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Canstar Community News - ONLINE EDITION
Residents' association wants AGM input
The president of a local resident's group wants anglophone and francophone members of the community to come together and play a part at its upcoming annual general meeting.
The Old St. Boniface Residents' Association (OSBRA) will hold its AGM on Wed., March 20 at 7 p.m. at Notre Dame Community Centre (271 avenue de la Cathédrale) in St. Boniface.
Walter Kleinschmit — a long-time area resident and president of the association — said items for consideration on the agenda include the adoption of the Old St. Boniface Vision Report and the resurrection of the St. Boniface Development Corporation — "originally organized by (the association) in the mid-80s" — to help develop infill housing and single/duplex family units at affordable prices.
The agenda also includes the aim to appoint a committee to "initiate a study of current civic leisure resources, define community needs for the current and next generation and propose a master plan for the next 20 years for our area," he added.
Kleinschmit — who is also the president of a consulting practice specializing in retail real estate in the Middle East — hopes community members will support the association at the meeting, and noted that nominations from the floor for executive or support committee members will be accepted on the night.
"The executive is looking for residents who are ready and able to assist with the organization's mandate to promote the well-being of the residents of Old St. Boniface," he said.
The mandate of OSBRA is to promote the existing character of the community, the historical and cultural significance of the area and desirable change and development in the St. Boniface core area.
For more information about nominations, email email@example.com.
Twitter: @lanceWPG
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Discussion in 'Fly Fishing Forum' started by fredaevans, May 22, 2007.
u tube 'legacy.' Sweet Jesus (takes a couple of minutes to get to the 'good parts':rofl: )
You lost me...... I'm not real sharp.
lost me
Looks like Fred forgot to post the link.:beathead:
I'm not sharp either Adam, I have no clue as to what's happening half the time and this must be the half.
link fred....
Aw, fer cryin' out loud! I cain't stands it! Where's the link?
Come on Fred...get in the game here pal! LINK LINK LINK.
What? Is it April 1st?
Home video?
Holy Cow Piss! Wheres the link batman???? Have i missed it???
SORRY FELLOWS! Hadn't noticed the link didn't 'stick.'
Sweet Jesus....That is Awesome!!!! I want to learn to cast like that!!
WOW he should of used a bigger rock.
Where do you sign up for casting class?
Anybody know where they were fishing? Under what airport?
definatly nominating that guy for "douchebag of the year" sweet fish landing ability that guy has, and the release of that first fish was textbook:beathead:
Did anyone watch that video of joan wulff that was on the bottom of this one? Ive got to say that was kind of rad.
that was aweful. somebody should beetch slap that man.
stupidest video I ever saw.
Other than dragging the fish up on the beach and then releasing it, I didn't see anything so bad or wrong. Yeah the guys a dweeb, but there are a lot of dweebs in the world.
What ever happened to clipping a gill and throwing a fish on a stringer for 5 min? Do people like coagulated blood in their fillets in the Kodiak? If you're gonna bonk em, at least do it right.
:rofl: I wonder how may of his casting students have accidentally hooked up with passing cars or trucks. Better use a heavy tippett.

subset: commoncrawl


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Residence Maeva Les Balcons de Collioure
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
- Swimming pool
- Kitchenette
- Free parking
- Pets allowed
Photos of Residence Maeva Les Balcons de Collioure
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TripAdvisor Reviews Residence Maeva Les Balcons de Collioure
Travel Blogs from Collioure
So I really haven't written in this properly for a while, probably because I've been busy, and having a lot of things on my plate than when I first got here. Figurers was pretty great actually. I firstly rushed this morning because I thought I was going to miss my train, but it turns out I could catch one first to Sant Celoni, then transfer to Figureres. I had to wait around half an ...
... to realise that when the site advertises the 'open all year round' indoor pool, they lie!! Another wasted opportunity for Paul to get into his speedos!! Another first for us was the fact that not only do the toilets not have any seats, they also don't supply any toilet roll…..thankfully we knew this in advance! This is what the French class as 4 star….hmmm. The weather has been overcast with a few glimpses of sunshine ...
Facebook Announcement: Coming Home
... pay like $1,500 extra, so le voila. So we will fly home from there. I am happy because I miss my kids, pups, fam & friends so much! We hope to be home by Thanksgiving or shortly thereafter. Try not to let anything truly dramatic happen till then, okay? Thanks. Love ...
Beauty shots No. 2. The Mediterranean to Madrid
... note the color of the sand. This is the predominant texture and color of Mediterranean beach sand, definitely not the crystal-white sugar sand of Destin.
These scenes are in a small tourist enclave (during the summer season) in the seaside town of Santa Susanna, just north of Perpignan, France near the French-Spanish border about 30 miles from Carcassonne, the fortress town of 35 towers ...
Sunny in Argeles
Another decent night at Collioure, dry and warm. Then a drive around and a look-see! Found the route to the fort on the cliff and one could stopover there, gratuit. Drove around a little and found one could also park at the 'gare' dans la centre Ville de Collioure, so we will, later after shopping and ...


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Page 1
Morphological, ontogenetic and molecular characterization
of Scutellospora reticulata (Glomeromycota)
Francisco Adriano DE SOUZA1*#, Ste ´ phane DECLERCK3, Eric SMIT4and George A. KOWALCHUK2
1Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecua´ria, Embrapa Agrobiologia (CNPAB), Caixa Postal 74505, CEP 23851-970,
Rodovia BR 465-RJ, km 7, Serope´dica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
2Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, Boterhoeksestraat 48, 6666 GA Heteren,
The Netherlands.
3Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Mycothe`que de l'Universite´ catholique de Louvain (MUCL*), Unite´ de microbiologie,
3 Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
4National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Microbiological Laboratory for Health Protection,
P.O. Box 1, NL-3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
E-mail : email@example.com
Received 30 August 2004; accepted 20 January 2005.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Scutellospora reticulata (CNPAB11) was characterized using morphological,
ontogenetic and molecular approaches. Spore ontogenesis was studied using Ri T-DNA transformed carrot roots and
observations were compared with those published for eight other, pot-cultured, Scutellospora species. The sporogenesis
of S. reticulata exhibited an unreported pattern of outer spore wall differentiation. In addition, Denaturing Gradient Gel
Electrophoresis (DGGE), targeting the V9 region of the SSU nrDNA, was used to differentiate S. reticulata from
16 other Scutellospora species and results were confirmed by sequencing analysis. Phylogenetic analyses, using nearly
full length SSU nrDNA sequences, grouped S. reticulata in a cluster together with S. cerradensis and S. heterogama,
species that share similar spore wall organization and also possess ornamented external walls. PCR-DGGE and sequence
analysis revealed intragenomic SSU nrDNA polymorphisms in four out of six Scutellospora species tested, and
demonstrated that SSU nrDNA intragenomic polymorphism could be used as a marker to differentiate several closely
related Scutellospora species.
Species identification and phylogeny of arbuscular
mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have traditionally been based
on analysis of morphological characteristics of spores
and fungal mycelium (Morton & Benny 1990). How-
ever, the recent application of molecular phylogenetic
analysis, based on small subunit nuclear ribosomal
DNA (SSU nrDNA) sequences, has resulted in pro-
of a separate phylum (Glomeromycota), containing
new orders, families and genera (Schu ¨ ßler, Schwarzott
& Walker 2001, Walker & Schu ¨ ßler 2004).
Nevertheless, an integrated analysis combining de-
velopmental patterns during colony growth and spore
ontogenesis with molecular phylogenetic analysis has
never been performed with AM fungi. The comparative
studies of development patterns during morpho-
structure ontogenesis are a powerful way to establish
homology between morphological character states and
achieve a natural classification (Givnish & Sytsma
1997). Such an approach has been successfully used for
cladistic analyses of Scutellospora species (Franke &
Morton 1994, Morton 1995). However, these studies
involved soil-based systems that require destructive
sampling of the fungal material. One-way forward to
overcome this problem is to use a monoxenic culture
system to grow AM fungi (Fortin et al. 2002). The
monoxenic culture of AM fungi allows for cultivation,
real time observation and precise sampling of fungal
material throughout the life cycle. This technique has
already been used successfully to study spore ontogeny
(de Souza & Berbara 1999) and species characterization
using a polyphasic approach (Declerck et al. 2000).
Scutellospora belongs to the family Gigasporaceae,
order Diversisporales. This genus represents 17% of the
known AM fungi species (de Souza, 2000). Recently,
* Part of the Belgian Coordinated Collections of Micro-organisms
# Corresponding author.
Mycol. Res. 109 (6): 697–706 (June 2005).
f The British Mycological Society
doi:10.1017/S0953756205002546Printed in the United Kingdom.
Page 2
a Scutellospora species was successful cultured in
monoxenic system with transformed carrot roots (de
Souza & Declerck 2003). The in vitro culture of S. reti-
culata (CNPAB11) was successfully used to investigate
extramatrical mycelium development, i.e. hyphal mor-
phology and branching (de Souza & Declerck 2003),
the dynamics of spore production, and the function of
auxiliary cells (Declerck et al. 2004).
The objective of the present study was to provide
a thorough characterization of S. reticulata and per-
form an integrated analysis combining developmental
patterns during spore ontogenesis with molecular
phylogenetic analysis. In addition, the application of
(DGGE) was tested as a rapid identification tool to
discriminate Scutellospora species.
Fungal material
The Scutellospora species used in this study are listed
in Table 1. The accessions used were obtained from
collections of fungus cultures except for S. coralloidea,
which was collected from a trap culture (de Souza et al.
2004). Spores were extracted from soil using a wet
sieving technique and prepared for molecular analyses
according to de Souza et al. (2004). From the isolates
obtained, only S. reticulata was established in mono-
xenic culture, while the other strains were used for
molecular analysis.
Establishment of monoxenic culture
Scutellospora reticulata (CNPAB11) was established
under monoxenic culture as described by de Souza &
Declerck (2003). Briefly, surface-sterilized spores were
germinated in water-agar at pH 6. After germination,
single spores were used to inoculate explants of Ri
T-DNA transformed carrot roots. Ten cultures were
used as replicates (experimental units) for assessing
spore development and size. Each experimental unit
consisted of a transformed carrot root organ explant
inoculated with a single S. reticulata spore in a Petri-
plate containing 30 ml of the Modified Strullu-Romand
(MSR; Declerck, Strullu & Plenchette 1998, following
Strullu & Romand 1986) medium, and incubated in
inverted position at 27 xC for up to eight months.
Sporogenesis in monoxenic culture conditions
and data collection
In order to compare the data obtained with monoxenic
cultures with the data generated using pot culture
conditions, all development stages used here followed
the definitions and procedures established by Franke &
Morton (1994). To assess subcellular differentiation
during spore ontogeny, spores were sampled at differ-
ent developmental stages, which were differentiated by
changes in spore size and colour, ranging from white
opaque to dark brown (de Souza & Declerck 2003).
Juvenile and mature spores were differentiated by
colour, septa formation in the subtending hypha and
by absence of cytoplasmic activity in the sporogenous
subtending hypha. Spore dimensions were assessed
using 12 randomly chosen, mature spores in each
experimental unit. Sampled spores were mounted on
microscope slides with Polyvinyl-lactic acid-glycerol
medium (PVLG) (Omar, Bolland & Heather 1979) and
PVLG plus Melzer's reagent (5:1 v/v). Observations
were made under a dissecting microscope and under
bright field through inverted and common compound
Intraradical structures assessment
Colonized roots were harvested from eight-month-old
cultures, cleared with 2.5% KOH overnight at room
temperature, washed with tap water and soaked in 1%
HCl solution for one hour. Roots were then stained
with 0.5% Quink Parker blue ink for 20 min at 60 x
(C. Walker, pers. comm.). After staining, the roots
were rinsed with tap water and preserved in 50%
glycerol solution with 1% HCl and stored at room
temperature (ca 20 x) until required.
DNA extraction and Denaturing Gradient Gel
Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis
DNA was extracted from individual spores of each of
the fungi listed in Table 1, according to procedures
described previously (de Souza et al. 2004). PCR-
DGGE was used to providerapid fingerprint
Table 1. Species, code, contributor, origin and germplasm collection of the Scutellospora spores or isolates used in this study.
SpeciesCodeContributor OriginSourcea
S. calospora
S. castanea
S. cerradensis
S. coralloidea
S. gregaria
S. heterogama
S. heterogama
S. reticulata
Trap culture
V. Gianinazi-Pearson
V. Gianinazi-Pearson
M. Saito
F. A. de Souza
F. A. de Souza
F. A. de Souza
J. O. Siqueira
F. A. de Souza
aBEG, European Bank of Glomeromycota, Dijon; CNPAB, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria – Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rio de
Janeiro; MAFF, Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries, Ibaraki; UFLA, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Scutellospora reticulata698
Page 3
identification of Scutellospora reticulata CNPAB11,
which was compared to six other Scutellospora species.
The DGGE analysis was performed according to de
Souza et al. (2004), which developed a PCR-DGGE
system to assess the diversity of Gigasporaceae species,
targeting the V9 region of the SSU nrDNA using a
nested PCR approach. Briefly, in the first PCR round,
a set of specific Gigasporaceae primers (FM6 and
GIGA5.8R) was used. The resulting PCR product was
diluted 1:1000 and used as template for a second reac-
tion using the primer NS7 (White et al. 1990), with a
GC-clamp extension in its 5k end, in combination with
the fungal specific reverse F1Ra primer (de Souza et al.
2004). Spore-to-spore variation within accessions was
analysed using PCR-DGGE, five separate single-spore
DNA isolations for each fungus were compared.
To predict PCR-DGGE separation of sequences
deposited in the GenBank in relation to sequences
we obtained from S. reticulata and S. gregaria,
Scutellospora sequences that contain the fragment used
for PCR-DGGE analysis, were aligned and compared
to relate the sequence data with the migration of selec-
ted strains observed under DGGE. The PCR-DGGE
was also used to study the intraspecific SSU nrDNA
polymorphism of the species tested.
Cloning and sequencing
For cloning and sequencing purposes, only the DNA
extracted from spores of Scutellospora reticulata and
S. gregaria were used. The genomic DNA obtained
from individual spores was amplified (de Souza et al.
2004) with the forward primer NS1 in combination
with the reverse ITS4 (White et al. 1990). After ampli-
fication the PCR product was purified and cloned into
the pGEM-T easy vector, with Escherichia coli strain
JM109 used for transformation, according to pro-
cedures given by the manufacturer (Promega Benelux,
Leiden, The Netherlands). The clones obtained were
cultured and, after plasmid extraction used as template
for PCR-DGGE and for sequencing. Sequencing
reactions were performed for both DNA strands of
each clone using the Perkin Elmer Biosystems Big Dye
Terminator Sequence Reaction kit (Perkin Elmer,
Foster City, CA) and the reactions were analysed on
a Perkin Elmer 3700 capillary sequencer (RIVM;
Bilthoven, The Netherlands). The primers used for se-
quencing were NS1, NS2, NS6, NS7, ITS1, ITS4
(White et al. 1990), NS31 (Simon, Lalonde & Bruns
1992), AM1 (Helgason et al. 1998) and F1Ra (de Souza
et al. 2004).
Selecting polymorphic ribotypes
The PCR-DGGE targeting the V9 SSU nrDNA of
Scutellospora reticulata revealed the occurrence of
intraspecific polymorphism between thenrDNAcopies.
In order to analyse clones for different variants of the
ribosomal copies (ribotypes) occurring in S. reticulata
(CNPAB11) and S. gregaria (CNPAB7) plasmids con-
taining inserts obtained from those strains were used
as templates for PCR-DGGE analysis, as described
above. To help the selection of different ribotypes,
PCR products obtained from original isolates were
used as reference to select clones that matched to each
of the ribotypes detected in each isolate examined. We
analysed 46 clones of each strain. Plasmids containing
the desired insert were purified using Quiaquick purifi-
cation columns, and sequenced as described above.
Phylogenetic analysis
Sequences were aligned with those obtained from Gen-
Bank (Benson et al. 2003) using Clustal-X (Thompson
et al. 1997), and the alignment was improved after-
wards by visual inspection. Phylogenetic trees were
constructed using distance, parsimony and maximum-
likelihood (ML) methods. The substitution model was
chosen after comparison of 56 different models using
the program ModelTest (Pousada & Crandall 1998)
version 3.5. The phylogenetic analyses were performed
using PAUP* version 4.0 Beta 10 (Swofford 2003).
Nucleotide sequence accession and alignment numbers
The sequences and alignment generated in this study
were deposited in EMBL-EBI nucleotide sequence
database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk) under the accession
numbers AJ871270 to AJ871275 and the alignment
number ALIGN_000832.
Spore ontogeny
Spore formation in Scutellospora reticulata takes
6–10 d to complete, and the spore development exhibits
changes in size, spore ornamentation, and colour
diameter of 379 mm (range 280–500 mm; CV=10.67%,
n=120). The main characteristics of the spore mor-
phology and ornamentation were in accordance with
the original description of this species (Koske, Miller &
Walker 1983). The spore ontogenesis of S. reticulata
consisted of six discrete stages defined by synthesis of
specific wall layers (Fig. 5A, murographic represen-
tation). During stage 1, two layers were synthesized
(Fig. 6). The external layer was hyaline (0.5–0.8 mm
thick) and the internal layer was pale yellow (1–2 mm
thick) and turned rust-red in Melzer's reagent. At that
stage, some spores burst and released their contents
into the medium. The second stage began after the
spores reached their full expansion in size. The second
wall layer increased in thickness (6–20 mm thick in
PVLG; Fig. 7), with differentiation of external (reticu-
late; Fig. 8) and internal ornamentations (spines;
Fig. 9). In both stages, the spores were white to pale
white (Figs 1–2). The third stage was characterized by
R. A. de Souza and others699
Page 4
a change in colour from pale white to greenish yellow
(Fig. 3), and later to dark red-brown (Fig. 4). At that
stage the typical ornamentation of the S. reticulata
outer wall layer could be seen (Figs 9–11). In the sub-
cellular structure, a laminar layer to 2–3 mm thick and
consisting of very thin adherent sublayers (the laminar
wall as defined by Walker 1983), was synthesized
(Fig. 9). In stages 4 and 5, two bi-layered inner wall
layers (IW) were synthesized (Fig. 12). These layers
were difficult to observe in CNPAB11, as they do not
detach easily from the spore wall. The IW1 was hyaline
(1–1.8 mm thick in PVLG), and the IW2 was light
yellow (1 mm thick in PVLG). No reaction in Melzer's
reagent was observed in these layers. In stage 5, the
spores reached their mature dark red-brown colour.
Stage 6 was characterized by the synthesis of the
yellowish-brown germination shield (GS) between IW1
and IW2 (Fig. 13).
Intraradical mycelium structures
Scutellospora reticulata CNPAB11 formed typical
Gigasporaceae structures in excised carrot roots,
characterized by course mycelium and arbuscules, and
the absence of intraradical vesicles. The arbuscules
exhibited profuse hyphal coiling and were found in
eight-month-old roots.
PCR-DGGE analysis
Four of the seven Scutellospora species tested using
PCR-DGGE produced more than one band for the
V9 region of the SSU nrDNA (Fig. 14), demonstrating
the occurrence of intraspecific polymorphism in those
species, and no spore-to-spore variation was found.
Also, no difference was found between the DGGE
profiles of the two isolates of S. heterogama tested
(Fig. 14).
The different species tested could be separated into
two major groups based on their DGGE profile. The
first group was composed of species with bands located
relatively high in the gel (S. calospora, S. castanea,
S. coralloidea and S. gregaria), while the second group
had lower bands (S. cerradensis, S. heterogama,
S. reticulata, see Fig. 14). In the first group, S. gregaria
and S. coralloidea bands had the same migratory
behaviour and could not be discriminated from each
other, but they could be separated from the two other
species in that group (S. calospora and S. castanea).
In the second group, all the species analysed contained
intraspecific polymorphism (i.e. multiple bands) and
the lower band of each species displayed the same
migratory behavior (position) in the gel (Fig. 14). These
species could be discriminated from each other on
the basis of the PCR-DGGE profiles.
Sequence comparison (Table 2) and phylogenetic
analysis (Fig. 15) confirmed the sequence similarity
within the two DGGE migration groups. The first
group was composed of sequences containing a higher
AT content than the sequences from the species of
the second group. In addition, sequences from SSU
nrDNA V9 region from S. aurigloba, S. nodosa,
S. projecturata, not analysed directly by DGGE, were
found to contain an intermediate AT/GC content
100 µm100 µm
100 µm 100 µm
100 µm100 µm
Figs 1–4. Changes in size and colour during the development of one spore of Scutellospora reticulata. As the spore
develops spore colour changes from white opaque (immature) to dark brown (mature). The subtending hypha (sh) moved
due to the growth of a root. Bold arrowheads show the sporogenous cell.
Scutellospora reticulata700
Page 5
compared to the other two groups. Despite having a
more intermediate AT content in its V9 region, the
sequences of S. calospora migrated in the region typical
of high AT species.
Representative clones for each of the three S. reti-
culata DGGE bands were subjected to sequence
analysis: 8 (upper position), 9 and 18–2 (middle pos-
ition), and 10 (lower position): see Fig. 14 and Table 2.
Clones corresponding to the three S. reticulata bands
were recorded in a ratio of 11:15:20 (upper:middle:
lower; n=46) as determined by DGGE screening. The
two clones of S. gregaria sequenced were identical
within the region analysed by DGGE (Table 2), and
were in agreement with the predicted and observed
melting behavior (Table 2, Fig. 14).
Molecular phylogeny
Prior to phylogenetic analysis the Scutellospora origin
of the sequences was confirmed by BLAST search
(Altschul et al. 1990). The substitution model that best
fit the data, after removing the constant and the gapped
gs gs
swswsw sw sw swsw
spore cytoplasm
stage 1 stage 2
stage 2
stage 3stage 4 stage 5 stage 6
S. reticulata
gsgsgsgs gsgsgsgs
S. heterogama
S. rubra*
S. calospora*
S. cerradensis
S. gilmorei*
S. pellucida
S. dipapillosa
S. nodosa
S. projecturata
S. spinosissima
S. weresubiae*
S. coralloidea
S. fulgida*
S. gregaria
S. persica
S. verrucosa
S. castanea*
spore cytoplasm
spore surface
iw1 iw2
sw iw1
sw iw1
sw iw1
spore surface
spore surface
spore cytoplasm
spore surface
spore cytoplasmspore cytoplasm
spore surface
Fig. 5. Murographic representation of spore wall layers. (A) Scutellospora reticulata (CNPAB11) spore ontogenesis. Six
discrete stages of differentiation were observed. The first three stages comprised the spore wall (SW) layers and the last
three the Inner Wall (IW) layers and germination shield (GS) differentiation. Stage 1 is characterized by spore expansion,
stage 2A and 2B by differentiation of the second SW layer (wave lines) into a double ornamented layer (O), followed by
differentiation of a laminar layer (vertical dashes) in stage 3. Spore colour changes from pale white to dark brown during
the transition between stages 2 and 3. Stage 4 is characterized by formation of the first bilayered IW layer (horizontal lines).
In stage 5 the second bilayered IW layer is formed and in stage 6 the GS is differentiated. (B) Groups of Scutellospora
species based on comparative developmental sequences. *, designates species possessing a smooth outer layer. Underlined
species were grouped based on their description. Modified from Franke & Morton (1994), Morton (1995),
Stu ¨ rmer & Morton (1999) and INVAM.
R. A. de Souza and others701
Page 6
sites, was HKY+G (Hasegawa, Kishino & Yano 1985,
Pousada & Crandall 1998), and the parameter were as
follows: proportion of invariable sites, I=0; gamma
distribution shape, G=9.5134; number of substitutions
type, NST=2; transition/transversion ratio=2.9585;
and base frequencies, A=0.2727; C=0.2009; G=
0.1971; T=0.3211. Usingnearly full-length SSU rDNA
sequences, Scutellospora sequences were grouped in
three separate clades, A–C in Fig. 15. The tree topo-
logy was consistent using distance, parsimony and
maximum likelihood methods. Clade A was composed
of S. aurigloba, S. calospora, S. nodosa and S. pro-
jecturata. The three sequence types of S. reticulata
clustered in clade B, together with sequences of S. cer-
radensis and S. heterogama. Sequences of S. dipapillosa
also cluster in that clade, however, the sequence avail-
able is only partial, and therefore it was not used in
the phylogenetic analysis. S. gregaria sequences clus-
tered in clade C together with S. castanea, S. fulgida, S.
gilmorei, S. pellucida, S. spinosissima and S. weresubiae.
13 13
50 µm50 µm50 µm
10 µm 10 µm10 µm
µm µmµm
20 10
10 10
Figs 6–13. Spore wall differentiation of Scutellospora reticulata (CNPAB11). Fig. 6. Spore wall with two thin layers at
stage one. First layer is hyaline 0.5 mm thick (open arrowhead), the second one is pale yellow and 2.0 mm thick (bold
arrowhead). Fig. 7. Lateral view of layer two of the spore wall with an external reticulum (open arrowhead) and internal
spines (bold arrowhead). Fig. 8. Reticular ornamentation on the surface spore wall layer of a pale cream-coloured juvenile
spore at stage 2. Fig. 9. Lateral view of mature spore wall showing space between outer and double ornamented layers
(open arrowhead) and transition between the spine and laminate layers (bold arrowhead). Fig. 10. Lateral view of reticular
ornamentation of the surface spore wall layer of dark-brown-coloured mature spores at stage 6 and spore wall layer 1 sealing
the reticulum (open arrowhead). Fig. 11. Upper view of the reticular ornamentation of a mature spore where the layer 1 is
present obstructing the view of the internal spines. Fig. 12. Two bi-layered flexible inner walls (IW) layers. Fig. 13. Lateral view
of the germination shield (gs), bigger panel. Lower panel in the upper corner, magnification of the left upper side of the
bigger panel, separation of the two inner layers to form the GS. Small panel in the lower corner, spore wall (SW),
inner wall (IW) layers and the tip of the germination tube (arrowhead).
Scutellospora reticulata702
Page 7
The monoxenic culture system proved ideal for the
study of spore development of Scutellospora reticulata,
as it facilitated sampling of spores at different devel-
opment stages and did not stimulate microbial activity
that can cause alterations in the outer wall layer.
Recently, mycelial characteristics and the role of auxil-
iary cells on spore production of this isolate were also
studied successfully using monoxenic culture system
(de Souza & Declerck 2003, Declerck et al. 2004).
Spore ontogeny
In Scutellospora reticulata, the first spore wall layer is
thin and evanescent, adherent to the second layer, not
reported in the original description of the species
(Koske et al. 1983). However, it breaks easily during
spore manipulation and may be decomposed by micro-
bial activity in soil-based systems, probably explaining
why it has never been reported before. Layers similar to
the one we observed actually may occur in two highly
ornamented Scutellospora species from La Gran
Sabana, Venezuela: S. spinosissima (Walker, Cuenca
& Sa ´ nchez 1998) and S. crenulata (Herrera-Peraza,
Cuenca & Walker 2001).
The development pattern of the outer ornamented
layer in S. reticulata has not been reported before.
We found that this layer first expands and later
differentiates into thedouble
characteristic of that species. The discrimination of
spore wall (SW) layers during ontogeny is not easy,
and in some species they are more evident than in
others. For example, Spain & Miranda (1996) found
an additional inner wall layer in the SW of S. cer-
radensis. Later, a similar layer was found also in
S. heterogama, S. pellucida and S. rubra (INVAM;
http:\\invam.caf.wvu.edu). Such an additional layer
was not observed for S. reticulata. This does not
demonstrate the absence of that layer in S. reticulata,
as it may be too thin to be differentiated using light
ornamented layer
Table 2. 23 DNA sequences from 15 different Scutellospora species, showing 43 variable positions in the SSU nrDNA V9 region and AT/GC
ratio of those positions.
Position in the alignmentb
Species/clone codea /GeneBank accession number
S. castanea AF038590
S. fulgida AJ306435
S. weresubiae AJ306444
S. gregaria F31; F37
S. nodosa AJ306437
S. gilmorei AJ276094
S. spinosissima AJ306436
S. calospora AJ306444
S. calospora AJ306443
S. calospora AJ306445
S. pellucida Z14012
S. aurigloba AJ276092
S. projecturata AJ242729
S. heterogama AJ306434
S. reticulata 8
S. aurigloba AJ276093
S. dipapillosa Z14013
S. cerradensis AB041344
S. cerradensis AB041345; S. reticulata 18-2; 9
S. reticulata 10
aDifferent clones in the same line are identical in DNA sequence for the fragment analysed by PCR-DGGE.
bThe 5k and the 3k end of the primers NS7 and F1Ra are located at positions 1420 and 1747 respectively, according to the alignment
provided at EMBL-EBI.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Fig. 14. PCR-DGGE analysis of the V9 region of the SSU
nrDNA sequences amplified from Scutellospora species
and run for 17 h at 95 v. Lane designations: 1, S. calospora
(BEG32); 2, S. gregaria (CNPAB7); 3, S. castanea (BEG1);
4, S. calospora (BEG32); 5, S. reticulata (CNPAB11); 6, S.
cerradensis (MAFF520056); 7, S. heterogama (CNPAB2); 8,
S. heterogama (UFLA); 9, S. gregaria (CNPAB7); 10, S.
coralloidea trap culture; (11), S. castanea (BEG1); 12, Blank;
and 13, S. reticulata (CNPAB11).
R. A. de Souza and others703
Page 8
Comparison between sporogenesis in
Scutellospora species
We compared the sporogenesis of Scutellospora reti-
culata with other species of the genus studied using the
same criteria (S. coralloidea, S. fulgida, S. heterogama,
S. gregaria, S. pellucida, S. persica, S. rubra, S. verru-
cosa; Franke & Morton 1994, Morton 1995, Stu ¨ rmer &
Morton 1999). Based on Morton, Bentivenga & Bever
(1995), species-level definition is limited mainly to
characters of the SW, and the IW layers define higher
taxonomic groups. The latter appear to be linked with
germination events. Using these criteria it was possible
to cluster these species into three groups (Fig. 5B). The
first group is composed of S. reticulata, S. heterogama,
S. rubra, which all have two bilayered IW groups and
the GS positioned between them (Franke & Morton
1994, Stu ¨ rmer & Morton 1999). S. calospora, S. cerra-
densis and S. gilmorei (Spain & Miranda 1996;
INVAM website), not studied using developmental
patterns, also belong to this group. The second group
contains S. pellucida, and is discerned by characteristics
of the second layer of the IW2, which expand under
light pressure in mounting medium (Franke & Morton
1994). Species related to S. pellucida are S. dipapillosa,
S. erythropa, S. nodosa, and S. weresubiae (Blaszkowski
1991, Franke & Morton 1994), also possibly S. pro-
jecturata and S. spinosissima. The third is composed
of S. fulgida, S. verrucosa, S. persica, S. coralloidea, and
S. gregaria, which are species with a single bilayered IW
group and the GS located between the SW and the IW
(Fig. 5; Morton 1995). The last two species in this
group (S. coralloidea and S. gregaria) are most closely
related based on cladistic analyses, and S. castanea
is also known to belong to this group (Morton 1995).
S. aurigloba, was used in the molecular analysis, but
due to poor information on spore wall components
it was not included in any of developmental groups.
Phylogenetic analysis based on SSU nrDNA
The molecular phylogeny based on SSU nrDNA has
been proved to discriminate from genus and subgenus
level to above (Redecker, Morton & Bruns 2000,
Schwarzott, Walker & Schu ¨ ßler 2001, Schu ¨ ßler et al.
2001, Walker & Schu ¨ ßler 2004), but fails to discrimi-
nate between species because nrDNA is too conserved,
something confirmed by our analysis. In Scutellospora
the SSU nrDNA sequence produced three shallow
clades supported by strong bootstrap values. These
clades have poor resolution to discriminate between
species. However, they are indicative of subgroups
within Scutellospora. We have not tested for polyphyly
in our analysis; the tree topology suggests a different
ancestor for clade A in relation to the clades B and C,
and the latter clades were most closely related with the
sister genus Gigaspora. Polyphyly has to be confirmed
through the analysis of more taxa and genes.
Comparing molecular phylogenetic and
morphological groupings
The three clades obtained by molecular phylogeny
clustered species that are closely related based on de-
velopmental patterns of the spores, but within each
clade more than one developmental group is present.
For instance, species on clade B are closely related
based on developmental patterns, except for Scutello-
spora dipapillosa (Fig. 5, not show in the tree; Fig. 15).
Using this criterion, species on clade C would be separ-
ated in three distinct groups: (1) S. castanea, S. fulgida,
and S. gregaria; (2) S. gilmorei; and (3) S. pellucida,
S. weresubiae, and S. spinosissima (Fig. 5). In clade A,
most of the species would cluster in the S. pellucida
group (Fig. 5). Besides, S. calospora (clade A) and
G. margarita F44
G. rosea X58726
G. albida Z14009
G. gigantea Z14010
S. gregaria F31
S. gregaria F37
S. spinosissimaAJ306436
S. pellucidaZ14012
S. gilmorei AJ276094
S. castanea AF038590
S. fulgida AJ306435
S. weresubiae AJ306444
S. cerradensis AB041344
S. cerradensis AB041345
S. heterogama AJ306434
S. reticulata 9
S. reticulata 18 2
S. reticulata 10
S. reticulata 8
S. calospora AJ306446
S. calospora AJ306443
S. calospora AJ306445
S. nodosa AJ306437
S. aurigloba AJ276092
S. aurigloba AJ276093
S. projecturata AJ242729
G. versiforme X86687
G. versiforme AJ276088
G. spurcum AJ276077
A. longula AJ306439
A. scrobiculata AJ306442
A. laevis Y17633
Acaulospora sp. AJ306441
Acaulospora sp. AJ306440
0.05 substitutions/site
Fig. 15. Maximum likelihood SSU nrDNA phylogenetic tree
were clustered in three clades denominated A, B and C. The
tree was constructed using maximum parsimony, minimum
evolution (ME) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The
bootstrap supports (1000 repetitions) for each of these
methods are shown, respectively; thicker lines represent
clades with support higher than 80% for all three methods,
and clades supported by bootstrap values lower than 50%
were reduced to polytomies. Sequences from Glomus group A
(Schwarzott et al. 2001) were used as out group (Glomus
mosseae, AJ306438; and G. clarum, AJ276084).
Scutellospora reticulata704
Page 9
S. gilmorei (clade C) should have clustered in clade B.
On one hand, these results could indicate the poor
resolution of SSU nrDNA to resolve species, or the
occurrence of recurrent mutation in these sequences
due to absence of selection (Givnish & Sytsma 1997).
On the other hand, if the molecular phylogeny is
correct then the developmental analysis might cluster
species with different ancestry based on convergence
of the IW layers. This might be possible if constraints
related to germination events take place during
species radiation. In such a scenario, nrDNA data must
give better resolution to discriminate sub-genus level
than developmental patterns based on IW layers
because nrDNA are probably under low selective
pressure during speciation in asexual organisms. The
comparison between molecular and morphological
characters is not easy, particularly in organisms were
genetics and evolutionary processes are poorly under-
stood. Besides, both data sets are subject to homoplasy.
Clearly, more research is needed to integrate morpho-
logical and molecular characters in Scutellospora
PCR-DGGE analysis
PCR-DGGE targeting the V9 region of the SSU
nrDNA could be used to discriminate Scutellospora
reticulata from all other Scutellospora species tested.
Due to the high level of sequence similarity some
closely related species (S. gregaria and S. coralloidea)
were not discriminated. Also, species in clades B and C
could be better discriminated from each other than
species from clade A (S. calospora). This poor separ-
ation within clade A may be due to the GC-rich nature
of the 3k end of amplicons in this clade, causing some
sequence differences to fall within a domain of rela-
tively high melting temperature, hampering discrimi-
nation (Table 2).
PCR-DGGE can only reveal changes that affect
melting behavior and thus some mutations (specifically
A$T and G$C changes) may go undetected. The
same sort of problems can occur during distinction of
sequences by RFLP. This technique overlooks mu-
tations that cause no changes in the restriction sites.
Also, the cloning procedure is known to affect the
integrity of the cloned DNA fragments, when using
mixed PCR products, as demonstrated by Speksnijder
et al. (2001). Here, prior to sequencing we screened
cloned products for correspondence to DGGE profiles
obtained from direct amplification of spores genomic
DNA. This step decreases the chances of selection of
clones containing PCR or cloning artifacts (Speksnijder
et al. 2001). Therefore we can be highly confident
of the sequence data. The SSU nrDNA sequences of
S. cerradencis deposited in the GeneBank were ob-
tained using the same accession used here. Based on
our DGGE analysis, the sequence deposited for S. cer-
radensis (AB041345) should have matched with S. reti-
culata clone 10 as opposed to clones 9 and 18-2
(Table 2, Fig. 14), which suggests a possible cloning or
PCR error in that sequence.
The great advantage of PCR-DGGE for analysis of
AM fungi is that it takes advantage of the intraspecific
polymorphism of the nrDNA copies to discriminate
closely related species. This was the case of S. reti-
culata, S. cerradensis, and S. heterogama. The same
approach was used to discriminate all known species
and even isolates in Gigaspora (de Souza et al. 2004).
The characterization of intraspecific nrDNA poly-
morphism using PCR-DGGE provides a detailed
molecular fingerprint suitable for species identification.
These characteristics make PCR-DGGE a good tech-
nique to control purity of AM fungal inoculum in
culture collections and to select clones before sequen-
cing, in addition, to its utility in assessing the diversity
of AM fungi species in environmental samples
(Kowalchuk, de Souza & van Veen 2002, Opik et al.
2003, de Souza et al. 2004).
(1) Thesporogenesis
revealed a novel pattern of outer spore wall differ-
(2) Phylogenetic analyses grouped S. reticulata in a
cluster together with S. cerradensis and S. hetero-
gama, which are species that share similar spore
developmental patters.
(3) S. reticulata could be discriminated from all
16 known Scutellospora species by PCR-DGGE
analysis of the V9 region of the SSU nrDNA, a
result confirmed by sequence analysis.
of Scutellosporareticulata
FAdeS was supported by the Brazilian Council for Scientific
and Technological Development (CNPq) (grant #200850/98-9). SD
gratefully acknowledges the financial support received from the
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (contract BCCM C3/10/003).
We would like to thank the contribution of the two anonymous
reviewers for their valuable comments. This represents publication
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Corresponding Editor: P. Bonfante
Scutellospora reticulata706


text:
…driving along the Great Ocean Road (taken thru the windsheild – we were the first in a long line of traffic, waiting for the herd to cross – these were the stragglers…)
The Great Ocean Road (put it on your list to do!)
Victoria, Australia
…and wonderful to see the working dogs in full flight…(as opposed to others who just won't budge from my lounge!!)
♥ Other Misc Pics ♥
Very cute!
Good shot!
Great shot!
Jeepers! She's rustling Polly's sheep!! Oi! bring 'em by lass!
thanks so much trish… very much appreciated… considering the circumstances ♥
– a~m .
…and Trish, could you please convey my thanks for all the lovely comments in the forum Challenge announcement… as i am unable to comment anywhere due to my removal…♥ thanks so much x
– a~m .
Congrats am
thanks heaps BP… ♥
– a~m .
Super capture, congrats on the challenge win !
thanks so much jan.. ♥
– a~m .


text:
64 of 138 Items
Atlas 95. Vol. 11, 1905.
Cities & towns -- New York (State) -- Maps
Fire insurance -- New York (State) -- Maps
Real property --New York (State) --Maps
Sanborn Map Company
Early Real Estate Atlases of New York
Stephen A. Schwarzman Building / The Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division
All Any
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Brooklyn V. 11, Plate No. 60 [Map bounded by 82nd St., 10th Ave., 86th St., 7th Ave.]
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Pentagon Ups Hacking Accusations Against China 151
from the polite-warnings-and-gentle-reprimands dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
why does it *have* to be china that's doing the attacking?
The type of analysis used to reach this conclusion includes far more information than source IPs. Based on the wealth of attack data available to even some of the smallest security providers, it's not tough to eventually paint a pretty good picture of China (their military, especially) as a core of generally nefarious network activity. A single IP isn't enough to place blame, but billions of packets over years of activity are definitely enough to attribute a significant volume of the world's hacking directly to the Chinese.
Source: I do a significant amount of network traffic analysis specifically for security.
Now get back to propping up our economy and owning most of our soverign debt.
Care to back that up with a source? They are the largest foreign holder of debt but that is far from owning most of our debt. China owns about 8% of public debt [wikipedia.org].
IF I HAD A MINE SHAFT, I don't think I would just abandon it. There's got to be a better way. -- Jack Handley, The New Mexican, 1988.


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What Is It About "The Family" That Makes It So Unloved By Critics?
By Victoria Pavlova | 13th September 2013
The Family sounds great on paper – a Luc Besson film, set in France, starring Robert de Niro, Michelle Pfeifer, Tommy Lee Jones and Diana Argon – it would take a… the opposite of a...
Tagged in this article - Robert De Niro, Michelle Pfeiffer, Tommy Lee Jones, John D'Leo
Robert De Niro Stars In Mobster-comedy 'The Family' [Trailer And Pictures]
By Lauren James | 10th June 2013
John D'Leo, Michelle Pfeiffer and Dianna Agron in 'The Family'From director Luc Besson (Taken, Léon) comes a new gangster movieThe Family- only this time Besson has made a black comedy. The Family stars Hollywood heavyweights...
Tagged in this article - Robert De Niro, Luc Besson, Dianna Agron, John D'Leo, Michelle Pfeiffer


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Can anybody tell me why Facebook doesn't scrape my page, and also the debug/linter tools cant scrape it? I've searched and searched and can't find a way to fix it. As far as I can tell all the og:tags and scripts are implemented correctly.
The page is at http://www.coincident.dk
The debug url is this: http://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug/og/object?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coincident.dk


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Life of Lights
Can anyone tell me how long plant lights last before they need to be replaced? Mine will be two years old this coming Christmas. They are regular shop lights and have done a great job. Just wondering...
Brand new lights are very bright for a few weeks. If you replace two old bulbs at one, the intensity of the light can be rough on some of the violets. Or so I have been told. I have replaced two bulbs at a time once or twice and didn't see any problems, but then I have 24 inch bulbs. Maybe 48 inch bulbs can make a difference because the intensity is over a wider area. Just a thought.
When I purchased my new light stand I automatically put two new bulbs in each fixture. My plants began to bleach out and turn a sickly yellow. I reduced the number of hours the lights were on for about a month and eventually they all came back. As for a culture break, click the link below and look at the break in my Picasso and how I dealt with it.
Fred in NJ
Here is a link that might be useful: The Violet Voice


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I bought one for my SR9C from the Holster Store. Simple leather IWB but I can barely tell I am carrying the gun it is so comfortable. Not sure how much of that is the gun and how much is the holster but I love it.
Went ahead and bought the mold your own kit from Old Faithful. They didn't have a match for my gun. Plus, I think it'll be kind of fun to do the molding myself. Thanks everyone for your input.
Add another vote to Old Faithful. I am ordering one for my P250 for outdoor and daily carry. If you want a pocket carry or something for leisure outfits I highly recommend Remora no clip holsters. Mine is on the way in size 6 RFT/ART and I have heard nothing but awesome things.
Think about it this way...
Crossbreed- $75-80
Remora- $35
Old Faithful Stage 3 kit- $40
So you can get two extremely nice holsters of varying types for the price of one gaudy looking crossbreed. Seriously though, check out Old Faithful!!!
"I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just and that his justice cannot sleep forever."--Thomas Jefferson
To the distinguished character of patriot, it should be our highest glory to add
the more distinguished character of Christian. --George Washington
"If we make peaceful revolution impossible, we make violent revolution inevitable." --John F. Kennedy
I was impressed with the crossbreed but truthfully, there were a few things I disliked. One was the fact that since they rivet the kydex to the leather you can't tighten down the kydex as the leather stretches. The second was the fancy clips, nice, but I don't think it was worth the extra $$. And for less than $50 delivered the old faithful was well the costs.
For me I like something very light and small just posted this on another thread TAGUA IWB leather holster I love it
"You can all go to Hell and I will go to Texas"
Subscribed. Looking for something to comfortably carry a large auto iwb every day. The one I have now I have problems with the whole holster sliding out. There any holster out there that actually has belt loops on the clip so it doesn't slide up? Maybe a thumb break also
Has anyone tried the Foxx holster for SOB carry? This seems to be a good spot for me, and the holster seems impressive online. Any real world opinions?


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Designed to bring the outdoors in, this spa-style master bathroom features an infinity soaking bathtub, rainwater shower and nature-inspired materials.
The Master Bathroom Tour From Blog Cabin 2014 uses Flash. Download Flash now, or view the Master Bathroom Tour From Blog Cabin 2014 as photo slideshow.
About the Master Bathroom:
Bath Crashers host Matt Muenster incorporates his signature style into the spa-style master bathroom. An infinity soaking tub, positioned to take advantage of the lake view, pairs with a custom-built live edge wood and concrete vanity. Thoughtful details, like a hidden television in the mirror and five programmable shower heads, add a layer of luxury to this relaxing escape.
Tool expert Chris Grundy highlights the transformation from beginning to end.
Interior designer Alison Victoria surprises shoppers and creates fabulous new kitchens.
Licensed contractor Matt Muenster shares amazing bathroom design tips.


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Breeding your next mount might sound like a cheap option, but the costs of rearing a foal to maturity are considerable
The week on Twitter: Aidan Coleman, Sharon Hunt and Emily Baldwin
Enjoy the H&H team's top tweets from the equestrian twitterverse this week
Explaining kissing spines: all you need to know
Kissing spines can cause severe pain and seriously affect a horse's performance. Find out what the symptoms are and how it can be treated
Were you out with the Fernie or the Hurworth Hunts? [PICTURES]
Were you hunting with either the Fernie or the Hurworth Hunts when the H&H hunting correspondents paid a visit? If so, why not take a look at our gallery to…
Be prepared before laminitis strikes [PROMOTION]
If you're concerned about laminitis this spring, check out these useful products from H&H's partners
7 horsey things to do this week
Stuck for things to do? We've picked a selection of equestrian events to keep boredom at bay over the next 7 days
16 common conformation terms explained
If you don't know your 'false curb' from your 'swan neck' then H&H is here to help out with some jargon busting
How to become a ride judge in the showring
Think you've got what it takes to be a ride judge? Read our top tips on how to get involved
Harry Meade: how to improve your straightness for jumping [VIDEO]
Horse & Hound caught up with World Equestrian Games eventing silver-medallist Harry Meade to get his top tips for improving your straightness when jumping
Eventing in numbers: a nifty Irishman, an American-based dressage diva and 92% clear rounds
H&H's eventing editor brings you the latest on the week's eventing action in statistics


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Adventures Among Ants
A Global Safari With A Cast of Trillions
From the critics
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Normally, I don't care too much for personal anecdotes in science literature. However, Moffett's descriptions of his travels and experiences with both humans and animals, and their environments, add layers to the narrative which make for a very interesting read. I definitely learned new things about the ant world and truly enjoyed the pictures in this book.
Extremely interesting. I had no idea that ants are such amazing creatures. I now watch them with a whole new perspective, even though I studied them closely as a small child in my back yard.
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Henrik Lundqvist was exceptional for the Rangers Tuesday as they stole a Game 7 victory from the Penguins by a score of 2-1 to advance to the Eastern Conference Finals.
Tyler Seguin recorded a goal and an assist as the Stars edged the Canucks on Saturday night 4-3 in overtime.
Matt Duchene registered a goal and two assists as the Avalanche defeated the Sabres on Saturday night 5-3.
Alexander Steen suffered a lower-body injury Saturday night.
Mikko Koivu scored twice and added an assist as the Wild took down the Kings 4-1 on Saturday night.
Devan Dubnyk stopped 31 of 32 shots in the Wild's 4-1 win over the Kings on Saturday night.
Sergei Bobrovsky made 29 saves for the Blue Jackets in their 4-2 win against the Blues on Saturday night.
Patrik Berglund registered a goal and an assist in the Blues' 4-2 loss to the Blue Jackets on Saturday night.
Tyler Bozak broke out for three goals and an assist in the Maple Leafs' 4-3 overtime win against the Senators on Saturday night.
Cam Talbot will be in net when the Rangers host the Capitals on Sunday afternoon.
Forward Rene Bourque will miss the rest of the season because of a back injury.
Pittsburgh superstar Evgeni Malkin returned to the Penguins Saturday and contributed two assists in a 3-2 victory over the visiting Arizona Coyotes.


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Trinidad Guardian article.
Port of Spain, Trinidad - West Indies cricketer Kieron Pollard slammed an unbeaten 53 to help Queen's Park to an easy five-wicket win over Caldrac in Sunday's 50-over League action at Gilbert Park, California.
Pollard's knock included five fours and three sixes as Queen's...
Trinidad Guardian article.
Wellington, New Zealand - West Indies batting legend Sir Viv Richards said yesterday that West Indies should use their experience in the World Cup to boost them in the future.
Summing up the West Indies performance in the tournament, Sir Viv said no one gave them a...
Windwards Volcanoes v Jaguars
Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 |
Live streaming video by Ustream
Toss: Guyana Jaguars won the toss and elected to bowl
Windward Islands Volcanoes Final XI...
KINGSTON, Jamaica, CMC – Scoreboard on the third day of the final round game in the WICB Professional Cricket League between Jamaica Franchise and Barbados Pride at Sabina Park here Sunday:
Full Day 3 Report to follow......
ROSEAU, Dominica, CMC – Scoreboard on the second day of the final round game in the WICB PCL between Windward Islands Volcanoes and Guyana Jaguars at Windsor Park on Saturday:
Full Day 3 Report to follow...


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Cleven International Hotel
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TripAdvisor Reviews Cleven International Hotel Yancheng
Travel Blogs from Yancheng
... proof that miracles do happen. We made it home alive. That was the miracle. For some reason, Mr Lu, our driver, wanted to get home fast. Never mind the heavy rain, incredibly poor visibility and heavy traffic on the highway. He just kept driving as he normally does, weaving in and out of lanes, following closely behind other vehicles, and using the brakes often, which is fine on a fine day. Not today. Scary, scary stuff, I tell you!
The roller coaster ride ...
... that this was a little ploy to convince us of how great China is and that we would be put under some pressure at this meal. We ate our food which was lovely, it was a little awkward but we all tried our best to be positive and happy, keeping up appearances and all that. After the meal, Kirsty got up to go to the toilet and literally as soon as she was out of ear shot the four Chinese guys started piling on the pressure to me and Ruby – they explained how great ...
First full day in Huai'An
... centre of Birmingham in rush hour but that is nothing compared to this
– there was cars facing ALL direction because apparently all rules of the road
are abolished on moving in day, people on electric bike with kids on their
backs (who had bags of clothes on their backs) were trying to weave in and out
of the cars, some people who had decided to ditch off their transport in the
middle of a jam tried to walk around the cars and the bikes and me, Ruby ...
Seeing our school and finding our feet in Huai'An
... take her to her school city and apartment which is around an hour's drive away from here, it was sad to see her go because although she was crazy (in an eccentric kind of way) we had grown quite fond of her! We just chilled in my hotel room for an hour or two after saying our goodbyes, updating blogs, emailing home and drinking coffee and eating chocolate. We ventured out about 5pm to go and explore a bit more of the city and find somewhere to eat. ...
On the road again ....
... no idea what we were doing so we queued up at the information desk , had natives push in front of us for ten minutes, only to be told that we just needed to go straight to check in at desk 16,17,18. Now one of our group (Amrit) was going to a completely different place but that didn't seem to matter. So we queued and everyone (apart from me) had to pay excess baggage fees, but we caught on quick that they had tampered with the scales because all of us know for a ...


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Elco Lighting EUSC24 Under Cabinet Light, 24" 600MM Linkable Cable - White
Brand: Elco Lighting Model: EUSC24 Condition: New
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| If you are using any Linkable Plug-In Fluorescent Undercabinet Lights from Elco and want to connect multiple units together, then these linkable cables are what you will need to complete your set-up. Elco Linking Cable is for use with EUS8W, EUS14W, EUS21W, and EUS28W Undercabinet Lights.
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Lisa Rinna
RHOBH Premiere: 'It's Like Mean Girls,' Says an Ostracized Brandi Glanville
Originally posted 11/19/2014 08:05AM
The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills has always been filled with drama, but Season 5 will likely reach new heights with the addition of soap opera divas Lisa Rinna and Eileen Davidson.
"If you spend enough time in this town, you know everybody," replied Rinna, smiling through her famed lips.
Continued Rinna about her family and husband, Mad Men actor Harry Hamlin: "It is a trip and a half to raise two teenage daughters … Harry is king. We play along with that. Sometimes I rebel against that."
RHOBH's Lisa Rinna: I'm a 'Dirty Vegan'
Originally posted 11/07/2014 08:35PM
The new RHOBH star reveals the eating and fitness plan that helps her keep her slim shape
Real Housewives of Beverly Hills
Days Of Our Lives' Eileen Davidson Is Joining RHOBH, Says Source
Originally posted 07/23/2014 06:55PM
One way to add more drama to The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills? Throw in a couple of former soap opera stars.
Just a week after PEOPLE learned that Days of Our Lives alum Lisa Rinna will appear in the Bravo series, a source says that Eileen Davidson is now set to join her soap opera star pal next season on the reality show.
Lisa Rinna: 'Really Challenging' to Get into Headspace of Schoolgirl Britney
Originally posted 06/06/2014 07:30AM
It's Britney, b––––.
Well, not quite – but Lisa Rinna did a pretty good impression for ABC's new reality competition show Sing Your Face Off.
The 50-year-old actress channeled her inner school girl on Saturday's episode, impersonating Britney Spears and singing her 1999 smash "… Baby One More Time."
Stars Bring Levity and Prayers During Sandy Disaster
Originally posted 10/30/2012 10:00AM
More than 7 million people were left without power as Superstorm Sandy drenched the East Coast overnight Monday.
Instead of waking up to updates via TV and radio, Twitter became the go-to for getting news as well as putting out personal statuses of storm survival.
Here are some of the reactions (as well as photo and video) as people survey the damage of the storm on Tuesday morning.
Celebrity Apprentice Returns with All-Star Cast
Originally posted 10/12/2012 11:35AM
They've heard the dreaded "You're Fired" before, but they're back for more!
Celebrity Apprentice is back with its all-star season, giving fan favorites another shot at a $250,000 prize for the charity of their choice. Among the crop of 14 who'll battle it out in the boardroom: Bret Michaels, Trace Adkins, Lil Jon, Marilu Henner, Lisa Rinna, La Toya Jackson, Gary Busey, Stephen Baldwin, Penn Jillette and Omarosa.
Show host Donald Trump and the new cast appeared on Friday's Today show to talk about what's in store for this season, which starts shooting Monday and will premiere in March 2013.
Lisa Rinna Parties with Celebrity Pals (and a Drool-Worthy Menu) for Her Birthday
Originally posted 07/16/2012 06:00AM
Lisa Rinna had no shortage of celebrity guests come out to celebrate her 49th birthday on Thursday night at her and hubby Harry Hamlin's Los Angeles home.
Joined by her usual group of gal pals – including Denise Richards, Maria Menounos, Nancy O'Dell, Holly Robinson Peete, Garcelle Beauvais and Angelina Jolie's stylist Jen Rade – Rinna treated her 30 attendees to a Mexican-themed fiesta produced by Good Carma Studio in her backyard.
Kitchit chef Meg Hall was on hand to present a generous menu, which included shrimp and guacamole tostadas, chorizo-stuffed squash blossoms, shishito peppers and key lime pie shooters.
"Lisa's daughters and dog were in the kitchen a lot," a source tells PEOPLE. "There were some special items made for her daughter Amelia, [who doesn't eat gluten]. The kitchen was the gathering spot for most of the other guests, too. Garcelle and Denise were in there most of the evening, chatting about their kids."
– Patrick Gomez
Lisa Rinna Gets Her Lip Stitches Checked
Originally posted 10/29/2010 04:10PM
Lisa Rinna's lips may look fine and dandy today, but when she recently underwent surgery to correct those plump puckers, her hubby Harry Hamlin feared the turnout would not be so pleasant.
"Lisa could look weird for the rest of her life," a worried Hamlin said by his wife's beside in a clip released exclusively to PEOPLE. "She must be freaking out. I can see on the doctor's face, his look of concern … this could be serious."
After Rinna's doctor said his patient's lips were "not healing very well," as he tried taking out her stitches, a concerned Rinna looked to her husband for reassurance. "Help me," she says in the clip, which will air Nov. 10 on the season finale of Harry Loves Lisa on TV Land. "Now what? What do we do? What do I do?"
Donald Trump: Star Jones Is 'Really, Really Smart' on Celebrity Apprentice
Originally posted 10/28/2010 07:00PM
More names of stars set to appear on The Celebrity Apprentice were dropped Thursday during Donald Trump's interview with the co-hosts of The View.
Dionne Warwick, LaToya Jackson, Lisa Rinna were all mentioned by Sherri Shepherd to Trump, who appeared in segment to chat about his reality show and a possible run for President.
The mogul himself added José Conseco – whom he called a "real piece of work" – David Cassidy and Meatloaf to the list.
Lisa Rinna's Lip Surgery Didn't Make Harry Hamlin Smile at First
Originally posted 10/14/2010 11:15AM
Lisa Rinna's mouth has attracted plenty of attention over the years – not all of it flattering. But one person who had no issue with her famously puffy pout? Her husband, Harry Hamlin.
"What got me about Lisa was her eyes, not her lips," says Hamlin, who married Rinna in 1997. "So I spent most of my time looking at those."
Hamlin says he didn't notice as, over the years, Rinna's top lip became swollen and bumpy – the result of scar tissue that formed around silicone injected into the lip when she was 25.
"Whatever change took place was so gradual, it never registered for me," says Hamlin, adding that when kissing his wife, her mouth always "felt soft and supple."
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Once upon a time there was a leader of a major country who grew so tired with vested interests and self-serving elites who had their hands on the main levers of power that he decided to launch a campaign to bring them down to size.Friday, 15 March, 2013, 3:31am 5 comments
There is no surer way for an incoming government to show that it means business than with a shake-up of the bureaucracy. A week before the start of Xi Jinping's presidency, premier-in-waiting Li Keqiang kept with tradition and unveiled at the National People's Congress the seventh restructuring in 40 years.14 Mar 2013 - 2:59am
Since the United States' founding in 1776, Americans have considered it an exceptional nation. Chinese, too, view themselves as exceptional with their connection to the celestial empire. Chinese "exceptionalism", however, diverges from the American concept. The political ideology of the US resonates with the Enlightenment values of democracy, freedom and individual rights. Meanwhile, China strives to preserve and perfect its exceptional nature based on the Confucian model of virtues.14 Mar 2013 - 2:59am 4 comments
Yang Kuang said he had been escorted to Beijing airport and put on a flight after being held for over 30 hours by police, who told him he had been detained for "provoking quarrels and making trouble".11 Mar 2013 - 8:31am 14 comments
"In fact, reforms are aimed at cutting off pieces from one's own body." Wang Yang's words may sound sadistic but they encapsulate the enormous challenges and difficulties the mainland leadership has in pushing ahead with any major reform - political, economic or social.11 Mar 2013 - 5:45am
Rumours have circulated over the past few days over Zhou Qiang's career path, suggesting he would be appointed either the president of the Supreme People's Procuratorate or president of the Supreme People's Court.10 Mar 2013 - 6:56am
The curtain is likely to be drawn on several decades-old ministries and agencies, while others are expected to be streamlined when State Council secretary general Ma Kai submits proposals to restructure cabinet bodies to the annual meeting of the National People's Congress today.10 Mar 2013 - 6:56am
Xi Jinping has taken aim at the rampant collusion between mainland officials and rogue businessmen for the first time since becoming chief of the Communist Party, warning officials not to rub shoulders with businessmen.10 Mar 2013 - 5:52am
The Communist Party's top disciplinary body has yet to put a draft of the mainland's first anti-corruption law on its agenda, a top anti-graft official said this week, despite frequent pledges to accelerate the process.10 Mar 2013 - 5:52am
If a new survey by an international accounting group is correct, half (51 per cent) of senior management jobs in mainland companies are now held by women. This places the mainland ahead of Hong Kong, other Asian economies and such Western countries as the United States and Britain, according to the report by Grant Thornton International, which surveyed chief executives and chairmen of 6,627 companies in all industry sectors around the world.9 Mar 2013 - 2:31am
The contrast between the mindless partisan fighting in Washington and the smooth way that the changing of the guard is now going on in China has emboldened some people to assert that we have seen the global future and it is the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.9 Mar 2013 - 2:31am 2 comments
Last November, Communist Party secretary Xi Jinping evoked the "China Dream" during a visit to the National Museum of China's "Road Towards Renewal" exhibition in Beijing. The phrase went viral on China's weibo and drew a spate of emotional patriotic outpourings from overseas Chinese.9 Mar 2013 - 2:32am 1 comment
Beijing wants security and loyalty from Hong Kong. The pan-democrats want democracy. Both sides insist their demand must be met first before they will concede to the other side. Both can legitimately appeal to the Basic Law as trying to fulfil our constitutional duties.9 Mar 2013 - 10:29am
A decade is a long time in politics, particularly for someone put in charge of the day-to-day running of a country as dynamic and diverse as China. Yet outgoing Premier Wen Jiabao has persevered with the task, making the most of his skills as a technocrat while putting himself forward as a man of the people. He has gamely steered the economy and made many grand gestures and promises, most of which remain unfulfilled as he prepares to hand over to Li Keqiang. There are those who will be sorry to see him go; others want his successor to be more about substance than populism.6 Mar 2013 - 2:51am
This year's National People's Congress and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference meetings are important in the sense that a new government will be "sworn in". The new premier will take up his position, together with a whole new cabinet - following the forming of a new Central Committee, ministers are expected to be reappointed as well, with a five-year term ahead.6 Mar 2013 - 2:51am


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Guru3D Rig of the Month - February 2015
Guru3D.com » News » Submerges
Google Street View Submerges
By Hilbert Hagedoorn on: 09/27/2012 07:58 AM | 11 comment(s) ]
Google's Street View has submerges, that's right .. underwater locations. In partnership with The Catlin Seaview Survey, Mountain View created the on-rails snorkeling experiences using undersea pictures from Heron, Lady Elliot and Wilson Islands at the Great Barrier Reef, Molokini Crater and Hanauma Bay in Hawaii and the Apo Islands in the Philippines. Combined with views from Chichen Itza and Teotihuacan, the new underwater tours might make for a respectable, desk-based vacation. Check the video after the break.Read more
Guru3D.com » News » Submerges


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Floor Plans and Pricing
2 Bedrooms
|Two Bedroom
|1 Bathroom
|Contact for Sq. Ft.
4 Bedrooms
|Four Bedroom
|2 Bathrooms
|Contact for Sq. Ft.
Property Features
- Property Overview
- Special Features
- Community Features
- Apartment Amenities
- Local Schools
- Pet Policy
Eagle Meadows in Dover, DE
Located in the heart of Dover, Delaware Eagle Meadows offers two and four bedroom apartments. Eagle Meadows offers easy access to Route 13 and Route 1. It is located near the Dover Air Force Base, near major employers, and popular shopping spots. Pets are allowed. Eagle Meadows has 24/7 on call maintenance, spacious closets, and washer and dryer connections. The property has five playgrounds, a jogging trail, and a basketball court. Parking is free with many available spaces. Call the leasing office today for more information
Special Features
- Newly Renovated
- Spacious Closets
- Pets Welcome
- Washer and Dryer Connections
- 24/7 on call maintenance
- Close to public transportation
- Jogging Trail
- 5 Playgrounds
- Dishwasher
- Covered Parking
- Basketball Court
- New Heating and Central Air Units
Community Features
- Accepts Credit Card Payments
- Accepts Electronic Payments
- Apartment
- Covered Lot
- Fitness Center
- Freeway Access
- On Street Parking
- Playground
- Public Transportation
- Short Term Lease
- Standard
Additional Information
Apartments in Community: 114
Apartment Amenities
- Air Conditioning
- Cable or Satellite
- Carpet
- Ceiling Fan
- Dishwasher
- Electric Utilities Included
- Extra Storage
- Hardwood Floor
- Internet Access
- Patio or Balcony
- Utilities Paid
- Washer Dryer Hookup
- Water Sewer and Trash
Local Schools
- F. Niel Postlethwait Middle School
We believe school data to be accurate, but do not guarantee that. Please be sure to verify where your children will attend school before making your housing decision.
Pet Policy
- Pets Allowed
Contact Eagle Meadows
Eagle Meadows
Office HoursM-F 9-5 Saturday 9-12
Eagle Meadows are two and four bedroom apartments located in Dover, Delaware. Managed by Morgan Communities, Eagle Meadows are newly renovated,have spacious closets, and washer dryer connections. Eagle Meadows has 24/7 on call maintenance. It is located near major employers, services and shopping, and the Dover Air Force Base. Pets are allowed.
From Delaware: Route 1 South take US-113 North exit (exit 95). Turn left on Bay Road South. Go to second light and turn right onto Route 10 West. Approx. 1/4 mile after second light make a left onto Sorghum Mill Road. Make a left approx. 2 miles up onto Carolina Avenue. Make right onto Connecticut Lane.
As you search for your perfect apartment, please keep in mind that rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability are very fluid in the apartment industry. Based on many factors, the rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability can actually change not just daily, but hourly, if not even more quickly. While our advertisers do take steps to keep their information current, the rental rates or availability you may find here now at ForRent.com may not be the same as when you contact the communities.
Quick Links For Your Apartment Search
- Dover metro
- Kent County area
- Dover
- 19901
- See Also


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Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Employment Arena : Proceedings of the New York University 53rd Annual Conference on Labor
AUTHOR: Estreicher, Samuel and Sherwyn, David
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Law International
Also available at Amazon.com
This book is not guaranteed to come with supple-
mental materials (access codes, CD's, DVDs, etc.)
mental materials (access codes, CD's, DVDs, etc.)
21 Day Unconditional Guarantee
any book, any reason


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A match being lit
A match being lit
A metallic lamp switch clicking on and off.
Crushing and crunching glass by foot, well... Shoe. Tiny glass particles colliding when stepped on, crunching them. Then lifting shoe, ...
Snapping with my finger.
Some noises from my broken TV set.
Removing and playing with Stones of the Park. It was recorded using a Zoom H2 recording device at the Park ...
Just a few simple sound from a gas lighter.
Crushing something. It is a piece of foam, but could as well sound as a bodypart or something.
Peeing on carpet.
Sound of tearing stuff
Close up of scraping the bristles on a tooth brush recorded with laptop and USB microphone in the bathroom.
Recordings made in the frame of The City Rings project November 2013. Sounds from objects that are beloved to the ...
Flesh, intestines, blood, bones, you name it.
Complete preparation of a coffe with an italian Bialetti coffee-maker


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Really cool place! Very cozy, comfortable and good-designed hotel
with quit relaxed atmosphere. You feel like owners were trying to
take care about all your needs and at the same time make everything
simple and still functional. It seems people feel very proud about
working there.... From the receptionists, to the cleaning staff, to
the host at breakdast. Btw, excellent breakfast! Also, this hotel is
very close to metro.
P.S. special thanks for the beautiful complimentary champagne, card, and s - Anonymous
Hotel is located in a nice place near the city center. It is 5 minutes walk from Red Square and the Kremlin. Hotel is very nice, staff very receptions and vtřícný. I recommend this hotel and next time you stay in the same hotel - Anonymous
1.New building, close to center, easy access to the metr -3 min walking
from hotel, and about 15 min from train station with train to
Sheremetievo.( Just 2 stations from ours)2- luxury, well designed with
a lot of natural stone and wood in interiors, 3-reach breakfast always
with at least 4 hot dishes and soup, natural juices, good choice of
tea, various types of coffe, cakes,cheeses and meat served in
wonderful restaurant- we choosed comfortable red sofas every
day,althought brea - Anonymous
Been to this hotel many times.
Staff are exceedingly friendly and professional and will go the extra mile to ensure your stay is comfortable.
Location is excellent and you can walk to most of the places of interest - Kremlin etc in 10 minutes. Metro station 2 minutes away. - Anonymous
Nice room, swimming pool and view - Anonymous
location,breakfast,friendly staff.,spa - Anonymous
Good service - ??????
The most important for me, speaking about the hotel always is the comfort and possibility to have all u need during your stay. In this case, I can admit that Aquamarine hotel was perfect- near the city centre (reach in 10 min by metro), calm place, good stuff. Possibility to work (if necessary) or just to relax after hard day in a traffic jumps, meetings ec. also good mood: clean, comfortable, good air conditioning system. - Anonymous
Almost everything: Location, comfort, quality, staff, breakfast buffet...
We enjoyed very much staying in the hotel.
Its modest exterior may be misleading; once you step in you feel the touch of care and quality.
Rooms are specious, well equipped, stylish, clean (we changed our room because we wanted a room with a view of waterfront facing Kremilin, after the first night we were moved to another room).
We would definitely go there again. - Anonymous
Great position near the Domededovo airport express train station. Good modern hotel with easy atmosphere and friendly staff - Anonymous
If you (as myself) are lucky enough to get this hotel at a special price from letsbookhotel.com, then it represents absolutely unbeatable value for money. In any case, it is excellent hotel with so many bonuses that I have never seen in any other hotel (see other customer's reviews for the details regarding the bonuses). Particularly, I would like to mention the rather unusial for Russia excellent and professional service. Thank you, guys, I will be happy to come back and meet you again. - Anonymous
The hotel is well located close to Red Square - about 1 Km away but the
walk to the centre is well worth the effort for the street traders etc
on the route. The room - we had a junior suite - was comfortable and
spacious. The view over the river was nice. The staff were excellent. I
booked at 60% off the rack rate so it was good value too. - Anonymous
A very nice hotel with friendly and service minded staff. Perfect location for both business and pleasure - Magnus


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patterns of children
mollie_bookloverMarch 16, 2006
Anyone know of any free patterns of little children... babies or toddlers?
You might check-out this website: http://www.cross-stitch-board.com/index.php Click on downloads, there is a pattern for Good Luck Baby under charity designs that is real cute. These are all free downloads. Hope this helps.