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A maximum likelihood (ML) linear regression (LR) solution to environment normalization is provided where the environment is modeled as a hidden (non-observable) variable. By application of an expectation maximization algorithm and extension of Baum-Welch forward and backward variables (Steps 23a-23d) a source normalization is achieved such that it is not necessary to label a database in terms of environment such as speaker identity, channel, microphone and noise type.
1. An improved speech recognition system comprising:
a speech recognizer; and
a source normalization model coupled to said recognizer; said model derived by a method of source normalization training for HMM modeling of speech comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an initial model;
(b) on said initial model or following new models performing the following steps to get a new model:
b1) estimation of intermediate quantities;
b2) performing re-estimation to determine initial state probability, transition probability, mixture component probability and environment probability;
b3) deriving mean vector and bias vector;
b4) solving jointly for mean vector and bias vector using linear equations and determining variances and transformation;
b5) replacing old model parameters for the calculated ones; and
(c) determining after a new model is formed if it differs significantly from the previous model and if so repeating steps b1 -b5.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein in step b1 estimation intermediate quantities is determined by αt (j,e)Δp(o1 t,θt =j,φ=e|λ),
βt (j,e)Δp(ot+1 T |θt =j,φ=e,λ), and γt (j,k,e)Δp(θt =j,ξt =k,φ=e|O,λ).
3. The method of claim 2 wherein step b2 the initial state probability is determined by ##EQU13## transition probability is determined by ##EQU14## mixture component probability is determined by ##EQU15## and environment probability is determined by ##EQU16##
4. The method of claim 2 wherein step b3 deriving mean vector and bias vector is determined by
5. The method of claim 2 wherein step b4 equations are used for solving jointly and equation ##EQU17## is used to determine variance and equations Zje.sup.(m) =Wje.sup.(m) Rje (m), ##EQU18## are used to determine transformation.
6. A method of speech recognition comprising:
source normalization training for HMM modeling of speech comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an initial model;
(b) on said initial model or following new models performing the following steps to get a new model:
b1) estimation of intermediate quantities;
b2) performing re-estimation to determine initial state probability, transition probability, mixture component probability and environment probability;
b3) deriving mean vector and bias vector;
b4) solving jointly for mean vector and bias vector using linear equations and determining variances and transformation;
b5) replacing old model parameters for the calculated ones; and
(c) determining after a new model is formed if it differs significantly from the previous model and if so repeating steps b1 -b5 ;
receiving an input signal; and
comparing said input signal to said new model.
This application claims priority under 35 USC �119(e)(1) of provisional application No. 60/059,180, filed Sep. 17, 1997.
This invention relates to training for HMM modeling of speech and more particularly to removing environmental factors from speech signal during the training procedure.
In the present application we refer to environment as speaker, handset or microphone, transmission channel, noise background conditions, or combination of these as the environment. A speech signal can only be measured in a particular environment. Speech recognizers suffer from environment variability because trained model distributions may be biased from testing signal distributions because environment mismatch and trained model distributions are flat because they are averaged over different environments.
The first problem, the environmental mismatch, can be reduced through model adaptation, based on some utterances collected in the testing environment. To solve the second problem, the environmental factors should be removed from the speech signal during the training procedure, mainly by source normalization.
In the direction of source normalization, speaker adaptive training uses linear regression (LR) solutions to decrease inter-speaker variability. See for example, T. Anastasakos, et al. entitled, "A compact model for speaker-adaptive training," International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Vol. 2, October 1996. Another technique models mean-vectors as the sum of a speaker-independent bias and a speaker-dependent vector. This is found in A. Acero, et al. entitled, "Speaker and Gender Normalization for Continuous-Density Hidden Markov Models," in Proc. Of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pages 342-345, Atlanta, 1996. Both of these techniques require explicit label of the classes. For example, speaker or gender of the utterance during the training. Therefore, they can not be used to train clusters of classes, which represent acoustically close speaker, hand set or microphone, or background noises. Such inability of discovering clusters may be a disadvantage in application.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, we provide a maximum likelihood (ML) linear regression (LR) solution to the environment normalization problem, where the environment is modeled as a hidden (non-observable) variable. An EM-Based training algorithm can generate optimal clusters of environments and therefore it is not necessary to label a database in terms of environment. For special cases, the technique is compared to utterance-by-utterance central mean normalization (CMN) technique and show performance improvement on a noisy speech telephone database.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention under maximum likelihood (ML) criterion, by application of EM algorithm and extension of Baum-Welch forward and backward variables and algorithm, we obtained joint solution to the parameters for the source normalization, i.e. the canonical distributions, the transformations and the biases.
These and other features of the invention that will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the invention, taken together with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a speech model;
FIG. 3 illustrates a Gaussian distribution;
FIG. 4 illustrates distortions in the distribution caused by different environments;
FIG. 5 is a more detailed flow diagram of the process according to one embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a recognizer according to an embodiment of the present invention using a source normalization model.
The training is done on a computer workstation which is illustrated in FIG. 1 having a monitor 11, a computer workstation 13, a keyboard 15, and a mouse or other interactive device 15a as shown in FIG. 1. The system maybe connected to a separate database represented by database 17 in FIG. 1 for storage and retrieval of models.
By the term "training" we mean herein to fix the parameters of the speech models according to an optimum criterion. In this particular case, we use HMM (Hidden Markov Models) models. These models are as represented in FIG. 2 with states A, B, and C and transitions E, F, G, H, I and J between states. Each of these states has a mixture of Gaussian distributions 18 represented by FIG. 3. We are training these models to account for different environments. By environment we mean different speaker, handset, transmission channel, and noise background conditions. Speech recognizers suffer from environment variability because trained model distributions may be biased from testing signal distributions because of environment mismatch and trained model distributions are flat because they are averaged over different environments. For the first problem, the environmental mismatch can be reduced through model adaptation, based on utterances collected in the testing environment. Applicant's teaching herein is to solve the second problem by removing the environmental factors from the speech signal during the training procedure. This is source normalization training according to the present invention. A maximum likelihood (ML) linear regression (LR) solution to the environmental problem is provided herein where the environment is modeled as hidden (non observable) variable.
A clean speech pattern distribution 40 will undergo complex distortion with different environments as shown in FIG. 4. The two axes represent two parameters which may be, for example, frequency, energy, format, spectral, or cepstral components. The FIG. 4 illustrates a change at 41 in the distribution due to background noise or a change in speakers. The purpose of the application is to model the distortion.
The present model assumes the following: 1) the speech signal x is generated by Continuous Density Hidden Markov Model (CDHMM), called source distributions; 2) before being observed, the signal has undergone an environmental transformation, drawn from a set of-transformations, where Wje be the transformation on the HMM state j of the environment e; 3) such a transformation is linear, and is independent of the mixture components of the source; and 4) there is a bias vector bke at the k-th mixture component due to environment e.
What we observe at time t is:
ot =Wje xt +bke (1)
Our problem now is to find, in the maximum likelihood (ML) sense, the optimal source distributions, the transformation and the bias set.
In the prior art (A. Acero, et al. cited above and T. Anastasakos, et al. cited above), the environment e must be explicit, e.g.: speaker identity, male/female. This work overcomes this limitation by allowing an arbitrary number of environments which are optimally trained.
Let N be the number of HMM states, M be the mixture number, L be the number of environments, Ωs Δ {1, 2, . . . N} be the set of states Ωm Δ {1, 2, . . . M} be the set of mixture indicators, and Ωe Δ {1, 2, . . . L} be the set of environmental indicators.
For an observed speech sequence of T vectors: O Δ o1 T Δ (o1, o2, . . . oT), we introduce state sequence Θ Δ {θo, . . . θT) where θt ε Ωs, mixture indicator sequence Ξ Δ (ξ1, . . . ξt) where ξT ε Ωm, and environment indicator sequence Φ Δ (φ1, . . . φT) where φt ε Ωe. They are all unobservable. Under some additional assumptions, the joint probability of O, Θ, Ξ, and Φ given model λ can be written as: ##EQU1## where
bjke (ot)Δp(ot |θt =j,ξt =k,φ=e,λ) (3) ##EQU2##
ui Δp(θ1 =i),aij Δp(θt+1 =j|θt =i) (5)
cjk Δp(ξt =k|θt =j,λ),le Δp(φ=e|λ) (6)
Referring to FIG. 1, the workstation 13 including a processor contains a program as illustrated that starts with an initial standard HMM model 21 which is to be refined by estimation procedures using Baum-Welch or Estimation-Maximization procedures 23 to get new models 25. The program gets training data at database 19 under different environments and this is used in an iterative process to get optimal parameters. From this model we get another model 25 that takes into account environment changes. The quantities are defined by probabilities of observing a particular input vector at some particular state for a particular environment given the model.
The model parameters can be determined by applying generalized EM-procedure with three types of hidden variables: state sequence, mixture component indicators, and environment indicators. (A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, and D. B. Rubin, entitled "Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via the EM Algorithm," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 39 (1): 1-38, 1977.) For this purpose, Applicant teaches the CDHMM formulation from B, Juang, "Maximum-Likelihood Estimation for Mixture Multivariate Stochastic Observation of Markov Chains" (The Bell System Technical Journal, pages 1235-1248, July-August 1985) to be extended to result in the following paragraphs: Denote:
αt (j,e)Δp(o1 t,θt =j,φ=e|λ) (7)
βt (j,e)Δp(ot+1 T |θt =j,φ=e,λ) (8)
γt (j,k,e)Δp(θt =j,ξt =k,φ=e|O,λ) (9)
The speech is observed as a sequence of frames (a vector). Equations 7, 8, and 9 are estimations of intermediate quantities. For example, in equation 7 is the joint probability of observing the frames from times 1 to t at the state j at time t and for the environment of e given the model λ.
The following re-estimation equations can be derived from equations 2, 7, 8, and 9.
For the EM procedure 23, equations 10-21 are solutions for the quantities in the model.
Initial state probability: ##EQU3## with R the number of training tokens. Transition probability: ##EQU4## Mixture Component probability: (Mixture probability is where there is a mixture of Gaussian distributions) ##EQU5## Environment probability: ##EQU6## Mean vector and bias vector: We introduce: ##EQU7## Assuming Wje =Wje and ##EQU8## for a given k, we have N+L equations: ##EQU9## These equations 21 and 22 are solved jointly for mean vectors and bias vectors.
Therefore μjk and bke can be simultaneously obtained by solving the linear system of N+L variables.
Covariance: ##EQU10## where δt r (j,k,e)Δot r -Wje μjk -bke
Transformation: We assume covariance matrix to be diagonal: ##EQU11##
For the line m of transformation Wje, we can derive (see for example C. J. Leggetter, et al., entitled "Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression for Speaker Adaptation of Continuos Density HMMs" Computer, Speech and Language, 9(2): 171-185, 1995.):
Zje.sup.(m) =Wje.sup.(m) Rje (m) (24)
which is a linear system of D equations, where: ##EQU12## Assume the means of the source distributions (μjk) are constant, then the above set of source normalization formulas can also be used for model adaptation.
The model is specified by the parameters. The new model is specified by the new parameters.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 5, we start with an initial as standard model 21 such as the CDHMM model with initial values. This next step is the Estimation Maximization 23 procedure starting with (Step 23a) equations 7-9 and re-estimation (Step 23b) equations 10-13 for initial state probability, transition probability, mixture component probability and environment probability.
The next step (23c) to derive means vector and bias vector by introducing two additional equations 14 and 15 and equation 16-20. The next step 23a is to apply linear equations 21 and 22 and solve 21 and 22 jointly for mean vectors and bias vectors and at the same time calculate the variance using equation 23. Using equation 24 which is a system of linear equations will solve for transformation parameters using quantities given by equation 25 and 26. Then we have solved for all the model parameters. Then one replaces the old model parameters by the newly calculated ones (Step 24). Then the process is repeated for all the frames. When this is done for all the frames of the database a new model is formed and then the new models are re-evaluated using the same equation until there is no change beyond a predetermined threshold (Step 27).
After a source normalization training model is formed, this model is used in a recognizer as shown in FIG. 6 where input speech is applied to a recognizer 60 which used the source normalized HMM model 61 created by the above training to achieve the response.
The recognition task has 53 commands of 1-4 words. ("call return", "cancel call return", "selective call forwarding", etc.). Utterances are recorded through telephone lines, with a diversity of microphones, including carbon, electret and cordless microphones and hands-free speaker-phones. Some of the training utterances do not correspond to their transcriptions. For example: "call screen" (cancel call screen), "matic call back" (automatic call back), "call tra" (call tracking).
The speech is 8 kHz sampled with 20 ms frame rate. The observation vectors are composed of LPCC (Linear Prediction Coding Coefficients) derived 13-MFCC (Mel-Scale Cepstral Coefficients) plus regression based delta MFCC. CMN is performed at the utterance level. There are 3505 utterances for training and 720 for speaker-independent testing. The number of utterances per call ranges between 5-30.
Because of data sparseness, besides transformation sharing among states and mixtures, the transformations need to be shared by a group of phonetically similar phones. The grouping, based on an hierarchical clustering of phones, is dependent on the amount of training (SN) or adaptation (AD) data, i.e., the larger the number of tokens is, the larger the number of transformations. Recognition experiments are run on several system configurations:
BASELINE applies CMN utterance-by-utterance. This simple technique will remove channel and some long term speaker specificities, if the duration of the utterance is long enough, but can not deal with time domain additive noises.
SN performs source-normalized HMM training, where the utterances of a phone-call are assumed to have been generated by a call-dependent acoustic source. Speaker, channel and background noise that are specific to the call is then removed by MLLR. An HMM recognizer is then applied using source parameters. We evaluated a special case, where each call is modeled by one environment.
AD adapts traditional HMM parameters by unsupervised MLLR. 1. Using current HMMs and task grammar to phonetically recognize the test utterances, 2. Mapping the phone labels to a small number (N) of classes, which depends on the amount of data in the test utterances, 3. Estimating the LR using the N-classes and associated test data, 4. Recognizing the test utterances with transformed HMM. A similar procedure has been introduced in C. J. Legetter and P. C. Woodland. "Maximum likelihood linear regression for speaker adaptation of continuous density HMMs." Computer, Speech and Language, 9(2):171-185, 1995.
SN+AD refers to AD with initial models trained by SN technique.
Based on the results summarized in Table 1, we point out:
For numbers of mixture components per state smaller than 16, SN, AD, and SN+AD all give consistent improvement over the baseline configuration.
For numbers of mixture components per state smaller than 16, SN gives about 10% error reduction over the baseline. As SN is a training procedure which does not require any change to the recognizer, this error reduction mechanism immediately benefits applications.
For all tested configurations, AD using acoustic models trained with SN procedure always gives additional error reduction.
The most efficient case of SN+AD is with 32 components per state, which reduces error rate by 23%, resulting 4.64% WER on the task.
TABLE 1______________________________________Word error rate (%) as function of test configuration and number of mixture components per state. 4 8 16 32______________________________________baseline 7.85 6.94 6.83 5.98 SN 7.53 6.35 6.51 6.03 AD 7.15 6.41 5.61 5.87 SN + AD 6.99 6.03 5.41 4.64______________________________________
Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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How about yours?
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Had Landon June 2nd...3weeks early! 6 lbs 11 oz, 18 in
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Up 16 Lbs and 10.5 in.


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Changing the way that change happens - Social Innovation through Vocational Freedom
Today I had the joy of meeting with Francois Malherbe - an amazing guy who is facilitating a social revolution with 100 cups of coffee. You can read about his '100 Conversations for Social Innovation' here.
I was deeply challenged by Francois' passion for seeing people flourish through discovering their passion and finding the tools, resources, and most importantly the relationships, to bring those passions to bear on the needs of the world.
When our coffee was done I was left with the feeling that he, and those who he will be meeting with over the next year, will be part of a revolution of change that changes how change happens. What impressed me most was his focus on empathetic listening - a core value of people and relationships. I experienced it as quite close to the idea of ubuntu that we hear so much about in Africa (if you're interested in a few other posts I've written on ubuntu follow this link).
Francois referred me to the TED talk of Ernesto Sirolli entitled 'Want to help someone? Shut up and listen!' Some of the rationale behind Francois' approach to social transformation and human flourishing stems from Sirolli's work and thought. It is well worth watching the talk.
Thanks to @eksjaco and @findingfrancois - this has been the best cup of coffee this year!
Rev Vukile Mehana - Pastor, Politician or financial Profiteer? You decide.
I have been watching the rise in power of Rev Dr Vukile Mehana - the Chaplain General of the African National Congress (ANC) with some interest in recent years.
It would seem that he holds powerful positions in three of the most significant sectors of South Africa society - party politics, religion and big business (see the reference to his interests in a media company considered to threaten media freedom in this article, and some broader information on some of his business interests in this Business Week article.)
Is he a Pastor, Politician or financial Profiteer? What do you think?
Consider this in the light of a recent World Council of Churches document on the the 'Politicization of religion'.
Dr Mathews George Chunakara, director of the CCIA comments on this phenomenon, "The politicization of religion and use of religion in politics has often added to polarization, social divides and conflicts in traditionally tolerant communities around the globe".
I'd love to hear your perspective! Please post a comment below.
30 pieces of silver - a great resource for Lent on taking a stand against corruption!
Traveling along God's path
I came across this beautiful quote:
God travels wonderful paths with human beings; God does not arrange matters to suit our opinions and views, does not follow the path that humans would like to prescribe for God. God's path is free and original beyond all our ability to understand or to prove.
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Indeed, my experience is that I am truly free when I travel along the path of the source of all life. When I divert my course and go my own way I often find myself lost, alone, and unsure.
It is a great blessing and gift to be loved by God in Christ, and to receive the gift of life by living in that love.
The Argus Cycle tour (again) on a Brompton folding bicycle!
In a week and a bit I will be riding my 12th Argus Cycle tour. If you add the 12 rides together it equals almost 1500km of riding just along that one scenic route of Cape Town. I have had a few good rides (under 3h30) and at least one horrendous ride (6h+some! That is a year I would rather forget. Simple advice, don't ever try a new supplement on race day!)
Last year's race was the most fun of all - I rode with my darling wife Megie, and I did the ride on my 3 speed folding bike. A Brompton! It causes quite a stir - so much so that I ended up in this year's official race magazine (p.39 of the 2014 Cycle magazine - see the attached picture).
I will be riding on Darth the Brompton again this year, and will be joined by at least two other Brompton Brothers from the UK! Three of us among the 40 thousand - not a bad ratio! At this rate we will take over the race by.... Well a very long time!
Last year I had a fall on my mountainbike a broke my right hand, and three weeks ago I fell off my Vespa and got a grade two dislocation of my shoulder (AC joint) and a cracked shoulder blade. I did some training with my arm in the sling. It is almost 4 weeks later and I'd say it is 90% healed.
This Sunday I'll ride the Argus Mountainbike race on my 'bigger' bike (a Cannondale Scalpel 3, 29er).
Next Sunday Megie and I will once again hit the road for the Argus road ride. I'll be riding in a jacket and tie with my Brompton. If you see us along the way wave and say hi!
PS., if you click on the 'Argus' tag on this post you will see some previous posts with Argus tips, a picture with Francois Pienaar and Matt Damon and a few other things.
A blessing for absence
May you know that absence is full of tender presence and that nothing is ever lost or forgotten. May the absences in your life be full of eternal echo. May you sense around you the secret Elsewhere which holds the presences that have left your life. May you be generous in your embrace of loss. May the sore of your grief turn into a well of seamless presence. May your compassion reach out to the ones we never hear from and may you have the courage to speak out for the excluded ones. May you become the gracious and passionate subject of your own life. May you not disrespect your mystery through brittle words or false belonging. May you be embraced by God in whom dawn and twilight are one and may your longing inhabit its deepest dreams within the shelter of the Great Belonging. (Eternal Echoes 275)>- A blessing for Absences John O'Donohue.
Faith matters: intelligibly unintelligible
I am reading Stanley Hauerwas' Approaching the end: Eschatological reflections on Church, Politics and Life. It comes highly recommend. I found the following quote so helpful in thinking about the 'shape' of my own faith.
For I take it to be crucial that Christians must live in such a manner that their lives are unintelligible if the God we worship in Jesus Christ does not exist.
- Stanley Hauerwas, Approaching the end (p.67).
Indeed, the character of our lives, not our confessions, but our very lives, must seem strange to a world that is so obsessed with power, wealth, class and fame. The way of the Christ follower must seem nonsensical to those who do not understand the God whom we love and know. Of course it makes sense to us only because we know God and have experienced God's grace and power that transforms life, brings wholeness and motivates our reason for being who and how we are in the world.
If our lives, and the expression of our lives (our homes, our bank accounts, our Churches) resemble too closely to conventions of our time we need to take stock and ask whether we have not given in to one of the many false God's of the age. We should be different, since God's nature and ways are different. But our difference should not be a reason for division, but rather a call to real life, a call to full life, a call to move closer to the life giver.
A reflection on the life and ministry of Archbishop Dennis Hurley
I received the following wonderful reflection on the life and ministry of Archbishop Dennis Hurley from the Jesuit Institute today (please see the link below). It was written by a great friend, Anthony Egan. It is deeply inspiring and challenging to be reminded of his courage and faithful witness to God's just and loving will for the world.
DENIS HURLEY IN 2014 by Anthony Egan SJ
Ten years ago this week, on 13 February 2004 to be precise, Denis Hurley OMI the retired Catholic archbishop of Durban died. As a priest and bishop, as a theologian and religious leader in the struggle against apartheid, he made perhaps the greatest contribution to putting Catholicism firmly in the South African public square.
Before him, the Catholic Church in South Africa was cautious and quite inward-looking. Prohibited during Dutch rule, coolly tolerated by the British, and treated with intense suspicion after the Union of South Africa in 1910, the Church was (unsurprisingly) cautious in challenging apartheid. With the majority of its clergy foreign-born and thus vulnerable to deportation it was encouraged even by the Vatican to 'play it safe' after the 1948 National Party election victory. But Hurley, a white South African by birth, Oblate priest and bishop since 1946, thought differently. He believed that it was a matter of faith to oppose apartheid.
During the 1930s Denis Hurley completed licentiates [advanced master's degrees] in philosophy and theology in Rome. He had studied in particular Aquinas and Catholic Social Thought, both of which convinced him that segregation was morally unjustifiable. His episcopal motto "Ubi Spiritus, ibi libertas" ("Where the Spirit is, there is liberty") summed up his thinking and would point to the course his life would take: a rigorous, theologically informed search for freedom.
Together with a small group of fellow bishops, priests, religious and laity he pushed the Southern African Catholic Bishops Conference to an increasingly uncompromising stand against apartheid – so much so that in 1957 the Catholic Church was first church in South Africa to theologically condemn apartheid. The Church never looked back from that, and in the decades that followed Hurley was in the forefront of what Protestant scholar John De Gruchy has called 'the church struggle in South Africa'.
As archbishop, Hurley was an active participant in the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) initiated by Pope John XXIII to renew the Catholic Church. Hurley's thinking, informed by his reading of Aquinas, led him to enthusiastically initiate, implement and support the Council's reforms. He was particularly pleased to see the Council's emphasis on justice and the implementation of the vernacular liturgy.
This same thinking made him controversial in later years: he supported the idea of married clergy, and saw no sound theological reason against the ordination of women. He also criticised the 1968 papal encyclical Humanae Vitae that reaffirmed the Church's rejection of artificial birth control. For these views many suspect he was never made a cardinal. The latter point has led some of his supporters to call him "the greatest cardinal Africa never had".
Were he alive today (he would be 99), I suspect he would be thoroughly disgusted with much that we see in South Africa: corruption, the arrogance of many political leaders, the greed and conspicuous consumption of many of the old and new elites. He would also, I think, be enthusiastically supportive of Pope Francis' vision of a simpler, pastorally oriented Church committed to the poor and to the full implementation of Vatican II.
We the living, who remember Denis with love, can best honour his memory by carrying on what he started.
If you want a weekly article like this for your parish bulletin click here and we will send it to you earlier in the week in time for publication. For more Jesuit Institute perspective go to www.jesuitinstitute.org.za.
Give thanks for the life and witness of Dietrich Bonhoeffer - 4 February 1906
Today is Dietrich Bonhoeffer's birthday (4 February 1906). His deep commitment to faith and justice is a source of constant inspiration and challenge. I give thanks for his life and witness.
…when evil meets no opposition and encounters no obstacle but only patient endurance, its sting is drawn, and at last it meets an opponent which is more than its match. Of course this can only happen when the last ounce of resistance is abandoned, and the renunciation of revenge is complete. Then evil cannot find its mark, it can breed no further evil, and is left barren.
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer (via a-pilgrims-diary)
The dawning of a new era - Stellenbosch University
Today a new era dawned in my ministry and working life - on the 2nd of January 2014 I arrived at Stellenbosch University at around 7.50am to move into my new office in the Faculty of Theology.
Yesterday my appointment as Senior Lecturer in Systematic Theology and Ethics (with a focus on Public Theology) came into effect! I am truly grateful for this magnificent opportunity to serve the Church and society in the academy!
I am so excited about what the future holds in this new post! For some years I have been attached to the faculty as a staff member in Ekklesia (the Center for Leadership and Congregational) - however, this new post is as a full time academic with both undergraduate and post graduate teaching and research responsibilities.
I will be teaching Ethics and Systematic Theology and will have a particular focus on the Church's role in the various 'public' spaces of society (politics, economics, health care, education, the arts and many others). This is where most of my attention and energy has been focussed in the last decades. The Unashamedly Ethical and EXPOSED 'Shining a light on corruption' campaigns have aimed at precisely this, to support and empower the Church for making a positive contribution to the transformation of the nation and the world.
So, today I moved my stuff from my 'old office' in the Ekklesia side of the faculty building into the 'faculty' side of the building (which is pictured above - I took this photo about three years ago. Isn't it a beautiful building?) Each of the departments are clustered together, and I am in the section for Systematic Theology, Church History, Ethics and Ecclesiology. It is a beautiful sunny office with rows and rows of book shelves and lots of wood - befitting the historical look of the Kweekskool buildings.
My prayer for this new sesion in my ministry is that I will have an opportunity to serve both the Church and the nation in developing critical though and ideas, useful tools, and well trained people who can bring about transformation and the renewal of society for the sake of justice and grace.
I am inspired by the following quote from a speech that former President Nelson Mandela gave at the Methodist Conference in Umtata on 18 September 1994:
One cannot over-emphasise the contribution that the religious community made particularly in ensuring that our transition achieves the desired result. The spirit of reconciliation and the goodwill within the nation can, to a great measure, be attributed to the moral and spiritual interventions of the religious community.
Now that a major part of the journey towards democracy has been traversed, new and more difficult tasks lie ahead of us. For, political democracy will be empty and meaningless, if the misery of the majority of the people is not addressed.
The Church, like all other institutions of civil society, must help all South Africans to rise to the challenge of freedom. As South Africa moves from resistance to reconstruction and from confrontation to reconciliation, the energy that was once dedicated to breaking apartheid must be harnessed to the task of building the nation.
I would appreciate your prayers for me, and of course also for Megie, Courtney and Liam, as this new phase in our lives takes shape.
I will remain the Chairman of the Board of 'EXPOSED - Shining a light on corruption' as our team works towards the G20 meetings in Australia in November 2014. In addition to that I will also serve on one or two other boards (Unashamedly Ethical, the Power Group Charitable Trust, Half Time and Alpha).
Departing from Holland - back home!
As I write this I am standing in front of the Huygensgebouw in Nijmegen waiting for the Number 14 bus that will take me to Nijmegen Station, from where I catch a train to Schipol and then fly to Dubai, and arrive in Cape Town a day and a half later. The weather at home is different - that I can believe! It is cold and wet here in Holland this morning!
This last week has been very fruitful and productive. I spent a great deal if time developing to Practice Oriented Research strategy I will be using with my focus groups. I also did a lot of reading and discussing on affective neuroscience and the disruptive mind. But my joy was spending days buried deep in the Greek text of Matthew 28.1-35 (in fact Matthew, the Synoptics and the ancient sources of the time). I learned a great deal about 'fictive kin', mimesis, ancient near eastern community structure, ancient Roman Law, and of course concepts of forgiveness and reconciliation in the Bible.
I also had to joy of speaking at a Public Lecture on Nelson Mandela (Soetebeeck reeks I think it was called). A real highlight for me.
Then I did two longer rides on Doris my Brompton - one along the Ooij Dijk and another out to Germany (Kleve) - just beautiful! Cold, but lovely. Having a bike here was invaluable for bit commuting and fitness and sight seeing. I'm glad I brought Doris to England and Holland!
Now, I turn my head towards home! My beautiful family! I can't wait to be with them tomorrow!


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I find this book very well written - very easy to read, and the story is great!
If you have any interest in running, our origins as a species, evolution, or the human condition, then you will enjoy this book.
I'm guessing that this is why, as I read the book, the words just resonated with me like no other story.
The book deals with running concepts that were formative for us over 50 years ago. Such matters as Chia diet and barefoot running were on the cusp, then. Read morePublished 3 hours ago by al vogler
McDougall tells a great tale about a tribe you never knew existed, and ultimately a larger tribe that you are part of. Read morePublished 6 hours ago by Christopher Pechin
Very much enjoyed this book. I'm not a runner but still enjoyed it. Well researched and well told. Highly recommend.Published 2 days ago by KW
It was captivating from the first page, and I thoroughly enjoyed the entire book. I am now motivated to try running.Published 3 days ago by Vanessa Williams
This book is amazing! It was a gift given to me by a running organization. I knew it would be a lengthy read, but I began to read the entire book in one setting anyway. Read morePublished 3 days ago by SmartSysta
Christopher McDougall's "Born to Run" contains an epic tale about a race between some of the greatest modern ultra-runners pitted against the original (and elusive) extreme... Read morePublished 3 days ago by David K. Wilder
I liked the story, but was unimpressed with the writing and couldn't finish it. Hillenbrand's Unbroken, which I had just finished, was so well executed and written it made the... Read morePublished 5 days ago by Bethany V Buchanan
If everything Christopher McDougall wrote in his book is true, i think it may have just changed the way I look at running. Read morePublished 7 days ago by jason mclean


text: Reflect on the comfortable fit and great style that the Lagoon sandal will bring to your summer! Also available in wide, extra-wide and narrow widths. Price: Price pending Featured in Stone Contoured footbed and secure quarter strap for comfortable fit Soft, tumbled manmade upper with nailhead accents Microsuede fabric lining offers a soft feel Arch support and foam padding Adjustable buckled closure with hidden elastic Comfort Wave™ construction for all-over fit Flexible, durable TPR unit outsole Imported More


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LOS ANGELES (AP) — It sounds like a Swiss Army knife version of a TV game show: a combination of a venerable board game, state lotteries, Las Vegas and seasoned comedian Billy Gardell as host.
PASADENA, Calif. (AP) — There's a mystery to cancer, in large part because of fear, that PBS tries to unravel in next week's six-hour documentary "Cancer: The Emperor of All Maladies."
LOS ANGELES (AP) — Craig T. Nelson is getting back in the coaching game for NBC.


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Interview: Todd Lincoln - Director (V/H/S: Viral, The Apparition, Gorgeous Vortex)March 26th, 2015Interviewed by: Todd Martin
Exclusive Interview: Michael Berryman - Wednesday, March 25th at 9pm ESTMarch 23rd, 2015Interviewed by: Mike Joy
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Book Review: The Pendle Curse - Author Catherine CavendishReviewed by: Dave Gammon
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Comic Review: Blood Orgy aka The She Beast Within – Issue 1
Issue: Blood Orgy aka The She Beast Within #1 Writer: Mark K. Artist: Mark K. Colors: Aneta Horodecka Publisher: Frightfeast Comix Release Date: 2010 Pages: 32 Price: $5 (US) "So disturbing, you don't want to know" Artwork: 4.0 out of 5 Have you ever wondered what would happen if your Cannible Corpse or Cattle Decapitation cd cover had a comic book? Well this is it. The artwork is nothing shy or GORE-geous from page to … Continue reading


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A DIFFERENT theme each month flavors the paintings, decorations and edible treats. For April, we celebrate "Mother Earth". There are several galleries to see. Colors Art Gallery features 20 artists, and offers jewelry, masks, print-making, pottery, paintings, and more. There are many studios open - look for them on the map. The Art Center hosts multiple artists, not something you'd want to miss.
EVERY MONTH is different – the best way to keep informed is to visit the website www.1stsaturdaytr.com. It is up-dated monthly. If you are an artist and would like to show your work at the event, the cost is only $10 to participate and the deadline to enter is always the 15th of the previous month.
FOR INFORMATION contact Shirley Keller at 559-561-3463 or email email@example.com.


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8:30pm - 10:00pm
Plaza Verde
Come listen and enjoy as fellow residents showcase their talents at the Plaza Verde Clubhouse for Open Mic Night. The mic will be open to you as well; bring your friends and sing karaoke, plug in your acoustic, or read some poetry. It will be an entertaining evening as we work to bring awareness to help prevent sexual assault.
Coffee and Popcorn are free!


text: We stayed March 14th - March 21st, 2015 at this hotel. From the moment I called from the airport to find out where the shuttle would pick us up, to the moment we left to return to the airport, the entire staff was helpful, friendly and just on top of their game. The front desk staff (all of them) were... More


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We are glad to bring you to Audiko, where you can easily search for free ringtones for your ringer. Today we have a ringtone of "Kisses Down Low" by Kelly Rowland as well as 944 other ringtones by Kelly Rowland. "Kisses Down Low" is one of the best tracks from the "Talk a Good Game" album that was made by Kelly Rowland at their studios together with other 10 tracks. You can listen to all 65 Kelly Rowland – "Kisses Down Low" ringtone variations available here and download it for free to your computer. You can also look at other 5 albums produced by Kelly Rowland for all time. "Kisses Down Low" is referred to Soul, and you may listen to a huge amount of Soul songs absolutely for free. And finally, we have collected lyrics for this track and you can view it here as well. So feel free to browse, listen, download ringtones at Audiko.net. Make your phone sound cool!
Kelly Rowland - Kisses Down Low
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- Alan,Alan, Alan, Alan, Alan - Alan,Alan, Alan, Alan, Alan


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Album Rating: 3.5This is really good, I enjoyed Gnosis quite a bit but I would say this is an improvement. Atlas is especially awesome.
'i agree moreira, it is kind of shitty to their fans.
pretty disappointed to hear the physical CD lacks lyrics and artwork'
Like literally all I was looking for was something like this as a lyrics booklet. (made in like 10 seconds)
Then it just goes round the album art depending on the song. Ah well, album is still excellent.
Album Rating: 4.0 | Sound Offthat would've been cool drummer, nice idea.
Album Rating: 4.0So Devin Townsend, Animals as Leaders, and these guys. Haven't heard anything by AAL or Monuments.
Digging: Demilich - Nespithe
Album Rating: 5.0Your missing out dude!
'Haven't heard anything by AAL or Monuments.'
Monuments - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54WtvnV5ApQ
AAL - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g68hQ4zJ3t0
Album Rating: 4.0I heard this and AAL debut since my last post. Both were pretty cool, but I'm always gonna be the most excited to finally see Devy
Album Rating: 5.0Album of the Year for me here.
Album Rating: 4.0I don't usually dig djent/metalcore, but this
kix. Solid songwriting!
Album Rating: 3.5I love them but this for some reasons didn't click much with me. I barely remember half of these songs and I jammed this one hard
Digging: Jakub Zytecki - Wishful Lotus Proof
this might be the shitty but secretly kind of infectious djient album of the year
Album Rating: 3.5agreed, like last year's tesseract for me
Digging: Vassafor / Temple Nightside - Call of the Maelstrom
this is way better than any tesseract album for me
Album Rating: 3.5Why shitty? Because everybody in the band knows how to play their instrument? lol
Album Rating: 4.5 | Sound Offnah its real good and its no secret
Album Rating: 3.5Issues is shitty, and more than infectious it's a disease
How melodic is this on a scale of 1 to 10?
1 being white noise
10 being american football
Album Rating: 4.5Still jamming this thing.
Digging: Kendrick Lamar - To Pimp a Butterfly
Saw this on Reddit today
Digging: He Is Legend - I Am Hollywood
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration released a whole lot of guidelines about sunblock. If you want to know the basics, listen to Dr. Friedman. …add a comment
By Experience Life While recent research shows that a little sun exposure each day may benefit your health, most experts suggest that you protect yourself if you plan to spend long stretches in t…68 comments
Just when you thought you knew everything there was to know about protecting yourself from damaging rays, we uncovered some sneaky sun-care truths. By Kimberly Goad, Women's Health Slathering …148 comments
69% of women lie to themselves, saying they don't need sunscreen. Don't be one of them. Arm yourself with the simplest and strongest weapon we have against wrinkles, age spots, and skin cancer. …136 comments
A new American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement strongly warns of the significant skin cancer risks of artificial tanning. But is your child listening? By Adam Bean, Rodale.co…51 comments
awww que golpe!!
This would be one great way to use up packing peanuts!
That was so adorable! thanks for sharing!!!
Thanks for sharing:)
Thank you


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By Mark Cowen
Increasing the nocturnal oxygen flow in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients undergoing long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) improves nocturnal oxygenation, but may also result in increased hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis in the morning, research suggests.
"Several COPD treatment guidelines recommend increasing oxygen flow during sleep to avoid nocturnal desaturation," explain Daniel Samolski, (Hosand gas exchange effects," they add.pital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain) and team.
"However, such an increase could have deleterious clinical and gas exchange effects," they add.


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You and Us
No More "You and Us" for Glenn Schorr
We knew top-ranked UBS analyst Glenn Schorr was poking around for a new gig and today we learn he's landed at Nomura Securities to lead their financial services coverage.
UBS Trader Pleads Guilty in Massive Bid Rigging Scandal
Mark Zaino, a former UBS trader who worked on the firm's derivatives and municipal securities desk, pleaded guilty to fraud and conspiracy charges today in the wide-ranging investigation into sham auctions and bid rigging in financial products sold to municipalities.
Performance Based Compensation Win At UBS
In the first real data point since the performance based compensation revamp at UBS, the bank today discussed quarterly earnings. While the exact components of the new formula remain a closely guarded secret, Dealbreaker's analyst desk has crunched the numbers to shed some light on the Swiss giant's compensation methodology and has concluded that there […]
As we reported to you last week, Bloomberg has now managed to sniff out the fact that UBS is slurping up private wealth management professionals for large signing bonuses (which may or may not have a draw component), even as they let the IB group die on the vine. UBS AG, the Swiss bank under […]


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Law Librarians and Virtual Worlds
While we've had discussions from time to time about Second Life, but we missed telling you about a novel virtual workshop on innovative forms of library services through virtual worlds. The workshop explored the benefits and challenges of operating a virtual world law library program, leading to practical advice on how to create and present a program or topical resource within Second Life.
The website noted that a legal community is developing in Second Life: over 65 lawyers and firms have an official Second Life presence, the "Second Life Bar Association" has 200+ members, and the ABA has recently . . . [more]


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This is a vintage metal match safe. It has been partially re-painted with sunny yellow and white enamel around a beautiful floral design in the front. Aside from a ripple in the metal on the lover right-side edge, this match safe is still in excellent condition, It measures 3" X 6 1/4".
Item ID: RL-03464
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Eclectic Vintage Collectibles ~ Purses ~ Jewelry ~ Glass ~ Books ~ Toys ~ Ephemera & Holiday Items
Welcome to Vintage Vault: PLATINUM-rated and one of Ruby Lane's "Top 50" Most Visited Shops! Offers welcome.


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The Sisters Brothers
From the critics
Community Activity
CommentAdd a Comment
Loved this tale of two brothers despite the dark comedy aspect of their chosen career. Great character study and I came to really like the character of Eli. Could make a very good movie...
If you like Coen brothers movies, try this book. Eli Sisters and his brother Charlie are killers for hire on a mission for their ominous boss, the Commodore. Part sensitive soul, part psychopath, Eli would rather run a trading post, is an enthusiastic proponent of the new trend for tooth brushing and is sentimentally attached to the hapless Tubs, his plodding half-blind horse. Juxtaposed with some genuinely horrific scenes are moments of quirky humour—the formal, genteel speech patterns, the title and the resolution of the story.
a good read, dark, funny and compelling. There is more to the book than what meets the eye. I kept thinking what a great film it would be, then found to my utter delight that John C. Reilly (remember Roxie Hart's sad sack husband in "Chicago"?) has bought the film rights and will play Eli!! Can't wait.
If Blood Meridian were somehow funny…
I loved this book so much that it sent me in search of "book alikes". Sadly, I wasn't successful, but it prompted me to reread Sarah Canary, by Karen Joy Fowler, which has in common with The Sisters Brothers an on-the-run plot against a gold rush setting, with a strange dash of magical realism.
Had my attention throughout the whole book. Must read! ;)
Quirky, dark but fun to read. Interesting take on the Western genre. Eli Sisters is a great character.
Easily the best book i read in 2013! You won't regret it.
I fell in love with the spare language and was swept along by the story. The Gold Rush West was a time of contrasts - wealth and extreme poverty, high ideals and ethical egoism, dirt and the desire for cleanliness, death and violence and home. The exploration of the characters' motivations kept me listening. Highly recommend the audio!
The book was just not my kind of book. I did not find the content amusing as it is said to be. The story is odd with no real purpose. There is a plot but it seemed so anticlimactic that it was boring after a while.
I had no idea what to expect (even though I've never watched the "Brothers & Sisters" tv show, I had Calista Flockhart's face and a family drama floating around my subconscious), so it was a really fun surprise that this was a western, so well-written and insightful, sometimes hilarious (though very dry) and sometimes heart-aching. A lot of what I was going to write is perfectly expressed by GLNovak's comment below. Thoroughly entertaining.
AgeAdd Age Suitability
QuotesAdd a Quote
"They arrived unhungry and remained so."
"I thought, When a man is properly drunk it is as though he is an a room by himself--there is a physical, impenetrable separation between him and his fellows."
"...but I could not sleep without proper covering and spent the rest of the night rewriting lost arguments from my past, altering history so that I emerged victorious."
SummaryAdd a Summary
Hermann Kermit Warm is going to die. The enigmatic and powerful man known only as the Commodore has ordered it, and his henchmen, Eli and Charlie Sisters, will make sure of it. Though Eli doesn't share his brother's appetite for whiskey and killing, he's never known anything else. But their prey isn't an easy mark, and on the road from Oregon City to Warm's gold-mining claim outside Sacramento, Eli begins to question what he does for a livingand whom he does it for. With The Sisters Brothers, Patrick deWitt pays homage to the classic Western, transforming it into an unforgettable comic tour de force. Filled with a remarkable cast of characterslosers, cheaters, and ne'er-do-wells from all stripes of lifeand told by a complex and compelling narrator, it is a violent, lustful odyssey through the underworld of the 1850s frontier that beautifully captures the humor, melancholy, and grit of the Old West and two brothers bound by blood, violence, and love.
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- Exchange: OTC US
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Company Profile for Heroux-Devtek Inc (HERXF)
Heroux-Devtek Inc. designs, develops, manufactures, repairs, and overhauls aerospace and industrial products. The Company's products include landing gear for civil and military aircraft, components for aircraft engines and industrial gas turbines, and structural components for aircraft. Heroux-Devtek also manufactures parts used in information technology and other industries.
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Oriental Furniture Lacquer Village Life Altar Cabinet
Special Offer:
24 Issues of Better Homes and Gardens
Included with your purchase - a $10 value (Subscription and Rebate Info)
Oriental Furniture Lacquer Village Life Altar Cabinet
Weights & Dimensions
|Product Type: Accent cabinet
|Base Finish: 1: Black
|Base Finish: 2: Red
|Mirrored Finish: No
|Distressed: No
|Base Material: Wood
|Top Material: Wood
|Marble Top: No
|Number of Items Included: 1
|Hand Painted: Yes
|Shape: Rectangular
|Lift Top: No
|Exterior Shelves: No
|Drawers Included: Yes
|Eco-Friendly: No
|Country of Manufacture: China
About the ManufacturerOriental Furniture began in 1985 as a retail store in Natick, Massachusetts. In the mid 90's they decided to expand in order to reach a wider audience. Since that time, they have strived to build their website into the largest online retailer of Asian furniture, gifts, and accessories. They are constantly combing the globe for new and exciting products to offer their customers. Each of their items is hand-picked by one of their experienced buyers to ensure the highest quality and design of the merchandise. All of their items are directly imported to help them reduce costs and improve service to you, their customers. They believe in the quality and affordability of their merchandise and continually look for ways to lower costs. They currently feature a wide variety of items from around the globe. With products imported from places such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, Taiwan, Shanghai, Tibet, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Korea, Philippines, Thailand & India.
Oriental Furniture Lacquer Village Life Altar Cabinet
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Customer Reviews
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Diana from United States– Verified Buyer
Absolutely gorgeous piece, great craftsman work, even into every details! Beautiful colour, colourful yet not too loud. Love it very much!
A beautiful piece
Wayne from United States– Verified Buyer
Couldn't be happier with this altar table. It's substantial, well-built, feels authentic, and came very well-packaged. I'm very pleased with this purchase.
OUR SKU # OFN3724Lacquer Village Life Altar Cabinet is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: LQ-ALTAR2-BLK, LQ-ALTAR2-RED


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Alberto Vo5 Kiwi Lime Squeeze Clarifying Shampoo
230 reviews
86% would repurchase
Package Quality: 4.0
Price: $
Package Quality: 4.0
Price: $
INGREDIENTSWater (Aqua), Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Chloride, Ammonium Chloride, Actinidia Chinensis (Kiwi) Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Fruit Extract, Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract, Hydrolyzed Collagen, Tocopheryl Acetate, Biotin, Thiamine HCI, Ascorbic Acid, Panthenol, Polysorbate 20, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Propylene Glycol, Benzophenone-4, Citric Acid, Tetrasodium EDTA, DMDM Hydantoin, Fragrance (Parfum), Blue 1 (CI 420990), Yellow 5 (CI-19140).
on 5/16/2007 5:11:00 AM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Red, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Green
my absolute favourite clarifying shampoo! it gets all the crap out of my hair, but doesn't strip the colour or moisture. leaves my hair nice and clean, but still soft. Plus the smell is really fantastic and it's less than $1!
on 5/6/2007 9:10:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Dry, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Red, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
Got ALL the crap out of my hair (serums, creams, spray....I use enough stuff to get the entire Rockettes line thru an entire holiday season). The best clarifying shampoo I've ever used. Left my hair soft and really clean. Will DEFINITELY repurchase.
on 3/24/2007 6:43:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Medium, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Other, Medium
Eyes: Brown
Smells great! Been using it for years. I did find it a little drying sometimes (winter) but otherwise its good in the summer when oil and pool water reaks havock on ur hair. I always follow up with a better moisture rich conditioner anyways.
on 3/24/2007 5:35:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Dry, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Hazel
My parents had this in the guest shower, so I was stuck using it when I visited them. It immediately reminded me why I avoid Vo5 like the plague. My thick, straight hair felt like straw after using it. It's still incredibly drying even after the supposed reformulation; the matching conditioner was useless.
I wound up going out and buying a better brand to replace them in the shower, so any future guests won't wind up being tortured.
Smells nice though.
on 3/12/2007 6:13:00 PM
Age: 44-55
Skin: Dry, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I really didn't care for the old Alberto Kiwi Lime shampoo as I found it too drying although it smelled fabulous. I went to my local store and saw it in a new bottle and it said New! With Richer Lather! I read the ingredients and found out that they have replaced the somewhat harsh Sodium Lauryl Sulfate with a much more gentle Sodium Laureth Sulfate cleanser. I was shocked as usually the only shampoos that have this cleanser are much more expensive brands. V05 is now my HG shampoo. No animal testing, no nasty sillicones, and a gentle cleanser for a buck! Try it out!
on 1/30/2007 10:06:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Normal, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This stuff smells so summery and fun. I always buy it on the last day of school before summer vacation, because it's just so perfect for that time of year, especially when oil, sweat and beach sand and salt build up in my hair. And it's like 85 cents, so if you don't like it, you didn't sacrifice much.
on 1/10/2007 6:20:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
This product did exactly what it was supposed to do. It left my hair feeling very clean and soft, which is what I was going for since I wash my hair every day and it tends to get oil, as I use a product on my hair to help keep it's shape for blowdrying and straightening that I also do everyday. My hair gets gunked down after about three days of this, on top of the shampoo and conditioner I use normally. This product is just amazing. In fact, the day after using it, when I went back to my other stuff and styled it, it looked better than it had in a while! This also smells nice too. Would DEFINITELY rebuy.
on 12/28/2006 11:56:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
I normally don't find many things worth writing my own review about but I felt like I should with this. I have naturally very curly hair that tends to be pretty dry on it's own, and I flat iron it which only makes it drier of course. I usually don't use clarifying shampoos because I was always afraid I was going walk away from it with a head full of straw. Anyway, my hair has been strangely greasy/sticky lately even after washing, which never happens so I figured it was about time I used some kind of clarifying shampoo to get rid of the buildup. I saw all the good reviews for this, and the fact that it was only 99 cents at CVS I couldn't resist. Used this last night followed with aussie moist conditioner and I could tell an immediate difference. My hair was definitely nice and clean & the buildup was gone but it wasn't dry. I let it dry naturally and as it was drying, I couldn't stop touching it because it was nice and soft, and very shiny. I don't use too many products in my hair besides some heat protectant before the flat iron so I don't think I'll have to use this often, but I'll definitely keep using it periodically to get rid of buildup. Can't speak for how it is for color treated hair, though, as mine has never been colored, but this is definitely an example of one of those products you don't need to spend a ton on to get good results.
on 12/4/2006 10:19:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Oily, Medium, Neutral
Hair: Black, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Black
Original review @ 12/4/2006:
I don't get greasy or dirty hair with this shampoo. It should not be like that as this is "clarifying" shampoo unless you unfortunately got a vintage bottle from the bottom corner of the shelf [I sometimes got such antiques at CVS :( ]. Anyway, this is the cheapest and the BEST clarifying shampoo I've every tried. I tried Pantene, Neutrogena, Herbal Essence, and Suave in the past until I found this Vo5. This is the best without stripping hair but very clean. I don't have tons of hair falling out in the shower with this shampoo. Very clean with soft natural body. Removed build ups from styling products. Love this as it's only 99 cents everyday price at CVS. Smell is OK not very last though. I'd already purchased a new bottle just in case they are discontinued. :) I won't try any other brands for my weekly clarifying routine. ***********
UPDATE 12/12/06: I read Paula Begoun's "Don't go shopping for hair-care products without me" from library and noted that the main ingredient of ALL Alberto Vo5 shampoo is "sodium LAURYL sulfate (SLS)" and it can cause skin/sculpt irritation. I'm middle of my first bottle and not sure to keep using it.
UPDATE 12/22/07: I still have the same bottle and still love this shampoo that I use about once a week. I don't have any irritation. I also use this shampoo to clean my MU brushes. I'll definitely buy again.
Update 3/28/2011: I still use this (often on sales with 77 cents) interchanging with Suave clarifying shampoo for weekly clarifying without any irritation. This is also very good for cleaning bathtub!! One day, I did not have cleanser to clean the tub and I was lazy to go downstairs to get one so I used this shampoo along with old body brush (someone else left there) sitting in there forever ago. It cleaned much better than those brand names bathroom cleansers minus horrible chemical smells. My bathtub's ring (dirty line) was gone. Pleasant scent and way much cheaper. A great multi-purpose cleaner!
on 11/29/2006 8:18:00 AM
Age: Unknown
Skin: Other, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Other, Other, Other
Eyes: Other
I bought this because of the rave reviews. First thing, the smell was OK, not even that fabulous, and it doesn't last two seconds out of the shower. secondly, it made my hair dirtier and greaser than before. i've used this about 7 times sporatically to see if it's just my imaginiation, but no, this stuff is horrible. also the bottle is a nightmare. I would never repurchase this. Atleast with the Suave, my hair felt dry but it was CLEAN. horrible stuff.
Popular Shampoos


text:
Chicken Stock
When making chicken stock do you cover it or simmer it uncovered? I never know for sure.
I always cover. This will save energy cost. Evaporation will require more heat.
Covering also keeps aroma inside. The wonderful smell in your house is the smell no longer in your stock.
There is no need to make stock by boiling. Simmering and rapid boiling makes no difference in the stock cooking temperature.
I usually have too much in the pot to cover! But it does make sense that covering would save on energy. Sometimes I use my electric kettle to boil water first and then add to the pot.
I find that if the stock comes to a boil, it ends up cloudy rather than clear...simmering will give you clear broth.
I can't believe I'm the only one who is a cover it halfway with the lid type of person - because that's the way Mom always did it - that way I get the benefit of reduction and the benefit of keeping aromas in my pot and a little savings on energy costs I presume.
I put a lid on things where I want to keep the heat in....as carrots steaming in very little water. I remove the lid from things where I want to concentrate the flavors as in a stock or sauce reduction.....and also those things I want to keep from boiling over....as potatoes or pasta.
I put the lid half on and half off those things that seem to be splattering but I still want to reduce.


text:
Singing lessons for all ages and abilities from a skilled and enthusiastic teacher
Heather Heighway is a classically trained and professional singer who lives on the Wirral. She is happy to teach all ages and abilities. Her performance biography is as follows: Heather graduated from Birmingham Conservatoire with First Class Hono
9 miles | Ellesmere Port, Cheshire17 days ago


text: Just wanted to get a thread going, would like to see a lot of the 'oldtimers' from here on the CB, or other boards here too, who maybe have lurked more of recent than in the past, stop by and say hello. Sometimes threads like this start out, in the direction sort of a complaint, one thing leads to another, and then they poof it. As I read those, it's always nice to see folks coming out of the woodwork, so to speak, and say hello, but then they are gone and so are the DIS'ers for the time being. So, I ask, please, not to make this a 'b' session, but rather just one to say 'hi'. Obviously, if it goes in the other direction, it will So, I think this is a harmless enough start, let's see some old faces. I know you are out there, because you pop in on these type of threads when they arise, or others that touch the emotions. Stop by, say hello, maybe meet some new folks along the way too. And if it stays 'nice', I would think the thread will stay too. Okay, who all is out there? And if you are not a lurker, say hello too, open to anybody. PS: I feel like I just started a game of hide-and seek, LOL, counting to a hundred by the tree, no peeking, here I come, LOL.


text:
Ships in 7 to 10 Days
Proper lubrication of your foam filter will help extend engine life! Foam filters, properly lubricated, will help to trap airborne dirt, dust and sand to optimize engine performance. For use with products that have foam filters, such as: Riding Tractors, Push Mowers, Trimmers, Pole Saws and Power cutters.
I found this on the Baileys Online website, http://www.baileysonline.com. I thought you might be interested in seeing it for yourself. Please click on the following link to view the page:


text:
The Google Navy 259
from the but-it's-on-the-internet dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
But there's the matter of pizza delivery.
So presumably these ships will connect through a series of Google-Sats in geo-stationary orbits, linking to a Google-hub in each country. And behold, Google shall inherit the Earth. Thankfully, a network of Microsoft terrorists will be able to track then using Virtual Earth and infect the servers with Windows, thus rendering them useless and saving us all.
It will be water logged!
No problem, 120 angstrom is a really really short distance.
GoogleBoat will GoogleFloat to a (Google)Safe (Google)Location.
AC at 2 cycles per day.
I think they can manage 12 nano meters
... but patenting it? WTF?
Sorry, Google, but the patent really doesn't fit with "don't be evil." Do you guys remember that phrase?
even worse, it's a submarine patent!
Ohhhh the year was 1778
How i wish i was in sherbrooke nowwww.
A letter of marque came from the king for the scummiest vessel i'd ever seen!
True but government sanction piracy would have to consist of smaller forces to maintain plausible deniability. The kind of piracy you're describing is the kind i can see getting it's ass kicked if google hired a security force with the kind of revenue they'd have to be making to justify these kinds of ships to begin with.
The only question after that would be when it becomes profitable to do so despite considering those costs.
Google Earth sees the pirates before they get close. I'm not sure what Google Boat does then, but it may involve ninjas.
Ahem... that would be Google Ninjas(TM).
... but they're still in beta.
Every company dies. But not every company truly lives.
That's unpossible. More pirates would cause a corresponding drop in global climate temperature.
Ask and you shall receive
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7329799.stm [bbc.co.uk]
Blessed be the Noodly One in all his glory.
Saliva causes cancer, but only if swallowed in small amounts over a long period of time. -- George Carlin


text: TEASER: Various Artists - 5 Years OFF Recordings (Incl. All OFF Acts) - OFF081 by OFF Recordings published on 2014/01/28 23:04:03 +0000 get your MP3´s here: http://www.beatport.com/release/5-years-off-recordings/1230714 get your Vinyls here: http://www.deejay.de/details__140073 Artist: Various Artists Title: 5 Years OFF Label: OFF Recordings Release number: OFF081 Format: Digital / Vinyl Distribution: Baseware Distribution (Digital) / Deejay.de (Vinyl) Releasedate: 10.02.2014 (Digital) / 2014 (Vinyl) File Under: DeepHouse Web: www.off-recordings.com Tracks: 1. Andre Crom, Chi Thanh, Kevin Knapp – While You Stand 2. Leftwing, Kody, Kruse & Nuernberg – Turning 3. Robosonic & Mat.Joe – You On You 4. Purple Disco Machine & Teenage Mutants – Little Treehouse Half a decade together. OFF Recordings has proudly reached the 5 year birthday mark and we are happy to share our celebrations with our loyal fans with an extended tour and a very exciting release project. We tangled our core acts and asked them to work on some special collaborations to spice up our evergrowing catalogue. A perfect family picture consisting of our amazing roster of talent, the ones that will be carrying our unique party flavor all over the world on this series of parties. First comes a 3-way collaboration with our label boss André Crom teaming up with breakthrough producer Chi Thanh and vocal wizard Kevin Knapp to deliver "While You Stand" a deep house bass-driven tune with dominating rap vocals and clever synth arrangements to create a hip-house dancefloor vibe. Next in line we got the praised duo Leftwing & Kody getting in the studio with another couple of brilliant creators, Kruse & Nurnberg, to launch "Turning", a bass-house killer packed with diva vocal snippets and all the ingredients to become a stand out track in any house mix. Another important part of our family are the guys from Robosonic and Mat.joe...who get back together after their great "Got Game" release and send us yet another fantastic bass-house inspired song, with cool vocal sampling and an infectious flow. To close up the package, hit-maker Purple Disco Machine and Teenage Mutant pair up to produce "Little Treehouse", a more percussive number, with a great groove, hip hop stabs and string and an overall mysterious yet dancefloor friendly vibe that will sure drive everyone mad... We are very excited about introducing our whole family to everyone out there, we are OFF recordings and we are here to rock your party!


text:
Web results
Egypt in transition - BBC News
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text:
My first serious encounter with Buddhism was a very emotional one at a crucial time in my life.
I was homeless, unemployed and penniless. My freelance business had gone bankrupt and I was living in a friend's leaky old caravan parked by the roadside outside their home in the Aussie bush. 479 egyéb szavak


text: Google Calendar API Jobs 5 were found based on your criteria Post a job. It's free! Google apps development calendar, docs, sheets etc Hourly – Less than 1 month – Less than 10 hrs/week – Posted March 27 2015 Need to implement some basic tools in our google enterprise calendars and sheets so that we can coordinate our workflow tracking better. Thanks api-development google-apps google-calendar-api google-docs Executive Personal Assistant for Optimal Time Management and Complete Calendar Planning Hourly – More than 6 months – 10-30 hrs/week – Posted March 20 2015 Executive looking for personal assistant who can not only plan the calendar but also constantly improve the efficiency and follow through of the entire process. This includes travel, phone meetings, and events, but it also includes daily lifestyle upgrades such as time for exercise, eating and management of other people. You will have good English and a very pleasant voice and vocal coaching ability. Great organization skills and the ability to work with others to integrate and create a calendar ... appointment-setting calendar-management customer-service email-handling google-calendar-api google-calendar-development phone-support telephone-skills time-management virtual-assistant zendesk Online English Teachers Needed Hourly – 1 to 3 months – Less than 10 hrs/week – Posted Feb. 22 2015 The school was founded in 2010 by a U.S. America in Colombia, South America. As of 2015, Visa English Academy has transformed to an online-only school. Our focus is on business clientelle who need English for doing international trade and services and college students studying for particular exams; however, we also offer classes to children, teens, and university students. Our classes range from: -General English levels A1-C1 according to the Common European Framework -Conversation/Pronunciation -Business English (tourism, finance ... education-technology google-calendar-api google-spreadsheets-api microsoft-excel microsoft-powerpoint skype teaching-english Google API Developer Wanted Hourly – Less than 1 month – 10-30 hrs/week – Posted Feb. 20 2015 Seeking to develop a couple of small and fairly straightforward web form to Google Speadsheet programs. One system is to generate Purchase Orders that are then stored in a Google Docs spreadsheet and the other system is for Client Bookings. Google API programming will be required. Descriptions are below... Purchase Order System DESCRIPTION This cloud based system will allow for the creation of "purchase orders" that are sent to vendors as URL links via email. For creating orders, we (the ... google-calendar-api php Google Calendar API plugin Fixed-Price – Est. Budget: $300.00 Posted Feb. 20 2015 We are using multiple Google calendars from multiple Google accounts. Currently, we can share a calendar from account A with specific person on account B and C, so we can have one calendar showing events from all accounts. However, there is no way to show person's status (busy/available) in all calendars and to be visible to everyone, without sharing calendars. Idea is to use Calendar API to create events in all calendars, basically to synchronize events. If original ... chrome-extension google-apps-api google-calendar-api google-calendar-development


text:
Thanks to Tim Henderson for pointing out that Bart Ehrman's book Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth will be published in hardcover and not only in ebook form, as originally planned. [Read more...]
The Blog of Dr. James F. McGrath, Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University, Indianapolis
Thanks to Tim Henderson for pointing out that Bart Ehrman's book Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth will be published in hardcover and not only in ebook form, as originally planned. [Read more...]
Non Sequitur HT Kristian Petersen [Read more...]
I sometimes wonder if mythicists realize when they are making fools of themselves. If they do, then they are presumably akin to clowns and comedians who provide a useful service in providing us with entertainment. If they are unintentionally funny, then their clowning around in some instances may include misrepresentation of others which, however ridiculous, [Read More...]
The Exodus story contains numerous miracles. But one of the biggest miracles involved in taking the Exodus story literally is only likely to be noticed if you try to correlate the Exodus story in the Bible with external evidence from ancient Egypt, the history of which is well documented not only by royal and other [Read More...]
There have been some further posts around the blogosphere about the Talpiot tomb and related matters featured in a recent Bible and Interpretation article, which I blogged about here. James Tabor offers six links for those who want to "keep up" on the latest about the subject. Antonio Lombatti responded via Jim West's blog (as [Read More...]
Several bloggers have mentioned the upcoming conference and accompanying book, with the title Jesus, Criteria, and the Demise of Authenticity. It might seem that the title could more naturally have been "Jesus and the Demise of Criteria of Authenticity." But I suspect that the wording is intentional – what has changed is not so much [Read More...]
I've been revising The Burial of Jesus: History and Faith and I hope a second edition of it will be available as a ebook at some point in the future. One topic that has given me pause is the intersection of the questions related to the New Testament evidence, the James Ossuary, and the Talpiot [Read More...]
A bit of historic footage from Jerusalem in 1896 has appeared on YouTube (HT John Byron): And from Dănuţ Mănăstireanu, the first in a planned series of videos from a justice tour he participated in. [Read more...]
Mythicism is just one of several categories of implausible claims that one will encounter in connection with Jesus. The Life of Antoninus Pius has a blog post about another one, that proposed by Francesco Carotta, who claims that Jesus was Caesar. Click through to read about it, and why no one ought to find it persuasive. [Read More...]
In discussing areas related to my teaching and interests lately, whether Biblical studies or biological science, the question has come up whether it might not make sense to actually examine an example of pseudoscholarship or junk science in teaching students to recognize the real thing. It is easy enough to say that young-earth creationism is [Read More...]
I probably shouldn't tamper with the wording of a song for the title of this post. Cee Lo Green has sparked a lot of controversy with his New Year's Eve rendition of John Lennon's "Imagine," in which he changed "no religion, too" to "all religion's true." But in fact, what Cee Lo did with the [Read More...]
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text:
Latest 2nd millennium Stories
TORONTO, Sept. 7, 2014 /CNW/ - Sept 06/14 - Toronto - HAIM, LA's literal band of sisters, rock Toronto's Massey Hall.
OTTAWA, Sept. 2, 2014 /CNW Telbec/ - What the seafaring industry fears the most may become a reality.
OTTAWA, Sept. 2, 2014 /CNW Telbec/ - What the seafaring industry fears the most may become a reality.
Sports Conflict Institute's Joshua Gordon and Dr. Ken Pendleton explore the world of NCAA college football with Yale University's Associate Athletics Director Steve Conn.
MIDDLETON, Wis., Aug.
LONDON, Aug.
Janie Langdale is Recognized for her Leadership and Community Involvement Columbia, South Carolina (PRWEB) August 13, 2014
The Ritz-Carlton, Laguna Niguel is among the latest high-profile firms to support CannedWater4Kids (CW4K). Sussex, WI (PRWEB) August 06, 2014 The Ritz-Carlton,
WASHINGTON, July 31, 2014 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- I am honored to be at the White House to witness the signing of the Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces Executive Order.
Edmonton small business owners love the Ram ProMaster EDMONTON, Alberta, July 28, 2014 /PRNewswire-iReach/ -- Local business owners are a big part of what make the Edmonton community
Latest 2nd millennium Reference Libraries
Cartercar is a vehicle manufacturer, founded by Byron J. Carter in 1905, Jackson, Michigan. The company moved to Detroit in 1906, then to Pontiac, Michigan from 1907 to 1915. Originally, Carter started his own company named the Motorcar Company in 1905 after leaving the Jackson Automobile Company. At the end of the year, he moved to Detroit due to financing. The company was renamed the Cartercar Company in 1907 when it relocated to Pontiac, Michigan and merged with the Pontiac High...
The Sega Nomad is a handheld gaming console also known as the Sega Genesis Nomad. It was released by Sega on October 13, 1995 as a portable version of the home based unit the Sega Genesis. This unit is one of the few systems that can play most of the games from any region without an adapter. The system sold around one million units before it was discontinued in 1997. It was codenamed Project Venus during its development as Sega's policy during that era was to name their systems after...
The Fairchild Channel F is a game console manufactured by Fairchild Semiconductor that was released in August 1976. It was the first programmable ROM cartridge-based video game console as well as the first to use a microprocessor. The original name for the system was the Video Entertainment System, but when Atari released their VCS the name was changed to Channel F. By 1977 sales had reached 250,000 and was second to the Atari VCS. The Channel F, using an F8 CPU, produced enough AI to use...
- To play, gamble.
- To impose upon; delude; trick; humbug; also, to joke; chaff.
- A deceitful game or trick; trickery; humbug; nonsense.


text:
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text:
Recent Posts
- Prof. Nouriel Roubini Discusses a Greek Exit from the Euro
- Prof. Robert Engle Discusses the NYU Stern Systemic Risk Rankings
- Nobel Laureate Robert Engle Delivers Inaugural "Gallatin Lecture Series on Banking"
- Prof. Roy Smith Discusses the Impact of Basel III Regulations on the Banking Industry
- Prof. Ian Bremmer on "How to Lead in Ambiguous Times"
Tagsbankruptcy Basel III China corporate governance credit risk Dean Peter Henry Dodd-Frank Ed Altman Edward Altman emerging markets Eurozone Federal Reserve Financial Crisis fiscal cliff India Ingo Walter Kim Schoenholtz Lawrence White liquidity market risk Matthew Richardson Michael Spence MSRM MSRM Alumni Nouriel Roubini NYU Stern political risk Regulatory Risk Richard Levich Richard Sylla risk management Robert Engle Roy Smith sovereign risk Stephen Brown Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh stress testing Student Profile systemic risk Thomas Cooley Viral Acharya volatility William Silber Z-Score Zur Shapira
Tag Archives: market risk
NYU Stern Professor Nouriel Roubini Argues that the US is Keeping the Global Economy Afloat
The following is an excerpt from an op-ed titled "The Single-Engine Global Economy" by NYU Stern Professor Nouriel Roubini on Project Syndicate: The global economy is like a jetliner that needs all of its engines operational to take off and … Continue reading
Posted in Market Risk, NYU Stern, Systemic Risk Tagged global economy, market risk, Nouriel Roubini, NYU Stern, volatility Leave a comment
Understanding the Russian Sanctions by Roy C. Smith and Ingo Walter
The latest tightening of the US and EU sanctions on Russian business and finance will provide an interesting lesson in international political, economic and military affairs. Here are some key issues to think about: These Financial Sanctions Can Be Very … Continue reading
Professor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh on the Cost of Renting vs. Buying
The following is an excerpt from The Wall Street Journal: Buying a home has long been part of the American dream. But rising prices have made renting less expensive in many places. People often aspire to own a home for … Continue reading
Posted in Market Risk, NYU Stern, Structured Finance Tagged market risk, NYU Stern, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, structured finance Leave a comment
The Changing Face of Global Risk
The following is a Project Syndicate excerpt from an op-ed written by NYU Stern Professor Nouriel Roubini on Project Syndicate: The world's economic, financial, and geopolitical risks are shifting. Some risks now have a lower probability – even if they … Continue reading
Posted in Market Risk, NYU Stern, Sovereign Risk Tagged Eurozone, global risk, market risk, Nouriel Roubini, NYU Stern Leave a comment
The Wisdom of the Market
By Peter Blair Henry, Dean, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Dean Richard R. West Professor of Business, and William R. Berkley Professor of Economics & Finance In an era of bubbles, crashes, tarnished reputations, and outrage over the gulf … Continue reading


text:
Australia and New Zealand aren't just boosting the global games of rugby and cricket. The two nations have helped the U.S. private placement market reach a record year of issuance.
According to J.P. Morgan, both countries account for 16% of supply in 2011 to date where volumes of US$46.5 billion have surpassed the 2003 record of US$45.7 billion. Last year, Australia and New Zealand were responsible for 10% of the US$41.6 billion market.
Deal Journal Australia is an up-to-the-minute take on the deals and deal makers that shape the Australian landscape, including mergers and acquisitions, capital raisings, private equity and debt markets. In short, wherever money changes hands. Deal Journal Australia is updated throughout each trading day with exclusive commentary, analysis, data, news flashes and profiles. The Wall Street Journal's Gillian Tan is the lead writer, with contributions from other Journal and Dow Jones reporters and editors. Send news items, comments and questions to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Content engaging our readers now, with additional prominence accorded if the story is rapidly gaining attention. Our WSJ algorithm comprises 30% page views, 20% Facebook, 20% Twitter, 20% email shares and 10% comments.
Subscriber Content Read Preview


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Recent Legal Articles
Domestic Violence
Victoms of domestic violence need to recognize the warnings signs and not remain silent.
by Jon Axelrod
Bankruptcy - What are my options?
A brief overview of consumer options when considering bankruptcy.
by Jon Axelrod
Repossession of Collateral
This article answers the question of whether a secured creditor may use self-help to repossess collateral after the debtor defaults.
by Rod Johnson


text:
Firefox browser
Getting Started with Firefox
Master the most important application on your computer.
For most of us, daily computing is unthinkable without a browser. We use it to communicate, share, research, write, watch movies, and stream radio. In short, the browser stays in the foreground most of the time. Although plenty of good browsers are available on Linux, Mozilla Firefox still remains a popular choice on most mainstream distros, including Fedora.
Even the most inexperienced users can learn Firefox's basics in a matter of minutes. After all, browsing mostly means typing URLs into the address bar and using the Back and Forward buttons. However, Firefox offers plenty of useful features that can vastly improve your browsing experience and make your daily computing more efficient.
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Microsoft Frees Code for .NET Build Engine
MSBuild is now just another GitHub project as Redmond continues its path to the light.
Researchers Demonstrate Hack by Heat
Malware could pass data and commands between disconnected computers without leaving a trace on the network.
Kernel Developers Adopt Code of Conflict
New rules emphasize collegiality in coding.
Ubuntu Switches to systemd
Upstart lands in the dust bin as a new era begins for Linux.
Old Vulnerabilities Are Kept Alive Through Bad Configuration
HP's annual Cyber Risk report offers a bleak look at the state of IT.
Linus Torvalds Announces Linux 4.0
But what do the big numbers really mean?
Microsoft Frees CoreCLR
.NET Core execution engine is the basis for cross-platform .NET implementations.
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Spammers go low-volume, and 90% of IE browsers are unpatched.
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Adobe scrambles to release patches for vulnerable Flash Player.