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this might seem stupid or irrelevant but problem is: I want to make aa button, which is going to share the url and title on facebook(and/or twitter) directly. I mean, without visiting the standard share window of facebook.
As another option, I thought about: when you click on a share button, facebook and/or twitter share windows are opened. I want to include those windows in a single one. however when I use iframes, I face two empty borders. along with those two frames I would like to add a button, when clicked, the url will be shared on both fb and twitter. are those possible or allowed? if so how may I do this. please help me I'm so stuck


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I wondered how long it was going to be before a person that obviously enjoys inserting his index finger into his nasal cavity to extract human waste, would display completely off- topic, ignorance.
As a lefty, I find that the safety levers are sometime on the wrong side of the gun. Glock corrects that mistake by putting the safeties inside where they belong.
To each his own, but why not just get one of those XD's with the manual safety?http://www.springfield-armory.com/xd.php?version=135
Just seems like somebody coverting their Civic to RWD or something. Have fun modding.
Dead Bears, the only good kind.
Awesome idea. When you're done with that upgrade you should add a zipper to your underpants. Never be too careful! :-)
In god we trust, all others we monitor...
I have that exact same safety on my G19. I dont really like it and I never use it. I only bought it because I got a decent deal on the Glock.
Looking back, I wish that I never bought it because sometimes its directly in the way of my thumb placement while shooting.
But, it does work very well.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lakes limestone trade up nearly 19 percent in 2010
Shipments of limestone on the Great Lakes totaled 1,039,924 tons in December, an increase of 37.7 percent compared to a year ago, reports the Lakes Carriers' Association (LCA).
However, the trade was down more than 40 percent compared to the month's five-year average, according to LCA.
For the year, the Great Lakes limestone trade totaled 27.9 million tons, an increase of 18.6 percent compared to 2009. Shipments from U.S. stone quarries rose 20 percent to 22.3 million tons. Loadings at Canadian quarries increased 13.4 percent to 5.5 million tons.
2010's rebound was not enough to restore the stone trade to previous levels. Shipments were 16.3 percent off the trade's five-year average, and nearly 30 percent below the volume recorded in 2006.
From our partners
Sandvik's new mobile QS441 "S" type cone crusher
The "S" type gyratory cone crusher has proven itself in stationary applications…


text:
A backup of the Rom would also do.
I've searched online, all I can find is WWE for different regions, I don't think mine was specific to any region, or if it was, it's Australia. I have also found some (including the one on idroidspace) which was from a carrier, so had some modifications. Mine wasn't specific to a carrier.
If a moderator want's to move this under one v q&a, please do, I'm not sure how to.
Edit: My cid is the Australia one HTC_023
Last edited by tzzeri; 4th September 2014 at 01:02 PM.


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Yankee Hilll Machine Free Float Tube Handguard Barrel Nut Aluminum Matte
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Factory replacement barrel nut for all Yankee Hill Machine free float tube handguards.
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text:
Intravesical electromotive administration of specified dye substances for localisation and treatment of occult bladder cancers, is disclosed. Innocuous dye substances will provide differential staining of cancerous and normal urothelium; and anticancer dye substances will demonstrate differential staining and also initiate therapy of cancerous lesions. The addition of vasodilating agents will accentuate the differential staining and further promote therapy of the cancerous sites.
1. A method for localisation of occult cancerous sites of tissues of a bladder, which comprises introducing into the bladder an electrically conductive aqueous solution comprising at least a physiologically acceptable dye substance, positioning in contact with said solution within the bladder a treatment electrode connected to a controllable electrical current source, positioning outside the bladder on a convenient area of skin a dispersive electrode also connected to said controllable electric current source, feeding an electrical current to the electrodes to obtain an electromotive delivery of said dye substance to the bladder tissues with a selectively greater absorption thereof in cancerous tissues, and viewing the bladder by endoscopic means to locate greater dye absorption areas.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said dye substance is selected from the group consisting of methylene blue, toluidine blue, Evans blue and gentian violet, each in the form of an ionizable salt thereof.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said dye substance is contained in said solution at a concentration ranging from about 0.01% to about 0.1%.
4. A method according to claim 2, wherein said electrical current has an intensity of about 5-15 mA and is applied for about 3-10 minutes.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said dye substance is selected from anticancer dye drugs, whereby both a localisation and treatment of cancerous sites of the bladder is achieved.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein said anticancer drug is selected from: doxorubicin, epirubicin, mitoxantrane and mitomycin C.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said anticancer dye drug is doxorubicin, epirubicin or mitoxantrane, each in an ionizable salt form.
8. A method according to claim 6, wherein said anticancer dye drug is mitomycin C in a non-ionizable form mixed and wherein said anticancer dye drug is mixed in an electrolyte solution of an osmolarity in the range of about 100 to 310 mosM.
9. A method according to claims 7 or 8 wherein said electrical current has an intensity of about 15-20 mA and is applied for about 15-20 minutes.
10. A method according to claim 5, wherein said anticancer dye drug is used in said solution at a concentration ranging from about 0.04% to about 0.1%.
11. A method according to claim 5 wherein the voltage of the electrical current source is maintained in a range of from about 20 to about 60 volts during the electromotive drug delivery, thereby further achieving an electrocoagulation of said cancerous sites.
12. A method according to claim 1, wherein a volume of about 100 to 400 ml of said dye solution is introduced into the bladder.
13. A method according to claim 1, wherein said solution of said dye substance is preliminarily heated to a temperature in the range of about 39 C.-43 C.
14. A method according to claim 1, wherein said dye solution also comprises an agent having a vasodilating effect.
15. A method according to claim 14, wherein said agent with a vasoldilating effect is selected from a group consisting of papaverine, guanethidine, verapamil, clonidine, prazosin, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, their physiologically acceptable salts and their mixtures.
16. A method according to claim 14 wherein said agent with vasoldilating effect is selected from lidocaine and mepivacaine.
17. A method according to claim 1, wherein said aqueous solution further comprises physiologically acceptable electrolytes having osmolarities ranging from about 100 to about 310 mosM.
18. A method according to claim 17, wherein said electrolytes are selected from a group consisting of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3, ##STR1## lactate and their mixtures.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the diagnosis of cancer. In particular, this invention describes electromotive administration of dye substances into the bladder wall, with and without vasodilatation, for the localisation, or localisation and treatment, of occult cancerous sites in persons with diagnosed cancer of the bladder.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Bladder Cancer
Origins: Cancer of the bladder is usually multifocal in nature with malignant changes in normal tissues appearing in multiple sites. This situation has given rise to two schools of thought: 1) bladder cancer is multiclonal in origin or; 2) it is monoclonal in nature with facilitated spread laterally through bladder tissues and/or dispersion of viable cancer cells throughout the bladder cavity to seed at other sites. The -merits of these two hypotheses are still unresolved but, whichever is correct, the important aspect related to this invention is the frequent occurrence of multiple tumors at different sites within the bladder wall.
Treatment of Bladder Cancer: Following diagnosis of bladder cancer, there are three mainstays of therapy.
1. Transurethral Resection (TUR) where an endoscope is inserted into the bladder, sites of cancerous tissue are located visually and then resected and cauterised using an electrically heated wire loop. Patients return to operating rooms on a regular schedule and any subsequent cancers are also treated by TUR, a repetitive series of events that often goes on for years. The most appealing aspect of this particular therapy is that there is very little morbidity: patients are performing their usual activities the next day and the resected areas of bladder tissue are fully healed in 7-10 days.
2. Radiotherapy is often employed when tumor penetration is too deep for successful TUR and there are debilitating long term side effects caused by generalised inflammation of the pelvic region.
3. Operative procedures include the rare partial cystectomy and the more common total cystectomy (bladder removal). This latter procedure constitutes major debilitating surgery and also mandates some form of urinary diversion.
In addition to the above treatments, anticancer drugs are sometimes used either systemically, or by local instillation into the bladder. Administered systemically these drugs have dangerous side effects, sometimes causing death, and when administered locally into the bladder, many expected benefits do not materialize because of the physiological functions of the bladder itself.
Pathology of Bladder Cancer: The great majority of bladder cancers are described as transitional cell carcinomas arising from the normal transitional cell epithelium (urothelium) lining the interior of the bladder wall. The degree of penetration (spread) of these tumors is graded conventionally, Ta T1 T2 T3 T4, with Ta being the most superficial and T4 extending through and beyond the bladder wall into outlying tissues, as shown in FIG. 1. This Figure is a view of a longitudinal section of the bladder with the surrounding tissues. In particular the inner tissue is the urothelium (2), the second is the lamina propria (3) the third is the muscularis tissue (4) and the outermost is the perivescical tissue (5).
Malignant classification is also conventional, with G1 being the most benign and G3, G4 the most anaplastic and rapidly spreading. Hicks et al. (The ultrastructure and chemistry of the luminal plasma membrane of the mammalian urinary bladder: a structure with low permeability to water and ions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond (Biol). 1974; 268:23-38); demonstrated that cancer cells, both singly and in groups, display greater permeability to water and solutes than do the normal cells from which they arise; and the more anaplastic the cancer, the greater the permeability.
When viewed through an endoscope, many cancers may appear as papillomatous growths extending into the bladder cavity, as ulcers eroding the bladder wall or as combinations of the two. On direct viewing with an endoscope, flat (endophytic) cancers are often missed and carcinoma in situ (CIS) (6) which consists of discrete clumps of cancer cells buried in normal tissue, is almost always missed.
Blood Supply: Pertinent to this invention is the blood supply to cancerous tissue. As tumors grow they simply push normal blood vessels to one side and generate their own blood vessels by a process termed "angiogenesis". These new blood vessels are distinctly abnormal and form an interlacing network that becomes more abnormal the more anaplastic the cancers, and they take on the appearance of a series of interconnected lagoons in the highly malignant G3 and G4 tumor types. All of these abnormal blood vessels are of more or less fixed diameter, so that blood flow rate (QB) through these same vessels responds to pressure changes only and is not responsive to the variety of physical (hot and cold) and chemical (drugs) agents that dilate and constrict normal blood vessels. Thus it is possible to vary, in a controlled manner, the differential in blood flow (Δ QB) between cancerous tissue and surrounding normal tissues by selective application for one or more vaso-active physical or chemical agents.
As long as visual detection remains the method of chaise for localisation of abnormal (Pre malignant or malignant) urothelium, the best way of improving detection rates is by selective staining of abnormal sites so that the viewer may select these regions by their color differences from normal surrounding tissues. This obvious need did not escape the attention of previous investigators.
Kelly et al (Hermatoporphyrin derivative: possible aid in the diagnosis and therapy of carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol. 1976; 115:150-151); described the use of a hematoporphyrin derivative for detection and phototherapy of bladder cancer. Gill et al (1981, 1983, 1984, 1987; Selective surface staining of bladder tumors by intravesical methylene blue with enhanced endoscopic identification. Cancer. 1984; 53:2724-2727) demonstrated that certain dye substances gained entry into the abnormally permeable cancer cells and remained "fixed" in the cells' interiors. These same investigators showed that 92% of their subjects (patients) demonstrated selective staining of bladder tumors. But they did not evaluate how many of these cancers would have been detected by conventional viewing through a cystoscope without staining of tissues. Mufti et al (Diagnosis of clinically occult bladder cancer by in vivo staining with methylene blue. Br J Urol. 1990; 65:173-175) provided a more sober assessment when they noted that only half the stained sites that they biopsied revealed abnormalities in the urothelium. Almost all dye substances reported by Gill et al and Mufti et al are strongly ionised in the pH range 5-7 units, the most common range for bladder contents (urine). Mishina et al. (Absorption of anticancer drugs through bladder epithelium. Urology. 1986; 27:148-157), point out that passive permeation of solutes into the urothelium bears an inverse relationship to the degree of ionisation, the partition coefficient between lipids and water and molecular size. These same investigators also concluded that the penetration of methylene blue in rat bladders with cancer was similar in both cancerous and in normal urothelium.
Such approaches based on passive permeation of colored solutes did not find acceptance in every day urological practice because of some eminently practical reasons:
1. Damage of any sort to the bladder mucosa, be it previous radiotherapy/chemotherapy, infection, or even mechanical trauma caused by overfilling with the dye itself, all give rise to false positive stains.
2. Conversely, underfilling the bladder results in non uniform contact between the dye and bladder mucosa resulting in false negative areas of non-staining.
3. Meeting the conflicting requirements of staining (pre) cancerous mucosa and non staining of normal urothelium is rendered even more uncertain by the physiological function of the bladder itself.
4. The passive permeation revealed an overall low efficacy of penetration and staining of the bladder tissues.
The bladder is a receptacle for bodily waste products and it functions so that this waste can be eliminated at times of choice. Intuitively it can be reasoned that the waste products are not reabsorbed to any significant extent during their residence time in the bladder, a fact that has been demonstrated by Hicks et al and other investigators. The physiological function of urothelium is such that significant absorption (or reabsorption) of even the smallest solutes is very limited. The concentration of a drug and/or a dye substance, its time of residence, lipophilicity, hydrophilicity, the degree of ionisation and the size of the particular molecule, all play roles. In fact, control of drug delivery into the bladder wall by the standard method, passive diffusion, is limited to varying the concentration of the agent, the volume instilled and the duration of contact with the bladder mucosa. The effect of the remaining variables is assumed from either clinical experience or educated guess work or both.
Essentially, control of delivery of dyes into the bladder wall for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes is very limited. It would be desireable to introduce an additional, controllable variable that dominates the effects of all those mentioned. The inventors found that by using an Electromotive Drug Delivery technology, this goal can be achieved.
Electromotive Drug Delivery (EMDD) involves the transfer of solutes (drugs) into the body by an electromotive force. The term "electromotive delivery" comprises two distinct physical processes: Iontophoresis and Electrophoresis. Iontophoresis: Iontophoresis is the active of transport of ionic molecules into tissue by the passage of an electric current through a solution containing the molecules to be delivered, using an electrode of appropriate polarity, as described by Stillwell. (Electrical stimulation and iontophoresis. In: Krussen F. H., ed. Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. St. Louis Mo.: W. B. Saunders Company, 1971:2-Chap 14).
1. All drugs must be in ionized form and in aqueous solution (water, hydrogel).
2. Positively charged drug ions are repelled from the anode and negatively charged drug ions are repelled from the cathode, into underlying tissues.
3. Ionic transport of a solute in an electric field is described by the Nernst-Planck equation which states that: when a concentration gradient and electric field both exist, the ionic flux is the linear sum of the fluxes that would arise from each effect alone. (Planck, Keister et al: Planck M. uber die erregung von elektrizitat und warme in Elektrolyten Ann Phys Chem. 1890; 39:161-186. Keister J. C. et al. Ionic mass transport through a homogenous membrane in the presence of a uniform electric field. J Membrane Sci. 1986; 29:155-167). ##EQU1## where Di is the diffusion coefficient, ΔCi is the ionic concentration difference over a distance x, z is the valency and e the electron charge of the ion, E the electric field, k Boltzmann's constant and T is the absolute temperature.
4. Petelenz et al (U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,685) teach that electrical transport of a specific ion is proportional to the product of the concentration, the mobility, and the charge (valency) of the particular ion; and inversely proportional to the concentrations, mobilities and valencies of all other ions in solution.
Electrophoresis: Iontophoresis is associated with increased transport of water: as ions are driven into tissues by coulombic repulsion, each is accompanied by a hydration shell, a slight but significant movement of water which is termed electro-osmosis. In turn, this movement of water induces and enhances penetration of soluble, non electrolytes associated with the hydrations shells, a phenomenon that, for the purposes of this invention, is termed electrophoresis: solvent drag sums up the situation succintly. Measurements of its effect with the non-ionized drug, idoxuridine, and the negatively charged dexamethasone phosphate (which was transported into tissues against its coulombic gradient) were undertaken by Gangerosa et al. (Iontophoretic assistance of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine penetration into neonatal mouse skin and effects on DNA synthesis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Ned. 1977; 154:439-443) and Glass et al. (The quantity and distribution of radiolabelled dexamethasone delivered to tissues by iontophoresis. International Journal of Dermatology. 1980; 19:519-525).
Realising the theoretical potential of electromotive drug delivery into the bladder for therapy of certain diseases, the inventors, Lugnani et al, (Iontophoresis of drugs in the bladder wall: equipment and preliminary studies. Submitted to Artificial Organs (AO). February 1992; Studio sperimentale sulla iontoforesi in vesciche di cadavere mediante sostanze coloranti. Accepted for publication in Proceedings Ital Urol Congress. June 1992); conducted an initial series of investigations in 10 cadaveric bladders. FIG. 2 demonstrates the experimental design in which two sealed cups, control (7) and experimental (8) each containing the same dye (9) were applied simultaneously; an active electrode (10) was inserted in the bladder and a dispersive electrode (11) was positioned to a convenient area of the external tissue. Electric current was applied to the experimental electrode (8) and no current was applied to the control cup (7). After 10 minutes the appropriate sections of bladder were washed with distilled water and examined by direct vision and then by light microscopy to assess the depth of dye penetration. The dyes used were methylene blue, gentian violet, doxorubicin (all positively charged) and indigo carmine (negatively charged). With all control tests there was some light, patchy staining of the outermost layers of epithelium. In sharp contrast, application of electric current resulted in deep, even penetration of all dyes tested through full thickness urothelium and often into the underlying lamina propria and muscularis tissues. Cadaveric tissue is always more permeable than its living counterpart and the inventors were reasonably certain that the differences in passive and electromotive dye delivery in living persons would have been even more distinctive. However, at the time of these experiments, Lugnani et al did not realize the potentialities offered by electromotive delivery of dyes for selectively localizing cancerous tissues, especially occult cancerous tissues.
Reliable simple techniques for localisation of occult bladder cancers are a high priority in the field of urology. This need is given emphasis in a recent editorial by Harris et al (Bladder cancer-field versus clonal origin. N Eng J Med. 1992; 326 (11): 759-761); who discuss the mounting evidence in favor of a monoclonal origin of bladder cancer and its subsequent early spread. Techniques aimed at exploiting abnormalities in cancer tissue by differential dye staining have been reported and results were decidedly mixed, with complete, partial and no success being reported. Perhaps the most reliable guide to these conflicting results is that the technique(s) has not been adopted in day-today urological practice although it has been available for more than 15 years.
Electromotive drug delivery is a century old art that is now emerging as a science. In essence, this technology provides accelerated, controllable drug delivery across biological membranes and into underlying tissues; particularly valuable attributes in transporting solutes into impermeable tissues such as the urothelium of the bladder.
It is a principal object of the invention to provide a novel method for localization of occult cancer of the bladder.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such a method which permits reliable and efficacious detection of said cancerous regions by visual inspection through an endoscope.
It is another object of the invention to provide such a method which, in addition to permitting detection of said cancerous regions, also provides therapy therefore.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a method as stated above also permitting an additional thermal coagulation therapy of cancerous sites.
It is also an object of the invention to enhance the reliability of a diagnostic and therapeutic method as stated above by providing means which enhance a selective localization of cancerous sites.
The above and other objects are achieved by a method for localisation of occult cancerous sites in the bladder, which comprises introducing into the bladder an electrically conductive aqueous solution comprising at least a physiologically acceptable dye substance, positioning in contact with said solution within the bladder a treatment electrode connected to a controllable source of electrical current, positioning outside the bladder on a convenient area of skin a dispersive electrode also connected to said controllable source of electric current, feeding electrical current to the electrodes whereby obtaining an electromotive delivery of said dye to the bladder tissues with a selectively greater absorption thereof in cancerous tissues and viewing the bladder by endoscopic means to locate cancerous sites.
In accordance with the process of the present invention, a water based solution containing ionized dye substances or non-ionized dye substances and ionized electrolytes is introduced into the bladder, a treatment electrode placed in a catheter is inserted into the bladder and a dispersive electrode is placed on the skin of the subject. A voltage differential is then applied to the treatment and dispersive electrodes with the polarity of the treatment electrode determined by the electrical charge of the instilled dye substances. As a result, dye substances are preferentially administered into cancerous regions. Visual identification of cancerous areas is further enhanced by increasing the elimination rate of dye substances from normal urothelium, which objective is achieved by heating the dye containing instillation fluid to 39� C.-43� C. or by intravesical instillation of the drugs having vasodilating effects such as lidocaine, mepivacaine, papaverine, guanethidine, verapamil, clonidine, prazosin, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine.
According to a further embodiment by voltage control of the strength of the electrical field within the intravescical dye solutions, the current densities applied to cancerous areas for the administration of dyes are additionally increased whereby an electro-thermal coagulation of the localised cancerous sites is also achieved.
FIG. 1 is a view of a longitudinal section of a bladder showing schematically the known degree of penetration of tumors in the bladder wall.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art comparative experiment showing a bladder wall to which a dye is applied through an iontophoretic method in comparison with a control bladder wall to which a dye is applied through a non-electromotive delivery. In this experiment no cancerous areas and no selective dye delivery have been involved.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bladder to which the method of localization of cancerous sites of the present invention is applied.
The genesis of this invention arose from the collation of five phenomena which are:
1. The inherent physiological limitations imposed upon earlier attempts to localize bladder cancers by-differential staining techniques using passive diffusion.
2. The discovery of the fact that the physical principles of EMDD, which imply preferential channeling of electric current into abnormal cancerous regions, enhance differential dye staining.
3. The exploitation of a normally undesirable side effect of EMDD: thermal damage to tissues (burning), in order to achieve thermal coagulation.
4. The exploitation of abnormalities in vessels supplying and draining blood to cancerous tissue further to accentuate the staining differential.
5. The realization that certain potent anti cancer drugs are colored substances that may be used both for localisation and treatment of bladder cancers.
In accordance with the present invention, novel processes are disclosed for the localisation and treatment of occult cancers of the bladder which are characterized by the relatively large, but difficult to detect, flat endophytic lesions or by much smaller clumps of malignant and premalignant cells. Cancer of the bladder is a potentially lethal condition with cancer cells prone to seed throughout the bladder and eventually spread to other parts of the body. Random biopsies ("bladder mapping") are routinely employed to monitor the course of the disease but abnormal areas of tissue frequently remain undetected
Pertinent to this invention are the electrical properties of the mammalian body, in which Suckling (Bioelectricity. MCGraw - Hill. New York, N.Y. 1961) depicted numerous electrical resistances both in series and in parallel. Watkins (A manual of electrotherapy 3rd edn. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia, Pa., 1968), showed that electrical conductivity of various tissues correlates with their water content, so that the stratum corneum of the skin with only 20% water (the physiological average is 70%) offers the highest impedance while bodily fluids, such as blood and urine, have the lowest impedance. Soft tissues, composed of multitudes of cells, present a more complex situation. Singer et al (The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science, 1972; 175:720); described the presently accepted model of the cell membrane which is composed of bilipid layers perforated at intervals by water channels of about 10 A� in diameter: intracellular channels. Similar intercellular water channels exist between cells and their diameter depends upon the type of tissue; between the closely packed urothelial cells, which form a virtual palisade lining the bladder cavity, the intercellular gaps are only about 15 A� in diameter, probably the narrowest of all tissues lining body cavities. All of these channels are of lower electrical resistance than the two lipid layers and will be subject to greater current density when electrical charge is applied.
Premalignant and malignant cells form tissues that are abnormal and which are served by a capricious blood supply. The majority of bladder cancers, both macrooscopically and microscopically, are "friable" with abnormally wide microscopic channels and visually detectable gaps in some areas. Thus, bladder cancers offer less electrical resistance than does normal urothelium. Referring to the Nernst - Planck equation, when an electric field is applied to an ionized dye substance within the bladder cavity, the marginally distinctive passive component of ionic flux, ##EQU2## will be greatly supplemented by the electrical component, ##EQU3## electrical current represented by ionic flux will funnel preferentially into the less resistive cancerous areas and differential dye staining between cancers and normal urothelium will be enhanced.
Nor do the advantages of EMDD end at this point. It is well known that inadvertent imposition of high current densities to small areas of skin lead to thermal tissue damage. (If the drug being applied is a local anesthetic agent, third degree burns may result, as one of the inventors can testify). Always regarded as the most undesirable (and expensive) complication of EMDD, this same complication becomes a therapy in accordance with the present invention: cancerous areas are submitted to higher current densities and may be thermally coagulated if the therapist so desires, which mimics standard effective treatment for cancer of the bladder (TUR). Also, voltage-controlled current sources are fast dissappearing because any tissue damage results in a drop in resistance which, in turn, brings about an increase in current strength (V═IR) and further tissue destruction. Again in accordance with this invention, this flaw in design becomes an attribute.
The well known therapeutic effect of heat upon cancers led the inventors to the concept of differential vasodilatation to aid in the selective localisation of bladder cancers. In the field of urology, the therapy is Mostly used for prostatic cancer employing expensive radiation machines. Servadio et al (Hyperthermia in the treatment of prostate cancer. The Prostate. 1981; 5:205-211), and the majority of investigators ascribe several reasons for the benefits of hyperthermia, with the most important one being: the pathological microcirculation of tumors prevents the--for normal tissues typical--heat distribution through vasodilatation. This results in a thermal load and subsequent tissue damage to the tumor.
Vasodilatation distributes more than heat. The basis of millions of injections given world wide every day is that the blood supply carries the drug away from its injection site to all, or most, bodily tissues: and the better the blood supply the faster the drug is relocated. An exactly analogous situation exists when dyes are instilled into a cancerous bladder whose blood supply to normal urothelium has been augmented by vasodilatation: dye is removed more rapidly from normal tissues than from cancerous tissues thereby accentuating the differential staining.
There are many ways to bring about localised vasodilatation. Application of electric current alone will do so; and not necessarily through a thermal mechanism. A wide variety of drugs also dilate normal blood vessels by many different mechanisms. Some, such as the narcotic agents heroin and morphine, obviously would not be used for this purpose but others with desireable effects are included in this invention and will be described subsequently.
The inventors have considerable experience with electromotive administration of drugs and dyes within the bladder. Referring to FIG. 3, a catheter containing a spiral electrode (12) is inserted into the bladder (13), a balloon (18) fixed on the external wall of the catheter is by means of a conduit (19), inflated to delimit and to isolate the organ, either entirely or partially. The bladder is drained, "washed" with distilled water to remove residual urine and its ionic specie, and then the drug/dye solution (17) of volume 100 ml or more is infused. The conductive, insulated wire (14) leading to the electrode is connected to a voltage source (15 ) which is also connected to a dispersive electrode (16) (not shown) sited on some convenient area of skin and then a selected electric current is applied for a selected time intervals, depending upon the dyes/drugs used and the specific purpose of each individual procedure. The power source is equipped with both current control means and voltage control means of known type, and the power source is also equipped to deliver constant DC and pulsed DC.
As stated hereinbefore using voltage control means (such as transistors, filters, etc.) when delivering anticancer dye substances with the method of the present invention an additional electrocoagulation treatment can be achieved. In fact, since the current will preferentially travel to lower resistive cancer areas, some electrical damage to these areas will occur whereby resistance will drop further. With a voltage controlled machine, the current will rise causing more tissue damage - and so on, so that an electrocoagulation with an anticancer drug will also be performed in this way. When using voltage control means the voltage is generally maintained of from 20 to 60 volts.
There are numerous dye substances available for clinical and investigative use but those selected for this invention either are therapeutically inert, but have proven visual merits for diagnostic purposes, or are also therapeutically active having been applied intravesically as chemotherapeutic agents. Such dye substances which can be used for clinical or therapeutical purposes will be indicated herein as physiologically acceptable dyes.
Innocuous Dye Substances: The various blue dyes have visual merit and avoid the problems caused by red-green color blindness which, to some degree, afflicts about 1/20 of the male population, presumably including urologists. The dyes of this hue chosen by the inventors are methylene blue, toluidine blue and Evan's blue. Of other dyes tested by the inventors, gentian violet is selected. All of these dyes are supplied as positively charged ions in salt form. In the case of the use of these dyes for diagnostic purposes only, the EMDD treatment is carried out by applying preferably a current of 5-15 mA for 3-10 minutes. When the dye salts are used in solution by themselves, without addition of further electrolytes, their delivery to the bladder tissues occurs by iontophoresis.
Anticancer Dye Substances: Doxorubicin and its close chemical relative, epirubicin, are colored red which is not so visually striking in bladder tissue as the blue dyes but they are both effective anticancer drugs. Doxorubicin has undergone extensive testing in cadaveric bladders by the inventors and color changes are quite distinguishable. Mitomycin C (MMC) is probably the most effective chemotherapeutic agent available for localised treatment of bladder cancer, it is a violet color and has been investigated. Mitoxantrane is both a powerful blue dye and a potent anticancer drug and is under investigation at this time of writing. Doxorubicin, epirubicin and mitoxantrone are positively charged and are available as salts, e.g. the hydrochloride salts. When such salts are administered without addition to the solution of further electrolytes the delivery mechanism is by iontophoresis. In the pH range of 5-7 units, MMC is largely non-ionised whereby the presence of ionized electrolytes is critically required in the dye solution and its delivery mechanism is by electrophoresis, as explained above. When these anti cancer dye-drugs are administered for both diagnosis and therapeutic purposes, a preferred range of current applied is of 15 to 20 mA for 15-20 minutes, in order to obtain maximum differential dye staining benefits and therapeutic effect.
The concentrations proposed for all of the dye substances are low, extending from 0.01% to 0.1%, preferably from 0.04 to 0.1%. In this range the passive diffusive component is minimised, whereas the electrical component of transport will be largely unaffected: the absolute concentration of dye is reduced but so is that of its counterion and, as taught by Petelenz et al, all other ions in solution compete for charge with the drug ion to be administered. The low concentrations of chemotherapeutic dyes select themselves. Levels greater than 0.1% carry the risk of severe bladder inflammation and possible systemic toxicity.
The investigators have knowledge of prior art involving all of these dye substances. Methylene blue has been widely employed to test various physiological functions. It has been administered by iontophoresis to demonstrate sites of drug penetration through the skin and, as stated previously, has been used as a localising agent for occult bladder cancers by passive permeation and seemed not to be selective. To the inventors' knowledge, no other investigators have used EMDD with any dye substances for the purpose of localising occult bladder cancers.
It is a major objective of this invention to cause selective vasodilatation of vasculature supplying normal urothelium so as to enhance elimination of dye substances from this tissue and so accentuate the increased dye staining of cancerous regions. Of the numerous physical and chemical agents capable of achieving this aim, the following few are selected.
Heat: Heating the dye solutions instilled into the bladder is a simple, effective method of causing maximum vasodilatation of normal urothelial vasculature. The effect will be short lived, about 5-8 minutes depending upon the volume infused, because of the very effective heat exchange mechanism provided by normal, dilated vasculature. Applied in this manner, this modest degree of hyperthermia will most likely have no direct anticancer effect, although, as Hahn has described, it may enhance the actions of the anticancer dyes included in this invention. A preferred heating temperature is from 39� to 43� C.
Drugs: The drugs selected for their vasodilating effects have specific attribues pertinent to this invention: all are positively charged ions so that they match polarities with the selected dyes, MMC excepted; none cause localized tissue irritation or damage; and, given in correct dosage, have very few systemic side effects.
Lidocaine (HC1) and mepivacaine (HC1) are the most common agents used to provide local anesthesia for surgical procedures. A sometimes annoying (to the surgeon) side effect of these two drugs is continous oozing of blood caused by vasodilatation brought about by blockade of the sympathetic nerve supply to the operative field. When these drugs are instilled into the bladder in 0.5%-1.0% solutions and an electric current is applied, they provide effective local anesthesia (Lugnani et al) and marked vasodilatation of normal urothelial vasculature (unpublished data).
Papaverine (HC1) is a well known vasodilator which achieves its effects by direct action on the walls of blood vessels. When used in strengths of 0.5%-1% with said dye solutions, papaverine will produce maximum vasodilatation of normal urothelial blood vessels.
Guanethidine (sulphate) has a biphasic effect. This drug causes massive release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve terminals which causes an initial vasoconstriction lasting 3-5 minutes, then the released nor epinephrine is metabolised, the depleted nerve terminals can no longer release sufficient quantities of this hormone to maintain normal vascular tone and vasodilatation, lasting some hours, ensues. Guanethidine 10-100 mg. added to said dye solutions to give concentrations up to 0.1% will produce these effects.
Verapamil (HC1) is a calcium channel blocker and the only one that is available in ionised solution. All of these drugs have potent vasodilating properties and verapamil, 5-10 mg., added to said dye solutions to give concentrations up to 0.1% will produce the required vasodilatation.
Clonidine (HC1) is usually administered systemically as an antihypertensive agent but its modes of action include agonism of α2 adrenergic receptors which produces highly reproducible vasodilating effects when applied locally to normal blood vessels. Quantities of 0.1 mg-2.0 mg placed in said dye solutions to give concentrations of at most 0.1% will produce the desired vasodilatation.
Prazosin (HC1), phenoxybenzamine (HC1) and phentolamine (mesylate) are three α adrenergic blocking agents, which inhibit the vasoconstrictive actions of norepinephrine on its receptor sites. These agents are proven vasodilators and, when added individually and alone to said dye substances in quantities of 3 mg-10 mg to give concentrations equal to, or lower than 0.1% will produce the desired vasodilatation of normal urothelial blood vessels.
The dye substances, methylene blue, toluidine blue, Evans blue, gentian violet, doxorubicin, epirubicin and mitoxantrane are all supplied as positively charged ions and therefore their polarities match with those of all selected vasodilating drugs. The treatment electrode using the above agents and combinations thereof will be anodic and drug administration will be by iontophoresis in the absence of added electrolytes, or by combined iontophoresis and electrophoresis, when further electrolytes are added.
Mitomycin C, when administered as the sole drug or when used in conjunction with guanethidine or with verapamil or with clonidine or with prazosin or phenoxybenzatine or with phentolamine, will be mixed in physiological electrolyte solutions of osmolarities ranging 100 mosm-310 mosm, and an anodic treatment electrode is used. When MMC is used in conjunction with lidocaine or mepivacaine or papaverine solutions, an anodic treatment electrode is applied. In all of these applications MMC is administered by electrophoresis.
In accordance with this invention, all dye substances and all drugs with vasodilating effect, with the exceptions of lidocaine, mepivacaine and papaverine, are prepared for administration in concentrations ≦0.1% and these low concentrations are poor conductors of electric current. Advantageously this difficulty is overcome by the addition of physiological electrolyte solutions of osmolarities ranging from 100-310 mosm. In the sense of this invention, the term "physiological" does not necessarily imply matching solute osmotic pressures of body water and solutes (280-290 MOSM) but designates electrolytes commonly used in replacement therapies, Na+ K+ Ca2+ Cl- HCO3 - HPO4 2- Lactate, in various combinations. The addition of electrolytes will increase charge competition for all drugs included in solution but they will diminish or counteract undesirable hydrolysis of water and will promote electrophoretic transport of said drugs, so that drug administration in the presence of electrolytes is achieved by combined iontophoresis and electrophoresis, except for the non-ionized MMC, which will be delivered as stated before, by electrophoresis.
In order to define minimum volumes required for uniform contact between the bladder wall and its infused dye contents, five patients scheduled for cystoscopy underwent intravesical infusion of methylene blue 0.1% and iontophoresis of the bladder contents using constant DC, 15 mA for 5-10 minutes. With 50 ml volumes there was a pronounced "leopard" effect with large areas of heavy staining, light staining and no staining. With intravesical volumes of 100 ml or more, there was deep, even staining of all visible areas of the bladder wall.
Based on this and further investigation it was found that a preferable amount of dye solutions to be used according to the invention is from 100 to 400 ml.
Seven patients scheduled for total cystectomy were subjects for preoperative and intraoperative, intravesical insitilldtion of MMC. Three patients, control subjects, received instillations of MMC, 40 mg in 50 ml water about one hour before operation, the bladders were drained intraoperatively of 100-150 ml (MMC+urine) over times of 60-90 minutes after instillation. Four patients, experimental subjects, were infused with MMC, 40 mg in 100 ml 0.9% saline, which was electrophoresed into the bladder wall using an anodic electrode and pulsed DC, 15 mA for 15 minutes, then the bladders were drained of their 110-130 ml contents.
Immediately after the bladders were removed they were sectioned and examined visually. The three bladders from control subjects showed light, patchy violet staining of the urothelium with no obvious differences between cancerous and normal tissues. The four bladders from the experimental subjects demonstrated obviously increased, violet staining of normal urothelium as compared to that in control subjects, and an equally obvious, deep purple staining of numerous cancerous areas.
The inventors have personally supervised more than 200 instillations of lidocaine (HC1) or mepivacaine (HC1) into the bladder and their subsequent iontophoretic administration (15-20 mA for 15-20 minutes) to obtain local anesthesia for TUR of cancers. The protocol calls for the simultaneous intravesical administration of the powerful vasoconstrictor, epinephrine, which enhances both the effectiveness and the duration of local anesthesia.
Fortuitously, epinephrine was omitted in a recent treatment and a color differential became obvious on direct viewing through the endoscope and on the viewing screen. The scarlet hue of normal urothelium was visibly enhanced because of vasodilatation whereas areas of cancerous tissue showed no change in color and appeared as slightly paler patches scattered throughout normal urothelium: there was no vasodilatation in the cancerous regions. Thus, the above result shows the utility in EMDD of vasodilating agents in enhancing the visualization of cancerous sites.
As it can be seen from the foregoing, the present invention provides an efficaceous and reliable method for localising cancerous sites in bladder which is based on the discovery that the electromotive delivery of dyes improves remarkably the selective absorption thereof by the cancerous tissues.
It is to be understood that the preliminary, abovedescribed examples are only illustrative of the application of the present invention. Numerous modifications and alternatives may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims are intended to cover such modifications and arrangements.
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Town Square
Leather mural honoring 4 slain Oakland police officers on display at County Fair
Original post made on Jun 22, 2010
Read the full story here Web Link posted Tuesday, June 22, 2010, 7:45 AM
Comments (1)
a resident of Vintage Hills Elementary School
on Jun 22, 2010 at 11:45 am
I attended the Memorial for the 4 Oakland Police Officers with my oldest daughter out of respect for the four slain officers,their families and the job that Law Enforcement Officers everywhere/everyday. The Memorial Service was the most heart-wrenching event I have ever attended.
I look forward to paying respect/viewing the leather mural at the Fair.
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Public Ivy Schools for 2015--Going By the Virginia Rule
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Another bad idea from the air board
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shelleymscottOctober 2, 2011
My hibiscus bloomed the first year I was in my house (4 years ago). Then that next 2 years there were no blooms. This year I got one flower. Does anyone have any suggestions, so that next season I can get them to bloom?
TulsaRose, Tulsa OK(7a)
Which species of Hibiscus are you talking about? The link below may give you some guidelines.
Here is a link that might be useful: Hibiscus & Malvaceae


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After using the mask, treat skin with Shea Terra Rubiginosa Rose Hips Oil.
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This stuff is really nice! I bought this on a whim because I love face masks, and I really like it! I have very sensitive skin, and this mask is very moisturizing, and leaves my skin feeling soft and smooth! A++!


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Offical photographers at the olympics
Anyone know who to contact or how to become one of the official photographers fo...
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Trust we're going to keep this going...
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Olympic chiefs: Don't bring any detachable-lens camera to Wembley
Seems a bit heavy handed:
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A Montage of a few shots taken at the aqautic center
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Olympic Decor!
Not to jump on the bandwagon of this event, but captured a few interesting shots...
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photographic exhibit during the Olympics (Shepherds of Lunca Ilvei)
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Google Quietly Closes AdSense API to Small Sites 56
from the raising-the-bar dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
This just shows that the AdSense network is not robust enough to handle
No, it doesn't. It shows that Google doesn't want to spend money supporting the API for use by small companies. AdSense is still available to small web pages.
I take Google at its word for now but worry that small developers could be increasingly squeezed out of the mashup space if this were to become a trend.
That sentence is like some sort of a highly refined concentrate of dumb. The Google trusting isn't really that bad (although I don't think they deserve it) but "squeezed out of the mashup space" ?? Remember, web 2.0 is only... http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/11/11/web_two_point_naught_answers/ [theregister.co.uk]
Alexa.com is a website that aggregates data from their spy ware tool. So it heavily skews their information to the technically incompetent/ windows pc users.
That effect is offset by technically oriented website owners who are interested in how their site is doing compared to the competition, and technically oriented people who are more interested in statistics anyway. My own website has a part that attracts mostly nontechnical people (85/11% IE vs FF browsers) and a part aimed at technical people (48/41% I
They wouldn't have qualified. And my id is not that low.
It seems that Google wants the startups to go with someone, or rather, something else - which is not a bad idea until you consider the fact this practice will eventually cut Google out of a large portion of the market. Why would a well-established website, with its own marketing staff, cater to Google? Once you've hired marketing staff (as opposed to just using Google), there's going to be a resistance to change. Sure, you can fire them, but I'
Time-sharing is the junk-mail part of the computer business. -- H.R.J. Grosch (attributed)


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Internet Explorer 9 speeds past the competition
The latest version of Microsoft's browser is fast, lean and means business.
Throw away what you think you know about Internet Explorer -- because the just-released IE9 will turn it all on its ear. Think IE is sluggish? Think again, because according to SunSpider tests, it rivals or beats the speed demons Chrome and Opera. Believe that IE sports a tired-looking interface? No longer --- it now has the same type of stripped-down look that Chrome originated, and that the latest version of Firefox uses as well.
IE9 (available only for Vista and Windows 7) also introduces other goodies, such as HTML5 support, Windows 7 integration, a double-duty address bar and more. It's clearly Microsoft's best shot at stopping the erosion of its market share by rivals Firefox and Chrome.
Moving to a clean interface
Microsoft takes a page from Google Chrome with its design for IE9 -- it's simple and clean, putting as much focus as possible on Web content and not on the browser itself.
All unneeded buttons and controls have been eliminated, and tabs are now at the top of the browser. (For a bit of simple eye candy, the top and the sides of IE9 are transparent.) The arrangement works. Web pages take center stage, with very little to distract you. There's not even a search box; as with Chrome, the address bar does double-duty as a search box.
Three small icons on the upper-right corner of the screen give you access to IE9's options: a Home button, a Favorites button for managing bookmarks, and a Tools button shaped like a gear. The Tools button leads you to most of the browser's other features and options, such as security, privacy, add-ons, customizing search and so on.
There's another new feature to the IE9 interface as well. When you open a new tab, it displays thumbnails of pages you frequently visit. Rival browsers have done this for some time, but IE9 adds a new twist: At the bottom of each thumbnail is a bar that shows how frequently you visit each page. The longer the bar, the more you've visited the page. And there are some very useful other things you can do from this page as well, including reopening your last browsing session, reopening tabs you've closed during the browsing session, and getting recommendations for sites you might want to visit, based on the sites you frequently visit. You can also launch an anonymous browsing session, which IE terms "InPrivate Browsing."
IE9: The new speed demon?
Among the loudest complaints against previous versions of Internet Explorer was its lack of speed. In a world in which graphics-heavy Web pages get heavier every year, videos are becoming normal elements and Web-based apps are replacing desktop-based applications, this sluggishness could have become a fatal flaw.
Microsoft was clearly cognizant of that when it went to the drawing board for Internet Explorer 9. Its new JavaScript engine, called Chakra, uses multiple processor cores to do its work, and compiles scripts in the background on one of those cores. IE9 also uses the computer's GPU to accelerate text and graphics rendering, especially HTML5 graphics.
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Reload the page and try again.
The program is quick and effective, you have to put in lot of work and study to complete and move forward in your career in life.
I am still trying to complete my prerequisite classes, so I feel I shouldn't answer this as of yet.
They make you take classes you don't need to take as a means of wringing you out of all the money you have.
Great academics as part of the IU system.
just starting the program this summer but so far it sounds good
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New to Typophile? Accounts are free, and easy to set up.
I've been hearing a lot lately about development for Arabic and the Indian market, especially Devanagari. I was able to speak briefly at TypeCon with someone in the industry who is investing in developing Arabic typefaces. I was surprised there seemingly isn't very much conversation about and very little interest in developing for the CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) market. Piracy combined with the amount of investment required was cited.
Why is there so much excitement about India and the Middle Eastern market right now? The same disregard for intellectual property is present. Could someone give some additional insight?
Thank you,
I dunno. I work specifically in the area of CJK fonts, and there is plenty of interest. I think it all depends on the person with whom you speak. ;-)
Perhaps part of the recent interest in such fonts is due to the improved infrastructure to support them, specifically that more applications and text engines are able to correctly handle the line layout and typographic challenges that those scripts pose.
Dr. Ken Lunde
Senior Computer Scientist, CJKV Type Development
Adobe Systems Incorporated
Thank you for the insight, Dr. Lunde.
Jeremy Dooley


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text: Top oDesk Freelancers Showing 23,514 freelancers Post a job. It's free! 1 2 3 4 5 … › » Famelia S. Legit VA & Indonesian Translator :-) I have graduated from reputable local university and I can`t wait to have my first opportunity here. Once you pick me, there is no chance for regret. Herewith a little information about me.. PERSONALITY: * Hard-worker, eager to learn, multi-tasking … more I have graduated from reputable local university and I can`t wait to have my first opportunity here. Once you pick me, there is no chance for regret. Herewith a little information about me.. PERSONALITY: * Hard-worker, eager to learn, multi-tasking, in-time person, innovative, self-motivated, honest & responsible. ADDITIONAL SKILLS: * Proficient in using Ms.Word applications & internet. * Good oral & written English & Indonesian. * Fair Mandarin. EXPERIENCES & ACTIVITIES: * Being an official secretary * Being a virtual assistant * Tutored English lesson for senior high school students. * Translating from English to Indonesian & vice versa. * Transcribing Indonesian & Javanese audio. Thanks a bunch for the opportunity! :) less translation-english-indonesian translation-indonesian-english virtual-assistant 00 more less $3.33 HOURLY RATE 5.0 2017 HOURS INDONESIA LAST ACTIVE March 26 2015 2 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 8 TESTS ASSOCIATED WITH: EASI- **e-Office Admin Services, Inc.** 00 more less Amit V. Expert Web designer,developer, SEO Expert, PPC, Application developer. I have a proven track record with more than Five years of experience providing the best SEO solutions and Web designing and Development Services I have experience in Android and Iphone application development also. I do not promise any unrealistic … more I have a proven track record with more than Five years of experience providing the best SEO solutions and Web designing and Development Services I have experience in Android and Iphone application development also. I do not promise any unrealistic goals. I only perform 100% Quality and practice Work. I can help your business dominate online, leading to more traffic which will produces more leads, which means more sales. less seo sem html web-design php wordpress android-app-development psd-to-html ppc-advertising graphic-design 00 more less $15.56 HOURLY RATE 4.7 2955 HOURS INDIA LAST ACTIVE March 24 2015 19 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 8 TESTS GROUPS: Bluehost Developers and Designers 00 more less ASSOCIATED WITH: Pinnacle Softtech 00 more less Roderick M. Expert Transcriber / Article Spinner/ VA / 2700 Odesk Hours "Quality happens when you care enough to do your best." This is my guiding principle in providing services to my clients. I had been been in oDesk for a few years now and my experience was quite a blast. It … more "Quality happens when you care enough to do your best." This is my guiding principle in providing services to my clients. I had been been in oDesk for a few years now and my experience was quite a blast. It opened a whole new horizon and I'm amazed on how unexpected and pleasantly surprising opportunities come my way. This only happened because I stepped up and cared enough to provide 101% of my best. Transcription is my strongest skill and such I am experienced in the following types of transcriptions: (GENERAL) 1. E-Book Transcription 2. One-on-one interview. 3. Peer interview. 4. Focus group discussion. 5. Lectures. 6. Seminars. 7. Webinars. 8. Movie/video captioning. 9. Documentaries, and other related transcription jobs. (MEDICAL) 1. Insurance claims 2. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports. 3. Physical Therapy Reports. 4. Wound Care Reports. 5. Psychiatric Reports. 6. Obstetrics/Gynecology Reports. 7. Cardiology Reports. 8. Radiology Reports. 9. Orthopedics Reports. 10. Pulmonology Reports. 11. Regular hospital and/or clinic reports such as but not limited to: History and Physical, Consultation, Initial Evaluation, Progress Report, Operative Report, Discharge Summary, Followup Report, and Diagnostic Reports (i.e. Holter Monitoring, Pulmonary Function Test, Sleep Study, ECG, EEG, EMG, Nerve Conduction Study, etc.) My transcription services can be adjusted depending on the needs of the client. I can provide the following: Verbatim Transcription: Transcribing everything including false starts, stutters and filler words. Clean Verbatim: Transcribing everything except false starts, stutters and filler words. Edited Transcription: Summarizing the main content for better readability. I am also well versed in the following: Social media management Internet/web research Data entry Article rewriting/spinning Excel spreadsheet data management And all sorts of VA job. Needless to say, I only apply to great buyers because I only provide the best service for a very reasonable rate. I take pride in my work and always try to please clients by providing them what they need (although some are really very hard to please, I admit). But one thing is certain, I don't give up easily. I always strive and when I don't know something, I am highly trainable and a fast learner. If I interest you in any way, please do not hesitate to contact me and I'll respond promptly when I'm online or if not, I will definitely respond in 12 hours or less. less medical-transcription transcription data-entry social-media-marketing 00 more less $6.67 HOURLY RATE 5.0 2749 HOURS PHILIPPINES LAST ACTIVE March 27 2015 3 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 7 TESTS ASSOCIATED WITH: Flexiwork 00 more less Jayford roland A. All around Virtual Assistant I have experience doing online jobs like Web Research, Data Entry, Data Mining, Contact Finding, Social Media Handling, Keyword Researching, Article Writing, Article Submission, Forum and Blog Posting, Wordpress Installation and Installing needed Plugins. I am honest, efficient and hard-working. data-entry internet-research data-encoding seo-keyword-research link-building virtual-assistant seo website-development wordpress 00 more less $3.33 HOURLY RATE 5.0 2364 HOURS PHILIPPINES LAST ACTIVE March 27 2015 0 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 1 TEST Igor Scepanovic M. Arch. 12 years of experience in architecture and computer graphics, expert in 3d graphics, architectural visualization and animation. Worked on numerous big projects in my country and abroad. Fast, reliable, self-driven. autodesk-3d-studio-max vray animation autodesk adobe-photoshop sony-vegas 00 more less $22.22 HOURLY RATE 5.0 2379 HOURS SERBIA LAST ACTIVE March 27 2015 43 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 3 TESTS Marichelle Joyce Guanzon Quantity Surveyor : Construction Estimator : Take Off : Architecture - MS Excel - MS Word - Autocad - PlanSwift Takeoff Software - Construction Estimating building-estimation quantity-surveying autodesk open-office microsoft-word microsoft-excel 00 more less $15.00 HOURLY RATE 4.9 1811 HOURS PHILIPPINES LAST ACTIVE March 27 2015 5 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 3 TESTS ASSOCIATED WITH: iMeasure 00 more less Rachael K. FACEBOOK API| TWITTER API | Youtube API | Google |PHP Expert To give 100% quality product to the client within reasonable price. Every day availability to make client comfortable and excellent communication through out the project life cycle. asp.net php facebook-api twitter-api google-maps-api html html5 asp.net-mvc aspdotnetstorefront data-mining css css3 jquery jquery-mobile phpfox phpmyadmin wordpress joomla magento zencart zend-studio paypal-api authorize.net x-cart mysql mailchimp bigcommerce coldfusion facebook-games-development dotnetnuke ado.net seo 00 more less $15.00 HOURLY RATE 4.9 2338 HOURS INDIA LAST ACTIVE March 26 2015 10 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 3 TESTS ASSOCIATED WITH: Ojha Infotech 00 more less Krste Grozdanovski Senior Android Developer I am Senior Android Developer, with 3 years of experience in Android and 6 using Java, and multiple successfully completed projects. http://www.linkedin.com/pub/krste-grozdanovski/5/171/66 android-app-development java spring-framework hibernate gwt 00 more less $30.00 HOURLY RATE 5.0 1200 HOURS MACEDONIA LAST ACTIVE Sept. 19 2014 5 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 3 TESTS Faraz Q. Telemarketing,Website Designing,SEO,Call Center To maximize business possibilities for our customers by providing innovative and cost-effective technology-enabled solutions that increase focus on core business, unlock new opportunities, and create sustainable competitive advantages for the enterprise. wordpress php magento adobe-flex oscommerce joomla css telemarketing phone-support technical-support html html5 psd-to-html opencart ecommerce-consulting lead-generation outbound-sales 00 more less $5.56 HOURLY RATE 4.9 2818 HOURS PAKISTAN LAST ACTIVE Jan. 13 2015 10 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 7 TESTS ASSOCIATED WITH: Ftech Solutions Agency 00 more less Eyleen Viglianco Outstanding Translator English-Spanish. Great writer and researcher I am a completely bilingual professional with a proficient writen and oral domain of English and Spanish. I have been working as a freelance translator and writer for over 8 years. I am strongly dependable, trustworthy and hardworking. My goal … more I am a completely bilingual professional with a proficient writen and oral domain of English and Spanish. I have been working as a freelance translator and writer for over 8 years. I am strongly dependable, trustworthy and hardworking. My goal is to establish a long term relationship with my buyer and continue to develop my language skills. less translation 00 more less $16.67 HOURLY RATE 5.0 2056 HOURS ARGENTINA LAST ACTIVE March 26 2015 0 PORTFOLIO ITEMS 8 TESTS


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El campo de batalla de la mente
Provides an inspiring message of encouragement and hope for those suffering from such negative emotions as anger, confusion, depression, fear, worry, and doubt.
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caravaggio greeting cards, saint catherine of alexandria greeting cards, oil painting greeting cards, italian greeting cards, baroque greeting cards, catholic greeting cards, iconography greeting cards, christian greeting cards, christianity greeting cards, whell greeting cards, martyrdom greeting cards
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, 29 September 1571 � 18 July 1610, was an Italian artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily between 1593 and 1610. His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence on the Baroque school of painting
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(October 14, 2011: Birmingham, AL 35215) The Oxford Yellowjackets football squad scored 27 points and limited the host Huffman Vikings to 0 in the Yellowjackets league win on Friday.
The Yellowjackets now possess a 6-2 record. They play next when they travel to Shades Valley for a 6A Region 7 battle on Friday, October 21. Oxford will play a Mounties squad coming off a 48-27 league loss to Hewitt-Trussville (Trussville, AL). The Mounties record now stands at 1-7.
Coming up next, the Vikings play the Clay-Chalkville Cougars (Pinson, AL) in a 6A Region 7 battle, on Friday, October 21. Huffman will attempt to advance on its 1-7 season record. The Cougars go into the battle with a 8-0 record after their 55-21 league win over Austin (Decatur, AL).
Huffman has not had any pro photos shot this year.
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Anatomy for Everybody
August 1, 2014|
Meet Vanessa Ruiz, the medical illustrator behind the popular art blog Street Anatomy.
August 1, 2014|
Meet Vanessa Ruiz, the medical illustrator behind the popular art blog Street Anatomy.
July 31, 2014|
An improved tissue-clearing technique makes whole animals transparent.
July 25, 2014|
Blood-based Alzheimer's diagnostics; CRISPR cuts out HIV; Leishmania and the sand fly microbiome; deconstructing the lionfish science fair debacle
July 18, 2014|
Converting heart muscle to pacemaker cells in pigs; alternative splicing and the human proteome; questioning a reported yogurt mold-illness link; H. pylori swiftly find mouse stomach injuries
July 10, 2014|
Olfactory receptors in the skin may help repair damaged tissue, a study shows.
July 3, 2014|
Scientists show how cell stress both prevents and promotes cell suicide in a study that's equally divisive.
July 3, 2014|
Adult sickle-cell patients have safely stopped taking their immunosuppressant medication thanks to a new type of blood stem-cell transplant.
June 23, 2014|
An exhibit at the newly opened SciArt Center in New York City showcases work that explores hidden worlds.
June 23, 2014|
Starvation suspends cellular activity in C. elegans larvae and extends their lifespan.
June 22, 2014|
ASC specks—protein aggregations that drive inflammation—are released from dying immune cells, expanding the reach of a defense response.


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Gift for (uncle) minister?
My uncle is going to perform our ceremony. Obviously a tip isn't appropriate. Any thoughts for a gift?
ooh that's hard. Sometimes you could give a donation to a minister's home congregation, or some other religious cause he feels strongly about. But w/ an uncle, I think I'd be wanting to give HIM something. Bcs it's more personal, what he's doing for us/you.
And, he got stuff like a great Bible, a cross for the wall, etc.
Could you give him an experience? Dinner somewhere; a workshop. Anything I can think of that would be really unique would also be really expensive.
Does he have any colleagues in his church organization that you could call and pick their brains?
The other idea is simply to get him something fine--I got my dad a new, really nice silver-plated pocketknife (bcs he always carries on; and I noticed that his was getting dull, right before the wedding).
There is no need to try to choose something related to his being a clergyman (assuming he is one); in fact, I would avoid it. Like teachers don't need yet another apple-shaped desk ornament. I would just get him some nice personal gift that he would enjoy, the same as if you were getting him a nice birthday gift, or else a contribution to his favorite charity.


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There are two basic types of masks--layer masks and vector masks. A layer mask is pixel-based. You create a layer mask either by drawing white on a black background or by building a high contrast image (a key) based on the luminance or color of the layer.
A vector mask is a geometrical shape rather than an fixed image. A vector mask is adjustable, as it is not tied to individual pixels. Create the shape of your mask using the path or shape tool. You can add points on to a path, alter the curve of its shape or size it up or down.


text: Appointment Setter The Vision Centers Las Vegas, NV 3/25/2015 Save Job Sign in Now Email Print Report Apply Now COMPETITION SNAPSHOT Applications Submitted for this Position Most Common Years of Experience is the most common degree type Job Description You can have this important position if you are energetic, responsible, intelligent, and friendly. Great communication and organizational skills are a must. Career-growth opportunities exist with this hard-working group. Your job will be to reactivate patients, schedule them, handle incoming customers & high-volume phone lines, and control the appointment schedule of our busy optometric practices. This is a full-time position where Saturdays are required! Job Requirements Prior optical or customer service experience is a plus, but not necessary. Job Snapshot Base Pay $10.00 - $15.00 /Hour Employment Type Full-Time Job Type Admin - Clerical, Health Care, Retail Education High School Experience Not Specified Manages Others Not Specified Relocation No Industry Healthcare - Health Services, Retail Required Travel Negligible Apply Now SIMILAR JOBS Medical Front Desk Admitter Steinberg Diagnostic LP SCHEDULING NEVADA HEART & VASCULAR CENTER Customer Service Representative Forward Air, Inc. Healthcare Medical Scheduler - Call Center Steinberg Diagnostic LP Administrative Assistant Mission Pines Nursing and Rehabilitation Center


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Book your room at Ibis Edinburgh Centre Royal Mile
Two Single BedsMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
Standard Double or Twin RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)
Hotel in Edinburgh (Old Town) near St. Giles' Cathedral
This hotel is located in Edinburgh (Old Town), close to City Chambers, St. Giles' Cathedral, and Greyfriars Kirk. Also nearby are Princes Street Gardens and Edinburgh Castle.
Hotel Features
In addition to a restaurant, Ibis Edinburgh Centre Royal Mile features a bar/lounge. Other amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access and a 24-hour front desk.
Room Amenities
Televisions come with premium cable channels. Guestrooms also feature complimentary wireless Internet access and safes.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. This Edinburgh hotel also offers a safe deposit box at the front desk and an elevator (lift).
- Total number of rooms - 99
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- 24-hour front desk
- Number of floors - 7
- Elevator/lift
- Free WiFi
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- Hair dryer (on request)
- In-room safe
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Cable TV service
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 6:30 AM and 10 AM.
Ibis Edinburgh Centre Royal Mile has a restaurant on site.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Pets allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Fee for buffet breakfast: GBP 7.95 per person (approximately)
We should mention
The photos in this description reflect the brand standard and are provided for illustrative purposes only.


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Apple TV software, iOS accessory exploits appear
Two hacks capable of exploiting Apple products have recently surfaced. Plexconnect allows the Plex media player client to run on Apple TV without jailbreaking the device. While an iOS Plex app has been available, this new hack puts Plex on the Apple TV with nothing more than a brief connection between the Apple TV and a computer, thanks to a trick that re-routes the Trailers application to a different web address. Apple will likely respond quickly to patch this exploit.
Another Apple hack comes through a phone charger and exploits iOS devices. Researchers from Georgia Tech claim to have developed an accessory that can invisibly install malware on a device running the newest version of iOS. The malicious charger is built around a $45 open-source single-board computer, and it can allegedly compromise an iOS device in less than a minute. Researchers plan on revealing the charger at July's Black Hat security conference; it's unclear whether the charger uses a Dock Connector or Lightning interface. [via 9to5Mac, Forbes]
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