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Newtown High School
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A method is disclosed for removing a polysilicon layer from a semiconductor wafer, in which a downstream plasma source is used first to planarize the wafer, removing contours in the polysilicon layer caused by deposition over lithographic features, such as via holes. The planarizing process is followed by exposure to a plasma made by a direct, radio frequency plasma source, which may be in combination with the downstream plasma source, to perform the bulk etching of the polysilicon. The invention can produce planar surface topography after the top layer of the film is removed, in which the residual recess height of the polysilicon plug filling a via hole is less than about about 10 nm.
1. A method for etching a material on a substrate, the method comprising:
first exposing the material to a downstream plasma to planarize the material; and
then exposing the material to a downstream plasma, which may be the same as or different from the downstream plasma of said first exposing, and a direct plasma, said then exposing comprising anisotropically etching the material.
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29. A method for etching a material on a substrate, the method comprising:
first exposing the material to a downstream plasma to planarize the material; and
then exposing the material to a downstream plasma, which may be the same as or different from the downstream plasma of said first exposing, and a direct plasma, said then exposing comprising anisotropically etching the material;
wherein the downstream plasma of said first exposing is formed from a downstream plasma source supplied with up to about 3000 W per substrate.
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32. A method for etching a material on a substrate, the method comprising:
first exposing the material to a downstream plasma to planarize the material; and
then exposing the material to a downstream plasma which may be the same as or different from the downstream plasma of said first exposing, and a direct plasma, said then exposing comprising anisotropically etching the material;
wherein the direct plasma is formed from a direct plasma source supplied with about 450 W per substrate.
The present invention relates to a process for making integrated circuit structures. More particularly, this invention relates to processes for removing deposited layers from an integrated circuit structure.
During various integrated circuit (IC) fabrication steps, numerous layers are deposited onto lower layers which may have previously defined lithographic features such as trenches and holes formed therein. These deposited films often show a conforming surface to the topography of the underlying trenches and holes, as the deposited layers fill in these features. Therefore, a non-uniform surface with various dimple areas and depths will form as a result of the trench and hole features. A non-uniform film surface can interfere with subsequent IC fabrication steps such as photolithography, film depositions and film removals, and can cause yield loss from non-functional devices. Planarization of non-uniform surfaces is therefore a critical step in IC manufacturing.
For example, it is often desired to form an electrical connection to a conductive layer lying underneath an insulating dielectric layer. These connections are made by lithographically patterning a set of holes, or vias, through the dielectric layer to the conducting layer, and depositing a conductive material, for example polysilicon, in the holes. The excess conductive material can then be removed from the surface of the dielectric layer by an etch back process, leaving the conductive material only in the vias, and not on the surrounding surface.
It is an ongoing challenge for etch back processes to remove the conductive material thoroughly, while leaving a smooth, planar surface, with little or no surface topography in the vicinity of the vias. A figure of merit for an etch back process is the reduction of the recess height, which is the height differential between the planar surface and the top of the polysilicon plug filling the vias. In general, a recess height of less than 30 nm is specified for IC processes.
Achieving a planar surface after deposition is therefore a primary goal of etch back processes, processes used to remove a portion of a previously deposited material. Traditionally, a substantially planar surface is achieved by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) tools or a high density plasma etcher. CMP is an abrasive process, in which material is removed by applying a rotating pad under pressure against the substrate, in the presence of an abrasive compound or slurry. The slurry is chosen to selectively remove one film over another. While CMP enjoys widespread use in the IC industry, it is expensive, and requires frequent operator maintenance to replace the pads or handle the slurry. The process is also slow, requiring long process times, which increases the cost of ownership of the tool. Lastly, most CMP slurry removes the polysilicon material preferentially to the oxide, and therefore leaves recesses at the sites of the polysilicon plugs. CMP typically produces wafers that have a recess height in excess of about 30 nm.
Alternatively, an ion etcher can be used to remove a top layer of polysilicon. However the ion etchers also tend to leave topography over the dimple areas, as the charged species are attracted to the corners of the topography because of the high fields existing there. Therefore, typical plasma etchers tend to accentuate already existing contours, and are not very effective at planarizing contoured areas remaining near lithographically patterned features.
The development of a high throughput advanced thin film removal or etch back process is desirable. A method for the rapid removal of the bulk polysilicon film, which leaves a flat surface topography and very little recess height, is also desirable.
The present invention is directed to a process approach whereby a film is planarized using a downstream plasma source, before bulk film removal using a dual, RF and downstream plasma source. The process approach is demonstrated on the etch back of a polysilicon film. The plasma gas comprises O2 and CF4 from a downstream plasma source, which serves to planarize the surface of the polysilicon, by etching the film over the flat areas at a faster rate than the film over the contoured areas. Next, the bulk removal of the film is accomplished by exposing the substrate to a direct, radio frequency (RF) plasma in combination with a downstream plasma. The process is capable of removing about 1.2 μm/minute of material.
The invention makes use of a downstream plasma source, which produces a high density of radicals (for example, greater than about 5e13 cm−3) which interact chemically with the substrate surface. The distinguishing feature of a downstream plasma source is that the plasma gases are made to cross a neutralizing barrier, which neutralizes most of the ionized species in the gas through recombination at the neutralizing barrier. Therefore, the plasma generated from a downstream plasma source is rich in radicals that can react chemically with a substrate surface, while the density of ionized species is relatively low, for example, less than about 5e12 cm−3.
The speed of the chemical reaction depends on the geometry of the features on the substrate, with the result that the speed of the reaction is faster on flat surfaces than on contoured surfaces. Therefore, as the substrate is exposed to the plasma, it tends to become planarized by interaction with the downstream plasma, as the flat areas are etched down until the contours are erased from the surface. After the substrate surface has been planarized, the substrate is exposed to a direct, RF plasma in combination with a downstream plasma, which performs most of the bulk film removal.
This invention achieves lower recess height than typical plasma etchers, because it uses a downstream source which generates little or no ionic population. Furthermore, since it is a dry plasma process, there is relatively little maintenance required, compared to, for example, CMP. The invention can also be applied to films other than polysilicon, for example, tungsten, copper, or silicon oxide.
The novel process is one in which the surface of the substrate is first exposed to a downstream plasma, which serves to reduce the topography on the surface. After planarization, the substrate can be exposed to the normal etching processes, generally including a RF plasma source. By planarizing the film first, the invention avoids the problem wherein the film removal process preserves or enhances existing topography on the substrate surface.
The term planarizing 170, as used here, refers to the approximate leveling of topographic features with respect to a reference surface. The topographic features are the dimples formed over the vias, and the reference surface is the surface of the dielectric layer surrounding the vias. The leveling of the topography should be such that the angle between a point of interest and a reference point on the reference surface is less than about 5 degrees. The remaining topography should have a roughness of less than or equal to about 30 nm with respect to the reference surface. The removal 180 of the polysilicon layer is achieved when about 90% or more of the material has been removed from the underlying dielectric layer, leaving polysilicon only in the vias.
After the film has been planarized by exposure to the downstream plasma, the bulk of the film is removed by exposing 180 the substrate to an anisotropic, direct, radio frequency (RF) plasma in combination with a downstream plasma. The RF or direct plasma is responsible for most of the anisotropic etching of the polysilicon by ions accelerated in the plasma. The ions are accelerated towards the wafer surface at directions substantially perpendicular to the plane of the wafer. Consequently, the ions impinge on the inclined surfaces less frequently than on the horizontal surfaces that are parallel to the wafer plane, and when they do strike the inclined surfaces, they do so at off-normal incidence angles. Charged ions bombard the horizontal surfaces with full intensity at or near normal incidence. The interactions between the substrate surface and the RF plasma products are therefore mainly ballistic, whereas in the case of the downstream source, they are mainly chemical. The RF plasma is primarily responsible for the rapid removal of the bulk of the polysilicon layer, because of the field-induced acceleration of the ions, as well as the plasma chemistry selectivity of the polysilicon over the oxide.
A third procedure 190 can be included in the process, which procedure involves the exposure of the substrate to another direct RF plasma and/or a downstream plasma, to further reduce the recess height for the polysilicon plug. The third procedure makes use of a process environment in which the selectivity of the etching plasma to the dielectric compared to the polysilicon, is reversed. Therefore the dielectric is removed at a faster rate than the polysilicon. This reverses any topography generated by the etch process, and reduces the remaining recess height of the polysilicon plug.
Various dual source plasma systems can be used in connection with the process described in
As a first embodiment, the invention as described is implemented on a PEP IRIDIA dual source plasma system. A schematic diagram of the plasma system is shown in
A plasma gas is supplied to the chamber through a gas inlet, by vacuum fittings (not shown). The oscillating fields applied by the RF source 360 to platen 340 accelerate ions in the gas, causing them to collide with neutral species, ionizing the neutral species in turn, until a plasma is formed above the substrate 350 on the platen 340. Vacuum plumbing (not shown) is applied to the reactor chamber to allow the evacuation of the chamber to the required levels. The RF power supply is capable of delivering up to about 3000 W per wafer to the plasma. The chamber may be designed to accommodate multiple numbers of wafers, for example six, which may be processed simultaneously. In the case of multiple wafers, two or more wafers may share a downstream source.
The downstream source, which in this example is a microwave downstream (MWD) source 390, ionizes a gas in a separate chamber operatively connected to the reactor chamber 330 which contains the platen 340 and substrate 350. Alternatively, other downstream plasma sources may be used, such as an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source. The MWD source can deliver up to about 3000 W per wafer to the downstream plasma. A microwave generator produces oscillating currents in the ions and electrons of the plasma gas. These ions and electrons transfer energy to other atoms in the gas by collisions to create a microwave plasma. The plasma is initiated by applying, for example, a UV light source 310 or other source of ionizing radiation, to the aperture of the MWD source. The UV light source 310 causes initial ionization of the gas, and the ions and electrons are then accelerated by the oscillating field.
The plasma gases are routed downstream under vacuum flow, and cross a neutralizing barrier 320 at the entrance inlet via 380 to the reactor chamber 330. The neutralizing barrier 320 is a metallic grid which presents a large surface area to the incoming gas. Collisions between the ionized gas species and the neutralizing barrier neutralize the ions, through recombination, such that the flow into the reactor chamber comprises mainly neutral species and reactive radicals.
In this first exemplary embodiment, the first plasma gas is composed of oxygen in combination with a fluorine-containing gas and optionally, a diluent gas. The diluent gas can be argon, nitrogen, hydrogen, forming gas (96% nitrogen and 4% hydrogen), helium, or a combination thereof. The amount of diluent gas is chosen to be sufficient to maintain a stable plasma, and generally the proportion of diluent gas in the plasma is less than about 20% of the total gas volume.
The fluorine-containing gas can be SF6, CHF3, CH2F2, F2, CF4, or NF3. In this embodiment, the fluorine-containing gas is chosen to be CF4. The CF4 gas is highly reactive, and reacts with the surface layer of the polysilicon. The concentration of the fluorine gas is chosen to provide an adequate etch rate, and is generally in the range of about 5�40% of the total gas volume, or preferably in the range of about 9�11%. Higher concentrations of the fluorine-containing gas may lead to excessive formation of fluoropolymer residues, which can interfere with the etching of the polysilicon material. Typical process parameters for the planarizing process may be about 1 Torr total chamber pressure, about 720 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute) O2 and about 80 sccm CF4. The flow rates quoted are per wafer.
The power applied to the downstream microwave source may be up to about 3000 W per wafer, and is preferably about 1500 W to about 1700 W per wafer. The substrate temperature is maintained at between about 20� C. and about 100� C., and preferably about 40� C. to about 90� C., and more preferably about 70� C. The total process time for the first process is about 20�120 seconds, preferably about 50�70 seconds, and more preferably about 60 seconds.
The planarizing process 170 involves the downstream plasma only. A flow rate of about 500 sccm to about 3000 sccm is sufficient for maintaining about 500 mTorr to about 3 Torr of gas pressure in the downstream plasma source. The total flow rate for the first gas in this embodiment is about 800 sccm per wafer, and the pressure is maintained at about 1 Torr.
The bulk removal 180 of the polysilicon film is accomplished by the RF directional plasma in combination with the downstream microwave plasma. The RF directional plasma enhances the polysilicon removal rate. The plasma gases may again be a combination of O2 and a fluorine-containing gas. The fluorine-containing gas may be one selected from the group consisting of SF6, CHF3, F2, CF4 and NF3. In this embodiment, the fluorine gas is chosen to be CF4. In some embodiments, the oxygen gas is mixed with a diluent gas which may be argon, nitrogen, hydrogen, forming gas, helium, or a combination thereof. The total amount of diluent gas is in an amount sufficient to provide a stable plasma, and the proportion of diluent gas to the total gas pressure may be in general less than about 20%. The proportion of CF4 to the total gas volume in the removal process is somewhat higher than in the planarizing process, about 5%�50%, for example about 40%, and can be selected to adjust the etch rate of the polysilicon. The total gas flow supplied to the chamber can be in the range of about 300 sccm to about 3000 sccm. However, typical process parameters in this exemplary embodiment, for the polysilicon removal process are about 700 mTorr total chamber pressure, and about 300 sccm O2 and about 180 sccm CF4. The total power to the microwave source is about 500 to about 1500 W per wafer, and preferably about 800 W per wafer, and to the RF source is about 50 W to about 600 W per wafer, and preferably about 450 W per wafer. The substrate temperature is maintained at about 20� C. to about 100� C., and preferably about 70� C. until the endpoint of the process is reached. Using the conditions described here, a polysilicon removal rate of about 1.2 μm/min is achieved.
The RF plasma source is responsible for the uniformity of the process, and for generating detectable signals for the endpoint detection system. The endpoint system comprises a detector for detecting emissions from the by-products of the etching process. A sudden appearance or disappearance of an emission signal from a species indicates that the end of the process has arrived. The endpoint detection system in this embodiment detects photons emitted in the recombination of ions and electrons from the SiF4 by-product of the polysilicon etching. The total process time required for the second process 180 is generally about 30�60 seconds.
In order to gain sufficient resolution to measure the residual polysilicon recess height, the devices shown in
The optional procedure 190 can be included in the process flow of
Other downstream plasma sources can be used to practice this invention, for example an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source. Such a tool is shown schematically in
The invention described herein can be used to generate flat, planar surfaces which are preferred for further IC processing. The invention as described can yield surfaces with a residual recess height of less than about 10 nm, well below the specification target of about 30 nm residual recess height. The process can be implemented on tools designed to provide a downstream plasma in addition to a direct, RF plasma. The downstream plasma provides most of the planarization effect, and the direct RF plasma performs the bulk etching of the film from the surface.
While this invention has been described in the context of the etching of a polysilicon film, it is clear that the invention can be applied to other materials having undesirable surface topography, such as for example, tungsten, SiO2, or copper.
The invention is therefore not limited to the embodiments described above. For instance, the invention is not limited to the particular materials or process parameters, layer thicknesses, or other details. Likewise, the invention is not limited to the particular shape of the vias or their positioning relative to each other, and the invention is not limited to particular tool designs. Process conditions can be altered, and additional steps added, depending on the nature of the polysilicon films and the structure of film stacks. Various aspects and features of the present invention have been explained or described in relation to beliefs or theories, although it will be understood that the invention is not bound to any particular belief or theory. Other embodiments and variations within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims, will occur to practitioners in view of the disclosure herein.
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The Onmyoji: A Japanese Occult Diviner (PFRPG) PDF
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NCF Nation: Cody Davis
B1G bowl primer: Meineke Car Care Bowl
Minnesota (6-6) vs. Texas Tech (7-5)
Where: Houston, Reliant Stadium
When: Dec. 28, 9 p.m. ET (8 p.m. CT)
About Minnesota: The Gophers return to a bowl game for the first time since the 2009 season after doubling their wins total from 2011 in coach Jerry Kill's second year. Thanks to an improved defense, Minnesota surged to a 4-0 start before struggling in Big Ten play. Injuries forced Minnesota to use three different starting quarterbacks: senior MarQueis Gray, sophomore Max Shortell and freshman Philip Nelson, who lost his redshirt midway through the season and started the final six contests. The Gophers finished 11th nationally in pass defense and bolstered their pass rush behind senior end D.L. Wilhite and junior tackle Ra'Shede Hageman. Nelson showed some flashes of potential in a home victory against Purdue, but injuries piled up for the Gophers' offense, which scored just 54 points in the final four games.
About Texas Tech: Like Minnesota, the Red Raiders saw most of their gains in the first half of the season. They won their first four games and six of their first seven before dropping four of their final five. The poor finish combined with mounting criticism led to the somewhat surprising departure of coach Tommy Tuberville to Cincinnati following the regular season. Texas Tech acted quickly in naming rising star Kliff Kingsbury as head coach, although offensive line Chris Thomsen will coach the Red Raiders in the bowl. The passing tradition at Tech is alive and well as Seth Doege triggers the nation's No. 2 pass offense (361.9 yards per game), and the Red Raiders also rank in the top 20 nationally in both scoring and total offense. The defense performed well through the first half, shutting down then-Heisman Trophy favorite Geno Smith and West Virginia, but the unit struggled late, surrendering more than 50 points in four of the final six contests.
Key players, Minnesota: Gray is set to play his final game in a Gophers uniform, and as has been the case for much of his career, his position is somewhat of a mystery. Gray started at quarterback last season and opened this fall as the team's top signal-caller, but knee and ankle injuries forced him to wide receiver. The extended break before the bowl has allowed Gray to get healthy, and both he and Nelson are practicing at quarterback. Although running back Donnell Kirkwood has been good at times, Minnesota lacks offensive playmakers. Senior cornerback Michael Carter headlines the secondary after recording two interceptions and 14 pass breakups this fall. Wilhite tied for second in the Big Ten with 8.5 sacks.
Key players, Texas Tech: Doege ranks 14th nationally in pass efficiency (156.6 rating) and ninth in total offense (331.1 ypg), having eclipsed 300 pass yards in nine of 12 games with a 499-yard effort against West Virginia and a 476-yard performance against Kansas. He has two excellent targets in wide receivers Darrin Moore and Eric Ward, both of whom rank in the top 20 nationally in receptions and in the top 30 nationally in receiving yards. Junior defensive end Kerry Hyder triggers Texas Tech's pass rush with five sacks and 13.5 tackles for loss. Senior safety Cody Davis leads the unit in tackles (91) and interceptions (3), and ranks second in pass breakups (7).
Did you know: The teams' only previous meeting was a memorable one, as Texas Tech made a huge comeback to force overtime and eventually beat Minnesota in the 2006 Insight Bowl. The blown lead led to Minnesota's firing of longtime coach Glen Mason the next day. ... Texas Tech is bowl-eligible for the 19th time in the past 20 seasons. ... Minnesota will be looking for its first bowl win since the 2004 Music City Bowl, when it defeated Alabama 20-16. ... Minnesota is 5-9 all-time in bowls and has dropped four straight. ... Texas Tech makes its third appearance in what's now known as the Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas. Texas Tech played in the inaugural game in 2000 (then named the galleryfurniture.com Bowl) at the Astrodome and again in 2003 (then named the EV1.net Houston Bowl) at Reliant Stadium. Texas Tech's last appearance resulted in a 38-14 win over Navy on Dec. 30, 2003.
ESPN.com's 2012 All-Big 12 team
Without further ado, here's the All-Big 12 team from ESPN.com.
QB: Collin Klein, Kansas State
RB: Joseph Randle, Oklahoma State
RB: James Sims, Kansas
FB: Trey Millard, Oklahoma
WR: Stedman Bailey, West Virginia
WR: Terrance Williams, Baylor
WR: Tavon Austin, West Virginia
TE: Jace Amaro, Texas Tech
OL: Cyril Richardson, Baylor
OL: Gabe Ikard, Oklahoma
C: Joe Madsen, West Virginia
OL: Lane Taylor, Oklahoma State
OL: LaAdrian Waddle, Texas Tech
DL: Devonte Fields, TCU
DL: Meshak Williams, Kansas State
DL: Calvin Barnett, Oklahoma State
DL: Alex Okafor, Texas
LB: A.J. Klein, Iowa State
LB: Arthur Brown, Kansas State
LB: Jake Knott, Iowa State
CB: Jason Verrett, TCU
CB: Aaron Colvin, Oklahoma
S: Ty Zimmerman, Kansas State
S: Tony Jefferson, Oklahoma
PK: Quinn Sharp, Oklahoma State
P: Quinn Sharp, Oklahoma State
KR: Tyler Lockett, Kansas State
PR: Tavon Austin, West Virginia
Honorable mention: Geno Smith, QB, West Virginia; Landry Jones, QB, Oklahoma; Anthony Cantele, K, Kansas State; Kenny Vaccaro, S, Texas; Justin Brown, PR, Oklahoma; Tanner Hawkinson, OL, Kansas; Jake McDonough, DL, Iowa State; Lane Johnson, OL, Oklahoma; John Hubert, RB, Kansas State; Travis Tannahill, TE, Kansas State; Durrell Givens, S, Iowa State; Cody Davis, S, Texas Tech
Fifteen players honored as scholar-athletes
All 15 finalists received an $18,000 postgraduate scholarship and will be recognized at a Dec. 4 banquet in New York City, where the Campbell Trophy winner will be named. The winner receivers an extra $7,000 in scholarship money.
The finalists are:
- Matt Barkley, QB, Southern California
- Rex Burkhead, RB, Nebraska
- Cody Davis, S, Texas Tech
- Nick Driskill, S, Mount Union
- Nick Florence, QB, Baylor
- Nabal Jefferson, DT, Northern Illinois
- Barrett Jones, C, Alabama
- Aaron Mullane, OL, West Texas A&M
- Ryan Nassib, QB, Syracuse
- Nolan Nearhoof, DE, Robert Morris
- Ethan Peterson, OL, MIT
- Sean Renfree, QB, Duke
- Manti Te'o, LB, Notre Dame
- Patrick Ward, OL, Northwestern
- Shane Zackery, WR, Saint Xavier (Ill.)
Mailbag: OSU, title, cocky, awards, Pachall
Honest Abe in Washington, D.C., writes: In celebration of Halloween, is there a team with a more mysterious and scary second half in store than Oklahoma State? They could easily lose every single game left on their schedule, just as they could (not easily) win every single one. They have the horses and coaching to play with anyone, yet they have the injuries and execution of the 9th place team in the league.
David Ubben: I'd agree with that, Abe. I definitely feel like Oklahoma State is better than their record, but the results haven't been there yet. Getting Wes Lunt back (whenever that is) will definitely help, but my gut says somebody falls and hits 5-7, leaving the Big 12 with just eight bowl-eligible teams, instead of nine. Oklahoma State and Baylor look like the two most likely candidates at this point.
Those same teams, though, aren't out of the mix of rising up to win nine games, either. Just a crazy, crazy league this year with a whole lot of parity. Completely unpredictable from week to week.
Josh in Norman, Okla., writes: Can we please stop with the "if K-State wins this weekend, the second half of the season is a coronation" talk? Would you like for me to list the Big 12 teams over the past dozen years who have gotten through the (seemingly) most difficult parts of their schedules only to stumble (sometimes inexplicably) before their season ended? Oklahoma 2002 and 2003, Texas 2006, Oklahoma 2007, Texas 2008, Oklahoma 2010, Oklahoma State 2011. Need I say more? Going undefeated is really hard and, given KSU's style of squeaking out close wins, the odds are stacked against them.
DU: Good list there, Josh. What do most of those teams have in common, though? They won a Big 12 title. Oklahoma lost in the Big 12 title game in 2003, and I don't recall any of that talk about Texas in 2006. Texas got squeezed out in 2008 because of a ridiculous tiebreaker. Point is, the odds are good for K-State to win a Big 12 title because the margin of error would be so large.
WVU and Oklahoma are the two teams with the best chance to continue winning, and K-State would hold the tiebreaker on both teams.
A coronation? Sure, maybe that's a little much. But anyone want to bet K-State doesn't win the Big 12 title if it wins on Saturday?
KB in Albuquerque, N.M., writes: Hi David, I enjoy the blog. How about a little love for KSU punter Ryan Doerr? Punts were huge in the win over ISU. In the 3rd quarter Doerr pinned ISU at their 1. ISU went three-and-out, with a shanked punt from their end zone to their 30 that gave KSU a short field for the TD that proved to be the game winner. Then Doerr pinned ISU at their 3 to start what became a futile attempt at a go-ahead last drive. Thanks and keep up the good work! KB
DU: Doerr's definitely a big talent. The Big 12's got a lot this year at punter. It was tight race between Kirby Van Der Kamp, Doerr and Quinn Sharp at OSU. Sharp's got the biggest leg, but I went with Van Der Kamp because of his consistency pinning teams inside the 20.
Brett in Houston writes: David, At this point in the season, is Terrance Williams the front-runner for the Biletnikoff Award?
DU: He's definitely my front-runner. Thing is, the Big 12 might come pretty close to earning a shutout on all three finalists for yet another year. Kendall Wright should have been in there last year, but this year, it might be Williams and the WVU duo of Stedman Bailey and Tavon Austin.
For now, though, no doubt in my mind: Williams is the Biletnikoff leader. Austin and Bailey aren't far behind and could have their finalists party crashed by Marqise Lee at USC, but if the voting happened today, you might see an all Big 12 list of finalists.
3-point stance: UCLA's Mora having 'fun'
2. Both Texas Tech head coach Tommy Tuberville and free safety Cody Davis chalked up the Red Raiders' defensive improvement to confidence. Texas Tech, which gave up 39 points per game last season, has allowed only one touchdown in two games. That said, Tuberville makes sure confidence doesn't turn into overconfidence. "When you're winning, that's when you want to be (as) negative as you can in terms of teaching, and film, showing all the little things to get better."
3. Dabo Swinney played wide receiver at Alabama and coached the position both at his alma mater and at Clemson. Now that he's the Tigers' head coach, he may be a little sensitive to seeing that his receivers are happy. "We keep a touch chart on the sideline," Swinney said this week. "It's something I pay close attention to by quarter. From time to time, I'll make sure I tell somebody to make sure so-and-so gets some touches. It's usually not an issue. It's usually in the forefront of all of our thoughts."
Big 12 weekend rewind: Week 2
Best offensive performance: Collin Klein, QB, Kansas State. Klein dominated in the Wildcats' 52-13 win over Miami, showcasing an improved arm and the same toughness that made him a franchise player for K-State a year ago. He finished with three rushing touchdowns and 71 yards on 22 carries, while completing 9 of 11 passes for 201 yards, a touchdown and an interception. Honorable mention: Tracy Moore, WR, Oklahoma State, Damien Williams, RB, Oklahoma
Best defensive performance: Adam Davis, DE, Kansas State. Davis was a wrecking ball on the defensive line for K-State, the game's most consistently disruptive force. He finished with just four tackles, but he had two sacks and forced two fumbles, one of which was scooped up by Arthur Brown. Honorable mention: Arthur Brown, LB, Kansas State
Best play: Jake Knott, LB, Iowa State. Knott clinched the Cy-Hawk Trophy for Iowa State by tipping a James Vandenberg pass to himself for a game-ending interception, cutting off a promising Iowa drive in the final minute of the Cyclones' 9-6 win over the Hawkeyes. Honorable mention: Cody Davis, S, Texas Tech; Kenny Williams, RB, Texas Tech
Worst play: Kansas State's ... something. It was half jump pass, half behind the back Statue of Liberty ... or something. Bill Snyder called a timeout and the Wildcats ran the trick play at the goal line. However, Klein's behind the back pass to Chris Harper ended up going for a 19-yard loss and the Wildcats missed a field goal on the next play.
Second-worst play: Calvin Barnett, DT, Oklahoma State. It's been a long time since I've heard of a player getting two personal fouls on the same play, but Barnett pulled it off in the first quarter, getting flagged for two personal fouls to take care of 30 yards for Arizona on a 75-yard touchdown drive. He was flagged for roughing the passer and again for unnecessary roughness, and finished with 45 penalty yards, 18 more than Arizona's entire team. Oklahoma State finished with a school-record 167 penalty yards on 15 flags. Dishonorable mention: Dayne Crist's fourth-quarter interception to set up Rice's game-winning field goal.
Best team performance: Kansas State. We saw a complete game for 60 minutes and complete domination from the Wildcats. K-State sent a pretty decent statement with one of the best all-around games we've seen all season from anybody in the league, routing Miami 52-13, and outmuscling a pretty athletic Hurricanes squad.
Worst team performance: Oklahoma State. The Jayhawks gave OSU a run for its money in this one, but when you add up the aforementioned penalties, four turnovers and zero forced turnovers and the fact they came against a middling Arizona squad, the 21-point game was a pretty jarring wake-up call. Yes, it was the first time on the road for a young passing game, but OSU has a lot of experience elsewhere. This year won't be an easy one for Oklahoma State, but making Wes Lunt throw the ball 60 times a night isn't the answer. Dishonorable mention: Kansas.
Worst quarter: Oklahoma State's fourth quarter. The Cowboys were still in it after a Quinn Sharp field goal cut Arizona's lead to 37-31 entering the quarter. However, turnovers and an inability to stop the run turned it into a borderline embarrassing loss. The Cowboys were outscored 22-7 in the quarter and left the desert as losers in their first major test. Rough way to close the outing. Dishonorable mention: Kansas' fourth quarter, when the Jayhawks entered with an eight-point lead and lost.
Best quarter: TCU's first quarter. The Frogs scored on the very first time they touched the ball in the rebuilt Amon G. Carter Stadium. Not bad, eh? Deante' Gray scooted 70 yards to return a punt for a score, and by the end of the first quarter, the Frogs led 28-0, with a rushing touchdown, a passing touchdown, a special-teams score and a defensive score on a 28-yard Elisha Olabode interception return. That'll work.
Oddest performance: Malcolm Brown, RB, Texas. Brown's not exactly a bell cow, but he's the featured runner for the Longhorns. Mack Brown said Malcolm Brown was healthy, but the sophomore and Longhorns leading rusher a season ago carried the ball just two times for 5 yards on Saturday. Three other players, including QB David Ash and freshman RB Johnathan Gray, had more plays called for them. What's up there?
Spring Q&A: Purdue coach Danny Hope
Did you sense any different attitude this offseason after getting to that bowl game last year?
You have quite a few experienced quarterbacks now, in fact. How are you splitting up the reps for them this spring?
DH: Well, Sean Robinson is playing on defense right now. It's hard to get four quarterbacks ready in spring ball, and he wasn't going to get as many reps as he needed to. So we're going to try him some at the linebacker position. That leaves TerBush and Robert Marve, who's finally healthy. I think Robert did some good things last year, but I think he's in position to take some big steps in his development because this is the first time since he's been here that he's been able to get a lot of reps without concern about an injury or an eligibility situation. Then Rob Henry is back. He's a little bit limited right now because he's coming off knee surgery, but I'm really pleased with where his recovery is, and most of the time when he's out there right now you can't tell much of a difference. But you have to limit his reps a little just because you don't want to overdo it and create a swelling issue. So the numbers are kind of taking care of themselves in some ways. We went into the spring with TerBush as No. 1 and all those other guys are competing.
Your leading rusher, Ralph Bolden, tore his ACL again, but you have two pretty good running backs in Akeem Shavers and Akeem Hunt. How do you feel about the depth at running back this spring?
DH: We had a real strong running attack last year. We were fifth in the Big Ten in rushing. The past couple of years, we've been able to establish a strong running game. I like the progress that we've made and having good running backs is a big part of that, and any more, having a couple of running backs you can play is a big part of it. We had a lot of different guys rush for us last year, probably 10 different guys who were utilized as ball carriers. We really like Akeem Shavers. He's a fast, physical back who finishes runs. Akeem Hunt is an excellent sprinter who's a member of our track team and was a state champion track performer in Georgia. So he's a class sprinter in a lot of ways for a football player.
We've also got a kid we redshirted last year in Doug Gentry, and he's a skilled player. We have Gavin Roberts, who has good size but was injured last year. He's a big back we can utilize in the backfield. Then we've got a couple fullbacks in Derek Jackson, who weighs about 240 pounds, and Kurt Freytag. So we've got some guys still in the stable even though Ralph is out. And we've utilized Antavian Edison and Raheem Mostert some as ball carriers out of their slot position, and both those guys are really skilled players. So we've got some athletes who can tote the mail, and we spread the wealth out around here.
Were you upset about the new kickoff rules because you have such a weapon at kick returner in Raheem Mostert?
DH: Well, we all play by the same rules. You'll have to make decisions about bringing some out, so the return man is going to have to be a good decision-maker. From a kickoff standpoint it might change some things. You can kick them all deep and try to force the touchback if you want to, but you're going to be giving the opponent the ball at the 25. Or you can kick the ball high and deep and try to pin them down and do a great job covering. So there's going to be some game planning and schemes involved. I think it will all even out. ... I don't think it's going to shut down all kick returns, but I think there will be about 25 percent less, is my guess.
Big 12 position ranking: Safeties
Here's what we've covered so far:
The group of safeties across the Big 12 isn't fantastic, without any truly elite groups, but it's decent. There aren't any teams that look really hopeless at the position in the immediate future.
I haven't given it real close examination so far on the positions we haven't covered yet, but this is by far the closest gap between 1-10 of any position so far.
Here's how I ranked them. (Remember, I lumped in nickel backs with linebackers, so Ahmad Dixon and Tony Jefferson won't be found anywhere in this post.)
2. Texas -- Blake Gideon takes his share of criticism, a good deal of it fair, but there's a reason he's starting for Texas for a fourth season this fall. He knows what he's doing. Kenny Vaccaro will challenge OSU's Martin, among others, for the title of the Big 12's biggest hitter and Nolan Brewster and Christian Scott are strong reserves at the position. The Longhorns lose a lot at corner, but all the safeties are back from a defense that allowed just over 170 yards a game through the air in conference play last season.
3. Texas A&M -- The Aggies' Steven Terrell and Trent Hunter are solid, and Hunter is a big playmaker who made 62 stops and picked off two passes last year. Toney Hurd Jr. is the backup and was one of the most impressive freshmen in fall camp last year, joined by Steven Campbell in the rotation.
4. Kansas State -- Tysyn Hartman has loads of experience and is one of the Wildcats that Bill Snyder loves to rave about. Ty Zimmerman was one of the Big 12's best freshman last year, and picked off three passes. They should be solid again next year, and for as much criticism as K-State's defense faced last year, they were fifth in the Big 12 in pass defense. Logan Dold should be in the rotation, too.
5. Oklahoma -- Reserve Sam Proctor has starting experience, but Javon Harris and Aaron Colvin enter fall camp as starters. That says plenty about how Bob Stoops and Brent Venables feel about them. In a word: confident. Colvin has the most potential in the group, but the two starters will have to learn on the go. Proctor, a senior, should be able to help. James Haynes will also be in the rotation.
6. Missouri -- Jasper Simmons is gone, but Missouri's safeties might be a bit underrated in this spot. Kenji Jackson has loads of experience and should be solid, and Tavon Bolden and Matt White are a pair of promising sophomores who should compete at free safety. Kenronte Walker should be in the rotation, too.
7. Texas Tech -- Injuries were a problem last year for the Tech secondary, but Cody Davis and D.J. Johnson will hold down the traditional safety spots away from the line of scrimmage in new coordinator Chad Glasgow's 4-2-5. The unit gave up lots of big plays in 2010 (151 over 10 yards, 46 over 20, and 25 over 30, all the most in the Big 12), but I'd expect that number to drop under Glasgow if the secondary stays healthy. Davis is the team's leading returning tackler, with 87 stops. Brett Dewhurst and Giorgio Durham should be in the rotation.
8. Kansas -- Keeston Terry and Bradley McDougald give Kansas a lot of speed and athletic ability at the position, but both of the team's safeties from 2010 graduated and Terry and McDougald are short on experience. Lubbock Smith should add some solid depth to the position.
9. Iowa State -- Iowa State loses their top playmaker at the position, David Sims, but returns starter Ter'Ran Benton. He'll be helped out by some combination of Jacques Washington, Earl Brooks and Deon Broomfield once the season starts. Iowa State's biggest weakness is on the defensive line, so it's hard to get a good read on how good the safeties really are with such a poor pass rush up front.
10. Baylor -- This group might move up the list during the year under Phil Bennett, but the two best raw athletes (Ahmad Dixon, Prince Kent) at the position moved to nickel back and linebacker, respectively. The team's leading tackler, Byron Landor, graduated, and that left Mike Hicks as the other starter. He'll be helped out at safety by Sam Holl, Josh Wilson and K.J. Morton. Last year, the Bears ranked last in the Big 12 in pass defense in conference play, giving up over 300 yards a game. That'll have to change or Baylor won't get past seven wins.
The Big 12's 100-tackle defenders in 2011
Now it's time to look at the guys that seem to be in on every play: players who will notch 100 tackles next year. A little context: This is a bigger group than the others.
Last year, 11 players topped the 100-tackle mark, and just five return. Across the country, 75 players had at least 100 tackles, by far the largest group we've examined so far this year.
So this time, instead of looking at the players most likely to crack the mark, we'll just run down the players I believe will have at least 100 tackles next year, in order of the likelihood they do so. As usual, this is not a ranking of each linebacker's overall skill, just the probability that they reach the benchmark statistic for their position.
1. Travis Lewis, LB, Oklahoma: Lewis tops the list based on his history. In three years, he has 360 tackles for the Sooners, and has topped 100 in all three seasons. He's got a hungry youngster in Corey Nelson nipping at his heels, but he's one of the defense's leaders. There's no reason to think he won't have another huge year.
3. Garrick Williams, LB, Texas A&M: Williams already had 112 stops in 2010, and without Michael Hodges and Von Miller around, he and Sean Porter (74 tackles in 2010) should rack up even more in 2011.
4. A.J. Klein, LB, Iowa State: Klein gets overshadowed by his teammate, Knott, but he had 111 tackles of his own as a first-year starter last year. The Cyclones defensive line is one of the weakest in the Big 12, but fortunately for ISU, it's got some solid linebackers.
5. Keenan Robinson, LB, Texas: Robinson is the last of the returning 100-tackle linebackers, but he'll have an even bigger role in the Longhorns' defense in 2011 after making 106 stops last year.
6. Arthur Brown, LB, Kansas State: I'm officially buying on Arthur Brown. I'm on the fence about Bryce Brown, but the combination of the tales from last year's scout team, plus his 14 tackles in the spring game followed by an endorsement from Bill Snyder after it has me on board. He's the fastest linebacker Snyder's coached since his return, and speed takes you a long way in the Big 12. Big year on the way for Brown.
7. Caleb Lavey, LB, Oklahoma State: Lavey is the likely successor to resident brick wall Orie Lemon at middle linebacker for the Cowboys. He may not reach Lemon's 133 tackles in 2010, second-most in the Big 12, but I like what I saw from Lavey as a freshman last year and I like his chances to hit the triple digits.
8. Zaviar Gooden, LB, Missouri: Like Brown, Gooden has crazy speed for a linebacker, and at 6-foot-2 and 225 pounds, his body type is more like that of a hulking safety. Missouri, in part because of injury, didn't have a player with 100 tackles last year, but Gooden tied for the team lead with 84. If Will Ebner stays healthy, he could crash this list, too.
9. Prince Kent, S, Baylor: Two defensive backs hit the mark last year, but I've got just one on my list for 2011. Kent played sparingly as a freshman last year, but still led the team with two interceptions. The Bears' cornerbacks aren't great, and here's betting that means Kent leads the team in tackles this year.
10. Huldon Tharp, LB, Kansas: Tharp will be coming back from a knee injury, and he's not full strength just yet, but he's got the most raw talent of any defender on the Jayhawks' roster. I'll tack him on the end of this list for a nice comeback year.
Just missed: Sean Porter, LB, Texas A&M; Emmanuel Acho, LB, Texas, Cody Davis, S, Texas Tech
Red Raiders' defense on the mend
Within that, the Red Raiders were one of just two teams to give up at least 150 pass plays of longer than 10 yards.
"We just got outran," said coach Tommy Tuberville. "That's the bottom line."
Solution one: The Red Raiders need more speed. Part of that comes with recruiting. Tuberville addressed the need in his 2011 class, recruiting a handful of pass-rushers to provide more depth.
But those injuries meant freshmen on the field, defensive tackles trying to play defensive end and even a few offensive players moving to the defensive side of the ball.
"It didn't look good for us early, but if guys kept getting hurt, we'd have really been in trouble," Tuberville said. "We'd have ended up with Taylor Potts playing safety."
Two of the team's best pass-rushers played early, Aundrey Barr (knee) and Scott Smith (suspension) missed the majority of the season, which didn't do the defense's back line any favors.
"The main thing for us next year is if we can stay healthy and get playing time underneath our belt, there's potential," Tuberville said. "A lot of them just don't have a clue what they're doing."
The hope is that changes this year with new defensive coordinator Chad Glasgow, who came from TCU as one of the nation's best secondary coaches. Most welcome, he came preaching simplicity.
"We were confused about some calls and everybody didn't know what everybody else was doing, so simplifying this should be better this year," said safety Cody Davis, second on the team with 87 tackles last year. "Everybody should know what they're doing."
Glasgow is also implementing a 4-2-5 that will put more defensive backs on the field.
"I think it fits us very well because we have so much experience at safety and lack of depth elsewhere," Davis said.
For immediate help changing that, Tuberville brought in Leon Mackey and Dennell Wesley, a pair of junior college defensive linemen.
"They're a little older guys. They're not like big-eyed 17-year-olds coming in," Tuberville said. "You throw them up against a Big 12 team in the first month, at least you've got a little experience."
Despite the defensive struggles, Texas Tech still managed to win eight games, but to tally any more than that, it'll have to stay on the same page, healthy and in front of high-powered Big 12 offenses which got behind it all too often in 2010.
"We didn't have near enough speed to compete this year, and it showed up," Tuberville said. "We had some good players, but we just didn't have enough of them."
What to watch in the Big 12 this spring
Spring practice starts: February 28
Spring game: April 2
What to watch:
- Big changes on defense. Baylor brought in Phil Bennett as its new defensive coordinator, and he says his scheme will be multiple, built to fit the Bears' personnel. Considering the Bears' recent recruiting successes in the secondary, look for a 4-2-5 type of look.
- Recruiting stars: time to shine. Both safeties, Tim Atchison and Byron Landor, are gone. Baylor, though, has two former ESPNU 150 recruits at safety who would be well served to start filling their potential. Prince Kent was a reserve last season and at one time, the nation's No. 51 overall recruit who originally signed with Miami. Ahmad Dixon, meanwhile, was the No. 15 overall prospect in the 2010 class. The opportunity is there. Baylor needs big talent at the position. Briles has recruited it. Can they develop into players who make Baylor a contender?
- Running back competition. Jay Finley topped 1,200 yards in 2010, but he's gone. Who steps into his void? Terrance Ganaway is a bowling ball at 5-foot-11, 235 pounds, but the shifty Jarred Salubi could get a good amount of carries, too. They could begin to share carries this spring.
Spring practice starts: March 22
Spring game: April 16
What to watch:
- Quarterback competition. It should be a good one in Ames this spring. Jerome Tiller is the name most recognize after getting lots of meaningful time and starts because of injuries to Austen Arnaud over the past two seasons. But juco transfer Steele Jantz sounds confident he can win the job. Rising sophomore James Capello and redshirt freshman Jared Barnett will compete, too.
- Paging Cyclone receivers. Iowa State had one of the most underwhelming receiving corps in the league during the past season, and three of its top five pass-catchers won't return in 2011. Of those three, however, one is a tight end (Collin Franklin) and another is a running back (Alexander Robinson). The new quarterback will need some help, and Darius Darks and Darius Reynolds will need to provide it as seniors.
- Shontrelle's time or not? Freshman Shontrelle Johnson looked like the running back with the most pop behind Robinson for most of 2010, but two other freshmen running backs jockeyed for carries, too. Paul Rhoads is hardly handing the job over to Johnson, but spring could be the time when he really separates himself from the pack.
Spring practice starts: April 1
Spring game: April 30
What to watch:
- What are they doing behind center? Kansas never got much consistent play out of the quarterback position last year, but freshman Brock Berglund is one of the 2011 class' top recruits, and enrolled early to compete in the spring with Jordan Webb and Quinn Mecham. With a building program like Kansas, there's perhaps some value in handing the program to a younger player like Webb or Berglund, but they'll have to earn it. Doing so will start in the spring, but don't expect the Jayhawks to have a set-in-stone starter by spring's end.
- Top linebacker back on the field. Huldon Tharp missed all of 2010 with a foot injury, but he says he's 100 percent and ready to get back on the field. As a freshman in 2009, he was fifth on the team in tackles, with 59, and looked like one of the league's possible budding stars. Now, he'll get his chance to join fellow linebacker Steven Johnson as one of the team's top tacklers, and he'll do it as a sophomore after redshirting in 2010.
- Toben rising? Turner Gill raised plenty of eyebrows when he moved his team's leading rusher in 2009, Toben Opurum, to linebacker in fall camp, and eventually slid him up to defensive end. But toward the end of 2010, Opurum started showing some major signs of growth at the position. We'll get a better idea this spring if he's one of the league's most unlikely new stars at defensive end.
Spring practice starts: April 6
Spring game: April 30
What to watch:
- Prodigal Kansan sons come home. There's no doubt that the Wichita native Brown brothers are the main attraction at Kansas State this spring, a season after transferring back home. Bryce Brown, the running back, was the nation's No. 8 prospect in the 2009 class. Arthur Brown, the linebacker, was the nation's No. 6 prospect in the 2008 class. Bryce transferred from Tennessee and Arthur from Miami. The Wildcats are pinning much of their hopes on the duo, and we'll get a good sense of what they can provide soon.
- Quarterback competition. Carson Coffman is gone, and two new faces will challenge for the job: juco transfer Justin Tuggle and Daniel Sams. Sammuel Lamur is also up for the gig. Collin Klein may or may not be; Bill Snyder hasn't explicitly confirmed a past comment from Sams saying Klein had moved to receiver. Don't expect a starter to be named by spring's end, but a general order could start to form.
- Can the defense show improvement? Kansas State had the Big 12's worst overall defense last year, and the worst rushing defense in college football, giving up 3,008 yards on the ground. Coordinator Chris Cosh looks like he'll still be around in 2011, and defensive backs David Garrett and Tysyn Hartman are solid pieces to try and build around. But this young maturing defense must get better to make a bowl game again with so many questions on offense. That starts in the spring.
Spring practice starts: March 8
Spring game: April 16
What to watch:
- Franklin comes alive! Blaine Gabbert bolted to the NFL early, and Missouri has a gaping hole a quarterback. The position, however, is surrounded by a lot of quality talent that likely makes the Tigers a Top 25 team. There's no understating the importance of the position for the Tigers, and that will begin to be decided in the spring. James Franklin, a rising sophomore, saw spot duty in 2010 as more of a runner, and may have the inside track on the job, but Tyler Gabbert, Blaine's younger brother, and Ashton Glaser should make it an interesting competition in the spring. If neither of them impress early, don't count out incoming freshman Corbin Berkstresser.
- Here is the new secondary. Same as the old secondary? After years of pass defense being one of the Tigers' biggest weaknesses, it became a strength in 2010 behind the leadership of senior corners Kevin Rutland and Carl Gettis. But the Tigers lose them and safety Jarrell Harrison. Rutland emerged as one of the team's most impressive players last spring, but was Missouri's success in the secondary a one-time thing or the beginning of a welcome trend?
- Time to dominate the trenches? Missouri played without likely first-round pick Aldon Smith for much of the previous season, but the defensive and offensive lines for the Tigers were as good as ever in 2010. How will they look in 2011? Impact juco transfer Sheldon Richardson won't be enrolled by the spring, but the four returning starters on the offensive line should get some solid work against Brad Madison, Jacquies Smith and Terrell Resonno.
Spring practice starts: March 21
Spring game: April 16
What to watch:
- Freshmen on display. Coach Bob Stoops hasn't been shy about saying his 2010 recruiting class was his best ever, but it could look even better after this spring. Two of his best emerging recruits, Justin McCay and Geneo Grissom, didn't even play in 2010, and could start to make an impact. The same goes for Corey Nelson, who will try to earn some more time somewhere backing up star Travis Lewis.
- Is there a golden boot in Norman? Jimmy Stevens was much more accurate in 2010, finishing 19-for-23, but his attempts outside 45 yards were sparse. The good news is he missed none of his 53 extra points. Field goals have been a bit of an adventure for the past couple years, but continuing in the spring what he started last year would be a good sign for Oklahoma. The Sooners are strong everywhere and need good special teams play to reach their lofty title goals.
- Are the Sooners' backs back? Roy Finch missed the Fiesta Bowl with a stress fracture, and his durability is certainly questionable entering 2011. When he's healthy, he looks like the next star in the Sooners' backfield, but they'll need some depth behind the 5-foot-8, 173-pounder. Jermie Calhoun, Jonathan Miller and Brennan Clay have all looked good at times, but there should be some good competition from newcomers Brandon Wegher, an Iowa transfer who'll be in camp this spring and eligible next season, and blue-chip recruit Brandon Williams, who enrolled early.
Spring practice starts: March 7
Spring game: April 16
What to watch:
- Every piece of the offense. The spring in Stillwater is all about keeping or improving upon the status quo. Had it kept Dana Holgorsen, there'd be little doubt that would happen, but Oklahoma State must make the most of its five returning offensive linemen, quarterback Brandon Weeden and receiver Justin Blackmon. The opportunity for a historic season is there, but they'll have to pick up the nuances of the new offense quickly in the spring like they did last year.
- What about the kicker? Dan Bailey won the Lou Groza Award as the nation's top kicker in 2010, but he's gone. Oklahoma State needs to fill that role quickly, and we'll likely know who will get the nod after the spring.
- Who steps up on the defensive line? The Cowboys lose three starters up front on defense, including All-Big 12 performer Ugo Chinasa and tackles Chris Donaldson and Shane Jarka. Can senior Richetti Jones become a star in the Big 12? We'll have a good idea if he, or any of the Cowboys' other defensive linemen, can by the end of April.
Spring practice starts: February 24
Spring game: April 3
What to watch:
- New coaches and their students/players. Texas has five new coaches. Although it's hard to get a good read early on, how they relate with the players on the field, in the film room and around the facilities will have a big impact on how the 2011 season plays out in Austin. The young-blooded coordinators could serve themselves well by relating to players and the players will need to spend plenty of extra time learning new schemes and plays.
- Quarterback competition ... or not? Mack Brown says the gig is open and it is, for now. Garrett Gilbert can close it with a strong spring. If Garrett struggles on the field or has difficulty grasping the new system, the door will be wide open for Connor Wood or Case McCoy to step in and close it. Gilbert didn't get much help, but he did very little in 2010 to inspire a lot of breathing room with McCoy and Wood clamoring for playing time.
- And you've got to defend the pass, too. Texas loses its top three cornerbacks to the NFL, and only Carrington Byndom and A.J. White got much meaningful playing time last season. Younger players can earn some rare early playing time with a strong spring. Will anyone step up?
Spring practice starts: March 22
Spring game: April 16
What to watch:
- New linebackers in the running. Spring isn't so scary when you bring back nine defensive starters, but the two Texas A&M lost were the heart of its defense. Linebackers Michael Hodges and Von Miller are gone. Kyle Mangan didn't look fantastic when forced into action during the Cotton Bowl, but the time is now for Damontre Moore and Dominique Patterson, a pair of sophomores, to make their impact.
- Tannehill's tuning things up. Quarterback Ryan Tannehill played about as well as anyone could have hoped late last season, but he'll need it to continue his performance with a solid spring nailing down the timing with his receivers, who all return. He's already got a leg up on last year's quarterback, Jerrod Johnson, who was held out of team drills last spring after shoulder surgery that eventually derailed his senior season.
- Christine's back. Christine Michael missed the second half of the season with a broken leg, giving way to Cyrus Gray's rise among Big 12 backs. It should make Texas A&M's depth at the position even more impressive, but we'll see how Michael looks coming back from the injury.
Spring practice starts: February 19
Spring game: March 26
What to watch:
- Past defending that pass defense. Texas Tech had the Big 12's worst pass defense last season, but has a pair of big potential players at cornerback in rising sophomores Tre Porter and Jarvis Phillips. Starters LaRon Moore and Franklin Mitchem are gone, but if returning starters Cody Davis and Will Ford can continue to mature, the defense should improve in the area most important for success in the Big 12.
- And they're off! There's a four-man quarterback derby set in Lubbock this spring between Seth Doege, Jacob Karam, Michael Brewer and Scotty Young. I don't expect it to be settled until midway through fall camp, similar to last season, but there should be a solid front-runner and more clarity after spring. Coach Tommy Tuberville was extremely impressed with Doege and Karam last spring after Taylor Potts and Steven Sheffield went down with injuries.
- Time to find new stars. Most of the big names on Texas Tech's defense are gone. Colby Whitlock, Bront Bird, Brian Duncan will all continue their careers elsewhere. The leaders on the defense will have to begin to emerge in the spring. Is it Scott Smith? Cody Davis? A younger, unexpected player? We'll find out. Sometimes these types of situations aren't as easy to predict as they might seem, like Missouri's strength in 2010 emerging in the secondary.
Big 12 weekend rewind: Week 9
Best defensive player: Byron Landor, S, Baylor. Landor made 15 tackles and broke up a pair of passes in the Bears' 30-22 win over Texas. Honorable mention: Cody Davis, S, Texas Tech
Best special teams player: Quinn Sharp, P, Oklahoma State. Sharp averaged 63 yards on five punts, and pinned Kansas State inside its 10-yard line four times. Honorable mention: Justin Tucker, K, Texas.
Best team performance: Nebraska. The Huskers had a whole lot on the line and played like it, racing to a 24-0 lead against Missouri and suffocating the Tigers' passing game for 60 minutes. That early spurt was needed after the Huskers had to play without an injured Taylor Martinez for the second half.
Best offensive freshman: Roy Finch, RB, Oklahoma. Not an outstanding group of freshmen this week, but Finch carried the ball 10 times for 59 yards against Colorado in his first start.
Best play: Roy Helu Jr., RB, Nebraska. Just like Missouri last week, Nebraska rode an early huge play to a win. Helu broke a 66-yard run down the left sideline on the first play of the game.
Worst quarter: Missouri's first quarter. I haven't seen a team get so thoroughly dominated for 15 minutes this season. The Tigers were outscored 24-0, and had just two first downs and an interception in the opening 15 minutes of a game that Missouri had to win to earn a North title.
Best game: Baylor 30, Texas 22. The Bears took the lead on a third-down sneak at the goal line early in the fourth quarter and stretched their lead to 11 with a 30-yard touchdown pass to Kendall Wright. Texas had a late opportunity to tie after a Curtis Brown muffed punt stayed with the Longhorns, but Marquise Goodwin fumbled at the end of a long reception to end the game.
Instant analysis: Texas Tech 35, SMU 27
How the game was won: Texas Tech won the turnover battle convincingly, 4-0. One first-half turnover turned into a Texas Tech touchdown, and the Red Raiders led 21-7 at halftime.
Turning point: Texas Tech let SMU get on the board with an impressive 12-play, 72-yard drive that brought the Mustangs to within seven. But the Red Raiders responded with a speedy six-play drive to make it 21-7 before half and scored on the opening drive of the second half to take a 21-point lead.
Stat of the game: Texas Tech's trainers said the temperature read 148 degrees on the turf at AT&T Jones Stadium during Sunday's game. While it wasn't nearly as hot in the stands, the nearly triple-digit heat in Lubbock on Sunday meant a few seats in the stadium were left empty for the second half.
Player of the game: Taylor Potts, QB, Texas Tech. Potts held off an encore of "No More Potts" with a solid performance, shaking off a few early kinks to finish with 359 yards on 34-of-53 passing and three touchdowns.
Unsung hero of the game: Cody Davis, S, Texas Tech. Davis delivered a few big hits in the secondary and on several occasions, flew up into the box to deliver a big hit in run support.
Record performance: Lyle Leong, WR, Texas Tech. The Red Raider receiver registered career highs in yards (142), receptions (11) and tied his career high in touchdowns (3).
Record performance II: SMU kicker Matt Szymanski booted a school-record 61-yard field goal in the fourth quarter that brought SMU to within 15.
These Big 12 positions need the most help
Posted by ESPN.com's Tim Griffin
All questions aren't settled during the course of spring practice as teams still have much work to upgrade their weaknesses heading into the season.
Obviously, some will receive a boost from incoming freshmen who will arrive later. But here's how each team's biggest liability shakes out heading into the summer.
Baylor: The Bears are desperately looking for help at offensive tackle after losing No. 2 overall draft pick Jason Smith and Dan Gay as their starters. Former Canadian firefighter Danny Watkins has established himself at Smith's old position protecting Robert Griffin's blind side. And on the right side, junior Chris Griesenbeck and redshirt freshmen Cameron Kaufhold are competing for the starting job with Tyler Junior College's Phillip Blake and Blinn College's Marquis Franklin set the arrive later this summer.
Colorado: Wide receiver has been a question mark for the Buffaloes throughout Dan Hawkins' coaching tenure. The Buffaloes return four scholarship wide receivers and had a chance to work out several new players with Scotty McKnight injured during the spring. Josh Smith and Markques Simas are the top playmakers coming out of the spring. Non-scholarship players like Jason Espinoza and Ryan Maxwell emerged, but the Buffaloes definitely need a big upgrade at the position from their arriving freshman class.
Iowa State: The Cyclones will be facing a big hole at left tackle, where two-year starter Doug Dedrick departs. It could be filled by Matt Hulbert, who started two games last season when Dedrick was hurt. Or it could be massive 354-pound junior Hayworth Hicks or freshman Brayden Burris at the position. Whoever emerges will face a huge challenge in filling Dedrick's experience as he protects the blind side of the Iowa State quarterbacks.
Kansas: Coach Mark Mangino will be facing a few huge rebuilding job at linebacker, where the Jayhawks lose key contributors Joe Mortensen, Mike Rivera and James Holt from last season. Mangino is talking about using a two-linebacker set as his base defense with fifth-year senior Jake Schermer and senior Arist Wright getting the starting jobs leaving spring practice. Sophomore Steven Johnson and converted running back Angus Quigley were competing for playing time during the spring and another boost is expected when junior linebacker Justin Springer, who is recovering from a torn ACL last season, returns in the fall.
Kansas State: Carson Coffman appeared to have claimed the starting job at quarterback -- at least for a few weeks -- after a strong effort during the latter stages of spring practice. But Coffman's late binge has to be tempered considering he is playing against the weak Kansas State secondary. So it's fair to say there are some lingering questions at the position. Coffman apparently has beaten back the challenge of challengers Collin Klein, Joseph Kassanavoid, Trey Scott and Milton McPeek. But the arrival of South Florida transfer Grant Gregory and heralded junior-college transfer Daniel Thomas will mean more competition in the summer.
Missouri: The Tigers will be facing a challenge of replacing NFL first-round draft pick Evander "Ziggy" Hood at defensive tackle to play opposite nose tackle Jaron Baston. Redshirt sophomore Terrell Resonno appeared to have claimed the job out of the spring, with Dominique Hamilton, Chris Earnhardt and converted linebacker George White perhaps earning their way into the rotation.
Nebraska: After the graduation of top receivers Todd Peterson and Nate Swift from last season, the Cornhuskers need to fill both positions. Leading returning receiver Menelik Holt appears to have a hammerlock on one position, but Niles Paul lost a chance to take a big step forward after missing the spring after he was suspended for driving under the influence. Antonio Bell was the biggest surprise, but converted I-back Marcus Mendoza, Chris Brooks, Wes Cammack and Curenski Gilleylen all showed flashes during the spring.
Oklahoma: There was concern before spring practice, considering the Sooners were replacing four-fifths of their starting offensive line with only Trent Williams back from last season's starters. And it got worse when Bob Stoops called out the young replacements because of their lack of diligence in their preseason conditioning. Williams emerged at left tackle with Brian Simmons and Stephen Good at guards, redshirt freshman Ben Habern at center and either LSU transfer Jarvis Jones or Cory Brandon at right tackle. The depth took a hit when center Jason Hannan left early in training camp and sophomore guard Alex Williams chose to leave after spring practice. The group struggled against the Sooners' talented defensive line, allowing Sam Bradford to be touch-sacked twice in three possessions in the spring game and produced only 27 rushing yards in 52 carries.
Oklahoma State: The loss of veteran center David Washington produced a huge hole in the center of the Cowboys' interior line. Andrew Lewis returns to his natural position, leaving Oklahoma State needing two new starters at guard. Noah Franklin and Jonathan Rush have staked claims to the starting positions with Anthony Morgan and Nick Martinez getting repetitions inside. This group needs to improve if it hopes to equal the standards of previous seasons, when the Cowboys led the Big 12 in rushing each of the last three seasons.
Texas: The tight end was rarely used for the Longhorns after Blaine Irby dislocated his kneecap last season against Rice. He still wasn't ready to go during the spring as Greg Smith, Ahmard Howard, Ian Harris and D.J. Grant all got work. None of them emerged. And with Irby's return remaining iffy, it means the Longhorns again could reduce the use of the tight end and utilize four-receiver sets when they want to move the ball. Don't look for the Longhorns to use the tight end much unless this production improves.
Texas A&M: The Ag
gies were wracked with injuries during the spring as projected starters Lee Grimes, Kevin Matthews and Lucas Patterson were sidelined all spring as A&M was down to only nine healthy offensive linemen for some practices. It still doesn't excuse the lack of offensive production for A&M's starting unit, which produced only 9 yards rushing on 24 carries against Texas A&M's first-string defense. Coach Mike Sherman will be counting on immediate production from an impressive group of incoming freshman at fall practice, but it's fair to characterize the Aggies' offensive line as the team's biggest spring concern -- especially after allowing 39 sacks last season and ranking last in the conference in rushing yards per game.
Texas Tech: The loss of productive starters Daniel Charbonnet and Darcel McBath left a gaping hole at safety for the Red Raiders. Junior Franklin Mitchem earned the free safety position leaving spring practice and redshirt freshman Cody Davis emerged at strong safety.Jared Flannel , Brett Dewhurst and converted linebacker Julius Howard also got some snaps at safety. It will still be a challenge to combat the explosive Big 12 defenses with such an inexperienced group at the position.


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Serving Size: 1 Softgel
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Cathedral, Coronado, Las Cruces Still On Top
Saturday, February 4, 2012 - 12:03am
The top team in the city and two district leaders were winners Friday night. First year head coach Peter Morales and the Coronado T-Birds remained in first place in district 1-5A defeating El Dorado 36-35. Cathedral, meanwhile, welcomed in Mayfield from Las Cruces and never trailed winning 45-36. Speaking of Las Cruces, the Bulldawgs remain undefeated in District 3-5A beating Alamogordo on the road tonight 71-52 to hold on to the top ranking in the State of New Mexico.
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"It's a tragic accident. Unfortunately, it's the kind of thing that every researcher, every veterinarian faces with these types of animals whenever you sedate them."
Related quotes
"The best doctor in the world is a veterinarian. He can't ask his patients what is the matter -- he's got to just know."
"How would you like it if your veterinarian called and left the following message on your answer machine -- 'Sir, do you remember your dog, Poopsy, I hope you have a picture of her, she's dead,'"
"I want to be a veterinarian when I grow up, because I really, really like helping animals and being with animals, ... I've just liked that for a long time."
"The state veterinarian made a note of it and put him on the injured list. It was just a mild little thing and not a problem at all. It won't cost him any time."
"After complete discussion with our veterinarian, the State Veterinarian, and counsel of veterinarians in surrounding states, we feel that in the best interest of the horse industry, and as a precautionary health measure, Billings Livestock would take the lead and postpone our horse sale events."


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asmith photos: Josh Harmony
05.31.2012 //
This week Aaron Smith brings you a bunch of photos of Josh Harmony. Check out some stories and flicks of one of our favorite skateboarders/musicians.
This week Aaron Smith brings you a bunch of photos of Josh Harmony. Check out some stories and flicks of one of our favorite skateboarders/musicians.
We got an exclusive Nick Garcia interview to coincide with his Etnies video part released today and to hype up the Element Am video, Future Nature, that's dropping soon with Nick and the rest of the Element ams.
Foundation's Taylor Smith is this week's star of the Tuesday 25. Check out his picks for favorites and get hyped for the new Foundation video WTF premiering at the end of the month
Check out the promo for Venue Skateshop's upcoming video. It contains 6 min of quality shredding by Richmond, VA's finest. Available for preorder at the link below or at the shop August 30th for $10.00. Photos here.
One of the AZ's finest, Marty Murawski gives us this week's Tuesday 25 for Skateboardermag.com
Just a little tribute with some Lewis Marnell photos that I shot on a 2010 Volcom trip to Sydney. I still can't believe that Lewis is gone. His positive personality and stylish skating made a huge impact on everyone he met. R.I.P. Lewis Marnell 1983-2013.
We got advance copies of the new issue and decided to surprise Danlu with his first cover… Peep the photos here.
Aaron Smith brings you part one of the Free Ride trip complements of Monster Energy. Click through to check out the flicks.
Jonathan Mehring documents NYC's GSD. Check out the photos.
Slappy Sundays. A weekly skate event in NYC complete with Mobile skate shop and bro sesh featuring Zered Bassett, Joel Meinholz, Curtis Rapp, and Billy Rohan.
Dan Lu risks impalement.
A film photo from Leo Romero's full length interview in the new issue of Skateboarder Magazine.


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i think thats an interesting point. Rudy, if the WR's YAC is independent from the QB, wouldn't the WR be valued more equally with a QB? I know we are seeing more freak big play individual TD efforts. But the other 99% of the time, if the wr could take any pass thrown by the QB and simply turn and score a TD of his own volition, wouldn't WRs be more sought and paid than QBs? If what your position really presents were true, we'd see teams leaguewide not have a need for a franchise qb really, any gradkowski who can just loft one up in a WRs general area is now good enough, bc all the QB is required to do is just get it in his area, doesnt matter where really. bc if he catches it, he should score or break a lot of YAC regardless...
Married to the message board mafia leader.
Does the fact the ball is thrown into Cruz's gut/numbers in stride on the fly really not register as having to be necessary for Cruz to break that one?
Married to the message board mafia leader.


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I saw this exact same slipcover in a specialty catalog for $60 more than I paid here at Overstock.com. It is absolutely beautiful. It was a little more difficult to put on than the chair slipcovers, but that was due to its size. However, the arms were clearly marked, as well as the front and back. It only took a few minutes and it was on and looks fantastic! I'm so pleased with my purchase, I plan on doing a lot more shopping with Overstock.com!
Nice cover -but it does have an odd texture to it. The background color is a dingy yellow color, which happened to work well in my room. I have not laundered it yet. K
This sofa cover is a gold background not ivory as in the picture. I think maybe the photo is for another cover I've see elsewhere. The fabric is a course texture and thin.
I bought these slip covers for our family room to dress up our old sofas. We have an infant and we didn't want to purchase new sofas until she is a bit older. These slipcovers are wonderful and would recommend them to everyone! Our family room looks so much better! We live at the beach so the whole cottage rose theme is very cheery and suits our home. The only thing I will say is that the background is a bit more yellow gold than it appears in the picture but it is still very pretty! A great buy!!!!!
Well made, generous sizing. My sofa is a t-cushion front and this cover easily fit and adapted to it. The fabric is a light woven canvas, soft golden tone ,not true tan.
The Spring Floral slipcover created exactly the look I wanted in my small living room. My sofa is in excellent shape, but didn't really go with the new paint colors. The slip cover was easy to put on and looks great. I've used Sure Slip products before and have always been pleased with the long lasting quality. I'm very happy with the results.
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Lady Gaga Fans at US Airways Center
By Melissa Fossum
The Evolution of the Metal Stage Show and the End of...
By Lauren Wise
By New Times
The Story of Kalliope, Phoenix's Extraordinary Party Car
By Amanda Savage
By Jason P. Woodbury
How a Single Tweet Launched A Cloud for Climbing
By Troy Farah
By New Times
Unfortunately, Lauper's career began a slow decline through the late '80s and, despite a couple of comeback attempts in the '90s, she never attained anything like the acclaim she had in the earliest days of her career as a multihued, brassy-voiced songwriter from Queens. (It probably didn't help that she followed up Unusual with "The Goonies R Good Enough" which was not to The Goonies as Ray Parker Jr.'s "Ghostbusters" was to Ghostbusters.) Sure, Cher gets points for persistence, but, musically, has never shined as brightly as Lauper once did. In a just world, Cyndi would be in Cher's shoes though hopefully not in her clothes.
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Can I Grow These Crop Alltogether?
Hello Everyone,
Please suggest, can I grow all these crops alltogether:
I am going to manufacture L=20 x W=16 x H x 7-8 feet wooden plastic tunnel. Tunnel will be fully exposed to full sun all day long & there will be five windows for ventelation measuring 1.5 X 1.5 square feet each, among which three will be at the top of roof & remaining two will be at the 16 feet wide side facing two exhaust fans at the other end.
I want to know can i grow hydroponically
1: Parthenocarpic cucumbers +
2: Tomatoes +
3: Bitter Gourds +
4: Melons or Watermelons or Round Gourds
(Four crops total)
at the same time. Summer heat is coming ahead & outside temperature may raise to 45-48 maximum but i will be able to lower down the temperature any where between 25 or as per requirement.
Please let me know can i grow above crops all together?
What could be possible benefits?
What could be possible drawbacks?
Please share your experience in this concern.
looking forward for help & suggestions.
Thanks In Advance.
These crops can all be grown in hydro and they do well. Make sure you use a different res for each crop as to ensure proper growing variables for each plant. Maintain heat at night and allow ventilation during day, keeping temps in the 78f range. Make sure res temps stay around 72-75f to prevent mold and other nuisances growing.
These crops are all heavy feeders and drinkers. In hydro, you must remember that the larger the reservoir, the slower variations in ph, tds, temps etc will be. You want that.
You do not mention the type of system you plan on using, but i recommend a diy dwc system for those....large res size and lots and lots of oxygen to the root zone will give you crops that will leave you amazed
I am new to hydro so need to know the following too:
1: Yes, I know these all crops can be grown in hydro but I am talking about to grow them in single
20 x 16 feet greenhouse alltogether at the same time.
For example: If all the four crops can be sown on 1st May 2012....? Plz re-confirm.
Moreover should I maintain greenhouse temp at 78f range for each four crops from seedlings to full maturity or there will be some variables?
2: If the pollen grains (cross pollination) of any kind of vegetable effect any other kind of vegetable resulting in deformed fruit shapes, un-uniformity or show adverse reaction in any way..?
For example cross pollination among tomato, bitter gourd or watermelon?
4: I have an idea to use a fan for a pollination purposes. I want to temporarily place a fan under targeted plant & blow air upwards for 30-60 secs daily that may spread pollen grains in a small scale backyard greenhouse. Please comment.
I have a diagram in a link below & that is self explanatory.
5: Is it necessory to maintain humidity in greenhouse....? I don't want to use eveporationg cooling pads in my greenhouse. If humidity is necessory how much average percentage it should be at for all four crops grown at same time in a single greenhouse...?
Please reply.
Here is a link that might be useful:
AZ the temperature ranges K mentions above are ideal. If they vary from those temps, the plants will still grow. the farther they are from those temps the slower, but(in general) the plants will still grow. Good luck keeping a greenhouse with full sun in the summer anywhere near 78ðF
Humidity is not critical for plants. In high heat, a lower humidity is actually better as it allows the plant to transpire more water to keep cool.
Cross pollination normally won't occur across species and even when it does occur within the species, the result is seen in the next generation of plant (from the seeds) not in the fruit of the current season.
you can start all those crops at the same time, but the days to maturity for each may be different.
also, you can grow them all in the same nutrient if they all like the same relative strength of nutrient. Just recognize that in combining them all in the same reservoir, you won't me maximizing the nutrients. some plants will use more of some nutrients than others. the least available needed nutrient is what will restrict the plants growth.


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I Wasn't Asking...
Submitted by Viperscale on Mon, 01/21/2013 - 16:22. Permalink
... everyone here knows it's Rand. But their are people here who have been trying to say that they want Alex Jones as the next leader of our movement (or the next Ron Paul). If you don't believe me just read the posts from a few weeks ago. There were people saying he is our next leader.
We need to get an early start on 2016: Support Rand PAC 2016
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Hi Psylocke fans!
Psylocke is battling in a popularity contest over at https://forums.marvelheroes.com/discussion/4517/next-heroes/p1 right now, and she's currently losing to Gambit and Ghost Rider and roughly tied with Nightcrawler for third.
If any of you could take a minute to register and vote for her, that would be awesome! If you're interested in video games, you can also download the game hosting the poll on Steam or at www.marvelheroes.com and play for free. The better Psylocke does in the poll, the more likely she'll be a playable character soon, too, which would give plenty of inspiration for awesome artwork!