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3,472,132 ARAIUS 1969 N.J. PERUSSE ET AL HELIGALLY RIBBED TUBING AND METHOD AND AP? FOR MAKING THE SAME 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 19, 1966 v INVENTORS Na r/n00 J Pen/s56 l/l //Du/ 0 6/706 var By fhe/r af/omeys yam e,
Oct. 14, 1969 N R ss ET AL 3,472,132
HELICALLY RIBBED TUBING AND METHOD AND APPARATU FOR MAKING THE SAME Filed Aug. 19, 1966 3 Sheet's-Sheetv F/GZ s mflmd 1 V w s J6. 00 m Z wwm mW OW.
N. J. PERUSSE ET AL HELICALLY RIBBED TUBING AND METHOD AND APPARATUS Oct. 14, 1969 FOR MAKING THE SAME 3 Sheets-Sheet Filed Aug. 19, 1966 INVENTORS Norman J. Pen/55a United States Patent 3,472,132 HELICALLY RIBBED TUBING AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING THE SAME Norman J. Perusse, Bristol, and Wilbur D. Cheever, Wethersfield, Conn., assignors to The Wiremold Company, West Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 523,825, Dec. 16, 1965. This application Aug. 19, 1966, Ser. No. 573,704
Int. Cl. B31c 1/00 US. CI. 93-80 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Flexible and collapsible tubing is made of a strip or strips of coated single or multi-ply paper or other material capable of maintaining a corrugated helically ridged form. A rotating forming ring or tool acts in teriorly on the tubing as it is wound helically on a mandrel so as to press outwardly a corrugation or ridge continuously like a screw thread. The edges of adjacent convolutions of the strip or strips overlap. The formed tubing may be delivered to a compression mandrel upon which the formed ridges are pressed axially closer together.
This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Ser. No. 523,825, filed Dec. 16, 1965 and entitled Helically Ribbed Tubing and Method and Apparatus for Making the Same.
This invention relates to helically wound and corrugated tubing. More particularly, the invention relates to tubing formed from a strip or strips of metal foil or synthetic plastic material or fabric or plain, coated impregnated or lined paper, or other flexible materials or combinations thereof which are capable of being pressed and formed into helical corrugations or ridges and grooves and retaining such formation as the tubing is formed and thereafter.
The invention also relates to a method and machine for making such tubing.
Heretofore, flexible and collapsible helically wound tubing made from thin strips has been formed of various materials. Two-element tubing comprised of flexible and metallic strips with the edges of adjacent convolutions interengaged or interlocked has been widely used in conduction of air and other gases. Such tubing, however, is relatively expensive. Thus, a need exists for flexible tubing made of less expensive materials.
Therefore, one object of this invention is to provide improved helically wound flexible and collapsible tubing made of one or more elements or strips of materials as aforesaid and which may be of single ply or multi ply type and wherein the strips are capable of being pressed and formed into helical corrugations or convoluted ridges and grooves as the tubing is generated.
Another object is to provide a machine for making such tubing continuously from continuous strips of material.
Another object is to provide a novel method for making such tubing.
Another object is to provide such tubing and the means and method for making the same continuously from strip material, with one or more such strips coated or lined with a material or materials so that the resulting tubing is waterproof and impervious to the passage of gases.
3,472,132 Patented Oct. 14, 1969 Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear as it is described in connection with the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a machine embodying the invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section view of the combination of rnandrels and forming ring employed in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary elevational view, partly in longitudinal section, showing single-element tubing in the several stages of its formation.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary elevational view, partly in longitudinal section, showing multi-ply tubing in the process of its formation, with the helical forming and compression stages (which are shown in FIG. 3) broken away.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary detail view showing partly in section and partly in elevation the forming and compression stages and the pressure wheel.
FIGS. 6-11 are diagrammatic sectional views through one-half of variations of tubing showing six different tube wall structures, before the helical convolutions are formed.
FIG. 12 is a longitudinal section view similar to FIG. 2 of a slightly modified form of the invention.
Before describing with reference to the drawings the mechanism for driving the various forming implements and tools which act on the materials to form the tubing, we will describe the assembly, the functions and the cooperation of the tube forming implements and tools in connection with the feeding to the assembly of the raw materials, i.e. the strip or strips of single-ply or laminated material.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 and viewing the invention broadly, a strip or strips of the material or materials to be formed into tubing go through three stages. As is hereinafter described, the strip material is drawn through these stages by the frictional drag of a forming ring 26 which works upon the strip material. The progress of the strip through the machine may also be assisted by a compression mandrel 30 around which the strips are wrapped when formed into tubing, as is hereinafter described. Inclusion of a compression mandrel in the machine is preferable, but it need not always be present. In either event, it is believed that the main force acting to draw the strip along is exerted by the forming ring.
Prior to reaching the compression mandrel, the strip material is acted upon by the forming ring 26 which may have single or multiple threads on its periphery.
The strip material reaches the forming ring by winding helically around a guide mandrel 10.
As will be more fully described hereinafter, the guide mandrel 10 may be stationary or may rotate. The forming ring 26 may rotate in either direction, but it should not remain stationary because only one thread or convoluted rib would be generated for each convolution of the strip, giving as a result tubing of no presently known value. But, in all circumstances of operation, the compression mandrel 30 will rotate. It may rotate freely, or be rotated under power in a certain selected direction, which may be clockwise or anti-clockwise. However, the direction selected for its rotation will affect the formation and operation of the forming ring and guide mandrel as will hereinafter more fully appear.
Referring to FIG. 2, the guide mandrel 10 is hollow and cylindrical with a smooth continuous cylindrical surface and is rotatably mounted on one end of a hollow shaft 20. Mandrel may be rotated by a sprocket 12 keyed to the mandrel by key 14 or the mandrel may remain stationary. It has been found that in most instances it is better for mandrel 10 to be stationary. In such instances, the mandrel preferably will have a narrow shallow helical groove 10g of semi-circular cross section to help guide the strip material passing over it in order to maintain the lead desired on the strip.
The hollow shaft 20 may be rotated by a sprocket 22 to which it is keyed by key 24. The sprocket 22 is located between the mandrel-driving sprocket 12 and one end of hollow shaft 20, while on the opposite end of that shaft is the forming ring. The forming ring is a narrow annular ring 26 which is unitary with hollow shaft 20. The forming ring may be rotated in either direction as hereinafter described. The forming ring has its periphery machined to form a helical thread or ridge 26!. This ridge may be a single thread. To facilitate the starting and forming of the thread-like helical ridge and groove contour of the tubing, the thread ridge 26 of the forming ring tapers from the root, diameter of the forming ring to a maximum at the outgoing end. Alternatively, two or more such ridges may be formed as a multiple thread, tapering as just stated.
When a single lead thread is used on the forming ring, that thread is usually made to total somewhat more than one complete turn of the forming ring in length. When multiple threads are used, their total combined length is still only somewhat more than one complete turn of the forming ring because one thread must end before the next one begins to rise much above the surface of th guide mandrel.
The forming ring is provided so that when a strip of paper PS or other material is fed to and wound around the mandrel 10, helically, and up to and around the forming ring 26, the forming ring creates exteriorly extending helical convolutions in the paper strip PS.
In order that the helical ridge or thread shall cause formation of multiple helical convolutions in each convolution of the strip, like unto formation of an internal thread, there must be a difference in the peripheral speed of the forming ring thread with respect to the speed of the strip material. As above indicated, forming ring 26 may turn in the same direction as the compression mandrel 30 or oppositely.
When the forming ring turns in the same direction, but faster than the compression mandrel, the peripheral speed of the forming ring will be greater than the peripheral speed of the compression mandrel and, thus, of the linear speer of the strip. Under such conditions, the lead of the thread on the forming ring should be opposite to the lead of the strip material.
In aid of understanding what happens under the conditions mentioned, one may draw a comparison with a screw turning Within a nut. If the screw turns and the nut does not, the turning of a right-hand-threaded screw will move the nut from left to right, i.e. forward. This movement will be at the ratio of one thread pitch for each turn of the screw. Alternatively, if the nut is caused to turn in the same direction as the screw, but the screw turns twice as fast, the nut will tend to move from right to left, i.e. backward one thread pitch for each revolution of the nut. However, during the same time the screw will have turned two revolutions and have tended to move the nut forward twice the thread pitch. The net result is a movement of the nut forward only one thread pitch.
Now, if the nut were of compressible material and the screw had but one thread convolution, and if anything retarded the forward movement of the nut, then the single convolution of the screw thread would tend to push each nut thread forwardly towards its neighbor, successively, as the screw thread acted on the nut threads in succession. In that way, the nut threads would be compressed.
In like manner, when the forming ring turns in the same direction, but faster than the compression mandrel (which is to say faster than the strip is permitted to move axially by the compression mandrel), the convolutions, as they are formed in the strip, cannot move axially fast enough. The result is that the convolutions are pressed together as the tubing is formed.
Considering next the alternatives when the forming ring: (1) turns in the same direction, but slower than the compression mandrel, or (2) turns opposite to the compression mandrel, the lead of the forming ring will be in the same direction as the lead of the strip material.
Recapitulating and summarizing, the lead of the threads on the forming ring will be opposite the lead of the strip material only when the forming ring turns faster than and in the same direction as the compression mandrel. This is the preferred condition.
Considering now the relation of the speed of the guide mandrel 10 and of the forming ring 26, when the forming ring 26 rotates faster than the mandrel 10, the tube around the guide mandrel is drawn axially along it by the action of the forming ring on the tube, and the convolutions formed by the ring will then be closely spaced as they are formed and will be compressed as they move along the compression mandrel.
From the foregoing, it may be understood that a tube is continuously formed from the strip material PS, and the wall of the tube is formed continuously with a continuous thread-like helical ridge and groove contour.
It has been found if the strip is wound left-handed and the thread-like ridge is right-handed, or vice versa, that tighter firmer tubing is generated than if the strip is wound in the same direction as the thread-like ridge.
When single element tubing is made of the particular form illustrated in FIG. 3, a single strip is drawn under tension from a supply and is wound around the mandrel in such a way that in one turn of the strip around the mandrel, the strip travels axially along the mandrel only one-half the width of the strip. Thus, on the second turn around the mandrel, the trailing half of the first convolution of the strip is overlapped by the leading half of the succeeding or next convolution of the strip. This condition continues up to the forming ring around which the overlapped strip is also wrapped. The forming ring creates the helical ribbing and, as previously indicated, causes the formed tubing to move axially. In this way tubing is wound having double thickness walls from only one strip.
The invention is not limited, however, to the just described one-half overlap. The overlap may be more or less as desired.
When a compression mandrel is used to compress the tubing as it leaves the forming ring, the compression mandrel 30 is of approximately the same diameter as the guide mandrel 10 and is located on the opposite side of the forming ring from the guide mandrel 10. The compression mandrel is mounted on a shaft 32 coaxial with and within the hollow shaft 20. Bearings 27, 28 at opposite ends of the hollow shaft 10 and compression mandrel shaft 32 are located between those shafts so as to support and position the hollow shaft 20 and, in turn, the guide mandrel 10.
The compression mandrel shaft 32 extends beyond that end of the hollow shaft 20 which is opposite the compression mandrel; and a sprocket 34 is mounted on said extending end for driving said shaft, the sprocket being driven by a chain 340 as hereinafter more fully described. When mandrel 10 is driven, it is at the same speed and direction as the compression mandrel 30.
In order to hold the helically ribbed tubing on the compression mandrel so as to rotate therewith until the tubing moves ofi, four radially movable arms 36 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) are pivotally mounted in four equally spaced longitudinal slots 37 formed in the periphery of the compression mandrel adjacent its free end. The arms are pivoted adjacent their inner ends. Coiled compression springs 38 press against the inner surfaces of the arms and are located in wells or bores in the bottom of the slots so as to constantly urge the arms radially outward. These arms tend to retard movement of the tubing off the mandrel and thus to press the convolutions together, axially, before the tubing moves off the compression mandrel.
The arms 36 also enable the machine to be used satisfactorily with different thicknesses of materials, as the arms press outwardly against the tubing and thus accommodate variations in the diameter of tubing made of different materials, or variations during generation of the tubing made of any particular material or materials. The arms thus avoid the need for fine measurement machining of the mandrel and give latitude in that respect.
The peripheral or circumferential speed of the tubing from the start of its formation on the guide mandrel until it leaves the compression mandrel 30 is the same. Since the forming ring rotates at a different speed from the mandrels 10 and 30, there is slippage between the forming ring and the tubing while the helical ribbing is being formed. There is contraction in axial length of the tubing as the ribbing is being formed.
The linear speed of the tubing axially along its course varies.
On the hollow guide mandrel 10, the longitudinal advance of the tubing approximates the lead on the forming ring times the revolutions per minute of the forming ring, minus or plus one (1), depending on whether the strip lead is in the same direction or opposite the direction of rotation of the forming ring, and depending on how much slippage of the forming ring occurs with respect to the tubing. However, the longitudinal advance of the formed tubing along the compression mandrel is less. Here the convolutions are compressed axially to a lead less than their lead as they were formed originally on the forming ring to an extent which depends on material thickness and other variables.
The compression mandrel is designed to have a minimum circumferential slippage while the finished and compressed tubing is slipping lengthwise. The speed of the forming ring should be such that it passes material equal to one lead of strip material for each turn of the compression mandrel. For example, with a inch forming ring lead and a 1 /2 inch lead of the strip material on the guide mandrel, the forming ring should turn about seven or about five times for each turn of the compression mandrel, the one turn of the mandrel being subtracted or added depending on similar or opposite rotational directions of the mandrel and ring.
Thus, as the tubing leaves the compression mandrel, it has helical ribbed convolutions greater in diameter than the original winding diameter and is shortened in length by the axially compressed convolutions.
In order to assist the rotary movement of the convolutions formed by the forming ring, a rubber covered roller 40 is positioned alongside the compression mandrel so that its periphery may be pressed lightly against the surface of the convolutions of the ribbed tubing. The engagement of roller 40 exerts a drag to retard axial movement of the tubing and thus assists in compression of the convolutions of the tubing axially, At the same time, the paper strip PS is drawn from the supply by the rotation of the roller 40 and compression mandrel 30 and forming ring 26. It has been found, however, that the machine will usually operate satisfactorily without the roller 40 once the generation of the tubing has been started in any way. The peripheral speed of the roller 40 is the same as the peripheral speed of the duct.
The roller 40 is mounted on a shaft 41 rotatably mounted in pillow-box bearings 42, 43 which, in turn, are mounted on the base plate or frame B of the machine.
The roller shaft 41 is driven by a sprocket 44 fixedly mounted on its end and chain 45 trained over it and over another sprocket 46 on the end of an intermediate shaft 47 parallel to and spaced from the axis of roller shaft 41.
Intermediate shaft 47 is journalled in two spaced pillow-box bearings 48, 48 mounted on the base B. Between the bearings 48 and upon shaft 47, a large gear 49 is affixed which meshes with and is driven by a smaller gear 51 aflixed to a secondary drive shaft 50 mounted rotatably in two spaced pillow-box bearings 52, 52. The shaft 50 is driven by a sprocket 55 mounted on its end and a chain 56 which is also trained over a sprocket 57. This sprocket is affixed on a primary drive shaft 58 driven by a source of power through a sprocket 59 afiixed on one end of the shaft 58. The shaft 58 is journalled in bearings 60, 61 mounted on the base B.
On the opposite end of primary drive shaft 58, a sprocket 62 is mounted which by a chain 63 drives a sprocket 22 mounted on the hollow shaft 20 which drives the forming ring 26. The compression mandrel shaft 32 and the compression mandrel 30 are driven by a chain 34c trained over the sprocket 34 on that shaft and over a sprocket 54 fixedly mounted on secondary drive shaft 50. (The arrangement just described is used when the forming ring is to be rotated in the same direction as the compression mandrel 30. If the forming ring is to be rotated oppositely to the compression mandrel, gearing will be introduced between primary drive shaft 58 and sprocket 22 to rotate sprocket 22 reversely with respect to primary shaft 58.)
When the guide mandrel 10 is to be rotated, it is driven by a chain 16 trained over the sprocket 12 on that mandrel and over a sprocket 53 fixedly mounted on the secondary drive shaft 50.
It will now be apparent that the mandrel 10 and 30 and forming ring 26 are driven from the primary drive shaft 58 through chains and sprockets whose teeth and gearing ratios are selected to give the desired speed of rotation as above indicated.
As previously noted, the guide mandrel 10 need not be power driven, but may remain stationary. The machine may be satisfactorily operated either way. Preferably the guide mandrel 10 is not power driven, but is provided with helical grooves (shown only in FIG. 3) to guide strip material. The grooves are necessary when the mandrel is stationary and the strip material stretches, like paper, or has no body stiffness, like vinyl plastic strips. With metal foil like aluminum, the grooving is useful but not necessary.
It is preferable to rotate the mandrel when using paper strips. Practically, the mandrel is power driven or stationary.
The invention may be used to generate multi-ply tubing as illustrated in FIG. 4. In such case, the machine is constructed and operated as before, but two strips PS" and LS are fed to and wound around the guide mandrel 10.
One strip may be a paper strip PS of selected width and the other strip may be a laminated strip such as paper P with aluminum A or other metal foil adhered to one side. If (a) the foil side of the laminated strip LS is placed beneath the paper strip PS" facing either inwarding or outwardly, and (b) if the lead of the winding is one-half /2) the width of the strip PS", and (c) if the width of the laminated strip is one-half /2) the width of the strip PS", the foil will be entirely covered both inside and out in the generated tubing. The same would apply if a plain strip of foil were used in lieu of the laminated strip.
Alternatively, referring to FIG. 3, if a laminated strip were used in place of the paper strip PS, the tubing would have a paper exterior and a foil interior.
As another alternative, if two strips of equal instead of unequal width were used in FIG. 4, the inner strip being a laminate with foil outermost, tubing would be generated with an invisible foil lamination with paper on inside and outside surfaces of the tubing.
As shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, tubing may be made of single-ply strip material with only the margin of the leading edge of one convolution overlapping the trailing edge of the preceding convolution (as shown in FIG. 6) to form tubing having single layer wall thickness; or the leading half of the strip of one convolution may overlap the trailing half of the preceding convolution as shown in FIG. 7 to form tubing having double-wall thickness or the leading one-third of the strip of one convolution may overlap the trailing half of the preceding convolution as shown in FIG. 8 to form tubing having triple thickness walls.
When double-ply material is used (for example laminations of different papers, or foil on paper, or plastic sheeting on paper, or any combinations of laminations of sheet materials) to make tubing with double thickness walls as in FIG. 9, the overlap of leading and trailing edges of one layer are preferably staggered with respect to or inbetween the edges of the other layer.
Also, it is possible, as shown in FIG. 10, to lay an insert of different material inbetween the overlapped trailing and leading edges where the inserted layer will be invisible in the finished tubing.
When two strips of equal width, but of different materials are used to form four-thickness walls as in FIG. 11, one material will show inside and the other will show outside, each to the exclusion of the other.
The foregoing are only some examples of single and multiply multiple wall constructions that can be made under the invention from a laminated strip and a singleply strip, or from two laminated strips, or from two or more single-ply strips. These, when used as above suggested, will produce tubing having a single-thickness wall, a double-thickness wall or any multiple thicnkess wall structure.
Refering now to FIG. 12 wherein a modification of the tube generating parts is illustrated, similar reference numerals are used (but from upward) for parts which are equivalent in FIGS. 1-6. Thus is equivalent to 10.
The following are similarly positioned and similarly operated in FIG. 12 as in FIGS. 1-5. The guide mandrel 110, when driven, is driven by sprocket 112 secured thereto and is mounted on hollow shaft 120, passing therethrough by bearings 113. The hollow shaft carries at one end the forming ring 126 to which it is secured by screw bolts and pins. The forming ring has a thread 126t as in the FIG. 2 form. The shaft 120 rotates in bearings 121 as before and is driven by sprocket 122 which is keyed to it by key 124.
Passing axially through hollow shaft 120 is a compression mandrel drive-shaft 132 supported by bearings 127, 128 at opposite ends. The shaft 132 is driven by sprocket 134 to which it is keyed.
In FIG. 12, the compression mandrel 130 is keyed to compression mandrel drive-shaft 132 by key 131 and is of different form than in FIG. 2. The exit end of the compression mandrel 130 is tapered from a reduced diameter, and formed as a frustum of a pyramid, as at 133. On this portion 133 are slidably mounted several complementary arcuate segments 136 (preferably three or four) for movement lengthwise on the pyramidal portion 133. They are pressed radially against the pyramidal portion by a circumferential coil spring located in circumferential recesses in peripheries of the arcuate segments. Lengthwise extending keys 137 on the pyramidal portion 133 fit in complementary keyways 138 on the interior surfaces of the segments 136 and guide the movement of the segments as well as preventing their sliding across the pyramidal portion 133.
To move the segments lengthwise, a pneumatically actuated rod passes axially through the compression-mandrel-drive shaft 132 which in this case is hollow instead of solid as in FIG. 2. Held on the exit end of the rod 140 is an annular disc or collar 139 which abuts the end faces of the segments 136 so that as the rod 140 is drawn into the mandrel-drive shaft 132, the segments slide up the pyramidal surface of the compression mandrel and move radially outward as they move lengthwise up the mandrel. In reverse, the spring 135 moves the segments radially inward as they move lengthwise.
In order to control the movement of the rod 140, a compressed air cylinder 142 actuates a piston (not shown) on the end of rod 140, in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 12.
Air pressure to the cylinder 142 is controlled by a valve 144 in an air supply pipe 146 so that the segments can be drawn to any position desired along the pyramidal end of the compression mandrel. In that way, the amount of frictional drag of the segments on the formed tubing can be controlled. A bleeder valve 147 is inserted in the air line 146 so that the pressure in the air cylinder can be reduced to remove all pressure on the rod 140.
To control the tension on the strip or strips as they are drawn to and through the machine, adjustable tensioning rolls may be provided. The tensioning means illustrated is exemplative and diagrammatic and is not claimed, per se, as an invention. It may comprise parallel vertical standards 150 for a horizontal lower pair of rolls 152 and similar parallel standards 154 for an upper pair of rolls 156 (only the top rolls of the pairs being visible in FIG. 12). A strip B passes between rolls 156 and a strip B" passes between rolls 152.
Tension of a coiled compression spring 151 may be adjusted by a thumb-screw 153 which penetrates the spring and passes loosely through a plate and threads into a plate 157. The plates 155, 157 are loosely mounted on and bridge the shafts of the top rollers of the pairs 152 and 156. A disc or collar 159 is secured on and turns with the top roller shafts between the plates 155, 157 so that when the thumb screw is tightened or loosened, the brake disc is clamped more or less, thereby adjusting the frictional drag and the tension on the strips B and B" which pass over the guide roll 110 into the machine.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that the arrangement in FIG. 12 provides manual adjustment of the tension of the strips B, B". Also manual adjustment, through the air cylinder of the compression mandrel, is provided so that the convolutions of the formed tubing may be compressed more or less by increasing or decreasing the frictional drag of the segments of the compression mandrel upon the interior of the tubing.
The showing of a wide and a narrow strip in FIG. 12 is merely exemplative. Strips of the same or different widths in the upper or lower locations can be used in FIG. 12 as well as in the forms of FIGS. 1-5. And, the tubing described in FIGS. 6-11 can be made on the FIG. 12 form in all respects as on the FIGS. 1-5 form.
From the foregoing, it is obvious that tubing with composite walls of many types and thicknesses (double wall or other plural wall) is possible within the scope of the invention by using the same or various different kinds of strip material of different or the same width and different degrees of lead along the guide mandrel.
In all the described forms and alternative modifications, the helical ribbing of the tubing locks together the successive convolutions of the wound strip or strips of material so that an integral continuous duct is formed which can be cut into any lengths desired. If desired, the overlapping edges of the strips PS or PS may be glued together by any suitable adhesive with conventional devices for applying adhesive as are well known in the tube winding art. Likewise, the overlapping strips B, B", PS" and LS may be glued together throughout their width or only at their edges by conventional devices for applying adhesives along the selected paths.
The invention is not limited to paper nor to a particular thickness and width of strip. As strip material, synthetic plastics such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride or other plastic materials in the form f hi fil can be used, alone or laminated on another strip. Various types and kinds of paper from smooth surface kraft paper to rough surface paper like paper toweling may be used a well as aluminum or other thin metal foils, so long as the material used is capable of being formed into the desired shape as described, and is capable of retaining such shape and form.
Many variations are possible within the scope of the invention in the construction and operation of the machine and also in the practicing of the method. Each variable can affect the resulting product and some produce products that differ in kind.
In the machine there are the following variables:
(a) the number of thread-like ridges on the forming ring (single, double or multiple).
(b) The pitch and lead of the threads on the forming ring.
(c) The peripheral speed of the forming ring.
((1) The direction of rotation of the forming ring (including none, although none is not practical).
(e) The rotation or stationary condition of the guide mandrel.
(f) The freely rotating or driven condition or absence of the compression mandrel.
In the method, there are the following variables respecting the materials acted upon, in addition to some of the machine variations above mentioned which alter the method and affect the resulting product:
(a) The width of the strip material.
(b) The number of strips.
(0) The Width of each of plural strips relative to each other.
(d) The location of the edges of plural strips relative to each other.
In view of the foregoing, it is apparent that many modifications within the scope of the invention with respect to the tubing, the method of making it and the machine for making it will occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments illustrated and described.
What is claimed is:
1. A machine for generating helically wound tubing from strip material with helical ribbing, comprising stationary strip-material supply means, means to guide strip material as it is wound helically with the trailing edge of one convolution of the strip overlapped by the leading edge of the next succeeding convolution of the strip, and rotatable ridge forming means to exert internal pressure on the wound strip to generate an external helical ridge 45 in the wound strip and cause interlocking of the adjacent convolutions of the overlapped convolutions of the strip and form unitary tubing, and means to rotate said ridge forming means at a different peripheral speed than the speed of movement of said strip material, and means movable with a combined radial and axial motion engaging the interior of said tubing to retard the movement thereof off the machine, and manually controllable means exterior of the tubing to cause movement of said retarding means to increase or decrease the amount of retardation.
2. A machine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the manually controllable means includes a pneumatic cylinder and piston and a manually operable control valve to govern the position of said piston and of said retarding means.
3. A machine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the retarding means is means coaxial with and movable axially with respect to said ridge forming means and said manually controllable means regulate the axial movement of said coaxial means and govern the amount of retardation of said retarding means.
4. A machine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the retarding means includes rotary means over which the ridged tubing passes from said ridge forming means, tapered means on said rotary means, a plurality of segments slidable on said tapered means having combined radial and axial motion as they slide for engaging the interior of the tubing to impart different degrees of frictional drag to retard and vary the movement of the tubing.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,002,896 5/1935 Kopetz 93-80 2,001,896 5/1935 Kopetz 93 s0 2,935,003 5/1960 Harris 93-80 FOREIGN PATENTS 529,484 8/1956 Canada.
536,602 1/1957 Canada.
CHARLES W. LANHAM, Primary Examiner A. L. HAVIS, Assistant Examiner Us. C1,. XrR, 72-49
Patent Citations
Referenced by
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Age: 31
Height: 6-2
Weight: 210
CHARLOTTE, N.C. — Panthers running back DeAngelo Williams says the team has decided to release him after nine seasons.
INDIANAPOLIS -- Arizona Cardinals head coach Bruce Arians, a candidate for the Eagles' head coaching job two years ago, took ano
INDIANAPOLIS -- Wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald has agreed to a two-year deal that will keep him with Arizona.
PITTSBURGH -- The rarely flustered Joe Flacco tossed two second-half touchdowns and the Baltimore Ravens dominated the Pittsburgh Steelers 30-17 on Saturday night in the AFC wild-card game.


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Leaky metal roof...only a couple years old.
We moved into our hourse a little over a year ago. A month ago my wife was pulling something out of a closet in our spare room. She noticed it was had black mold on it. Looking up the wall we noticed a small trickle of water coming from the crown molding. It was raining at the time. Pulling the ceiling tiles down, we discover soggy insulation and a metal roof with no decking. We notice the trickle originates from behind one of the trusses. This happens whenever it rains. I don't know if its related but we also had a small leak develop in our kitchen for one night. We haven't noticed it since that initial time though.
What exactly could be causing this and what would I need to do to fix it. Money is tight at the moment so if there is something I could do myself I would prefer that. If not though I would understand though. Thanks
The most common leaks I've found on metal roofs are where there is a loose or popped nail or loose flashing. That much problem on a newer roof suggests a problem with the initial installation. I'd recommend getting an experienced set of eyes to look it over.
A small hole or improper flashing could be the cause. Can you get into the attic area to try to trace to the source? I have a metal roof and have had minor leak problems twice, both involving snow. In the first case, a huge snow storm put a lot of snow on the roof. When it started to thaw, the foot-deep mass of snow and ice put pressure on a vent pipe that snapped and provided an avenue for water to get in. In the second case, we had another snow and ice buildup on the roof and, when it started to melt, some of the ice created an ice dam that allowed water to pool and get up through one of the standing seams.
In addition to checking inside the attic for signs of leaks, take a look on the roof at areas where there are roof penetrations, like vent pipes, to make sure everything is well sealed. It only takes a tiny gap or break in the caulking to have water get in around a penetration.
ditto...check out flashings, penetrations & gaskets
on screws holding roofing down.
I often find bad gaskets...over tightened to where
they no longer seal, or so that they have split.
visaully inspecting these areas is a start.
go into the attic to see if you can determine where
leak starts by looking at roof decking.
water exits at low point, so leak can be higher
up that you expect.
best of luck.
Energy is bang on, you need to get into the attic, otherwise your looking for a needle in a haystack. Water migrates and a leak many feet away may show anywhere. need to find the source, then seal it form the exterior, not easy job in winter. Weather permitting a leak test with a garden hose starting at the roof peak is in my opinion the best way to test. One slowly sprays water from the exterior while one person is inside looking for where the water starts to show from the interior.
I don't know how old the roof is or if you had it installed but the big seller on metal roofing is the lifetime transferable warranty, is it possible it is warrantied?
I now see around these parts there are contractors offering a vinyl sealer sprayed from the exterior for older metal roofing, I'm sure it's not cheap. Best of luck.
Agree re flashing, incorrect installation , screws etc. It's also possible the gutters/eavestrough could be full or blocked, and the water's backing up. I'd go up in the attic, turn out your flashlight, put hatch back down and let you eyes adjust, and look for light leaks, which might guide you to the leak.
I would avoid the spray-on vinyl thing - that's a half-assed fix that wouldn't last.


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Man Gets 10 Years For VoIP Hacking 149
from the just-think-what-that-is-in-minutes dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
Pena is the first person to be charged by U.S. authorities with VoIP hacking, but he almost avoided prosecution. He skipped bail after his arrest, and was only captured after his Mexican girlfriend turned him in in early 2009.
I've said it before and I'll say it again. NEVER, EVER let your girlfriend know what is going on if you are commiting crimes/running from the law/etc. It gets you in trouble every time.
I've said it before and I'll say it again. NEVER, EVER let your girlfriend know what is going on. It gets you in trouble every time.
and if those were txt messages, it would hold my teen daughter over through at least 6 months.
Sure compromise is good but what difference does it make whether I take the trash out "RIGHT NOW honey!" or if I wait until tomorrow morning as I'm headed-out to work?
The difference is if I take it out "Right Now honey!", she can clean up the mess the raccoons, stray dogs and crows make of it over night.
That gets me out of having to take it out until the next morning.
Normally my wife and I don't argue about stuff, but when she becomes overly insistent something needs to be done right away, or in a very specific way, I'll either give her the yes dear and do it my way anyway or I'll do it her way and make her deal with the consequences. Sometimes she's right and I'm wrong or she's just lucky, but she's pretty well learned if she's going to argue with me instead of doing something herself she had better have a logical argument for it. Like wise, I've learned most of the time it's not worth arguing with her.
I still wouldn't tell her if I was on the run. She'd probably turn me in for not taking the trash out when she told me to.
that's only like ~30 seconds in jail for each minute of phone service he stole. At least they didn't sentence him to full price.
More bars in more places
And all of that is below file sharing copyrighted material. $1 million is restitution? That's barely 1 copyrighted song.
$1 million is restitution? That's barely 1 copyrighted song.
Funny because it's sad.
How can you work when the system's so crowded?


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Tags » Housing News
Up, Up & Away: Existing Home Sales & Prices on the Rise
We're pleased to share this good news from the National Association of Realtors (NAR) about existing home sales (from their January report). Year-over-year, prices in our Northeast region are up 3.2%, while the U.S. 74 more words
Report: Signs point to a healthy – and growing – Twin Cities housing market
The Twin Cities housing market continued to recover in 2014, and improvements in the local economy will help boost the metro real estate market in 2015, the Minneapolis and St. 340 more words
2014 Year End Statistics for Franklin and Washington County
2014 showed very modest increases both in sales volume and number of sales in Franklin county. Total volume was up nearly 5% with the average price of a home up 2.66% for the year. 52 more words
Families without homes enjoy restaurant's gift of Christmas dinner
More than 1,600 homeless and needy families were treated to Christmas dinner at the Rock Bottom Restaurant and Brewery in downtown Minneapolis.
FOX 9 reports that more than 240 volunteers joined Rock Bottom employees to bring the special Christmas Day meal to the guests. 116 more words
Memorial March remembers Minnesotans who died while homeless
Being homeless can be dangerous. People without permanent homes are susceptible to Minnesota's brutal outdoor conditions and often punishing harshness of the streets.
People who died while homeless were remembered Thursday night at the 30th annual Homeless Memorial March and Service in Minneapolis. 248 more words


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"TRANSCENDENCE" writer for "PROMETHEUS" sequel
Shaw and David have blasted off from LV-223, and now the writer who will take us and them to wherever's next has been named.Read more »
Shaw and David have blasted off from LV-223, and now the writer who will take us and them to wherever's next has been named.Read more »
Hey, comic book fans! It's time check out THE AMAZING ADVENTURES OF THE LIVING CORPSE, a film adaptation of the comic book series THE LIVING CORPSE EXHUMED. Anchor Bay Entertainment has released this fantastic CG animated film on DVD/Blu-ray and FANGORIA has a copy to give away to a few lucky fans. Enter the contest by submitting your info requested below. Then pop your buttered popcorn, turn off all the lights and get ready for our undead hero!Read more »
The 1988 cult favorite that memorably united Linnea Quigley and a tube of lipstick has a new chapter on the way, with its original creator once again behind the scenes, and fans can get involved via Kickstarter.Read more »
Actor Ryan Gosling is currently underway on his first feature at the helm, something of a dark fantasy noir entitled HOW TO CATCH A MONSTER. Boasting some stellar leads in Christina Hendricks and Saoirse Ronan, the cat is now out that the performer-turned-filmmaker has cast one of the most entrancing screen presences in horror and film history, Barbara Steele.Read more »
Actor Gunnar Hansen, the original and eternal Leatherface, first told us here about his upcoming book CHAIN SAW CONFIDENTIAL, an in-depth exploration of the making of Tobe Hooper's THE TEXAS CHAINSAW MASSACRE. We now have the latest word from Hansen on the tome, along with the final cover and a publication date.Read more »
The docu-style sci-fi tale EUROPA REPORT concerns a crew of astronauts journeying to the titular moon, believed to hold the possibility (however minuscule) for life. Science-heavy and told sternly, you can get a feel for its impressive visuals and onboard camera aesthetic in this latest clip.Read more »
I have to admit this first: I have been cold toward the HBO show TRUE BLOOD ever since they had the nerve to kill off Christopher Meloni's character, Roman, mid-freakin-season this past year. As time heals all wounds, I've been debating whether I should get back into the show and finish off the second half of this past season, finally catching up before the new season starts on June 16th. As luck would have it, here I find myself reviewing a cookbook that is designed around the show.Read more »
Welcome to another fantastic episode of FRIGHT BYTES with your hosts Lianne Spiderbaby and Steve Mac. In this episode, our two cohosts get dirty in a special homage to the latest EVIL DEAD film, directed by Chad Archibald of Black Fawn Films. Archibald has a new film that is coming out; he is the co-writer and co-producer of ANTISOCIAL, directed and written by Cody Calahan.Read more »
Chucky creator and CHILD'S PLAY writer Don Mancini is attempting to bring the Good Guy Doll back to his downright eerie roots this fall.Read more »
FANGORIA and RAVEN BANNER ENTERTAINMENT want to send four lucky Canadian readers to the exclusive Canada-wide theatrical premiere of NO ONE LIVES.Read more »
A true example of DIY filmmaking, Jimmy Loweree's ABSENCE is coming to theaters July 5, and we've got a trio of exclusive stills to share with you.Read more »
Murder and mania are on the menu for a pair of grassroots genre features coming this fall/winter from Independent Entertainment. Read on for the scoop on the releases, plus a few exclusive photos.Read more »


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Barev Yerkir
Erkri Harcy
Frequency in the broadcast network, every day, except Saturdays and Sundays, and the duration is 25-30 minutes. "Erkri harcy" (Country issue) reflects the most important topic of the day in the format of face to face interview. All the issues of public importance without any restrictions are being discussed. The main hero, participant, author of the political, governmental, diplomatic, public, cultural and sports events is being invited for the discussions.
Araratyan Khohanots
You can learn about the specialties of world cuisines from any source. But only "Yerkir Media" will help you find more about what our grandmothers were cooking and which specialties the Armenian traditional food has. "Araratyan Khohanots" (Ararat cuisine) TV series helps to indentify our chef's skills and enjoy the tastiest snacks.
Jazzi Zham
"Jazz Hour" (Jazz hour) has the aim to prop up this genre of the music, make the youth closer to the jazz art. During the program the jazz man Armen Tutunjyan, presents not only the masters of world jazz art but also the best performances of Armenian jazz.
Ays Ory
Since 1 September, 2007 "Ays ory" (This day) is on air every day without exceptions. During the 6-7 minute releases the authors try to tell about the events taken place years, decades and centuries ago the very same day. All the events have historical, political, cultural importance and significance. The facts are raised from the documents of the Armenian national archives, historical and scientific literature, from the press and archive photos of those times.
Herustafootball +
This is a program which has united thousands of sport fans regardless of their nationality, sex, age or belief. To the delight of all of us Armenian sport is already awake. Armenian victories and successes, as well as world sports and competitions are reflected in the program "Herustafootball +" (TV football +).
"Hamaynkapatker" (Panorama) program touches upon those forgotten during the years, represents the best sides of the people and ancestors. The expansion of the recognition leads to obligation towards present and responsibility towards future. This is the conviction of the program.
Hayi Uzhy


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Interview: Todd Lincoln - Director (V/H/S: Viral, The Apparition, Gorgeous Vortex)March 26th, 2015Interviewed by: Todd Martin
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Book Review: The Pendle Curse - Author Catherine CavendishReviewed by: Dave Gammon
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Emerson Eggerichs explains how the irritating things your spouse does reveal more about you than about your spouse.
Featuring the insights of: Emerson Eggrichs
Read a related article on believing the best about your spouse.
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Awesome. I have it.
Your couch. It is mine.
I'm a cool paragraph that lives inside of an even cooler modal. Wins!×


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1931 Model A "Street Rod". All steel body, 302 V8 with automatic transmission. Roof is from a Chrysler minivan and seats are from a Fiero. This... More
Here we have a 1934 Ford 3 window coupe, a type of car you don't' see everyday. Way cool, this Hot rod was restored... More
1934 Ford Coupe glass body. Red with white flames. 383 Stroker aluminum heads. 700 R trans. Digital dash. 700 miles since built. Red Boyd... More
1930 Ford Model A Coupe Street RodGetting behind the wheel of a classic car is something that stays withYou the feel of the motor... More
1937 Ford Streetrod Drop top. Recently completedAll steel body and fendersChevy 350 V8 700R Automatic transDowns fold down topCustom interiorVintage AC and heatdefrostAMFM CD... More
1938 Ford COE Crew Cab Currently owned by Hall of Fame Rocker, James Hetfield of Metallica Chassis Number: 799T1787395 1938 was the first year that Ford came out... More
Beautifully restored Model A Deluxe 2-Door Phaeton! One of only 2,229 built! Mechanically outstanding and ready to cruise anywhere! Model A collectors should not... More
Remember your great grandfather driving a car like this? This 1932 Ford Model B Roadster is the most sought after collectible cars in the... More
YOU ARE VEIWING ONE OF THE NICEST TOURING SEDANS BEING OFFERED FOR SALE TODAY .IT HAS A LONG OWNER HISTORYOF 38 YEARS IN SUNNY... More
One look and you will be hooked! Placed in the world to serve, these stylish ole' wreckers seem to have personalities of their own. Over the course... More
1930 Ford Model A Northwest Classic Auto Mall advertises this vehicle for the owner. If you are interested in this vehicle or have any questions, please... More
We have not had a Model A quite like this in a really long time. We just took this one in on trade and... More
1931 Ford Model A De LuxeA Model A from Ford is a very nice classic American vehicle which has a very high value for... More
1930 Ford Model A CoupeThis is a very nice and well restored Ford Model A from 1930's. The paint and chrome are in very... More
1936 Packard 120 Straight Eight One Twenty Business CoupeAccording to many people the introduction of the Packard 120 was Packard's savior in the '30's... More
1934 Mercedes-Benz 500 Cabrio ReplicaThe Mercedes 500K is a fabulous prewar car. No wonder that several companies have revived it as a replica. This... More
Brought to you by: SAKOWSKI MOTORS and RIDE FREE MOTORCYCLE and CLASSIC CAR TOURS Los Angeles, CA Classic Cars, Hot Rods, Customs, Motorcycles - Build, Repair, Sales,... More
1932 DESOTO 2 DOOR SEDAN TOURING Northwest Classic Auto Mall advertises this vehicle for the owner. If you are interested in this vehicle or have any... More
1930 FORD MODEL A 5 WINDOW COUPE DELUXE TOURING MODEL Northwest Classic Auto Mall advertises this vehicle for the owner. If you are interested in this vehicle... More
Beautifully authentic frame-off restored '35 Special 46C Convertible Coupe! One of only 933 built! Documented two-owner car with original sales literature! Missouri car its... More
2100 miles on Professional Custom Built Street Rod, Downs body, Show Quality Antique white paint, beautiful sculpted custom tweed & leather interior, 355 ci/350... More
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1931 Ford Vicky Street Rod VIN: W3502706 This beautiful multi-award winning Vicky Street Rod caught the attention of John Hendricks, who placed it in... More
Aluminum Head 427 Big Block Chevrolet V8 With A Weiand Supercharger And Twin Holley Carburetors. MSD Ignition, Aluminized Block Hugger Headers With Full Dual Exhaust, Ron... More
How big an icon is the 1934 Ford 3-window coupe? How about the fact that next to the Shelby Cobra, it's the most reproduced... More
One of 682 Packard Twelves built in 1936! This Dietrich-bodied Convertible Sedan is one of very few ever produced! Packard Beige over brand new Red Leather... More
1938 Ford 81ANice American Classic in excellent condition inside and out. Features - 2 door deluxeFrame off reconstruction Ford Mustang II Front End9" Ford... More
''This is a deuce highboy roadster, code for a 1932 Ford with the fenders tossed but the roadster body still high atop the frame... More
This 1939 Packard Model 1707 is in excellent condition. The 4-door sedan with a Nova sub frame and Nova 308 rear, has a V-8... More
How about a Pearl white 1932 Ford Street Rod? It doesn't get much better than this. Our 32 has a late model 350 Chevy... More


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Image by Paint Annapolis, Awards Juror Billyo O'Donnell
Paint Annapolis 2015
International Plein Air
Competition and Exhibition
Presented by the Maryland Federation of Art
A Plein Air Painting Competition
Plein air is painting outside - rather than in a studio. The term comes from the French 'en plein air', meaning 'in the open air'. Popularized by Impressionists who were particularly interested in the influence of changing light and the effects of light on color when outdoors, plein air painting is now flourishing as its own art form.
Paint Annapolis is a five-day juried plein air painting competition held June 8-13, 2015, that brings to Annapolis plein air painters from around the world. For 14 years it has been a premier event, bringing artists and patrons of the arts together to share in the spirit of the energy and vibrancy of outdoor painting. The event is designed to explore in paint the special colonial architecture, marine atmosphere and overall energy of Maryland's capital city and a former capital of the United States - home to families, business, colleges, and maritime activities.
Paint Annapolis will include painting around Anne Arundel County and Annapolis, an optional Nocturne and Quick Draw.
Selection Juror: Billyo O'Donnell, Nationally recognized landscape artist and plein air painter.
Juror will select 30 participants and 5 alternates.
As part of a cultural exchange with Wexford County, Ireland, at least one artist from Wexford will be chosen to aprticipate in Paint Annapolis
Competition June 8-13
Exhibition June 13-21
Notification March 25 (via email)
Awards Total: $10,000
More information to come
Overview and Paint Annapolis 2015 Schedule
Become a Paint Annapolis Sponsor
Paint Annapolis 2014 was a great success! 27 accepted artists were selected by admissions juror Ned Meuller, Master Painter, and awards were determined by juror Billyo O'Donnell, a nationally renowned plein air painter.
To view the Paint Annapolis 2014 video by John Jensen click here or click play!
Click here to view images taken by Kenneth Tom.
We are already looking forward to Paint Annapolis 2015!
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By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
7/10/2013 (1 year ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
The Texas House has approved a powerful pro-life law that will end the killing of unborn children after 20 weeks in the womb. While the law isn't an outright ban, it is a definite incremental improvement. Anti-life advocates vow to challenge the bill.
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
7/10/2013 (1 year ago)
Published in Politics & Policy
Keywords: Texas, pro-life, law, abortion, protections, women, rights, children
AUSTIN, TX (Catholic Online) - The bill passed the House by a wide margin of 96-49 after a final hour of debate. Politicians had plenty of time to consider the bill in the weeks prior as it made national headlines.
The bill is expected to pass in the senate and will almost certainly be signed by the supportive governor, Rick Perry.
"The tremendous outpouring of support for this legislation has demonstrated how Texas stands for life, and I commend everyone who wore blue, turned out and spoke up in support of life in our state," Gov. Rick Perry said in a statement. "Now is not the time to waver, however, as the Senate continues its important work in support of women's health and protecting the lives of our most vulnerable Texans."
Anti-life demonstrators frequently disrupted previous proceedings on the bill and during today's historic vote, one woman stood and shouted, "I am a woman of color. I object to these proceedings." The woman was not identified to the media and she was removed from the chamber.
As a woman, and a person of color, any objection she should rightfully have is that the law stops short of banning a barbaric practice that was originally promoted to destroy the lives of African American children and today takes the lives of tens of thousands of female victims every year in Texas.
Still, the bill is an improvement on current law.
Women who seek abortions will also enjoy greater protections for their life and health. The law builds safeguards that ensure these invasive procedures are only performed at ambulatory surgical centers. The law also protects women who choose to consume abortifacient chemical pills, and asks doctors to have hospital privileges within 30 miles of their offices where such procedures occur.
Despite the doublespeak that is commonly used by anti-life proponents, Republicans and other pro-life advocates are not seeking to destroy freedom, but to create it. Each new life brought into the world is born into freedom. Conversely, the anti-life camp encourages women to habitually consume chemicals and undergo invasive surgical procedures , and that such dependency equates to freedom.
Instead, freedom is best exercised before the deed that may create life, and every abortion destroys at least one life. Count the bodies, and you will know by the fruits of each, which is right.
St. Jude
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St. Isidore the Farmer
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By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
During the 32 years that current Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid of Nevada has served in the United States Congress, the debt of the federal government has grown $16,955,289,814,977.42, roughly equaling an increase of about $145,131 for every household in the ... continue reading
By Abigail James (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Department of Homeland Security's latest watchdog report reveals the agency's second man in charge, Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, repeatedly "played favorites" when it came to well-connected participants in an investor-visa program. LOS ... continue reading
By Abigail James (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Senator Ted Cruz, from Texas, has become the first Republican to announce a campaign for presidency in the 2016 election. Taking to Twitter, Cruz announced his candidacy with a 30-second video message posted shortly after midnight on March 23. LOS ANGELES, CA ... continue reading
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
What is going on here? Israel, the United States' only clear ally in the Middle East is now facing tough new sanctions from the Obama White House. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - According to Politico's Michael Crowley, "Obama officials must now decide ... continue reading
By Abigail James (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
The United States and international press show signs of strictly favoring the Democratic party. According to the Washington Examiner, a study of 130,213 news articles during the 2012 presidential election shows just how pro-Democratic the news sources were. LOS ... continue reading
By Matt Waterson (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Declining to meet with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu while he was in the United States earlier this month is one thing, but President Obama may have crossed a line by illegally financing an American nonprofit group that was attempting to keep ... continue reading
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Thoughts on vanity/dresser for Master Bedroom
I finally bit the bullet and tried to learn sketch-up this weekend. It is really fun to use. I'm playing around with designs for my dresser/vanity/sink area in the bedroom "nook."
Here is a 2-d picture of my bedroom, with a proposed dresser/vanity in place. (the rug, bed, drapes, bench are fictional, I don't have any of these pieces yet, but I'll probably do something similar to the items pictured). Then pics of the dresser and bed side tables. Please let me know what you think of the dresser (and the bed side tables too).
- I thinking that the dresser will be walnut and blackened (F&B). The walls in my bedroom are F&B Downpipe, Blackened on the trim, white ceilings (I'm having trouble changing the ceiling colour in sketch-up for some reason).
- what do you think of the mix of walnut and painted? Yes, no? Too cute?
- I don't think I want a vessel sink here. I considered a wall faucet, perhaps the Karbon, pictured here (partially upside down, I know). The wall that the faucet is the master bath wall, the plumbing is in there. The back wall behind the dresser is exterior, so no plumbing there.
- What do you think about having the 24" zone for sitting? Am I better off with more lower cabinets? I do sometimes like to sit to do my hair, but typically I stand - perhaps because I have nowhere to sit now?
- I'm thinking about quartzite counter on the 48" sink run, walnut on top of the dresser part. I have a fair amount of leftover quartzite from the kitchen reno (it has been waiting patiently in my garage for 2.5 years).
- I'd love to lose the upper part of the dresser, but I need the storage for all my books and house/design mags!
- The mirror over the 48" vanity will have to have lights embedded on each side (sconces aren't in the works)
- The splayed feet on the bedside tables aren't quite right, but you get the idea.
- I don't have any closet doors on my closets yet (we are viewing the bedroom through the long closet). I'm thinking the doors will be blackened with one walnut accent door.
All thoughts welcome, thanks.
If the top is not for clothing, I would consider making it shallower, taking it to the ceiling and finishing it in the wallcolor/finish to reduce its presence--at least try it in the drawing phase.
I would also do the mirror wall-to-wall and counter to ceiling to make the edges of it all disappear.
I like your design overall but I am not sure you want to have the upper portion have that much presence is what is a horizontally oriented room.
It might be kind of interesting to do a live edge on the quartzite vanity top as if the live edge in the shower room is penetrating the wall into the bedroom.
The live edge quartzite idea is absolutely inspired Pal!
I will try a few different configurations as you have suggested and share later.
A couple of further questions:
- am I silly to want the sink? This would be easier to design without it. I thought it would be handy, and the plumbing is there, but I certainly don't have to have it. A sink in the bedroom is pretty common in the old houses in my neighbourhood too.
- I would really prefer the vanity/dresser to be one level, with no large upper piece. I'd prefer shelves and art on the wall above and a large round mirror on a stand on the counter. But I need storage. Could I use this area below, to the right of the bed (sorry about the creepy drapes)?
I've considered essentially continuing the vanity (probably with a step down to bring it to bedside table height) along this wall to the bed, under the window, but that would screw up the drapes, no? I have 67" from the edge of the bed to the front of the vanity/dresser.
Depending on what you use the upper storage for, you could design the doors to hang art right on them, particularly if you treat them as wall.
Think of a baroque Parisian apartment with boiserie that hides random closets and doors in it's overall design.
I sit and do my make up hair at my bedroom vanity each morning. I have never felt the need for a sink. I am not understanding the need. It gives a real hotel feel to the room, and not in a lux way IMHO. A seating area for hair/makeup is a must for me and the mirror would have to return. Maybe it is just your design, so utilitarian, your area looks more desk like than vanity. I would not want to lose the built in storage. I am loving your large tulips by the way!!
This may be a small concern, but what will you do for a chair at the vanity? With the vanity height the same as the sink height, which I imagine will be waist high, a regular chair will be too low, a bar stool too high unless you cut the legs down. I guess that's why vanity areas are usually dropped down lower than counter tops, to accommodate the chair.
You don't show a chair in your drawing and having a chair there will alter the streamlined look of that area. That isn't a bad or good thing, just something you should think about now so IRL it doesn't look cluttered compared to your drawing.
Another idea, incorporates bed side table on one side - good/bad?? Lots of storage, lowered vanity (30"), blank upper wall for mirror and/or art, no sink.
hhireno - good point, I will add chair in my next attempts. Arcy, great points about the sitting area, thank you. I like a fairly streamlined/minimalist look, but perhaps I could soften it up a bit.
This last iteration is very William Haines, c. 1950s, or Edward Wormley. On the one hand there is something very functionalist and good about it, but on the other it may be a kind of planned obsolescence, just like some of their super functional bedroom pieces.
Their pieces became outmoded because people no longer had large telephones next to their beds, TV sizes changed, and large consoles weren't needed to control TV, Stereo, lighting, drapes and intercom the way that they were a la Rock Hudson in Pillow Talk.
So what happens if part of this construct stops working for you? Then the whole connected piece might become outmoded. I think that it might be best to keep the pieces separate rather than having one specialized piece.
If you think you need the vanity space as an actual make up vanity, I would probably include a sink but I would do something tiny like the Barbara Barry Sink for Her (and $$$700), just good enough for dampening makeup sponges,etc. and a bit of rinsing and hand washing.
As far as seating, you need enough room to sit comfortably for a short period of time maybe even a bit off kilter, but not enough to lounge, so you may be able to skimp a little. I would do Low table height though, of 28-30 inches.
Thanks for the advice Pal. The reality is that I don't really wear much make up at all. I will use a vanity for doing my hair primarily. I will put on my earrings, etc., but the main use for the area is storage. I could use a sink - I often wet my hair when styling, but it certainly isn't a necessity. That Barbara Barry sink is great. I would go small sink for certain.
I'm resisting the version with the recessed upper cabinet and large to ceiling mirror because I think it looks a little too "bathroom." Am I crazy?
I will try to come up with a couple of new or variant designs later tonight or tomorrow, thanks everyone.
I would hang a painting on the door of the upper unit and make it look like "wall". I would have whatever minimal hardware you need to open it, and that's it.
My thought on the mirror is that the less you see the edges of it, the less it is actually an "object". I think the thing that is going to say "bathroom" the most is the faucet. Too bad they don't make retractable ones.


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Greek Life:
No greek life in a town that has nothing to do. You're going to be bored out of your mind more than half the time.
Football weight lifting room doesn't even have bench presses. Only dumbbells and a squat rack.
Off-Campus Housing:
Not positive about this. Never lived off campus
Off-Campus Dining:
1subway,1sonic,1burgerking,1mcdonalds,1tacobell (that closes at 8)
Visitation hours are absurd in a room you're paying for
I got lucky with a good adviser
Party Scene:
There are no parties here. All you have is schoolwork.
Campus Food:
It's bad because there are barely any options.
Campus Housing:
On my tour, I was excited to go to Lindsey Wilson. The dorms they SHOWED US were somewhat tolerable. But as this year went on I was more disappointed in this school every day (putting it nicely.) I received a scholarship paying a percentage of what others are paying (especially out of state) and I feel as though I am not getting my moneys worth. I have had constant problems with dorm life as well as all other freshman. I lived in Weldon Hall (freshman dorm) for a few weeks, but as soon as it hit winter it was intolerably freezing in Weldon. I put in a maintenance request to resolve the issue, but weeks go by and nobody says anything about it. So I move dorms to Parrot Hall. The morning I woke up to take a shower my mind was blown. It was amazing how neglected these bathrooms were, there was black mold all over the shower curtain, the was mold all over the floor around the urinal from people urinating in the floor and on the walls in the bathroom. Not only this, but there were no locks on the stalls. (We begged for these issues to be addressed, it took an irate student who caught SCABEYS (a sexually transmitted disease that grows in standing water and is a parasite.) emailing the president to get these bathrooms cleaned. So I move again to the final freshman dorm, which is Horton. I thought everything was fine there, heat and air conditioning (that I figured out later that you cant control) new windows, and clean bathrooms. But as the night went on, I realized that there was a draft coming from the window. It was -20 that night. So my room was approximately 40 degrees. I was irate. I waited 5 days for someone to fix it because they did indeed know about the problem, but the excuse was that they had other things to do. Not only this, but you'd better hope you have neighbors that don't like any entertainment, because you can hear everything CLEARLY through the walls. The only thing that you wouldn't be able to hear is a whisper. I would suggest not attending.
Off-Campus Housing:
School has age / year requirement to be off campus if not a resident. Campus ln apts were great and new
Health & Safety:
Friend raped and blamed because they were drinking.... One of many, few report because drinking has a bigger reprecussion.
Party Scene:
Most were pretty quiet if on campus... Off campus was better
Job opportunities lacking due to location
Campus Housing:
Depends on the dorm... There are several newer options now
Off-Campus Dining:
The on campus dining is ok... Probably best to stick to that
Local Area:
Um... Theres a lake.... Otherwise be prepared to drive 30min to an hour for anything you cant get at walmart.
the admin have strict rules but it was hit and miss if RAs followed them. Being an RA was a social achievement and several students who broke drinking and visitation rules often ended up RA s and still pulled the same things. As far as administration they were not supportive if you reported issues. Theyve let a few people get away with very serious crimes just because the perpetrators were athletes.
As a graduate student, I can't receive financial aid in the form of scholarships or grants, but it was easy to get loans.
Health & Safety:
The faculty and staff care about the student body and keeping the campus safe.
It's as diverse of a school that I've seen.
Guys & Girls:
everyone is unique in their own way but every kind and always wanting to meet new people.
Drug Safety:
I haven't seen anyone doing drugs, and anyone drinking alcohol is reported quickly.
I earned all that I needed my first year without any problems. They do all that they can to help you find the money that you need.
Campus Quality:
They have a wonderful tutoring center and writing center if you ever have trouble with anything. They also provide plenty of quiet study areas in each building that are open almost all the time.
Campus Quality:
Malvina Farkle day is the best LWC tradition. A day off for community service.
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Book your room at HARRIS Hotel Tuban Bali
Standard Room (HARRIS Room)Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
4-star Art Deco resort in Tuban near Tuban Beach
Situated near the airport, in the city center, this resort is close to Lippo Mall, BIMC Hospital, and Kuta Beach. Also nearby are Tuban Beach and Segara Beach.
Resort Features
In addition to a restaurant, HARRIS Hotel Tuban Bali features an outdoor pool. Other amenities include a bar/lounge and a coffee shop/café.
Room Amenities
LCD televisions come with premium satellite channels. Guestrooms also feature complimentary wireless Internet access, day beds, and air conditioning.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The resort offers a restaurant and a coffee shop/café. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Business-related amenities at this 4-star property consist of a business center and meeting rooms.
Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. 3 meeting rooms are available. This Art Deco resort also offers an outdoor pool, spa services, and tour/ticket assistance. A roundtrip airport shuttle (available 24 hours) and a shopping center shuttle are complimentary for guests. The property may provide extended parking privileges to guests after check-out (surcharge).
- Free airport transportation
- Total number of rooms - 147
- Number of floors - 3
- Bar/lounge
- Business center
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Coffee shop or café
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Free shopping center shuttle
- Airport transportation
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Luggage storage
- Garden
- 24-hour front desk
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Meeting rooms
- Restaurant
- Number of meeting rooms - 3
- Year Built 2002
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Spa services on site
- Outdoor pool
- Television in lobby
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- Premium bedding
- Phone
- Minibar
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Slippers
- Bathtub or shower
- Desk
- Satellite TV service
- Free WiFi
- Air conditioning
- In-room safe
- Partially open bathroom
- Room service (24 hours)
- First-run movies
- Frette Italian sheets
- Individually furnished
- Individually decorated
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Day bed
Where to Eat
HARRIS Hotel Tuban Bali has a restaurant serving breakfast, brunch, lunch, and dinner.
24-hour room service is available.
Nearby Activities
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Rafting nearby
- Skydiving nearby
Spa Services
- Body treatments
- Facial treatments
- Manicures and pedicures
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Special check-in instructions:
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No pets or service animals allowed
- All citizens of Indonesia will be charged the national value-added tax
We should mention
This property offers transfers from the airport. Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. Children 5 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.


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A teenager and a man will appear in court today following a home invasion on the mid north coast where up to 40 reptiles were stolen.
Topics: crime, police, reptiles, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480, coffs-harbour-2450, port-macquarie-2444
The State Government has announced it will buy back two Petroleum Exploration Licences in the Clarence region, knowing how unpopular coal seam gas mining is in northern New South Wales.
Topics: mining-rural, mining-industry, mining-environmental-issues, north-lismore-2480, port-macquarie-2444, coffs-harbour-2450, lismore-2480
Topics: racing, north-lismore-2480
Topics: volunteers, homelessness, relief-and-aid-organisations, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
Posted| Updated
Several beaches along the NSW north coast and Sydney coast remain closed after several more shark sightings, while a memorial service is held for a surfer killed by a shark near Ballina five days ago.
Topics: animal-attacks, shark, water, oceans-and-reefs, surfing, ballina-2478, lismore-2480, sydney-2000, bondi-beach-2026, bondi-2026, manly-2095, byron-bay-2481, north-lismore-2480, nsw
The New South Wales Government says school students in Ballina will benefit from an investment of more than 40-million dollars for a new state of the art high school in the area.
Topics: political-parties, education, government-and-politics, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
Posted| Updated
Beaches along a 15-kilometre stretch of the NSW north coast remain closed while police investigate a shark attack that claimed the life of a Japanese surfer.
Topics: animal-attacks, shark, surfing, oceans-and-reefs, ballina-2478, nsw, north-lismore-2480, byron-bay-2481, lismore-2480
Posted| Updated
A Japanese man and keen surfer who worked as a board distributor is killed in a shark attack near Ballina on the New South Wales north coast.
Topics: shark, animal-attacks, ballina-2478, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480, byron-bay-2481, nsw
A man is recovering in hospital from a suspected shark attack, south of Byron.
Topics: shark, surfing, surf-life-saving, animal-attacks, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480, coffs-harbour-2450, port-macquarie-2444
A man who was badly burned in an explosion at a Casino caravan park has died.
Topics: death, accidents, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
The Nationals Member for Page, Kevin Hogan, has condemned the Prime Minister's decision to give Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, a knighthood saying it has devalued the title.
Topics: australia-day, royal-and-imperial-matters, republic, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
Posted| Updated
A woman has died after falling from a flying fox on a property at Billinudgel in northern New South Wales.
Topics: accidents---other, police, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
The north coast is honouring seven selfless individuals with Medals for the Order of Australia.
Topics: australia-day, community-and-multicultural-festivals, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
The New South Wales opposition leader has pledged to create a 'koala national park' on the north coast, covering more than 300-thousand hectares.
Topics: conservation, environmental-policy, environmental-impact, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
A baby has died after he was rescued from a backyard pool on the north coast.
Topics: death, swimming, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
Police are searching for a man in relation to an armed robbery of a club in Casino.
Topics: crime, police, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
A man will appear in court next month after allegedly threatening people with a chainsaw on a property near Casino.
Topics: crime, police, courts-and-trials, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
The State Government has announced a decision on the future of line fishing from ocean beaches and headlands at 30 mainland marine park sanctuary sites.
Topics: fishing-aquaculture, illegal-fishing, marine-biology, marine-parks, conservation, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480, coffs-harbour-2450, port-macquarie-2444
Metgasco is considering merging with another Petroleum company to give it more resources and money to expand its gas interests.
Topics: mining-industry, mining-rural, mining-environmental-issues, oil-and-gas, industry, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480, coffs-harbour-2450, port-macquarie-2444
Police have arrested another man and woman in connection with on-going investigations into the supply of illegal drugs and gang activities in Northern New South Wales.
Topics: crime, police, drugs-and-substance-abuse, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480, coffs-harbour-2450, port-macquarie-2444
A man will face court today charged with the attempted murder of a man in Lismore.
Topics: crime, police, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480, coffs-harbour-2450, port-macquarie-2444
A man's body has been found in surf at Brunswick Heads in northern New South Wales.
Topics: death, swimming, accidents---other, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
Posted| Updated
A 19-year-old father who killed his pregnant sister in a crash in northern NSW is sentenced to two years' jail.
Topics: accidents, alcohol, drug-use, crime, police, north-lismore-2480, lismore-2480
Posted| Updated
Vietnam has stopped issuing import permits for about $40 million worth of Australian fruit from January.
Topics: quarantine, fruit, pest-management, sydney-2000, lismore-2480, north-lismore-2480, carnarvon-6701, launceston-7250, mildura-3500, young-2594, vietnam
Posted| Updated
Vietnam has stopped issuing import permits for about $40 million worth of Australian fruit from January. With table grapes accounting for 82 per cent of horticultural exports to Vietnam, local growers are desperately hoping to maintain access to one of their most lucrative markets. "It's frustrating, it's annoying and it's a very anxious time for growers," said Australian Table Grape Association chief executive Geoff Scott. "The Vietnamese market is worth over $32 million to the table grape industry so it's important that this gets resolved before our harvest season starts in the first week of January."
Topics: quarantine, fruit, pest-management, sydney-2000, lismore-2480, north-lismore-2480, carnarvon-6701, launceston-7250, mildura-3500, young-2594, vietnam, mundubbera-4626, emerald-4720, st-george-4487


text:
30 theaters set to open in Latin America by '08
TORONTO — Large-format screen exhibitor Imax is entering Colombia with a deal to install a theater in Bogota's Plaza de las Americas, Colombia's largest mall, in the third quarter of 2007."With a population of nearly 9 million, the city of Bogota is an ideal launching pad for the Imax experience in Colombia," said Imax co-CEOs and co-chairmen Rich Gelfond and Brad Wechsler. In all 30 Imax theaters are set to open in Latin America, including Mexico, by the end of 2008.
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Comment · print · T T T+· T- Forest Minister M.S.M. Anandan on Wednesday talking to M. Kumar (28), a resident of Kotagiri who was... ...http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/forest-minister-visits-injured-staff/article7033876.ece?utm_source=RSS_Feed&utm_medium=RSS&utm_campaign=RSS_Syndication
Workers install a Shivaji statue near the Sahar Elevated Road on Tuesday night. When the new Terminal 2 was being built, the existing statue had to... ...http://www.mumbaimirror.com/columns/mumbai-001/The-return-of-the-king/articleshow/46693911.cms
Press Trust of India | Coimbatore March 26, 2015 Last Updated at 00:00 IST Tamil Nadu Forest Minister M S M Anandan today handed over Rs one lakh... ...http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/solatium-gven-to-forest-officials-injured-in-bear-attack-115032600003_1.html
NEW DELHI: In a first of its kind, Ozone Networks, an internet service provider, will allow mobile phone users to connect to any of their free... ...http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/ozone-to-offer-mobile-users-free-access-to-its-wi-fi-hotspots/articleshow/46682628.cms
Comment · print · T T T+· T- A life convict at the Coimbatore Central Prison lost seven fingers in an industrial accident on Friday.... ...http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/convict-loses-fingers-at-work-inside-prison/article7017498.ece
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They say you can't teach an old dog new tricks. But since presidential pooch Bo Obama is only a pup, he's still able to pull off a coup or two — like helping save the universe, for instance.
The real-life flesh-and-fur Bo's skills run more toward waking the nation's chief executive at inconveniently wee hours of the morning and attacking people's shoes. But in the idealized world of comic books, Bo is, well, a superhero. Specifically, he plays a key role in issue 4 of "Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers," a Marvel comic starring a team of super-powered beasties.
"I had just scripted the first issue when the news came out about the Obamas getting a dog," explained the epic's writer, Chris Eliopoulos. "It seemed so appropriate that we jumped on the bandwagon."
Of course, it didn't hurt that an issue of Marvel's "Amazing Spider-Man" featuring a guest appearance by a certain commander in chief had just sold more than half a million copies. "The Obama cover did well, so it just seemed natural," Eliopoulos admitted.
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In the outlandish world of Marvel Comics, Lockjaw is a massive, super-powered bulldog with the ability to teleport anywhere in the universe. The heroic hound enlists a team of other superhuman — er, superanimal — characters to round up the Infinity Gems, alien artifacts so powerful they make nuclear missiles looks like wet firecrackers.
"The final gem is on Bo Obama's collar, a gift from a foreign head of state," Eliopoulos revealed. Thus the Pet Avengers "not only have to save the universe, they have to save the pet."
The pet project had a personal dimension for Eliopoulos — his sons were still mourning the recent death of the family dog. "They're twin 9-year-olds, and they didn't understand," he said. "Everything I write, I write to impress them."
But isn't it hard to write a comic where the main characters are all critters? Not at all, Eliopoulos said: "They're good characters. After the first page, you sort of forget they're animals."
Besides, he added, "Every pet owner puts in words for what his pet is thinking."
"Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers" No. 4 will be on sale in comics shops starting Aug. 12.
© 2013 NBCNews.com Reprints


text:
Full Paper
Synthesis of Partially Graphitic Ordered Mesoporous Carbons with High Surface Areas
Article first published online: 16 DEC 2010
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201000009
Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Advanced Energy Materials
Volume 1, Issue 1, pages 115–123, January 1, 2011
Additional Information
How to Cite
Gao, W., Wan, Y., Dou, Y. and Zhao, D. (2011), Synthesis of Partially Graphitic Ordered Mesoporous Carbons with High Surface Areas. Adv. Energy Mater., 1: 115–123. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201000009
Publication History
- Issue published online: 30 DEC 2010
- Article first published online: 16 DEC 2010
- Manuscript Revised: 22 NOV 2010
- Manuscript Received: 24 OCT 2010
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Supporting Information
- Cited By
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Please note: Wiley Blackwell is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.