakeskin leggings.
As the weather warms and we retreat to our patios, roofdecks, and lanais, our thirst increases. Our staff and readers share their favorite outdoor drinks.
Drawn to Denmark to observe the U.N. meeting on climate change, our man in Copenhagen is somewhat waylaid, eating blazing fire and drinking liquified koala.
For agents and publishers, the Frankfurt Book Fair is publishing's biggest event: part conclave, mostly marathon, and all business. It is absolutely no place for an aspiring author, as we discover.
Moving back to your hometown offers opportunities to rekindle old friendships—and start new ones. An 80-proof love story.
Inspired by the local architecture and the beer-swilling, chain-smoking new parents, our man in Berlin discovers equal parts Chicago and New York in Germany's largest city.
The plan: 10 cafés, 10 macchiatos, one morning, by bike. Embarking on an adventure that can be described in only one way.


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From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Fritter \Frit"ter\, noun [OR. fritour, friture, pancake, F. friture frying, a thing fried, from frire to fry. See {Far}, verb (used with an object)]
1. A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the substance inclosed in the batter; as, apple fritters, clam fritters, oyster fritters.
2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece.
And cut whole giants into fritters. --Hudibras.
{Corn fritter}. See under {Corn}.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Fritter \Frit"ter\, verb (used with an object) [imp. & p. p. {Frittered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Frittering}.]
1. To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.
2. To break into small pieces or fragments.
Break all nerves, and fritter all their sense. --Pope.
{To fritter away}, to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, to fritter away time, strength, credit, etc.
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
1: small quantity of fried batter containing fruit or meat or vegetables
1: spend frivolously and unwisely; "Fritter away one's inheritance" [syn: {fritter}, {frivol away}, {dissipate}, {shoot}, {fritter away}, {fool}, {fool away}]
The dictionary definitions are retrieved from a local copy of two of the open source DICT dictionaries. Click here for the database copyright information. DEFINE.COM is registered as an educational NONPROFIT corporation. We aim to please around here. We believe in using positive reinforcement to get things done. We make suggestions that are intended to make life more enjoyable. We think about efficiency, automation, security, PRIVACY, social and ecological responsibility and positive HUMANITARIAN ethics and VALUES. We are benevolent. DO NO HARM is our motto.


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Saturday's Red Sox-Rangers matchups: Jon Lester vs. Martin Perez
|05.10.14 at 8:44 am ET
The Red Sox will head into the middle game of their three-game series against the Rangers on Saturday when they send Jon Lester to the mound against Martin Perez.
Lester comes into Saturday's contest after he set a career-high for strikeouts in his most recent outing. The southpaw earned his third win of the season after he gave up just one hit and two walks with 15 K's over eight scoreless innings on the mound against the Athletics. Oakland's only hit in the first eight innings came in the third on a soft line drive to right by Craig Gentry.
"That was the best combination of power and command that he has shown and might be one of the handful of games in his entire major league career where it has been that precise, that powerful, for a full eight innings," said manager John Farrell on Dale & Holley earlier this week. "There's been some talk of his no-hitter a couple of years ago against Kansas City and how does it rank up to that. I would say that he had overall better control and command within the strike zone his last time out than he did in the no-hitter."
The Red Sox went on to defeat the Athletics 6-3 after Chris Capuano struggled in the ninth and gave up three earned runs.
Lester last faced the Rangers on June 6, 2013, in what was ultimately a 6-3 win by the Red Sox. Lester got a no-decision after he gave up three earned runs on seven hits and three walks with four strikeouts during the six-inning outing. All three of Texas' runs came off the long ball as Jeff Baker, who now plays for the Marlins, hit a two-run home run and Adrian Beltre hit a solo shot in the third. Overall, Lester has gone 3-3 with a 4.56 ERA and a 1.387 WHIP in 12 starts against the Rangers. The lefty struggled against Texas in 2012 as he went 0-2 with an 11.42 ERA over 8 2/3 innings on the mound. He bounced back in 2013 as he gave up six runs over 12 innings but came away with a no-decision in his two appearances.
Unlike Lester, Perez comes into Saturday's game after picking up two straight loses. In his last outing, Perez gave up five earned runs on seven hits and three walks, with five strikeouts over five innings of work against the Rockies. That outing came roughly one week after he gave up eight earned runs over 4 2/3 innings to the Athletics.
The 23-year-old lefty has limited experience against the Red Sox and holds an overall 1-0 record with a 3.65 ERA and a WHIP of 1.459 in two appearances against Boston. That one win came against Boston this season as Perez gave up four earned runs on eight hits with three walks and three strikeouts over 6 1/3 innings on April 8. The Rangers went on to win that game 10-7.
Red Sox vs. Perez (LHP)
Jonny Gomes (9 plate appearances): .286 AVG/.444 OBP/.286 SLG, 2 walks, 3 strikeouts
Dustin Pedroia (6): .167/.167/.333, 1 double
Xander Bogaerts is hitless in three at-bats vs. Perez.
Will Middlebrooks (3): .667/.667/.667
Mike Napoli (3): 1.000/1.000/1.000, 1 RBI
David Ortiz has one strikeout in three at-bats vs. Perez.
A.J. Pierzynski (3); .667/.667/.667, 1 RBI
Grady Sizemore (3): .667/.667/.667
Jackie Bradley Jr., has one strikeout in two plate appearances vs. Perez.
Rangers vs. Lester (LHP)
J.P. Arencibia (46): .182/.217/.364, 2 doubles, 2 HR, 7 RBIs, 2 walks, 18 strikeouts
Alex Rios (45): .250/.333/.300, 2 doubles, 4 RBIs, 5 walks, 9 strikeouts
Elvis Andrus (27): .240/.296/.280, 1 double, 1 RBI, 1 walk, 4 strikeouts
Adrian Beltre (26): .360/.385/.520, 1 double, 1 HR, 4 RBIs, 1 walk, 2 strikeouts
Shin-Soo Choo (17): .077/.176/.077, 2 RBIs, 2 walks, 6 strikeouts
Prince Fielder (16): .267/.313/.267, 1 RBI, 1 walk, 3 strikeouts
Mitch Moreland (3): .333/.333/1.333, 1 HR, 1 RBI, 1 strikeout
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Musa 'milky way'
raregingers(z9a LA)August 8, 2013
Well after about 7 or 8 years of growing this stand of 'milky way' i've finally gotten to it produce a bloom. Not many pictures of this Musa out there so I figured I would share.
Here is a link that might be useful: Milky way bloom
I know this is an older thread, but Brad's Buds and Blooms is where I got mine. They are mail order here in Central Florida or you can visit with an appointment. They focus mainly on Plumeria and were trying to get rid of their banana trees when I got mine.
This post was edited by morningloree on Mon, Jun 16, 14 at 20:38


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While Pizza Hut fans scramble to get their "Hut Hut Hut" commercials uploaded before the Super Bowl, the chain is hinting at its next "Big" innovation. That innovation will make its debut from 4-7 p.m. Feb. 5. when Pizza Hut offers a free sample of the secret item to fans as a way to thank them.
The promotion is part of Pizza Hut's "Make It Great" campaign.
"We've had so much fun celebrating all the Huts with our fans this year that this was the best way we could say thank you for such a great season," said Kurt Kane, chief marketing officer, Pizza Hut. "Anyone can give away a pizza, but not just anyone can offer up a new product that's a true category breakthrough. We are the recognized leaders in innovation and this product is definitely going to be a crowd pleaser."
To redeem the new item, customers simply need to show up at a carryout or dine-in location from 4-7 p.m. on Feb. 5. No registration or membership is required.
Pizza Hut will unveil the new innovation during the official CBS pre-game show on Feb. 3.
"This giveaway will be one of the largest in Pizza Hut history," Kane added. "It's our 'thank you' to our customers who always make the right Hut call on game day and every day because anything less than great just doesn't cut it."
Also, for the first time ever, Pizza Hut is offering its value box duo for the Super Bowl. This includes the Big Dinner Box (two medium rectangular one-topping pizzas, five breadsticks and the choice of wings, Stuffed Pizza Rollers or Tuscani Pasta all in one box for $19.99) and $10 Dinner Box (medium one-topping rectangular pan pizza, five breadsticks with marinara sauce and 10 cinnamon sticks with a sweet icing cup in one box for $10). To complement this deal Pizza Hut has extended its $10 Any deal.
Pizza Hut marked its 10 millionth Facebook fan over the weekend.
Read more about marketing and promotions.
Topics: Food & Beverage , Marketing / Branding / Promotion , Online / Mobile / Social , Pizza Hut
Let's Pizza vending machine ready for U.S. debut
Domino's debuts American Legends specialty pizzas
Domino's adds Fiery Hawaiian pizza to American Legends line
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Three Ways a POS System Can Maximize Restaurant Profits
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Squadle and Triton Partnership Provides Easy Access to Essential Data for Restaurants
Virtual Currency: The Next Disruptor in Payments
Why Traditional Hiring Platforms Do Not Work for Restaurants
Mobilize: The Guide to Running a Successful Mobile RFP Process
© 2015 Networld Media Group All rights reserved.


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We have the best food around and an atmosphere to match. Try us and you'll be convinced! Our recipes are authentic and time-tested. The ingredients are always fresh. The result? A menu that bursts with flavor.
Our menu is packed with classic dishes we create from scratch. Daily specials incorporate seasonal, local ingredients. From delicious appetizers to tasty salads, inspired entrees to decadent desserts, your meal will be one of a kind.
Jacques' Tacos has been "hitting the streets since 2010" and we have have been enjoying every minute of it. We couldn't have done it without all the great people of the Metro Detroit Area.
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It's been our pleasure to serve our many customers through the years
Put us to the test today!
Stop in the next time you're in the neighborhood and enjoy a favorite dish. Or, discover a new one.
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Pinstripe Dress Pant
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Rated 5 out of 5 by Fabi Great Pans Overall These pants are great, the look of them is superb. Be sure to zoom into the pants in the picture itself to look at the design and texture more closely as well. Pants went on sale a day after I bought, unfortunately. September 22, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by renny shipping issues, it looks different on the web site -order took too long to be shipped out -looks better on the web site September 9, 2014
1-2 of 2


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MISSISSIPPI LEADERS — Firm foundation as Smith-Howard leads MNF
Published: September 6,2013
Tags: Business, leaders, Martin Willoughby, Mississippi
S ometimes when you first meet someone you can tell they are a natural born leader. They have a passion and enthusiasm for life that is contagious. John Quincy Adams said, "If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader." Real leaders understand that leadership is about lifting others up and helping them to be their best. I can usually spot a leader because they are thirsty for knowledge and seek continual growth. They listen more than they talk as they seek to learn from others. These leaders have a vision of a better future and lead others to stretch themselves to achieve more.
I recently met Rosalyn Smith-Howard, executive director of the Mississippi Nurses Foundation, and I knew that I had met someone who was a natural leader. Rosalyn grew up in a small town in the Delta called Gunnison and went to school in Rosedale. She went on to earn her undergraduate and master's degrees from Alcorn State University. Rosalyn started her career working as a counselor at Oakley Training School before joining the Mississippi Hospital Association as a recruiter. Over time, her role at the MHA evolved into becoming a healthcare workforce specialist in the Office of Nursing Workforce. In this job, Rosalyn collaborated with other organizations including schools of nursing, health care employers, health professionals, health-related associations, economic development professionals and local workforce investment areas (LWIAs) to promote improvement in healthcare workforce issues.
Rosalyn's work with the MHA allowed her to interact with the Mississippi Nurses Foundation and when the executive director position opened up in 2008, she applied and was hired to run the organization. This nonprofit organization was created by the Mississippi Nurses Association board of directors in 1982, and its purposes are to administer scholarships, provide continuing education, promote health and to promote the professional image of nursing. The Mississippi Nurses Foundation also awards over $100,000 in scholarships and stipends each year to support nurses and nursing students with their education.
Rosalyn noted, "My time with the MHA really developed my leadership abilities. I was afforded opportunities to observe different styles of leadership and given assignments that allowed me to be creative and think outside the box." This is noteworthy because it is important to give leaders a chance to grow and make mistakes. I often see organizations that micro-manage people and then there is never any real growth of leadership. Running a non-profit certainly has its challenges. Rosalyn credits Dr. Rebecca Askew- Rives, the board president, with teaching her how to lead a non-profit. Rosalyn noted, "Dr. Askew –Rives was a great mentor and taught me some hard lessons. She was knowledgeable and patient because she wanted me to succeed."
Rosalyn's leadership style is to lead by example and to be non-judgmental of others. She shared, "I aim to give all people the 'benefit of the doubt' and an opportunity to prove themselves." She encourages her team to stay focused, prioritize their goals, and remain faithful. Her "can do" attitude comes through, and she emphasizes to young leaders that failure is not an option. She knows that it takes perseverance to succeed in life. In an age of "instant" everything, it is important to remember that real leadership takes time and experience to develop. There is a wisdom that you just can't get out of a book. Instead, it takes time and constructive feedback to really develop as a leader.
Nursing is a critical part of the healthcare industry, and Rosalyn and her team do a great job of being ambassadors for the thousands of nurses that serve diligently day in and day out all over our state. I believe we will see even greater impact from Rosalyn's leadership in the years to come.
» Martin Willoughby is a business consultant and regular contributing columnist for the Mississippi Business Journal. He serves as Chief Operating Officer of Butler Snow Advisory Services, LLC and can be reached at martin.willoughby@ butlersnow.com.
To sign up for Mississippi Business Daily Updates, click here.
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£100.00 per 10ml
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Follow @BIRMO
Receive my regular e-newsletter and keep up with issues that matter to South Australia.
16 March, 2015
Latest News
The Government is providing $5.2 billion for students with disability over the period 2014 – 2017, including over $1.2 billion for students with disability in 2015 alone. Read more >
Subject: (Higher Education Reforms)
STUART BOCKING: Senator Simon Birmingham is a member of the Senate himself, he's the Assistant Minister for Education and Training and he's on the line, Senator Birmingham good morning.
SIMON BRIMINGHAM: Good... Read more >
Subject: (Higher Education Reforms)
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: Christopher Pyne has built a consensus of support amongst Australia's higher education institutions for higher education reform, for our universities reform package. That is because whether it is the TAFE ... Read more >
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MATTHEW ABRAHAM: The Federal Government says it wants to break the business model of fly-by-night trainers who set up these training colleges to cash in on what is described as 'open ended taxpayer support', but they&rsqu... Read more >


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ISTC Director Kevin O'Brien will deliver the Illinois State Geological Survey Seminar at 11 a.m. Monday, Feb. 23 on "Using Sustainability to Drive Economic Growth." The seminar will be held in Rm. 101, Natural Resources Building at the U of … Continue reading
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The Illinois Green Office Challenge is picking up steam in it's goal to green-up Central Illinois businesses. CBS affiliate WYZZ Channel 31 last night reported on The Ecology Action Center's partnership with the U of I's Illinois Sustainable Technology … Continue reading
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Now that the U.S. and Illinois Environmental Protection Agencies have rejected proposals for permanent PCB storage at the Clinton Landfill, the problem has not gone away. Just what is to be done with the once common industrial chemical turned persistent … Continue reading
Wise Words in the Fight Against Sustainababble
ISTC's John Mulrow tries to peel back the obfuscation of the term "sustainable" in a GreenBiz.com's P2 Pathways column. http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2014/04/15/illinois-three-secret-words-mute-sustainababble
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Registration is open for the The Great Lakes Green Chemistry Conference: Innovating for Success in Cleveland on April 1–2, 2014. The purpose of this conference is to show how innovations in green chemistry practices drive advances in business, academia, … Continue reading
ISTC Invited to Join Pollution Prevention Training by U.S. EPA
Two ISTC professionals were invited to participate in a pilot training program in Chicago organized by the U.S. EPA's Region 5. Laura Barnes, Great Lakes Regional Pollution Prevention Roundtable (GLRPPR) Executive Director and Resource Librarian presented, "Using GLRPPR to … Continue reading
First Training Accreditation to Improve Home Weatherization in Illinois
Training programs for Energy Auditors and Quality Control Inspectors at the University of Illinois' Indoor Climate Research & Training (ICRT) program have been awarded accreditation by the Interstate Renewable Energy Council, Inc.(IREC). The ICRT energy conservation training programs are … Continue reading
Congrats to Technology Assistance Program at U of I
The Technology Assistance Program which helps local governments and companies prevent pollution and conserve resources received a national MVP2 Award in Washington DC earlier this month. The ICORE program received its Most Valuable Pollution Prevention Award for saving Illinois more than $6 … Continue reading


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First Name: Abby
Last Name: Not Marceluk anymoreI just got married!
Occupation: Electronic publishing
Avocation: Reading, writing, designing model languages, Perl :-)
How I got here: Ex-English major turned film major turned electronic publishing editor. I'm afraid I use Perl for very boring things: file management and text manipulation via great big regexes. (I love regexes. I'm weird that way.) I have fond hopes of doing less-boring things, like creating a Perl tarot program, and transforming all my favorite Shakespeare scenes into Perl poetry.
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Convertibles get a bad rap from some diehard sports-car purists who dismiss them as semi-serious boulevard cruisers a notch down from where they should be with the rigidity of a hardtop. When the man from BMW said the M6 to be delivered for this evaluation would be a convertible, my sense of anticipation encountered a mild downdraft.
Time Off » Hot Wheels: Low-level Flying
June 1, 2007
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Students of scoops, badges and other muscularity enhancement on cars will recognize the Mercedes S65 AMG as the most powerful production sedan on the planet.* For the majority of those who give it a passing glance, however, it will probably register as nothing more than a big, solid imported sedan. And that is all well and good.
February 1, 2007
You can buy the flagship Lexus LS460-a fine blend of engineering, craftsmanship and performance-for about $80,000. How can a Rolls-Royce Phantom possibly be good enough to justify costing more than four times as much? That's one question I pondered as a Rolls representative handed me the key to a $353,000 Phantom.
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""When I made the film The Invention of Lying, they gave me a private jet for getting back and forth between New York and London. I thought, 'I will never use it' but I ended up using it every weekend. You turn up, right, and the airport is completely empty. I mean, there's just someone at the desk and then the pilot, who says, 'Are you ready to go?' and you say, 'Don't you want to see my passport?' and he goes, 'Oh yeah, I suppose I'd better.'" "
-—actor and comedian Ricky Gervais
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Catholic Recipe: Relish Molds
For each guest, an individual vegetable-gelatin mold for the Pennsylvania Dutch Cookout.
Soften gelatine in cold water. Combine next 5 ingredients in saucepan. Stir over low heat until thickened (do not boil). Add gelatine; stir to dissolve. Chill until slightly thickened. Fold in cucumber and green pepper. Spoon into individual molds. Chill until set. Makes 4 to 6 molds, depending on size.Recipe Source: Cook's Blessings, The by Demetria Taylor, Random House, New York, 1965
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Our special coverage of the closest race for years
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DENVER, CO - AUGUST 26: Place kicker David Akers #2 of the San Francisco 49ers makes a 32-yard field goal on a hold by punter Andy Lee #4 during the fourth quarter of a pre-season game against the Denver Broncos at Sports Authority Field Field at Mile High on August 26, 2012 in Denver, Colorado. The 49ers defeated the Broncos, 29-24. (Photo by Justin Edmonds/Getty Images)


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Feeling Good And Feeling Blessed!!!!!!!!!!!
Feeling Good And Feeling Blessed!!!!!!!!!!!
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God, give me strength.
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I pray that the Lord will bring your strengh to life and fill your life with power to do God's work. Continue your Faith in him and God's will shall create the Path so you may Prevail once more!!! Amen....
God gives me STRENGTH to weather all of LIFE'S storms. Amen!
Prayer for Strength "Amen!
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God Give Me The Strenfth To Weather The Storms In Life. Amen #Prayer #Jesus www.Gods411.org
.For all that you've done, I will thank You, For all that your going to do, For all that you've promised And all that you are, is all that has Carried Me Through. I Thank You Jesus!
.For all that you've done, I will thank You, For all that your going to do, For all that you've promised And all that you are, is all that has Carried Me Through. I Thank You Jesus!
Inspirational Cancer Quotes: "I look at my journey as a gift: It made me slow down and realize the important things in life and taught me to not sweat the small stuff." -- Olivia Newton-John
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I look at my cancer journey as a gift: It made me slow down and realize the important things in life and taught me to not sweat the small stuff. -Olivia Newton-John
7 Inspiring Quotes From Celebrities Who Have Battled Breast Cancer | The Stir
"I look at my journey as a gift: It made me slow down and realize the important things in life and taught me to not sweat the small stuff." -- Olivia Newton John
Inspiration, Quotes, Faith, Jesus, Lamentations 323, Bible Verses, God Mercy, Swedish House Mafia, Lamentations 3 23
Bible verse ~ Lamentations 3:23
more: http://pinterest.com/knowingjesus/One of my favorite things to do#motivation #money #finance #fashion #makeup #kids, $$$$##women #shoes $$purses #clothes #designers $# design # girls #boys #motivation #inspiration #health $$$ Fitness #crafts #beauty $hair #style #recipes # furniture #baby # black #american #white #Hispanic #Japan ####God#$$$Overseas #men $$$spiritual #organization $$$color % makeup $$$ classy
<3 "…His compassions never fail. They are new every morning; Great is Your faithfulness" (Lamentations 3:22-23, NAS). Is there something that you've done in your past that you're not particularly happy about? A choice that you regret? The good news today is that you can be free of guilt and condemnation. You don't have to live with that burden any longer. Today's verse tells us that God's mercies are new every morning. He's not ever going to run out of compassion. He's not ev
Thank you Jesus!
23 Funny and Inspirational Quotes (23 Pics) | Daily Dawdle
To true. ..
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If God woke you up
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I'm thankful for my struggle because without it, I wouldn't have stumbled across my strength. So true
life Motivation! I'm thankful for my struggle because without it I wouldn't have stumbled across my strength. Amen. #Motivational #Struggle #Amen #Quotes #Words #Inspiration
I lovely thought to hold on to when you are in the middle of a struggle. The outcome will always be more strength.
I'm thankful for my struggle because without it I wouldn't have stumbled across my strength | truth | fitness inspiration
Be you!
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"...build and play and dance and live only as you can." #Inspiration #Quotes
"The one thing that you have that nobody else has is you. Your voice, your mind, your story, your vision. So write and draw and build and play and dance and live only as you can." ...yes, you are an original, NOT a copy!! #quote #inspirational
to remember! //#quote #inspirational
So true and inspiring! Live only as YOU can!
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God,please help me through
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Words of wisdom
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Whenever you do not understand what's happening in your life, just close your eyes, take a deep breath and say: "God I know it is your plan. Just help me through it."
It's so hard to leave your own agenda and trust the plan He's had for you before you were even born. But, God plans for me much better than I could ever plan for myself.
I have to remember this daily!!!
God,please help me through this.. God I know I worry and stress and over react on the smallest things. I make small problems LARGER in my head then what they are. So I pray Lord help relieve my stress calm my mind and strengthen my faith in you help me to Trust you and to believe everything will be okay.. Amen!!
I always thought God was in the business of restoring marriages and making all things new. Deuteronomy 30:3. "God, your God, will restore everything you lost; he'll have compassion on you; he'll come back and pick up the pieces from all the places where you were scattered."
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Thank You Lord!!
In loving memory of every cancer patient family member and friend who lost the battle with cancer and the ones who continue to conquer it
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My heart hurts for those that I have lost to cancer, but they are partying it up in Heaven!
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In loving memory of my Sister-in-Law, Jackie who lost the Breast Cancer battle on 7/20/14 but has won the war as she is with her Lord and Savior. Share if you have loved someone who lost the battle to cancer. Help educate others about Cancer Prevention so others do not have to lose their loved ones
RIP - Grammy (Colon Cancer), Poppop (Lung Cancer). And keep fightong Grandmom (Breast Cancer)
Cancer awareness. In memory of My Mom and Best Friend. <3
My mom is faithful so she says this! At my darkest moments
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For everyone who is at rock bottom and have lost all hope keep praying and reading God's word. God will bless you and make changes in your life that will bring you out of the storm. Just be patient and hold on.
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I would love to get this on my arm as a reminder if how far I've come in life and I will always be loved....
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I loved you at your darkest. wow....that is really deep. Thank You Jesus for saving me, never giving up on me. I love You. Amen. Romans 5:8 Tattoo idea
Thank You Lord Romans 5 8
Great tattoo idea, lovely quote
Font with bible verse
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He did, when I was broken hearted & didn't want to even be here & run away, he was there for me & fell in love with me at my worst. That's true love & a real man & he still wants to be there for me, even if I'm not in the same place as him & I don't know what I feel. Proves the bastard ex wrong anyway, he'd marry me tomorrow so it's not just cos I thought the ex was my last chance! Don't flatter yourself!
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Live like this. God is worthy of it all.
thoughts about....you know....the real thing ( why do I feel like I'm typing this title for someone els???.....weird! Ok love ya! : )
Praise God in all things!
Inspiring Words to live by.
Amen to this, this would be a perfect living room piece!
SparkBark » Blog Archive » Fall is Here!
Thank you God!
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True Love... I Thank You Lord!!
True Love. God is always by your side even when you may feel most alone.
great quote .. maybe even a tattoo idea!
i loved you at your darkest romans 5: 8
Philippians 4:13
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Free Download Inspirational Bible Verses Philippians 4 13 Christ ...
ALL things with Christ!. #christ #god
I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me - Philippians 4:13...me and Scotty McCreery's favorite quote(:
You just have to have faith and believe. Thank you Lord, and amen.
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Philippians 4:13 DON'T SHARE Calligraphy Art by Julie Wildman http://wildmandesigns.blogspot.com/2012/01/winter-calligraphy-classes-in.html?m=1
i <3 Jesus
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This is my all time favorite quote <3
Keep reminding me, God
From the Studio of Julie Wildman
"And we know that God causes everything to work together for the good of those who love God and are called according to His purpose for them" (Romans 8:28, NLT). Every person goes through disappointments and things that don't seem to make sense. It's easy to get discouraged and think, "Why did this happen to me?" "Why did my loved one not make it?" "Why did this person treat me wrong?" "Why did I get laid off?" We have to understand that even though life is not always fair, God is fair.
Remember This, Inspiration, Quotes, God Is, Hard Time, Heavens Fathers, Favorite, Wise Words, Pass
Every person goes through disappointments and things that don't seem to make sense. It's easy to get discouraged. We have to understand that even though life is not always fair, God is fair.
This has always been one of my mom's favorite sayings during hard times. "And we know that God causes everything to work together for the good of those who love God and are called according to His purpose for them" (Romans 8:28, NLT)
Wise words
quotes / this too shall pass
Whenever going through something always remember This Too Shall Pass.
Remember This, Daily Reminder, God, Inspiration, Afraid, Quotes, Faith, Fearless, Living
the phrase "do not be afraid" is written in the Bible 365 times. that's a daily reminder from God to live every day being fearless.
Do not be afraid! Live fearlessly! #christian #inspiration #fearless #bible
religious teacher quotes | that's a daily reminder from God to live every day being fearless!
Remember This!!! The Phrase "do not be afraid"is written in the Bible 365 times. That's a daily reminder from God to live every day being fearless
Do not be afraid - being fearless is knowing God's in Charge of ALL things --- so simply believe, which then becomes faith, which then grows into knowing ... so believe, have faith in knowing Jesus ^.^
The most comforting truth...
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The most comfort when I feel lonely
God is always with us.
"I will never leave thee nor forsake thee." God
I'm thankful for God's presence.
The most comforting truth.
Thank you Lord for always being there for me…
A Lot To Be Thankful For Find crochet patterns on Etsy www.etsy.com/...
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Life is tough atm, but it could be so much worse. I need to remember this often
#God #Jesus #Christ #Lord #King #life #love #Holy #Holyspirit #Bible #truth #true #Kingdom #Gospel #Christian #real #Yahweh #Church #Christianity #Elohim
OMGosh, so much. I'm so grateful and thankful for my life, my health, the health of my family, Gods MANY blessings to us. I owe it all to Him!!!! Thank you Jesus!
Amen .. Family, health, opportunity, community .. Inexplicably blessed and thankful for it all.
Happy Thanksgiving 2012
I have a lot to be thankful for.
Remember This, Inspiration, Quotes, Today, Living, Families Time, Gratitude, Grateful Heart, The Holiday
Today I Am Thankful. #Quote #Gratitude #Thankful
Today (every day!!) I am extremely thankful for my family and friends. Looking forward to family time during the holidays...
Today is a gift, I try to remember this about every moment.
Today (every day!!) I am extremely thankful for my family and friends. Looking forward to family time on turkey day!! #quotes - ☮k☮
Today (and every day!) I am extremely thankful for my family and friends. Looking forward to planning lots of autumn get-togethers this year inspired by the wonderful decor from @High Camp Home (HCH)!
Today I am thankful for everything that I have experienced. I look back on my past with a smile - it has made me thankful I've lived well, for what I have become, where I am now and who I am.
Give thanks with a grateful heart...
Bc I have a lot to be thankful for and tomorrow isn't promised to anyone
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Inspirational Picture Quotes...: Be grateful.
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I will be grateful for this day; God, for life itself, air to breathe, my health, my family, food...
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Daily reminder
I have a lot to be thankful for!


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The following reports received the most reads from external clients, as per anonymous readership data, for the period from 20 to 26 March 2015. They are listed in descending order of most reads:
The Long View – Q2 – The new, new normal
Global Focu...
We expect mixed industrial production data for Japan, South Korea and Vietnam
• CPI inflation in South Korea, Indonesia and Thailand likely remained low amid low global inflation
• Manufacturing PMI likely improved slightly in China, stayed in con...
Japanese investors are bullish on Japan
• Local optimism is being expressed through equities, not FX
• Institutional and retail positions in USD-JPY have been significantly reduced
• Japanese investors and corporates continue to move capital ove...
Top 3 data/events
• Japan – Industrial production likely dropped m/m in February
• South Korea – We expect sentiment to deteriorate in April
• US – Q4 to be revised up slightly; personal spending up too
• Market focus
• Japanese investors are ...
Top 3 data/events
• Taiwan – Monitoring indicators index to remain in the 'green' zone
• Japan – We expect slower inflation, rebounding retail sales in February
• Brazil – The end of an era in FX intervention
• Market focus
• Except for payrol...
September remains the most likely timing for the first Fed hike, in our view; the March FOMC meeting and subsequent Fed comments lend credence to our call
• Fed's tightening cycle is likely to be moderate compared with previous cycles; we think the...
We visited coal mines in South Kalimantan last week
Mining activity appeared to be busier at higher-quality coal mines than at lower-quality ones
Indonesian coal producers seem to be shifting to a new pricing basis for term and spot contracts
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• Hong Kong – February export data likely distorted by Lunar New Year
• Singapore – We expect IP to have contracted in January-February
• Euro area – Pick-up in credit cycle likely continued in February
• Market focus
• We ...
China announces CNY 1.0tn debt-for-bond swap plan for local governments
This should reduce refinancing risk and lower local governments' interest burden
We see the proposed plan as positive for China's sovereign credit profile
The move is likely ...
Fuel oil prices should remain weak in the near to medium term
• Increases in refinery capacity and declining growth are no match for decreasing fuel oil yield
• Stricter ECA specifications within Europe should encourage increased HSFO flows to As...
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Top 3 data/events
• Japan – Industrial production likely dropped m/m in February
• South Korea – We expect sentiment to deteriorate in April
• US – Q4 to be revised up slightly; personal spending up too
• Market focus
• Japanese investors are bullish on Japan
• Local optimism is being...
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text: Thats sounds SMACK on. None of my other lenses affected and stored the same. Appeared out of nowhere, within a couple of months and it is severe enough to render the lens unusable. I knew I had read about this with the 80XL but had no idea others were affected. Fantastic guys, thanks so much.


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Local Hangouts
Best Places For Adult Music Classes In Chicago
It's never too late to learn a new instrument. Check out these five places for adult music classes in Chicago.
Best Bars To Get Local Beer In Chicago
Whether you're checking out Chicago on a trip or just enjoy savoring your local beverages, here are five of the best places in the city to get local beers.
Best Piano Bars In Chicago
From the heart of Chicago to the suburbs, there are plenty of places to enjoy a drink while listening to a song or two at a piano bar. You just need to know where to go.
Best Places For Sangria In Chicago
If you're a sangria fan, check out these favorites, good for making you feel like it's summer regardless of what the crazy Chicago weather is doing at any point in the year.
Best Bars To Watch Thursday Night Football in Chicago
Cheer on your favorite football teams for Thursday night football at these five bars around Chicago.
Best 2014 Halloween Parties For Adults In Chicago
Halloween isn't just for children, especially when there are so many options in and around Chicago. Throw on your best costume and show that candy isn't the only draw for this ultra fun holiday.
Ask A Chicago Expert: Fall Beers To Try
This weekend, wow your guests by offering a selection of beer that's perfect for fall. Christopher Quinn, co-owner of The Beer Temple in Chicago, gives his tips for beer to try.
Best Places To Celebrate Oktoberfest In The Chicago Area
From the city to the suburbs, the Chicago area has plenty of places for you and your friends to celebrate Oktoberfest. Keep the following five celebrations in mind when planning what to do this season.
Best Bars To Watch College Football In Chicago
Watching college football can be a great way to reconnect to your old alma mater or just check out up-and-coming talent. Chicago has some great options in sports bars to watch college football, with specials to fit any budget.
Best Fall Cocktails In Chicago
Take advantage of some of the specialty fall cocktails offered by some venues around Chicago and make the most of the changing season.
Best Sports Bars In Chicago
High five the winning point as well as these fantastic Chicago sports bars.
Best Bars To Watch The U.S. Open In Chicago
Check out these Chicago sports bars to root for your favorite tennis stars during the U.S. Open.
Best All-You-Can Drink Specials In Chicago
Thirsty? Grab some drinks with these all-you-can-drink specials at five bars/restaurants around Chicago.
Best EDM Bars Or Clubs In Chicago
Get to these Chicago EDM clubs and bars for a seamless sound cloud of sensory overload.
Ask A Chicago Expert: Best Summertime Vodka Cocktails
Whether you want your summertime vodka cocktails shaken or stirred, Brian Raney of Weber Grill Restaurant shares his tips on how to keep your drink cold and refreshing this summer.
Best Bars For Singles In Chicago
Chicago offers spaces for single mingling disguised as laid-back taverns and hotel bars as well as the venerable dance club and dive bar.
Best Frozen Cocktails In Chicago
The delicious frozen cocktail can be found in many flavors and forms. Chicago offers some of the best establishments that serve frozen cocktails.
Best Bars With Ladies' Nights In Chicago
Grab the girls and head to one of these Chicago spots that offer deals for customers of the female persuasion.
Best Fourth Of July Parties In Chicago
Backyard, deck and patio grills will be smokin' along will these Chicago spots for pre- and post-fireworks celebrations around the city on Independence Day, 2014.
Ask A Chicago Expert: Fourth Of July Cocktail Recipes
Make your Fourth of July celebrations stand out with these unique cocktails designed by local mixologists and bartenders.


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"Good Story, Painful Narration"
I'm an Amelia Peabody junky but I must say that listening to this one read by Susan O'Malley is just plain painful. It's like listenting to a really bad cover of your favorite song - you just want to scream "Stop! You're doing it all wrong!" I think from now on I'll skip any books that aren't available with Barbara Rosenblat as the narrator and read the book the old-fashioned way, just so I don't have to endure listening to another of Susan O'Malley's readings. I'm sure she's well suited to other stories, but to hear Ameila Peabody without a well-bred British accent is just wrong. I'm not sure how the producer could even imaging doing the story without the accents - it just doesn't make any sense. I won't make this mistake again and I hope you don't either! Barbara Rosenblat IS Amelia Peabody!
"Very dull"
I generally enjoy Flynn's work and have read/listend to the entire series. This book however, was dull, boring and predictable. I'm very sorry I wasted a credit on it.
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Travis Ford Said To Be Headed To OSU
Updated: 04/16/2008 - It is being reported that current UMass head coach Travis Ford has been offered the Oklahoma State job.
Updated: 04/16/2008 - It is being reported that current UMass head coach Travis Ford has been offered the Oklahoma State job.
Updated: 04/16/2008 - We're learning more about the accident that left a 14-year-old girl facing numerous surgeries after her feet were cut off on a ride at a Louisville theme park.
Updated: 04/16/2008 - Students across the country, including some at Kentucky colleges, are remembering the 32 lives lost during a mass shooting, one year ago.
Posted: 04/16/2008 - Eastern Kentucky University staff and students will talk over tuition increases on Wednesday.
Posted: 04/16/2008 - Officials say the Louisville International Airport will lose five flights in May due to a national airline cutback caused by the rising cost of fuel.
Posted: 04/16/2008 - You'll soon get a better idea of how clean a restaurant is in Lexington, even before you even walk in the door!
Posted: 04/16/2008 - 30-year-old Anthony Daniel Knaggs escaped Tuesday night from the Webster County Detention Center.
Updated: 04/16/2008 - Police say they have a surveillance picture of a woman who may have seen a woman place her newborn baby in a trash bin behind a Shelby County gas station.
Updated: 04/16/2008 - Police say they received a complaint on Tuesday afternoon about the animals on a farm on Robinson Cemetery Road in Rockcastle County.
Updated: 04/16/2008 - The justices rejected a constitutional challenge to the procedures in place in Kentucky, which uses three drugs to sedate, paralyze and kill inmates.
Updated: 04/16/2008 - A crash on Interstate 75 in Lexington sends one man to the hospital.
Posted: 04/16/2008 - A head-on collision in Jessamine County tonight closes down a road for hours and sends two people to the hospital.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - Kentucky lawmakers must finish by midnight on Tuesday. And it's looking doubtful for Governor's Beshear priorties to find passage.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - A Lexington family is homeless after flames ripped through their house on Tuesday afternoon.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - Delta and Northwest plan to merge to form the world's largest airline, but there's concern about the impact of that merger on the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - A fight in a high school cafeteria is caught on tape and then makes its way to You Tube.
Posted: 04/15/2008 - Time is running out for lawmakers in Frankfort.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - A Lexington woman has pleaded not guilty to murder after police say she left a newborn in a trash can near Shelbyville.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - Big Ass Fans is bringing dozens of new jobs to Lexington. The company broke ground for a new facility, which will be located on Jaggie Fox Way.
Posted: 04/15/2008 - Two precincts in the Richmond city limits are deciding whether to allow alcohol sales.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - There are just a few hours left now to try and get your tax returns filed. The deadline to file is midnight on Tuesday.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - A Tennessee woman is dead after getting hit by a car on the interstate in Whitley County.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - The fire broke out at around 3:30 Tuesday morning at a home on KY highway 191 in Morgan County.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - A Kentucky woman now faces murder charges after police say she shot her husband of 22 years in the face.
Updated: 04/15/2008 - Monday night, a man says he was walking to his home when two teens with a gun attacked him.


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Saddlewood Elementary Promises That "We Won't Bully You" [AUDIO]
This class thought I was crazy. I asked Mrs. Nugent's class at Saddlewood Elementary in Colonie if if they thought they could create and record an anti-bullying song in an hour or less. I got varied responses at first. But like every class I've ever worked with, they succeeded, and it was AWESOME