text:
An improved Nyquist filter can be used as a matched filter in a digital communications system. This filter is characterized in that the frequency domain response meets the Nyquist criteria and that the square root of the frequency domain response has a first derivative that is continuous at all points. In other embodiments, the square root of the frequency domain response continuous over all points for all higher order derivatives.
1. A communication system comprising:
a first communication device including:
a digital signal source;
a quadrature amplitude modulation unit operatively coupled to the digital signal source;
a first pulse shaping filter operatively coupled to the quadrature amplitude modulation unit, wherein the first pulse shaping filter is such that the frequency domain response meets the Nyquist criteria and that the square root of the frequency domain response has a first derivative that is continuous at all points, the pulse shaping filter having an impulse response corresponding to the square root of the frequency domain response;
a modulator operatively coupled to receive a signal from the pulse shaping filter; and
a transmitter operatively coupled to the modulator; and
a second communication device including
a receiver;
a demodulator operatively coupled to the receiver;
a second pulse shaping filter, the second pulse shaping filter being matched to the first pulse shaping filter and being such that the frequency domain response meets the Nyquist criteria and that the square root of the frequency domain response has a first derivative that is continuous at all points, the second pulse shaping filter having an impulse response corresponding to the square root of the frequency domain response;
a quadrature amplitude demodulation unit operatively coupled to the second pulse shaping filter; and
a signal output operatively coupled to the quadrature amplitude demodulation unit.
2. The communication system of
3. The communication system of
4. The communication system of
wherein ω is frequency, T is a time period between symbols, and α is a roll-off factor.
5. The communication system of
6. The communication system of
an analog signal source; and
an analog-to-digital converter operatively coupled between the analog signal source and the quadrature amplitude modulation unit.
7. A digital communications receive unit comprising:
a signal receiving unit to receive a transmitted signal; and
a Nyquist filter operatively coupled to an output of the signal receiving unit, the filter having a characteristic of a square root of a Nyquist function in the frequency domain, the filter further being such that the square root of the frequency domain response has a first derivative that is continuous at all points,
wherein an output of said Nyquist filter is to be used to recover information contained in said transmitted signal.
8. The digital communications receive unit of
wherein ω is frequency, T is a time period between symbols, and α is a roll-off factor.
9. The digital communications receive unit of
10. The digital communications receive unit of
11. An integrated circuit comprising:
a memory device to store a look-up table for an impulse response for a filter, the filter having a characteristic of a square root of a Nyquist function in the frequency domain, the filter further being such that the square root of the frequency domain response has a first derivative that is continuous at all points; and
a digital signal processor operatively coupled to the memory device.
12. The integrated circuit of
wherein ω is frequency, T is a time period between symbols, and α is a roll-off factor.
13. A digital communications transmit unit comprising:
a signal source to provide an information-bearing signal; and
a Nyquist filter operatively coupled to an output of the signal source, the filter having a characteristic of a square root of a Nyquist function in the frequency domain, the filter further being such that the square root of the frequency domain response has a first derivative that is continuous at all points,
wherein an output of the Nyquist filter is to be provided for transmission over a communications channel.
14. The digital communications transmit unit of
wherein ω is frequency, T is a time period between symbols, and α is a roll-off factor.
15. The digital communications transmit unit of
16. The digital communications transmit unit of
This application is a continuation of patent application Ser. No. 09/302,078, entitled �Nyquist Filter and Method,� filed on Apr. 28, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,628,728 which application is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to filter circuits and more particularly to an improved Nyquist filter and method.
The present invention relates to filters such as the kind that can be utilized in communications systems.
The pulse stream from pulse generator 12 is applied to the digital transmitting filter 14 that shapes the pulse for output to the digital-to-analog converter 15 and transmission over channel 16. Channel 16 may be a wired or wireless channel depending upon the application. The transmitted data is received at receiving filter 18. The output of filter 18 is applied to analog-to-digital converter 20. Analog-to-digital converter 20 utilizes clock pulses that are generally recovered from the transmitted data by clock recovery circuit 22. The output binary data from analog-to-digital converter 20 is a replica of the input binary stream that was provided to pulse generator 12.
Major objectives of the design of the baseband PAM system are to choose the transmitting and receiving filters 14 and 18 to minimize the effects of noise, to eliminate or minimize inter-symbol interference (ISI) and to reduce stop band energy. Inter-symbol interference can be theoretically eliminated by properly shaping the pulses of the transmitted signal. This pulse shaping can be accomplished by causing the pulse to have a zero value at periodic intervals.
Modern embodiments of pulse shaping filters use a pair of matched filters, one for transmit and one for receive. The convolution of the transmit filter with the receive filter forms the complete pulse shaping filter. Inter-symbol interference is avoided since the combined filter impulse response reaches unity at a single point and is zero periodically at every other information point (Nyquist sampling rate). The linear superposition of pulses representing a pulse train preserves bandwidth and information content. Linear superposition of band limited pulses remains band limited and sampling the combined filter at the information rate recovers the information.
The most bandwidth efficient filter is the �brick wall� filter illustrated in
One method of producing practical filters is to allow the stop band of Nyquist compliant filters to exceed the bandwidth of the ideal brick wall filter and smoothly transition to the stop band. A class of such filters is the raised cosine filters. In the frequency domain (
In current embodiments of most systems, the raised cosine filter is used in its matched filter version. The transmit square root raised cosine filter, which determines the spectral bandwidth efficiency of the system, is discontinuous in the first derivative at the stop band.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes a pulse shaping filter that meets the Nyquist criteria. This filter also has the property of being continuous in the frequency domain up to and including the first derivative for the square root matched filter version. Some embodiments of the invention are in fact continuous in all derivatives for the square root version and these filters are closer to the ideal brick wall filter for the same stop band.
Nyquist filters are produced from filters in the frequency domain with a fixed frequency cutoff. As is well known in the state of the art, a fixed cutoff frequency leads to an unrealizable filter of infinite duration in the time domain. To produce a realizable filter, the ideal filter is approximated by time delaying and truncating the infinite impulse response. Truncation, however, produces unintentional out of band energy. One goal that is achieved by some embodiments of the present invention is to minimize this unintentional out of band energy after the filter is truncated.
Embodiments of the present invention provide filters that give a smaller signal ripple at the truncation length for the same theoretical stop band as raised cosine filters and therefore have better attenuation in the frequency domain. Accordingly, the preferred embodiment of the present invention has better truncation performance than the raised cosine that represents state of the art design for identical theoretical stop band.
The present invention includes embodiments that have several advantages over prior art Nyquist filters such as the raised cosine filter. For example, the filter of the preferred embodiment of the present invention reduces the effects of truncation errors, by reducing the energy remaining in the terms beyond the truncation length. This attenuation leads to lower energy levels in the stop bands. For example, one embodiment filter of the present invention has been shown to provide 10 dB improvement in the filter stop band, as compared with a comparable raised cosine filter. In other words, the out-of-band transmissions are reduced by 90%, a significant improvement.
Implementation of embodiments of the present invention in a communication system provides enhanced system performance. Since the out-of-band performance is improved, adjacent channels can be moved closer together and use less frequency guard band. This feature leads to more efficient use of the available bandwidth. This advantage will be similarly be attained for subchannels within a channel.
The above features of the present invention will be more clearly understood from consideration of the following descriptions in connection with accompanying drawings in which:
The making and use of the presently preferred embodiments are discussed below in detail. However, it should be appreciated that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention will first be described with respect to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) system. An improved class of filters will be described with respect to this system. A number of other applications that could also utilize a filter of the present invention are then discussed.
The I and Q streams will be filtered in Nyquist filters 112 and 112′. As will be discussed below, the present invention provides a Nyquist filter 112 that has enhanced performance compared to prior art filters. In general, a Nyquist filter has an impulse response with equidistant zero-crossings at symbol points. As a result, the filter eliminates inter-symbol interference (ISI). More detail of the improved Nyquist filter 112 (112′) will be provided below.
Once the I and Q signals have been generated and filtered, they are modulated by an I-Q modulator 114. The modulator 114 includes two mixers 116 and 118. As shown, mixer 116 is used for the I channel and mixer 118 is used for the Q channel. The modulator 114 causes both the I and Q channels to be mixed with an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, generated from signal source 120. The I channel will be mixed with a IF signal that is in phase with respect to the carrier and the Q channel will be mixed with an IF signal that is 90 degrees out of phase. This process allows both signals to be transmitted over a single channel within the same bandwidth using quadrature carriers.
The analog signal output from the modulator 114 is then frequency shifted to the carrier frequency by modulator 124. In the preferred embodiment, the carrier frequency is in the radio frequency (RF) range, but other frequencies could be used. The present invention would equally apply to any system that uses CDMA (code division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), optical systems, HDTV (high definition television), cable systems and others.
Returning to
A demodulator 128 at the receiver demodulates the received signal by mixing it down to the IF for the I-Q demodulator 130. The I-Q demodulation takes place in the reverse order to the modulation process. The signal is split into two paths, with each path being mixed down with intermediate frequencies that are 90� apart. The two paths are then provided to Nyquist filters 132 and 132′, which can be of the type described below.
The output of the Nyquist filters 132 and 132′ is provided to a demapping unit 134 which returns the signal to a digital stream. If the original data was digital, then the data from digital source 104 should be recovered at digital output 136. If the original signal was analog, on the other hand, the digital stream from demapping unit 134 would be returned to analog form by digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 138. This analog output of DAC 138 could then be filtered by low pass filter 140 and provided to analog output 142. Once again, reference can be made to the Webb and Hanzo text for additional details on QAM systems.
As mentioned above, a Nyquist filter has an impulse response with equidistant zero-crossings at sampling points to eliminate inter-symbol interference (ISI).
The parameter controlling the bandwidth of the raised cosine Nyquist filter is the roll-off factor α. The roll-off factor α is one (α=1) if the ideal low pass filter bandwidth is doubled, that is the stop band goes to zero at twice the bandwidth (2fN) of an ideal brick wall filter at fN. If α=0.5 a total bandwidth of 1.5fN would result, and so on. The lower the value of the roll-off factor α, the more compact the spectrum becomes but the longer time it takes for the impulse response to decay to zero.
The equation defining the raised cosine filter in the frequency domain (NFRaised Cosine(f) where f is frequency) and the corresponding impulse response (nfRaised Cosine(t) where t is time) are defined by the following equations.
Matched filters are used in many communication systems in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. As illustrated in
Spectral efficiency can be gained using filters that are Nyquist compliant and that smoothly transition to the stop band in the frequency domain.
The envelop of the time domain response decays more rapidly if the frequency response is smooth, that is continuously differentiable. Unfortunately, the frequency response of a raised cosine filter is non-ideal when the square root is taken. In particular, when the square root of a raised cosine filter is taken, the first derivative is discontinuous at the boundary of regions II and III. As a result, the frequency domain curve does not come in smoothly at the stopband as in the raised cosine case (see
The present invention provides a class of Nyquist filters that have better stop band performance than the known raised cosine filter. The Nyquist filter of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comes in smooth at the stopband when the square root version is used. In other words, the first derivative of this function is continuous. This property allows for truncation at some delay with less energy loss than the known raised cosine.
In the preferred embodiment, an improved class of Nyquist filters will meet two criteria. First, the filter will meet the Nyquist criteria, that is the frequency domain will have odd symmetry about the cutoff frequency (fN). Second, the square root version of the frequency domain of the filter will be continuous at least in the first derivative, preferably at all points. In a subclass of filters of the present invention, all derivatives will be continuous at all points. In typical applications, the higher order derivatives will all be equal to zero at the transition point between regions II and III and between I and II.
A number of filters meet the criteria for the class of filters of the preferred embodiment of the invention. Examples include all Nyquist compliant functions that when differentiated can be written in the form
The first example of an improved Nyquist filter has a frequency domain defined by a composite sine function. In particular, the frequency characteristic of this preferred filter is provided by the following equations:
The square root of the frequency domain is given by the following equations.
This equation was derived by starting with the raised cosine frequency domain function and taking π/2 times the sine term of that raised cosine function as the argument of a second sine function. Accordingly, the frequency characteristic is a composite function since it includes a sine of a sine. This modification was made because when the square root version is differentiated, the frequency domain function is smooth at the stop bands. This function is continuous in the frequency domain up to and including the first derivative since the function and the first derivative of the function are continuous.
The time response can be derived by inverting the frequency function. This is done by taking the theoretical Fourier transform of the frequency function and leads to the following response:
The impulse response of the square root Nyquist filter can be expressed as
It is noted that mathematically inverting the frequency domain function leads to an infinite number of terms. This is not a problem, however, since the higher order terms decrease rapidly. In effect, the waveform can be calculated using only the first few terms.
As can be seen from the above equation, the impulse response includes Bessel functions J(x). In a digital computing system, these functions can be derived in the same manner as any other function, such as a sine. As a result, the present invention is no more difficult to implement than any other filter.
In the preferred embodiment, the Nyquist filter is implemented as a digital filter. Accordingly, the impulse response equation can be calculated once and the results stored in a lookup table. As a result, the fact that the equation is computationally complex is not a detriment. Since the equation is solved off-line, there is little negative impact if the computation is time consuming. Of course, this fact does not prevent the impulse response from being calculated in real-time if a system was so designed.
The performance characteristic of the first embodiment filter is illustrated in
Improved stop band performance is beneficial in a communication system since it allows signals on adjacent frequency channels to be more compactly fit into the frequency spectrum. It also makes it easier to meet the emissions mask requirements for a given channel. These mask requirements are generally dictated by a regulatory authority, such as the Federal Communications Commission in the United States, and define the level of signal that can be allowed outside a given channel.
In addition this filter eventually has lower amplitude ringing in the tails than a raised cosine filter. The new class of filters are characterized in the time domain by the tails damping faster than the equivalent raised cosine filter tails. After a given time delay in the impulse response, the new Nyquist filters ring at a lower amplitude and continue to ring at a lower amplitude than the equivalent raised cosine filter at all longer times to infinity.
A second embodiment filter of the present invention will now be described. This filter exhibits each of the characteristics of the first embodiment filter. That is, the filter meets the Nyquist criteria and, in the square root version, is continuous for all values of the first derivative. In addition, this filter is also continuous for all values of higher order derivatives as well.
The frequency domain and square root frequency domain equations for the second embodiment filter can be expressed with the following equations:
Inversions of the square root filters for the first and second embodiments are shown in
Two examples of filters that meet the criteria for the new class of Nyquist filters have been described. Other functional forms may also meet the criteria of continuous derivatives and can be considered for this type of filters. These expressions might include hyperbolic sines and cosines, polynomials, and elliptic functions.
Alternatives to the preferred embodiments also include linear combinations of terms in the transition band. For example, a filter could be derived by adding the frequency domain response of the first embodiment described above with the frequency domain response of the second embodiment described above. These two (or more) functions could be weighted evenly or not. The terms could each include a differing number of sine terms in the combinations. Filters with transitional region (region II in
Filters as described herein can be used in a variety of applications. For example, the filters can be used in any system that utilizes pulse shaping filters. Digital communication systems provide one such example. For example, filters of the present invention could be used in wireless communications (cellular, GSM, microwave, satellite), wired communications (in telephone systems, cable modems), optical systems, broadcast systems (digital television/radio, satellite), and others.
One example of a system that can utilize a filter of the present invention is described in co-pending application Ser. No. 09/295,660, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,252,910, which is incorporated herein by reference as if reproduced in its entirety. A Nyquist filter of the present invention can be used in place of each Nyquist filter included in that system. This system will now be described with respect to
Details of preferred embodiments of the base unit and terminal units are provided in the following descriptions.
Modulator 806 modulates the received signal using a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) architecture employing a 16 point constellation. With a sixteen point constellation, each symbol mapped to the constellation represents four bits. In the preferred embodiments, the signal is differentially encoded using a differential Gray code algorithm. Details of such architectures are well known in the art. See, for instance, Webb et al., Modern Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (IEEE Press 1994). Various other QAM techniques are known in the art, including Star QAM, Square QAM, and Coherent QAM. Additionally, other encoding techniques could be used, such as Okunev encoding or Khvorostenko encoding could be used in lieu of Gray coding. Other embodiments of the invention could include other modulation techniques as are known in the art, provided the modulation provides for sufficient data rate (16 kb/s in the preferred embodiments) with acceptable signal quality (i.e. signal to noise ratio) for the desired application.
The in-phase and quadrature-phase components of the QAM modulated signal (illustrated by the single line representing both signals, as indicated by the slash through each such signal path) are then passed to Nyquist filter 808 which provides a pulse shaping filter in order to limit the overall bandwidth of the transmitted signal. In the preferred embodiment, the Nyquist filter operates at a 65 times over-sampling rate, in order to simplify the analog filtering of digital images. Nyquist filter 808 may comprise any of the filters discussed in this specification.
Additionally, the signal is multiplied in sub-channel offset block 810 by the offset required for the sub-channel upon which the signal is to be transmitted. In the preferred embodiment, the offset for sub-channel A would be minus 7.2 kHz, for sub-channel B would be minus 2.4 kHz, for sub-channel C would be plus 2.4 kHz, and for sub-channel D would be plus 7.2 kHz.
The QAM modulated and filtered signal A is then combined with the modulated and filtered signals from sub-channels B, C, and D in sub-channel summer 812 before being passed to digital-to-analog converter 814 where the combined signals are converted to an analog signal. The signal is then passed to radio frequency circuitry (not shown) where the signal is modulated to RF and amplified for transmission, as is known in the art.
In the preferred embodiment, the system is implemented using a digital signal processor. In this embodiment, all of the circuitry in the box labeled �Subchannel A� (as well as the other subchannels) and the subchannel summer 812 are implemented by a single chip. In fact, this chip can be designed to handle analog signals at both the input and the output by integrating an analog-to-digital converter (not shown) and digital-to-analog converter 814 on chip. Alternatively, the functions can be distributed amongst a number of interconnected integrated circuit chips.
In the preferred embodiment, the impulse response of filter 808 would be calculated once and stored in a lookup table, for example a EEPROM on a digital signal processor chip. The filter can then be implemented in the same manner as any other finite impulse response (FIR) filter, as is known in the art.
The filtered signal is passed to Symbol Synchronization block 854, which calculates the proper sampling point where there exists no (or minimal) inter-symbol interference signal. This is accomplished by calculating the magnitude of the sample points over time and selecting the highest energy points (corresponding to the synchronized symbol sample points). Magnitude tracking (block 858) is performed in order to remove channel effects from the differential decoder by determining if a detected change in amplitude of the signal is based on the intended signal information or on fading of the signal caused by interference. Based upon this determination, the threshold by which an incoming pulse is considered to be on the outer or inner ring of the QAM constellation (logically a �1� or a �0�) is modified to adapt to the changing incoming signal quality.
Based upon the information provided by magnitude tracker 858, the likelihood that a bit is in error is calculated in fade finder block 859. Bits determined to be a high risk of being in error are marked as �at-risk� bits in block 861. The �at-risk� bit information is fed forward to the appropriate one of red or blue signal decoding blocks 866 and 868 and is used by the decoding blocks'error correcting processes. Symbol synch block 854 also feeds phase tracker 860, which is discussed below.
The modulated signal is fed from magnitude tracker 858 to QAM modulator/demodulator 864, wherein the signal is de-modulated to the base band signal before being passed to the appropriate one of red or blue signal decoding paths. Note that only one functional block is shown in
Details of the terminal unit are provided in
The signal is modulated using QAM modulation (as described above) in block 912, as described above with reference to
The in-phase and quadrature-phase components of the QAM modulated signal are then passed to Nyquist filter 914 which provides a pulse shaping filter in order to limit the overall bandwidth of the transmitted signal. In the preferred embodiment terminal unit, the Nyquist filter operates at a 65 times over-sampling rate, in order to simplify the analog filtering of the digital image. The Nyquist filter 914 can be any of the filters discussed herein and will be matched with the corresponding filter from the base unit.
After passing through the Nyquist filter 914, the signal is multiplied by the frequency offset required for the sub-channel upon which the signal is to be transmitted. The offset signal is supplied by sub-channel offset block 926, which selects the sub-channel offset based upon instructions received from the base unit or upon pre-programmed instructions contained within the terminal unit's non-volatile memory.
Note that only a single QAM modulator is required for the terminal unit. This is because the terminal unit will only transmit on one sub-channel at any give time, as opposed to the base unit, which broadcasts over all sub-channels simultaneously.
The in-phase signal is fed to D/A converter 916 and the quadrature component is fed to D/A converter 918 where the signals are converted to analog signals. Filters 920 and 922 filter out spectral images at the Nyquist rate. Finally, the signals are fed to I & Q modulator 924 where the signals are modulated to radio frequency before being passed to RF transmitting circuitry (not shown).
Continuous fine frequency control is also provided for as indicated by blocks 860 and 862 of
While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
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|List A - Z | Top 1000 | Random | Origins
Military Names
Page 1/2. 26 Military names and what they mean, for military, naval, warlike for baby boys, listing 1-20.
Bolivar .. (Spanish, Polish) "Mighty, warlike." ..
Bravo .. Also the word that means "B" in the military alphabet.
Busby .. A busby is also a tall military hat made of fur, such as those worn by the British soldiers who guard Buckingham Palace ..
Cormac .. Historical: the third-century Irish king who founded schools of military science, law, and literature at Tara ..
Decatur .. Stephen Decatur was an early 19th-century naval hero ..
Emrys .. In Welsh tradition, Ambrosius Aurelianus (fifth century), military leader and uncle to King Arthur, is also known as Emrys Wledig ..
Ensign .. Possibly refers to the naval rank: an ensign is the most junior naval commissioned officer.
Epaminondas .. Epaminondas was a fourth-century BC military genius who invented fighting in organized units, known as "phalanxes".
Hannibal .. He was an enemy of the Roman Empire and masterminded a great military feat when he crossed the Alps with a baggage train of elephants to invade Italy.
Jehu .. Biblical: Jehu was a military commander of Israel, later king, who was noted for his pell-mell style of chariot driving.
Jotham .. Biblical: a king of Judah during a time of military strife.
Lunn .. (Irish, Gaelic) "Strong, warlike."
Lysander .. In Greek history, Lysander was a Spartan naval and military commander in 400 BC ..
Major .. Surname that is also a military title.
Marshall .. Also a law enforcement title and a military title of great honor ..
Nelson .. Historical: Admiral Lord Nelson, the English naval hero of Trafalgar ..
Perry .. Matthew Calbraith Perry was the Americal naval officer who established American trade relations with Japan in 1854 ..
Pompeo .. Pompey was a Roman statesman and military man, and Caesar's main rival ..
Rainer .. Mount Rainier is an important landmark named for a British naval officer, but the Indian name was Tacoma or Tahoma, meaning "snowy peak" ..
Sandhurst .. In England, the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (named after the village it is located) is the prestigious British Army officer training centre.
Major, Marshall, Nelson and Perry are commonly used names, while Bolivar, Bravo, Busby, Cormac, Decatur, Emrys, Ensign, Epaminondas, Hannibal, Jehu, Jotham, Lunn, Lysander, Pompeo, Rainer and Sandhurst are rare in comparison. (2000 U.S. Census)
1 page remaining with 6 names. Go to the next page >> for more baby names from Standish to Vali.
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Your recent article linked to the BBC, making your web site part of ours. The BBC.CO.UK received nearly 100 million page views, referred by the slashdot.org page, costing the taxpayer £1 billion.
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" UK Gov't To Review Hundreds of Websites, Axe Many of Them"
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Hey all!
Well as my batch is boiling away. I'm struggling once again with my temps and yet.. i have no idea why. i'll explain the scenario, and let me know if you have any ideas or what i could do with this. 'cuz well, i'm lost!
This is a partial mash, 5 gallon batch.
3.5 lbs of grain for the mash
So, i put my thermometer in the pot and watched it go up to my mash temps (right around 160) turned the heat off my stove, and put it to the next burner (which was off), pulled the thermometer out and placed the bag into my pot, doughed in and stirred for a good 3-4 minutes to make sure all the grains were separated and not balled up, so after that, i put my thermometer back in the middle as far in as i can go without getting too close to the bottom (where it was when i was watching the temps) so it settled at 145, so i let it sit for 3-4 more minutes to just make sure everything will equalize in the pot. so it got to 146, so i turned on the heat a bit more, stirred alot and the termometer barely moved up, but the middle of the pot started boiling, so i pulled it back off the burner, threw cold water in and was fighting with the thermometer to show the correct temps and it seemed that even in a little over a gallon and a 1/2 of water, there were MAJOR cold spots all over the place.
What is the best way to get around this??
wow. a 1000 word sentence. got so confused i couldn't figure out the problem
1: Empty
2: Scottish Export 80
3: Hef-wit
Fermenting: English Mild, Cabernet Sauvignon, Barkshack Mead
Don't try to direct heat your mash tun. It just doesn't work very well and you will rubberband back and forth between being too hot and too cold. If you absolutely, positively need to heat it up on a burner, then use a very low flame and stir the heck out of your mash to keep the heat distributed evenly. But even then you are likely to overshoot your target.
I assume you're using a pot and maybe doing BIAB for the partial mash. If you've only got a few pounds of grain and you're just letting this thing sit on the stovetop or burner, you are probably losing heat pretty quickly through the sides and top. This is one of the reasons coolers make better mash tuns...they hold the heat in better. However, I have done BIAB partial mashes in my thin-walled aluminum pot. I just insulate it. I made an insulating wrapper using automotive firewall insulation, although I have seen people use the pipe/duct insulation you can get at Home Depot/Lowes/etc.
Also, IMO it is much easier to adjust down than to adjust up. So, I deliberately overshoot my strike water temp by 5-10 degrees, wrap the insulation around it, and then wait until I'm maybe 2-5 degrees over my target strike water temp. I will go ahead and mash in still a few degrees high. The insulation is going to absorb some of the heat in addition to the grain. If I am still over my target mash temp I will just stir it a bit more until the temp comes down. Usually it only takes a minute or two. Then I cover the pot and throw a folded towel or blanket or something on top (flame off!) to keep too much heat from escaping that way.
The most important thing after that is, DON'T OPEN IT UP. Every time you crack open your mash tun to check the temperature, you are losing heat. When I first started doing all grain I noticed that every time I opened up my cooler to check on it, the temperature was another degree or two (or three) lower. I finally figured out to leave it alone, and now my mashes lose at most one degree F over a 60 minute mash.
I don't have any issues with hitting my temps in a metal pot.
1. I use a strike temperature calculator (http://www.rackers.org/calcs.shtml) to determine the temp that the water needs to be before I add grain.
2. When I heat my strike water I always go over the temp by a few degrees and cut the flame. Do a good whirlpool with my spoon and I wait for the water to cool down to my strike temperature. By sticking the thermometer in and whirlpooling until the thermometer reads the temp you want; you are alleviating hot and cold spots by "mixing" them together.
3. Add grain. I may be off a degree or two (nothing needing "correction"), but usually I hit it spot on.
I have done several batches of AG with BIAB method. The first time I was having issues simular to what you mentioned.
I've tested temperatures and depending on how thick your mash is, you can end up with temperature gradients depending on where you measure and how deep you measure. A brief stir doesn't always level things out. I found that I had to kind of fold the mash. Stir and try to bring the bottom mash to the top and then stir it around. That balanced things out for me.
Also, if you find that you need to add heat, don't just light up the burner and wait for the temperature to change. By the time you do see a change the temperature of the mash at the bottom blows right by what you are trying to achieve.
If I find that I don't hit the temperature I want and I'm low, I light the burner and constantly stir. I only turn the burner on for 10 or 20 seconds at a time. Keep stiring and measure. You can creap up on the temp you want more accurately.
If you are slightly high, you can add a splash of water but leave the cover off and stir rapidly to release the heat. This works well for me.
I had the same thing going on my first time. Add heat. Dam, overshot big. Add water. Undershot. Add heat etc.
If I'm within a deg or so I call it good and wrap a sleeping bag around it and go upstairs and grab a beer and watch TV for a hour or so. I don't even look any more as it will hold a degree for a 90 min mash properly wrapped.
#1 - 5 Gallons Harp Clone All Grain with Wyeast 2007 Lager (~5.5% ABV)
#1 - 6 Gallons Dry Irish Stout Partial (~4.0 ABV)
#2 - 6 Gallons Brown Sugar Ale All Grain with Nottingham Yeast (~5.0% to 5.2%)
6 Gallons Honey Ale AG
6 Gallons Brown Sugar Lager
and after your post, i now know exactly where i also went wrong....
while i was thinking one issue, i deff did NOT have my temps up correctly so it was either teh strike temp (which i was 10* off ) or a combination of both.
(but im' better on strike 'cuz i was so far off)
i'll remember this and keep it on a check list!
thanks guys!
@RukusDM -
That is going to be some valuable information as well from the patience aspect, as a new home brewer i think i'm just too KEEN on having it be the correct temperature. But as i've heard everyone say, grains are forgiving to a point, so i have to keep remembering that as well
i love this board!


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The Heritage Foundation's Edwin Meese III Center for Legal and Judicial Studies is honored to host Judge Diarmuid O'Scannlain as the sixth speaker of our aptly named Joseph Story Distinguished Lecture.
The namesake of the lecture - the eminent jurist Joseph Story – became the youngest Associate Justice ever to serve on the United States Supreme Court when he was appointed by President Madison in 1812. Story made a significant mark on American law in his thirty-three years on the bench, but his greatest contribution to jurisprudence is his renowned Commentaries on the Constitution, in which he set forth a philosophy of judicial restraint. This lecture series celebrates his legacy.
Previous Joseph Story Lectures have been delivered by Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, Judge Robert H. Bork, Professor John Harrison, Judge A. Raymond Randolph, and Judge Alice M. Batchelder.
The Honorable Diarmuid F. O'Scannlain
Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Ronald Reagan Distinguished Fellow Emeritus
Read More
While this event has passed, we have archived its content and discussion in our archive.
Do you have any questions about this event or want more information? We'd be happy to help. We have answers to many of our frequently asked questions at your disposal, or you may also contact:
Co-hosted byIn recent months, heartbreaking stories of Americans struggling with devastating diagnoses have captured our empathy. In response, activists are using these stories to advance — Read more
Elected President of Mexico in 2000, Vicente Fox ended leftist rule that dominated the nation's politics for seven decades. His administration implemented sound economic — Read more
In its February 25 North Carolina Dental v. Federal Trade Commission decision, the Supreme Court held that a state regulatory board that is controlled by — Read more
The Heritage Foundation is the nation's most broadly supported public policy research institute, with hundreds of thousands of individual, foundation and corporate donors. Heritage, founded in February 1973, has a staff of 275 and an annual expense budget of $82.4 million.
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Reader comments are listed below. Comments are currently closed and new comments are no longer being accepted.
Froy:"it can't adjust its production"
What you are referring to is nuclear power plants that operate in base mode, i.e. at full power, this applies to countries that have less than 50% nuclear electricity because they use their other sources of power to follow the demand for electricity. However it is by economic choice that they do so, it is not a technical necessity. France has 78% nuclear electricity and they follow the demand just fine. If they didn't modify the power output from their nuclear plants during the day, how would they cope with the difference between eletricity demand at noon and during the night?
Nuclear just requires a too high investment, too long construction period and requires a too high energy consumption rate (it can't adjust its production). And then you have the little matter of that inconvenient radioactive waste. All in all, better to keep the existing nuclear plants as long as you securely can, but don't build new ones. Rather invest the money in renewables. That's where the future is.
every government wanna a present interest including the USA
The US fumbles an opportunity away. Again. Nuclear is going nowhere until both the financial and regulatory playing fields are tilted away from their heavy bias toward fossil fuel.
Score an own goal for the environmentalists too. Just how many million tons of CO2 have been added to the environment by canceling all those nuclear plants after their histrionics over Three Mile Island, and trotting out the bogeyman over the waste depository?
Nuclear power will be welcome as the world's energy is burnout.
"If it's still moving, regulate it. When it stops moving, subsidize it."
Gas is selling at 4-5 US$/MMBTU, but whether shale gas is *profitable* at those prices is an open question.
A nuclear investment need to collect 80-90 US$/MWh (real prices today) over 50 years to achieve a "just-OK" rate of return on investment. Difficult in the current environment with the shale gas profitable at 4-5 US$/MMBTU
And the abundance of shale is going to make the case for nuclear power more difficult.
Scana has applied for a loan guarantee, but has also said it may not need it. NRG is arranging financing from Japan.
The Economist explains: How hedge funds work
The Economist explains
Politics: Nick Clegg on being punished in the polls
Pregnancy and work: Supreme triangulation
Democracy in America
The Cricket World Cup: Bat deep, bowl bravely
Game theory
Amazon's next move: From books to builders
Business and finance
Labour and business: Lions' den
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One in jail, two sought in metal theft at former Save Mart downtown
A Fresno man is in custody and two others are being sought in connection with the theft of thousands of dollars worth of copper pipes and wiring from the former Save Mart building in downtown Merced, police reported Friday.
Suther Lee Allen, 40, was booked at the Merced County Jail on investigation of burglary and conspiracy, according to Merced police Sgt. Jay Struble.
The estimated damage to the structure is between $300,000 to $400,000, and at least $100,000 worth of copper piping was removed, Struble said. At least four condensers from air conditioning units were reported taken.
According to police, they received a call from Mando Enterprise, the owners of the downtown building, at 1 p.m. Friday. The owner and his son reported they arrived to work on the plumbing so they could rent the space out.
But they couldn't open the front doors and told police the doors were shut from the inside. The owners managed to break the metal straps holding the doors shut, police said.
The owners found two people walking around inside the building and noticed the copper piping had been removed. Then they retreated outside to call 911.
When officers arrived, they said the back door near the loading dock slid open and a grey minivan with two men inside sped off. Police said Allen was left behind after rolling up the door.
Allen ran toward the fleeing van, police said, but couldn't catch up. According to police, he fled on foot but they apprehended him in the 1300 block of West 18th Street.
Officers searched inside the building, where they found power tools and other equipment. It's unclear how long the three men were inside the building, but based on the among of damage, police estimate they were there for many days. The owner said the last time anyone visited the building was Monday morning.
Struble said the owner handled the situation well by leaving the building as soon as they saw the men inside.
"Don't create the confrontation," he said. "Call us and let us deal with the confrontation."
Police said Allen was not cooperating or giving them information about the other men. He is being held at the Merced County Jail in lieu of $15,000.
The empty building at 1136 W. Main St. has been vacant since April. The supermarket chain shut it down in an effort to consolidate operations in Merced.
Reporter Ramona Giwargis can be reached at (209) 385-2477 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
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MADAM MIAOW'S CULTURE LOUNGE on RESONANCE FMListen to all the programmes in Anna Chen's Resonance FM series.
Reaching for my GnuReaching for my Gnu Anna's collection of poetry is available at Amazon as an eBook and paperback. US readers can buy the ebook here.
Resonance 104.4FM Radioplayer
Madam Miaow SaysAnna Chen's Orwell Prize shortlisted blog.
Anna May Wong Must Die!Anna Chen's funny & fabulous one-woman show — a personal journey through the life and crimes of Hollywood's first Chinese screen legend with satire, songs and a few laughs.
Anna's blog
- Off to the Bookworm Literary Festival in China
- Anna's TED Talk on You Tube: a banker, a worker and an immigrant walk into a bar
- Anna Chen's TEDxEastEnd Talk: a banker, a worker and an immigrant walk into a bar …
- How St Ives came to be one of the foremost art communities in Britain
- Doctor Who review: Death in Heaven season finale — an ideological battleground.
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Reaching for my Gnu: Anna's poetry book now an eBook
Aaaargh! Press has published Reaching for my Gnu, Anna Chen's collection of poetry, for Kindle. Out in good old-fashioned analogue hard copy very soon. DESCRIPTION "THE POEMS IN THIS COLLECTION are graceful, muscular, playful, rich in both emotional depth and intellectual … Continue reading
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New site offers tools, content and solicits business owners to update information. The post Google Launches Major Push To Get Local Businesses Online, Improve Data appeared first on Search Engine Land. . About SEO, PPC, SEM, Search Engines & Search Marketing
searchengineland.com - Wednesday, March 25, 2015 - 9:46 +Bookmark


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Then & Now: How Does the Cast of 'Batman' Look These Days?
Nearly 25 years ago, Tim Burton's 'Batman' hit theaters. We took a look at how the cast of the blockbuster thriller looked both then and now.
Nearly 25 years ago, Tim Burton's 'Batman' hit theaters. We took a look at how the cast of the blockbuster thriller looked both then and now.
If there's one job that's never, ever going to get outsourced, it's babysitting.
There are a lot of WWII movies out there, and of those there are quite a few of those that focus on the guerrilla resistances that sprang up during the long years of World War II. While the majority have been based off historical information of actual resistance efforts, most have been flowered with the usual trappings required of a standard Hollywood movie
Ever wonder how the cast of everyone's favorite tale of fencing, fighting, torture, revenge, giants, monsters, chases, escapes, true love and miracles looks today?
After New Line's live-action 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' movie grossed more than $200 million worldwide, the heroes in a half-shell were guaranteed a sequel. That came just a year later in 1991 in the form of 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze.' This turtle-powered action movie didn't fare as well at the box office, but was nonetheless beloved by kids that couldn't get enough of these pizza-loving crime fighters.
While it's technically not an actual part of the official roster of Super Bowl 2014 commercials, Newcastle's multi-part documentary starring Anna Kendrick and Keyshawn Johnson in the beer company's failure of trying to make an ad for the big game is a huge, hilarious parody of the whole system.
Val Kilmer is an awesome character actor, the guy has played some killer characters over the days of his career. Some of my favorites of course are his biographical characters. With my #1 favorite being his portrayal of Jim Morrison, the lead singer of the band The Doors. He plays Jim Morrison in his Oliver Stone's biographical look at the meteoric rise and subsequent fall of the lead singer of The Doors.
Know what's great? The wisdom that elders can impart on the rest of us, culled from years of gaining knowledge and experience. Know what's even greater? When they dress up and reenact classic movies for a calendar.
In 1987, no man seemed to successfully be able to step up and match the lowlifes and scum that made up the crime-ridden city of Detroit...until Robocop stepped in to play, that is! The science-fiction action film told the story of an officer who was brutally killed and resurrected by the science of OCP (Omni Consumer Products), thus making him an all out cyborg set with one thing in mind: revenge...and maybe a little justice.
The bad guys (or occasional girl) from the films of our childhood were memorable characters we won't be forgetting anytime soon. Let's take a look at some of our favorite villains from days gone by and see where they are now
History has always portrayed being geeky as an immense, life-crippling negative experience (at least in high school). However, today, the term "nerd" or "geek" appears to have morphed into a new meaning: one of power, intelligence, and, believe it or not, popularity. With powerhouses such as the Nerdist network, Steve Jobs, Bill Gates and pretty much every hipster reading a graphic novel through his or her oversized novelty glasses, geeks are on top of their game today.
Here's a new video from the folks at How It Should Have Ended, featuring a hilarious alternate ending for 'The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug.'


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Falls of Rough is a populated place located in Breckinridge County at latitude 37.59 and longitude -86.549.
The elevation is 489 feet. Falls of Rough appears on the Falls of Rough U.S. Geological Survey Map. Breckinridge County is in the Central Time Zone (UTC -6 hours).
Breckinridge County: Cities & Towns | ZIP Codes | Schools | Features (airports, churches, hospitals, etc.)
BIG Map |
Driving Directions |
Data Source - USGS GNIS FID: 507976
BOUNDARY MAPS: Glen Dean-Vanzant Division | Breckinridge County
Falls of Rough, KY
(< 0.1 mile)
Hickory Corner, KY (< 0.1 mile)
Dempster, KY (2.4 miles NNW)
Falling Branch, KY (2.7 miles E)
Rockvale, KY (3.4 miles NNW)
Fentress McMahan, KY
(3.4 miles ENE)
Glen Dean, KY (4.3 miles N)
Hites Falls, KY (4.3 miles SW)
Shreve, KY (4.5 miles W)
Cannons Point, KY (4.7 miles E)
Sanders, KY
(13.8 miles NW)
Deanefield, KY (14.9 miles WNW)


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Social media management vendor Sprinklr raises $46 million
The funding round values the company at more than $1 billion. Sprinklr has raised $123.5 million to date.
Social media management vendor Sprinklr raises $46 million
The funding round values the company at more than $1 billion. Sprinklr has raised $123.5 million to date.
Etsy seeks up to $1.78 billion value as it readies for an IPO
The company and existing stockholders intend to sell 16.7 million shares for $14 to $16 apiece, according to a regulatory filing Tuesday.
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Sponsored by 2013 Social Media 300
30% of them say they could run their businesses via mobile devices.
Most small web retailers would use e-mail to keep in touch with customers during a natural disaster, and use mobile devices to keep running their businesses, suggest survey findings from China-based e-commerce operator Alibaba Group and two U.S. subsidiaries.
30% of the responding companies say they could keep their e-commerce businesses operating because their data are stored "in the cloud," that is, on remote web servers. Of the 70% that feel vulnerable to natural disaster, 23% say they maintain their Internet servers and data on-site.
The findings are based on a December survey conducted by Alibaba and two U.S. companies it bought in 2010, Auctiva and Vendio, both of which provide tools for sellers on eBay and other online marketplaces. Survey responses came from 600 Vendio and Auctiva customers, 80% of them based in the U.S. and more than 95% in North America. 97% of the retailers that responded to the survey sell online, 80% are web-only retailers; 82% had 2012 revenue of $50,000 or less.
The survey found that 62% of retailers said they could run their businesses via mobile devices were a storm or other natural disaster to strike. 86% of retailers would use e-mail to contact customers, with 42% using phone and text, 27% web sites, 22% Facebook, 8% Twitter, 5% Google+ and 4% LinkedIn. Respondents could select multiple answers.
36% of respondents would "communicate directly with customers right away" after a natural disaster. That compares with 42% that would save products, inventory or office materials, and 14% that would update their web sites to "reflect changes and latest status." (The report did not account for the remaining 8%.)
76% of respondents said a natural disaster has never affected their businesses, while 74% said they lack what the survey calls a "natural disaster recovery plan." 84% of respondents report having no insurance to cover losses from natural disasters.
First, understand your customer: Is she just getting to know you or a loyal customer? ...
Posted 04/01/15
Consumers who shop at Amazon are impulse buyers interested in self-image, and that's particularly true ...
Posted 03/31/15
If there's something you've bought offline that you weren't able to buy online, we're probably thinking about that."


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David Bereit in Grand Rapids, MI and ArtPeace in Public
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Uploaded by www.40daysforlife.com/grandrapids/ on Oct 23, 2011
David Bereit spoke at a 40 Days for Life vigil site in Grand Rapids, MI on October 13. The 40 Days for Life team in Grand Rapids has a publicity venue where about 700 art pieces that promote LIFE in a positive way are on display in a very busy area just down the street from the 'borshun klinik. Grand Rapids has a worldwide event known as ArtPrize in which about 1500 art pieces were on display for several weeks and everyone got to vote on them, the winner gets a huge prize. With thousands of people walking around looking at art during ArtPrize, the message of LIFE was promoted by the ArtPeace Project. for details see the website www.artsignup.weebly.com or go to www.40daysforlife.com/grandrapids Also to note-there have been 6 known events in GR MI where a baby was saved during the vigil.
Grand Rapids MI David Bereit 40 Days for Life
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How to manage finances if you lose your jobBy Priya Sunder Phailin was one of the most powerful cyclones to hit India in recent times. Raging winds and rain plundered the eastern coast. Over 26 lakh trees lay flattened. However, the palm trees survived most of the carnage. The palm's ... Economic Times, 5 days ago
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BERHAMPUR: A major fraud in providing post-Phailin assistance to fishermen of Ganjam district has came to the fore. Police on Wednesday arrested a couple from Gopalpur on charges of misappropriating Rs 86 lakh meant for supply of boats and nets to ...Times of India, 1 month ago Couple arrested for defrauding Rs 86 lakh in Ganjam Odisha Television, 1 month ago PTI - FRAUD Namibia Press Agency, 1 month ago
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CAG raps state's Phailin management claim
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The family announces with great sorrow his passing in Sudbury on Wednesday, February 4th, 2015 at the age of 66 years. Son of the late Donald and the late Ethel (née Bain) True. Beloved father of Sabrina Luttrell (Dean), Mathew True (Janet) and Patrick True all of Sudbury. Loving brother of Janice Pybus (Grant) of North Bay, Fred True (Sylvie) of Timmins, Connie Johnston (Tom) of Winnipeg and Lorraine Lacosse (Ken) of Sioux Lookout. Predeceased by his brother Kenneth True and his sister Karen Rogerson (Clive of North Bay). Cherished grandfather of Emma and Eve Luttrell. Sadly missed by many nieces, nephews, relatives, friends and lovingly remembered by the mother of his sons Nicole True of Sudbury. Burial to follow in Port Loring at a later date. In keeping with his wishes, there will be no visitation or funeral service. Funeral arrangements entrusted to the COOPERATIVE FUNERAL HOME, Sudbury.
For more information about this obituary visit http://www.cooperativefuneraire.ca.


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As HBO's medieval fantasy Game of Thrones returns, imagining a Jewish version of the Seven Kingdoms
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Sundown: Obama Aims To Delay Sequester
Plus David Axelrod gets a new gig
Vocabulary Word of the Day: Kibitzer
A word for Jews and card players alike
Sundown: Egypt Riots on Anniversary of Revolt
Plus Bernard Malamud stories to get a celluloid second life
Daybreak: Iran Sets Up Spy Posts in Syria
Plus Colin Powell backs Hagel for Defense Secretary
The New Jew-Speak, via Google
Sarah Bunin Benor's new Jewish English Lexicon crowd-sources distinctive contributions to the language
Old McYankel Had a Farm
With 200 acres, a love of the mamaloshen, and little by way of experience, a dreamer starts Yiddish Farm
Is Yiddish Getting Popular Among Arab Israelis?
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The untold story of the great epic poem of the Holocaust—and the generous, tragic hero who wrote it


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The Holy Terror's Reviews > Naked in Death > Status Update
The Holy Terror is finished— Jan 25, 2011 08:09PM
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"Sex doesn't have to be a power trip. It sure as hell doesn't have to be a punishment. It's supposed to be fun. And now and again, if you're lucky, it gets to be special."— Jan 25, 2011 05:24PM
The Holy Terror is on page 160 of 294
"This guy in Detroit, hit on four before they tagged him. Liked to pick up a lonely heart, go back to her place. He'd tranq her, then he'd strip her down, spray her with glow-in-the-dark red pain, top to toe." "Weird." "Lethal. Skin's gotta breathe, so she'd suffocate ..." Nuh uh! Myth-busted!— Jan 25, 2011 04:54PM
The Holy Terror is on page 127 of 294
I need to be done with this by Monday, I can do it!— Dec 31, 2010 05:05PM
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It's always hard to read a book set in a future we've already surpassed in some aspects. Magazines will never be on discs.— Dec 17, 2010 12:34AM
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Enterprise Data Storage Cost Reduction Strategies Synchronous Workshop October 12 & 13, 2010 0regon State Fairgrounds Presented to: SDC Directors Advisory Board Presented by: Ben Berry ODOT CIO Master Change Facilitator October 25, 2010 http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/CS/ISB/cio_report.shtml Participants Synchronous Workshop Executive Speakers Scott Harra Clyde Saiki Julie Bozzi Executive Sponsor Executive Co-Owner Executive Co-Owner DAS, Director ODOT, Deputy Director DAS/SDC, Administrator Elizabeth Harchenko John R. McNaughton Mary Beth Herket DOR, Director Gartner, Executive Partner VP Secretary of State, State Archivist Ben Berry ODOT, CIO Master Change Facilitator 14 Agency Participants DAS, SDC, EISPD DCBS DHS DOA DOC ODF DOJ DOGAMI DOR Lottery ODOT OED OHCS PUC 2 Enterprise Synchronous Workshop Methodology Business Problem Electronic data storage has become a critical management and budget issue for Oregon state government Enterprise Synchronous Workshop Goals 1. Defining enterprise data storage problems and issues 2. Identifying enterprise data storage solutions 3. Creating a common enterprise action plan for data storage cost reduction 3 Executive Sponsor & Owners Scott Harra Clyde Saiki Julie Bozzi Executive Sponsor Executive Co-Owner Executive Co-Owner DAS Director ODOT Deputy Director DAS/SDC Administrator Common Vision Enterprise Data Storage Management Agency Agreement on Enterprise Approach to Improved Data Storage Management Sense of Urgency to Reduce Costs Agency Commitment to Enterprise Action Plan 4 ODOT's TreeSize Methodology ~ An Agency Example….. Data Storage Sample, 40 of 400 ODOT Servers Local Servers Storage Area Network (SAN) Remote Servers · INSTALL · SCAN · ANALYZE · REPORT Group by File Extension · E-mail Note: Produced Pie & Bar Charts for · · Container Miscellaneous reporting Agency data storage · Graphic · Video/Audio · Database · MS Office & Documents · Programs Render Data Groups (Excel) · Email · GIS · Applications · Graphic · Video/Audio · Database 5 ODOT Data Storage File Analysis Data Storage Sample, 40 of 400 ODOT Servers, Extrapolated Email Graphics Video/Audio Includes: Databases Aerial Imaging Includes: SW Applications VECTOR .PST files RASTER Email GIS MS Office LIDAR GIS 21% 29% Graphics Includes: SW .JPEG 22% .GIF Applications .TIFF 18% .PDF Includes: Engineering Sector Video/Audio Includes: Highway .WMA Databases Includes: 3% DMV .SQL MP3 7% MPEG Access Validated by Dan Hande ODOT Senior Network Application Analyst 6 October 7, 2010 Synchronize the Organization Methodology Gather agency stakeholders to create consensus decision making ~ using both insiders and outsiders Data Storage Managers and Technicians Business Directors and State Data Center Experts Financial Analysts Synchronous Workshop Co-MCFs SDC CIO Advisory Enterprise Board Members Team SDC Director Advisory Board Members Synchronous Workshop Coordinators 7 Art of Decision – Making Leadership that shapes the future! consultative L1 L2 LF1 LF2 M consensus autocratic assumes Goal Congruence No group Leader meets Leader meets with Group Self or written with people one group in open forum participation information on one Prompts ideas and Group Decides Collects info considers input Leader makes Leader still makes Synchronize the Gather info and decision decision Organization then Leader Methodology decides Leader decides Group decides to decide L = Leader Less timeLegend: F = Followers More time to decide M = Mutual (time efficient) (more developmental) 8 Break-Out Groups Topics for Opportunity Examples • Email Attachments vs. links • Retention and Archiving Business Practice Issues documents • Governance/Communication Model • Tape Back Up Expense/Reduction Technical Issues We have identified four major topics • Allocated vs. Unused disk space • Data De-duplication deployment based on informational sensing sessions with agencies. • Cost Allocation Methodology Budget Issues • Current and Projected SDC Cuts • Fixed vs. Variable Costs • Leasing Strategy Payback • Duplicate Data Sets GIS Issues • Storage Strategy (current & future) • Standards and Policies 9 SDC Storage Growth Trend Actual Forecasted 1,200,000 Reported Monthly 1,000,000 Trend To Date Estimated Future Annual Trend @ 45% 800,000 100% Cap. Storage (GB) 90% Cap. 600,000 80% Cap. 400,000 "Estimated Enterprise 200,000 Opportunity" - Annual Trend (Reduce T4 & T5 0 Tape) 03/10 04/10 05/10 06/10 07/10 08/10 08/11 08/12 08/13 Time Annual Projections Current Monthly Growth Trend Estimated Annual Change in Growth Trend 10 October 7, 2010 *All values represented in this image have been confirmed by SDC Staff as estimates only. Workshop Prioritized Issues Priority Issue Category Topic 1 Data Retention Business Practice 2 Archive & E-Discovery Tools Technical 3 Data Consolidation Business Practice 4 Back-Up Size at 62% of cost, Disaster Recovery, etc. Technical 5 De-Duplication Tools Technical 6 Staff Training (Short and Long Term) Business Practice 7 Total Cost of Ownership – Do customers know cost? Budget 8 Metrics Budget 9 Shared File Access GIS 10 Legislative Process Budget 11 Technical Alignment with Business Technical 12 Data Duplication GIS 11 Workshop Prioritized Solutions Short Term ( 0-12 months) Priority Solutions Topics Long Term (> 12 months) 1 Provide Budget Metrics Visibility Budget Long Term Use low cost Network Attached Storage (NAS) GIS 2 instead of SAN, where applicable Short Term Implement/Modify Tape Backup Strategies 3 (Currently represents 62% of storage) Technical Long Term 4 Establish Enterprise Access to Data (Shared service) Technical Short Term Business 5 Gain Active Executive Support (SDC Agency Directors) Practice Long Term 6 Apply SDC Lower Cost Offerings Budget Long Term 7 Deploy De-Duplication Strategy for Backups Technical Long Term Execute Intra-Agency Agreements on Shared GIS GIS 8 Data Short Term Comply with State Archivist Agency Retention Business 9 Policies/Guidelines Practice Long Term Implement Enterprise Training Best Practices Business 12 10 Program Practice Long Term Common Strategic Data Storage Cost Reduction Timeline Prep Final Report Synchronous Work Workshop Due Nov 22, 2010 Action Plan Implementation Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Short Term (<= 12 Mo.) Long Term (> 12 Mo.) 1) Budget Metrics Visibility Executive Sensing 2) GIS Shared Storage Environment Sessions 3) Backup Tape Strategies Workshop Preparation 4) Enterprise Access to Data 1 ½ Days Synchronous 5) Executive Support Workshop 6) SDC Lower Cost Offerings 7) De-Duplication 8) GIS Strategy for Backups Management Opportunity Enterprise is 9) Agency Retention Guidelines here 10) Enterprise Training Program 2010 2011 2012 13 2013 Next Steps • Finalize Enterprise Data Storage Action Plan - Due date for Final Report with cost/benefit analysis -- Nov 22, 2010 - Include workshop SMEs (subject area experts from Agencies and SDC). • Communicate Progress - to State of Oregon Executive Technology Committees ODOT Central Services Management October 21 SDC Directors Advisory Board October 25 CIO Management Council October 27 ODOT GIS Steering Committee November 15 CIO Council November 16 Oregon Geographical Information Council December 15 (OGIC) 14 Acknowledgements Synchronous Workshop Expert Staff & Support SDC Representatives Agency Subject Matter Experts Darin Rand, Plans & Controls Mgr Lloyd Lowry, ODOC CIO Gary Kreiger, Storage Mgr Lisa Martinez, ODOT Manager David Denson, Storage Lead Jennifer McGarvin, DHS Technician Wayne Smith, Architect David Mather, DAS GIS Administrator ODOT Internal Team Barbara Jensen Kelsey Giltz Pam Bernard Brad Hoeren Lorie Cruce Jazzmin Reece Susan Kuang Jonathan Jackson 15 Enterprise Data Storage Cost Reduction Synchronous Workshop Common vision required to address Sense of Urgency This presentation was supported by: Business Analyst Interns of the Oregon Department of Transportation 16 For more information contact Ben Berry at [ email@example.com ]
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Simple Gifts
By John Leavitt
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Simple Gifts arranged by John Leavitt. Choir Secular. 2-Part Choir. Choral Octavo. New Directions Choral Series. Secular. Grade 1. Choral Octavo. 8 pages. Published by Alfred Music (AP.SV9227).
This setting of the well-known Shaker tune can only be described as delightfully fresh. The two-part vocals feature dialoging, giving both parts the opportunity to sing this beautiful melody. John's dance-like accompaniment is superbly supportive.
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Simple Gifts
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More by this Arranger: John Leavitt Sheet Music John Leavitt Choir Sheet Music John Leavitt 2-Part Sheet Music
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Foundation Application Hosting Environment (FAHE) is hosted at CGI's South Wales facilities.
10:03, March 24 2015
Foundation Application Hosting Environment (FAHE) is hosted at CGI's South Wales facilities.
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Awarded EU Code of Conduct participant status.
12:03, March 25 2015
RE Series racks are also suited to network and closet applications.
09:03, March 24 2015
Big Blue has not yet commented on how it will use the technology.
08:03, March 24 2015
SCC revenues soared 25% last year with Hampshire data centre acquisition.
10:03, March 23 2015
Level 3 PoP has been deployed at the new LDeX2 data centre.
10:03, March 23 2015
OpenPOWER Foundation members Google, IBM, NVIDIA, and Mellanox have all helped bring the products to market.
08:03, March 20 2015
Chinese giant also announced a new partnership with Grupogiro Power Solutions.
08:03, March 20 2015
Crown Hosting Data Centres aims to provide a cross-government approach on physical storage.
16:03, March 19 2015
New solutions will extend capabilities of F5 Synthesis framework.
14:03, March 19 2015
VMware adds to its existing EU data centres.
14:03, March 18 2015
Oracle's Dermot O'Kelly dispels common misconceptions about cloud platforms and discusses how to choose the right one.
13:03, March 26 2015
Martin Casado, SVP & GM of VMware's network and security business unit, argues that the debate over software-defined networks is over.
16:03, March 25 2015
What went wrong and what can be learnt from recent Apple Pay problems? Tony Larks, ThreatMetrix, investigates.
16:03, March 25 2015
Building a business around subscriptions is not as simple as it sounds.
16:03, March 25 2015
Following Edward Snowden's appearance at CeBIT 2015 - James Nunns questions if people are fatigued by security issues.
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Is ERP still able to deliver value? Is ERP still a worthy investment?
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Ed Wrazen of Trillium Software looks at data quality in Big Data.
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Julia Hudson dispels the cyber risks surrounding smart meters.
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From Unix to Linux, to Hadoop to CloudFoundry.
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This year's disruptive technologies – and how to stop them de-stabilising your organisation.
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Ian Wells of Veeam Software explains both the threats caused by a lack of availability and the immediate actions organisations can take to address it.
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GALLIPOLIS — State troopers covering Gallia and Meigs counties arrested more than 240 people during all of 2014 for impaired driving, according to statistics provided by OSHP office in Columbus.
RIO GRANDE — Barring any further calamity from the winter storm currently slamming the Ohio Valley, the seventh annual Southeast Ohio Tourism and Business Expo planned for Saturday is still moving forward.
COLUMBUS — The Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation and Ohio Board of Regents say Ohio University has been awarded a $245,000 research grant to improve workplace safety.
OHIO VALLEY — Ohio Valley Home Health Recognizes March 6 as National Lymphedema Awareness Day
GALLIPOLIS — The Gallia County Board of Commissioners on Thursday morning passed an emergency declaration that basically directs residents to abide by all local directives during the current Level 3 snow advisory.
GALLIPOLIS — Holzer Assisted Living-Gallipolis on Tuesday hosted members of the Gallipolis Lions Club.
GALLIPOLIS — The seventh annual Holzer Heart Run & Walk is slated for April 25. The course provides a scenic view of Gallipolis and will include: 5k walk/run, 1 mile walk/run, kids fun run and a stroller class. Awards will be...
OHIO VALLEY — Some U.S. soldiers returning from deployment will soon be receiving warm, cozy quilts, thanks to the efforts of 30 Mason County women.
MEIGS COUNTY — A recent car and foot chase ended in an arrest Tuesday afternoon.
POINT PLEASANT, W.Va. — Five Marshall Health surgeons have joined the staff as part of an expansion of Pleasant Valley Surgical Associates.
BIDWELL — While the forecast predicted sleet, nothing fell during the official opening of Love's Travel Center, near the Ohio 850/U.S. 35 interchange.
HUNTINGTON, W.Va. — The work of Ian Hagarty, Marshall University's associate professor of painting, is being featured at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah, until April 10 in an exhibition titled "Pure Paint for Now...
OHIO VALLEY — Some U.S. soldiers returning from deployment will soon be receiving warm, cozy quilts, thanks to the efforts of 30 Mason County women.
POINT PLEASANT, W.Va. — The Mason County Adult Drug Court conducted its second graduation Feb. 27.
HARMAN, W.Va. — West Virginians wanting "In God We Trust" on a specialty vehicle license plate are running out of time to make that statement a displayable reality.
Jared Borg, on behalf of Josh Mandel, state treasurer of Ohio, presented Buckeye Hills Career Center a congratulatory letter because of the Center's dedication to career-technical training and outstanding contribution to manufacturing and...
HUNTINGTON, W.Va. — A Gallia County man was sentenced Monday to 15 months in federal prison for selling and distributing heroin to an undercover officer.
GALLIPOLIS — Holzer Health System recently hosted the Volunteer Chaplains Association's annual meeting and appreciation luncheon.
HUNTINGTON, W.Va. — Dr. Joe William Trotter, a prominent scholar and native West Virginia, will speak at Marshall University Tuesday, March 10, on the topic "Coal, Class, and Color: The African American History of the Southern American...
RIO GRANDE — In honor of Vocational Education week, the diversified health occupations class hosted Mentor Week.
GALLIPOLIS — Nichole Lizak, a 2014 graduate of Gallipolis Career College, has been hired as an administrative assistant by MPW Industrial Services in Hebron, Ohio, doing work at the General James M. Gavin Power Plant in Cheshire.
GALLIPOLIS — In February 2014, Valerie Thomas and Kelsey Spangler established the Gallia County Artisan market to provide an opportunity for Gallia County artisans to exhibit and sell their creations, as well as provide a unique shopping...
BIDWELL — Holzer's third "Go Red for Women Heart Health" luncheon conducted Thursday at The Gathering Place in Bidwell encouraged awareness of heart disease among women of all ages.
OHIO VALLEY — The USDA's Risk Management Agency reminds producers in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio that the final date to purchase or modify crop insurance coverage on most insurable spring-planted crops is March 15.
If Ted Strickland's life and career represent anything, it's a lesson in perseverance.
Location, ST | website.com
|Gallipolis Gas Prices provided by GasBuddy.com


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Manufacturer: Dixieland Saddle
Category: Trail Saddles
Purchase: Purchased through E-Bay on a buy-it-now for $1079 plus $69 shipping. Brand new with lots of upgrades that allowed me to save hundreds!!!From Dixieland Saddles of Lexington, Alabama.
Likes: The quality of workmanship is totally amazing!! Very detailed precision work! Stitching & tooling are perfect! Beautiful mahogany colored with black seat, horn & endurance stirrups. Keep it in new condition & try it for 14 days risk free, just pay return shipping!
Dislikes: NOTHING!
Quality: The leather is top quality! It has extra padding in the seat for a comfy ride. I prefer the Cheyenne roll & this came with it. It is a flex tree & wide to fit my gaited mare. I also like the butterfly cut for a close contact ride. The latigo's are nice & long. The felt lining in place of sheepskin is a definite plus as I believe there's more padding for the horse. It also has a 3 point rigging to allow the horse more freedom of movement at the girth area.
Summary: Final comment. You will not regret purchasing a Dixieland Saddle! The owner is super helpful & there to answer any of your questions. Also they ship fast!!
Rating: 5
Author: Merri D
Date: 2012-01-27
Usefulness Rating: 2.28571 out of 5.
7 reader(s) voted.
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NEW ORLEANS (AP) — CeeLo was looking for a little New Orleans action. David Gregory was taking the weekend off from "Meet the Press." And Paul McCartney was hanging out at a party that included Pitbull and Flo Rida.
It was a rich and eclectic mix of stars of all wattages on Friday night, as partying got under way in earnest before Sunday's big game.
CeeLo was the featured performer at ESPN Magazine's "Next" party, which had a guest list that included Michael Phelps, NASCAR driver Kyle Busch, Kelly Rowland, Anthony Mackie, Jeremy Piven, Josh Hutcherson, and current and former football players like Emmitt Smith, Cris Carter, DeSean Jackson.
CeeLo performed with his old rap clique Goodie Mobb: The group, which was an offshoot of OutKast before CeeLo became a solo hit, is coming out with a new album later this year. Though the ESPN party was the main event of his night, he made it clear it would not be his only one: "New Orleans has got a lot to offer, I may get into a little trouble."
The stars were spread out across New Orleans: McCartney gave a rock royalty air to the Rolling Stone party, which featured performances by Flo Rida and Pitbull and guests that included Chace Crawford and Sofia Vergara.
At Audi's Super Bowl lounge, Will Ferrell, Jeremy Renner and Olivia Munn mingled, and Playboy attracted Neil Patrick Harris, David Arquette and others. Back at the ESPN party, Gregory, a Redskins fan, admitted to playing hooky from his weekly political show for the big game.
Continue reading this story on the...


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ANAHEIM - As the Ducks' wild rollercoaster ride of a season continues, so, too, do the wild trade rumors.
The most prominent name mentioned most often in recent weeks is Chris Pronger, especially in rampant speculation by Canadian media.
"I'm very aware of that," Pronger said after the Ducks' 3-2 overtime victory against Calgary on Wednesday night at Honda Center. "I get a lot of calls on that. Many calls. Many text messages."
The Pronger rumors first surfaced in late January, after Ducks general manager Bob Murray hinted personnel changes could be forthcoming if the team didn't start playing better. They were revived earlier this week by the Toronto Sun, which cited "reports out of Orange County" that Pronger still might be traded.
If the Ducks drop from serious playoff contention before the March 4 trading deadline, anything is possible. That perhaps explains published reports that Pronger could be reunited with Toronto general manager Brian Burke, who acquired Pronger from Edmonton when he was the Ducks GM. It is more likely, however, he would go to a Cup contender if he were traded.
There also have been reports the New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia Flyers are interested in adding an experienced defenseman for the stretch run, and Ducks captain Scott Niedermayer's name also has come up.
Pronger has one more year left on his contract, at $6.25 million in 2009-10. Niedermayer will be an unrestricted free agent after this season, if he doesn't retire. They would be the team's most valuable commodities if the Ducks decided to become "sellers" before the deadline.
Pronger sounded more amused than concerned by the speculation.
"I think it's just a by-product of looking at our team and seeing we're up and down, not having as good a season as they (expected)," Pronger said. "There's been a couple of (newspaper) articles saying we may blow up the team or may not.
"People start trying to read too much into it and throw out a lot of names. Like a wet towel; throw it against the wall and see if it sticks."
So it doesn't bother him?
"It's not the first time my name's been involved in trade rumors," Pronger said, grinning. "If you worried about every time your name was in trade rumors, you wouldn't be able to play the game."
Telltale trip: We'll probably find out in the next two weeks if the Ducks are legitimate playoff contenders.
By winning back-to-back games against Calgary (68 points), the Ducks (61 points) temporarily moved into fifth in the Western Conference playoff race. But the Ducks have played more games than their principal West rivals, and only two points separated fifth and eighth in the playoff chase going into Friday's action.
That means there is a sense of urgency to win home games Sunday against Atlanta and Wednesday against the Kings before embarking on a challenging six-game, 12-day trip that could make or break their season. Significantly, the road swing includes games against Detroit, Boston, Chicago and Dallas - and ends one day before the trade deadline.


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