text:
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Central European Journal of Biology
* E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Research Article
1Department of Life Science and Bio-informatics, Assam University,
788011 Silchar, India
2Department of Zoology, Gauhati University,
781014 Guwahati, India
Mehnaz Mazumdar1,*, Sarbani Giri1, Saptadeepa Roy2
Author copy
Role of vitamin E-acetate on cisplatin
induced genotoxicity: An in vivo analysis
1. Introduction
Vitamin E, the most potent lipid peroxyl radical
scavenger, has profound significance of being an
antioxidant, [1] a neuroprotector [2,3], and a protector
against atherosclerosis, carcinogenesis [4,5] and
cardiovascular disease [6]. It also has the property
of being a strong anti-inflammatory agent [7].
Vitamin E has been reported to enhance radiation-
exposed genotoxicity [8], cause harmful effects on
some cigarette smokers [9] and has antimutagenic
potential against the effects of various harmful
chemicals, drugs and metal elements. In one study
with vitamin E and chemotherapeutic drug Adriamycin
it was observed that the lethality of the drug was
reduced by administration of vitamin E-acetate, which
reduced the drug-induced lipid peroxidation [10]. In
another study, vitamin E-succinate enhanced the
cytotoxic effects of Adriamycin on human prostrate
cancer cells in vitro [11]. It has been observed that
vitamin E supplementation prior to cisplatin treatment
had shown protective role against cisplatin induced
nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity [12,13]. However,
there is insufficient data on the effects of vitamin
E on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vivo. Most of
the conducted studies on antioxidative/prooxidant
effect of vitamin E have been conducted in vitro.
The little available data and literature on vitamin E
genotoxicity and its behavior with chemotherapeutic
agents lead to a highly confusing, contradictory and
inconclusive scenario. Hence further research needs
to be conducted to determine the role of vitamin E
when acting with chemotherapeutic agents in order
to protect the gene pool from the genotoxic potential
of such drugs. This work is an attempt to evaluate
the genotoxic potential of cisplatin and the modulatory
effects of various doses of vitamin E-acetate with
cisplatin in somatic and germ cells in vivo.
Cent. Eur. J. Biol. • 7(2) • 2012 • 334-342
DOI: 10.2478/s11535-012-0001-z
Received 29 July 2011; Accepted 13 December 2011
Keywords: Vitamin E-acetate • Cisplatin • Chromosomal aberration assay • Micronucleus assay • Sperm head abnormality assay
Abstract: Vitamin E has generated immense interest because of its potential of being an antioxidant, a neuroprotector, and a protector against
atherosclerosis, carcinogenesis and cardiovascular disease. However, the prooxidant chemistry of vitamin E cannot be ignored
since it is related to the generation of peroxyl radicals. In the present study, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of vitamin E-acetate (VE)
administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to Balb/C mice significantly induced 6%, 8% and 11.33% (control value=2.33%) of chromosome
aberrations (CA) and 0.88%, 1.39% and 1.81% (control value=0.61%) of micronucleus (MN), following 24 hour of treatment in
the bone marrow cells. In the germ cells, VE did not induce any sperm head abnormality (SHA) after 35 days of exposure. Most
importantly, it has been observed that pre-treatment with VE significantly reduces CA, MN, and SHA induction by chemotherapeutic
drug cisplatin (CIS). Our findings suggest that lone treatment with VE induce genotoxicity in somatic cells after 24 and 48 hours of
exposure but not in germ cells after 35 days of exposure, whereas pre-treatment with VE reduces CIS induced genotoxicity as well
as cytotoxicity. There exists a thin line of difference on the behavioral transition of VE when acting alone and when acting with a drug.
© Versita Sp. z o.o.
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M. Mazumdar et al.
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1 Chemicals
Cisplatin (CIS) bearing CAS number 15663-27-1 was
obtained from Cadila Pharmaceuticals, India. Colchicine
and vitamin E-acetate bearing CAS number 7695-91-2,
chemical formula C31H52O3 and molecular weight of
472.76 were purchased from Sigma chemicals Co.
(St. Louis, MO). Giemsa stain was purchased from
HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, India. All other chemicals
used were of analytical grade. All other chemical
solutions were freshly prepared in distilled water prior to
Author copy
2.2 Test animals
The experiments were carried out in accordance with
the Animal Ethics Committee of Assam University, India.
Inbred strain of Balb/C mice (male and female) between
6-8 weeks old, weighing 25-30 gram, maintained at
room temperature at 25.0±5.0ºC with 12 h dark and 12 h
light cycle were used for the study. The animals were
purchased from Pasteur Institute (Shillong, India). They
were maintained with standard food pellets and water
provided ad libitum.
2.3 Dose and treatment
CIS (4 mg/kg b.w.) was used through i.p. route in an
aqueous medium. Vitamin E of three different doses
(VE1=125, VE2=250, VE3=500mg/kg/b.w)
selected and administered intraperitoneally (i.p) for 5
consecutive days prior to the drug administration. Vitamin
E-acetate was freshly prepared every time in ethanol
solvent and the amount of vitamin E was injected based
on dose, dilution factor and, most importantly, animal's
body weight. The animals tolerated all three doses of
anti-oxidants without any physical signs of toxicity.
2.4 Chromosome aberrations (CA) assay
The CA assay was carried out as described by Preston
et al. [14] and Krishna and Theiss [15] with minor
modifications. Experimental animals were injected with
2 mg/kg b.w of colchicine 1.5 h prior to sacrifice following
24 h and 48 h of the treatment of test chemicals. Bone
marrow cells were collected by flushing with 0.56% KCl
(pre-warmed at 37°C) from femur bone and incubated
for 20 min at 37°C. The material was centrifuged at
1000 rpm for 5 min, fixed with aceto-methanol (1:3)
followed by refrigeration for 30 min. The material
was centrifuged and re-suspended in fresh aceto-
methanol. The slides were prepared by dropping the
sample on chilled slides and running over the flame.
Staining was done in 5% buffered Giemsa stain (pH
7.0) after 24 h, air-dried and covered with cover slips.
At least 100 well-spread metaphase plates were
studied per animal for CA as indicated in Table 1 and 2.
By this technique we can observe under microscope
genetic disturbances like breaks, gaps, exchanges,
robertsonian translocation, sister chromatid union and
many more additional types (Figure 1).The mitotic index
was calculated from a scan of 2000 cells per animal.
Mitotic index for cytotoxicity evaluation was calculated
as percentage of dividing cells out of total bone marrow
Cells (n)
Aberrant cells (Total)
% Aberrant
cells ± S.D
mean ± SD
mean ± SD
Suppression (%)
Coni.p 305/3 82.61±0.48 7 10 0 0002.30±0.54 2.62±0.48
VE1i.p 300/3 217.00±2.36 6 42 0 5416.00±1.78 7.33±1.25
VE2i.p 300/322 7.33±1.8619 6 1 2 4008.00±.54**
10.33±2.25 ***
VE3 i.p 300/3 289.33±0.51 18 1 7 8 43211.33±1.36***
15.32±2.25 ***
CISi.p 300/37324.33±3.14 61 4 6 1 712 1433.33±2.25ab
VE1+CISi.p300/37525.00±1.54105 415 828831.66±0.51c
VE2+CISi.p300/36220.66±8.4555 1114 7361120.66±8.45a*
21 64 3 221013.00±3.22bc**
Table 1. Frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of mice induced by anticancer agent cisplatin (CIS) and protective
intervention by various doses of antioxidant vitamin E-acetate (VE) at 24 hour of treatment.
Con - Solvent vehicle was given; CIS - Cisplatin (4 mg/kg/bw); Vitamin E-acetate: VE1=125 mg/kg/bw; VE2=250 mg/kg/bw;
VE3=500 mg/kg/bw; i.p - Intraperitoneal; SCU - Sister chromatid union; R.T - Robertsonian translocation. Groups bearing the same
superscript are significantly different from each other [b, c, f = P<0.01; a = P<0.05]; Groups bearing the any of the following symbol is
significantly different from the Control groups, * = P<0.05; ** = P<0.01; *** = P<0.001.
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Role of vitamin E-acetate on cisplatin
induced genotoxicity: An in vivo analysis
cells counted. The suppression percentage of CA was
calculated as follows:
100 −(percent incidence of aberrant cells in vitamin E
pre-treated and CIS post treated groups / percent
incidence of aberrant cells in only CIS treated group × 100).
2.5 Micronucleus (MN) assay
After appropriate time of treatment (24 or 48 hour post
treatment), the animals were sacrificed by cervical
dislocation and MN slides were prepared as described
by Schmid [16] with minor modifications. The bone
marrow cells were flushed out and collected in 0.9%
NaCl (pre-warmed at 37°C). Bone marrow smear was
prepared, air-dried and fixed in absolute methanol
for 10 minutes. Staining of the slides were done with
5% buffered Giemsa (pH 7.0) on the following day.
The slides were mounted in DPX using cover slips.
Minimum of 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE)
and corresponding normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE)
were scored per animal. The PCEs stain light blue to
gray and NCEs stain light pink to light yellow.
2.6 Sperm head abnormality (SHA) assay
The protocol of Wyrobek and Bruce [17] was followed
for analyzing sperm head abnormalities. Experimental
animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after
35 days of treatment. Both the cauda epididymis were
dissected out and placed in 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl. The
sperms were released by mechanical disruption and
washing of the epididymis. The suspension was sieved
through two layers of muslin cloth to remove tissue
debris. A drop of the suspension was taken on a clean
slide and a smear was made, air-dried, fixed in absolute
methanol for 10 minutes. The slides were stained
in the following day in 0.1% eosin Y for 10 minutes.
One thousand sperm per animal were scored and the
abnormalities categorized based on Wyrobek and Bruce
categorization of various types of abnormal sperm.
The following types of abnormal headed sperm were
considered in the present study: Normal, Hookless,
Hooked, Giant, Dwarf, Altered head, Triangular, Banana,
Needle, Amorphous and Beaked.
2.7 Statistical analysis
ANOVA was used to determine the significance of
genetic parameters. Pair wise comparison of significance
between the different groups was determined using
Tukey's test. ANOVA values were calculated using
GraphPad Prism Version 4.03 (Graph pad Inc., San
Diego, CA, USA).
3. Results
3.1 Chromosome aberration assay
In Table 1 (24 hour study) and 2 (48 hour study),
metaphase chromosomes of bone marrow cells of the
treated animals were analyzed for various types of
Figure 1. Photomicrographs of murine bone marrow metaphase spreads (A-E), PCE and NCE (F-J) and epididymal sperm cells (K-R). A:
Showing metaphase chromosomes with breaks (long arrows). B: Showing chromosomes having exchange (long arrow). C: Showing
chromosome with robertsonian translocation (long arrows). D: Showing chromosomes with gaps (long arrows). E: Showing Sister
chromatid union (arrow) F: Normal PCE (short arrow) and Normal NCE (long arrows). G: PCE with MN. H: PCE with MN (short arrows)
and NCE with MN (long arrow). I-J: NCE with MN (long arrow). K: Sperm with normal head. L: Sperm having beak shaped head (arrow).
M: Sperm with hook shaped head. N: Sperm with altered head. O: Sperm having banana shaped head. P: Sperm with a dwarf head
shape. Q-R: Sperm with amorphous shaped head.
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M. Mazumdar et al.
CAs. The major types of aberrations induced by CIS
treated groups were breaks, exchanges, robertsonian
translocations, gaps, and sister chromatid unions
(Figure 1A-E). The most frequent type of aberrations
observed was chromatid breaks. The CAs induced by
the drug CIS was found to be significantly high (P<0.001)
compared to the control group.
In the lone vitamin E-acetate treated groups it was
observed that the middle (VE2) and highest dose (VE3)
of vitamin E-acetate induce significant level of CAs
(VE2=P<0.01; VE3=P<0.001) compared to control group
in the 24 hour study. Similarly in the 48 hour study it
was observed that the highest dose of vitamin E-acetate
(VE3) induced significant level of CAs (P<0.001).
In the vitamin E-acetate supplemented groups with
CIS it was observed that there was a gradual decline
in the incidence of CAs compared to only CIS treated
groups in both 24 and 48 hour study. The lowest dose
(125 mg/kg/bw) showed no significant reduction in
CAs. In 24 hour study the middle dose (250 mg/kg/bw)
showed significant reduction (P<0.05). Also, in 48 hour
study, it showed reduced incidence of aberrations
(P<0.01). In both 24 and 48 hour study the highest
dose (500 mg/kg/bw) showed highest level of reduction
(P<0.01), which clearly indicates that there is a dose-
dependent decrease in CA index. The percent of
aberrant cells also declined with increase in dose and
the suppression percentage was found to be 5.46%,
17.79% and 42.45% in 24 hour study and 5.35%,
37.51% and 41.05% in the 48 hour study, respectively
(Table 1 and 2).
3.2 Micronucleus assay
MN study was conducted based on the incidence of the
frequency of MN in PCES'and cytotoxicity study was
based on the ratio of PCE/NCE. It was observed that
CIS (4 mg/kg/bw) induced significant level (P<0.001) of
MN in PCEs in both 24 and 48 hour study (Figure 1G-H).
It was also observed that the PCE/NCE ratio was found
to be statistically significant (P<0.05 in 24 hour study)
when compared to control groups (Table 3).
In the 24 hour vitamin E-acetate treated groups, it
was observed that the middle (VE2) and highest dose
(VE3) of vitamin E-acetate induced significant level of
MN in PCEs' (VE2=P<0.01; VE3=P<0.001) compared
to control groups. So, also in the 48 hour study it was
observed that the highest dose of vitamin E-acetate
(VE3) induced significant MN in PCEs' (P<0.05).
In combination treatment with vitamin E-acetate
and CIS, it was observed that with the increase in
vitamin E-acetate doses there was gradual decline in
the incidence of MN. In both 24 and 48 hour study it
was observed that the middle and the highest dose of
vitamin E-acetate generated protection to CIS induced
genotoxicity from 4.28±0.22 (only CIS treated, 24 hour)
to 2.81±0.21 and 1.15±0.08 (P<0.001) respectively
and from 3.30±0.20 (only CIS treated, 48 hour)
to 2.58±0.18 (P<0.01) and 0.76±0.13 (P<0.001)
respectively. A 24 hour comparative study between
the different vitamin E-acetate treated groups indicate
that there is significant difference in decline (P<0.001)
of MN between low, middle and high dose of vitamin
E-acetate. Also, in 48 hour study, it was observed that
Total Cells (n)
Aberrant cells (Total)
% Aberrant
cells ± S.D
mean ± SD
mean ± SD
Suppression (%)
Coni.p 305/382.61±0.484 4 0 7 0002.30±0.512.30±1.05
VE1i.p 300/310 3.33±1.36 3 31 0 3203.00±0.894.00±1.54
VE2i.p 300/3134.32±1.3512 3 1 1 0205.00±1.54 6.33±2.87
VE3 i.p300/328 9.33±0.51 20 19 8 43112.66±0.51***
CISi.p 300/35618.66±1.0332 56 0579 19.66±1.86de
VE1+CISi.p 300/3 5317.66±0.5130 210 145417.66±0.5118.66±0.515.35
VE2+CISi.p 300/33511.65±2.87**
18 1 7 443311.66±2.87d**
VE3+CISi.p 300/33311.00±0.89**
15 1 6 2444 11.00±0.89e**
Table 2. Frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of mice induced by anticancer agent cisplatin (CIS) and protective
intervention by various doses of antioxidant vitamin E-acetate (VE) at 48 hour of treatment.
Con - Solvent vehicle was given; CIS - Cisplatin (4 mg/kg/bw); Vitamin E-acetate: VE1=125 mg/kg/bw; VE2=250 mg/kg/bw;
VE3=500 mg/kg/bw; i.p - Intraperitoneal; SCU - Sister chromatid union; R.T - Robertsonian translocation. Groups bearing the same
superscript are significantly different from each other [d, e, g, h = P<0.01]. Groups bearing the any of the following symbol is significantly
different from the Control groups, **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.
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Role of vitamin E-acetate on cisplatin
induced genotoxicity: An in vivo analysis
Total PCE
Total PCE
with MN
PCE with MN
Mean ± SD
Total NCE studied
Mean ± SD
24 Hour study:
Con-6005/3370.61±0.204135 1.40±0.02
VE1i.p6000/3 530.88±0.1140451.48±0.06
VE2 i.p 6001/3841.39±0.23**
4279 1.39±0.02
VE3i.p 6000/393 1.81±0.06***
CISi.p6000/3 257 4.28±0.22***
VE1+CIS i.p 6000/32344.06±0.15ab
VE2+CISi.p6000/3169 2.81±0.21ac***
VE3+CIS i.p6000/3691.15±0.08bc***
3071 1.95±0.04
48 Hour study:
Con -6005/337 0.64±0.22 4135 1.46±0.06
VE1 i.p6000/3 450.75±0.11 3875 1.54±0.06
VE2i.p6000/3 490.81±0.1642421.40±0.01
VE3 i.p6000/353 1.05±0.04*
CIS i.p 6000/31983.30± 0.20***
2998 2.00±0.07
VE1+CISi.p6000/3 195 3.24±0.12de2928 2.05±0.08
VE2+CIS i.p6000/3 1552.58±0.18df**
3037 1.97±0.03
Table 3. Frequency of Micronucleus (MN) in the bone marrow cells of mice induced by cisplatin (CIS) and intervention studies by various doses
of antioxidant vitamin E-acetate (VE).
Con - Solvent vehicle was given. CIS - Cisplatin (4 mg/kg/bw); Vitamin E-acetate: VE1=125 mg/kg/bw; VE2=250 mg/kg/bw;
VE3=500 mg/kg/bw; i.p - Intraperitoneal; PCE - Polychromatic Erythrocytes; NCE - Normochromatic Erythrocytes; n - Total number of
animals; Groups bearing the same superscript are significantly different from each other [a, b, c, e, f = P<0.001; d = P<0.01]; Groups
bearing the any of the following symbol are significantly different from the Control groups, * = P<0.05; ** = P<0.01; *** = P<0.001.
the difference between the reduction in MN in the low
and middle dose and low and high dose was found to be
statistically significant to the level P<0.01 and P<0.001,
respectively; the difference between middle and high
dose was found to be statistically significant as well
(P<0.001). It was also observed that increase in vitamin
E-acetate doses gradually improved the ratio of PCE/
NCE (Table 3).
3.3 Sperm head abnormality assay
Analysis of abnormal sperm after 35 days of exposure to
CIS treated groups for abnormality in head morphology
like amorphous, beaked, hooked, hookless, altered
head, triangular, banana, giant, dwarf, double-headed,
etc. showed significant increase (P<0.001) when
compared to control groups. The amorphous form was
found to be the most frequent type of abnormality over
other types (Figure 1 L-R).
In vitamin E-acetate treated groups as observed
in Table 4, there was dominant decline in the SHA
with the gradual increase in doses. The lowest dose
(125 mg/kg/bw) reduced the percentage of aberrant
sperm from 8.58±0.16 (only CIS treated) to 6.78±0.23
(P<0.01) in lowest dose, 5.63±0.27 (P<0.001) in the
middle dose and 4.16±0.29 (P<0.001) in the highest
dose. A comparative analysis of all the doses show
that the middle and the highest dose deliver significant
reduction in % aberrant sperm compared to the lowest
dose to the level P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively.
The highest dose delivers better reduction in abnormal
sperm compared to the middle dose (P<0.05).
4. Discussion
In the present work, it was observed that lone treatment
with vitamin E-acetate induced significant CAs in the
middle (VE2) and high (VE3) dose of vitamin E-acetate
(Table 1 and 2). In case of the MN test, the middle (VE2)
and high (VE3) doses of vitamin E-acetate induced
significant level of MN frequency (Table 3). However,
in the SHA test, there was no induction of SHA in all
the vitamin E-acetate treated groups (Table 4). This
indicates that doses of vitamin E-acetate administered
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M. Mazumdar et al.
Fixation time (D)
Total sperm cells studied
Total aberrant sperm cells studied
Types of abnormalities studied
% Aberration mean
Hook less
Altered head
Con-35 3005/3101500027 16 160013.36±0.64
VE1i.p35 3046/3129 55 0020 20 17 4012 04.40±0.44
VE2 i.p353002/39432 122115921813.13±0.10
VE3 i.p35 3012/35814 246111 12 2111.92±0.54
CIS i.p35 3040/3 26175 046518 2939 031 08.58±0.16***
VE1+CISi.p 35 3006/32047214381534301816.78±0.23ab**
VE2+CIS i.p35 3000/3 1697001367 23310205.63±0.27ac***
VE3+CIS i.p353000/3 1345022 286 21150204.16±0.29bc***
Table 4. Frequency of sperm head abnormality (SHA) in mice induced by cisplatin (CIS) and intervention with various doses of antioxidant vitamin
E-acetate (VE).
Con - Solvent vehicle was given. CIS - Cisplatin (4 mg/kg/bw); Vitamin E-acetate: VE1=125 mg/kg/bw; VE2=250 mg/kg/bw;
VE3=500 mg/kg/bw; i.p - Intraperitoneal; D - days. Groups bearing the same superscript are significantly different from each other [b =
P<0.001; a = P<0.01; c = P<0.05]; Groups bearing the any of the following symbols are significantly different from the Control groups, *
to animals generate differential response to different cell
types. It appears that somatic cells were more vulnerable
to high doses of vitamin E-acetate than the germ cells,
which were more resistant towards the chemical. It is
believed that germ cells are highly specialized cells
that have greater longevity and possess high genomic
stability compared to somatic cells [18,19]. If that is the
case, there appears to be some unknown mechanism
by which the germ cells surpass the damage induced
by higher doses of vitamin E-acetate. However, further
research and studies need to be conducted on the
somatic and germ cells and their response towards
vitamin E-acetate to derive any conclusions. However,
the results indicate that there are various aspects to the
biochemistry and behavior of vitamin E-acetate which,
in addition to its antioxidative properties, may also have
the attribute of genotoxic potential based on the doses
and duration employed.
In the present study, it was quite interesting to observe
that doses of vitamin E-acetate was found to be genotoxic
to somatic cells when administered alone, however
showed protection against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity
in all the three parameters studied. Cisplatin had induced
a very significant level of chromosomal aberrations and
micronucleus formation in both 24 and 48 hour studies
as well as sperm head abnormalities after 35 days of
exposure. We know cisplatin is a known anti-tumor
agent which reacts with DNA by various mechanisms. It
interacts with DNA to produce cross-linked DNA adducts
that activate checkpoint signaling pathways and thereby
induces apoptosis [20]. The major DNA adducts are the
intrastrand cross-links that form between two adjacent
guanines and between an adjacent adenine and guanine.
In addition, small quantities of monofunctional adduct,
DNA-protein cross-links and DNA-interstrand cross-
links are also produced [21]. Free radical formation
may be another very important mechanism in the
development of cisplatin-induced genotoxicity [22-25]. It
was observed that there was a significant decline in the
level of chromosomal damage (Table 1 and 2), MN index
(Table 3) and SHA (Table 4), mostly at the higher doses of
vitamin E-acetate (P<0.001). The data suggest that there
is a dose dependent suppression of genotoxicity induced
by cisplatin with vitamin E-acetate supplementation. It is
difficult to justify such findings. However, considering the
biochemistry and behavior of both this chemicals, it can
be assumed that vitamin E-acetate when acting alone
releases peroxyl radicals capable of inducing genetic
damage in absence of sufficient and proper amounts of
radical stabilizing counterparts. However, when both of
these agents are administered one after another, there is
a probability that radical generation could be inhibited as
one counterpart is capable of stabilizing the other through
redox reactions.
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Role of vitamin E-acetate on cisplatin
induced genotoxicity: An in vivo analysis
Previous work on vitamin E had shown that there
is a dose related effectiveness of the chemical against
oxidative stress in a linear trend with maximum reduction
at higher doses [26]. Similarly, in our study, it was
observed that there was also dose dependent linear
response of vitamin E-acetate with the highest dose
(VE3), providing maximum protection (P<0.001). We
have also observed in all our time-dependent studies
(24 hour and 48 hour) that there is a correlation between
changes in the level of genotoxicity/genoprotectivity
induced by the chemicals over time. The chromosomal
aberration and micronucleus pattern revealed that
the total number of aberrant metaphases was noticed
to be highest at 24 h of treatment, which decreased
appreciably during 48 h. It has been reported that
chemicals in general produce the highest frequency of
aberrations in rodents 24 h after single exposure, which
roughly coincides with the normal 22–24 h length of the
cell cycle. However, decrease in aberrations during later
periods could be due to possibilities such as elimination
of damaged cells, the removal of drug from the body,
DNA repair process, etc. In fact, an involvement of
post-replication repair process in cisplatin-induced DNA
damage has been established [27].
Vitamin E had exhibited protection against various
toxic elements both in vivo and in vitro. Its function as
a protectant against genotoxicity is dependent upon its
ability to break radical-propagated chain reactions. As
a result, the formation of the tocopheroxyl radical, the
odd-electron derivative of vitamin E, is an inherent part
of any vitamin E-based antioxidative reaction [28]. As a
matter of fact, lipid-soluble antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol
in biological membranes, reacts with many oxidant
molecules. It helps in protection of cell membranes
from lipid peroxidation by trapping peroxyl radicals. It
involves the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the OH
group of the tocopherol by a peroxyl (oxidant) molecule.
Upon the formation of the tocopheroxyl radical from a
reaction between vitamin E and an oxidant molecule,
the radical formed is free to interact with another peroxyl
radical. This reaction generates a stable tocopheroxyl
radical which does not further propagate radical chains.
This tocopheroxyl radical can be regenerated to alpha-
tocopherol by an electron donor, like vitamin C, and is
thereby able to maintain cellular antioxidant protection
over a period of time [5]. This mechanism can be
conceptualized to be involved in neutralizing the free
radicals generated by our test drug cisplatin and hence
involvement of vitamin E-acetate in minimizing DNA
In one previous work with vitamin E (20 mg/kg)
at 24 hour pretreatment in mice, the vitamin E was
found to deliver 100% protection to the lethal dose of
iron; additionally, when given within 5 to 60 minutes of
acute iron intoxication, vitamin E reduced mortality to
nearly 75% [29]. Oxidative stress may be involved in
chronic renal failure. To illustrate this and to study the
role of vitamin E supplementation in this aspect [30], it
was established that vitamin E supplementation visibly
protected DNA strand breaks in the lymphocytes of
dialysis patients after 14 weeks of therapy, indicating
that vitamin E is capable of neutralizing the oxidants
involved in DNA strand breaks.
In yet another work, application of vitamin E
ameliorated the chromium and/or nickel induced
oxidative stress in the mouse liver. It prevented lipid
peroxidation as well as protected the antioxidative
system [31]. It was demonstrated that vitamin E was
capable of delivering protection from lipid peroxidation,
ionizing radiation and oxidative DNA damage on the
human HCC cell line [32]. Vitamin E supplementation
in patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy
was found to deliver neuroprotection to cisplatin-
induced peripheral neurotoxicity without affecting the
drug efficacy [13]. Vitamin E (400 mg/kg/bw), along
with vitamin C and vitamin A, was found to inhibit
dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) induced hepatoma
in male albino rats, clearly suggesting that vitamins are
capable of preventing oxidative damage associated with
cellular damage [33].
In the present work,
supplementation studies with cisplatin clearly show
that vitamin E-acetate resulted in a very high level of
protection to sperm heads against drug-induced toxicity
and the highest doses reduced the frequency of SHA
to almost 50% when compared to only the drug treated
groups (Table 4). This generates the idea that vitamin
E-acetate is very potent against the genotoxicity induced
by the drug through some probable mechanisms as
stated above. Reactive oxygen species, highly active
oxidants generated by such drugs, may affect the
developing spermatozoa as well. It was stated in one
work that intake of lipid soluble antioxidants like alpha-
tocopherol protects against the oxidative DNA damage
caused by high PUFA diet [34]. In humans it was clearly
and strongly demonstrated that supplementation with
vitamin E and vitamin C in infertile males can improve
semen quality and fertility in patients [35].
Since vitamin E-acetate is an active redox compound
its antioxidant or prooxidant properties depends
on the available reaction partner, concentration of
the reaction partners, and the cellular environment
in which the reaction occurs [36,37]. Thus, vitamin
E-acetate is expected to require a co-agent to become
either beneficial or harmful. There exists a thin line
of difference on the behavioral transition of vitamin
vitamin E-acetate
Author copy
Page 8
M. Mazumdar et al.
E when acting alone and when acting with a drug.
There is a possibility that the prooxidant chemistry of
vitamin E can be directed to be used as a therapeutic
agent against certain somatically derived tumors
cells. Needless to say, further research needs to be
conducted before any conclusion is stated on this
The authors are thankful to Dr. Anirudha Giri and Dr.
Afifa Kausar for their constructive suggestions during
the course of study. This work was supported by the
University Grants Commission, New Delhi, in the form
of senior research fellowship to MM.
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Nothing More, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2007, 43,
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S.C., Rink M., et al., Neuroprotective Properties
of The Natural Vitamin E-acetate α-Tocotrienol,
Stroke., 2005, 36, 2258-2264
[3] Khanna S., Roy S., Parinandi N.L., Maurer M., Sen
C.K., Characterization of the potent neuroprotective
properties of the natural Vitamin E α-tocotrienol,
Neurochem., 2006, 98, 1474-1486
[4] Coulter I.D., Hardy M.L., Morton S.C., Hilton L.G.,
Wenli T., Di Valentine J.D., et al., Antioxidants
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21, 735-744
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[6] Shekelle P.G., Morton S.C., Jungvig L.K., Udani
J., Spar M., Tu W., et al., Effect of Supplemental
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properties of α- and γ-tocopherol, Mol. Aspects
Med., 2007, 28, 668-691
[8] Kumar B.J., Mitra N., Cole W.C., Bedford J.S.,
Prasad K.N., D-Alpha-Tocopheryl
(Vitamin E-acetate) Enhances Radiation-Induced
Chromosomal Damage Levels in Human Cancer
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Col. Nutr., 2002, 21, 339-343
[9] Hemila H., Kaprio
supplementation and pneumonia risk in males
who initiated smoking at an early age: effect
modification by body weight and dietary vitamin C,
Nutr J., 2008, 7:33
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Grotzinger K., Young R.C., Adriamycin: the role
of lipid peroxidation in cardiac toxicity and tumor
response, Science., 1977, 197, 165-167
J., Vitamin E-acetate
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E enhances the chemotherapeutic effects of
adriamycin on human prostatic carcinoma cells in
vitro, J. Urol., 1986,136, 529-531
[12] Appenroth D., Frob S., Kersten L., Splinter F.K.,
Winnefeld K., Protective effects of Vitamin E and C
on Cisplatin nephrotoxicity in developing rats, Arch.
Toxicol, 1997, 71, 677-683
[13] Pace A., Savarese A., Picardo M., Maresca V.,
Pacetti U., Del Monte G., et al., Neuroprotective
Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation in Patients
Treated With Cisplatin Chemotherapy, J. Clin.
Oncol., 2003, 21, 927-931
[14] Preston R.J., Dean B.J., Galloway S., Holden
H., McFe A.F., Shelby M., Mammalian in vivo
cytogenetic assays: analysis of chromosome
aberrations in bone marrow cells, Mutat. Res.,
1987, 189, 157–165
[15] Krishna G., Theiss J.C., Concurrent analysis of
cytogenetic damage in vivo: a multiple endpoint-
multiple tissue approach, Environ. Mol. Mutagen.,
1995, 25, 314–320
[16] Schmid W., The micronucleus test for cytogenetic
analysis. In: Hollaender A editor. Chemical
mutagens: Principles and methods for their
detection, New York: Plenum Press., 1976, 4, 31-53
[17] Wyrobek A.J., Bruce W.R., Induction of sperm
shape abnormalities in mice and humans, In
Chemical Mutagens, Principles and Methods for
their Detection, Plenum Press, New York, 1978
[18] Curran S.P., Wu X., Riedel C.G., Ruvkun, G., A
soma-to-germline transformation in long-lived
Caenorhabditis elegans mutants, Nature, 2009,
459, 1079–1084
[19] Jones D.L., Walk the (Germ) line, Cell Metabolism,
2009, 10, 78-79
[20] Kaminski R., Darbinyan, A., Merabova, N.,
Deshmane, S.L., White, M.K., Khalili, K., Protective
role of Purα to Cisplatin, Cancer Biol Ther., 2008,
7, 1926–1935
[21] Li A.P., Heflich R.H., Genetical Toxicology, CRC
Press, 1991
Author copy
Page 9
Role of vitamin E-acetate on cisplatin
induced genotoxicity: An in vivo analysis
[22] Satoh M., Kashihara N., Fujimoto S., Horike H.,
Tokura T., Namikoshi T., et al., A novel free radical
scavenger, edarabone, protects against cisplatin-
induced acute renal damage in vitro and in vivo,
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2003, 305, 1183-1190
[23] Brozovic A., Ambriović-Ristov A., Osmak M., The
relationship between Cisplatin induced reactive
oxygen species, glutathione and BCL-2 and resistance
to cisplatin, Crit. Rev toxicology., 2010, 40, 347-59
[24] Florea A.M., Büsselberg D., Cisplatin as an Anti-
Tumor Drug: Cellular Mechanisms of Activity, Drug
Resistance and Induced Side Effects, Cancers,
2011, 3, 1351-1371
[25] Masuda H., Tanaka T., Takahama U., Cisplatin
generates superoxide anion by interaction with
DNA in a cell-free system, Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Commun., 1994, 2031, 1175-1180
[26] Jackson R.L., Oates J.A., Linton M.F., Fazio S.,
Meador B.P.M., Gross D., et al., The Relationship
between Dose of
Suppression of Oxidative Stress in Humans, Free
Radic. Biol.Med., 2007, 43, 1388-1393
[27] Sorenson C.M., Eastman A., Mechanism of
cis-diammine- dichloroplatinum_II.-induced
cytotoxicity: Role of G2 arrest and DNA double-
strand breaks, Cancer Res., 1988, 48, 6703–6707
[28] Ingold K., Webb A., Witter D, Burton G., Metcalfe
T., Muller D., Vitamin E-acetate remains the major
lipid soluble chain breaking antioxidant in human
plasma even in individuals suffering severe Vitamin
E-acetate deficiency, Arch. Biochem. Biophys.,
1987, 259, 224-225
[29] Omara F.O., Blakeley B.R., Vitamin E Is Protective
against Iron Toxicity and Iron-Induced Hepatic
Vitamin E-acetate Depletion in Mice, J. Nutr., 1993,
123, 1649-1655
Vitamin E-acetate and
[30] Kan E., Undeger U., Bali M., Basaran N.,
Assessment of DNA strand breakage by the
alkaline COMET assay in dialysis patients and the
role of Vitamin E-acetate supplementation, Mutat.
Res., 2002, 520, 151-159
[31] Rao V.M., Parekh S.S., Chawla L.S., Vitamin E
supplementation ameliorates chromium - and/or
nickel induced oxidative stress in vivo, J. Health
Sci., 2006, 52, 142-147
[32] Fantappie O., Lodovici M., Fabrizio P., Marchetti S.,
Fabbroni V., Solazzo M., et al., Vitamin E-acetate
Protects DNA from Oxidative Damage in Human
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines, Free Radical
Res., 2004, 38, 751-759
[33] Velanganni, A.A., Balasundaram, C., Protective
effect of vitamin A, ascorbic acid and a - tocopherol
on 2, 4-dimethyaminoazobenzene-induced
hepatoma in rats, Curr Sci., 2003, 85, 201-203
[34] Jenkinson A.M., Collin A.R., Duthie S.J., Wahle
K.W.J., Duthie G.G., The effect of increased
intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids sand Vitamin
E-acetate on DNA damage in human lymphocytes,
[35] Nouri
M., Ghasemzadeh
Shahnazi V., Novin M.G., Vitamins C, E and lipid
peroxidation levels in sperm and seminal plasma of
asthenoteratozoospermic and normozoospermic
men, Iranian J. Rep. Med., 2008, 6, 1-5
[36] Brigelius-Flohe R., Induction of drug metabolizing
enzymes by Vitamin E, J Plant Physiol, 2005, 162,
[37] Bowry V.W., Stocker R., Tocopherol-mediated
peroxidation. The pro-oxidant effect of Vitamin E
on the radical-initiated oxidation of human low-
density lipoprotein, J Am Chem. Soc., 1993, 115,
A., Farzadi L.,
Author copy


text:
Posts tagged "dress code"
Girls Asked To Leave School Over Visible Bra Straps
As many as 30 girls were sent home from high schools in Canada last week for wearing sleeveless shirts or tank tops that exposed bra straps. At one high school, boys in sleeveless shirts were also sent home from school. However, the girls were specifically told that their bra straps would be a "distraction" for…
Jessica Wakeman
June 2, 2014
Utah High School Photoshops "Modesty" Into Girls' Yearbook Photos
A high school in Utah has Photoshopped longer sleeves and higher necklines onto female students in its yearbook. Student Shelby Baum, above, even had a tattoo on her collarbone airbrushed out of her photo. Baum and other female students said that many other students had their pictures Photoshopped without their consent, which they say wa…
Jessica Wakeman
May 30, 2014
Indian College Bans Female Students From Wearing Sleeveless Dresses
Oh, dress codes. Women have been banned from wearing sleeveless dresses at a school in Madhya Pradesh, India, because administrators say doing so isn't dressing in a "decent manner." In order to enforce the new rule, the college director stands outside the premises every morning to make sure the students are wearing "decent" attire. Why…
Alyson Penn
July 28, 2013
Even Crucifix Necklaces Are Offensive These Days
While working at an orientation event at Sonoma State University of California, student Audrey Jarvis was asked by her supervisor — twice — to remove or hide her crucifix necklace because she was told it might offend someone or make new students feel unwelcome. What?!?
Mary Odell
July 9, 2013
UPDATE: A Questionable School Dress Code Bans Afro-Puffs
UPDATE, 4:45p.m.: Via Jezebel, Horizon Science Academy has posted an apology on their web site and said it will "correct the information" in its dress code, as well as send out an updated version. [HorizonLorain.org] School dress codes are generally a great thing for kids. The mission statement of the…
Mary Odell
June 24, 2013
Pants Are Finally Legal For Women In Paris
French women are finally legally allowed to wear pants in Paris. Previously they would only allowed to do so while holding horse reins. [Guardian UK] Five adult men accused of the rape and murder of an Indian woman have plead not guilty. The sixth rapist, a teenager, will be tried i…
Jessica Wakeman
February 4, 2013
Waitress Sues L.A. Bar Over Short Skirt Dress Code, Fans Blowing Up Skirt
A woman claims she was fired from O'Hara's, a bar near UCLA, for complaining about a new dress code for women that required wait staff to wear short, plaid school girl skirts and place fans around the restaurant to blow their skirts up! Ew. Creepy. The woman wrote a letter to her boss registering her…
Jessica Wakeman
June 26, 2012
Chess Tournament Thoughtfully Bans Cleavage So Women Won't Invite Rude Comments
An IM Conversation at Frisky HQ: Jessica: Oh, Lord, a chess tournament has banned cleavage. Amelia: I love chess. Jessica: But do you love playing chess with your titties hanging out? Apparently that's a problem. Amelia: Especially then. I would do it to distract my opponent if they were a 15-year-old prodigy.
Jessica Wakeman
March 12, 2012
Today's Lady News: BYU Jerk Slut-Shames Fellow Student For Her Dress On Valentine's Day
Somebody has just cursed himself a lifetime of callused handjobs on Valentine's Day: a student at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, received a handwritten message from a fellow student this Tuesday telling her, basically, that she was dressed like a slut! As you can see from Brittany Molina's not-at-all-revealing outfit and the snotty letter…
Jessica Wakeman
February 16, 2012
Girls Wear Too Much Makeup, So UK School Removes Mirrors From Girls' Bathrooms
Talk about an "extreme makeover": a UK high school removed mirrors from the girls' bathrooms after girls flouted the dress code rules about makeup. Shelley College in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, once allowed female pupils over age 14 to wear "discreet" makeup. But "five or six girls ... the ones who wear the most makeup"…
Jessica Wakeman
September 16, 2011
Jane Aldridge Constantly Violated Dress Code—Did Your Outfits Get You In Trouble, Too?
When you're a teenager and have a closet like Sea of Shoes blogger Jane Aldridge, you'd imagine that the high school halls would be your runway. Turns out, Jane's dreams were often cut short because she was constantly getting in trouble at school for her fashion choices. In this video (starting around 42…
Leonora Epstein
September 28, 2010
"If It's On Jersey Shore, It's Not Coming Through The Door"
This dress code signage outside the New Orleans nightclub, Republic, wants to remind you all coming happens in the hot tub. [Eater]…
Jessica Wakeman
February 27, 2010
Today's Lady News: Get A Load Of Cornell's Pi Phi Sorority Dress Code
Fashion guidelines for rushees to Cornell's Pi Phi sorority have been circulating the interwebs: no khakis, no leggings worn as pants, no muffin tops, and you must have a mani and pedi. Seriously, don't read this unless you are OK with your brain exploding. [Jezebel] Nineteen-year-old Bristol Palin announced on Oprah Winfrey'…
Jessica Wakeman
January 22, 2010
Jeans Are The New Power Suit
President Obama gave fashion critics something to talk about when he displayed a pair of "mom jeans" at a baseball game, Nicolas Sarkozy and his lovely wife Carla both donned denim for a recent trip to Egypt, and the Russian President, Dmitry Medvedev, chose jeans for a dinner date with Obama. Steve Jobs kept…
Bianca Posterli
October 29, 2009
No More Little "Miss Sexy" Pants
Apparently, "Miss Sexy" pants are a little too, well, sexy for English school masters to stomach. The Nailsea School near Bristol, England has officially banned the $18, super-tight black trousers, deeming the VPLs (visible panty lines) and "Miss Sexy" label inappropriate for the young ladies who are so fond of them. As the "Miss Sexy"-wearing…
Lily Q
October 7, 2009
Students Walk Out When Headmaster Says Girls' Skirts Are Too Short
About 100 high school students in the U.K. used Facebook to stage a walkout from class Friday after the headmaster threatened a ban on skirts due to ever-shortening hemlines. "Since half-term, the skirts have got ridiculously short," headmaster Jane Holland wrote in a letter to the governors of Upton-by-Chester High School in Chester. "The skirt…
Jessica Wakeman
June 22, 2009
Sexist Principal Mandates "Pants For Boys, Dresses For Girls!"
Chelsea Sarvis, a senior at South Carolina's Chapin High School, wants to wear pants to her graduation. But according to Principal Mike Satterfield (surprise, surprise, it's a male), unless she wears a dress, she won't be attending. That's right—if she doesn't conform to what I thought were antiquated stereotypes and flaunt a "feminine"…
Carrie Wasterlain
June 3, 2009
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The 20 Hottest Sex Scenes From "Game Of Thrones"
When you play the game of thrones, you either win or you die. But you get to f*ck a lot first. So . . . it's kinda worth it. The show is known for its gratuitous amounts of nudity and raunchy sex, so what better way to celebrate the impending Game of Thrones Spring premiere…
Tres Sugar
March 29, 2015
The 10 Definitive Cult Films You Absolutely Must See
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Dave Grohl Helps Out A Dying Fan
A big Foo Fighters fan with terminal cancer will get to scratch off one item from his wish list: meeting Dave Grohl and the band. The band was flying home from Australia when a flight attendant told Grohl about the wish of her friend, Australian Ken Powell, 56, who has late-stage melanoma, report…
March 28, 2015
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Storybook Inn & Suites
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Last day at Lincoln
Slow down day. Drizzly day. Did some laundry while J & K went for a morning hike. J&D are hiked out! .......for now. We did take an easy walk to town, stopped at a thrift store and saw our first moose.... Tonight packing and planning tomorrow's ...
White Mountain Drive
... State Park, had a picnic lunch, pics at Albany covered bridge, LL Bean outlet, EMS, then wound up at Woodstock Station Brewery near Lincoln for dinner. So many beautiful things, so many pictures today. Lots of in and out of the truck. We are all pretty tired but so much ...
King Arthur Flour and the Baguette Bakers
Courtesy of Kristen, she and I spent the day in a class at King Arthur Flour about an hour + from Lincoln to learn how to bake 'beautiful baguettes'. What fun and so much to learn (for me!). Had lunch in their cafeteria..yummy soup... Then we shopped a little in their gift shop. Guys were busy too....golfed 18 holes for the day. Came home, picked up some dinner food and made pasta with salad and TONS of baguettes. I think we ate almost all 10 of them in 2 ...
Hike to Greeley Pond
... in the bed of the truck...and we will always remember our hike to Greeley Pond! After lunch we started out for Conway to hike a little, play mini-golf and have dinner in Conway. Never made it because we had hiked all morning to the pond! So we stopped at Sabbaday Falls and walked the stairs to the top and then to Rocky Gorge for beautiful views and colors and water and tons of pictures. Back to the condo for a cheese and crackers dinner with Apple crisp for dessert. ...
So Where is the Milky Way?
... too on this website:
http://www.moonconnection.com/moon-octo ber-2014.phtml
Fast forward to several hours after twighlight!
I "found" where the Milky Way should be – it was covered in a veil of low lying clouds. Standing on the deck– waiting roughly 15 minutes before my eyes adjusted to the light-no-light – and during that time listening – sounds of crickets in the distance and a lonely cricket ...


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Slashdot videos: Now with more Slashdot!
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
+ - Patent Trolls Considering Attacking OpenStack->
The Open Invention Network (OIN) reckons the open-source cloud is ripe for the plucking by trolls, who would easily be able to box off and claim core technologies as their own.""
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+ - A Production-Ready Flying Car Is Coming This Month
Comment: Google search is already doing that: (Score 0) 320
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Comment: Re:Money climax (Score 4, Interesting) 356
Comment: Re:Knowing someone who is infected is the conditio (Score 1) 171
For this reason, we have a rule. Always ssh FROM the more trusted machine TO the less trusted one, never the other way around. For scp and rsync, that means always PUSH files to a client's machine or any server on the public internet, never PULL to a less trusted machine from a more trusted one.
How would that work? Honestly I don't know so don't troll me
+ - SPAM: Kevin Durant Shoes,Lebron James shoes For Sale,Cheap Kobe Bryant Shoes
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+ - How do YOU establish a secure computing environment? 3
On top of these obvious risks, there are lingering questions about the integrity of common operating systems and cloud computing services. Do Windows, OSX, and linux have security holes? Does Windows supply a backdoor for the U.S. or other governments? Should you really trust your linux multiverse repository? Do Google and Apple data mine your private mobile phone data for private information? Does Ubuntu's sharing of my data with Amazon compromise my privacy? Can the U.S. Government seize your cloud data without a warrant? Can McAfee or Kaspersky really be trusted?
Naturally, the question arises of how to establish and maintain an ironclad workstation or laptop for the purpose of handling sensitive information or doing security research. DARPA has approached the problem by awarding a $21.4M contract to Invincea to create a secure version of Android. What should we do if we don't have $21.4M USD? Is it safe to buy a PC from any manufacturer? Is it even safe to buy individual computer components and assemble one's own machine? Or might the MOBO firmware be compromised?
What steps can one take to insure a truly secure computing environment? Is this even possible? Can anyone recommend a through checklist or suggest best practices?"
+ - FDA Closer to Approving Biotech Salmon, Critics Furious
+ - Fark.com founder Drew Curtis links patent trolls with 'terrorists'->
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+ - Was Earth a Migratory Planet?->
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+ - Cringely predicts IBM will shed 78% of US employees by 2015->
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+ - Wind turbine can extract liters of water from air-> 1
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U.S. Response to previous use of chemical weapons?
"The last major use of chemical weapons did not elicit an armed reponse by the United States. It was by Sadaam Hussein in the 1980's...And… read more
"The last major use of chemical weapons did not elicit an armed reponse by the United States. It was by Sadaam Hussein in the 1980's...And when he did that, we didn't even contemplate intervention. In fact, it's pretty clear our government was giving targeting information to the Iraqi military so they'd konw where the Iranians were." close
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Central Ohio's Best Kept Secret
Lockbourne, Ohio - A true American small town! We are proud to be a small town with the population of about 275 people and no stoplights.
We are home to three parks and three historical cemeteries. Our history with Ohio is rich, and with strong leadership and community involvement we plan on being an important part of Ohio's future.
Latest News & Announcements
Posted on 19/03/2015
If you have lived in Lockbourne for more than a year then you know about the magnificent Field of Flags display that is errected every Memorial Day in... Learn more...
Posted on 19/03/2015
Attention Residents: As everyone knows, the Memorial Day Parade is approaching fast! We want this year's parade to be a huge success. At this time I am... Learn more...
Posted on 21/07/2014
1st Saturday of each month 8-10am Lockbourne Masonic Lodge Vause St. & Kilbourne Ln. biscuits, pancakes, hash browns, bacon, polish sausage,... Learn more...
Upcoming Community Events
|Community Breakfast
Sat Apr 04 @ 8:00AM - 10:00AM
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Sat Apr 04 @ 1:00PM - 02:00PM
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Fri Apr 17 @ 8:00AM - 05:00PM


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The Syndicate Arguably the greatest water ski team ever created! The Syndicate is an exclusive association of the world's best water skiers assembled with the purpose of elevating the status…
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Contact us or visit our Welcome Center to find more info on the many attractions within the Cherokee Reservation.
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You'll have lots to do in the Swain County. We're home to much of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Nantahala River, Fontana Lake and more.
Known for its spacious beach and crystal clear waters, Wrightsville Beach is full of outdoor activities perfect for spring. Wrightsville Beach was…
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Bryson City (0.05 mile)
Great roastbeef and chicken.Arby's serves a wide variety of "Cut Above" food including roast beef, roast chicken, roast turkey, and sliced meat san...
Bryson City (0.10 mile)
American, Seafood
Offering both lunch and dinner in a casual and inviting atmosphere on Main Street, Jimmy Mac's features a full menu including soups,salads, appetiz...
Bryson City (0.18 mile)
Lunch & dinner buffet everyday. Seafood Dinner Buffet Friday & Saturday. Open 7 days a week.
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Bryson City (0.02 mile)
Vacation Rentals
Discover the serenity of the Great Smoky Mountains and enjoy your next vacation in one of our brand new fully equipped cabins. Relax, enjoy nature,...
Bryson City (0.22 mile)
Hotels & Motels
Affordable lodging located in heart of Bryson City within walking distance of railroad, restaurants and Tuckaseigee River. Deck with chiminea heate...
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Near the Great Smoky Mountain Railway station in the heart of the smoky mountains. Fifteen rooms, most with private bath. No pets, porch rocking ch...
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text:
Latest Juris Doctor Stories
Abraham Lincoln University School of Law, a member of California Alliance of Paralegal Association, announces their upcoming attendance at the Educational Conference on June 22, 2013.
Stevens Institute of Technology has entered into an agreement with Seton Hall University School of Law (Seton Hall Law) to establish a combined degree program allowing qualified students to earn
Abraham Lincoln University will attend the Council of College and Military Educators Symposium from February 13-16 in Orlando, FL.
Concord Law School of Kaplan University, a pioneer in online legal education, celebrated the graduation of 74 students on Saturday, Aug. 2, at the Skirball Cultural Center in Los Angeles.
By Emrich, Anne Bond Thomas M.
On June 7, 2008 the Accrediting Commission of the Distance Education and Training Council (DETC) voted to grant re-accreditation to The Taft University System until 2013.
Multidisciplinary education is the cornerstone of a new, model legal curriculum being developed by Stanford Law School and today the school announced that it has created innovative joint degree programs with eleven Stanford graduate departments and schools.
- To play, gamble.
- To impose upon; delude; trick; humbug; also, to joke; chaff.
- A deceitful game or trick; trickery; humbug; nonsense.


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- Work 1-866-811-2910
- Endicott, NY
- 42.102194459118 -76.084550749899
- Work 1-877-238-3490
- Binghamton, NY
- 42.129861 -75.930267
2 Apartments for Rent Near Binghamton, NY
Of the 2 apartments in the Binghamton metro, we found exactly 1 apartments for rent in Binghamton and 0 apartments nearby. Also find 1, 2 or 3 bedroom apartments for rent in Binghamton as well as cheap apartments, pet friendly apartments, apartments with utilities included and more. Use our customizable guide to narrow down options for apartments in Binghamton and find exactly what you want during your Binghamton, New York apartment search.
No listings exactly match your search
Please see these nearby communities.
Legacy Bay TownhomesExact - 436 Glenwood Road Binghamton, NY 1390542.129861 -75.930267
Life at Legacy Bay Townhomes in Binghamton NY offers one and two bedroom townhomes for rent, each is designed with spacious layouts to accommodate your lifestyle. Each townhome includes a washer and dryer, private entrance, vaulted ceilings, built-in microwave, dishwasher, good closet space, frost-free refrigerator, gas range, beautiful views and more. Short drive to shopping, the Vestal Parkway and downtown Binghamton. Pets welcome. Call today for a tour of your new home.+−Preview Details
- Central Air Conditioning
- Built in Dishwasher & Microwave
- Plush Neutral Carpeting and Vinyl Plank Flooring
- Online Rent Payments
- Broadband Internet Access Available
- Private Entrances and Patio w/ Sliding Glass Door
- Washer and Dryer in your home
- Large Living Spaces and Vaulted Ceilings
- 24-Hour Emergency Maintenance Service
- Beautiful Views & Professional Landscaped Grounds
- Fitness Center
- Large One and Two Bedroom Multi-Level Homes
Your Search Returned 1 results.
To see more Apartments, try broadening your search.
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Summit ChaseEndicott, NY
Legacy Bay TownhomesBinghamton, NY


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We found 3 sites within 15 miles of Roydon with 3 bookable
Lingfield, Surrey, England Show on map
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|From £11/€13.96/AU$20.21/$17.70 per night
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25 Scotts Road Singapore 228220 (Show on map)
Read reviews
Hotel located along Scotts Road and 3 min walk to MRT station. Surrounded by malls like ION Orchard, Takashimaya and Paragon providing many food and entertainment options in Singapore. Sentosa, Universal Studios Singapore, Integrated Resorts and Singapore Flyer are 20 min drive away from the Hotel. Royal Plaza on Scotts provides complimentary Internet in hotel and minibar.
• Check In : 14:00
• Check Out : 12:00
• GMT Time : +08:00 - Singapore
Royal Plaza on Scotts Hotel is known for its prime location on Scotts Road; just 3-minute walk from the Orchard MRT station and 3 kilometers away popular meeting venues like Suntec City and Shenton Way for the business travellers. Hotel offers high speed wifi for multiple devices, wide selection of free minibar beverages and the Nespresso gourmet coffee replenished daily and free local calls all in the comfort of their room. Hotel also boosts having an award-winning buffet restaurant, Carousel, within its premises.
Royal Plaza on Scotts, the premier business hotel in Singapore, is just a 20-minute drive from Singapore Changi Airport and 5 minutes from the major shopping areas and financial hubs in Shenton Way. The nearest Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Orchard Station, is only a short walk from the hotel.
For arts and cultural enthusiasts, we are only 8 minutes away from the Kallang Theatre, Victoria Theatre, The Esplanade, The National Museum, Asian Civilization Museum and the Drama Center. The various tourist attractions like the all-time favorite theme park - Sentosa, Haw Par Villa, the scenic Botanical Gardens are also easily accessible via any of the city's excellent public transport facilities.
25 Scotts Road Singapore 228220 (Show on map)
Score Breakdown
Hear it directly from our travelers
Nov 2014
Lai, SF
Hotel location is superb,just a stone throw to orchard road. Bus stop is right in front of hotel and the mrt stop is just a short distance away.
Genuine Asiatravel.com guest review
Oct 2014
Tjondrodihardjo, Andy Hermawan
Very Clean, great location
The hotel is generous in providing free mini bar and local phone calls. However they do not supply local newspapers anymore which is inconvenient to those who like to read their newspapers.
Aug 2014
Luna, Rowena
We had a great stay as usual. Loved the free super high speed wifi and minibar. Will always stay in this hotel.
Jul 2014
Lai, Sau Fong
The hotel's location is ideal for us. It's so close to orchard road and so convenient for us to go to other parts of Singapore too.
The services and amenities provided are very good and generous too.
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Nov 11
Oct 19
MSR will be saying hello to our out of town riding friends and performing at the Pre-Party for the Florida Harley Owners Group. You do not have to be a HOG member to attend.
Sounds Like: Eagles, Jackson Browne, ZZ Top, The Allman Brothers, U2
Label: Big Deal Records / Distributed by E1 Entertainment NY,
Manager: Bill Dern Management, Los Angeles, California
Bio: The MeanStreet Riders rock music group were formed from a group of songwriters that both ride and have ridden motorcycles their entire lives and write music about their love of the open road its culture and the freedom it brings.
The Riders were formed in the fall of 2008 when they were riding ...See Full Bio
We wanted to say Thanks to everyone who follow us on facebook over 52,000 fans in 87 countries www.facebook.com/MeanStreetRiders
"While both art forms embody the spirit of rebellion and freedom, there haven't been many popular songs with motorcycling as a direct subject matter. Instead, songs like Steppenwolf's "Born To Be Wild" encapsulate the feeling of riding a motorcycle, without bikes being mentioned. MeanStreet Riders, a group of musicians/singers/motorcyclists, are out to change all that"


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Where To Buy Michel Cholet?
I would like to buy this rose but cannot find a supplier. Does anyone know where this rose can be purchased?
Sproul Roses By Design has it in stock. Let me know if it works out for you. http://www.helpmefind.com/gardening/l.php?l=17.3680 should give you the info you need.
Best of Luck!
Andrew Grover
Andrew, I contacted Jim Sproul and he just replied - says he grows roses but doesnt sell them so am back to square one. This used to be an easy to get rose....and it is a beautiful color. Sure hope I can locate a place to purchase some. Thanks for the tip.
Hi Judith,
On Helpmefind there is a member, Robert Neil Rippetoe, that has MC listed on his Plants Grown List.
I have had some very fine trades with Robert over the past year.
He is always glad to spread around good roses.
His direct e-mail address is: email@example.com
Now he may only be able to get you unrooted cuttings.
If you don't have a way to root them please let me know.
I might be able to help you with that.
I wouldn't mind growing MC again -- I have good memories of it from the past.
Good Luck,


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Space where guests can cook their own meals
In the building, free or for a fee
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
Guest house in Puerto Coyote with unforgettable sea views and only 10 minutes walk to the nearby beach Playa Coyote, which is ideal for hiking, swimming, surfing and horse riding. The charmingly decorated Pacific Guest House offers two spacious rooms with sea views and is particularly suitable for couples, friends and families. The large covered terrace offers to relax and unwind. The beautiful swimming pool is surrounded by a beautiful manicured tropical gardens, with comfortable sun loungers where you can excellent relax and sunbathe.
Come and relax in our Pacific Guesthouse, we are looking forward to your visit!
Stay here and you could give this host their first review!
Hallo zusammen, wir sind aus Deutschland und der Schweiz und leben seid 18 Jahren hier in Puerto Coyote Costa Rica. Wir moegen lange Spaziergaenge mit unseren Hunden an unserem einsamen Strand Playa Coyote, lieben gutes Essen und die Musik. Freuen uns immer wieder ueber die zufriedenen Gaeste, die die Natur und die Ruhe, speziel hier in Coyote, genauso geniessen wie wir.


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Ems Today
Vic Convertino Presents on New Technology for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Shock at EMS Today 2015
Convertino presented on ways to aid the body when compensating for blood loss.
Shaughn Maxwell Presents on EMS Checklists at EMS Today 2015
Maxwell showed the science behind EMS checklists.
Shaughn Maxwell Presents on Disaster Response Implementation at EMS Today 2015
Maxwell led convention goers through the immediate impact of recent disasters.
Gordon Graham Discusses Civil Liability for Public Safety Operations at EMS Today 2015
Graham took attendees through steps for proper incident documentation.
Vic Convertino Discusses New Technology for Early Diagnosis on Shock at EMS Today 2015
Convertino presented standards of assessing shock and how to better them.
John Dugan and Peter O'Brien Discuss STEMI Recognition at EMS Today 2015
Dugan and O'Brien reviewed the science and cases of STEMI recognition.
Matt Zavadsky Discusses The Role of Patient Experience in the New Healthcare Environment at EMS Today 2015
Zavadsky introduced ways EMS providers can help ensure high satisfaction scores.
Matt Zavadsky Presents on Outcome Measures of Advanced Community Paramedicine at EMS Today 2015
Zavadsky talked about the need for programs to show their value.
Northwestern Ontario, Canada, High School First Responders Develop Life-saving Skills Early
Canadian students prepare for emergency aid at school and locally.
Featured Careers & Jobs in EMS
Fire EMS Blogs
Blogger Browser
Today's Featured Posts
EMS Airway Clinic
Innovation & Advancement
This is the seventh year of the EMS 10 Innovators in EMS program, jointly sponsored by Physio-Control and JEMS.
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Press Conference, East Village Explosion and Collapse
Fire is contained to four buildings; 12 people have been injured.
Watch It >
D.C. Mayor Adds Ambulances to Peak Demand Period
10 additional ambulances will be on the streets from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m.
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Utah Commission Privatizes Ambulance Service
Mayors in Iron County loose management fight.
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Ambulance Delay Raises Concerns over Response Times
Officers give up after waiting 20 minutes for an ambulance.
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Patient Carry during Snowstorm
Firefighters, medics and officers lend a hand in Halifax.
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Terror Attack in Tunisia
19 people killed outside of a museum.
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JEMS TV Product Innovations at EMS Today 2015: Knox MedVault
Controlled substance security
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JEMS TV Product Innovations at EMS Today 2015: Hartwell CombiCarrier II
Versatile Spinal Immobilization Device
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JEMS TV Product Innovations at EMS Today 2015: BoundTree CombiCarrier II
TheCombiCarrier II Backboard/Split Litter by Hartwell Medical
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JEMS TV Product Innovations at EMS Today 2015: BoundTree Medstorm
Radiotransparent and radiotranslucent "one-pad system"
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Just in! Call or visit our website for more information.... More
If you like getting involved with your driving, perhaps this 1965 Ford Mustang coupe will be invigorating. Packing a snarling 302 under the hood,... More
There's not much argument that the 1969 Mustang Mach 1 isn't one of the best-looking Mustangs of all time, perhaps even one of the... More
If there's one car that sells well, month after month, it's early Mustangs. Coupes, fastbacks, convertibles, they all have a very loyal following, which... More
1965 Ford Mustang Coupe, Restoration just completed by Mustang Ranch of Santa Clara, CA. New paint, pony interior, rebuilt engine and transmission. Authentic down... More
1965 FORD MUSTANG A-CODE GT FASTBACK JUST IN FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA! BEAUTIFUL RESTORATION! RARE AND DESIRED A-CODE 289 ENGINE WITH 4-BARREL CARBURETION! ONLY 65,467 ORIGINAL MILES! GT APPEARANCE PACKAGE,... More
This 1966 Ford Mustang Coupe is available in our Louisville KY showroom. With over 600000 Mustangs produced in 1966 you will still these... More
1967 Ford Mustang GT equipped with its Original 390 V8 and a 4 Speed Manual Transmission. Lime Gold Poly Exterior with Black Stripes and... More
1966 FORD MUSTANG 5.0 LITER CONVERTIBLE JUST IN FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA! BEAUTIFUL RESTORATION, INCLUDING 5.0 LITER MUSTANG ENGINE UPGRADE AND 5-SPEED MANUAL TRANSMISSION! GORGEOUS COLOR COMBINATION! FITTED WITH... More
1965 Ford Mustang ConvertibleFor many people, the Ford Mustang is the dream car from America. The Mustang Convertible is certainly not less popular and... More
1966 Ford Mustang GT ConvertibleThis sporty Mustang GT is in a fantastic condition! Everything is like new, the paint, the chrome, the Pony interior.... More
1968 Ford Mustang Colorado Edition / Sammlerstuck!A very beautiful and rare High Country Mustang in an excellent condition.The Colorado Edition Mustangs have a lot... More
1968 Ford Mustang ConvertibleThe Ford Mustang is still a popular car for young and old, just like this beautiful Convertible from 1968.This Mustang comes... More
1965 Ford Mustang CoupeThe Mustang from 1967 was very popular. It was and still is one of the most beloved American cars. The beautiful... More
1968 Ford Mustang ConvertibleThis Mustang is in excellent condition. The paint, the interior and chrome are all very well maintained. The electrically operated top... More


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FreakScore is a weighted average of all aggregated professional and user review scores. Read more
This product has a FreakScore of 7.3 out of 10 based on 39 scores.
Need more advice? Ask the community a question.
1. IS IT 32EX600 PURE LED OR LCD ? 2. WHAT IS THE LIFE(hours)OF 32EX600 ?
(No answers yet. Write an answer!) 2011-02-20


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Do you love your stacked washer/dryer?
I am thinking of changing to a stacked washer and dryer to get more space in my mudroom.
Do you have a model that does a great job and that you love?
Is it difficult to get the laundry out of the dryer? I am not short by any means, but I wonder if I will be able to get that last elusive sock? Will I need a step stool to check if I have stragglers?
Given the below layout, would you stack the laundry or sacrifice the coat closet in order to not stack?
From July 6, 2012
Thanks for your advice and opinions.
Yes! I made the same decision in our space and I would not sacrifice your closet. I think newer W/D esp HE are very tall and make using a counter above (if you installed one) a challenge. In laws have that set up and it's very awkward. We have Kenmores and replaced our old W/D at different times, so while the models are meant to stack they do not stack on one another (I don't mind that the doors don't match, I'm really the only one who sees them, or notices). We had our counter installer (Ecotop) run the counter above the W. It works perfectly, though the dryer is secured to the wall w/a bracket to avoid movement. I am 5/8" and can easily reach everything in the dryer.
That's my coat closet to the left:
Good luck!
Thank you sloane.
renov8r: I am not sure if your question was for me, or if I understand it. My washer is not currently stacked, it sits on the floor. If I stack the dryer on top it will still be on the floor- so no difference for my back. BTW I dont bend over, I squat- better to work the glutes and quads!
What, if anything, did you do to the counter in-between to handle the added load and vibration the dryer is going to cause? Otherwise, yeah, looks like a clever way to allow access to the washer without unstacking the dryer. Or being able to replace one or the other in the event of failure.
I must say it's pretty much love for me with my new stacked Speed Queen (purchased and used since May 2012). Its simplicity, reliability and speed is enduring to me. It's stacked in a closet on a wood floor and doesn't walk the floor. Some vibration but not overbearing. Prior to the SQ I too had a stacked Neptune-12 years and it was still going in spite of bad bearings when it was taken through the door. GL.
This post was edited by SparklingWater on Fri, Jan 18, 13 at 17:18
When we bought our current house, it was shown floor-standing washer and dryer in an alcove by the back door to the back deck. PO took her appliances with her.
The alcove was big enough for just 2 items. But there was no utility sink anywhere in the house. Obvious solution--a stacked w & d would give me space to have a sink installed.
I LOVE the stacked unit. I'm 5'6" and don't find the washer too low, or the dryer too high. And the fact that in my case they're convenient to the line I have strung on the deck is a huge plus. Having moved from a house where the laundryroom was in the basement, and the bedrooms on the second floor, I discovered something. I LOVE doing laundry--what I hated about it in the other house was the constant lugging loads up and down several flights of stairs.
If a stacked pair works for you, it can be a real space saver. I have a suggestion--if you have a friend with a stacked set, why not ask if you could come over and do a couple of loads, just to get the feel of it. And DO make sure you get all the specs before committing to buying the set. You have to have the right outlets in the right places--and if needed, it's better to have the electrical work done before the set's delivered (they didn't tell me the dryer only came with a 4' cord when I bought--so my poor electrician had to work around the already delivered washer and dryer to move the outlet up about 6 feet from where it had been previously.
Thanks all for your feedback. We are not starting our project until the spring at the earliest so I have time to mull. My current set can be stacked, or since they are 10 years old, I could get a new stackable set figuring they will give out soon.
I have an option to move the laundry up to the second floor, where the bedrooms are, that I am also investigating but I think that makes the project costs out of reach.
We inherited a stacked system when we bought our house. Oh, how I hated that washer and dryer. I found it very hard to get everything out of the dryer (I'm 5'2") and for some reason I found the motion of moving clothing up (vs. to the side in a traditional setup) to be really hard on the shoulders. I should add, however, that this was 11 years ago and I think the set had a few years on it before then, so the situation has probably improved since then.


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AppTools 100 in 1
By G.P. Imports, Inc.
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
BEST deal ever!
ONE HUNDRED top QUALITY tools for a very low price!
**** For a limited time ****
Just imagine calculating the cost per tool...
Tuaw.com review "AppTools 100 in 1 provides a hundred handy utilties for your iPhone"
It took us months to develop and put together
this great offer since we are only providing
you with TOP TOOLS!
We are providing you a "Container" full of tools.
We are NOT offering just any tools, we are providing
quality software that we are sure you will enjoy!
Everything you may think of when it comes to top
tools is included in the deal; you name it: we have it!
Most tools work great with iPod.
✓ The tools included are:
1. Advanced BMI
2. Analog Talking Clock/Alarm
3. Animated Pictures Deluxe
4. Baby Monitor
5. Baby Names
6. Battery Meter Pro
7. Black and white camera
8. Bubble Level
9. Business Card Maker
10. Caliper Pro
11. Camera Frames
12. Camera Timer
13. Camera Zoom
14. Car Loan Calculator
15. Cartoon Sounds
16. Cash Register
17. Clap Lamp
18. Clapometer
19. Clear Calculator
20. Clear Phone
21. Clinometer
22. Cool Pedometer
23. Currency Converter Deluxe
24. Custom Keyboard
25. Date Label Camera
26. Decibel Pro
27. Designer ChronoClock
28. Digital Voice e-mail
29. Discount Calculator
30. DVD Preview
31. Education Loan Calculator
32. Email Backgrounds
33. Email Delivery Confirmation
34. Email Timer
35. Flash Camera
36. Fast Coin Flipper
37. Flashlight Pro
38. Generic Calendar
39. Hex Calculator
40. iContinuous Camera
41. iCounter
42. iDevice
43. iDice
44. iFacts
45. iFTP
46. iHD
47. iMassager
48. Invoice Maker Deluxe
49. iRandom Number
50. iReader Text to Speech
51. iRecipes
52. iRotary Phone
53. iSecurity
54. iSpanglish
55. Magic Ball
56. Messaging Tool
57. Military Keyboard
58. Money Counter
59. Morse Code
60. Morse Keyboard
61. Multi Signature
62. Musical e-mail
63. Musical Speedometer
64. Notes Sync
65. Old Radio
66. PDF/Image/Text Browser
67. Photo Viewer/Backup
68. Plumb-Bob Pro
69. Pregnancy Tool
70. Pro Timer
71. Protactor Pro
72. Real Altimeter
73. Remote Ringer
74. Repel Mosquito
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93. Thermometer Pro
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We are working on additional 25 tools.
If you need assistance please
contact us email@example.com
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iPhone Screenshot
Customer Reviews
This app has alot of apps inside
This app has some useful apps like a clock that tells you the time and voice actually telling you the time. There is also a battery monitoring app that actually tells you how much juice you have and whether you are charging it. There are other apps which requires the use of the camera
so if you are using an ipod touch, then you are out of luck. There is also an oldies song radio which you cannot find elsewhere.
Get it if you have an iPhone. :)
Tools are fine, tough to navigate
Once you can find the tool you want, it's fine. But with 100+ tools to choose from, there needs to be a better way to navigate. You can only scroll an A-Z list (2 ways), or page through 8 pages of icons. There's no way to quickly jump to the app you want.
To be useful, it needs a search box and/or (but really and) a category drill-down. Otherwise, the sheer quantity of apps overwhelms any possibility of quality.
It's good
It has a load of apps and worth the money to have them in one place.
I would like to have a custom setting and a way to get to the apps I want to quickly. Sometimes after leaving an app, it puts me to the top of the list in the truck. That is annoying when you are wanting one starting with "W" or something.
Great start. Let's see what you can do with it to be more consumer friendly.
- $0.99
- Category: Finance
- Released: Jun 03, 2010
- Version: 1.0
- Size: 95.6 MB
- Language: English
- Seller: Gp Imports Inc, Software Development
- © GP Imports, Inc 2010
Compatibility: Requires iOS 3.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.


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Gold 'N Hot Professional Titanium Spring Curling Iron
We know you want the goods as soon as possible, which is why orders received by 3pm ET leave our warehouse the very same day. We'll send you an email that day to confirm shipment and the email will include your tracking information.
Our warehouse is closed Saturday & Sunday, so orders received after 3pm ET on Fridays will not ship out until Monday.
Based on 1 Review
SarahHairCurly HairThick or Coarse HairTitanium!I LOVE titanium products and this Titanium line really does have that extra heat to get my hair to stay curled all day6 out of 6 shoppers thought this review was helpful.
Was this post helpful?YesNoposted Feb 19, 2014Link to this post
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Have you tried this product? Help out by sharing what worked (or didn't)!Write a Review
Gold 'N Hot 1875 Watt Professional Titanium Dryer features an ionic generator including an ion rheostat dial for complete control of ion on any hair type.Old Price:
$39.99New Price:37% OFF


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HOULKA – The Houlka Board of Aldermen moved one step closer to a new city shop at the July 2 meeting. The old shop will be torn down later this year to make way for expansion by the Houlka Nazarene Church and city leaders are still trying to determine what kind of structure to […]
Tag Archives | Becky Harrison
Houlka board weighs budget for building
By Lisa Voyles | 12:55 PM | July 16, 2013 | News
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- Coggins to lead Lenten Luncheon March 31, 2015
- Houston plans for farmer's market March 31, 2015
- LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Help us "Save a Child" March 30, 2015
- Circuit Court term opened Monday March 30, 2015
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- Royal Chocolate: Great to see progress in my hometown!...
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Senior Psychology major (Clinical/Counseling concentration), Visual Art minor, at University of Illinois - Springfield.
Completing my Bachelor's Degree in Environmental studies at the University of Illinois at Springfield
Second year M.D. candidate at SIU School of Medicine. B.S. Biochemistry, minors in Chemistry and Psychology, University of...
Completed my B.A. in English and Anthropology at the University of Notre Dame. Received an MFA in Creative Writing from Naropa University.
Sophomore earning Bachelor degrees of both Mathematical and Computer Sciences
Greduate student at UIS
I am pursuing my graduation(Masters) in Management Information Systems at University of Illinois at Springfield. I have bachelor's degree...
I attended the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (2014) for undergrad and studied political science as my major and communications...
I did my undergraduate from Gogte Institute of Technology- India with a GPA of 3.2 majoring in Information Science and engineering.
Junior Math Major with a minor in Education at University of Illinois at Springfield (3.33 GPA)
University Of Illinois at Springfield, Undergrad Degree of Study: Biology
University of IL, Springfield Biochemistry major (Sophomore)GPA 3.322 Graduated High School with honors. 3.45
Freshman Psychology (Clinical Counseling Concentration) and Political Science Double Major at University of Illinois at Springfield
I attend University of Illinois At Springfield, majoring in biology/ pre-med. My current GPA 3.64 for the 1st semester.
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Shopping List | Blackout
Published: August 22, 2003
AFTER last week's blackout, and with it the hard-earned lesson of being prepared for an emergency, you are now probably adequately stocked up with such basics as flashlights, AA bateries and bottled water. But if darkness falls yet again, here are some items to help you pass the time a bit more entertainingly.
Photos: KEEP READING -- Zelco's Itty Bitty Book Light clips on for bright and personal illumination via two AA batteries. $11.88. (800) 426-6027 www.jandr.com; STAY COOL -- Soak this bandanna in cold water for 30 minutes until the crystals inside expand and begin their soothing magic. It will keep you cool for hours. Two for $12.50. (802) 362-8460 www.vermontcountrystore.com; NIGHT GLOW -- Light up! It's fun and legal. Glow-in-the-dark options include light sticks, above, for $12.95 a dozen and 12-ounce glow cups, right, $2.95 each. (800) 875-8480 www.orientaltrading.com; FRESH SCENT -- A triumph over the aroma of rotting food from the refrigerator, these scented Votivo candles burn safely in their own glass holders. $20 each. (877) 349-5330 www.amenwardyhome.com; LONG CHILL -- Gorgeous and practical, Coleman's 54-quart stainless steel cooler keeps ice, food and drinks cold for up to three days. $94.84. (800) 966-6546 www.walmart.com; TUNE IN -- The Self-Powered Emergency Radio can be activated by three AA batteries or a hand-cranked rechargeable battery pack. It plays AM, FM and shortwave broadcasts. $39.85. (800) 962-4943 www.magellans.com


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Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
U of M to offer free research until technology makes money
The University of Manitoba is embarking on a new approach to technology commercialization -- they're giving it away.
Well, not exactly.
But instead of hard-boiled negotiations between the university and industry partners on royalties and licensing agreements for intellectual property developed in-house, the university will make the research available to partners with no financial commitment until the company itself starts making money from the technology.
It's a bold realignment and an attempt to allow innovative work that is going on at the university to get outside the ivory tower.
"It's a very unique approach, and as far as we know, no one has used this model," said Digvir Jayas, the U of M's vice-president of research.
And there may be even more generous arrangements for local Manitoba companies who can leverage original research conducted at the U of M into some kind of commercial benefit.
In the past, Jayas said, the process often involved protracted negotiations, sometimes with dramatically different views from each side on the ultimate value of the intellectual property (IP).
It became an arduous exercise just to have access to the technology even before the hard work -- and sizable investment -- was undertaken to bring the product to the market.
"The approach we are proposing would allow industry to manage the IP and continue to manage it," Jayas said. "We would not request milestone or upfront payments until the company has started using the IP in their product or for an improved service."
U of M president David Barnard said the university has a role to play in the economic development of the province and it is looking to take an innovative approach to generating some activity.
"One of the goals of the research enterprise, of which there are many, is to have an impact on the economy -- to have IP developed in the university moved from the academy into the economy," he said. "We are hoping this will make the transition easier. From our perspective, we want to see the good work that faculty members do here actually have an impact for good for companies in Manitoba and Canada."
The new direction for its technology transfer office, called Transformational Partnerships, came about after extensive community consultations.
Industry players who have been aware of the plans are keenly anticipating it.
Tracey Maconachie, president of the Life Science Association of Manitoba, said the local industry is very excited about the prospects of having easier access to research from the U of M that might be applicable to their own work.
"We think it could really be of value and not just for local businesses but for international companies as well," said Maconachie. "It could help to create a brand for Manitoba as innovators."
She said homegrown Manitoba research has always been highly regarded, but the U of M has also had a reputation for being hard-nosed negotiators. "Manitoba was not leading the way in terms of how it dealt with technology transfer," she said. "Some might have said it was problematic previously."
While the U of M may now be leading the way in Canada, there are other institutions that are moving in the same direction.
Janet Scholz, president of the Alliance for Commercialization of Canadian Technologies, said there are a number of institutions in Canada and the U.S. trying to take a different look at how the business of technology transfer is conducted.
"The U of M is taking a step out, far from where they used to be," she said.
Scholz said the global crisis in 2008 cast a major chill over the amount of investment capital available for what is, after all, risky technology development plays.
"We live in a different time now," she said. "Companies take a considerable risk when they are dealing with technology which is inherently nascent coming out of an institution. The risk is quite high that they can do anything with it."
The U of M will continue to split all revenues from technology developed at the university 50-50 with the inventors. Faculty and inventors will also have the option to deploy the former approach of establishing a licensing agreement before the IP is released to a third party.
And in the event there is a wide gap between the parties when it comes to determining royalty payments, a binding-arbitration mechanism will be in place.
Darren Fast, who took over as director of the U of M's Technology Transfer Office in the fall, is looking forward to marshalling in the new approach.
"Cash flow is always an issue," he said. "If you burden small companies with upfront or milestone payments, they will have a tough time having the cash to actually do the product development. The idea is to give companies every chance of success at developing the technology into a product."
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition January 22, 2013 B6
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