text:
I'm pretty sure this is a basic question but for some reason i can't find it on google as quick as i'd like so i'll ask it here.
I've got a MoneyType object, which holds an int (value in cents) and a decimal (just the normal value)
This type inherits the IComperable interface and can be compared, now i'm comparing two MoneyTypes in an If statemet:
if (invoice.GrossAmount == invoice.NetAmount)
Now for what method should i override or what interface should i inherit to get this to work? Since doing this does not enter the CompareTo() method, neither does it enter the .Equals method so i'm at a loss atm.
Thank you,
F.B. ten Kate


text:
A process for reducing the concentration of ionic species of heavy metals in an aqueous waste solution by conversion to a corresponding elemental metal comprises contacting the waste solution containing ionic species of one or more heavy metals with a culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 in the presence of an amount of nutrient medium sufficient to satisfy nutritional requirements of cells of the culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510. When the ionic species is other than Hg+ or Hg++, other species of Pseudomonas can be used.
1. A process for reducing the concentration of ionic species of mercury in an aqueous waste solution by conversion to elemental mercury, comprising contacting the waste solution containing ionic species of mercury with a culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 in the presence of an amount of nutrient medium sufficient to satisfy nutritional requirements of cells of the culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the aqueous waste solution is contacted with the culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 at a temperature from about 5� to about 35� C.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the aqueous waste solution is contacted with the culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 at pH from about 6 to about 8.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the ionic species of mercury is Hg++.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the aqueous waste solution is contacted with the culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 under aerobic conditions.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein air is bubbled into a mixture of the aqueous waste solution and the culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the aqueous waste solution is contacted with the culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 in an essentially liquid medium, products from the thus-contacted aqueous waste solution are filtered to separate a filtrate from a solid residue and elemental mercury is recovered from the thus-separated solid residue.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein the aqueous waste solution is contacted with a culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 affixed to a support.
9. The process of claim 1, carried out as a batch process in the presence of at least 108 Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 cells/ml of solution being treated and wherein air is bubbled into a mixture of aqueous waste solution and culture.
10. The process of claim 1, carried out as a continuous process in the presence of at least 104 Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 cells/ml of solution being treated and wherein air is bubbled into a mixture of aqueous waste solution and culture.
This application is a continuation-in-part of Revis et al., copending application Ser. No. 06/918,768, filed Oct. 14, 1986.
This invention relates to the use of Pseudomonas organisms to reduce objectionable ionic species of heavy metals in waste waters to the elemental form and to thus reduce the concentration of the heavy metal in the waste water.
Trace elements are widely used in industry and for medicinal purposes. Platinum, mercury, cadmium and lead are used in the plating industry, for example, to make electrodes for batteries and lamps. Compounds of these metals are used as catalysts for making varnish and paint compositions.
Waste waters from mining and public utilities also contain toxic heavy metals or their compounds. In addition, disposal of radionuclides from aqueous wastes of nuclear power plants is an important problem.
Disposal of wastes from these industries presents an ecological problem, particularly when the heavy metals are in the form of organic compounds or complexes, such as methylated mercury or lead. Organometallic compounds in waste waters are generally considered more objectionable than inorganic metal compounds or elemental metals because consumption of waters, containing organometallic compounds, by humans or domestic animals results in absorption and accumulation of relatively large amounts of heavy metal compounds in the organs of the animals, which consume the water. Organometallic compounds are absorbed from the intestinal tract much more readily than inorganic metal compounds or the free metals themselves. Moreover, organometallic compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier, accumulate in nervous tissue and cause disorders of the nervous system. Therefore, there is considerable interest in processes for removing toxic or objectionable heavy metal species from waste waters.
Summers et al., "Volatilization of Mercuric Chloride by Mercury-Resistant Plasmid-Bearing Strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa," J. Bacteriol., vol. 113 (1973), pages 1070-1072, have recited that strains PU21/FP, PU21/Stone and PU21/PS18 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa appear to convert mercuric chloride to elemental mercury, or another mercurial composition, which is volatile and soluble in organic solvents.
Chakrabarty et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,597) have proposed using genetically-engineered Pseudomonas bacteria to concentrate mercury or its compounds from liquid streams.
Walker et al., "Mercury-Resistant Bacteria and Petroleum Degradation," Appl. Microbiol., vol. 27 (1974), pages 285-287 and Kondo et al., "Mercury and Cadmium Resistances Mediated by the Penicillinase Plasmid in Staphlococcus aureus," J. Bacteriol., vol. 117 (1974), pages 1-7, recite characteristics of mercury-resistant organisms.
Bopp, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,468,461, has proposed using Pseudomonas fluorescens NRRL B-12596 to reduce chromate ions to chromic ions in aqueous solution. The chromic ions are precipitated at about neutral pH.
Kauffman et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,519,912) and Baldwin et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,519,913) have proposed removing objectionable water-soluble species from aqueous solutions by treatment with various bacterial organisms. The proposed processes rely upon reduction of the ionic species to a corresponding elemental metal.
It is therefore apparent that removal of objectionable and toxic ionic or organometallic species of heavy metals from waste waters is of continuing importance in recycling of waste waters to provide water supplies, which are safe for drinking or industrial uses.
It is an object of this invention to provide processes by which toxic and objectionable heavy metal species can be removed from waste waters.
A process for reducing the concentration of ionic species of at least one heavy metal, other than mercury, in an aqueous waste solution by conversion to one or more corresponding elemental metals, comprises contacting the aqueous waste solution containing ionic species of at least one heavy metal with a culture of a Pseudomonas organism in the presence of an amount of nutrient medium, sufficient to satify nutritional requirements of cells of the culture of Pseudomonas.
This invention further relates to a process for reducing the concentration of ionic species of mercury in an aqueous waste solution by conversion to elemental mercury, comprising contacting the aqueous waste solution with a culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510, otherwise as above.
In another aspect, this invention relates to a process for reducing the concentration of ionic species of zinc or cadmium in an aqueous waste solution by conversion to elemental zinc or cadmium or by accumualtion in or on cells of microorganisms, by contacting the aqueous waste solution with a culture of Pseudomonas, as above.
In yet another aspect, this invention relates to a biologically pure culture of a strain of Pseudomanas maltophilia, having the identifying characteristics of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510. For the practice of this invention, a culture of the microorganism designated Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, Bethesda, Md.
In the event that during pendency of this application, the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks shall determine that some individual is entitled to receive progeny in this strain in accordance with the provisions of 37 C.F.R. 1.14 and 35 U.S.C. 122, the required written authorization will be provided by the assignee of this application.
Upon the issuance of this application as a patent, a culture of this strain can be obtained from the permanent collection of the American Type Culture Collection, Bethesda, Md.
Pseudomanas maltophilia ATCC 53510 and Pseudomonas species, generally, require a minimal growth medium containing arginine, methionine, glucose, betaglycerophosphate, alanine, phenylalanine, serine, valine, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate. The minimal medium also contains a buffer, preferably 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, also known as TRIS buffer.
The minimal medium preferably contains, per liter:
______________________________________grams______________________________________5-10 g TRIS0.05-0.2 ammonium sulfate0.05-0.2 arginine0.05-0.2 methionine0.5-2 sodium chloride0.5-2 potassium chloride0.1-0.5 magnesium sulfate2.5-10 glucose0.5-1 beta-glycerophosphate0.1-1 alanine0.5-1.5 phenylalanine0.15-0.5 serine0.05-0.5 valine______________________________________
and the pH is adjusted to about 7.2 with 4N hydrochloric acid.
The foregoing minimal medium is that "sufficient to satisfy nutritional requirements of cells of the culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510," as used in the specification and claims.
Contemplated equivalents of the minimal medium, providing sufficient nutrients to support the nutritional requirements of cells of the Pseudomanas culture, include, but are not limited to, (a) mineral salts, including sulfates and phosphates; (b) amino acids, including methionine and (c) a carbon source, e.g. glucose.
The aqueous waste solutions are contacted with Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 or an equivalent organism at temperatures ranging from about 5� to about 35� C. However, for optimum culture growth, it is preferred to treat or contact the waste waters with Pseudomonas cultures at higher temperatures, more preferably from about 25� C. to about 35� C.
The pH of the mixture of culture and aqueous waste solution during treatment is preferably near neutrality, that is, pH from about 6 to about 8. When confluent cultures are mixed with aqueous wastes containing trace metal species, normal osmolality should also be maintained.
The process of this invention is utilized for removal of significant amounts of trace metal compounds from waste waters. It is used for reduction of levels as high as about 50 ppm. However, it is preferred to operate the process using feeds containing from a few ppb to about 25 ppm.
The time for contacting the aqueous waste solutions with Pseudomonas organisms is selected to accomplish reduction of the objectionable ionic heavy metal species to the desired extent. The time required can be as little as 5-10 minutes when the aqueous waste is treated with confluent cells. More prolonged treatment times, of the order of 12 hours or more, may be required when the aqueous waste solutions are being treated with growing cultures of Pseudomonas organisms. It will be understood that one skilled in the art can determine preferred and optimum contact times by routine experimentation.
"Ionic species of heavy metals," as used in the specification and claims, includes both organic and inorganic compounds of heavy metals, in which the metal is bonded by an electrovalent bond to another element or to a carbon-containing radical. Covalently-bonded compounds are also within the scope of this definition. Compounds which can be treated by the process of this invention include, but are not limited to chlorides, bromides, acetates, propionates, naphthenates, benzoates, nitrates, and phenolates of cations such mercury, lead, cadmium, zinc, silver, gold, chromium, platinum, and copper in various positive-valence states. Treatment of selenium-containing compounds, e.g., sodium or potassium selenate, is also included. It will be understood that the process of this invention can also be used to treat organometallic compounds, more particularly, compounds in which the metal-carbon bond is covalent. Exemplary of organometallic compounds which can be treated by the process of this invention are methyl mercury, dimethyl mercury, diphenyl lead, dipropyl cadmium, tetraethyl lead and triethyl tin.
"Elemental metal" means the metal in its zerovalent condition.
Waste waters are preferably contacted with the selected Pseudomonas culture under aerobic conditions. The process of the present invention is accordingly preferably carried out under ambient conditions, without exclusion of air from the container in which the treatment is being done. Most preferably, air is bubbled through the mixture of waste water and culturing during the treatment. A preferred rate of air flow for this type of aeration is 1 ml/min.
In the practice of this invention, mercuric or mercurous ions in waste waters are reduced to metallic mercury by treatment or incubation with Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510. Other metallic species, particularly Cu++, Cr+++, Hg++ or Pb++, can be incubated with a variety of Pseudomonas species, preferably Pseudomonas syringae or Pseudomonas denitrificans. Most preferably, the waste waters containing ionic species of these metals, are contacted with a culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510.
It has further been found, in accordance with the practice of this invention, that selected Pseudomonas organisms, particularly Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510, can reduce mixtures, containing several of the species Pb++, Au+, Ag+, Cr+++, As++, Hg++, SeO3 =, Pt++++ and Cu++ essentially completely to corresponding metals in a reasonable time. Therefore, the method of this invention is useful for reducing the concentrations of mixtures of toxic or obnoxious ionic species in waste waters to corresponding metals and for removing significant amounts of the metals from the waste solutions.
It has also been found that ionic species of zinc and cadmium are partially reduced to corresponding metals by Pseudomonas organisms and that significant accumulation of zinc and cadmium in the organisms of the culture serves to reduce the concentration of these ionic species in the waste water. Therefore, despite the way in which treatment of waters, contaminated with Zn++ or Cd++, operates, the concentration of these ions in the waste solution being treated is nevertheless decreased.
The amount of reduction of various metallic ions in waste waters was demonstrated by analyzing incubates by sucrose gradient analysis. Metal content of the various sucrose gradients permitted accounting for the disposition of the metallic ions in a sample, following treatment with the active cultures.
Treatment of the mixture of waste water and culture can be done in an essentially liquid medium. That is, when the waste water or aqueous waste solution is relatively free of dispersed particulate matter, the culture is added to the waste water in the form of a broth. Following the recommended incubation or treatment period, the incubate can be filtered and reduced metal species can be recovered from the residue on the filter. Elemental metal can be recovered, for example, by digesting the residue with nitric acid to destroy the cellular structure of the culture and to dissolve the metals entrained with the cells. The resulting nitrate solution is treated in conventional ways to recover corresponding elemental metals.
The waste waters can also be contacted with a supported cultures of Pseudomonas organism. The waste waters can be passed through one or more beds of microorganisms, immobilized on, or adhered to, beads of plastic, alginic acid or the like. Use of a bed of supported organism is preferred, because water treatment can be done continuously, with periodic withdrawal of the beds from service to recover reduced metal species therefrom. When the process is being done using supported microorganisms, it will be understood that materials required for meeting the nutrient requirements of the cells of the culture are added to the feed of aqueous waste. The pH of the feed stream will also be adjusted, as necessary.
In batch processes for treating aqueous waste streams, the concentration of microorganisms will preferably be at least 108 cells/ml of solution, while for continuous processes, the concentration of organimsms will be at least 104 cells/ml of waste solution. More preferably, concentrations of cells for continous and batch processes will be above 1011 and 107 cells/ml, respectively. The preferred maximum concentration of cells during treatment is determined by the rheology of the resulting system. However, in general, the cellular content should not exceed 1018 and 1015 cells/ml for batch and continuous processes, respectively.
The process of this invention can be carried out in several stages. When the aqueous feed contains high concentrations of heavy metal species, it is preferred to treat the feeds by several treatment steps, each of which results in reducing the concentration of heavy metal species in the feed.
It has been found that addition of an antibiotic, particular penicillin, ampicillin or 6-aminopenicillanic acid, improves the process. A preferred level of antibiotic addition is 50 micrograms/ml. The preferred antibiotic is ampicillin.
It is proposed that reduction of metal species by the Pseudomonas culture is accomplished by a reductase enzyme, secreted by the organisms. However, it will be understood that the applicants do not wish to be bound by any proposed theoretical explanations and that the protection being sought is that, set forth in the appended claims.
In a most preferred embodiment, the process of this invention is carried out under aerobic conditions and air is bubbled through a culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 and aqueous waste solution. For a continuous process, a concentration of at least 104 cells/ml is preferred. For a batch process, a minimum concentration of 108 cells/ml. is preferred.
Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
In the following examples, temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.
Minimal medium concentrate is prepared by dissolving ingredients, shown in Table 1, in 1000 mL of distilled water. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 7.2 with 4N HCl. The concentrate is sterilized by autoclaving.
Medium is prepared by diluting 100 mL of concentrate with 900 mL of distilled water.
Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 is grown in minimal medium of Example 1, to which is added trace amounts of representative heavy metal cations. The initial cellular concentration is 103 cells/ml of solution. The cultures are incubated at 30� C. for 12 h.
At the end of the incubation period, 2-ml aliquots of incubate are removed, placed on sucrose gradients and centrifuged. Aliquots of the various gradients are removed and analyzed for metal content by atomic absorption.
Each ionic metal species was incubated with a culture of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510.
Results for samples, containing various metals, are shown in Table 2. The figures shown represent the mean �SD for each series of three experiments.
The procedure used permits separation of medium from cells and heavy metal elements. The density of the heavy metal element is higher than that of a corresponding ionic species. Centrifugation of sugar gradients results in settling of elemental metals to the bottom layer (50% sucrose), and concentration of the cells in the middle layer (20% sucrose) and of ionic species in the top layer (10% sucrose).
TABLE 1______________________________________Concentrate for Minimal Media for Pseudomonas** grams______________________________________TRIS* 60.5(NH4)2 SO4 1Arginine 1Methionine 1NaCl 10KCl 10MgSO4 2Glucose 50beta-Glycerophosphate 6.8Alanine 1.8Phenylalanine 9Serine 2.20Valine 1.2______________________________________ *2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol **The solutes in the concentrate were dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water and pH was adjusted to 7.2 with 4 N HCl. The concentrate was sterilized by autoclaving. Minimal medium was prepared by diluting 100 ml of the concentrate with 900 ml of dist illed water.
TABLE 2______________________________________Distribution of Heavy Metal Species Demonstrated by SucroseGradient Analysis following Reduction with Pseudomonas.sup.(a) % Sucrose 10(Top).sup.(b) 20(Middle).sup.(c) 50(Bottom).sup.(d) [as % of total inorganic ions added/ ml of culture]______________________________________Controls.sup.(e) 89-100PbCl2 2 μg/mL 5 � 2 15 � 1 80 � 5AgCl2 20 μg/mL 1 � 1 6 � 0.5 93 � 6AuCl2 20 μg/mL 2 � 0.1 5 � 2 93 � 12HgCl2 20 μg/mL 4 � 2 10 � 1 86 � 6Na2 SeO3 3 μg/mL 8 � 4 28 � 4 64 � 15PtCl2 20 μg/mL 5 � 1 10 � 3 85 � 9CuCl2 20 μg/mL 3 � 2 7 � 6 90 � 4CdCl2 20 μg/mL 25 � 5 40 � 1 35 � 13ZnCl2 20 μg/mL 50 � 8 38 � 4 12 � 2______________________________________ .sup.(a) Results represent mean � SD .sup.(b) Metal content of medium layer .sup.(c) Metal content of bacterial layer .sup.(d) Elemental metal layer .sup.(e) Samples incubated with metals and without Pseudomonas culture
The culture-free samples (controls) have a high concentration (90-100%) of heavy metal ion in the top layer. Many incubated samples, containing active Pseudomonas culture, show high concentrations of elemental metal, as indicated by high metal content in the bottom (50% sucrose) gradient. These results show that Pb++, Ag+, Au+, Hg++, SeO3 =, Pt++ and Cu++ are reduced to the greatest extent by Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510. Results for the incubation of Cd++ and Zn++ with Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 suggest that concentration of these metals, in some form, in the cellular material, is significant and that some reduction to elemental metal also occurs.
Cultures are incubated at 30� C. as in Example 2. The initial concentration of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 53510 is 103 cells/ml. Aliquots are removed after 4, 8, 12 and 24 h and subjected to sucrose gradient analysis. Aliquots from the 50% sucrose layer are removed and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy for heavy metal content. An alternative analysis of samples is by filtration of an aliquot through a 0.45 micron filter, which is digested in nitric acid to determine metal content.
Results are given in Table 3. The first set of numbers corresponds to mean �SD for three sugar gradient experiments. The numbers in parentheses correspond to results from filtration studies, also from experiments in triplicate.
These experiments show that increased incubation time is associated with increasing reduction of ionic metallic species to elemental metal. These results further show that, after 12 hours' incubation, most of the readily-reducible metallic species have been reduced. As in Example 2, Cd++ and Zn++ were not as readily reduced. For corresponding culture-free experiments (controls), less than 4% of the ionic species are detected in the 50% sucrose gradient.
TABLE 3______________________________________Atomic Absorption and Membrane Filtration Analysesof Extent of Reduction of Heavy Metal Ionsby Pseudomonas as a Function of Time.sup.(a) Incubation Time.sup.(h) 4 8 12 24 [% of total inorganic ion added/ml of culture]______________________________________PbCl2 2 μg/mL 40 � 3 60 � 4 75 � 7 79 � 11 (36) (71) (70) (83)AgCl2 20 μg/mL 60 � 2 80 � 6 90 � 8 83 � 8 (51) (68) (88) (87)AuCl2 20 μg/mL 65 � 4 89 � 9 90 � 8 90 � 9 (69) (74) (86) (81)HgCl2 20 μg/mL 50 � 4 60 � 5 80 � 4 85 � 6 (55) (60) (73) (73)Na2 SeO3 3 μg/mL 35 � 1 46 � 5 59 � 10 48 � 4 (21) (36) (42) (40)PtCl2 20 μg/mL 20 � 6 60 � 8 79 � 14 89 � 8 (29) (71) (70) (71)CuCl2 20 μg/mL 71 � 3 79 � 10 88 � 6 90 � 9 (55) (89) (80) (83)CdCl2 20 μg/mL 10 � 2 9 � 3 30 � 9 40 � 8 (15) (25) (49) (50)ZnCl2 20 μg/mL 15 � 8 10 � 4 13 � 7 15 � 3 (38) (29) (30) (24)Controls.sup.(b) <4 <4 <4 <4______________________________________ .sup.(a) Results are shown as mean � SD for atomic absorption analysis of 50% sucrose layer (heavy metal element); results in parentheses are from membrane filtration analysis. .sup.(b) No Pseudomonas added.
Samples containing a mixture of heavy metal ions are incubated with Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 51510 (103 cells/ml) at 30� C. for 12 h. In one series of experiments, air is bubbled through the mixture of culture and sample at a rate of 1 ml./min. In the other series, no air was added, but the cultures were incubated in the ambient atmosphere.
At the end of 12 hrs' incubation, 4-ml aliquots are removed and filtered. The residue on the filter is digested in nitric acid and analyzed by atomic absorption for metal content. Results shown in Table 4 are for experiments in triplicate. The numbers given represent mean �SD.
Controls (culture-free sample) are analyzed by sucrose gradient analysis. The controls have less than 6% of the metal, initially present, in the form of elemental metal in the 50% sucrose layer.
These results show that bubbling air through the cultures and sample improves reduction of ionic species to corresponding metals and that all of the readily-reducible metals in the mixture, Pb++, Ag+, Au+, Hg++, Pt++ and Cu++, are reduced equally well.
Maximum reduction of ionic species of heavy metal ions is facilitated by using minimal medium, containing TRIS buffer, ammonium sulfate, arginine, methionine, sodium and potassium chlorides, magnesium sulfate, glucose, betaglycerophosphate, alanine, phenylalanine, serine and valine.
For a continuous process, incubation at a level of at 107 cells/ml is preferred. For a batch process, the culture level is preferably 1011 cells/ml.
Bubbling air through the mixture of sample and culture improves the conversion of ionic species to elemental metal.
Addition of an antibiotic, such as ampicillin (50 micrograms/ml) also benefits the process. Contemplated equivalent antibiotics are penicillin and 6-aminopenicillanic acid at levels of 100 micrograms/ml.
TABLE 4______________________________________Effect of Aeration on Reduction of HeavyMetal Ions by Pseudomonas.sup.(a) With air Without air bubbling bubbling [% of total inorganic ion added/mL of culture]______________________________________PbCl2 2 μg/mL 93 � 6 70 � 7AgCl2 20 μg/mL 98 � 2 99 � 8AuCl2 20 μg/mL 100 � 8 90 � 5HgCl2 20 μg/mL 90 � 4 80 � 9PtCl2 20 μg/mL 94 � 6 70 � 3CuCl2 20 μg/mL 100 � 3 80 � 7Control.sup.(b) <6 <6______________________________________ .sup.(a) Mean � SD. .sup.(b) No Pseudomonas added
Cultures of Pseudomonas maltophilia ATCC 51510 are grown in the presence of methyl mercury, tetraethyl lead or tributyl tin for 48 h at 32� C. without aeration. Two-ml aliquots of the resulting mixture are filtered or placed on a sucrose gradient. The following metals (as % of amount added) are found on the filter or in the 50% layer of the sucrose gradient, respectively: Hg, 66%, 48%; Pb, 45%, 39% and Sn 38%, 44%. In control experiments, 90-100% of the metals are recovered in the filtrate or in the top layer of the sucrose gradient.
The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.
From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of this invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.
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It's a moment that will follow him for the rest of his career. What Overton is hoping won't follow him for the rest of his career, however, is an altercation that put the Indiana grad in the spotlight for the wrong reasons on Saturday.
As the Bloomington Herald-Times reported, Overton was back in his old stomping grounds to present a $50,000 check at the Indiana-Kentucky game to Play Golf America, and watch his alma mater go toe-to-toe against the top team in the country.
Those were the highlights of the trip. The lowlights came after the game, when Overton's limo was pulled over for blocking traffic. It wouldn't have been that big of a deal except Overton was yelling at people on the street and causing a scene that gave police enough cause to ask the pro golfer to step out of the vehicle.
That's when things went south ... in a hurry.
... Overton repeatedly refused to give his ID to police and refused to step out of the limo. A police report described Overton's behavior as "belligerent," and he reportedly told officers "he wasn't going to do anything." Police say he smelled of alcohol, his eyes were glassy and his speech was slurred.
To make matters worse, Overton tried to pull away from the officers as he was being arrested for public intoxication and disorderly conduct. Yeah, I'm going to go out on a limb and say that was a really bad idea.
The stunt ended up tacking on a third misdemeanor for evading arrest to Overton's list of charges. Overton told the paper he felt his "rights were violated," which seems really silly when you realize his antics in the limo were the reason he got questioned in the first place.
Hopefully Overton uses this mugshot for the Christmas card he's sending to Tim Finchem. I'm sure it'd go front and center on the fireplace mantel.
- Sports & Recreation
- Jeff Overton


text:
Impacts of increasing anthropogenic aerosols on the atmospheric circulation trends of the Southern Hemisphere: An air-sea positive feedback
Article first published online: 13 DEC 2007
Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.
Geophysical Research Letters
Volume 34, Issue 23, December 2007
Additional Information
How to Cite
2007), Impacts of increasing anthropogenic aerosols on the atmospheric circulation trends of the Southern Hemisphere: An air-sea positive feedback, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23709, doi:10.1029/2007GL031706., and (
Publication History
- Issue published online: 13 DEC 2007
- Article first published online: 13 DEC 2007
- Manuscript Accepted: 9 NOV 2007
- Manuscript Revised: 11 OCT 2007
- Manuscript Received: 21 AUG 2007
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- anthropogenic aerosols;
- atmospheric circulation;
- poleward shift
[1] A recent model study shows that in response to an increasing aerosol forcing, the Southern Hemisphere (SH) ocean circulation, including the Agulhas outflow, its retroflection, and the entire subtropical gyre circulation intensify and shift polewards. Are these oceanic responses manifested in the SH atmospheric circulation? We demonstrate that as a result of the poleward shift, maximum sea surface temperature (SST) gradients, midlatitude storms and the westerly jet shift southward, intensifying the trend of the southern annular mode (SAM). Because the response of the atmospheric circulation to the underlying oceanic anomalies is equivalent barotropic, a poleward shift and intensification in zonal wind and vertical velocities are generated from the atmosphere-ocean interface to the middle troposphere. These atmospheric circulation responses, in turn, reinforce the ocean circulation changes. This constitutes an air-sea positive feedback. Our results illustrate an impact of Northern Hemisphere (NH) aerosols on the SH atmospheric circulation trends through a SH ocean circulation response.


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Side Effects Of HIV Or Medications
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A side effect of HIV or medications ? JBHi Dr's thanks for sharing your time helping on this great website . I have been on the same medications for over a year and a half zerit , epivir and sustiva with a stable tcell count at 650+ a high percent and an undetectable viral load ( a couple...
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Banter in Belfast
... of Thrones.
Our first stop on the way was that of Mussenden Temple, this Italian inspired rotunda sits precariously on the edge of a craggy cliff and gives spectacular views both north and south along the rugged coast, (it is the setting of the burning of the gods in the show).
Accompanying the temple is a large abandoned complex, this is easy to understand as after about 5 minutes out of the car in the freezing North Atlantic wind we were good to ...
... least one mural, and a clock tower. I saw some of the massive old yellow H&W cranes that helped build the Titanic and a Yellow Submarine! Eventually, we came upon a sign for a dinner that led us down a tiny close to get to the restaurant. But we got 2 sirloins with a side, and a bottle of wine for 20 pounds, so it was worth it. Then, we went to sleep in preparation for the next ...
BELFAST/Antrim Coast Road to Giants Causeway.
... the bottom of the steps, Kevin said they needed you to organise them!!! Bushmills whiskey stop was a disappointment as we never had time to take the tour. The causeway. It was great, again we walked, climbed the rocks and listened to our handsets, they are always very entertaining. The hexagonal rocks/pillars in some places are not massive, the talks ones are tall but each side would only be 6"-8". They certainly look a bit rare. The causeway has been a ...
Hey where did we go ...
... together
Every scrapbook stuck with glue
And I'll stand beside you' ('Beside You')
11 Murals and the Oh Yeah Music Centre
'Chamois cleaning all the windows,
Singing songs about Edith Piaf's soul.
And I hear blue strains of "no regredior"
Across the street from Cathedral Notre Dame … ' ('St Dominic's Preview')
So ...
The Trouble with Belfast
... the hull where I could see re-enactments of riveters piecing together the mighty ship. Ahead of that was a room with morse code blurting out of the speaker system. Upon closer inspection, the transcripts of each of these messages was inscribed in order on the walls around me. Some of them were incredibly moving, particularly the final, frantic messages from the Titanic's operator, desperately asking for assistance.
Afterwards I went outside to get some air ...


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FOX Sports Exclusive
Patrick goes cowgirl at Texas
FORT WORTH, Texas
What's it take to become a NASCAR buckle bunny?
DANICA'S BESTThere's no one like Danica, both on and off the track. Check out some of our favorite photos of Danica in action.
About 10,000 Twitter followers.
Last year when Ricky Stenhouse Jr. was looking to increase his fan base on the popular social media tool, he sought the advice of Danica Patrick — who is in a league of her own with 886,000-plus followers. That's when the deal was struck: In return for her help in building his Twitter following, Stenhouse Jr. would reward her with a cowboy belt buckle similar to the rodeo attire worn by the two-time Nationwide Series champion.
"This started at the beginning of last year when he wanted some Twitter followers," Patrick said. "I said, 'If I help you with that can I have a belt buckle?' That started at Daytona. So he had it made. I got it just before the second Texas race last year so I wore it last year at the end of the year."
The gold buckle features Patrick's logo in the center flanked with diamond encrusted Nos. 10 and 7 – the two car numbers she drove last year. Underneath in capital letters is her name. And it will go nicely with this get-up.
"It was very nice. I know these things are handmade, they're not cheap, and it's really cool to have," Patrick said. "It says 'To the fastest girl in town' so it was a nice gift. He didn't actually need to live up to the bet but it was nice that he did."
Who knew at the time that the gift would end up being a pseudo-cowboy promise ring for NASCAR's most popular dating drivers, who are both competing for the rookie of the year title in the Sprint Cup Series.
Last Friday at Martinsville Speedway, when Stenhouse received his championship buckle he was asked whether Patrick would receive a duplicate. He replied, "She already has one."
When Stenhouse won his second Nationwide Series title last year, he said he would prefer a buckle, as was commonplace in NASCAR before championship rings came into vogue.
While it's not unusual for Stenhouse Jr. to don a cowboy hat and boots as well, Patrick is saving those for race day here at Texas Motor Speedway. On Friday, Patrick was styling in her sneakers.
A PAIR TO WATCHGet to know NASCAR's first couple: Danica Patrick and Ricky Stenhouse Jr.
"I'll be honest, I put on the cowboy boots this morning because I got a new pair," Patrick said. "The jeans are too short, first off, and you just can't wear boots if the jeans are too short. They look really good but man I kind of feel like I'm dressing up for the track.
"Being someone who likes to dress up you think that would be OK, but I felt weird walking through the garage with boots instead of tennis shoes. I'm going to wear them tomorrow though – race day. They're going to be my game-day shoes. So I've got to find some longer jeans and I'm going to wear them. I'll be a little taller but I'll look the part, right?"
Fortunately for Patrick, the GoDaddy driver will be styling in whatever she decides to wear.
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NASCAR Headlines
Manion new crew chief for Annett, No. 7 at Tommy Baldwin Racing
Spencer: BK Racing ready to run Cup with Bowman, Ryan Truex
Report: NASCAR considering making changes to Chase playoff format
Cole Custer, turning 16 this week, set to run limited Truck schedule
Richard Petty Motorsports, Almirola sign 3-year extension with sponsor
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Alben Barkley Museum in Paducah closing
PADUCAH, Ky. (AP) — The Alben Barkley Museum in Paducah is closing and artifacts concerning the former vice president will be offered to another museum.
The historic home that houses the museum is being sold to the city.
Barkley served as vice president from 1949 to 1953 under President Harry Truman.
Lake Barkley on the Cumberland River is named in his honor.
Former Barkley Museum board chairman Dan Boaz said the Barkley artifacts are being offered to the Market House Museum.
Other items related to Paducah's early history will be dispersed to the Market House and other museums.
Boaz said funds left to the museum by the history teacher who championed it have been exhausted and the board has been unsuccessful in finding additional finances.
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Recent activities include:
Waking the Frog – Book Launch
Dated: November 27, 2014
My new book "Waking the Frog: Solutions to our Climate Change Paralysis" was launched with a talk in the MaRS Auditorium. A series of versions of that talk can be found here – Short Version (2 mins) – Password: tomrandshort Longer version (9 mins) – Password: … Continue reading
The Future of Energy
Dated: September 1, 2014
Tom Rand discusses MaRS Cleantech and the big picture: economic growth, climate disruption, cleantech innovations and the energy incumbents. Features ArcTern portfolio companies Sparq Solar, Woodland Biofuels, Hydrostor and Morgan Solar. Future of energy: Tom Rand (Full) from MaRS Discovery … Continue reading
TV: on Power & Politics w Evan Solomon
Dated: July 26, 2014
Evan's a great interviewer – here he presses me on a few key issues. With the recent (unsurprising) approval by the feds of the controversial Northern Gateway pipeline, attention re-focussed on Canada's energy sector. Pipeline politics are a lightning rod … Continue reading
TV: Lang & O'Leary, CTV
Dated: April 24, 2014
Lang and O'Leary: Interview on CTV's Canada AM (April 22, 2014) Interview on CTVNews (April 22, 2014)
Sea Change 2013: Sailing in Shetlands – A Cape Farewell Journey
Dated: September 4, 2013
I've embarked on a 12 day journey on a hundred-year-old wooden sailing boat – the Swan, one of the original fleet of herring boats that caught fish off the Shetlands with drift-nets, wind and manual labour. I'm with scientists, artists … Continue reading


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The Harbor Has Crabs!
The crabs are here! Come on down to the harbor and get them fresh off the boats. Continue Reading
We are located where old growth redwoods meet 3 miles of sandy beach right here at the harbor. We offer a new, state-of-the-art, tsunami resistant marina, with modern amenities for both recreational boaters and commercial fisherman. The Crescent City Harbor District is your central point to enjoy both the Northern California Coast and the Redwoods State and National Parks.
The Harbor has many businesses on site including:
There are more restaurants and hotels directly across the street and many other business close by in town. If you like, we can arrange everything from rental cars to helicopter tours. Come visit your new favorite place on the coast.


text: 1 GSP Print Artist Platinum 24 6 reviews Windows Full edition Licenses: 1 PC Media: CD Home delivery Order & Collect £29.99 was £39.99 Save £10.00 Product details Put the fun back into desktop publishing with Avanquest's Print Artist Platinum 24 and let your creative juices flow! The world is your creative oyster Whatever artistic thought pops into your head can be turned into reality with Platinum 24. This version provides over 27,000 design templates that will enable you to create a whole bevy of items, including banners, brochures, calendars and greeting cards and much more. Mind-boggling graphics Platinum 24also provides over 375,000 awesome... Find out more More info


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Graphic detail
Financing terrorism: Looking in the wrong places
Hindering flows across international financial networks is costly and does not stop terrorists' primary activity0
Another top accounting firm is slammed by the law0
Auditing: Crime and punishment
Can the government afford to indict one of the Big Four accounting firms?0
Corporate tax: A taxing battle
Governments around the world are scrabbling for scarce corporate taxes0
Accountancy and law: Back to basics
The aspirations of accountancy firms in the law are faltering0
Auditors and the law: Gunning for KPMG
The SEC trains its sights on a second big accountancy firm0
The accounting industry expects more litigation and higher audit fees0
The incredible shrinking auditor0
The demise of the famous—and huge—accounting firm of Andersen has become more imminent, with the collapse of a proposed merger of its non-American partnerships with another of the "Big Five" of global accountancy, KPMG. Facing a criminal indictment in America, and demands for compensation from the disgruntled shareholders in firms, such as Enron, where Andersen botched the audit, Andersen's days seem numbered0
Andersen & KPMG attempt a deal
One of the "Big Five" firms of accountants, KPMG, wants to merge with the non-America operations of Andersen, whose mishandling of Enron's audit has brought it to its knees. This is a deal that faces many hurdles0
Andersen & KPMG attempt a deal
One of the Big Five firms of accountants, KPMG, wants to merge with the non-America operations of Andersen, whose mishandling of Enron's audit has brought it to its knees. This is a deal that faces many hurdles0
Andersen & KPMG attempt a deal
One of the Big Five firms of global accountants, KPMG, is attempting to merge with the non-American operations of another, Andersen, whose mishandling of Enron's audit has brought it to its knees. However, the deal faces many hurdles. Will the new entity be able to exclude Enron-related liabilities? Will some local offices attempt their own deals? And will Europe's competition authorities allow further consolidation?0
European chemicals: Plus ça change
After a decade of upheavals, the industry is back in trouble0
Accountants are under attack from all sides, and say their survival is under threat. No such luck0
Graphic detail
The Economist explains: Why the euro zone is recovering
The Economist explains
The Economist explains: How does a denial-of-service attack work?
The Economist explains
Prada's bad year: Fashion disaster
Business and finance
Saudi Arabia and Yemen: An easier road in than out
Middle East and Africa
Nigeria's election: Hail to democracy
Middle East and Africa
Yemen: The old man who won't go away
Middle East and Africa
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Seriously this wait is killing me
Ever notice how waiting for the first pods to ripen up seem to take FOREVER? Almost everything I'm growing this year I've never even tried before. I'm so eager to test these guys out. This is what I have growing in the office:
White Habanero
Thai (which is now approaching the 4 ft. tall mark in an 8" pot)
Royal Black
Red Manzano
Lemon Drop
7 Pot
Bhut Jolokia
And one unknown, C. Annuum with conical peppers, like 4-5" long and 1.5-2" wide at the shoulder.
Two other projects are watermelon and dragonfruit.
So let me just say the Manzano is the craziest pepper I ever did grow. It's a total rockstar, it has leaves bigger than my hand and the plant just keeps getting bigger and bigger. It's so unique as well with the fur and the purple flowers.
Lemon Drop was soooo slow after it came up it didn't grow for probably a month and a half then all of the sudden it got a growth spurt and is catching up to all the rest.
Royal Black is a beautiful plant, it had full sets of branches when it was only 6" tall. Really nice with the purple flowers and upright peppers.
The white hab is setting pods left and right now, I'm impressed with it's output compared to my orange hab that I grew a few years ago.
The anaheim is the only pepper I have had the pleasure of eating so far. It was delicious, with that low undertone of heat.
Of the superhots, the Bhut still hasn't set a pod yet but after the last failure I had with them, this year is looking much more promising. The 7 has one pod started and I can't wait to try it.
This is a 100% indoor, soil based, natural light grow. We are fortunate enough to have a massive glass roof section running the length of our building. All seeds were germinated near the end of december (seems kind of slow actually).
Hopefully they don't keep me waiting much longer!


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Mostly one neo-nazi guy
Submitted by legalizeliberty on Fri, 01/04/2013 - 20:14. Permalink
--created several accounts here.
Mods have to take care of that or else this site will become a joke.
LL on Twitter: http://twitter.com/LibertyPoet
sometimes LL can suck & sometimes LL rocks!
Love won! Deliverance from Tyranny is on the way! Col. 2:13-15
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text: Idea Exchange: Save time with a copy Jan 01, 2013 By dvm360.com staff VETERINARY MEDICINE Instead of taking the time to write out the tapering dosage schedule for prednisone, we make a photocopy of the prednisone label and place it in the chart. This practice saves time and improves efficiency. Dr. Cindy Tessman Columbia, Mo. Related linksIdea Echange: Create picture perfect recordsIdea Exchange: Charting adverse reactions to vaccines Hot topics on dvm360Pol on defense as Michigan veterinary board discusses negligence charges Photo gallery: The top 10 veterinary schools in America, according to U.S. News Front Desk Disasters, Episode 3: Dude looks like a lady Video: Flea hideouts in the house Veterinarians: Your clients are going to Google with these cat questions


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Stephen Kelly hopes Fulham can bounce back from SaturdayŌĆÖs surprise loss to West London rivals QPR.
The Cottagers gifted the RŌĆÖs their first victory of the season with a 2-1 result at Loftus Road and defender Kelly wants a rapid response when they travel to Liverpool this weekend.
"It is something we have to learn from and look ahead to the next game,ŌĆØ he told the clubŌĆÖs official website.
ŌĆ£We've got a big match at Liverpool on Saturday. It's a tough place to go but we did well there last year."
Fulham sits 13th on the league table following the defeat whilst Liverpool dropped to 12th after they were beaten 3-1 at Anfield by Aston Villa on Saturday.
Click here to reach the No1 destination for hard news and exciting gossip on Fulham


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Botanist sends death threats to Ill. police over cougar
One letter to police officers started, "Dear Cougar Killers. ... Prepare to DIE like the Cougars you killed"
Associated Press
CHICAGO — A botanist and lichen specialist who was upset that Chicago police shot and killed a wild cougar in 2008 pleaded guilty Thursday to federal charges of mailing threatening letters to then-Chicago Mayor Richard Daley, police officers and others.
Richard D. Hyerczyk, 54, of Chicago, admitted in a plea deal that one letter to police officers started, "Dear Cougar Killers. ... Prepare to DIE like the Cougars you killed." Other letters said officers' children would be "tortured and killed."
Standing in a federal courtroom in a dark suit, his hands folded in front of him, the lanky Hyerczyk responded in a soft voice, "Yes, your honor," when asked if the description in a 16-page plea agreement of what he did was accurate.
Hyerczyk is a botany graduate from Chicago's St. Xavier University and a founder of the Chicago Lichenological Society, according to the website of the Chicago Botanical Garden, where he worked as an occasional instructor.
"Other interests include his home garden, where he tends grapes and potatoes," a biography on the website said.
The event that set him off happened on April 15, 2008, when police responded to calls about the large cat running through a residential neighborhood. They shot the 125-pound male cougar six times, and police later defended the shooting by saying the animal could have killed someone.
Cougars were thought to have been extinct in Illinois. Biologists later confirmed the cougar made its way to Illinois through Wisconsin, possibly originating in South Dakota.
One letter Hyerczyk sent threatened to "burn down" a property then-Mayor Daley owned in Michigan.
In all, Hyerczyk sent over 90 threatening letters over nine years, including to university departments, the plea agreement said. Some were sent before the cougar was killed, but prosecutors provided few details.
Despite the span of the ominous letters, assistant U.S. attorney Christopher Veatch said after the hearing that Hyerczyk wasn't deemed a threat. He was released on $4,500, and left the courthouse Thursday evening without speaking to reporters.
"As we stand here today ... we do not view him as a risk to the community," Veatch said.
A search warrant was executed at Hyerczyk's home a year ago, but authorities released information about the case for the first time Thursday. For the one count of mailing a threatening communications, he faces up to five years in prison. His sentencing is set for April 11.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press
Copyright 2015 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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Botanist sends death threats to Ill. police over cougar
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- 5 Suspect dead, 8 cops injured in Ariz. melee


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Septet in E flat Major, Op. 20
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Septet in E flat Major, Op. 20 (Study Score). Composed by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). For Chamber Ensemble (Study Score). Eulenburg Taschenpartituren (Pocket Scores). Study Score. 82 pages. Eulenburg Edition #ETP12. Published by Eulenburg Edition (HL.49009457).
ISBN 3795766486. 5.25x7.5 inches.
Violin, viola, violoncello, double bass, clarinet, horn and bassoon.
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Septet in E flat Major, Op. 20
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Diedrich Bader
Jeff Bennett
Red Hood/Joker
Guest Star
Diedrich Bader
Guest Star
Will Friedle
Blue Beetle
Recurring Role
Tom Kenny
Plastic Man
Recurring Role
James Arnold Taylor
Green Arrow
Recurring Role
Trivia: The alternate Batmans include: 1) a cowboy Batman; 2) a "Hulk" Batman; 3) a vampire Batman; 4) an armored/futuristic "Solar" Batman; 5) a swashbuckler/priateBatman; and 6) a large-brained psionic Batman.
Heroes/villains appearing without dialogue: Aquaman, Atom, Red Tornado, Black Manta, Dr. Polaris, Gentleman Ghost, Clock King, The Brain, Gorilla Grodd
Owlman: You know I'll be back somehow to even the score, Batman.
Batman: And you know I'll take you down every time.
Batman: Owlman! You beat my failsafe holding cell.
Owlman: A titanium alloy 7-pin, 8-cam lock, with only three layers of redundancy. That wouldn't have stopped you.
Joker: Tsk, tsk, tsk, Batman. Our game was so simple--brooding hero, dashing devil-may care villain. I strap you to a drill press, you lock me in a rubber room. and it's fits and giggles till Aunt Fannie comes home.
Batman: How do you know about my impostor?
Joker: Still wound tighter than a straitjacket, I see. Ah, you're the dull deal, all right.
Joker: We'll make the bestest team ever! Joker and Batman! (Batman frowns) Fine, Batman and Joker. Take top billing, but why is it always me compromising for the sake of the act?
Joker: So what does this button do?
Batman: Don't touch that.
Joker: What's this one do?
Batman: Don't touch that.
Joker: What's this one do?
Batman: Don't touch that.
Joker: Ooh, shiny. What does this one do?
Batman: You really don't want to touch that. (Joker touches it, spraying knockout gas in his own face) Told you not to touch it.
Joker: Jimmy Christmas, the Batcave? Look at all your toys! Oh, an entire wing for moi? I knew you cared.
Joker: I hope you're hungry. You're about to be served a heaping double-dip of justice!
Joker: (over the radio) Listen, you creep in bat's clothing. We don't make deals with criminal scum.
Batman: Don't touch my radio. (takes the mike) We don't make deals with criminal scum. Usually.
Batman: (point out the car controls) Brake, choke, throttle.
Joker: Ooh! My kind of fun.
Joker: Bats, based on this little adventure, if you weren't the stalwart hero and I wasn't the homicidal maniac, we could have been friends.
International Airdates:
UK: May 21, 2009 on Cartoon Network
Injoke: Batman's use of a microphone and simple voice command to stop the Batmobile inches from himself is a reference to 1989's Batman directed by Tim Burton in which Batman, portrayed by Michael Keaton, performs a similar task.
Injoke: The plot device of an enemy stealing Batman's files on how to defeat his teammates is taken from the "Tower of Babel" arc of JLA (issues #43-46). The method used to defeat Plastic Man (freezing using Mr. Freeze's technology) is the same one used here.
On the episode's premiere airing, transmission was delayed by a half hour so that it aired at 8:30 Eastern.
Injoke: There are several homages to the 60s Batman series. Batman's flashback to being attacked by a giant clam is from the cliffhanger for "The Joker's Hard Times." The flashback to the keycutter deathtrap is from "The Impractical Joker". That episode also featured a Wax Spray Chamber that turned Robin into a wax sculpture, similar to the deathtrap Owlman offers to the Joker. The electric chair deathtrap is from "The Greater Mother of Them All" (with Ma Parker, not the Joker). And the freeze gun that Owlman uses against Plastic Man is taken from the weapon used by the various Mr. Freezes throughout the series.
Injoke: The costume which Owlman uses while framing Batman is the exact design depicted in Batman's first appearance in Detective Comics #27 in May 1939 while being called "The Bat-Man." The costume can be identified by the long curved ears on the cowl, simple yellow belt, purple hand gloves rather than Batman's iconic finned gloves and an earless bat symbol. The series notably omits the costumes use of a gun which was present in the earlier comics prior to the depiction of Batman's vow against the use of firearms.
Character bios: the Joker, Owlman and the Crime Syndicate
S 3 : Ep 15
Aired 11/18/11
S 3 : Ep 14
Aired 11/4/11
S 3 : Ep 13
Aired 10/28/11
S 3 : Ep 12
Aired 10/21/11
User Score: 2391
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Welcome to Net House Bed & Breakfast a new way to stay in Cusco, located 3 Blocks from the Main Square just in front... More Info »
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text:
- Publisher: Disney Interactive Studios
- Release Date: Jun 19, 2002
User Score
Generally favorable reviews- based on 4 Ratings
User score distribution:
Positive: 3 out of 4
Mixed: 0 out of 4
Negative: 1 out of 4
Review this game
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There are no positive user reviews yet.
While Stitch never provides more than a mild challenge, it's thoroughly entertaining.
The awful camera throws a bucket of painfully cold water on an otherwise good time. [August 2002, p.130]
As a stand alone game could have benefited from just a bit of extra tweaking in the controls and graphics department, but as a companion game to the movie, it does satisfy the non-novice gamer.


text:
GameTrailers.com has just released a brand new trailer for the upcoming Terminator Salvation video game, that ties into the feature film that opens nationwide on May 21. Click below to take a deeper look into this new third-person shooter video game.
Terminator Salvation was released May 21st, 2009 and stars Christian Bale, Sam Worthington, Moon Bloodgood, Helena Bonham Carter, Anton Yelchin, Jadagrace, Bryce Dallas Howard, Common. The film is directed by McG.


text:
Vixen - R130Sf 130mm Newtonian Reflector Telescope and Starbook S Package with GP2 MountR130Sf 130mm Newtonian Reflector Telescope and Starbook S Package with GP2 Mount ... Learn More
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Vixen - 95mm VMC95L (f/11) Modified Cassegrain Optical Tube Assembly
The Vixen VMC95L, is a 95 mm (3.7 inch) aperture modified Cassegrain f/11 optical tube assembly.The VMC95L is intriguing in its own right with interesting features including a curved vane Secondary Mirror Spider to reduce diffraction effects... Learn MoreFREE SHIPPINGModel#: 2614(48 States)
Vixen - 95mm VMC95L (f/11) Reflector Telescope - (Mini Porta Mount)
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Vixen - Space Eye 70mm Refractor Telescope
This "Entry" Level telescope has features and quality found on many higher priced optical tubes.From the mount slow motion handles to the diagonal eyepiece holder, this telescope will get you started in your exploration of the night sky... Learn MoreModel#: 32752
Vixen - Nature Eye Refractor Telescope
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Weighing in at 14.3 lbs this 5.5 inch Vixen telescope is an incredible performer. Deep Sky objects are easily visible and Astro-Imagers looking for a fast instrument with clear aperture will be impressed with the NA140's performance.
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text:
Americans 'Waste' Four-Billion Dollars In Gold Every Year By Pooping It Out
Next time someone says you're full of crap, take it as a compliment.
Next time someone says you're full of crap, take it as a compliment.
What would you do if your kid got off the bus and told you they were strip-searched at school?
Who would have thought that all those jokes about powering your vehicle after a meal at your favorite Mexican restaurant would one day be a reality?
Okay, I get it. But I'm still not sure if I'd be able to take them!
His parents will have to make sure that they use this one in the slideshow at his wedding someday.
Ready for a quick game of "Where's Waldo?"
What can I say, the title sums it up rather accurately. Watch.
This man pulled off the best April Fool's joke we've seen in a long, long time, and actually got his kid to think he may have pooped his pants. Bravo, Dad, Bravo!
Mom and Grandma are absolutely delighted, right up until things get messy.
When nature calls, you really have to answer.


text:
This wire shred is wonderful for decorations and crafts. Use like tinsel to decorate or fill a gift bag or basket to match party decor. These pretty iridescent colors make a party more festive. Each package contains 0.7 oz of metallic shred.
" Hello, I just received my first order today and I wanted to let you know how pleased I am with what your company has sent me! I liked it even... "


text:
The Read-Aloud HandbookPaperback Read-Aloud Handbook
List price $18.00
You save $3.95 21% off
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- Publisher: Penguin Books
- Format: Paperback | 351 pages
- Dimensions: 150mm x 226mm x 28mm | 380g
- Publication date: 25 June 2013
- Publication City/Country: New York
- Edition: 7
- Edition statement: 7th
- Illustrations note: black & white illustrations, black & white line drawings
- Sales rank: 20,762
Product description
The classic million-copy bestselling handbook on reading aloud to children--revised and updated Recommended by "Dear Abby" upon its first publication in 1982, millions of parents and educators have turned to Jim Trelease's beloved classic for more than three decades to help countless children become avid readers through awakening their imaginations and improving their language skills. It has also been a staple in schools of education for new teachers. This updated edition of "The Read-Aloud Handbook" discusses the benefits, the rewards, and the importance of reading aloud to children of a new generation. Supported by delightful anecdotes as well as the latest research (including the good and bad news on digital learning), "The Read-Aloud Handbook" offers proven techniques and strategies for helping children discover the pleasures of reading and setting them on the road to becoming lifelong readers.
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Revisit, Reflect, Retell
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Author information
Jim Trelease is a frequently cited author who has spent thirty years addressing parents, teachers, and librarians on the subjects of children, literature, and the challenges of multimedia to print. His other books include "Hey! Listen to This," for grades K-4, and "Read All About It!" for preteens and teens. He lives in Enfield, Connecticut.
Review quote
Praise for "The Read-Aloud Handbook" "This book is about more than reading aloud. It's about time that parents, teachers, and children spend together in a loving, sharing way."--"The Washington Post" "As I read this treasure of a book, I became more and more fascinated with its contents...I give it my unqualified recommendation."--"Dear Abby" "Reading aloud is a joyous experience for child and for parent. "The Read-Aloud Handbook" offers useful hints as to why the experience is so mutually rewarding and how to make it work."--Arthur Schlesinger "The Read-Aloud Handbook promises to give parents, teachers, and all others who care about children, reading, and the pursuit of happiness new inspiration."--"The Denver Post" "Fresh, vital, and inspirational...bravo for Trelease! I urge everyone who cares about literacy--and that should include people without children--to read this book."--"Los Angeles Herald Examiner"


text:
First Trust/Aberdeen Emerging Opportunity Fund Declares Quarterly Distribution of $0.35 Per Share Business Wire WHEATON, Ill. -- March 11, 2013 First Trust/Aberdeen Emerging Opportunity Fund (the "Fund") (NYSE: FEO) today declared its regularly scheduled quarterly distribution payable of $0.35 per share payable on March 28, 2013, to shareholders of record as of March 22, 2013. The ex-dividend date is expected to be March 20, 2013. The quarterly distribution information for the Fund appears below. First Trust/Aberdeen Emerging Opportunity Fund (FEO): Distribution per share: $ 0.35 Distribution rate based on the March 8, 2013 NAV of $23.90: 5.86% Distribution rate based on the March 8, 2013 closing market price of 6.13% $22.82: The Fund's current policy is to make level distributions each quarter in the amount of $0.35 per share. The majority, and possibly all, of this distribution will be paid out of net investment income earned by the Fund. A portion of this distribution may come from net short-term realized capital gains and/or return of capital. The final determination of the source and tax status of 2013 distributions will be made after the end of 2013. The Fund is a closed-end management investment company that seeks to provide a high level of total return. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 80% of its managed assets in a diversified portfolio of equity and fixed-income securities of issuers in emerging market countries. First Trust Advisors L.P., the Fund's investment advisor, along with its affiliate First Trust Portfolios L.P., are privately-held companies which provide a variety of investment services, including asset management and financial advisory services, with collective assets under management or supervision of approximately $69 billion as of February 28, 2013, through unit investment trusts, exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds, mutual funds and separate managed accounts. Aberdeen Asset Management Inc. ("Aberdeen") serves as the Fund's investment sub-advisor. Aberdeen is a wholly owned subsidiary of Aberdeen Asset Management PLC which is the parent company of an asset management group managing approximately $324.2 billion in assets as of January 31, 2013, including approximately $58.4 billion in global fixed-income securities, for a range of pension funds, financial institutions, investment trusts, unit trusts, offshore funds, charities and private clients. Past performance is no assurance of future results. Investment return and market value of an investment in the Fund will fluctuate. Shares, when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. The Fund is exposed to several risks including, but not limited to, the following: investment and market risk, management risk, emerging markets risk, equity securities risk, fixed-income securities risk, interest rate risk, non investment-grade securities risk, non-U.S. securities risk, government securities risk, non-U.S. government securities risk, currency risk, preferred stock risk, convertible securities risk, asset-backed securities risk, credit linked notes risk, credit default swaps risk, smaller capitalization risk, market discount from net asset value, leverage risk, derivatives risk, portfolio turnover risk, market disruption risk, inflation risk, and illiquid/restricted securities risk. The risks of investing in the Fund are spelled out in the prospectus, shareholder report and other regulatory filings. The Fund's daily New York Stock Exchange closing price and net asset value per share as well as other information can be found at www.ftportfolios.com or by calling 1-800-988-5891. Contact: First Trust/Aberdeen Emerging Opportunity Fund Press Inquiries: Jane Doyle, 630-765-8775 Analyst Inquiries: Jeff Margolin, 630-915-6784 Broker Inquiries: Jeff Margolin, 630-915-6784
First Trust/Aberdeen Emerging Opportunity Fund Declares Quarterly Distribution of $0.35 Per Share
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text:
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text:
Our Next Show
Fresh from the resounding success of their pantomime, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Storrington Dramatic Society are now deep into rehearsal for their Spring production. Last Tangos in Storrington, directed by Caroline Woodley, will be performed at Sullington Parish Hall on 19th, 20th & 21st March 2015 at 7.45 pm.
Intrigued? You should be. What is a last tango anyway? One more erotic dance before the band goes home? If you're of a certain age, Marlon Brando and butter may spring to mind - and there's a TV series you may have been watching, about an elderly couple having a last fling before… Well, before what? The final curtain?
The Society venture into new territory as they take a hard look, first, at the motivations and foibles of, guess what, amateur dramatic societies; and in the second item on a richly comic double bill, ponder on the administrative side of death and take a swipe at the self-serving jobsworths we all suffer.
In the first half, an unnervingly familiar amateur dramatic society is on the edge of closure, faced with a string of problems - until the chairman comes up with a brilliant idea, encapsulated in his one-word eureka-moment cry: "Sex!". Doubts soon give way to enthusiasm as the committee members lose their inhibitions and prepare to reveal onstage the shameful secrets and scandals of their fellow villagers. [Hang on a minute… er yes, that's us, readers - Ed.] After a chaotic and hilarious rehearsal period, the locals are presented with an evening of extraordinary home-grown drama - an evening they will never forget. And along the way the players - the real amateur actors - send themselves up unmercifully.
The second part of the evening takes a witty if somewhat biased look at the extremes of modern bureaucracy. A hard-driving senior local government officer starts dancing her last tango by killing herself in a car crash. She then finds herself in a strange office where a filing clerk and his boss inform her that she needs to be 'properly processed' before she can proceed to the afterlife.
The concluding scene links the two themes together and rounds off an evening of satirical, saucy, fast-moving visual and verbal comedy. All for the price of £8.
Tel 01903741708
Box office opens 2nd March at Fowlers Estate Agents Storrington and Nisa West Chiltington. Tickets also available online here. Don't miss it!


text:
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Grey pick and pick plain front regular fit suit trouser
Item No.46497_0037525A
The Jeff Banks Black Label collection draws its influence from the traditions of British tailoring. It is designed with the sophisticated man in mind who appreciates superior attire and a flattering silhouette. The waist, seat and leg are cut for a regular yet refined fit. Tailored from a superior wool rich blend which acts as a natural climate control, the cloth also provides durability which will extend the life of the garment.
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- Flat front
- Zip and button fastening waistband
- Belt loops
- Slant side pockets with double back hip pocket
- Outer fabric: 100% wool
- Trousers half lined: 100% polyester
- Dry clean only
- Model height: 6ft 1"
- Model is wearing: 34R