text:
Methods for the formation of colloidal suspensions. The method includes combining an aqueous substance with a second substance that is normally immiscible with the aqueous substance, to form a mixture, and before, during or after the combining removing dissolved gases from one or both of the aqueous and second substance, whereby the aqueous and second substances mix and form a colloidal suspension. The methods for the formation of colloidal suspensions include methods for the formation of emulsions as well as particulate dispersions. The methods used to form the colloidal suspensions in accordance with the present invention produce colloidal suspensions that are stable for periods from an hour to several weeks in the absence of surfactants or stabilizing agents.
1. A process for the production of an oil emulsion, comprising:
combining an aqueous liquid with
an oil, to form a mixture,
wherein the mixture is formed in the absence of a surfactant, and in the absence of an emulsion stabilizing polymer and in the absence of a stabilizing agent; and
before, during or after said combining removing dissolved gases from the mixture, the oil, or the aqueous liquid;
thus forming an oil emulsion, which does not comprise either a surfactant, an emulsion stabilizing polymer or a stabilizing agent;
wherein the removing dissolved gases comprises removing at least 99 per cent of the dissolved gas present in the mixture, the oil or the aqueous liquid; and
wherein said oil emulsion is formed without mechanical action.
2. The process of
3. The process of
4. The process of
5. The process of
6. the process of
7. The process of
8. The process of
9. A process for the production of an oil emulsion, comprising:
combining an aqueous liquid with
an oil, to form a mixture,
wherein the mixture is formed in the absence of a surfactant, and in the absence of an emulsion stabilizing polymer and in the absence of a stabilizing agent; and
before, during or after said combining removing dissolved gases from the mixture, the oil, or the aqueous liquid;
thus forming an oil emulsion, which does not comprise either a surfactant, an emulsion stabilizing polymer or a stabilizing agent;
wherein the removing dissolved gases comprises removing at least 99 per cent of the dissolved gas present in the mixture, the oil or the aqueous liquid; and
wherein removing dissolved gases comprises:
freezing the oil and the aqueous liquid; and
creating a vacuum.
10. The process as in
11. The process as in
12. The process of
13. The process of
14. The process as in any of
15. The process as in any of
16. The process of
17. The process of 9 wherein said emulsion comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical treating agent, a paint, a dye, a combustion fuel, a fuel additive, a food additive, a food product, a perfume, a cosmetic product, a hygiene product, a dermatological product, an insect repellent, a mineral, and a combination thereof.
18. The process of
19. The process of
20. The process of
A part of the research related to this invention was done at the University of California Santa Barbara's ("UCSB") Materials Research Laboratory ("MRL"), which is partly funded by a National Science Foundation ("NSF") Grant that funds the operations of UCSB's MRL. The U.S. Government may have certain rights in the invention.
The Applicant is the author of the following article directed to the subject matter of the present invention: R. M. Pashley, J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 1714-1720, "EFFECT OF DEGASSING ON THE FORMATION AND STABILITY OF SURFACTANT-FREE EMULSIONS AND FINE TEFLON DISPERSIONS."
The present invention relates to the formation of emulsions and dispersions, and in particular, to the process of formation of stable oil emulsions and particulate dispersions of hydrophobic materials in aqueous substances.
Everyday "common knowledge" tells us that oil and water do not mix. This fact is assumed to be related to the different properties of the two materials. Oil being nonpolar is "hydrophobic" and therefore water-hating. This view is certainly valid for molecular mixtures of oil and water. Simply put, the work required to force apart hydrogen-bonded water molecules to incorporate hydrocarbon solute molecules is too large and this work is not compensated by a strong solute-water bonding, which is the case for soluble solutes such as common salt, sugar and ethanol. Each of the latter solutes can form strong bonds with adjacent water molecules, which replace those between the water molecules themselves.
Another type of mixture, not molecular in nature, can be formed by the dispersion of microscopic droplets or particles, often in water, to form a colloidal solution or dispersion. However, hydrocarbon oils and finely divided hydrophobic particles will not readily disperse in water and will only remain stable for a short length of time, typically, for less than an hour, even after vigorous mechanical agitation. Thus, most industrial processes involving these mixtures require continuous agitation and fairly rapid reaction times. The efficiency of these processes is also reduced by the difficulty in maintaining small particle sizes and a high reaction surface area, because of the tendency to coalescence and coagulation. The stability of emulsions and dispersions can be much improved by the addition of surfactants and polymers, which can change the nature of the oil/water interface. However, these observations are, at first sight, not consistent with a simple application of the well-established DLVO theory of colloid stability (J. N. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, Academic Press (1992)). This is because oil droplets and fine, hydrophobic particles, even without additives, are known to develop significant surface electrostatic potentials in water and, in addition, generally have weak van der Waals attractive forces. These conditions usually indicate that the colloidal dispersion will be stable.
It is, therefore, of some interest to consider in more detail why hydrophobic colloids, such as fine oil droplets, fail to maintain colloidal stability in water. The molecular force or bonding argument is not valid in this case (although it is directly related to the ultimate thermodynamic stability of the colloidal solution) because colloidal dispersions can be maintained in a meta-stable state by the operation of strong repulsion forces generated between the particles or droplets. The DLVO theory is based on the assumption that it is the charge on a colloidal particle (or droplet) surface which generates a repulsive electrostatic (double-layer) force between particles, which can be of sufficient strength to overcome the ubiquitous van der Waals attractive force. These combined forces can be estimated from the theory using the measured electrostatic potential on the surface of, for example, typical hydrocarbon oil droplets and their van der Waals attraction. The surface potential of dodecane droplets (as well as some other oils) was carefully measured in 1996, (Marinova, K. G. et al., Langmuir 12(8):2045-2051 (1996)), and these values can be used to calculate the expected interaction energy between two oil droplets in water. In order to consider the static forces involved, reference is made to
The DLVO equation used here to calculate this interaction is given below:
where Vs is the interaction energy between spheres in kT units, "a" is the spherical radius, ψ0 is the particle's electrostatic potential, κ−1 is the Debye length, A121 is the Hamaker constant for the system, and H is the interparticle separation distance. ε0D is the permittivity of water. In the dodecane/water system, the calculated barrier is almost 800 kT (see
Because the interparticle potential energy barrier is proportional to the droplet radius, smaller hydrocarbon oil droplets will readily coalesce, as observed for the fine droplets (less than 50 nm radius) produced by the sonication of oil and water mixtures (Sakai, T. et al., Langmuir, 17(2):255-259 (2001)). Larger droplets will feel a substantial buoyancy force and will readily combine with the upper phase of dodecane liquid, because it has a lower density than water. Droplets of intermediate (micron) sizes should be stable for longer periods, if only DLVO forces operate. Similar stability arguments can be applied to fine Teflon particles, which are known to be charged (Kratohvil, S. et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 57(1):104-114 (1976)) and have an even weaker van der Waals attraction in water (with a Hamaker constant of 0.3×10−20 J) (J. N. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, Academic Press (1992)). The failure of the DLVO theory to predict the behavior of oil in water emulsions raises the issue of whether there might be additional forces involved. About 20 years ago, a new long-range attractive force, called the "hydrophobic interaction" (Israelachvili, J. N. et al., Nature, 300:341-342 (1982)), was discovered which acted over relatively large distances (>10 nm) between hydrophobic surfaces in water. Subsequent workers have extended the range to over 100 nm in some systems.
In later work, it was also suggested that dissolved gases may play a significant role in this interaction (Craig, V. S. J. et al, J. Phys. Chem., 97:10192-10197 (1993); Karaman, M. E. et al., J Phys. Chem. 100:15503-15507 (1996)), which has yet to be properly described by any theoretical model. At normal temperature and pressure, dissolved air in water has a concentration of around 1 mM, corresponding to about 20 mL of dissolved gas in a liter of water. In typical alkanes, gas solubility can be an order of magnitude higher. The role of dissolved gas in the properties of solutions has hardly been considered theoretically and, experimentally, only sporadically and often ignored.
In 1993, it was demonstrated that partial degassing, using a water jet pump aspirator to produce about 97% degassing for mixtures of dodecane/water, increased the stability of oil droplets on vigorous shaking (Craig, V. S. J. et al, J. Phys. Chem., 97:10192-10197 (1993)). These initial observations stimulated an AFM study which attempted to address the issue of dissolved gas in the interaction of hydrophobic polypropylene surfaces (Meagher, L. et al., Langmuir 10(8):2736-2742 (1994)). The polypropylene surfaces used in that study, although very hydrophobic as measured by the water contact angle, generated only a relatively short-ranged attraction measurable up to about 25 nm separations. The effect of degassing was only minor in this case. However, Horn et al. (Considine, R. F., et al., Langmuir 15(5):1657-1659 (1999)) reported a significant decrease in the long-range attraction (20-400 nm) between two polystyrene latexes as the level of dissolved gas in solution was reduced. In further work on emulsion stability, using a water jet pump to degas to the 97% level, it was also demonstrated that dissolved gas plays a significant role in emulsion stability and emulsion polymerization (Karaman, M. E. et al., J. Phys. Chem. 100:15503-15507 (1996)) and this led to the suggestion that dissolved gas may play a significant role in the balance of hydrophobic and hydrodynamic (drainage) forces responsible for the phase separation. By comparison, Zana et al. examined the effects of degassing on surfactant aggregation (Alargova, R. G. et al., Langmuir 14(7):1575-1579 (1998)) and microemulsions (Sierra, M. L. et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 212 (1):162-166 (1999)) and reported no effect in either case. However, this is hardly surprising because the amount of dissolved gas present in the aqueous phase, at the mM level, could not possibly be sufficient to influence these high surface area systems. Recently, a study of the coagulation rates of solid paraffin wax mixed with carboxylic acid stabilizer has shown that partial degassing (to about 97% using a water aspirator) has a significant effect on reducing the initial coagulation rates (Alfridsson, M. et al., Langmuir 16(26):10087-10091 (2000)). More recently, Ishida et al. (Ishida, N. et al., Langmuir 16(13):5681-5687 (2000)) have reported the complete absence of a long-range attraction (beyond 10 nm) from force measurements on systems that have never been exposed to dissolved gases.
Unfortunately, the literature produced over the last 20 years contains many reports of force measurements between hydrophobic surfaces with widely differing results, often depending on the preparation of the surfaces and the method used. There is therefore a need to better understand the electrostatic potential on an oil droplet or a hydrophobic particle and whether this potential is sufficient to stabilize fine droplets and to thus enable the formation of stable colloidal suspensions.
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods for the formation of colloidal suspensions. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the production of a colloidal suspension. The process includes combining an aqueous substance with a second substance that is normally immiscible with the aqueous substance, to form a mixture, and before, during or after the combining removing dissolved gases from one or both of the aqueous and second substance, whereby the aqueous and second substances mix and form a colloidal suspension. The methods for the formation of colloidal suspensions include methods for the formation of emulsions as well as particulate dispersions. The methods used to form the colloidal suspensions in accordance with the present invention produce colloidal suspensions that are stable for periods from an hour to several weeks.
In one embodiment, the colloidal suspensions are formed with or without mechanical action.
In another aspect, the colloidal suspension is formed in the absence of a surfactant, a polymer or a stabilizing agent.
In another embodiment, the removal of dissolved gases includes removing between 90 to 99.99% of the dissolved gases that are present in the mixture, or the components of the colloidal suspension.
In yet another embodiment, the removal of dissolved gases included the freezing of the mixture, degassing the frozen mixture and then thawing out the frozen mixture.
In one embodiment, the colloidal suspension can be a pharmaceutical treatment, a paint, a dye, a combustion fuel, a fuel additive, a food additive, a food product, a perfume, a cosmetic product, a hygiene product, a dermatological product, an insect repellent, a mineral, an emulsion polymerization, a material produced by a process using a degassed dispersion technique or combinations thereof.
For a further understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention, reference should be made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
I. Definitions
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. As used herein, the following terms have the meanings ascribed to them unless specified otherwise.
An emulsion is a mixture of two normally unmixable liquids (e.g., oil and water) in which one is colloidally suspended in the other (e.g., one exists as tiny particles within the other). An emulsion is a colloidal suspension of a liquid in a liquid. An emulsion is also known as a colloid formed from tiny liquid droplets suspended in another immiscible liquid. Milk is an example of an emulsion. Emulsions may be of two types: oil-in-water, where water is the continuous phase and water-in-oil, where water is the discontinuous phase.
A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture composed of tiny particles suspended in another material. The particles are larger than molecules but have a size on the order of between one nanometer and a few micrometers. A colloid is also defined as microscopic particles suspended in some sort of liquid medium. The particles are between one nanometer and a few micrometers in size and can be macromolecules. The particles can be solid, tiny droplets of liquid, or tiny bubbles of gas; the suspending medium can be a solid, liquid, or gas (although gas-gas colloids are generally not possible).
A colloidal dispersion is a mixture containing particles larger than those found in a solution but small enough to remain suspended for a very long time. A dispersion is usually called a colloidal solution.
An emulsifying agent is a substance that coats the particles of a dispersed phase and prevents coagulation of colloidal particles. An emulsifying agent is also known as an emulsifier.
DLVO Interaction is the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interaction between colloidal particles in confined domains, and which is of interest in a variety of applications involving colloidal and complex fluids, for instance, in capillary electrophoresis, chromatographic separations, particle deposition, transport of colloids through porous media, and membrane separations. The interaction between two colloidal particles in the framework of the DLVO theory may be expressed as a sum of Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW) and electrostatic double layer (EDL) interactions. Of these two interactions, the electrostatic double layer component is susceptible to immense variations with several operating and physico-chemical conditions like ionic strength of the suspending medium, the charging behavior of the interfaces, the dielectric property of the solvent, and geometry of the particles and the confining domain.
II. Methods of Forming Colloidal Suspensions
The embodiments of the present invention are directed towards a process for the production of oil emulsions and particulate dispersions, such as of hydrophobic materials in water. It is known that finely divided hydrocarbon oil droplets and fine, hydrophobic particles will not disperse in water without the addition of surfactants and polymers. These agents adsorb onto the surfaces of the finely divided materials and change their surface properties to prevent coalescence and coagulation. Without the addition of these stabilizing agents, oils coalesce and phase separate, and particles coagulate and precipitate from solution. The present disclosure provides a process which can significantly enhance both the formation and the long term stability of emulsions and dispersions—without the use of these additives. This process offers a reduction in production costs and has the potential to produce products, for example, pharmaceutical treatments, without the additional, significant drawbacks associated with side-effects caused by the use of stabilizing agents. Many industrial processes depend on the formation of stable emulsions (e.g., in food processing and in emulsion polymerization for the production of latex paints) and dispersions (e.g., in mineral separation and processing) and so the embodiments of the present invention enable processing without the current requirements for a variety of costly surfactant and polymer additives.
The process in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is based on earlier research by the Applicant which indicated that the presence of dissolved gases enhances the attractive forces between hydrophobic surfaces in water. These forces generally prevent the formation of emulsions and hydrophobic dispersions. The inventor of the present disclosure has discovered that oil/water mixtures and fine (hydrophobic) powder/water mixtures readily form emulsions and dispersions, stable for periods of at least weeks, following a process of almost complete removal of their naturally dissolved gas (nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide). The removal of dissolved gases can be achieved by a process of repeated freezing, pumping to vacuum levels and melting.
The process in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to any hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon water-insoluble oil and water mixture and to any finely divided (typically, less than a micron diameter) solid hydrophobic powder, such as carbon black and Teflon powder, and water. The emulsions and dispersions formed by this process can be stored, indefinitely, under vacuum or can be used for some time, within hours to days, after exposure to air, depending on the type of mixture and its level of air sensitivity.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure to the embodiments exemplified therein. All ranges for all parameters disclosed are inclusive of the range limits.
Preparation of Oil-in-Water Suspensions and Particulate Dispersions
The water used was produced from tap water purified via a Millipore unit. The permeate so obtained was used in a positive pressure, dust-free laminar flow cabinet. Glassware was thoroughly cleaned by first rinsing AR grade ethanol to remove any surface active material. It was then finally rinsed in Millipore water.
Dodecane (density, ρ, of 0.75 g/mL and refractive index, nD, of 1.4216) and squalane, tetracosane, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-squalane, C30H62 (ρ of 0.81 g/mL and nD of 1.4530) were chosen as the two hydrocarbon oils for the examples and were both obtained puriss from Fluka and were used as purchased. All mixtures were made up in a laminar flow cabinet. The surfactant-free Teflon powder was obtained as a sample from DuPont. The size range was on average around 4 microns, with a small proportion (about 10%) above 8 microns and below 0.3 microns. Teflon has a refractive index of 1.359 (J. N. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, Academic Press (1992)) and a void-free polymer density of 2.2-2.3 g/mL. The nitrogen adsorption area for the Teflon powder was in the range 7-10 m2/g, which is an order of magnitude higher than the calculated value for smooth Teflon spheres. It is most likely, therefore, that the Teflon powder sample used here was porous.
The removal of dissolved gas from an oil and water mixture can be achieved by repeated freezing (in liquid nitrogen) and pumping using an efficient, clean mechanical pump connected to the mixture via a liquid nitrogen trap, to maintain cleanliness. In the examples disclosed herein, the liquid mixture was immersed slowly into the liquid nitrogen, to prevent ice expansion from cracking the glass tube. Once the space above the frozen liquid was outgassed, to typically better than a mTorr, a Teflon tap was closed and the liquid warmed to room temperature, so that remaining dissolved gases were pulled into the space above the liquid. For each sample, this process was repeated four times to ensure almost complete removal of the dissolved gas. When connected to a separate vacuum line, of substantially larger volume, the mechanical pump readily achieved pressures down to 20-40 μTorr. Evacuation of the mixtures to lower than a mTorr corresponds to greater than 99.999% removal of dissolved gas. As shown in
To directly compare the effect of degassing, nitrogen gas was bubbled through the control or gassed samples to remove dissolved carbon dioxide and increase the pH value of the aqueous phase to 7, in agreement with that of the degassed samples. Otherwise, differences in pH values between the gassed and degassed samples might affect the surface charge on the oil droplets.
For the oil in water experiments, the glass tubes contained 2 mL of oil and 33 mL of water. For the Teflon study about 0.1 g of powder was placed in the bottom of the glass tube via a fine Teflon tube and about 35 mL of water added.
In some of the examples using dodecane and water mixtures, the outgassed tubes were sealed using a Teflon screw tap. However, it was discovered that these taps did not fully hold the vacuum (see Results section below), and hence, all other examples were carried out via melt-sealing of the glass tube, using a propane/air flame, while the mixture was held frozen in liquid nitrogen and connected to the active pumping system.
The diameter of the outgassing tubes was selected to fit tightly inside the measuring cavity of a Micro 100 Turbidimeter (Nephelometer, from HF Scientific, Inc, USA). The device measured turbidity via detection of the amount of scattered light at right angles to an incident beam of white light. The turbidity of the aqueous phase of each sample was measured in Nephelometer Turbidity Units (NTU), where distilled water has a value of 0.02 and reservoir water typically 1-5.
For some of the examples, the degassing tubes were shaken vigorously by hand for about 10 s, to mechanically disperse the emulsion or dispersion. However, some samples spontaneously dispersed during degassing, without the need for additional shaking.
Results: Oil-in-Water Examples
It is noted that even after only two cycles of freezing and pumping with a mixture of 33 mL water and 2 mL dodecane, the water phase became noticeably cloudy, without any mechanical shaking other than the mixing caused by gentle bubbling as the frozen (pumped) sample was allowed to warm to room temperature. After five cycles, the glass tube was sealed tightly using the Teflon screw tap. Without any external shaking, the water phase, on final melting of the outgassed solid, had an NTU value of over 50 and was completely opaque. The change in turbidity with time after this sample was vigorously shaken for about 10 s is shown in
Concerns about the ability of the Teflon screw taps to maintain a vacuum for long periods of time, led to repeat experiments with dodecane/water mixtures, in which the outgassed sample was melt-sealed under vacuum. This protocol was then followed in all of the subsequent experiments reported here. An example of the spontaneous turbidity of the aqueous phase of dodecane/water mixture, following five freezing/degassing cycles and after melt-sealing is shown in
It is interesting to note that vigorous shaking appears to produce more turbid emulsions, initially, for the degassed samples compared with those degassed but not shaken. However, the latter were found to be much more stable with time, as shown in
To test the generality of the above-described results, a significantly different hydrocarbon oil, squalane, was chosen for further study. Squalane is even less soluble in water than dodecane and is significantly more viscous. It is a clear liquid less dense than water. The results obtained with this hydrocarbon, shown in
In a repeat experiment, the degassed, melt-sealed and shaken mixture was opened in air about 2400 s after shaking. The sealed glass tube was cracked open in air, as carefully as possible, and immediately nitrogen gas was flushed into the air space above the mixture and the tube was then re-sealed with a rubber bung. The results obtained before and after exposure to gas are shown in
Results—Particulate Dispersions
The same type of degassing experiments were also carried out with hydrophobic Teflon powder. These experiments were more difficult than those with the oil and water mixtures. Even when Teflon powder was physically placed in the base of the dry degassing tube, addition of water immediately floated the powder to the air surface and the material "climbed" the glass walls, as shown in
Based on the results disclosed above, it appears that removal of dissolved gases enhances the ability of oil droplets to break away from the oil phase, even with modest mechanical disturbance, as illustrated in
The clear differences in formation of the emulsions in gassed and degassed conditions is due to differences in their ease of formation. Thus, removal of dissolved gases apparently aids detachment of, presumably, weakly charged oil droplets, which would otherwise readily coalesce. However, once these droplets are formed, their charge increases and a significant barrier is formed against coalescence. Reintroduction of dissolved gases at this, later, stage then has little or no effect. The diffusion of hydroxyl ions to the rapidly formed, new droplet surface will be relatively slow, because of the low background concentration, of typically 10−7-10−8 M.
It is interesting to observe that the use of charged surfactants to stabilize emulsions, via adsorption at the oil/water interface, might well be effective more because of the consequent reduction in hydrophobicity of the interface, via rapid surface diffusion, rather than to any enhancement of the surface charge. Nonionic surfactants may also stabilize emulsions by reducing the hydrophobic attraction between droplets. Of course, both types of surfactant will also substantially reduce the interfacial energy and change the thermodynamic stability of the emulsion.
The initial results set forth above for the effect of degassing on Teflon dispersions are difficult to interpret because of the strong hydrophobicity of Teflon and its effect on the buoyancy of the particles. The observation that the larger Teflon aggregates were easy to see dispersed in water for both the gassed and the degassed samples suggests that in both cases the particles contained significant air or vapor cavities. The refractive index of the polymer (1.359) is close to that of water (1.33), and yet the aggregates, when immersed in water, were clearly white. Also, the particles, after dispersion, mostly rose upward, even though the polymer density is between 2.2 and 2.3 g/mL. The Teflon particles are most likely quite porous, and it is reasonable to expect that the high water contact angle, of 110°, would produce air or vapor cavitation around clumps of particles and within the porous particles themselves, as illustrated in
The discovery by the Applicant that removal of dissolved gases strongly enhances the formation of surfactant-free emulsions and hydrophobic dispersions is applicable to any hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon water-insoluble oil and water mixture and to any finely divided solid hydrophobic powder, such as talc or carbon black. These surfactant and polymer free emulsions and dispersions can be stored, indefinitely, under vacuum or can be used for some time, within hours to days, after exposure to air. Using this process, it is possible to form oil in water emulsions without the use of additives, which will enable further study of the properties of the natural oil/water interface. Therefore, there are numerous industrial applications for the processes in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, for the formation of emulsions without the use of surfactants and polymer stabilizers. These industrial applications include the formations of colloidal suspensions for a pharmaceutical treatment, a paint, a dye, a combustion fuel, a fuel additive, a food additive, a food product, a perfume, a cosmetic product, a hygiene product, a dermatological product, an insect repellent, a mineral, an emulsion polymerization, a material produced by a process using a degassed dispersion technique and combinations thereof.
The embodiments of the present invention described above in conjunction with the examples disclosed herein demonstrate that degassing enhances the formation of oil in water emulsions and the dispersion of fine hydrophobic particles in an aqueous substance, without the use of stabilizers, such as surfactants and polymers. While not being limited to any particular theory, it is believed that once dispersed, hydrocarbon emulsion droplets apparently become charged and are not then destabilized by exposure to dissolved gases. This suggest that the reduction in the hydrophobic attraction between oil droplets in degassed water enhances droplet release and emulsion formation. Emulsions formed in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention are also usable for the study of the oil/water interface, without the presence of surface active additives. In addition, there are many useful industrial applications of the degassing process in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, whereby stable mixtures and dispersions of hydrophobic materials are formed without the use of additives.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. For example, the degassing may be performed before, during or after combining the aqueous and second substance. These other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
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I have a Sram X-0 rear deraileur, Sram X-gen front deraileur, and Sram X.0 twist shifters.
The twist shifters are ok but I would like to try Paul Thumbies coupled with Dura-Ace 9-Speed barcons but I have a feeling that the index shifting won't work with my X.0 rear deraileur. Is that right?
If that doesn't work, is the X.0 deraileur limited to Sram twist shifters and Sram trigger shifters or are there any other alternatives?
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Egypt and Tunisia's leaders meet post-revolt
CAIRO The presidents of Egypt and Tunisia pledged Friday to open a new chapter in relations following uprisings that overthrew longtime rulers, replacing them with a Muslim Brotherhood figure and an activist who was exiled.
After meeting with Egypt's new Islamist President Mohammed Morsi in Cairo, Tunisian President Moncef Marzouki told reporters in a joint press conference that the two nations will rebuild ties based on "shared experiences" after what he described as decades of tense relations.
"I will not say we are starting from scratch, but one thing for sure is that we are moving ahead with relations that for years and years were stagnant and routine without friendliness or warmth," Marzouki said.
"A new era of relations has begun between the two nations," echoed Morsi.
Marzouki was exiled for his political activism and Morsi was jailed for his activities with the Brotherhood under the two nations' old regimes. When Tunisians overthrew Zine El Abidine Ben Ali last year, it helped inspire Egypt's revolt against longtime ruler Hosni Mubarak. Both countries saw Islamists rise to power in free elections after.
Success of the uprisings in the two North African nations inspired similar pro-democracy revolts in Libya, Yemen, Syria and other countries.
Marzouki said the two leaders specifically discussed the Syrian uprising and their support for the Syrian people, but that both oppose foreign military intervention as a means to ending the bloodshed that activists say has claimed more than 17,000 lives.
Morsi's meeting with the Tunisian president comes a day after he returned to Egypt from Saudi Arabia on his first visit abroad since assuming the presidency last month.
Upon his arrival Wednesday to Saudi Arabia for the two-day visit, Morsi was greeted at the airport by Crown Prince Salman bin Abdul-Aziz, who is also defense minister and prime minister.
He then met King Abdullah, security officials and the governor of Medina while performing a small Islamic pilgrimage with his wife, according to official news reports from both Saudi Arabia and Egypt.
Morsi's predecessor Mubarak had forged close ties with the Saudis during his 29-year rule, and media reports have described them as unhappy with the arrest and trial of a friend and ally and that they'd offered him asylum. Saudi officials have consistently denied these reports.
"I spoke with the leader of Saudi Arabia about stability, brotherly relations and lasting communication and love," Morsi said in remarks carried by the official Saudi Press Agency after meeting the king. He said he found in the king "authority, wisdom, knowledge and love for the people of Egypt."
SPA reported that in his meetings with King Abdullah, Morsi stressed the importance of the Gulf region's stability, saying it is tied to Egypt's own. Many observers saw the comment as a veiled reference to the tension between the oil-rich states and Iran.
Both leaders also said they talked about their shared "moderate Sunni" Muslim views. When asked Friday in the Cairo press conference if the comment was directed at Shiite-led Iran, Morsi said: "I did not mean at all for that to be a veiled message to anyone."


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Magazine Sculptures by David MachJuxtapoz // Saturday, September 01, 2012
We know Scottish-based artist David Mach for his coat hanger work and matchstick sculptures (we posted them on the site before), but now we know what he does with his old magazines: he makes gallery sized sculptures with them. We just hope there is a Juxtapoz or 10 in there somewhere.
Beautiful Works by Lee Jin JuErotica // Saturday, September 01, 2012
Lee Jin Ju creates beautiful works of art filled with both playful and melancholic partially nude ladies. Ju's compositions are amazing and if you weren't already sold on seeing images of naked figures, Ju's artistic talents should be just enough to get you to take a peak at this great series of work.
Ewok in HollandGraffiti // Saturday, September 01, 2012
Ewok who has always created top-notch pieces just dropped this burner on the people of Holland.
Ink Work by George BardadimTattoo // Saturday, September 01, 2012
George Bardadim has over 20 years of tattooing under his belt and this experience can be seen in the detail and skill of his designs. George lives and works in Russia but has traveled far and wide to tatt up people around the globe.
Opening: Daniel Gibson & Mike Bertino @ THIS, Los AngelesJuxtapoz // Friday, August 31, 2012
THIS Los Angeles is pleased to present an exhibition of new work by San Francisco based artists Daniel Gibson and Mike Bertino. The show will run from Aug. 31st through Sept. 21st 2012, with an opening reception on Friday, Aug. 31st from 7:00 to 10:00pm. As the artists put it, "Gold Coast is a conversation between the two of us about our experiences growing up, and living on the West Coast as adults, and specifically in California."
AEC of Interesni Kazki @ Fame Festival 2012Street Art // Friday, August 31, 2012
Another piece from the Interesni Kazki team that transports you to another time and space. AEC from the Ukrainian duo was in Grottaglie, Italy to paint this wall/building for Fame Festival 2012, but from the sound of it, this was a stressful piece. Punctured tires of the lift, stuck in the mud, and then, it didn't work. Lifts are stressful. Watch the video after the jump . . .
The Works of Alison BlickleJuxtapoz // Friday, August 31, 2012
Alison Blickle says her work is about "attaining unattainable experiences and connection." She paints sensual women by combining classical painting techniques with elements from landscapes. Alison currently lives and works in Los Angeles. She has recently shown at The Hole in NYC, as well as Richard Heller in Los Angeles, Deitch Projects, and with Eleanor Harwood of San Francisco.
Video: Steve Powers in Preparation for show at Joshua Liner GalleryStreet Art // Friday, August 31, 2012
"I like words, I'm a word guy" says Steven Powers in this new video produced by Fader to promote his upcoming show next week at Joshua Liner Gallery. Watch as Powers explains the importance of comedy, his process beginning with sketches on the subway, and his hunger for showing in New York.
The Work of Jaime Brett TreadwellJuxtapoz // Friday, August 31, 2012
I am intrigued by my social surroundings ranging from small neighborhood cultural identities to grander differences among rural, urban, and suburban life. I find pleasure merging conflicting imagery, design, and color. I often use vivid cheerful colors to masquerade or obscure the realities within my paintings.
Enigmatic Nudes by Arnold FrolicsErotica // Friday, August 31, 2012
There isn't much information out there on photographer Arnold Frolics, and his evocative nudes impart a similar air of mystery. Solitary figures bare all on deserted playground structures and other backdrops in shots that are eerily spotlit à la David Lynch, while angles are often skewed to make for some gravity-defying compositions. Equal parts surreal and sensual.


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Michael Wacha throws off mound for first time since June
Aug 17, 2014, 11:45 AM EDT
There are still quite a few hurdles to leap over, but Cardinals right-hander Michael Wacha looks to be progressing toward a mid-to-late September return.
According to Rick Hummel of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Wacha threw a 30-pitch bullpen session on Saturday afternoon at Busch Stadium, mixing in four or five changeups to a mostly fastball-focused workout. It was Wacha's first time throwing off a mound since he was shut down in late June because of a stress reaction in his right shoulder.
"It felt good to get back out there on the mound," the 23-year-old told reporters. "Arm felt great. It was 30 pitches. Pretty light throws but I'm happy with it."
Wacha, a first-round pick in 2012, owns an outstanding 2.79 ERA, 1.11 WHIP, and 8.6 K/9 in 155 innings since making his major league debut in mid-2013. He won MVP honors in last year's NLCS at the age of 22.
- SocraticGadfly - Aug 17, 2014 at 12:24 PM
As with Yadi, a lot of this depends on standings a month from now.
- perryt200 - Aug 17, 2014 at 12:36 PM
Yes, but when they are in the hunt; don't expect to keep Yadi off the field
- SocraticGadfly - Aug 17, 2014 at 1:10 PM
As I said, it depends on the standings, and per MontrealKnowledge below, there's no guarantee of your hopes.
If the Cards have no shot at the division title by mid-September, they may activte Wacha, but not have him pitch more than a few innings until they know they're one of the two WCs and go from there.
- montrealknowledge - Aug 17, 2014 at 12:36 PM
All of it is going to come too late and the Cardinals are going to ruin my October because Matheny has problems managing a bullpen.
- okwhitefalcon - Aug 17, 2014 at 1:10 PM
Speaking of bullpen…
Siegrest has been sent down to Memphis and Carlos Martinez has been recalled.
Martinez to the pen for now although I wouldn't be surprised if he's one more horrific Shelby Miller outing away from being back in the rotation.
I suspect Mo's looking into a dumpster dive for bullpen reinforcements and bench help if the opportunity presents itself.
Well, I hope he is….
- SocraticGadfly - Aug 17, 2014 at 1:11 PM
Sounds about right. That said, with all the other "tick-tack" bullpen moves other teams have made, how much is left right now?
- gibbyfan - Aug 17, 2014 at 7:25 PM
anyone have any idea what happened to Siegrest this season. Against all odds it seems like lynn has been the only pleasant surprise as far as highly vaunted pitchers from last year.
- SocraticGadfly - Aug 17, 2014 at 10:41 PM
Lynn's going to be an interesting out-years arbitration issue.
He's not spectacular, but he's generally steady (he's wearing down less in the late season so far this year) and doesn't get injured.
- okwhitefalcon - Aug 17, 2014 at 2:16 PM
No idea what's out there for either bench and/or bullpen help really.
Nothing would surprise me at this point, the player underperformance and subsequent roster management has made this a very difficult team/organization to gauge thus far.
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|Marshal named interim manager
|Written by Mark Lineberger
|Wednesday, 14 April 2010 14:53
It's the second time in three years that Smith has had to take on the job. The first was in 2007 after former Town Manager Bill Lee left the position. This time, Smith is filling in for former Town Manager Michael Scannell, who resigned to take the manager's job in Chino Valley.
The council decided to look in-house for an interim manager after finding out how much it would cost to use the League of Arizona Cities and Towns to help fill the temporary position, and because the league wouldn't be able to find a suitable candidate until after the coming critical budgeting process for the next fiscal year.
Smith originally wasn't planning to take the job, but decided to throw his hat in the ring after the town decided to look internally.
The council voted 5-2 to appoint Smith, with Councilman Pete Roulette and Councilwoman Carol German voting against.
Matt Morris, the town's special projects administrator, was also interested in the job, but in the end, a majority of the council was more comfortable appointing Smith, who has done the job before.
Morris also served as the town's housing director until the town eliminated the housing department in a cost-saving measure.
"I have a vested interest in Camp Verde," Morris said. "I want to help [the council] achieve its goals."
German said she thought Morris deserved "a chance to show us he can do the job."
There was some concern that Smith might have to be out of commission next month for medical reasons, but Smith assured the council he wouldn't be going anywhere and that he would just physically be "taking it easy" for three or four weeks.
Councilwoman Norma Garrison said it was Smith's experience that led her to vote for him.
The council also approved changes to town code that would automatically make the town marshal the acting town manager when the manager is gone, followed by the town clerk.
German said she was opposed to having the town clerk in line for the position at this time, because Town Clerk Debbie Barber is related to Councilwoman Jackie Baker.
Her vote was no reflection on Barber, German said, but she felt the town should avoid any negative appearances should such a situation ever arise where Barber had to take over as manager.
The Town Council is still relying on the league to find a suitable candidate to take the job on a permanent basis.


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Rental rehabilitation deferred loans to continue in Crow Wing County
Crow Wing County Board members agreed to continue administering a loan program aimed at helping improve rental properties.
Central Minnesota Housing Partnerhip (CMHP) Tuesday sought county approval for its rental rehabilitation deferred loan program. The program comes at no cost to the county.
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'Panic! At The Disco' to Headline WoodStockton Spring Concert at Stockton University April 17
Student Opener is Stockton Battle of the Bands Winner 'My Life on Film'
March 27, 2015
Learn How to Keep Your Brain Healthy at Free Public Session April 14 at Stockton
Preregister by April 7 for Sessions on Ways to Improve Daily Life
March 26, 2015
Stockton University's Manahawkin Site Offers 'Lunch and Learn' on Hip Pain
Free Session with Dr. Fabio Orozco of Rothman Institute on April 15
March 26, 2015
Assemblywoman DiAnne Gove to Visit Stockton as Legislator-in-Residence at Hughes Center
April 7-8 Meetings with Students, Faculty Include Civics, Polling, Coastal Issues
March 25, 2015
Stockton's Manahawkin Site to Host April 9 Lunch & Learn about History of Gypsies
March 25, 2015
The Tale of 'The Jungle Book' Takes Stage at Stockton's PAC on April 25
March 23, 2015
Insider's Account of the Making of the Affordable Care Act at Hughes Center for Public Policy
Ventnor Native Ruth Katz of The Aspen Institute to Speak on April 6
March 23, 2015
Stockton Alumna Returns to Bring a Childhood Classic to Life on the Stage from April 9-12
March 21, 2015
Ten South Jersey High Schools Compete in Mathematical Mayhem at Stockton University
Winners From Southern Regional, Oakcrest, Ocean City and ACIT
March 20, 2015
Visual Arts Students' to Exhibit Work April 12-28 at Stockton Art Gallery
Public Invited to Meet the Artists at Reception on April 12
March 19, 2015
Stories of the Titanic and a Local Atlantic City Shipwreck Shared at Stockton University
March 19, 2015
Stockton University Begins Active Management of Campus Woods to Sustain Healthy Pinelands Forest
Management to Increase Biodiversity, Preserve Old Growth, Generate New Growth, Enhance Habitat for Wildlife, Provide Research Opportunities
March 18, 2015
Stockton Offers Screenwriting Workshop Classes at the Carnegie Center in Atlantic City
The 10-Week Workshop Begins on April 1
March 18, 2015
Stockton-Island Campus in Atlantic City to Offer 23 Courses This Summer
March 17, 2015
Aging Successfully Festival to be Held May 13 By Stockton Center on Successful Aging
Opportunity for businesses, organizations to connect with clients, consumers
March 17, 2015
Rachel Eliza Griffiths Featured at Open Mic Poetry Night at Stockton's Dante Hall March 25
March 17, 2015
Martha Graham II Dance Company to Perform at Stockton's PAC on April 17
Leaders in Contemporary Dance since 1926
March 16, 2015
Stockton University's 35th Annual Scholarship Benefit Gala Set for April 25 at Stockton Seaview
March 16, 2015
Analyze Actors' Interpretations of Shakespeare Plays at Stockton's PAC on April 16
Free Lecture Led by University of Pennsylvania's Dr. Cary M. Mazer
March 14, 2015
500 Attend 26th Annual Pinelands Short Course at Stockton University
Family-Friendly Presentations Help to Attract More Young People
March 13, 2015
Stockton University's Hughes Center Announces National Advisory Board
March 13, 2015
Stockton University Establishes Women's, Gender & Sexuality Center
Center will Provide Advocacy and Outreach to Students
March 13, 2015
Stockton's Day of Scholarship to Showcase Faculty, Staff and Student Research Projects
Presentations, Panel Discussions and Poster Session on March 24 & 25
March 12, 2015
Stockton Education Student Stephanie Hoffman of Manahawkin Receives $500 Scholarship
Delta Kappa Gamma, Women Educators Group, Makes Presentation
March 12, 2015
Stockton University to Host Region's Largest Science Fair on Saturday, March 21
More than 700 students to compete in Jersey Shore Science Fair
March 11, 2015
Statement from President Herman Saatkamp of Stockton University on Dr. Harvey Kesselman Becoming President of Univ. of Southern Maine
March 6, 2015
Mathematical Mayhem to Bring Local High School Students to Stockton for Competition
Stockton Math Faculty and Students Organize March 21 Math Challenge
March 6, 2015
Stockton Seeks Entries by High School Students from New Jersey for Film Festival by March 20
Prizes Include Cameras, Cash, Internship Opportunities
March 6, 2015
Stockton's Manahawkin Site to Host 'How to Prepare for Tax Season'
March 4, 2015
Stockton Team Wins 'Up to Us," National Competition to Engage Students on Federal Debt
Students to Meet with President Clinton, Chelsea Clinton in Fla. March 6-8
March 4, 2015
Stockton University's Manahawkin Instructional Site to Host Women's Health Fair on March 18
March 3, 2015
'On Kentucky Avenue - The Atlantic City Club Harlem Revue,' at Dante Hall March 27-29
March 2, 2015
Stockton University's Kramer Hall to Screen 'Evolution of a Criminal' on March 25
Explore the mind and self-reflection of a former bank robber
March 2, 2015
NOAA Maritime Archaeologist James Delgado, Atlantic City Teacher and Diver Steve Nagiewicz to Lead Talks on Deep Sea Shipwrecks March 19
Stockton Event Features Stories of RMS Titanic and Wreck off Atlantic City
February 27, 2015
Stockton's Kramer Hall to Host Book Reading, Discussion of the Lives of Casino Employees
Stockton Authors to Hold Free Public Event in Hammonton on April 14
February 26, 2015
Stockton to Screen 'Women in Space' At Manahawkin Instructional Site on March 26
February 26, 2015
Stockton's Manahawkin Instructional Site to Host Event Celebrating St. Patrick's Day
'The Times of Joy' March 16 Performance Recounts Effects of Irish Famine
February 24, 2015
Stockton Center on Successful Aging Presents Workshops on Continuing to Live Independently
Free Public Presentations in Atlantic County on March 12 and May 20
February 24, 2015
Stockton Students Discuss Eating Disorders with Students at New Egypt High School
Projects Kicks Off Eating Disorder Awareness Week
February 23, 2015
The Bay-Atlantic Symphony Performs Pieces By Chopin, Schumann and Steinberg at the Stockton Performing Arts Center March 22
February 23, 2015
Stockton Center on Successful Aging Presents Food for Thought: 'Health Care and Your Retirement' on March 10 in Linwood
Register now for free seminar, dinner at Brandywine Senior Living
February 20, 2015
Stockton's Kramer Hall to Host Free Public Meditation Session on March 2
February 20, 2015
Stockton Center on Successful Aging Offers 'Learn to Draw' Workshops Beginning March 4
Group to Meet on Wednesdays through April in Egg Harbor Township
February 19, 2015
Bacharach Institute for Rehabilitation's Pauline Hollander Scholarship Fund for Registered Nurses to Grant $50,000 in Scholarships for Stockton Students
February 19, 2015
'World Above' Free Poetry Night Set for Feb. 25 At Stockton's Dante Hall Theater in Atlantic City
February 18, 2015
Stockton University:
New Name Highlights Evolution and Growth Of New Jersey's Distinctive Public University
February 18, 2015
Stockton University Promotes Summer Courses at Island Campus with Flat-Rate Tuition Break
Visitors and Residents Can Take 3 Undergraduate Courses for Price of 2
February 13, 2015
Stockton Center on Successful Aging Offers Classes on Mindfulness, Meditation, and Being in the Now
Weekly Practice and Discussion Group in Mays Landing, NJ
February 12, 2015
Stockton's Manahawkin Site to Host 'How to Prepare for Tax Season'
February 11, 2015
Register Now for Stockton Summer Sessions
305 Courses to be Offered in Galloway, Hammonton and Manahawkin
February 10, 2015
Gaelic Storm to Thunder into Stockton's Performing Arts Center on March 8
February 6, 2015
Stockton College's Manahawkin Site Offers 'Lunch & Learn' on Hand Condition Treatment
Free Session with Dr. Kevin Lutsky of Rothman Institute on Feb. 25
February 6, 2015
Stockton Seeks Entries by High School Students from New Jersey for Film Festival, Workshops
Prizes Include Video Cameras, Cash, Internship Opportunities
February 6, 2015
William J. Hughes Center for Public Policy Honors Five Outstanding New Jerseyans
Gov. Thomas Kean Accepts Distinguished Lifetime Achievement Award
February 5, 2015
Stockton Dance Company Presents 'A Concert of Dance' in the Stockton PAC
Shows Feb. 26-28 at 7:30 p.m. and March 1 at 2 p.m.
February 5, 2015
Comedy Duo Known as 'Frangela' To Take Stage at Stockton PAC on March 5
February 4, 2015
Stockton's Kramer Hall to Host 'Newlywed Game' on Feb. 19 at Hammonton's Third Thursday
February 4, 2015
Stockton's Dante Hall, Atlantic City Theater Co. Holding Acting Auditions on Feb. 12 and Feb. 14
February 4, 2015
Stockton's Manahawkin Site Offers Free Seminar On Women's Heart Health on Feb. 18
Cardiologist Dr. Timothy Slaven of AtlantiCare to Give Presentation
February 3, 2015
Stockton Jazz Orchestra, Ed Vezinho/Jim Ward Big Band, to Perform Feb. 17 at Campus Center
February 3, 2015
Stockton Hosts Free Program on Women's Health at Woodbine Site on Feb. 10
Presenter is Bonnie Kratzer of Cape Regional Medical Center
February 3, 2015
Stockton Professors Author Book on Life in the Atlantic City Casino Industry
Dr. Ellen Mutari, Dr. Deborah Figart to Hold Book Signing Feb. 20
February 2, 2015
Stockton's Manahawkin Site Offers Free Seminar On Women's Heart Health on Feb. 18
Cardiologist Dr. Timothy Slaven of AtlantiCare to Give Presentation
February 2, 2015
Stockton Offers Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate Courses Online from Feb. 17- May 28
January 30, 2015
Stockton to Host Quarterfinals in International Competition of Collegiate a Cappella on Feb. 14
Stockapella Among 10 Competitors Including Rutgers, Ramapo, Monmouth
January 30, 2015
Stockton Offers Prospective Dance Students Auditions, Information and a Performance
Sign Up Now for Feb. 28 Event
January 29, 2015
Stockton Theatre Program to Premiere Modern Greek Masterpiece, 'The Courtyard of Miracles'
Performances in Experimental Theatre from Feb. 18-22
January 29, 2015
Stockton Class Seeks Retired Garment Workers for Interviews at Kramer Hall in Hammonton
Participants Will Receive Written Memoirs from Their Oral Histories
January 29, 2015
Stockton's Manahawkin Site Offers Free Seminar on Treating Knee Pain with Dr. Fabio Orozco
AtlantiCare Co-Sponsors 'Lunch & Learn' Event on Feb. 11
January 28, 2015
Stockton Aviation Research & Technology Park Elects 2015 Officers
January 26, 2015
Stockton to 'Go Red for Women' in February To Fight Heart Disease and Stroke
Public Invited to Series of Events Targeting Number 1 Killer of Women
January 23, 2015
Sam Azeez Museum, Cape May County to Offer Exhibit on Woodbine's Black, Jewish Communities
Historical Exhibit in Cape May Court House Celebrates Black History Month
January 21, 2015
Stockton to Offer Community Health Programs At Woodbine Instructional Site Beginning Jan. 26
January 20, 2015
Stockton Center on Successful Aging Offers Crochet Classes at Manahawkin Site
January 20, 2015
Stockton's Coastal Research Center Reports on How Beach Dunes Protected NJ Shore Communities Against Hurricane Sandy
Dunes with High Elevation and Substantial Width and Volume Were Most Successful at Absorbing Hurricane Sandy's Storm Surges
January 20, 2015
The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey Fall 2014 Dean's List
January 19, 2015
Stockton's Dr. Martin Luther King Day of Service Draws 1,000 from College and Communities
January 15, 2015
Stockton Celebrates Valentine's Day with 'An Afternoon of Romantic Arias' by The Manhattan Lyric Opera on Feb. 15
January 15, 2015
William J. Hughes Center for Public Policy To Honor 5 Outstanding New Jerseyans Feb. 6
Gov. Thomas Kean to Accept Distinguished Lifetime Achievement Award
January 14, 2015
Stockton Report Recommends Changes to Make Higher Education More Affordable, Effective
January 13, 2015
Pinelands Short Course to feature 35 educational presentations
26th annual event to be held on March 14, 2015
January 13, 2015
Stockton Performing Arts Center Presents 'One Man Star Wars Trilogy' on Feb. 13
January 12, 2015
Stockton College to Celebrate Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at 11th Annual Day of Service Jan. 19
Galloway, Atlantic City, Manahawkin, Hammonton, and Woodbine Sites to Participate in Community Service Projects
January 12, 2015
Stockton Center on Successful Aging Sponsors Internet Technology Workshops at Stockton Kramer Hall in Hammonton
Free Workshops – Limited Capacity – Register Now
January 9, 2015
Renowned Children's Book Illustrator At Stockton Art Gallery with Reception, Exhibit
January 9, 2015
Transcultural Journey through Art at Stockton Art Gallery from Jan. 20-March 28
January 8, 2015
Stockton's Kramer Hall to Host Comedy Night with Local Comedian Michelle Tomko on Jan. 15
January 8, 2015
Stockton's Kramer Hall Instructional Site Offers Spring 2015 Course Enrollment
January 8, 2015
Showing of 'The Imitation Game' to Benefit Sara & Sam Schoffer Holocaust Resource Center
Producer's Family Ties to Stockton Lead to Special Showing in Area
January 7, 2015
Stockton Students in Competition to Get Youth Involved on Fiscal Issues, National Debt
January 6, 2015
Stockton Performing Arts Center Celebrates Black History Month with L.A. Theatre Works' 'In the Heat of the Night'
January 5, 2015
Murphy Writing of Stockton College Offers Winter Poetry & Prose Writing Getaway
Pulitzer Prize Winner Stephen Dunn, Stockton Professor Emeritus, Among Faculty
January 5, 2015
The Bay-Atlantic Symphony Performs Vivaldi, Lauridsen and Gjeilo at Stockton PAC Jan. 25
January 5, 2015
Stockton's Manahawkin Instructional Site Offers Workshops on Electronic Devices, Stress Relief
Jan. 19 Events Are Part of College's Martin Luther King Day of Service
January 5, 2015
Stockton Center on Successful Aging Presents Creative Writing Workshops at Stockton Kramer Hall in Hammonton
Free Workshops for Older Adults – Register Now
January 2, 2015
Stockton to Offer Informational Session on Professional Development Courses on Jan. 13
January 2, 2015
Stockton's Kramer Hall to Host 'Jammonton,' An Evening of Live Acoustic Music, on Jan. 15


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Featured Stories
Win a BenQ XL2730Z FreeSync Monitor at Guru3D !
As you all know, AMD recently announced FreeSync - read our article on it right here. To celebrate this new tech AMD and Guru3D.com are holding a simple contest in which you can win a BenQ XL2730Z 27" FREESYNC 144Hz Gaming monitor ! The BenQ XL2730Z is a 27″ monitor that's running a resolution of 2560×1440.
Check out the competition right here.
Current Stories
OCZ launches Z-Series Gold Power Supply
OCZ Technology Group announced the availability of the Z-Series power supplies, the latest high-end enthusiast offering excelling in both performance and ultimate efficiency. Featuring 80+ Gold Certifications, the Z850 and Z1000 PSUs offer the highest efficiency on the market combined with a power output to meet exceptional system demands.
The Z-Series power supplies are immediately available in 850W and 1000W configurations to meet the system needs for high-end gamers, professionals, and enthusiasts. The Gold Certified Z1000 (1KW) and Z850 (850W) PSUs deliver over 90% efficiency at typical load, making them an excellent contender for high-end PCs and workstations that require maximum wattage and efficiency. Both the 1000W and 850W are available in modular and hard-wired configurations, offering choice and variety for case-modders, enthusiasts, and overclockers.
Featuring exceptionally clean DC output, a sophisticated architecture, and a complete array of connectors for your PC needs, Z-Series PSUs can power an impressive cross-section of high end components while contributing to energy savings. The Z-Series offers the most efficient design in its class, and comes backed by a 5-Year warranty commitment and technical support for ultimate peace of mind. The Z-series is available for $299.99 (Z1000M), $289.99 (Z1000), $239.99 (Z850M), and $219.99 (Z850).
SilverStone GD03 HTPC case
SilverStone will start shipping the GD03 HTPC case next month, this model will be available for around 190 EUR.
A chassis designed for massive storage capability with a total available space of up to
Soundblaster X-Fi Titanium Driver 2.17.0007
This download is a driver providing Microsoft Windows 7, Windows Vista
SmoothCreations LANShark review
SmoothCreations delivers another thrilling custom computer. The LANShark is small, light, and fast. While it is plenty fast, its overclocking potential is limited by its cooling, however.
The aim towards durability may compromises its full speed, but the custom paint job totally makes up for it.
Of course, the mind fills with catch-phrases, tag lines, cliches, and one-liners. The oppression of a fertile mind! I just got a text message from Cptn. Obvious,
Logitech reveals new HD webcams
Logitech announced updates to their entire webcam line today, revealing seven brand new models, the best of which, the Webcam Pro 9000, features HD capture at 720p with supporting applications.
This webcam also has a 2-megapixel sensor, light compensation and Carl Zeiss lenses. Expected cost is to be about $100. The C905 was also revealed today, but it
Onkyo intros two 7.1-channel home theater systems
The HT-S7200 has one extra HDMI 1.3a input, at five, compared to the HT-S6200's four inputs. The HT-S7200 can upscale signals connected via components and composite inputs to 1080i. The HT-S7200 sports tower front speakers with dual 3.25-inch woofers and a 1-inch dome tweeter. A center channel has the same arrangement of drivers. The speakers are available as a stand-alone package known as the SKS-HT870
The HT-S6200 system has single 4-inch woofers and one 1-inch balanced dome tweeter on the three front speakers and 3.25-inch full range drivers in the surround speakers. The 10-inch subwoofer has a 230W power rating on either system.
The Onkyo HT-S7200 and HT-S6200 are available now, priced at $899 and $699, respectively. The SKS-HT870 7.1-channel speaker package costs $499.
Windows 7 already cracked before release ?
There are reports on the web that a crack for the Ultimate Edition of Windows 7 is already available on the Internet. Reports indicate a leaked Windows 7 Ultimate OEM DVD ISO from Lenovo made the hack possible.
Reports from various forums and websites (which we will not link to because they offer the proof-of-concept of the Windows 7 RTM Ultimate crack, along with the activation product key, which is illegal) indicate that the cracked client can bypass Windows genuine Advantage validation with no problems whatsoever. A Windows 7 Ultimate OEM DVD ISO from Lenovo has reportedly made the hack possible. Leaked on a Chinese forum, complete with the download links, the ISO allowed for hackers to grab the OEM-SLP (System-Locked Preinstallation) product key as well as the OEM certificate for Windows 7 RTM Ultimate via boot.wim.
The bypass designed for Windows 7 RTM involves abusing OEM activation 2.1, and in this regard the circumventing process is nothing more than an OEM hack.
Microsoft makes search and ad deal with Yahoo
After two failed attempts to acquire Yahoo last year, Microsoft has struck a 10-year deal with the Internet company to take on Google. Under the deal, Microsoft will power Yahoo's search engine while Yahoo will take care of both companies' premium search advertisers. The deal must still pass regulators and the companies expect it will take a year or two to fully get the partnership up and running. Full details including the financial side can be found over at CNET.
Less expansive than the all-out, $44 billion acquisition Microsoft proposed last year--and even than some of the search partnerships once discussed--the deal does allow the companies to share resources and combine their engineering efforts. Even together, however, the two companies have only about 30 percent of the search market compared to Google, which has more than twice that amount.
"This agreement gives us the scale and resources to create the future of search," Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer said in a statement. "Success in search requires both innovation and scale. With our new Bing search platform, we've created breakthrough innovation and features. This agreement with Yahoo will provide the scale we need to deliver even more rapid advances in relevancy and usefulness."
China bans mafia and gangs games
Chinese state media People's Daily announced the country has banned online games featuring mafia and street gangs, claiming such a ban is necessary because these games are harmful to the youth.
The Ministry of Culture has issued a notice prohibiting such games, which have thrived on the Internet recently, said the People's Daily, the Communist Party's mouthpiece.
The games "highlight the anti-social gangster behaviour of beating, killing, looting, raping and cheating, and they promote bloodshed and violence", the ministry said in a statement posted on its website on Monday.
They must be banned because they "gravely threaten and distort society's efforts to build a lawful society and moral codes and will easily harm the youth", the statement said.
Corsair launches Dominator GT family for AMD Phenom II Processors
Corsair announced the new Dominator GT line of ultra-high performance DDR3 memory modules, designed specifically for AMD Phenom II processor-based platforms using Socket AM3 motherboards.
The new 4GB (2 x 2GB) Dominator GT memory kit has been precision engineered to operate at a frequency of 1600MHz with ultra low-latency timings of 6-6-6-18 and a Command Rate of 1T. These settings are a perfect match for the latest, high-performance Socket AM3 AMD Phenom II processors, which feature an advanced, low-latency, integrated DDR3 memory controller.
Testing in the Corsair Lab using an AMD Phenom II X4 Black Edition processor and Asus Crosshair formula motherboard has shown average performance memory improvements of up to 20% when using the 1600MHz CAS 6 Dominator GT memory, when compared to standard 1333MHz DDR3 memory.
The 1600MHz CAS 6 Dominator GT kit for AM3 platforms with AMD Phenom II processors also utilizes the new DHX+ heatsink, which uniquely cools both the memory ICs and PCB, and includes removable cooling fins that allow for advanced cooling devices to be fitted. These include the recently announced Corsair Cooling
ATI might prep radeon HD 4860
The colleagues from TPU found out through it168 that AMD is working on a Radeon HD 4860 graphics card. This part is expected to arrive for around $130.
The Radeon HD 4860 seems to have been already taped out, sampled, and pictured by sections of the Chinese media. At the heart of it is the RV790 GPU in a different configuration codenamed RV790GT. It has 640 stream processors instead of 800 on the HD 4850, except that it uses a 256-bit GDDR5 memory interface, and effectively higher clock speeds.
The core is clocked at 700 MHz, and the memory at 750 MHz (3000 MHz effective). The PCB shows the card to powered by a single 6-pin power connector.
How about downloading 720 DVDs in a second ?
KDDI R&D Laboratories have collaborated with Japan
Intel RS2BL080 RAID controller with 6Gb/s SAS drive support
Samsung has 2 platter 1 TB drive in the works
Samsung tonight advanced hard drives in cautious form by upgrading the density, not the capacity, of its Spinpoint line. The Spinpoint F3 reaches a maximum 1TB of space but does so using only two 500GB platters instead of the usual three or four; the move significantly increases the speed of accessing data as much as 30 percent by reducing the seek time for data. It moreover improves the reliability of the drives by reducing the number of moving parts.
Every F3 turns at 7,200RPM and plugs into SATA or SATA II interfaces. The 1TB drive ships in August and will have a 32MB buffer, but a 500GB, single-platter version is available now with a 16MB buffer. Prices of the drives haven't been made public.
Tuniq Tower 120 Extreme HSF next month
Tuniq will release the Tower 120 Extreme CPU cooler in August, this tower heatsink features five direct-touch heatpipes and is cooled by a 120mm fan.
Tower 120 Extreme measures 131
The Force Unleashed: Ultimate Sith Edition Trailer
Modern Warfare 2 Multiplayer Video
The first glimpse of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2's multiplayer gives us a quick look at the AC-130 gunship's appearance in online play. Players will be able to unlock the reward for earning killstreaks in the game.
Modern Warfare 2 crushes the holiday season on November 10.
ATI FirePro V8750 released with CrossFire Pro
AMD have announced the latest in its high-end professional 3D video cards, the ATI FirePro V8750 3D workstation accelerator, promising four times the processing power over rival systems. The FirePro V8750 boasts 2GB of memory with range-topping 115.2GB/sec bandwidth, together with 800 shader processing units, full 30-bit display pipeline and stream computing compatibility.
Outputs include two DisplayPort and a single dual-link DVI-I, with maximum resolutions of up to 2560 x 1600. The FirePro V8750 has two, independent display controllers, together with the Unified Video Decoder (UVD 2) for H.264/AVC, VC-1 and MPEG-2 footage, and compatibility with both ATI CrossFire Pro and ATI


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: Mika Any Other World Music Videos
Artists, Albums, Songs and Music Videos
Glitter Graphics
Photo Captions
MSN Nicknames
MySpace Smileys
Away Messages
101 Insults
any other world-Mika (Live) +lyrics
I always feel the enthusiasm of Mika in every his concert. He's really a great singer.
Karaoke - Mika - Any other world
Any Other World - Mika
La halles aux grains - Toulouse - 19 novembre 2012.
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In the next few days I will be migrating the blog from blogger to wordpress.
Learning how to think like a clinician
8 hours ago
So...this is to chronicle my study of Medicine and how everything in life is affected by it.
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WPA Theatre Theatre Credits
WPA Theatre News Feeds
Latest News on WPA Theatre
OLD FLAME to Place TNC, 4/24-5/17 (Mar 23, 2015)
Charles Busch to Make 92Y 'Lyrics & Lyricists' Debut with HERE'S TO THE GIRLS!, 2/7-9 (Jan 20, 2015)
BWW Interviews: Long Island Theatre's STAR Shines Bright (Jan 12, 2015)
[Off-Broadway, 1992]Producer [Off-Broadway, 1982]Producer [Off-Off-Broadway, 1982]Producer
New Musicals CAKE OFF and GIRLSTAR Will Premiere at Signature Theatre; Full 2015-16 Season Announced!New Video Of Cut INTO THE WOODS Song 'She'll Be Back' Performed By Traci HinesSTAGE TUBE: Tony Winner Sutton Foster on How Theatre Educators Impacted Her CareerSTAGE TUBE: First Look at Highlights of Denver Center's World Premiere of THE 12 - Terence Archie, Mike Backes, Anthony Fedorov & More!Twitter Watch: Lin-Manuel Miranda Raps for Jimmy Fallon's Outgoing Voicemail Message!BWW TV Exclusive: BREAKING DOWN THE RIFFS w/ Natalie Weiss- Back in the Habit!STAGE TUBE: Lea Salonga Sings 'I Dreamed a Dream' on SETH SPEAKS!VIDEO: Neil Patrick Harris Appears in Two New TV Spots for Heineken Light!VIDEO: Watch Sutton Foster and YOUNGER Cast Attempt 'Millenial Vocab Quiz'STAGE TUBE: Watch Highlights from La Mirada's CARRIE THE MUSICAL!STAGE TUBE: Meet the Boys of FINDING NEVERLAND!BWW TV Exclusive: Backstage with Richard Ridge- SAG Foundation Conversations Series with Stockard Channing!BWW TV: Go INTO THE WOODS to Celebrate Stephen Sondheim's 85th Birthday!STAGE TUBE: Lin-Manuel Miranda Gives Jonathan Groff a Belated Birthday Present
Message Board
NBC Sets THE WIZ as 2015 Live Musical; Broadway Revival in the Works!
Craig Zadan Offers Update On Next NBC Live Musical; Announcement Monday?
Tale As Old As Time- BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Movie Company Takes Shape; Meet the Cast!
STAGE TUBE: Watch Highlights from La Mirada's CARRIE THE MUSICAL!
Top 10 Shakespearean Insults in Honor of SOMETHING ROTTEN!


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Total Reviews
Write a
(2.4L 5-cyl. Turbo 4-speed Automatic)
1999 Volvo S70 Sedan GLT Turbo 4dr Sedan
Always told Volvo's were reliable cars. This one has had problems since day one. I have gone through 2 sets of O2 sensors and its ready for a 3rd, used both Volvo and OEM before. 02 sensor harnesses. Replaced throttle body. Oil breather box, emissions system, and PCV needs replaced. Replaced ball joints and tie rod ends. Steering still makes noise. Power steering fluid leak. Cam seal oil leak. 2 heater cores replaced. Ate 2 sets of breaks and rotors in 50K. Turbo needs rebuilt. Fuses and bulbs go out all time. Electric seat motors are going out.
Cup holders are poorly designed.
Read the full review
I purchased this car used in 2000 with about 11,000 miles. It was absolutely perfect until about 170,000 when the Electronic Throttle Module failed. Before buying any used Volvo from this time period I would thoroughly research the ETM and the problems it's caused. It's a very expensive part, and the replacement is just as likely to fail as the original. And since replacing mine, I've had several other problems with it and related parts. I've completely lost confidence in the car. Having said that, it was a great car for 10 years.
Read the full review
I so wanted a volvo. Less than a year after purchasing my car my check engine light went on - it has basically been on ever since. Try passing AIMS test with that. I have paid several times to have the car hooked up to a "Volvo" computer to get the problem codes. Ater a while, I just taped a picture of my dog over the numerous lights that go off and on for no apparent reason. It is comfortable inside and looks great on the outside. Hate the cup holders (what genius designed that) Anyway, hate the thought of buying another car but may have to - will it be a volvo, for sure - NOT. Give me the basic designs of the 60's and 70's when you used to be able to change your own oil!
Read the full review
Overall, I would rate this car as having exceptional value for its age. Bought a year and a half ago, at 125000+ miles she is still going strong mechanically and electronically, and still looks like she just left the dealership. I have had offers to trade/sell for a new Volvo because the demand for used S70s is high (great car to pass to the kids). The only issues have been the oil system, which needed repair once one month after purchase because of insufficient oil flow to the cams, and replacement of the coolant resivoir. Repairs were due to normal wear/age, and not derived from poor build quality. Quick and smooth performance, intuitive interior layout, and timeless design.
Read the full review
I really have enjoyed owning this car. In manages to be compact on the outside, yet so roomy on the inside. It's getting old now, and has 160,000 miles on it, but people still comment, "I like your NEW Volvo", and every time someone new gets in they say, "wow, this car is comfortable!" Beyond that, it never breaks, is fun to drive, returns reasonable mileage, and is incredibly practical.
Read the full review
This car is one of the best for reliabitly. Can be an annoying problem with electrical warning lights sometimes going off for no reason. Everyone seems to have that check engine problem. Car still looks and runs great.
Read the full review
My wife and I bought this car because
of the safety ratings that volvo was
known for. It has been a great car so
far. We have has the same types of
problems that other owners have had
with the electronic system with it
being very sensitive. I had to take it
to the dealership because the check
engine light was on and the reason for
the check engine light was because of
the gas cap was not fully on. I also
had to buy a new cup holder and rear
view mirror because I did not grease it.
Read the full review
Great car for high mileage drivers. I
purchased my 99 S70 GLT in late 09/2002
and have already put 50K miles on the
car. Mileage is now approaching 97K. My
1993 850 GLT had over 215K when is was
wrecked & totaled in 2002. We also
bought a 99 V70 in 07/2002. Both cars
have required minimal service except
routing maintenance. The turbo in the
S70 GLT definitely makes a difference
in acceleration, especially if you have
passengers and/or a full trunk.
Read the full review
I grew up in a family where 3 of our 4
family cars were Volvos: 240DL; 760
Turbo and some long wagon. This car
is my first Volvo (not counting the
240 I drove at 16). Originally I
thought I would want the S40 but it
was just entirely too small and I've
always been a "box" bodystyle fan.
The S70 has the right amount of leg
room, head room and hip room. My
ownly concerns: electrial. On my
drive home from the dealership I
encountered a check engine light and
the turn signals stopped working. I
hope this isn't a trend. Glad I
bought the extented warranty to 2006.
Read the full review
It has the euro-feel that makes
driving fun. It is so responsive.
Downside: Too small for a family of 4.
Read the full review
This is the estimated average annual insurance premium being charged in your state. The premium has been determined based on annual premium data for defined coverages (liability, comprehensive and collision) from a major insurer.
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All SMU Adventurers
All Adventures, By Month
This Just In…
Where Are They?
SMU students are having amazing adventures. Click on a continent to get started.
Author Archives: Cherri Gann
An update from Devon, a double major in political science and communication studies: As one of the leading global oil companies, ExxonMobil employs a high-energy and highly influential communications team to handle both its international and national communications. As we met … Continue reading
Posted in Hilltop on the Hill, 2014 Comments Off
Failures of Our Past
Students traveled to Washington, D.C., in October 2014 as part of SMU's Hilltop on the Hill program. The students visited media and government sites, and met with political communicators, journalists and SMU alumni. Continue reading
Posted in Hilltop on the Hill, 2014 Tagged Hilltop on the Hill, Meadows School of the Arts, North America, Washington D.C. Comments Off
Seeing the sights in DC
The next morning Lucy and I woke up for breakfast with some of our classmates. She was more than a little disgruntled, though, because the hot water in our hotel room didn't seem to be working! The Tabard Inn continental … Continue reading
From Madison's home to DC
This day would be our final full day together. The morning was both exciting and bittersweet. The Hampton Inn provided a lovely continental breakfast. One by one, we arrived with our suitcases to grab a quick bite to eat before heading to … Continue reading
Contrasts between liberty and slavery at Monticello
The next morning started bright and early as we left for our tour of Monticello. I was especially excited for this tour. After all, we had read three (enormous) books about the Master of the Mountain and the contrast between … Continue reading
An update from Karma, a junior majoring in political science and human rights, with a minor in law and legal reasoning: Throughout my experience as a human rights major, and especially throughout my experience on this trip, I have thought a lot … Continue reading
Posted in Civil Rights Pilgrimage 2014 Comments Off
Walk and reflection
The day starts with a generous breakfast in the seminary's large dining hall. Even with all the activity of the past days, a trend is apparent among many of us – the ample and tasty meals are definitely, shall we … Continue reading
Posted in Perkins School of Theology in Cuba Comments Off
Thank you to the nameless
2014 marks the 10th Anniversary of the SMU Civil Rights Pilgrimage. The eight-day bus journey takes students, faculty and staff to visit the American South's civil rights landmarks and leaders in the movement. Continue reading
Posted in Civil Rights Pilgrimage 2014 Tagged Alabama, North America, the South Comments Off
Biking in Berlin
On the first day of summer school I was sitting in my classroom in Oxford, half a world away from home in St. Louis, Missouri. Before getting into our material on European diplomacy, my professor made a point to recommend visiting … Continue reading
Posted in Monica in Oxford Comments Off
Perth Roundup
It is the end of my semester at Curtin University. I haven't updated my blog in a while, but a lot has happened. I was able to go on a trip to The Outback with a group on campus called … Continue reading
Posted in Rachel in Australia Comments Off


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The Fort Wayne-Allen County Airport Authority is seeking applications for the Customer Service Agent position. This job requires a patient and stable work style and consistency in dealing with repetitive routine. The job demands a cooperative, agreeable and sympathetic listener who gets along with others and enjoys being helpful to them. A customer service, team-oriented focus is of utmost importance.
- Operates shuttle vehicle escorting customers to and from the terminal building; assists customers including loading and unloading baggage into passenger's vehicle and to the airline ticket counters.
- Ability to establish and maintain excellent customer service and effective working relationships with management, supervisors, co-workers, tenants and the general public.
- Participates in custodial and snow removal efforts as needed.
- IMMEDIATE NEED: Looking for applicants who are able to work primarily weekends (Friday, Saturday and Sunday: 5:00a to 1:00p) and fill-in if needed). The position will work less than 30 hours per week.
- The Airport Authority is taking applications on an on-going basis to build an applicant pool for our Customer Service Agents.
- High school equivalent education
- Requires basic computer operations skills, including email
- Must be available to work weekend hours and varying hours.
- At least six months to one year of customer service work experience
- Ability to operate shuttle vehicle - must have valid operator's license
- Ability to lift luggage of various sizes (up to 75 pounds)
- Ability to work varied hours and work independently
- Ability to understand and follow oral and written directions and to and prepare basic reports as required


text:
- Warning: Not suitable for children under 36 months
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|£9.05 & FREE Delivery in the UK on orders over £10. Details
|You Save:
|£0.94 (9%)
|Item Weight
|141 g
|Product Dimensions
|16.2 x 12.2 x 5.4 cm
|Manufacturer recommended age:
|1 month and up
|Item model number
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|713 in Toys & Games (See top 100)
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|141 g
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|Date First Available
|14 Mar. 2008
Product Safety
This product is subject to specific safety warnings
For its sizes, this is a great microscope, interesting not only for the little ones, but for the adults as well.
Also a great birthday present to give!
What a great little pocket microscope. Fantastic for curious kids and I use it for my biology degree. So handy to just throw into your bag.
Absolute bargain!
Fantastic value for money, and offering excellent optics for the pricePublished 15 days ago by MRS R M PRIOR
Amazing item for the price. Great magnification, light, fits in pocket. See nature as you've never seen if before, I mean like up really really close.Published 19 days ago by Alex Lambden
Absolutely brilliant little microscope. Much easier to use than the heavier more expensive ones. Fab value for money and highly portable..we LOVE it.. Read morePublished 22 days ago by J. Hawksworth


text:
Forest fire puts Timmins under state of emergency
Firefighters are hoping that a shift in the weather will turn the tide in Timmins, where crews are battling a raging forest fire that's spewing smoke and ash toward the city.
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TIMMINS, ONT.—Fingers are crossed that a shift in the weather will turn the tide in Timmins, where crews are battling a raging forest fire that's spewing smoke and ash toward the city.
Cooler temperatures and a sprinkling of rain have eased the situation but the danger remains, Mayor Tom Laughren said Friday.
The city of 43,000 is under a state of emergency and officials are on high alert. More than 225 people have been evacuated from rural communities including Hydro Bay, Kamiskotia Highway and Cooks Lake, Laughren said.
Many have sought shelter with the Red Cross, while others are staying with friends or family.
That's in addition to an evacuation order for the nearby Mattagami First Nation that saw 118 residents relocate to Kapuskasing on Wednesday.
"I think the next 48 to 72 hours, from a fire perspective, as it relates to Timmins, will be critical," Laughren said Friday.
Laughren said he hopes the skies will clear up enough to allow water bombers to take on the flames.
Premier Dalton McGuinty praised firefighters, emergency workers, leaders and volunteers for their work throughout the region. He paid a visit Thursday to Kirkland Lake, where crews have largely contained a massive forest fire that had been threatening the town.
On Friday, McGuinty expressed his admiration for those in northern communities like Kirkland Lake and Timmins, where his mother is from.
"A number of people have already been evacuated and about 90 per cent of those . . . have not called upon the provincial government or the municipality to help them with their accommodation costs. They've gone to friends and family," McGuinty said Friday in Thunder Bay.
"That is a wonderful tribute to people in the north."
Kirkland Lake, about 140 kilometres southeast of Timmins, remained on high evacuation alert Friday. The community of almost 10,000 was dealing with high winds gusting up to 50 km/h.
Kirkland Lake schools were closed as a precautionary measure and municipal officials set up a $100,000 fund in case an evacuation is necessary.
Ontario's New Democrats have put their annual Northern Council conference — scheduled for this weekend in Timmins — on hold in light of the emergency.
The fire, roughly 30 kilometres outside Timmins, has also forced the closure of a gold mine operated by Lake Shore Gold Corp.
The Ministry of Natural Resources said high winds were fuelling the flames and there were concerns that strong winds could push significant smoke and ash into the community. The ministry was estimating the size of the Timmins fire at about 31,660 hectares.
No relief from extreme burning conditions was expected in the northeast of the province until at least Sunday, the ministry said.
Fifteen waterbombers, four Twin Otter aircraft and 56 helicopters are currently battling dozens of fires in the province. About 1,300 people are working on the situation, including 102 from outside Ontario.
Top News
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how can i get a repair manual for this car
Lexus » SC300 » 1992 Lexus SC300 » Questions
View questions for:All Lexus
1992 Lexus SC300
Lexus Q&AAsk Your Question
1992 Lexus SC300 Question: repair cd or manual
gs60, Louisville, KY, October 06, 2009, 17:28
2 Answers
Answer #1Valleyautotech October 06, 2009, 18:11Master
https://secure.drivers.lexus.com/lexusdrivers/info/my-lexus/resources/submit-owners-manual-search.do Hope this helps
Answer #2patrick mannion from Greg Solow's Engine Room, October 07, 2009, 01:38Master
Another option is a company that independent auto repair shops "buy" their information from that offer a very reasonable service to do it yourselvers. You get a one year subscription to year make and model specific repair procedures, service bulletins, component locations, wiring diagrams ect.... great quality information same as the professionals have ,much better than generic workshop manuals from parts stores, much cheaper than the factory manual. http://www.alldatadiy.com/
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Shallow soil over solid rock
marian_anneJuly 20, 2007
I need to plant an shrub for shelter at the back of a border. The problem is that the soil is only about 10" deep over a solid rock outcrop. The only way to break it would be with a rock breaker which is not an option. I live on the west coast of Ireland so the shrub needs to be wind and salt tolerant. Any suggestions for what /how to plant?
Can you create a container bed? I mean either raise the area so you can add good soil?
I couldn't offer suggestions for specific plants without knowing your zone, sun/shade situation.
BTW I just returned from a visit to Ireland (west coast area from Galway to Dingle). The plants were amazing! I've never seen such large hardy fuschias, even in windy coastal areas.


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WJU Seeks K-8 Teachers to Assist Future Teachers
ROCKLIN, Calif., -The Education Department at William Jessup University is unique. Undergraduate students are able to earn a BA in Liberal Studies and a preliminary Multiple Subject Credential in just four years. Each year of their life at Jessup, students are engaged in courses designed to enable them to become exceptional K-8 teachers.
Eric Bull, Coordinator of the undergraduate program, is reaching out to the educational community in search of K-8 teachers (active or retired) who might share experiences, expertise and time assisting in the professional growth of future teachers.
"With a TWIG, you can grow a forest of Future TREES," says Dr. Bull defining the TWIG as 'Teachers Who Inspire Greatness' and Future TREES as 'Teachers Reaching for Excellence in Educating Students'.
If you, or someone you know, might be interested in making a positive difference in teacher education - please contact Dr. Bull at firstname.lastname@example.com. or call 916-577-2278.
Rocklin, Roseville Yellow Pages -Automotive | Business | Community | Education | Finance | Health | Home Improvement
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Placer County News HeadlinesSierra College CACT Partnership Wins AwardSierra College, the California Conservation Corps and Golden Sierra Job Training Agency were recognized by the Placer County Economic Development Board
David Boesch Honored at North Lake Tahoe Awards DinnerPlacer County Executive Officer David Boesch was presented the Public Servant of the Year Award at the North Lake Tahoe 61st Annual Community Awards
Garth Brooks Tickets: Six Nights in SacramentoSaddle up cowboys and cowgirls! Garth Brooks will be making the first California appearance on his current world tour
Vacation Deals: On Tight BudgetsLet's face it, we all love our vacation time. A time to break off from everyday routines, ditch a portion of the responsibility we call life and enjoy doing what we love
Joyce and Jim Raley Teel & Joseph Gallo HonoredMore than 700 guests came out to honor Joyce and Jim Raley Teel, Raley's Family of Fine Stores and Joseph E. Gallo at their induction into the California Grocers Association Educational
Roseville Solar City Location Looks to Fill 300 JobsSolarCity , one of the nation's leading solar providers, announced its move into a vast new Roseville, California office to accommodate its growing local staff.
Republicans Start Swinging in Auburn Golf BattleAuburn, CA- The temperature are rising and Republicans will be heating it up in Auburn at the 4th Annual Placer County Republican Golf Tournament
Top 100 Paying Jobs in California (Part 5)Part 5 in the countdown to #1 to the Top 100 Paying Jobs in California
Jessica's Law Enforcement Changes Prompt ResponseJessica's Law authors George and Sharon Runner today responded to a decision by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to stop enforcing Jessica's Law residency
Maria Menounos: Special Olympics Global AmbassadorThe Special Olympics has announced that author and television personality Maria Menounos of E! is joining the Special Olympics family as the movement's newest Global Ambassador.
Van Halen to play Shoreline Amphitheatre on July 16For Northern California fans, Van Halen's only scheduled area appearance will take place at Shoreline Amphitheatre in Mountain View on July 16.
Rocklin Home for Sale: Retreat at Whitney OaksA brand new, custom home on Whitney Oaks golf course lot is now available in Rocklin.
NEWS: In Case You Missed It