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The patent foramen ovale–migraine question
- S. J. Tepper,
- F. D. Sheftell,
- M. E. Bigal
- … show all 3 hide
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A strong association between migraine with aura and patent foramen ovale (PFO) with shunting has been suggested. Similarly, an association of migraine with aura and Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, probably also due to shunting though pulmonary arteriovenous malformations has been proposed. PFOs are also comorbid with cryptogenic strokes, refractory hypoxaemia in right ventricular infarction or severe lung disease, orthostatic oxygen desaturation and decompression illness in scuba divers.
Multiple open-label, retrospective and case-controlled studies of PFO closure report improvement of migraine with aura. MIST, the only prospective sham-controlled study of PFO closure for migraine with aura, did not reach its primary endpoint for migraine resolution, although it clearly demonstrated an association between migraine with aura and the severity of the PFO shunt. One reported secondary endpoint showed a significant 42% reduction of migraine days, suggesting the need for further randomised, sham-controlled PFO closure studies.
Article MetricsCitations
Co-published with
Other actions
- Title
- The patent foramen ovale–migraine question
- Journal
Neurological Sciences
Volume 28, Issue 2 Supplement, pp S118-S123
- Cover Date
- 2007-05-01
- 10.1007/s10072-007-0763-7
- Print ISSN
- 1590-1874
- Online ISSN
- 1590-3478
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Patent foramen ovale
- Migraine
- Stroke
- Atrial septal defect
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- S. J. Tepper (1) (2)
- F. D. Sheftell (1) (3)
- M. E. Bigal (1) (4) (5)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. The New England Center for Headache, 778 Long Ridge Road, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
- 2. Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
- 3. Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- 4. Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- 5. The New England Research Institute, Stamford, CT, USA


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Aliens: The Ultimate Doom (TC) [Survival-Horror Open World]Dec 23, 2014 Aliens: The Ultimate Doom (TC) News 1 comment
Kontra Kommando's E1M1 replacement using a modified Open World map by Ronnie42. Map darkened by Sid Doyle's Dark Doom mod.
Aliens vs Predator 3 Lover's
AvP2 Fortress
Colonial Marines Team
Cult Of The Xenomorphs
Aliens versus Predator Classic Redux
Kontra Kommando's E1M1 replacement using a modified Open World map by Ronnie42. Map darkened by Sid Doyle's Dark Doom mod.
The modification will have a Spanish version and an English version. La modificación tendrá una versión española y una versión inglesa
Of now, everything what one writes of the mod, we will write it in English
AVPSource.Net is kicking off it's 2nd event on October 9th at 7pm EST
I've been asked to bring this mod to your attention, and being the nice guy I am, I'll be doing just that.
Where do you find all these images though?
I haven't seen any new ones for a while (except these)
hello, i am now member
sooon alien will win alien predator is on there side
old video is old...
Add these:
I thing the Predalien is too big!!! XD
Hey guys ho wants too be the second Leader??? =)
Blood, blood, blood!
Awesome group.
Awesome group and really nice images! :)
Predator FTW! :D
Promote Aliens vs Predator Source on your homepage or blog by selecting a button and using the embed code provided (more).

subset: commoncrawl


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Quality Inn University
2015 Menaul Blvd. N.E.
Albuquerque, NM 87107
Phone: (505) 881-3210
Fax: (505) 888-1196
Arts & Museums
»Popejoy Hall Center for the Arts
Albuquerque's largest performing arts facility has been remodeled in recent years and now offers near perfect acoustics on the stage, orchestra pit, mezzanine and balcony. The center features four theaters and an art museum containing five galleries that house a permanent collection of more than 28,000 photographs, paintings, drawings and prints. This center is located in Popejoy Hall on UNM campus, just north of Cornell and Central. Matinee shows and weekend performances vary, call for information.
»UNM Observatory
A powerful-12 inch Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope is opened to the public on Friday nights, for a look at outer space. This is a fun, free and fascinating stop located two blocks north of Lomas on Yale. Many amateur astronomers take their personal telescopes and are always helpful and eager to share information about the galaxies. The UNM Physics and Astronomy Department maintains this observatory. Open on Friday nights only and when the local skies are clear, look for the dome on a little hill.
»University Art Museum
The University Art Museum hosts the state's largest collection of fine art. As an entity of the University of New Mexico, education is a key part of the museum's purpose. Guides are available for each exhibit. Perhaps best of all, entry is always free.
»New Mexico Steam Locomotive & Railroad Historical Society (NMSL&RHS)
Watch as NMSL&RHS volunteers restore the impressive Baldwin 4-8-4 Steam Locomotive, AT&SF 2926. Originally built in 1944, this colossal locomotive is on the National Register of Historic Places. Visit during open hours and learn about the rebuilding process as well as take a short tour. Who knows, you might just sign up to volunteer yourself.
»Maxwell Museum of Anthropology
With more than 10 million curated items, this museum on the University of New Mexico campus offers a large collection regarding human history and culture. The museum houses two permanent exhibits. "Ancestors" showcases the four million year history of the evolution of humankind. "People of the Southwest" is an in-depth record of 11,000 years of Southwestern culture. Other dynamic exhibits and a lecture series offer interpretations of man's history across the globe.
»Indian Pueblo Culture Center
The Indian Pueblo Culture Center is owned and operated by the 19 Pueblo Tribes of New Mexico. Visit the museums, galleries and gift shops where more than 305,000 visitors annually experience the culture, art and history of pueblo life. Children are welcome to join hands-on experiences in the Pueblo House Children's Museum. Art and craft workshops, various Indian Rites and many special celebrations and events are planned throughout the year. The Pueblo Harvest Cafe serves great New Mexican and Native American dishes at reasonable prices.
»Harwood Art Center
A surprising array of quality artwork greets you in one of four galleries that occupy space in this historic downtown building of Harwood Art Center. But the galleries are only part of this center. In other rooms, workshops for artists are held on subjects like marketing their work and career strategies. There is a small cafeteria inside and musicians and singers are featured often. This art center is a mecca for up and coming artists, and it brings the community cutting edge, high quality arts programming.
»Meteorite Museum
Northrup Hall at the University of New Mexico is better known as the Earth and Planetary Sciences Building. For years, this branch of the university has dedicated itself to researching and teaching about space and its wonders. On the first floor, a wonderful little museum documents the discovery of meteorites that have been found worldwide. The brochure provided for each visitor explains each specimen that is on display, and someone is always available to answer any questions you may have. There is no admission fee.
»Visiones Gallery
Visiones is the student display gallery of the nonprofit arts organization Working Classroom. Working Classroom provides hands-on visual arts and theater instruction, often from world-class guest instructors, in English and Spanish to students from historically underrepresented communities. The organization has been flourishing for over two decades, with the gallery being a relatively recent addition. Exhibitions are generally free of charge and open for viewing between 9:00 and 17:00 Monday through Friday. However, there may be some gaps between rotating exhibitions and some charges for evening openings and fundraisers, so be sure to contact the gallery prior to any visit. -Pip Lustgarten
»Telephone Museum of New Mexico
Explore three floors of exhibits to learn more about the telephone then you ever thought was possible at the Telephone Museum of New Mexico. Walk through the exhibits and see items from Alexander Graham Bell's workshop, photographs, switchboards, hundreds of different types of telephones, and more. Find out about unsung heroes like Susan Parks, a switchboard operator was able to inform the U.S.A. army about the attack by Pancho Villa during the actual attack. Her switchboard is on display, and you can even see bullet holes. Children will love the Learning Center with its hands-on displays and make sure you stop by the gift shop before you leave.
Learn and play at a center that challenges people of all ages and backgrounds to explore, learn and critically think. Explore art, science, technology, culture and fun. The museum contains a collection of over 250 interactive science, technology and art exhibits such as an experiment bar and a high-wire bike and robotics lab. Demonstrations, theatre performances and a variety of programs and activities are also offered. The museum store provides a wide array of bilingual and educational items.
»Holocaust & Intolerance Museum of New Mexico
Founded by Holocaust survivor Werner Gellert, this fascinating museum is focused on genocides and intolerance around the world. The emotional exhibits explore the museum's theme, with displays like the Art of the Holocaust, Native American Cultural Genocide, and a Replica Concentration Camp Gate. Learn about these difficult times and discover how you can help fight intolerance today. Since the museum deals with mature themes, it's suggested that young children should not visit.


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Taste the wonderful experience of the life on the water of the Amsterdam typical canals.
I will be happy to host you and give you precious tips about living as a local in this fantastic city!
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
Adjen is a characteristic houseboat located in a quiet and very central canal, 5 minutes walking from Leidseplein and Vondelpark; just a few steps away from the intense cultural and entertainment life that the city of Amsterdam offers. This cosy apartment was recently renewed and refurnished.
Owners are living in this houseboat for periods of time throughout the year, therefore guests will find all the comforts of your own house. The house boat is completely furnished. Guests have the disposal of 2 bedrooms, with a double size bed each, bathroom with shower, well lighted living room with the possibility to add a sofa bed and a fully furnished kitchen. Digital TV, DVD player, Wi-Fi internet access and stereo aux cable for Ipod/Iphone.
With a marvellous view on a quiet canal, the houseboat is ideal for families and couples and for whom wishes to live the authentic Amsterdam lifestyle in a comfortable and unique environment. A deposit of 250€ is required and should be paid at arrival.
Interaction with Guests
I live in Amsterdam from more than 15 years and I am happy to give you the right tips. I am quite communicative so please don't hesitate to ask for anything you should need: from flowers for a surprise for your girlfriend, up to bike and boat rentals arrangements, chef in house service or any kind of idea you should have ;)
The Neighborhood
The neighborhood is very quite and residential, but only a few steps away from the wonderful Vondelpark and the busy Leidseplein (Paradiso, Melkweg, Sugar Factory, Cinecente, Bull Dog coffee shop).
There are many nice restaurants and cafés just around the houseboat, plenty of choice
Getting around
The location is privileged. Within 3 minutes from the door step you are at one of the many public transport connections to move easily in town.
However the location is so central that we advise to walk or rent a bike to discover the city as it is supposed to be.
Other Things to Note
Please note that for arrivals later than 21 hrs. we ask an additional fee (€25) to be paid cash on the spot for the receptionist.
Please pay attention to the following house rules:
- The rental property is a smoking property. fully equipped and furnished as is let with the following furnishings:
Sleepingroom nr. 1 (doublebed including beddings and towels for all the guests), wardrobe and a chair.
Sleepingroom nr. 2 (doublebed including beddings and towels for all the guests), wardrobe, tv, dresser and a chair.
Living room: large table with 6 chairs, sofa(bed), library with books and miscellaneous, small TV table, TV flat screen remote control, digital TV box, DVD player remote control, various plants.
Kitchen: fully equipped, please leave it clean as you find it.
Bed and bath linen are included in the price.
- VERY IMPORTANT: Please do not throw anything else than toilet paper in the WC pot! The houseboat has a water pump system that could get seriously damaged by not following this advice! The receptionist will explain you what to do in case of malfunctioning.
- Please do not make noise in the street outside the houseboat. Absolutely forbidden after 22:00 (neighbors may call the police)
- The rubbish can be put into the green containers aside the street anytime of the day. Please make sure to put it "into" the containers (by opening the bar on it) and do not leave it just next to it. You could get a fine for that !
- Please separate rubbish (paper, glas and plastic) in 3 different bags. We will take care of throwing it in the right containers. Thank!
- Please do not over-use central heating. Turn it down when you leave the apartment! In the living room you need to control the central heating only from the display on the wall and not by opening/closing the handle on the heater itself!
- For security reasons, do not leave open windows when you are not in the house.
- Last but not least we kindly ask you to co-operate in the respect of the neighborhood and the houseboat.
Before departure please be sure to do the following:
Take out all trash to the dumpster
Strip the beds, place all dirty linens
close all windows
do not forget personal belonging
We wish you a wonderful stay "on the water"!
excelente !!! nos hemos sentido muy a gusto en la casa bote , la ubicación es excelente , el aviso refleja muy bien la realidad, lamentablemente mario no se encontraba para darnos la bienvenida, pero hemos sidos muy bien atendido por su colega robin, si tienes que ir a Amsterdam , este es tu lugar !!!!!!!!!
Lovely houseboat, very tidy and homely.mario was very friendly and helpful as was his friend robin. In a great area near the trams and some nice places to eat too. Would come back and stay again!
l'organisation de notre séjour sur le house boat de mario à été en tout point parfait. Une communication par mail rapide et excellente .Un accueil a bord par Suzanne très sympa malgré notre arrivée tardive (0h45). House boat très chaleureux et agréable à vivre dans un quartier résidentiel et très central.
Habitation idéale et originale pour découvrir Amsterdam.
Hi Hervé,
thanks for your nice review, I am very happy you enjoyed your stay. I hope your doubt about the price you paid is solved ;)
Furthermore, I don't understand why tram nr. 17 would not be a good option to go from Central Station to the houseboat? Did you find a better way? I doubt it, but if so please let me know, it could be helpful for other guests in the future ;)
Thanks a lot and best regards,
My friends and I were excited to spend some time in this house boat as it looked awesome And indeed it was. We were greeted by Garf a very nice fellow that took his time and waited for us to settle in to explain the house rules, how the house worked and gave us directions to all the things around. Once he left we went straight away to explore the area and as advertised everything was at a 5 min walk from the house boat. The house itself is well decorated, well isolated, very spacious and so very cosy. In addition to that you'll have the opportunity to see and have the company of lots of birds specially massive swans if you ever throw some bred crumbs by the window. Overall it was a really good place to stay at and was exactly as advertised. I will come back to this house boat for my next trips down in amsterdam.
We had a great time at Mario's.
We felt like home since we arrived. Mario was on the ball with communication and instructions how to get there. This was our first Airbnb experience and it was great
Where do I start ! Ok Myself and my three friends stayed here and absolutely loved it. From the very second I arrived I felt right at home. Very warm welcome and it was just cleaned. The place was very warm and cosy night and day. The location is amazing. Once you know the route to the tram you can get into town very quickly. For us it was just right. Very quiet. Very free. The houseboat had everything you would need for a short or long stay. Great kitchen great bathroom. Great host ! Mario is a pleasent and professional man to work with also. There was fast internet good tv and a great guidebook for tips and locations. I would recommend anybody to stay here. I would also love to stay again. I actually miss it :)
Hi Mark, thanks a lot for your overwhelming review, really appreciated! I look forward to have you again "on board" soon and thanks for spreading the word around. Your friend's girlfriend has contacted me already and it looks like they are going to book it. Thank you and until the next time!
We were greeted by a friend of Mario's, a very nice and helpful guy called Robin, who gave us the grand tour of the houseboat and gave us some useful information and tips on things to check out. The houseboat was even better than we imagined. The property itself and the neighbourhood in which it lies were perfect for what we were looking for. Far enough from the centre of the city so that you can avoid the main tourist traps and the busy crowds, while being close enough to walk in or take the tram. The Cozy Houseboat lives up to the name in every way. Warm, quiet and honestly just relaxing to be on. The area is also stunning, fairly quiet but with great cafés just minutes from the door. It really was the perfect base for us and helped make a very enjoyable and memorable trip to Amsterdam. Thanks again and hope to come back one day!
This host has 28 reviews for other properties.View Other Reviews
Hi there, I'am Mario, I'm Italian, married with a Dutch woman and with 3 lovely children. I work in the tourism sector since more than 10 years now, managing my own travel organization based in then Netherlands. For work I live between Amsterdam and Sicily, my birth place and main destination of the tailor made tours I organize for my guests.
In Amsterdam I have my first listing of a cozy houseboat in one the central canals of the city; in Sicily I have my second listing of a Boat & Breakfat on a charming 35 ft sailboat, moored at the historical harbor of Palermo.
Come and enjoy your time in Amsterdam in a very original and authentic way. The city needs no presentation for its beauty, but the vision from the water is fantastic and the atmosphere unique, any season of the year! We love to share it and we look forward to have you as guests!
If you are heading more to the south and want to discover Palermo, one of the most popular mediterranean cities, consider this unique experience of spending a few days on a charming, romantic and cozy sailboat, moored just a few steps away from the main touristic, cultural and authentic spots the historical centre of Palermo has to offer.
Either north or south I guarantee you a very warm welcome and support to discover the places where I live! Hope to meet you soon in person!


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Below is a brief recount of six books I have read over the past few months. I would absolutely love to hear if you have previously read any of them and what your thoughts were! And even more so, I would love new book recommendations (I think this one is next)! Looking for more recommendations? View past book reviews here.
Looking for Alaska by John Green: Miles "Pudge" Halter lead a boring life, craving "the Great Perhaps". When he meets the clever, sexy, screwed up, and fascinating Alaska Young at Culver Creek Boarding School she pulls him into the Great Perhaps and nothing will ever be the same after. After reading John Green's most famous book, The Fault in Our Stars, I immediately reached for this one, which I think is a million times better than it's more well-known counterpart.
Reconstructing Amelia by Kimberly McCreight: In the middle of the most important meeting of her career, Kate receives a phone call from her daughter's school; she's been caught cheating and consequently is being suspended immediately. By the time Kate arrives at Amelia's school, her stress turns to grief when she is greeted by firetrucks and police cars and the shocking fact that her daughter Amelia is dead. After months coping with the thought of Amelia jumping to her death, Kate receives an anonymous text: Amelia didn't jump. If you loved Gone Girl and Gossip Girl, you'll love this.
The Racketeer by John Grisham: The fifth federal judge in the history of the United States has just been found murdered in his remote cabin with his young secretary and an emptied safe. Malcolm Bannister, currently residing in a Federal Prison, knows who killed Judge Fawcett, but all information comes at a price and Malcom Bannister, aka the Racketeer, has his. A fast-paced, whodunit with enough twists and turns to keep everyone guessing.
Dark Places by Gillian Flynn: At the age of seven, Libby Day survived the murders of her mother and two sisters and testified that her fifteen year-old brother, Ben, was the killer. Twenty-five years later, a secret society obsessed with notorious crimes finds Libby and offers to pay her money for details in hopes of finally setting Ben free. Through Libby's search the unimaginable truth emerges and lands her back where she started – on the run from a killer. Completely disturbing and haunting (much more so than Gone Girl).
I am Malala by Malala Yousafzai: The biography of the girl who was shot by the Taliban and awarded the Noble Peace Prize for her outspoken fight for equal education worldwide. Recounting her family's history in part one was extremely daunting. The brief overviews of the country's history and the countless names in part two were subsequently under and overwhelming. However, the final three parts that told the story of her fight for education rights and her life held my attention much better due to my ability to connect her words with the recent accounts on the news that I was already familiar with. Although the slow start is a struggle, Malala's life is beyond inspiring and a great reminder to each of us to fight for the rights of others and our beliefs because one person can make a difference.
Wild by Cheryl Strayed: Following the death of her mother, a divorce, and a run of reckless behavior, 26 year-old Cheryl Strayed finds her inexperienced self alone on the Pacific Crest Trail hoping to figure out her life. As a woman who also has felt (feels) lost and confused and turned to travel as a path to the discovery of answers to personal struggles, I found this book extremely relatable and hopeful. Justin and I had the pleasure of hearing her speak at an REI event and found her even more impactful in person. Looking forward to seeing the movie starring Reese Witherspoon.


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Shimon Peres
Shimon Peres News
News on Shimon Peres continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
Expo to be ready 'on time'
Yesterday | ANSA.it | Comment?
The Tangle of US-Israeli Double Standards
Thursday Mar 26 | OpEdNews | Comment?
Yehuda Avner, Israeli diplomat and prime minister aide, dies
Wednesday Mar 25 | KXXV-TV Waco | Comment?
Defense/Security, 6:28 AMTwo-State Alternatives: Netanyahu's 'Economic Peace'
Tuesday Mar 24 | Arutz Sheva Israel News | Comment?
Our Shakespeare: A tribute to Yehuda Avner
Tuesday Mar 24 | Jerusalem Post | Comment?
Scenic Lookout in Memory of Lt-Gen. Amnon Lipkin Shahak
Tuesday Mar 24 | Jerusalem Post | Comment?
What role do you think humans play in global warming?
Environment 4,945
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Sunday Mar 22 | United Jewish Federation of Tidewater | Comment?
Peres presents George W. Bush with Friends of Zion Award
Sunday Mar 22 | Jerusalem Post | Comment?
Obama Weighs In On Israel, Iran And Clemency In Huffington Post Interview
Saturday Mar 21 | Switched | Comment?
Ex-Israeli President Shimon Peres visits Fort Worth
Friday Mar 20 | Star-Telegram.com | Comment?
'Needs adult supervision': The US-Israeli relationship after the 2015 election
Friday Mar 20 | Jerusalem Post | Comment?
Rep. Connolly Chastises GOP For Claiming Obama Had A 'Temper Tantrum' Over Netanyahu Win
Thursday Mar 19 | Crooks and Liars | Comment?
The Netanyahu danger
Thursday Mar 19 | The Jewish Journal | Comment?
the column | Waking up with Bibi, one more time
Thursday Mar 19 | The Jewish News Weekly | Comment?
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Tuesday Mar 17 | Jerusalem Post | Comment?
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death penalty
Jurors In Arias Murder Trial Deadlocked On Death Penalty Verdict
Jurors in the Jodi Arias murder trial told the judge they've been unable to reach a unanimous verdict on whether she should be sentenced to life or death.
Arias Victim's Family Makes Dramatic Statement
Steven Alexander stood before the jury, looked up at a family picture and grimaced and cried as he ticked off the list of problems that have befallen him in the five years since his brother was murdered: ulcers, depression, a separation from his wife, nightmares.
Penalty Phase Begins In Jodi Arias Murder Trial
Jodi Arias returns to court for the final phase of her trial as the same jury that convicted her of first-degree murder last week now weighs whether the former waitress should be sentenced to life in prison or death.
Jurors Find Jodi Arias Eligible For Death Penalty
Jurors in Jodi Arias' trial on Wednesday found the former waitress should be eligible for the death penalty after they convicted her last week of murdering her one-time boyfriend.
Arias Back In Court As Jury Ponders Death Option
Jodi Arias heads back to court Wednesday as jurors consider whether the death penalty should be an option for sentencing the former waitress after convicting her of first-degree murder last week.
Hearing For Man Accused Of Killing 4-Year-Old Boy
A Utah judge is scheduled to hold an evidence hearing in the case of a man accused of beating to his 4-year-old stepson to death.
Study: Nevada's Death Penalty Defense Is Costly
(Las Vegas, NV) — A new study finds it will cost Clark County taxpayers about $20-million to defend the valley's 80 pending death penalty cases. The report by a UNLV criminal justice professor says prosecutors […]
Study: Nevada's Death Penalty Defense Is Costly
A new study finds it will cost Clark County taxpayers about $20-million to defend the valley's 80 pending death penalty cases.
Accused Killer Requested Death Penalty
(Las Vegas,NV) — The man accused of killing his girlfriend's two-year-old son told detectives he wanted the death penalty before his arrest. According to a police report, 35-year-old Cory Simmons initially claimed Orlando Morris choked […]
Death Penalty Sought for 19-Year-Old in Brutal Las Vegas Murder
LAS VEGAS (CBS Las Vegas) — The Clark County District Attorney's Office will seek the death penalty for a 19-year-old accused of kidnapping, raping, stabbing and burning the body of a Las Vegas high school sophomore over […]


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A note from Sandi:
The new Knitscene is here, and there is no one better to tell you about it than Lisa Shroyer, Knitscene's editor. Heeeerrrreee's Lisa:
I'm excited to bring you the preview for the Fall 2008 issue of Knitscene!
The collection you'll find in this issue of Knitscene is what we worked up on the basis of those questions. These are not novelty projects or purely conceptual, these are
work-horse knits that fit into everyday life and can become funky or
trendy through styling. At the end of the day, though phenomenal and
intriguing as knits, these projects are real clothes. There's no
greater pleasure than getting repeated use out of a sweater you
made—loving every stitch!
What is Knitscene?
Knitscene is a special magazine that comes out twice a year from Interweave Press, featuring easy, stylish projects that are fun to make. In this issue, you'll find sweaters for fall, lots of accessories like hats, scarves, socks, and mitts, and projects that explore color-work, texture, and silhouette in intriguing ways. We work with themed story-lines in Knitscene; in this issue, we present a modern take on the medieval silhouette; a colorful outdoor story that's filled with outerwear like cardigans and vests; and a globally-inspired story, featuring region-specific styles like the Kimono Socks, the Himalayan vest, and more. Enjoy the preview!Lisa ShroyerEditor
View the Fall 2008 Preview of Knitscene magazine!
Help, I've tried numerous times to download the Sea Foam Towels recipe, no luck. I desperately would like this recipe. Can anyone help? firstname.lastname@example.com
A little late - but I think the preview just sold me a magazine. The Brocade Leaves pullover looks like it would be perfect for me - and it's available in what might be a large enough size! Also the Obverse Jacket and the Opulent Raglan.
...now if I just had enough time to knit all the sweaters on my wishlist...
well thanks for posting the full magazine gallery, the only two projects i was truly interested in, require a crochet hook. as i canNOT physically crochet anymore I'm glad i did not buy the magazine called KNITscene and find that the two patterns I browsed through required a hook. Now I know not to bother to buy that magazine. and perhaps future issues either if it is a mixed craft/art magazine. i truly wish that the proper terminology was displayed promeninently on magazines and such. Using the term "knit" to incorporate both crochet and knitting is so misleading to the consumer. And perhaps you are LOSING crochet ONLY people's sales because they don't realise some of the projects are crochet and not all KNIT as in KNITscene.
Now, if someone can teach me how to knit a granny square I can KNIT reticella vest. It doesn't help me with bordeaux jacket. but maybe Sandi is headed on vacation again and we can get a 5 day lesson on knitting granny squares?
thanks for reading.
Love the Himalayan Vest made with the Manos and the Snowflake Jumper with Classic Elite. I love both working with both of these yarns. Looking forward to it.
Ohh, does this mean we can get galleries of the Knitscene garments? I would love to see the Ahlstrom Bodice and the Opulent Raglan on additional figures.
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PETERBOROUGH -- The Oshawa Generals will not be sweeping the Peterborough...
Andy Murray earns 500th win by beating Kevin Anderson in 4th round of Miami...
Justin Bieber says he's happily single and isn't looking love at the...
Sometimes, the obvious approach is the most compelling.
So it is with...
BOWMANVILLE -- After 30 years of serving the community, the Base Line...
DURHAM -- A pair of Durham brothers will take their efforts to fight a seemingly incurable disease nearly to the top of the world in December.
Denis and Andy Ayotte will begin their journey to the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro later this month when they join two dozen other climbers to help raise funds for the Sanfilippo Children's Research Foundation.
The pair will don climbing boots and backpacks and attempt to climb the African mountain in honour of their close friends, Elizabeth and Randall Linton, whose 18-year-old daughter Elisa was diagnosed with Sanfilippo Syndrome, a rare genetic disorder, when she was four.
Children with Sanfilippo Syndrome are missing an essential enzyme that breaks down sugars, resulting in a buildup in the brain and other organs, ultimately stopping development. Most children do not live to adulthood.
Since the diagnosis 14 years ago, the Linton family has created the Sanfilippo Children's Research Foundation and raised about $4 million in an attempt to find a cure.
"It's something I've always wanted to do," said Denis of climbing to one of the planet's highest peaks, "and it's an unbelievable charity to be involved with and to help as well."
Each participant in the climb must cover the cost of their entire trip and gear, estimated to be about $10,000, plus raise a minimum of $4,000 for the SCRF.
The Ayotte brothers had the donations covered almost as soon as they agreed to the adventure, but are hoping to raise their own mountain of cash for the foundation.
"We thought maybe $30,000 between the two of us. But when it hit $30,000 then we made it $35,000. And when it hit $40,000, we decided to try for $45,000," said Denis, who lives in Whitby.
As of early this week, the brothers surpassed the $42,000 mark -- and they're hopeful the funds don't stop coming in.
"It's crazy, that's a lot of money. But we're really happy that we can help," said Denis, the 52-year-old vice-president of Gus Brown Buick GMC, which has dealerships in Whitby and Port Perry.
Gus Brown and Wilson Vukelich LLP, where Andy, 55, is a managing partner, each contributed $5,000 to get the brothers started.
"We've raised money for all kinds of charities in the past and this is just something we felt we had to do to help out," added Andy, an Oshawa resident.
Human trials for drugs to be used to treat some aspects of Sanfilippo Syndrome are expected to begin in 2013 and the brothers are hoping some of their donations will be used to cover those costs.
"It's pretty exciting, it's a really exciting time for (the SCRF) to hopefully go to trial but it costs money," said Andy.
The Ayottes will leave for Tanzania on Dec. 27 and start their climb on Dec. 29. They'll ascend the mountain using the Machame route, a longer path that will allow them time to acclimatize to the mountain's height -- nearly 19,400 feet at its summit.
It'll take the brothers about five days to climb to the top and about a day-and-a-half to come down.
They'll sleep together in a two-man tent and there will be porters and guides to assist with the ascent.
The brothers expect to begin their final push for the mountain top in the middle of the night, where they'll start a gruelling six- or seven-hour walk which they hope will culminate with a sunrise view from the top of Mount Kilimanjaro.
After about a half-hour stay on the summit, they'll start an eight-hour walk back down the mountain.
"We'll be on our feet for 15 hours," said Andy.
The brothers acknowledge the possibility of altitude sickness and will rent a canister of oxygen to share between them.
To prepare for the adventure the pair have been spending nearly every weekend together since July finding various places in Durham where they could hike for four or five hours and break in their boots and backpacks. Neither has climbed a mountain before, but both say they've been involved in various sports over the years.
"When we said we would do it, it seemed like a really exciting dream. But now that it's almost here, it's exciting but I'm also a little nervous," said Denis, noting their families' have been very supportive of the idea.
"I think it will be an adventure of a lifetime but at the same time we're doing it for a good cause."
Added Andy: "And we'll get to spend lots of time together, which is probably the best part."
For more information on the SCRF, the Mount Kilimanjaro climb or to sponsor the Ayotte brothers, visit www.gusbrown.com/mount-kilimanjaro-climb.htm.
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1232 6th Street
Commute to Downtown Stillwater
Most errands require a car.
Score Details
1232 6th Street has a Walk Score of 32 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so most errands require a car.
Nearby parks include Burton Field, Sixth Street Historic District and Pepper Fest Park.
Nearby schools include Trinity Academy, St Patrick School and Willow River Elementary School.
The closest grocery stores are Cruet & Whisk, Dabruzzi's Italian Foods and Northwest Food Products Transportation.
The closest coffee shop is Bert's Coffee Cafe. Nearby restaurants include The Postmark Grille, Smilin' Moose and Urban Olive & Vine.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 1232 6th Street.


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Looking to have some fun! ;)
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Join us June 16th for an exciting presentation regarding Arc Flash Hazards and Protection. There is no cost to attend the presentation; dinner is available for a nominal fee. IEEE NCS IAS/PES Meeting Arc Flash Hazards and Protection Thursday, June 16, 2005, 6:00PM to 9:30PM Coast Terrace Inn, Edmonton Arc Flash Hazards and Protection Speaker: Shahid Jamil, P. Eng. of Imperial Oil (ESSO) Abstract: This presentation will provide an in-depth discussion of Electric Arc Flash Hazards and their causes / sources. OSHA, NFPA, NEC and Alberta Requirements with respect to Arc Flash. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis methods to calculate Flash Protection Boundary, Incident Energy, and PPE selection. Discussion of methods available to reduce or eliminate potential Arc Flash Hazards in electric systems. Sponsored By: Magna IV Engineering Ltd. http://www.magnaivengineering.com Visit the Magna IV display table to discuss Arc Protection. Attendance Provides 1 'Formal Activity' PDH Towards APEGGA Professional Development http://northerncanada.ieee.ca/ias-pes/ Location: Coast Terrace Inn - Edmonton South 4440 Gateway Boulevard, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 5C2 Date: Thursday, June 16th, 2005. Registration and Cash Bar: 6:00 PM Dinner: 6:45 PM Speaker Presentation: 7:30 PM Questions & Answers: 8:30 PM Dinner Fee: IEEE Members: $25 IEEE Non-Members: $30 IEEE Life & Student Members: $20 Payable by cash or check Please have your IEEE membership card ready to obtain the discount or Sign up for the IEEE at the registration booth and receive member's price Registration: by Tuesday, June 14th 2005 (Please mention your choice of Vegetarian or Non-Vegetarian) Email: firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com Phone: Sami Abdulsalam at (780) 492-0163 (email preferred) Phone: Sergio Bertani at (780) 448-1010 ext. 4654 (email preferred) The Coast Terrace Inn is located at the intersection of Gateway Blvd. & Whitemud Dr. http://northerncanada.ieee.ca/ias-pes/
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Craftsy Member since February 2012
I'm enrolled in these Craftsy classes:
Delicious Gluten-Free Cake
Piping Cookies That Pop!
Charming Party Cakes
Incredible Cut-Out Cakes
Fondant Techniques: The Sweet Treat Tower
Little Pink Dress Cake
Arranging Sugar Flowers
Simple Skills for Dramatic Designs
Building Your Business: Beautiful Cake Photography
The Wilton Method®: Creative Cake Pops
Elegant Lace Cakes
Mastering Modern Sugar Flowers
Small Cakes, Big Business
Building Your Business: Smarter Display Cakes
Creative Flavors for Cakes, Fillings & Frostings
The Wilton Method®: Baking Basics
Basic Fondant Techniques
Custom Cake Toppers: Step by Step
Gravity-Defying Cake Designs
Modeling Chocolate Magic
High-Fashion Heels
Tropical Sugar Flowers
All-Star Cakes
Building Better Cakes: Creative Cake Separators
Custom Lettering & Monograms
Clean & Simple Birthday Cakes
Spring & Summer Sugar Flowers
Fondant Ruffles, Pleats & Drapes
Sugar Berries, Leaves & Blossoms
The Art of Airbrushing
Designer Fondant Textures
Classic Car, Timeless Techniques
Cake Design Made Simple: The Wedding Dress
Sculpted Dog Cake
How to Start a Cake Business
Advanced Cake Sculpting
Clean & Simple Cake Design
The Hand-Painted Cake
Classic Sugar Flowers
Designer Handbag Cakes
Jeweled Wedding Cake
Vintage Cakes, Modern Methods
Piece of Cake! with Colette Peters
Fashion-Inspired Fondant
Modern Buttercream
Advanced Fondant Techniques
Shoot It!
Modern Piping
Topsy-Turvy Cake Construction
Handcrafted Sugar Flowers
Exotic Sugar Orchids
Intro to Modeling Chocolate


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Pronunciation: (plu-ton'ik, plā-), Strict Standards: Non-static method FenSites::linkTo() should not be called statically in /site/html/dictionary/platonic.html on line 75 [key]
1. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Plato or his doctrines: the Platonic philosophy of ideal forms.
2. pertaining to, involving, or characterized by Platonic love as a striving toward love of spiritual or ideal beauty.
3. (usually l.c.) purely spiritual; free from sensual desire, esp. in a relationship between two persons of the opposite sex.
4. (usually l.c.) feeling or professing platonic love: He insisted that he was completely platonic in his admiration.
Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.
See also:


text:
|Reviews for Seasons Greetings
| candyluver chapter 1 . 8/24/2008
Aw. So cute!
| angrie chapter 1 . 3/21/2007
awe how cute!
| Dark Fox 14 chapter 1 . 11/28/2006
X3 that was, dare I say it, cute! XD
| sakandsas chapter 1 . 6/27/2006
it was really good but you should have made them older so it woutld be more romantic don't get me wrong it was an awsome fanfic
| sakandsas chapter 1 . 6/27/2006
it was really good but you should have made them older so it woutld be more romantic don't get me wrong it was an awsome fanfic
| pa chapter 1 . 6/9/2006
great story...love it...but i hope that they will grow up to be teenagers in high school...aniwase...hopefully you update the next chapter soon...
| Mangosplashies chapter 1 . 2/25/2006
Wow! ur a really good writer! keep up the good work! and make a naturo and sakura story! am a fan of naturo and sakura storys! I'll be reading ur other work if u need me!
| sweetmaiden chapter 1 . 1/2/2006
Nice one-shot. I like it!
| crossXdeep chapter 1 . 12/31/2005
aww that was cute! I loved it!
| lovesucker chapter 1 . 12/29/2005
Aww! That was so kawaii! More! More!
| Lyhtning chapter 1 . 10/4/2005
KAWAII! you can't find much sasu/saku lil cute ficts when they're little...-;; dis is definately going on my fave list! HELL YEAH!
| Kurenai no Chinoumi chapter 1 . 8/17/2005
Great story. It's really good. It's so cute!
| cutie.mi chapter 1 . 6/12/2005
Soo nice!
| saki-kun chapter 1 . 6/11/2005
That was the most cutest story I ever read _ I love SasuSaku and I really enjoy reading this story! Nice job!
| Aitashiaku chapter 1 . 4/8/2005
Aww! that is so KAWAII! X3 SasuSaku when they were kids! thats so cute! great fanfic!


text:
3rd Grade - Halloween
3rd Grade - Halloween
- 82 Pins
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Drew Barrymore's Blond Hair
Drew Barrymore Is Just That Into Being Blonde
Next week, He's Just Not That Into You arrives in theaters, and we recently had a quick chat with Drew Barrymore — a beauty chameleon if one ever existed.
Remember the buzz she created with this cotton-candy hairstyle at the Golden Globes? "I'm super inspired by the '60s," she said of the blond bouffant. "[People] like Ann-Margret, Sophia Loren, Marilyn Monroe, Sharon Tate, those women."
"But going platinum blonde wasn't just a whim," she adds. "I am constantly trying to reinvent myself, and because I've been working so much for the past few years on all these projects I have coming out this year, I sort of got lazy and wasn't thinking — and no one was really looking at me, and it was great," she says of her decision to bleach. "That said, we only have a certain amount of time on this planet and I want to try everything. So get out of your safe zones, dive in, and have fun."
Drew Barrymore
Celebrity Beauty
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text:
Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
SEIIII I'I IIIE QIIII IIIrIiIT 1970' A. M. REITER ET AL 3,492,577
AUDIENCE RATING SYSTEM Filed Oct. 7. 1966 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 "zERd "0NE "oNE "zI-:Ro
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AUDIENCE RATING SYSTEM 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 7, 1966 I I I I I I I I I 1 K D E R C H E O CDD E2 L N M A W Mk C U E H P C R G F ED 5 D m 4 DTK5 E NAL5 NA S AG AG W. JI P E RT m. 5 E J U Q W R T 4 2 L M T E E 4 A .RNTS 3 W T. :I CO 2 N N E C I U .IHR 1 O 4 O P 2 C E 8 B 4 6 E 2 D 2 4/ g 1: u
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OR 62 GATE BROADCAST AUDIO PORTION I |NVERTER I k I INVENTORS: ABRAHAM M. REITER PATRICK R. J. COURT WILLIAM C- RUBINSTEI'N PATRICK A. C. SEGRAVE /WJ FIG. 4
AT TOR N E'Y S Jan. 27, 1970 R IT ETAL 3,492,577
AUDIENCE RATING SYSTEM Filed Oct. '7, 1966 4 Sheets-Sheet 8 AND PUNCHED 5ATE CARD 54 READER CLOCK PULSE GEN.
0].1] .15 PREDETERMINED AND OR COUNTER -GATE GATE AND GATE E0 RESET OR 4 4J GATE T QOUNT 35 BIT INTERVAL 96 1 06 a INVERTER U DIFFERENTIATOR AND 5 CLOCK R #60 GATE F. F.
R S O R 104 110 GATE I r r I DIFFERENTIATOR V MLILTI- I PULSE VIBRATOR STRETCHER 7 OR L GATE AND MULTI GATE DIFFERENTIATOR VIBRATOR 100 112 114 I NV.
INvENToRs: ABRAHAM M. REITER Fl G 5 PATRICK R. JfCOURT WILLIAM c. RUBINSTEIN PATRICK A. c. SEGRAVE MAL m ATTORNEYS Jan. 27, 1970 Filed Oct. 7. 1966 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 E 1 120 g/ I 5g RECEIVER F I I 136 I- -.-l v )42 v:
1 LIM TER 124 I i TAPE IDI-SCRIMG RECORDER I I .O l I V L I 151.4Hz l THRESHOLD- REED z I "DETECTOR RELAY I l l l I v I, TAPE I AND 144 RECO DER GATE 2 MOTOR I l MOTOR F I G l j CONTROL -I CIRCUIT L ..I
12' KHz LIMITER} zERo AMP. AND DETECTOR 1-52 I DISCRIM.\154 1156,
162 12KHzv 1 osc; 158 150 r sTATIoN MAGNETIC I AND TAPE 1670 FREQ. T|ME CODE PLAYBACK MOD. GENERATOR APPARATus 1 4 166 .3 Y I MULTIPLEXER TRANSMITTER F I G 7 I INVENTORS: ABRAHAM M. REITE I r 1 PATRICK R. J. cou T WILLIAM, vc. RUBINSTEIN -PATR|CK A. c. sEGRAvE ATToRNEYs United States Patent 3,492,577 AUDIENCE RATING SYSTEM Abraham M. Reiter, Reseda, Patrick R. J. Court, Los Angeles, Patrick A. C. Segrave, Santa Monica, and William C. Rubinstein, Van Nuys, Calif., assignors to International Telemeter Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif a corporation of New York Filed Oct. 7, 1966, Ser. No. 585,136 Int. Cl. H04b 1/00 U.S. Cl. 325-31 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE duced by the receiver is above a predetermined threshold. 7
This invention relates to systems for determining the size of an audience listening to a radio or television broadcast, and more particularly to improvements therein.
The size of the audience listening to radio and television broadcasts can be determined in several ways, hesides the basic technique of making telephone surveys or door-to-door surveys. For example, apparatus may be attached to a home receiver for making a recording of a station which is tuned in when the receiver is operated, as well as of the time and date. Another system makes a recording of the audio signal being reproduced. These audio signal recordings are collected and compared with audio recordings of programs for identification and counting.
Because of the large number of receivers involved in a meaningful survey, it is desirable that the equipment attached to a receiver for producing a recording of the information required for an audience survey should preferably be inexpensive. Also, the cost of each installation should preferably be kept low. Other requirements preferred for the equipment is that it be dependable and its output be readily interpretable. Otherwise the equipment, while operative for the purpose intended, is economically not feasible.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an audience rating system which enables an ac curate and detailed survey of a large sample of a broadcast audience in a more economical manner than has been possible heretofore.
Another object is to provide an audience rating system which utilizes an improved relatively simple audience rating apparatus in conjunction with an existing receiver wherein the apparatus is connected to the re ceiver in a very simple manner.
Still another object is to provide an audience rating system of the type which utilizes a periodic collection of records made at a receiver which very simply enables a determination of the listening audience over the course of a broadcast, and which enables a large number of broadcasting stations to be monitored at many instants of time between collections of records.
These and other objects of the invention are realized in an audience rating system wherein at a transmitter, a coded signal is added to the audio portion of a television or radio program to be rated. The coded signal is added at the instant when a survey is made. An attachment for detecting and recording the coded signal is connected to the loudspeaker coil of the receiver of each family participating in the survey. If the receiver is on and is tuned to the particular program being rated, the attachment will detect the coded signal. The detected coded signal turns on the recorder of the system for a brief period of time, and the coded signal is then recorded on tape. A large number of television and radio stations may be surveyed at random intervals, however each station transmits a different coded signal. At the end of a month or other convenient period, the tapes are collected from the receiver of each participant in the survey. Each tape will normally have recorded thereon a large number of coded signals, each signal indicating that a particular program was listened to at a particular time.
The coded signals may be at a frequency, which is selected so that the coded signals are barely audible, and do not interfere with listening enjoyment of the program. By way of example, this frequency may be 12 kHz. The code signals are also at a low enough frequency to be readily processed through the audio circuits of almost all receivers. The recorder system attaches to the home receiver in a very simple manner by merely connecting Wires to the loudspeaker leads of the receiver. The recorder system is activated only when at least a certain minimum amplitude of coded signal is received, which prevents recording when the sound is turned very low, indicating that, for example, a television commercial is not being listened to, even though the receiver is on.
In one embodiment of the invention, the coded signals are originated from a central office, which is connected by a telephone line to each participating television and radio station. The coded signals are of a nature such that they can be transmitted over a narrow bandwidth, and therefore can be sent over inexpensive telephone lines to the broadcasting stations.
Thus, the invention provides a rating system which permits surveys to be taken at precise times, such as When a particular commercial message is being broadcast, with inexpensive equipment, which is easily installed in each home participating in a survey.
The novel features that are considered characteristic of this invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself both as to its organization and method of operation, as well as additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a waveshape representation of a pulse code train used in this invention;
FIGURE 2 is a waveshape representation of a pulse code train used herein as it appears when recorded magnetically and then read;
FIGURE 3 is a representation of a coded message showing the three sections of a complete message;
FIGURE 4 is a block schematic diagram of a control center and transmitter constructed in accordance with this invention;
FIGURE 5 is a block schematic diagram of another arrangement for a control center and transmitter;
FIGURE 6 is a block schematic diagram of a receiver and recorder system constructed in accordance with this invention;
FIGURE 7 is a block schematic diagram of another embodiment of the invention at the transmitter.
Before describing the apparatus comprising this invention an understanding of the signals to be used therein should be had. A code-carrying sub carrier signal, such .as the 12 kHz. signal earlier referred to, which is to be added to the audio portion of a program to be rated, is
preferably of a high enough frequency so that it cannot be readily heard by the human ear. However, it must be within the audio bandwidth transmitted by the station, which in the United States is presently limited by Federal Communications Commission regulations to 15.0 kHz. in the case of commercial television audio and FM. radio broadcasts. A center frequency of 12 kHz. has been found adequate, inasmuch as it is about inaudible to the average person and is of low enough frequency to avoid interference from the 15.750 kHz. horizontal sweep circuits presently used in most television receivers. A 12 kHz. frequency is readily processed by the audio circuits of even poor receivers, at least up to the loudspeaker coil.
The 12 kHz. sub carrier signal is frequency modulated with a coded signal, which by way of example is determined to have a digit rate of 7.5 pulses per second. The code signals are in the form of binary digits, and are represented by the waveforms in FIGURE 1. The signals represented in FIGURE 1 comprise bursts of 151.4 Hz. nearly sine-wave signals interspaced with positive or negative pedestal voltages. A binary zero is defined by a tone burst 10, of 151.4 Hz. followed by a negative pedestal 12. A binary one is defined by a tone burst 14, of 151.4 Hz., followed by a positive pedestal, 16. Signals in this form are modulated on the 12 kHz. carrier for broadcast, are recovered by the apparatus at the receiver, and are recorded on tape by the tape recorder. Upon playback of the tape by the tape recorder at the survey company, the derivative of the recorded signals is obtained, which has the waveform shown in FIGURE 2.
Each tone burst interval, followed by a period of zero voltage in the derivative signals shown in FIGURE 4, signifies that a digit is present. A binary zero or one is indicated by the polarity of the transition at the end of a datum line, or period of zero voltage. A zero is represented by a positive going transition, as at 18, while a one is represented by a negative going transition, as at 20.
In order to start a tape recorder which is connected to a receiver, a starting signal must be delivered to the circuits which energize the tape recorder motor. The starting signal is preferably contained in the 12 kHz. coded signal to enable its passage through the same circuits as are used to detect the binary digits. The starting signal should be of a nature which enables the circuits detecting it to reject spurious information, such as may be contained in the audio, and thereby make the recorder immune to false triggering. This is accomplished by using a long burst, such as of one second duration, of a tone signal which is frequency modulated on the 12 kHz. signal. In the receiver the tone signal trips a resonant reed relay and starts the tape recorder. A continuous tone of 151.4 Hz. can be used as the starting signal, so that the same sine wave generator and other apparatuses used in connection with generating the binary digits can be used to generate this signal and also at the receiver to detect the starting signal.
A portion of the starting signal being transmitted is recorded On the tape after the tape recorder is turned on. This long 151.4 Hz. tone burst serves to indicate the start of a new message when the tape is played back in a tape playback machine.
The choice of the 151.4 Hz. frequency, which has been assumed as adequate, is actually based upon the use of a digit rate of 7.5 per second. Each such digit, as represented in FIGURE 1, is composed of a second period containing the tone signal. In order to reduce the chance of noise causing a digit to be incorrectly recorded, it is desirable to employ a large number of cycles of the tone signal during each such A second period. The use of ten tone cycles during such a period is considered as adequate.
The period of time occupied by the long tone burst starting signal should be suflicient to operate a reed relay which starts the tape recorder, and to allow the tape recorder to record some of the starting signals for later recognition by a tape reader that a new rating is being read. A starting signal on the order of one second duration has been found adequate. Thus, the total transmitted message for each rating is of two seconds duration.
FIGURE 3 illustrates the waveform of a typical rating message, which is transmitted by modulation ofa 12 kHz. carrier which, in turn, is multiplexed with a program audio. The leading portion 22 represents the starting signal of one second duration, which is merely a continuous tone of 151.4 Hz. The starting signal 22 is followed by a transition digit 24 which carries no information, but is a result of the need to transmit a binary zero digit from the control center to the transmitting station to indicate the transition from a starting signal to binary digits. The rest of the message 26 comprises a number of binary digit representations required for indicating the particular participating station and the time.
The waveform shown in FIGURE 3 may be generated at a central location and then sent to a requesting transmitting location over telephone lines for subsequent trans mission. However, this requires the more expensive telephone lines because of the bandwidth requirements. Thus, as is described in connection with FIGURES 4 and 5, lower frequency signals are generated at a central location or control center, which can then be sent to a requesting transmitting location. These lower frequency signals, which carry all the information of the waveform shown in FIGURE 3, are then converted into such a waveform which is then suitable for transmitting.
Referring now to FIGURE 4, in accordance with this invention a control center 30 generates a train of control pulses whenever a survey or rating of a particular broadcast program is to be taken. The control pulses may be delivered either over telephone lines 33, or may be transmitted by air, in well known manner if so desired, to a radio or television broadcasting station 34. The pulses serve to control equipment at the station 34, where there is generated a high frequency sub-carrier signal such as at 12 kHz., which is frequency modulated with the program identifying code. F.M. modulated sub-carrier signal is added to or multiplexed with the audio portion of the broadcast, so that it is transmitted by the transmitter antenna 36 along with the sound portion of the broadcast.
The central control station 30 and transmitting station 34 shown in FIGURE 4 contain the circuits to enable the generation and transmittal of the signals described above, in connection with FIGURE 3. Only a simplified diagram is shown in the drawing, since the circuitry required is quite well known to those skilled in the transmitting and receiving art. The control station 30 includes a clock pulse generator 38 which generates clock pulses at a predetermined rate and delivers them to subsequent circuitry. A monetary switch, 40, is actuated when it is desired to make a rating. The switch may be operated from a remote location, by suitable relay circuitry, if desired. Closure of switch 40 enables a count three counter 42 to advance from its first to its second count. An OR gate 44 in response to the second count output of counter 42 enables an AND gate 46 to pass a clock pulse from the clock pulse generator 38 to a predetermined count counter 48. AND gate 46 is maintained able to pass clock pulses to advance the count of the counter 46 for as long as the count three counter remains in its second and third count states. The count three counter is advanced to its next state in response to the last count output of counter 48.
An AND gate 50 is enabled by the output of OR gate 44 to pass clock pulses to an OR gate 52 and therethrough to a telephone line 32. OR gate 52 also has applied to its input the count two count of counter 42. Therefore, the output of the OR gate 52 during the interval that counter 42 is in its count two state will be a long pulse (22A) having a length determined by the duration of the count two output of counter 42.
When the counter 48 reaches its last count state, the count three counter 42 is driven to its third count state. Thus, counter 48 has determined the length of the starting pulse. Since the third count output counter 42 is also applied to OR gate 44, AND gate 46 and AND gate 50 are still maintained enabled. An AND gate 54 is also enabled by the third count state of the counter 42. AND gate 46 enables the counter 48 to recycle and advance again in response to clock pulses, while AND gate 54 can apply clock pulses to a punched card reader 56 to clock its reading operation. The punched card reader produces a pulse to represent a one and no pulse to represent a zero. As may be seen on the drawing, a bit interval is the interval occurring from the start of one clock pulse to the start of the succeeding clock pulse. A one or digit pulse will always occur in the interval between clock pulses. No pulse in this interval signifies a zero. The digit pulses are transmitted or sent by a line 33 to the transmitting station, and the accompanying clock pulses by the line 32. It will be noted that this time OR gate 52 only sends clock pulses on the clock pulse line 32. As shown on the drawing, clock pulses alternate with one digit pulses.
The card reader 54 is actuated in response to the clock pulses to read a card containing the identifying code punched therein for a particular rating. The card contains a code pattern of holes which are sensed to produce a serial code pattern of the type described.
When the counter 48 reaches the last count for the second time, it returns the count three counter 42 back to its first count state, whereupon AND gates 44, 46 and 54 are disabled. The count three counter returning to its first count state resets counter 48. The control center is then made ready for a new operation. Thus, in summary, when the starting switch is closed, the telephone line 32 delivers a starting signal having one second duration followed by a number of equally spaced clock pulses. Line 33 delivers a train of code signals denoting digits, a one being denoted by a pulse and a zero being denoted by no pulse. The first digit of the train of code signals is always a zero and serves as a transition digit which indicates the transition from the starting signal to the code.
At the transmitter, the clock pulse carrying line 32 is applied to two OR gates respectively 60', 62, and the code pulse carrying line 33 is applied to an inverter 64, the output of which is applied to the OR gate 62. The code signal carrying line 32 is also applied as a second input to OR gate 60. A 151.4 Hz. oscillator 66 applies its output to an inverter 68 and also to an AND gate 70 to which the output of the OR gate 62 is also applied as an enabling input. OR gate 60 can enable an AND gate 72, the second input to which is the output of the inverter 68. A flip-flop 74 is driven to its reset state in the presence of an output from an AND gate 70 and to its set state in the presence of an output from an AND gate 72.
In the presence of a pulse on the clock pulse line 32, AND gate 70 is enabled and can pass an oscillation from the oscillator 66 to drive the code flip-flop to its reset state. In the intervals when the oscillator output makes a zero crossing, inverter 68 produces an output whereby the AND gate 72, in the presence of the clock pulse can set the code flip-flop. Thus, in the presence of a pulse on the clock pulse line, code flip-flop 74 is driven between its reset and set state at twice the output frequency of the oscillator 66, and therefore the set output from the flip-flop has a frequency of 151.4 Hz. Therefore, in the presence of the first 15 clock pulses when the transmission is initiated, there will be produced at the output of the flip-flop 74 a pulse train having the frequency of 151.4 Hz.
In the presence of a one representative code pulse, which happens in the interval following a clock pulse,
the AND gate 72 is enabled whereby the code flip-flop 74 is set. The code flip-flop cannot be reset during the interval of the code pulse alone since no enabling input is applied to the AND gate 70, the inverter 64 being turned off at this time. If no one representative pulse occurs after a clock pulse then the code flip-flop is reset by reason of AND gate 70- being enabled by the inverter 64 output via OR gate 62, whereby code flip-flop 74 is reset by the output of the oscillator 66. It remains reset until the next clock pulse arrives.
From the foregoing, it should be clear how the code flip-flop in response to a clock and the binary 1 representative signal produces an output comprising a first interval, which is for the duration of the clock pulse a sequence of 151.4 H-z. pulses, followed by a signal having a high DC level, caused by the set output of the code flip-ffop in response to the digit pulse. In response to a clock and the 0 representative code signal, the output of the code flip-flop comprises a series of 151.4 HZ. pulses caused by the clock pulse followed by a zero level DC signal, since code flip-flop 70 is placed in its reset state in the absence of either a clock or digit pulse.
The output of the code flip-flop is applied to a frequcncy modulator 76 which frequency modulates the code signal train .on the output of 12. kHz. oscillator, 78. The output of the frequency modulator is multiplexed by a multiplexer 80 together with the audio portion of the broadcast. The output of the multiplexer 80- is then connected to the transmitter 82, which modulates it on a carrier wave and thereafter applies it to an antenna 84 for radiation to the local receivers.
Since, according to FIGURE 4, clock pulses accompany the code pulse train sent from the control station center, one can obviate the necessity of using two lines or modulating two signals on a carrier if air transmission is to be used, if it is made feasible to separate clock pulses from code pulses should the two pulse trains be combined. They can easily be separated by making the clock and one digit pulses narrow enough so that they do not overlap before combining the clock and code pulse trains. A system for doing this is shown in FIGURE 5. The structure of the control station 30 is again shown with modifications required for sending out the signals on a single line Similarly functioning structures will bear the same reference numerals as in FIGURE 4.
The sole changes required in the control station of FIGURE 5 are that an OR gate 94 be provided in place of OR gate 52 which receives the output of punched card reader 56 as well as clock pulses from AND gate 50 and thus interleaves these and sends them out as a single wavetrain on the line 90. The total output of OR gate 94 is accordingly a long single pulse followed by a train of 15 bit intervals. There is a clock pulse in each interval and a code pulse in intervals denoting a one as shown in the drawing.
At the transmitter 34, in front of the OR gates 60 and 62 and the inverter 64 is the equipment required for separating the clock pulses from the code pulses. The incoming pulses are applied to an inverter 96, a differentiator circuit 08 and an AND gate .100. The differentiator output consisting of pulses of different polarity occurring at the leading and trailing edge of each input pulse, is applied to an AND gate 102 which can only respond to the leading edge pulses, and then only when no inhibit input is received from a multivibrator 104. The output of AND gate 102 drives a clock flip-flop 108 to its set state. The inverter 96 inverts the polarity of the pulses and applies them to a differentiator 106. The output of the dilferentiator 106 is the reverse of the output of differentiator 98. It is applied to a clock flip flop .108 so that the flip-flop is driven to its reset state in response to the trailing edge of each pulse input to the inverter 96.
Accordingly, clock flip-flop 108 produces a set output .during each clock pulse interval, which occurs during the first pulse of the digit interval, and produces a reset output during the second half of the digit intervals. The multivibrator 104 inhibits AND gate 102 and thus keeps flip-flop 108 in its reset state during the second half of each code digit interval regardless of whether or not a pulse occurs during that interval.
The output of flip-flop 108 is applied to a pulse stretcher circuit 110 whose output consists of clock pulses applied to OR gates 60 and 62. The AND gate 100 is enabled by the reset output of flip-flop 108 whereby, since this output is only available during the second half of a code digit interval, AND gate 100 provides an output only in the presence of a one digit. The AND gate output drives a differentiator 112 which in turn drives a rnultivibrator 114 with the leading pulse edges. Multivibrator 114 provides an output pulse which is suitably shaped and has the proper width. This pulse then drives OR gate 60 and inverter 64. The operation of the apparatus that follows the OR gates 60 and 62 is as has been previously described. The pulse stretcher 110 and the rnultivibrator 114 operate to widen the clock and one digit pulses so that they can operate the following circuitry properly, in the manner described in connection with FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 6 is a block schematic diagram of a receiver including apparatus for utilizing the code signal which accompanies the standard broadcast. The signals are received by the reeciver .120 which represents a typical home radio or television set. The audio portion of the broadcast (including the modulated 12 kHz. signal) is detected, amplified and delivered to the loudspeaker coil 122 of the receiver, in the usual manner. In accordance with this invention a pair of wires 124 are connected between the loudspeaker coil 122 and the tape recorder apparatus 125 through a pair of isolation capacitors 126, 128. Tape recorder apparatus 125 includes an input potentiometer 130 which is preset so that the output signal level will not be recorded if the receiver audio is tuned very low, as is sometimes done during commercial messages.
The output of the potentiometer is applied to a 12 kHz. tuned amplifier 132 which serves to filter out all portions of the audio except the modulated 12 kHz. signal. The tuned amplifier output is applied to a threshold detector 134 and also to limiter and discriminator circuit 136. When the signal input to the threshold detector 134 exceeds the threshold level, an output is applied to an AND gate 138. The second input to the AND gate, to enable it to produce an output, comprises the output of a 151.4 Hz. resonant reed relay 140. It will be recalled that this resonant reed relay responds to the presence of the one second long signal which precedes the coded signal in a transmission. The output of limiter and discriminator 136 is connected to the reed relay 140 and also to the tape recorder 142. Thus, the reed relay will be energized in the presence of the starting signal whereby AND gate 138 can provide an output to the motor control circuit 144. The motor control circuit can then turn on the tape recorder motor 146 whereby the tape recorder 142 can make a recording of the output signal from the limiter and discriminator 136.
Once the motor control circuit 144 is energized, it stays energized for a sufiiciently long interval to record the transmitted code sequence. A suitable latching circuit (not shown) can keep the motor control circuit energized after the reed relay is no longer operated, at the termination of the starting signal. At the end of the message the tape recorder is deenergized, and the apparatus Is now ready for the next transmission.
In another embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIGURE 7, no central control station is connected to the participating broadcasting stations, yet all broadcasting stations use a single version of each commercial message or program to be rated. In this embodiment, the commercial mt fisage or program contains a coded message to identify that commercial, and it also contains a gap. The local broadcasting station generates a stationand-time identifying code during the time of the gap. Thus, the total coded message detected and recorded at each receiver participating in the survey contains information identifying the commercal message or program, the local broadcasting station, and the time at which the rating was taken.
With reference now to FIGURE 7, the commercial message to be rated is prerecorded on tape and is played back on a tape playback machine at the broadcasting station. The output of the tape machine 150 is delivered to a 12 kHz. amplifier 152 whose output is passed through a limiter and discriminator 154. The commercial message contains a 12 kHz. signal, frequency modulated by 151.4 Hz. coded signals and these signals are obtained as the output of discriminator 154. However, the coded signal this time contains a one-second duration 151.4 Hz. sine wave starting signal, followed by a transition signal, which consists of a second tone followed by a second negative pedestal. This is the same as the first two portions of the signal represented in FIGURE 3. How ever, in the present situation, after the transition signal, the pedestal is allowed to decay to zero and the commercial message recording does not produce any further coded signals for a period of time such as one second, after which time it produces a series of digits which identify that particular commercial message.
During the hiatus, a local code may be generated to identify the local broadcasting station and time, in the manner to be described.
The output of the discriminator 154 is delivered to a zero detector 156 which detects the occurrence of the transition digit. When a transition digit is detected, a starting signal is delivered to a station and time code generator 158. The generator 158 generates a series of digits which identify the station, followed by a series of digits which indicate the time of day (as determined by a clock device within the generator). These signals are delivered to a frequency modulator 160 for frequency modulating a 12 kHz. signal from a 12 kHz. oscillator 162, and the 12 kHz. modulated signal is added to the program audio from the tape playback machine 150 in a multiplexer 164. The multiplexed signal is then transmitted, by transmitter 166. The several digits identifying the station and time of day just fill the gap between the transition signal and the series digits which identify the particular commercial message. The construction and operation of the recording apparatus at each receiver is the same as that shown in FIGURE 6.
There has accordingly been described and shown a novel and useful rating system of a type wherein a tape recorder is actuated to make an encoded recording at a receiver only over the interval of the actual recording. The recording may be read and tallied by suitable automatic reading apparatus. The system substantially minimizes the possible effects of noise on the signals being recorded. The system is relatively inexpensive and ex tremely simple to install.
What is claimed is:
1. In a system for broadcasting program material including audio program signals from a transmitter to a receiver having an audio program signal reproducing system, an audience rating system comprising at said transmitter code generating means for generating program identifying code signals at an audio frequency,
modulator means connected to said code generating means and means for generating an audio frequency carrier for modulating said code signals onto said audio frequency carrier,
transmitter means connected to said modulator means for separably adding said audio carrier modulated by said code signals to the audio program signals being broadcast from said transmitter means connected to said means for transmitting said added signals to said receiver, said receiver having detecting means to which said received added signals are applied,
means coupling said detecting means to the receiver audio program signal reproducing system, said detecting means including;
means for filtering the modulated audio frequency carrier signal from said audio program signals,
means connected to said means for filtering for demodulating said program identifying code signals from said audio frequency carrier signal,
threshold detector means coupled to said means for demodulating output for producing a first recorder enabling output signal responsive to said means for demodulating output exceeding a predetermined threshold level, and
reed relay means responsive to said means for demodulating output including a predetermined code signal for producing a second recorder enabling output signal, and
recorder means at said receiver coupled to said thresh old detector means and to said reed relay means for being energized responsive to said first and second recorder enabling output signals.
2. A rating system as defined in claim 1 wherein:
said program identifying code signal includes a high audio frequency tone modulated by a signal having portions of an audio frequency much lower than said high audio frequency; and
said means for separably adding said code signal to the audio program signals of a broadcast includes recording apparatus for recording the audio program intended to be heard by the audience, and for recording on the same record, said code signal, whereby the generation of the code signal at the broadcasting station is acomplished with a'minimum of equipment and effort.
3. A rating system as defined in claim 1 wherein:
said code generating means includes a first code apparatus for generating a first portion of said code signals which identifies a particular program, and a second code apparatus for generating a second portion of said code signals which identifies at least a particular broadcasting station;
said means for separably adding said code signals to the program signals being broadcast from said transmitter includes a recording apparatus for recording the audio program intended to be heard by the audience and for recording on the same record, said first portion of said code signals;
a playback apparatus for playing said record containing said audio program intended to be heard by the audience and said first portion of said code signals; and
multiplex means connected to said playback apparatus and to said second code apparatus for multiplexing their outputs.
4. A rating system comprising:
a control station for generating pulses, at least one period of pulse generation including pulses spaced according to a prearranged code which identifies a particular rating survey;
transmission line means connected to said control station for carrying said pulses;
a broadcasting station for broadcasting an audio program, said station including a code synthesizer means connected to said transmission line and responsive to said pulses space according to a prearranged code for generating a signal including a starting portion comprising a tone of predetermined frequency and a rating identifying portion comprising tone bursts of said predetermined frequency spaced apart by periods of saturated signal, each of said periods of saturated signal having a duration of at least seve ral cycles of said tone bursts;
oscillator means for generating a high audio frequency signal of a frequency at least several times the frequency of said tone;
frequency modulator means connected to said code synthesizer means and said oscillator means for generating a signal comprising said high audio frequency signal frequency modulated by the output of said code synthesizer means;
multiplexer means connected to said modulator means for adding the output thereof the audio portion of the program to be broadcast and intended to be heard by the broadcast audience;
recorder apparatus adapted for connection to an audio output of a receiver, said recorder apparatus including filter means for passing the portion of the audio portion of a broadcast containing said frequency modulated high audio frequency signal;
discriminator means connected to said filter means output for producing therefrom said starting portion and said rating identification signals;
a recorder connected to said discriminator means for recgrding at least a portion of the output thereof; an
recorder drive means connected to said discriminator and to said recorder for operating said recorder upon the detection of said starting portion signal.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,740,106 3/1956 Phelps 325- 3,310,741 3/1967 Uitermark 325-55 3,336,444 8/1967 Piechocki 325-55 3,397,402 8/ 1968 Schneider 32531 RICHARD MURRAY, Primary Examiner 55 ALBERT J. MAYER, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
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Referenced by
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