text:
A judge in Phoenix ruled today that police can immediately start enforcing the most contentious section of the state's immigration law, marking the first time officers can carry out the so-called "show me your papers" provision.Read More »
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Injunction sought in Arizona immigration case
Opponents have asked a federal judge to delay Arizona authorities from enforcing the most contentious section of the state's heavily debated immigration law.Read More »
Arpaio appeals decision barring suspected illegal immigrant detention in traffic stops
A federal appeals court is considering a request by the self-proclaimed "toughest sheriff in America" to reverse a lower-court decision barring his deputies from detaining people based solely on the suspicion that they're illegal immigrants.Read More »
Arpaio the last of Arizona's immigration trio
Arizona lawman Joe Arpaio is gearing up for what he expects will be the toughest of his five re-election campaigns.Read More »
Arizona police in legal minefield on immigration law
The most contentious part of Arizona's immigration law finally has approval to move forward, surviving a U.S. Supreme Court ruling, a heated national debate and two years of state politics.Read More »
Federal judge OKs contentious part of SB1070
A federal judge ruled Wednesday that Arizona authorities can enforce the most contentious section of the state's immigration law, which critics have dubbed the "show me your papers" provision.Read More »
Arizonans aboard Undocu-bus fault Obama on illegal immigration
Fernando Lopez, an illegal immigrant from Phoenix, rode more than 2,000 miles through 11 states on a 40-year-old bus that broke down twice to deliver a message to the Democratic National Convention: President Barack Obama hasn't done enough to help ...Read More »
Brewer: Letter supports denial of public benefits
Gov. Jan Brewer says she's found support for her executive order that denies public benefits for people who qualify for the deferred deportation policy.Read More »
Lawmakers want Arizona border fence started
Members of the Arizona Legislature's border security advisory committee want the state to begin building a mile of fencing along the border with Mexico even though it has raised only a fraction of the needed money.Read More »
Faith leaders petition Brewer over immigration order
Some Christian activists around Arizona have delivered a petition to Gov. Jan Brewer's office, seeking a retraction of her executive order to bar public benefits for illegal immigrants.Read More »


text: Find this wine Find this wine Annabella Pinot Noir 2011 Smooth pinot noir Pin It Tweet one year ago by Jlarmes71 More posts Annabella Carneros Pinot Noir 2012 Annabella Pinot Noir 2012 7 months ago by Cate Annabella Sonoma Coast Pinot Noir 2011 2011 Annabella Sonoma Coast Pinot Noir one year ago by @njwineandbeer Sonoma Coast Annabella Pinot Noir 2010 $15 at Sigels skillman. Really liked for the price one year ago by Alanabking Annabella Sonoma Coast Pinot Noir 2010 Nice cheaper wine. Good to drink at home:) $12 at Sigels 2 years ago by Alanabking Annabella Carneros Pinot Noir 2009 2009 anabella special edition pinot noir 3 years ago by Leila B.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
KEVIN in NC
MAKES BIKE LOOK ALOT CLEANERRead All Reviews
David in CA
Like the extra capacity and extended riding range. Radiator cap is a little difficult to get to now but an expected trade off with an oversize tank. Fit perfect no issues.Read All Reviews
Rex in NV
Fast swap, perfect fit, a must have for longer rides!Read All Reviews
Christopher in ND
Works as it should, good price, no issues. Very sturdy.Read All Reviews
Christopher in ND
works as it should. Recessed holes for bolts are great for added durability.Read All Reviews
Robert in CO
Ordered the part and received it quickly. Took about half an hour to install and makes the RZR look great and well protected.Read All Reviews
Rocky Mountain ATV/MC.com has every frame and chassis part available so you can customize the function and look of your ATV. Whatever ATV frame-chassis parts you need, you can be sure Rocky Mountain ATV/MC.com will have them at the lowest prices including ATV fuel tanks, A-Arms, tie rods and covers and guards. Maybe you like the look of ATV Nerf Bars or the newest ATV bumpers and want to add those to your own machine. Or perhaps your rocky trail rides are taking their toll on your ATV, requiring you to purchase some ATV skid plates or guards. Customize your ATV to look just how you want it to with ATV frame-chassis parts from Rocky Mountain ATV/MC.com


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An antibody is a protein produced by the immune system to identify and target foreign substances, such as a virus or bacteria.
Expanded Definition
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text: Ohio Department of Transportation Dayton, Springfield Challenge Ohio Traffic Camera Law As Unconstitutional By Lewis Wallace & Associated Press • Mar 19, 2015 Two more cities are challenging an Ohio traffic camera law they say would restrict cities' use of the cameras and are asking county courts to find the law unconstitutional. Dayton and Springfield sued the state Wednesday, saying the law violates their right to home rule authority to set their own policies and regulations. Akron and Toledo earlier filed similar lawsuits. ODOT: This Winter Is 'Record Smashing' By Ohio Public Radio • Mar 19, 2014 Brian Bull, WCPN Polar vortexes, lengthy cold snaps, blasting windchills…essentially it's been a winter wonderland turned arctic nightmare for many in Ohio, especially motorists. ODOT spokesman Steve Faulkner says he's been tracking his department's efforts to keep highways and streets clear and safe since the first snow event in mid-October. Flash-forward to late March, and what do state road crews have to show for it? Ohio May Use Twice The Usual Road Salt This Winter By Associated Press • Mar 3, 2014 A spokesman says the Ohio Department of Transportation may end up using nearly twice as much road salt this season as it typically does for an average winter. Spokesman Steve Faulkner says the agency uses 630 thousand tons of salt in an average winter. It had nearly that much on hand in October, before what has been an unusually cold, snowy season. Ohio Construction Work Could Affect Holiday Travel By Associated Press • Nov 27, 2013 The Ohio Department of Transportation says some construction work will be suspended over the Thanksgiving holiday, but drivers may still come across many work zone restrictions. Among the construction areas is a widening project along Interstate 71 in parts of Delaware and Morrow counties. Transportation officials say they opened a third lane in the area to ease southbound congestion during the holidays for drivers from Cleveland to Columbus. 70 Mph Limit Takes Effect On Rural Ohio Highways By Associated Press • Jul 1, 2013 Drivers can legally zip along some rural interstate highways more quickly as a new 70 mph speed limit takes effect along some sections of roadway around Ohio. The change beginning Monday raises the speed limit in some areas from 65 mph to 70 mph. The Ohio Department of Transportation has said the speed limit is increasing on more than 570 miles of interstate highway. The increase applies to parts of Interstates 70, 71, 75, 76, 77 and 90. It doesn't cover sections of those roads in major metropolitan areas and a few smaller cities along the way. Ohio Awards $7.2M for Safe School Route Projects By Associated Press • Jun 3, 2013 The Ohio Department of Transportation is awarding $7.2 million for projects to help children safely walk or bike to school. The grants announced this week in the Safe Routes to School Program go to 58 projects. The money will help with constructing or improving crosswalks and sidewalks and will support efforts to educate children about being safe on the way to school. Ohio first lady Karen Kasich says the projects encourage walking or biking to school and can help cut pollution and traffic. ODOT Reveals Where New New Speed Limit Applies By Associated Press • May 22, 2013 The Ohio Department of Transportation has revealed which sections of rural interstate highway will have a higher speed limit of 70 mph instead of 65 mph starting July 1. The department said Tuesday that the limit will increase on more than 570 miles of interstate highway. The increase applies to parts of Interstates 70, 71, 75, 76, 77 and 90 but doesn't include sections of those roads in major metropolitan areas and a few smaller cities along the way. More than 300 signs will be made to alert drivers about the new limits.


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text:
Ah I see, thanks for the clarification =)
I asked so I could know what points should I never forget, or to make a more in-depth usage of them.
I enjoy RPG games with some kind of character creation and/or high interactivity with other characters, such as Starwars KOTOR, Deus Ex, Fallout, Soul Callibur III, resident evil outbreak and such. I like linux, python programming, game music and arts(both 2d and 3d, digital or not), and use the Blender Game Engine for my games.
Ah I see, thanks for the clarification =)
I asked so I could know what points should I never forget, or to make a more in-depth usage of them.
And I enjoy your enjoyment of my updates =)
If I may ask, what updates points makes you say that?
Hello fellow lone wolf, welcome to our pack.
I liked how you mentioned it is a family produced game, this is very unique. Wish you the best luck on your project.
I'm happy you liked it =)
I liked your technical approach to development, this project seems in good hands
This artistic direction is quite detailed, the grey pallete adds a mood of opression. Interesting.
I'm happy you liked, I took a special care before selecting the project music artist.
Cool artwork
Hi Kyou =) thanks for the hint, but the description to the side already mentioned a fix, I could not do it before because it was too late in the night. I could had waited to do the complete work, but I like to show the work progression.
I'm happy you liked the concept Kyou =)
Hey, thanks Kyou =)
Hey, thanks for being an active watcher, I added a third option with an image, what do you think of its idea?
I liked the attention for details you put in this game and its overall style. Excellent work.
A creative and funny game. A lot of passion has been put in this game.
An unique concept, I found it interesting
I liked the pixel art of your project.
Good Luck.
Hi dooky101, post a news article at least once a month about your game progress(check to notify our group there) then those of us interested in its genre will be happy to take a look at it, and may even comment on it.
Keep us informed fellow lone wolf
Hello Hakumen,
Well, the spider faction will no longer exist, so this combination will not be possible.
I heard the game music before at soundcloud, pretty good.
Thanks thejamesanderson, lets see how the project develops with time
Hey thanks Kyou! There is still plenty to be shown at the trailer, but lets go one step at a time.
By personal experience with indiegogo(and seeing other friend games there) I think the best bet would be kickstarter.com, as it has far more exposure and final raised amount. The only issue is if you live outside Canada, USA, New Zealand or Australia; which makes things a lot more complicated regarding kickstarter use.
I do the same as you too regarding constant rework of the game while it is still possible, the better the game gets the more probable is it will succeed isn't it?
I also think it is good to bring your public while the game is still not finished because that way they will get more attached to the project.
I'm just jealous which mine will still take some time to be done even with all the cuts...sigh
I will try to get a couple of people to contribute, but my contact network isn't that big. Good luck.
Hi lone wolf, I just saw this today as indiedb does not notify me of group posts. Welcome to our "pack", hope you like our works.
The instructions presentation is looking very artistic, I liked it. One could just make a black box with some text instructions and maybe some images but you made it in a way the player really feels he/she is a pilot reading a manual.
Hi christianSGC,
I'm getting mixed feedback about this one, lets see how this ends. The above is good for tablets, but for pc it adds more complexity to something which should be easy to do, which is navigating to the option you want. Proposal 2 on the other side will work better navigation side.
I liked this game idea, I thought I would never again see a "gene bending" visual novel since one I saw many, many years ago. It is also good to see your kickstarter on indiegogo worked out.
I wish you good luck, from a visual novel dev to another.
I already liked your previous menu design, so I still like the current one. I identify myself with you in your efforts to perfect your project(ex: remaking the menu), as for keeping track of your ideas that is very important, as before I too did that I always had a really cool idea but ended forgetting about it one day later(still regretting).
Regarding "spoiling" your game surprises, I will tell what I am doing currently(just for curiosity sake), I'm showing the most relevant game progress up to a given point into the gameplay itself; between not showing any boss/enemy gameplay and showing it all, I'm for example showing just the gameplay up to the first boss, in a game which will have many I believe there will be no problem.
Keep up the good work.
I'm happy you liked it =)
Looks an interesting game
I liked the thought process about the game story. It gives a more personal feel to the development.
The videos are about the dream the player will have before the game really begins, their meaning will only be understood as the game progresses. There are still 2 parts for the dream.
Hi SwearLoad, thanks for commenting. What do you mean?
Ah, I see. The idea of this image was just to present a quick graphic about the game progress, but I think you're right, nothing like presenting data in a "eye candy" manner. I'm not sure if I edit this one, but surely the next one will have more work on it.
Hey, thanks booman =)
Thanks for commenting! Can you give more details about what you mean? Text shadows or outer sphere shadows? 3D elements on the circles?
These kind of games can easily be addictive, good style choice for your game.
Thanks for the vote! At facebook most visitors voted for option 2 also.
Seems like an awesome game
I'm also a perfectionist, and appreciate those who are/were so, like for example Steve Jobs, who aimed for efficiency, simplicy and beauty. Sometimes I brainstorm so much I end up with a headache or very tired only of thinking.
But I guess 6 years of game dev, even if solo helps too.
Exactly. That is why I take more time to do things, because I take in account every worthy possibility an art/histoy/audio/code can assume before finishing it.
Interesting comment, I will think about it
Hum...maybe; I will have to give it a try at future title video updates. Thanks for commenting =)
Glad you liked it booman! It took me a day or two only thinking about this logo
Good teaser trailer, the sound effects, music, narrator and art style were nicely assembled.
"When you spend the majority of your waking day in isolation working on something"
Yes, very true for indie developers, even more for the ones who work mostly alone; our social lives are sacrificed in exchange for the achievement of our dreams.
Good luck with steam greenlight
Don' worry, if I agree with an observation it is because it do makes sense.
I do think you had come to some interesting conclusions, I will implement them on the revision art for the spider girl and lion centaur. You're also right about the "oriental vibes", I'm using as reference that region associated with hot climate and deserts.
Hey, thanks a bunch for commenting. Having 83+ followers isn't much when they don't comment(like you said about twitter) or really participate.
I guess I will go back to monthly reports too, because maybe(I'm not sure) the game gets more exposition because it appears more; I got the previous features at different sites when I still did monthly updates. I guess I also got more new watchers in the same time period this way.
That twitter subject is funny, because why would it have a "follow" button(the same as a like button) if it wouldn't be to follow what you like instead of being forced to follow any mysterious person(with profiles you doesn't fully like) who start following you?
Thanks again for commenting
Don't forget to prepare a "sale document\" of around 1 or 2 pages where you will use "exalted" language to resume what your game will be about, number of players, if it will have multiplayer, supported platforms, gameplay and such. You can then use it at your indiegogo campaign as its text.
Do not reveal too much details though(the players will need some surprise still), more text doesn't actually mean a better campaign. Imagine you would be trying to convince a company to fund your game at your indiegogo.
Good luck at your campaign.
Exactly. You cannot give them everything they want, but by means of feedback gathering you can try to implement what is possible. Players usually only see the graphical, sound and plot parts of the game, but the complexity of coding new functionality remains hidden, unless they notice many bugs, only then they notice the code.
Very smart move of verifying your public opinion using votation polls, do not do that only now, deploy some more polls in the future, that way the game will be more like what the players will want to play, and their engagement with your project will increase a lot.
Bug tracking is very important too, all the work spent in better collecting bug data will surely pay off as soon as you face a big bug.
I had personal experiences with both subjects
Keep it going and good luck
Glad I could pass the concept! Lunaria citizens may look creepy, but that doesn't reflect their nature, somehow like the Adams family or tim burton art style. You will be able to play as a solarian when the game is complete, which have the opposite concept regarding looks.
Thanks for the comment
I know you would only deliver good content by the images, by what you said then that is it, go for the kickstarter. Gathering constructive criticism before releasing it is a smart move too. I may give you some tips about linux game news sites(and one for mac, but no windows) kickstarter and other subjects if you private message me.
Good luck.
In my humble opinion, from someone who also made a kickstarter once, it would be wise to not hurry in doing a fund raising campaign, unless you really, really need this support now.
I learned the hard way how managing your game exes cross-platform compatibility, libs and pre-game engine coding is quite hard; keep it going fellow lone wolf, soon these issues will be history.
Nice character and art!
Now you mention I hadn't anticipated this as I use the most current Ubuntu version(I do noticed non updated packages at 12.04 due to a friend, but not missing dependencies). Actually you also gave me an idea for post 12.04 ubuntu/overall linux users. Come back after a day or two if you want to test the pre-alpha demo again regarding this.
Thanks for this very useful information AlexVSharp.
Hi booman, I think linux is allright, I use it as sole operational system, both when working in the game and when not(will buy a linux specific notebook also soon); at first glance its gaming market seems to be just starting, I want to be there at the start.
The video is not ready yet, I plan to add sounds and musics to the parts which need them as a last production step; I'm just setting up the base stuff first. Thanks for commenting!
PS: Thanks user Pabo for help with translation fixes.
Thanks friendly Pabo!
Shared your news article on my social networks. Good luck brother, even if the campaigning does not work at the first time, it does not mean your game will not have success and earn money in the future.
I mentioned you at the past news article end, had you seen it?
The game being featured by the fourth time(or is it fifth?) on indiedb top 100 is just a reflection of the passion and effort put on the game project, and the game project itself is a reflection of my will to share my dreams with people, give them another world on which they can be someone else, do what they want and have fun; my will to treat people the best I can, like they were an extension of my individual consciousness.
Questverse achievements also relate to my own victories upon myself.
That is right, if I recall correctly the average time is 2,5 years for such a project.
You're welcome. Usually the work put into a game and its victories are invisible to the naked eye of most, and as such, any judgement about it lacks; showing the game stats is a good way to show the oposite, to be better judged.
So do I hope too, I just need time, if I have it, then the finished base game will happen on the next year. Maybe an alpha in december or january? Not sure yet.
At first I would only show the game current package size, but then ideas start to pop; even my parents got surprised at the final data results, and also did I = )
No problem, helping you I'm also helping myself = ), one must know what the users want to mix with his original project, a game isn't only for the developer, it is also for its players, more to them in fact; by knowing more about you I can deliver you something you will fully like(or most of it), and at the same time making a living for myself(and also have fun). Anyway I do like a lot to treat people well, I only have benefits from doing so, I recommend it.
Interesting, I will take a look at it. I guess it is the eyes region perspective.
I was able to reproduce this in 3D at a good speed recently(I may not use 2.5d for main characters), so such things will not happen anymore I hope, but I do must avoid this for others 2.5D/2D game art.
I would enjoy if you also said that at the votation poll(s)
I did a lot of experimentation today(resizing the squares, moving around, etc) and the above layout still is the best one, I guess it will be the chosen one. Glad you liked it friend.
Yes, too many space snacks =)
As I live on Brazil, it is the only option right after kickstarter(USA only). Campaing already online around 5 days ago.
I noticed GarageBand will chain me to OSX forever; I will attempt using LMMS instead for the next musics(Linux Multimedia Studio), it has better compatibility with resources from other OS's besides its native OS, thing which Garageband don't do, as it tries to close itself to everything else.
Html and css changes are limited by default on your profile(not much freedom), if you really want a page like indiedb minecraft profile, you must go throught the indieDB/modDb support bureaucracy.
They seem to take in account the number os visits the project is receiving at that moment, and keep that position while no other projects also receive visits; and a project usually receive more visits when it is updated with any content. At least that is what I think Pabo, maybe each hour or so.
I'm aware of the possibility of changing the html/css code, but trying to cooperate with indieDB is being quite troublesome, even to just apply the changes I made. I will discard their "cooperation" if customizing the game profile can be achieved under other way.
Thanks for the tip, I shall contact you...right now! =)
Hello! This group objective was only to allow you to show in your profile you were a ¨lone wolf¨ developer, like a badge.
But if you want to share your project news article here and truly use the group page(not just to show in your profile), go ahead without hesitation.
I´m planning a better group image and header too. Good luck to us!
Blender/opengl have issues when you have several alpha planes occupying the same place on the screen, but with different z order; the ships are only showing properly now because the alpha option "alpha clip" is the only one which works, but gives ugly results with objects whose alpha has more alpha levels than full opaque-full alpha. For other complex alpha you have to do your best into using as few alpha planes as possible occupying the same place on the screen(but different z), you also have to watch out for them to have a good distance between them.
Had you used mac Garageband? I used some pure loops from there. The world is a big place, there may be a music similar to this, but this is unknown to me, as I made this music myself without any previous base.
Thanks for watching the Questverse project Pabo!
PS: About your article above, ragnarok online was exactly like you said, not much content, just the next level or new item created by the developers.
Hadn't seen your comment firefox my buddy(indieDb does not seem to notify replys on images or videos); glad you liked the concept.
I do not use photoshop, only free gimp 2.8. The process is you get a reference image, decrease its opacity and try your best into copying it by hand(no filters or plugins) in another layer(start from general details to specific) with a wacom tablet + lasso tool that image. Later you start using the pencil and smudge tool. Since you never used any filter you will get yourself a unique image, with different things compared to the reference image since one cannot perfectly copy something, and one always include something extra from his own mind. If the reference image is not what you want, but almost, gather several reference images and join then the way you want or use them separately.
I shall take in account your feedback mr.Pabo
Thanks for watching the Questverse project! Feel free to opine on its progress everytime you so desire.
Thanks for watching the Questverse project! Feel free to give some suggestions about it anytime you so desire. Thanks again!
Looks like an interesting game, I will play its demo if a linux executable is avaible; also, where is the download link?
Glad I could catch your attention mr.PlaysGames11 = )
Thanks for watching the Questverse project! Feel free to give some suggestions about it anytime you so desire. Thanks again!
Thanks for watching the Questverse project! Feel free to give some suggestions about it anytime you so desire. Thanks again!
Thanks for watching the Questverse project! Feel free to give some suggestions about it anytime you so desire. Thanks again!
Here it is, as I promised I'm mentioning your game development business at my site: Lunarts-studio.com.br
Hello haidme, I'm that guy which posted on your blenderartists thread long ago and you mentioned something about ourselves being 'lone wolves' of the indie game development. I would like to invite you to the indieDB group called 'Team of One Game Development'(link in my profile). This group is exactly about that, also you really do not need to participate actively in the group, just join it to show people visiting your profile your 'lone wolf' nature.
Sorry, I answered but not using the reply to comment button, here is the answer:
Thanks for commenting Hendar23! Did you liked the title Questverse? What I wanted to pass was something like Quest + Universe, hope I had succeeded in that, and not verse as in poetry. Also, feel free to drop some constructive criticism too any time!
Thanks again.
Thanks for watching my Questverse project! Feel free to drop some construtive criticism on my project at any time, thanks again!
Thanks for watching my Questverse project! Feel free to drop some construtive criticism on my project at any time, thanks again!
Thanks for watching my Questverse project! Feel free to drop some construtive criticism on my project at any time, thanks again!
Thanks for watching my project Rayman51!
Thanks for watching my Questverse project! Feel free to drop some construtive criticism on my project at any time, thanks again!
Thanks for watching my Questverse project! Feel free to drop some construtive criticism on my project at any time, thanks again!
Thanks for watching my Questverse project! Feel free to drop some construtive criticism on my project at any time, thanks again!
Thanks for watching my Questverse project! Feel free to drop some construtive criticism on my project at any time, thanks again!
Thanks for watching my Questverse project! Feel free to drop some construtive criticism on my project at any time, thanks again!
Thanks for watching my Questverse project! Feel free to drop some construtive criticism on my project at any time, thanks again!


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Mod Review on Dec 22nd, 2010 - 6 people agree 23 people don't
Truly, the best modification for Yuri's Revenge in the history. Sophisticated campaign even better than original, balanced, interesting design of units. This is not Almost Perfect Yuri's Revenge, it's how Yuri's Revenge should be made by Westwood Studios.


text:
Eymans I-517 may have lost him key support in future
A provision in the failed initiative has caused at least one previous backer to say "no more."
The Mukilteo resident's last ballot measure put him at deep odds with longtime allies in the business community, and it could take a while to regain their trust -- and their all-important financial support.
Some, like the Washington Food Industry Association, vow to sever ties completely after the battle on Initiative 517, which voters overwhelmingly defeated. It would have given signature-gatherers nearly unfettered access to grocers' private property.
"There's a whole bunch of us very active in the business community saying no more," said Jan Gee, the president and chief executive officer of the group, who also helped manage the No on 517 campaign. "We will not be giving Tim money to do an initiative or do a campaign."
Eyman acknowledged it was a mistake to include language that would have expanded where signature-gathering could occur.
"If I had to do it again over again, I wouldn't have put any of that stuff in there," he said. "It is what it is."
But he seemed nonplussed at the idea the food industry association and other business groups would go their own way on initiatives.
"Every initiative is a la carte. Everyone is free to support the ones they like and not support the ones they don't like," he said.
There are others in the business community wary of associating with Eyman, but not as resolutely against doing so as Gee.
"I can't really say one way, or another, what our relationship in the future with Tim Eyman will be," said Jan Teague, president and chief executive officer of the Washington Retail Association.
"I will say if he wants to engage in policy that deals with our industry, it would make some sense that he talk to us, and he didn't. I am hoping that would be a lesson he takes to heart," she said.
Gee said members of the opposition coalition are encouraging leaders of the Association of Washington Business to steer clear of Eyman.
That would be significant because the AWB -- the largest statewide business association with 8,100 members -- has been a major financial supporter of Eyman's last two successful initiatives: I-1053 in 2010 and 1-1185 in 2012. Both measures require a two-thirds vote of the Legislature to raise taxes.
In 2010, the AWB set up an independent committee to help qualify and pass the measure. It spent $617,000 in the effort. That year, Gee's group contributed $5,000 directly to Eyman's political committee.
In 2012, AWB contributed $112,000 in cash to Eyman's organization and provided roughly $450,000 of in-kind donations to help qualify the initiative. That money went directly to the professional signature-gathering firm hired by Eyman.
Given their long ties, AWB leaders aren't ready to turn their back on him.
"I guess I'd have to say it would depend on the issue," Jocelyn McCabe, vice president of communication wrote in an email.
"As you know, we have supported some of his initiatives in the past but AWB did not support his most recent measure, I-517," she wrote. "So we can't rule it out entirely; it would largely depend on the issue."
Eyman said the business community benefits greatly from the anti-tax measures he pushes and would be surprised if they could find anyone to achieve the success he's had.
They've "got a lot of good stuff" out of us, he said.
Jerry Cornfield: 360352-8623; firstname.lastname@example.com
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Karen Finney: African-Americans — consistent with national trends — are more likely to be infected with HIV/AIDS, with rates of heterosexual African-American women in D.C.'s poorest neighborhoods nearly doubling in two years.
Progressive Media Advocates
By Karen FInney
Carole Bartolotto: The problem with concluding that GMOs are safe is that the argument for their safety rests solely on animal studies. These studies are offered as evidence that the debate over GMOs is over. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Lauren Steiner: To our surprise, the regulators didn't try to shut us down. Security didn't storm the room. None of the workshop attendees booed us. So we continued the same chant for three minutes.
Joe Mathews: Thanks to Xi Jinping, Chinese millionaires have propped up the state's sagging real estate market, universities, and companies.


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Local Events
Preston Officially Becomes Russell Fire Chief
Shane Preston officially took over as the Fire Chief for the City of Russell on Wednesday, May 1.
Huelskamp Talks Economy, Hears Concerns at Town Hall Meeting
US Congressman for the First District of Kansas Tim Huelskamp was in Russell Monday to host a town hall meeting and discuss current legislative issues with local citizens.
Area Counties Will Receive Federal Disaster Aid
24 counties in Kansas were recently declared federal disaster areas as a result of a large snowstorm that pounded much of the state in late February.
UPDATE: New USD 407 Activities, Athletics Director Named; Minutes Added from Monday's Meeting
Sean Spoonts of Onaga has been named the Russell High School and Ruppenthal Middle School Activities and Athletics Director after being offered the position at a special meeting of the USD 407 Board of Education on Monday.
RMSI Calling for Membership Renewals
Russell Main Street, Inc. has announced they will host Early Bird Membership Events on April 30 and May 2 to educate, inform and sign people up for RMSI memberships.
Local Officials Urge Importance of Vaccinations after Recent Rabies Case
Recently, a confirmed case of the rabies virus in a domestic dog was reported in Russell, and that has led local officials, such as City of Russell Animal Warden Darlene Rose, to urge folks to get their pets vaccinated.
Diamond S Winery Wins Awards
Diamond S Vineyard, Winery and Brewery of Russell recently won two awards from the Kansas Grape Growers and Winemakers Association.
More Articles...
- Russell Sets New Record Low
- Russell County Tourism is Up
- Report: Warm Temps Needed to Assess Wheat Damage
- Three AD Candidates Interviewed by USD 407 BOE
- Late Season Snow Storm Hits Kansas
- One Woman Injured Saturday in Three Vehicle Crash in Russell
- Dog in Russell Tests Positive for Rabies Virus
- Options Wins Statewide Award for Service to Survivors
- Electric Department Staying Busy
- Heavy Hail Causes Rollover on I-70, Injures Eight
- Hail, then Light Snow for Russell Area
- New Mayor, Re-elected Council Members Sworn In Tuesday
- New Deines Cultural Center Director Named


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Our special coverage of the closest race for years
Explore the personal stories of Syrian refugees in Lebanon
26 Apr 2013 11:57 GMT | Sport, Football, Poland
Bayern Munich and Borussia Dortmund striker Robert Lewandowski have not signed a deal, the newly-crowned champions said on Friday, shooting down widespread speculation of another imminent surprise transfer."Bayern, as opposed to some reports, has no contract with Robert Lewandowski," the Bavarian Champions League semi-finalists said in a brief statement. Bayern, who beat Barcelona 4-0 this week in their Champions League semi-final first leg did not say whether talks were ongoing with the player's representatives.
"Until today we have no offer for him. He has a contract until 2014 without a buy-out clause"
Dortmund General manager, Hans-Joachim Watzke
Bayern stunned Dortmund fans a day before their team crushed Real Madrid 4-1 in the Champions League semi-final first leg on Wednesday with the announcement of a deal with Dortmund attacking midfielder Mario Goetze worth a reported $48.12 million.Bundesliga top scorer Lewandowski, who netted all four goals for Dortmund against Real, has refused to sign a contract extension beyond 2014 and could leave as early as this summer.He, unlike Goetze, does not have a buy-out clause in his contract and could be forced to stay on."Until today we have no offer for him. He has a contract until 2014 without a buy-out clause," Dortmund boss Hans-Joachim Watzke told Bild newspaper. Representatives of the players had said on Thursday the Poland international would not stay on in Dortmund but the 24-year-old has yet to comment on his future. Lewandowski's long-speculated move to Bayern was fanned by the signing of former Barcelona coach Pep Guardiola for next season.Guardiola, who won more than a dozen titles with the Spanish club in a four-year spell before taking a year out, was also cited by Dortmund as youth product Goetze's reason for a sudden change of heart and in favour of their arch-rivals.The Bavarians, who secured their first silverware since 2010 when they won the Bundesliga title two weeks ago, are eager to dominate in the Champions League after losing the 2010 and 2012 finals.
Source: Reuters
Germany deliver Spain another knock-out blow as Dortmund thrash Real Madrid in their first leg Champions League semi.
Sport, Football, Germany, Poland, Spain
Barcelona need to turn around 4-0 deficit in their Champions League semi-final after being blown apart by Bayern Munich.
Sport, Football
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Activists in the Czech Republic demand that a pig farm built over a former Nazi concentration camp be shut down.
Politics, War & Conflict, Human Rights
In religiously conservative Brazil, women risk jail time and their lives to undergo the procedure that is illegal but commonplace.
Health, Human Rights, Latin America
Trash is a fast-growing import in the Scandinavian country, which turns it into heat for people's homes.
Environment, Europe, Sweden
Critics say the UK's home secretary is using Muslims as a 'political punchbag' in a bid to shore up right-wing support.
Human Rights, Politics, Racism
Election commission declares victory for former military ruler, Muhammadu Buhari, over incumbent Goodluck Jonathan.
Politics, Africa, Nigeria, Nigeria Decides
Legally installed government in Tripoli removes Omar al-Hassi as the head of National Salvation Government.
War & Conflict, Middle East, Libya
It is a source of sustenance but also of tension and new political realities are now increasing uncertainty.
Egypt, Sudan, Middle East
A media post-mortem into the UK's surveillance report. Plus, why five years on in Argentina the media looks so familiar.
Media, Edward Snowden, Security
The untold story of how the Lebanese community overcame the odds and found their place in multicultural Australia.
Asia Pacific, Australia, Lebanon
How to keep a telenovela profitable and demanding sponsors happy while inspiring the production team to stay passionate.
Arts & Culture, Mexico, Latin America


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Kresha presents financial flexibility school bill
Rep. Ron Kresha, R-Little Falls, recently presented his bill, House File 1937, in the Education Finance committee. This bill, he said, would give local school districts additional flexibility and control of their budgets to help improve education outcomes.
The bill was laid over for consideration in a future omnibus bill.
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Porcelain Raft – "Unless You Speak From Your Heart" Video
A couple of weeks ago, Porcelain Raft (Mauro Remiddi) teased his upcoming Strange Weekend with the woozy pop of "Unless You Speak From Your Heart," and now that track has a stylized, black-and-white clip. Watch it below.
(via Fader)
Strange Weekend is out now on Secretly Canadian.


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Quick cooking pasta products are extruded in a low temperature process by advancing a partially pre-cooked mixture of pasta flour and water prepared in a preconditioner along the length of a screw extruder through a cooking zone, then through a venting zone and a forming zone, and finally through an extrusion die to yield an extruded product. The mixture has a maximum temperature of 215° F. in the cooking zone in order to substantially eliminate the formation of darkened specks in the final extruded product which would otherwise represent portions of the mixture that are burned during cooking. Limiting the maximum temperature of the mixture in the extruder also greatly enhances the extruded pasta quality by increasing product resistance to overcooking and improving the retention characteristics of the original product integrity. Venting of the gaseous products from the mixture during the time that the latter passes between the cooking zone and the forming zones removes significant amounts of moisture to enable less shear to be imposed on the mixture during the cooking process and to decrease the time required for rehydration of the extruded products. A venting device has a rotatable screw for enabling gaseous materials to be discharged from the mixture while substantially preventing the escape of the mixture from the extruder barrel.
1. In an extruder for processing a material such as flour or the like mixed with water to form an extruded product, said extruder having an elongated barrel with a material inlet and a restricted orifice extrusion outlet adjacent opposed ends thereof, an elongated, axially rotatable, flighted extrusion screw within said barrel for moving said material from said inlet towards and through said outlet, and a vent opening through the barrel and separate from said inlet and outlet openings and located therebetween, the improvement which comprises:
structure for increasing the temperature of said material to the maximum temperature it will reach in said barrel prior to reaching said vent opening, in order to increase the vapor pressure of the water within said material;
a venting assembly operably coupled with said vent opening for removing moisture from said material and lowering the temperature thereof, said assembly including
an enclosed housing secured to said barrel with the interior of the housing in communication with said vent opening;
means for creating reduced pressure conditions within said housing interior for assisting in the removal of moisture from said material; and
shiftable means for preventing significant accumulation of material within said housing interior.
2. The invention of claim 1, said housing being of conical configuration with the smallest diameter end of the housing being proximal to said barrel.
3. The invention of claim 1, said means for creating reduced pressure conditions comprising a vacuum pump.
4. The invention of claim 1, said accumulation-preventing means comprising an elongated, axially rotatable screw element situated within said housing.
5. The invention of claim 4, said housing and screw element being upright.
This is a division of application Ser. No. 930,155, filed on Nov. 12, 1986.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for continuous manufacture of pasta products which may be readily rehydrated by immersion of the products in boiling or hot water for 1.5 to 5 minutes. The method includes the use of a preconditioner to partially pre-cook a flour and water mixture, and also includes the use of an extruder wherein the flour and water mixture is advanced first through a low temperature cooking zone, then through a venting zone and a forming zone, and finally through an extrusion die to yield the products. A significant amount of moisture is removed from the mixture in the venting zone thereby enabling use of greater amounts of direct injection steam into the mixture in the cooking zone without imparting excess shear into the pasta product which results in poor product integrity or adversely raising the temperature of the mixture to a value which would otherwise cause portions of the mixture to burn and form darkened specks in the extruded product.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conventional pasta products are typically manufactured by uniformly combining water and flour such as Semolina and thereafter subjecting the flour and water mixture to extrusion under pressure through a die to shape the mixture into products of the desired shape, such as macaroni or spaghetti. However, conventional pasta products must be cooked for approximately 10 to 15 minutes in boiling water in order to hydrate and gelatinize the starch and transform the extruded product into an edible state.
In recent years, increased attention has been directed toward quick cooking pasta products which can be conveniently rehydrated in 3 to 5 minutes in boiling water. These products may also be mixed with other foods and cooked in a microwave or conventional oven without the need for precooking the products on a stove and thereafter draining the excess water.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,615,667, 4,230,735, 4,243,690, 4,423,082, 4,044,165 and 4,540,592 exemplify efforts which have been made in the past to improve the storage, cooking and visual characteristics of extruded, quick cooking pasta products. Attempts have also been made to decrease stickiness of the products, inhibit the formation of a slimy surface on the cooked product, and increase the integrity of the product with, of course, a minimum of manufacturing time and expense including overall energy costs during the extrusion process.
One particular problem which has been observed to occur during certain types of processes for extruding quick cooking pasta products has been the formation of black or darkened specks in the final manufactured product which decrease consumer acceptability and which may influence the taste of the product after rehydration. In this regard, it has been found that the darkened specks normally represent portions of the flour and water mixture which have temporarily adhered to the extruder screw flighting and have been burned as a result of the relatively high temperatures encountered during conventional, quick cooking pasta extruder processes. Such burned portions subsequently disengage the screw and are discharged through the die opening along with the remaining unburned portions of the mixture to thereby cause the dark specks in the final product which can be readily observed by simple visual inspection.
Furthermore, many of the known processes for manufacturing quick cooking pasta impose excessive amounts of shear on the flour and water mixture during advancement of the mixture through the extruder. Unfortunately, excessive shear of the flour and water mixture causes the final product to have a slimy surface and also decreases product integrity which is measured by the ability of the product to spring back to its original shape after rehydration. Moreover, excessive shear leads to increased extruder energy consumption and mechanical problems such as increased wear on the extruder components.
Hence, it would be desirable to provide a process for manufacturing quick cooking pasta at reduced temperatures in order to avoid formation of burned, darkened specks in the final product while, at the same time, the flour and water mixture are exposed to a minimum of mechanical shear during the extrusion process. Advantageously, such a process would overcome problems caused by practice of known methods such as formation of air bubbles in the extruded products and decreased product tolerance to overcooking. Desirably, the process would enable use of relatively high amounts of moisture during extrusion while reliably insuring that the extruded product is completely cooked before advancing toward a drying station where the products are dried during relatively short periods of time with air at ambient temperatures or temperatures somewhat above ambient.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages noted hereinabove by provision of a low temperature extrusion process for production of quick cooking pasta products which includes passing a pasta flour and water mixture through a preconditioner for 20 seconds to three minutes to partially pre-cook the mixture at temperatures in the range of 150° F. to 210° F. The mixture is then introduced into an extruder for passage first through a cooking zone, then through a venting zone and a forming zone, and finally through an extrusion die to yield an extruded product. The mixture is treated to have a maximum temperature of about 215° F., and preferably a maximum temperature of about 205° F. in order to substantially eliminate a possibility that darkened, burned specks will appear in the extruded product. However, if desired appreciably lower temperature maximums can also be used, e.g., no higher than about 185° F. Pressures within the barrel of the extruder are in the range of 200 psig to 1200 psig.
Importantly, the venting zone provided in the extruder in accordance with the invention causes significant amounts of moisture in the form of gaseous products to be removed from the flour and water mixture before passage of the mixture to the forming zone and to the die. As a consequence, the ratio of water to flour in the mixture during advancement through the cooking zone can be increased which lowers the viscosity of the mixture and thereby causes correspondingly less shear to be imposed upon the same. The extruded product produced exhibits superior integrity after rehydration with a noticeable absence of a slimy feel and appearance of the product surface; moreover, the product has a substantial tolerance to overcooking without measurable detraction from desirable organoleptic properties.
Exposure of the flour and water mixture to the venting zone and the extruder advantageously cools the mixture before entering the forming zone and the die. As such, the extruded product is substantially easier to handle before arriving at the drying station because the product retains its shape and can be severed with a clean cut by a knife held to the face of the die without tearing of the pasta. Additionally, forming the mixture at cooler temperatures deceases the stickiness and air bubble content of the product which reduces the likelihood that the extruded products will clump together and be rendered unsaleable.
It has been found that application of negative pressures to the venting zone of the extruder decreases the time required for rehydration of the manufactured product by approximately one minute and substantially prevents formation of air bubbles in the extruded product in order to increase the transparency of the final product. Venting of the extruder also greatly reduces the moisture of the mixture to enhance the quality of the final product. In preferred forms of the invention, the venting zone is equipped with a device having a conical housing connected to a vent and an upright screw positioned in the housing, and the screw has flights for biasing any portion of the flour and water mixture entering the housing back toward the extruder in a direction opposite from the flow of the vented gases.
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, side elevational view in somewhat schematic form illustrating an exemplary extruder used for cooking and extruding a flour and water mixture into quick cooking pasta products in accordance with the principles of our present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary, plan view of the extruder shown in FIG. 1 with parts broken away in section to reveal twin, flighted screws positioned within a barrel of the extruder; and
FIG. 3 is a typical temperature profile representing the temperature of a flour and water mixture during passage along the length of a preconditioner as well as the extruder shown in FIG. 1.
Turning initially to FIG. 1, an extrusion apparatus 10 is shown and includes an extruder 12 having a barrel 14 with an inlet 16 located below an outlet of a preconditioner 15; the extruder 12 also has an outlet with a die 18. The barrel 14 as depicted comprises nine barrel sections 20-36, although the number of barrel sections may vary without departing from the principles of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, the extruder barrel 14 has walls defining a chamber 38 which is comprised of two frusto-cylindrical, juxtaposed, intercommunicated chamber sections. Two rotatable, flighted, material advancing screws 40 are received in respective sections of chamber 38 and are intermeshed along the majority of the length of the extruder barrel but diverge at the region of the final barrel section 36 and are received within respective, complemental, conical barrel sections in order to split the material being processed into two juxtaposed, noncommunicating streams.
The twin screw food extruder 12 as illustrated in FIG. 2 is manufactured by Wenger Manufacturing, Inc., the assignee of the present invention, and is designated as the Wenger TX Extruder depicted in Wenger Bulletin No. 56-586 which is hereby expressly incorporated into the disclosure herein. The Wenger TX Extruder is also described in U.S. Patent Application, Ser. No. 794,252, filed Oct. 30, 1985 (a continuation of Ser. No. 603,195, filed Apr. 23, 1984) which are also hereby expressly incorporated into the present disclosure. The Wenger TX Extruder has been found to provide relatively high pressure differentials in the twin head outlet sections, and on the order of 500 psi to 600 psi; this factor is believed to be at least partially significant in obtaining the unique results of the present invention.
Referring again to FIG. 1, a device 42 for venting barrel section 32 includes a housing 44 having a conically configured portion 46 and a cylindrical portion 48 that interconnects the conical portion 46 and the extruder barrel 14. The enclosed housing 44 has structure defining a passage 50 which has a conical configuration within portion 46 and a corresponding cylindrical configuration within portion 48. The passage 50 has an outlet 52 and an inlet 54 which is in communication with a vent opening 56 (see FIG. 2) in barrel section 32. Housing 44 also includes a lower, horizontal flat plate 58 which is received in leak-resistant contact in vent opening 56 and covers a substantial portion of the same except for a region immediately adjacent passage 50 within cylindrical portion 48.
The venting device 42 further includes a screw 60 having flights for biasing material entering the passage 50 through the vent opening 56 in an opposite direction toward the chamber 38 of barrel section 32. The upright venting device screw 60 is axially rotatable within passage 50, including areas adjacent passage inlet 54, and is powered by a motor 62 coupled to right angle drive 64.
The passage outlet 52 is provided by a pipe 66 which extends through a cover 68 of the venting device housing 44, and the pipe 66 is C-shaped within the housing 44 so that outlet 52 is directly adjacent cover 68. The pipe 66 is vented to the atmosphere, or preferably is coupled to a vacuum source for inducing a negative pressure within passage 50 and for drawing off gaseous products from material being advanced along extruder 12.
In accordance with the present invention, a low temperature extrusion process is provided for production of quick cooking pasta products, and includes the step of introducing a mixture comprised of pasta flour and water into the barrel 14 of extruder 12. The pasta flour and water mixture is initially prepared in the preconditioner 15 by mixing flour with water and elevating the temperature of the mixture to a level of from about 160° F. to about 210° F. for a residence time of 20 seconds to 3 minutes, although a residence time of 1 minute to 2 minutes is preferred. The preconditioning step also may optionally include the step of adding steam to the flour and water mixture during travel of the mixture along the first one-third of the length of the preconditioner 15.
Desirably, the mixture within the extruder chamber 38 ahead of venting barrel to section 32 comprises about 80 to 50% by weight of pasta flour and from about 20 to 50% by weight of water. Better results have been observed, however, when the mixture ahead of section 32 comprises from about 70 to 65% by weight of pasta flour and from about 30 to 35% by weight of water.
Once the pasta flour and water mixture is introduced into the extruder 12 through inlet 16, the mixture is advanced along the length of the barrel 14 by axial rotation of screws 40. The mixture is sequentially advanced first through a cooking zone in the extruder, then through a venting zone and a forming zone, and finally through holes 70 (FIG. 2) in die 18 to yield an extruded product.
Barrel sections 20-30 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for exemplary purposes represent the cooking zone. The flour and water mixture during advancement through the cooking zone has a maximum temperature of up to about 215° F., although preferably the maximum temperature is about 205° F. Also, the residence time of materials within the cooking zone including barrel sections 20-30 is within the range of about 10 seconds to about 25 seconds, and preferably is approximately 15 seconds.
Barrel section 32 represents the aforementioned venting zone wherein gaseous products are removed from the flour and water mixture as the latter is advanced by screws 40. As the gaseous products are discharged through vent opening 56 and passage 50, vent device screw 60 is rotated to bias any portion of the flour and water mixture that passes from the chamber 38 through vent opening 56 in an opposite direction back toward chamber 38. As can be appreciated by reference to FIG. 1, provision of the upright passage 50 in cooperation with the vertical screw 60 enables the influence of gravity to cause any portion of the mixture within passage 50 to fall toward the screw 60 which, in turn, then advances the same back toward chamber 38. If desired, a wiping element (not shown) may be positioned within the conical portion of passage 50 to scrape lodged portions of the flour and water mixture from the internal surface of housing conical portion 46.
Preferably, the outlet 52 of passage 50 communicates with a vacuum source which provides a vacuum from about 5 to 20 in. Hg. Better results have been observed, however, when the negative pressure within passage 50 is about 15 in. Hg.
The conical portion of passage 50 enables the face velocity of mixture entering the passage 50 to be reduced to a relatively low level as the mixture approaches cover 68 in order to substantially preclude entry of the mixture into vacuum pipe 66. Location of the vent outlet 52 at an upper corner of passage 50 adjacent cover 68 enables a relatively large quantity of the mixture to temporarily flow into passage 50 without danger of entering pipe 66. At the same time, the conical configuration of portion 46 causes mixture collected therein to fall downwardly toward the passage inlet 50 whereupon the positive rotation of screw 60 by motor 62 causes the same to be forced back into the barrel chamber 38.
Again referring to FIG. 1, barrel sections 34 and 36 represent for exemplary purposes the forming zone through which the flour and water mixture is advanced before being extruded through die holes 70. The residence time of the mixture in the forming zone is from about 20 seconds to about 60 seconds, and preferably is approximately 45 seconds. Additionally, the mixture is subjected to a pressure within the forming zone of from about 200 to about 1200 psig, and preferably the mixture in the forming zone is subjected to a pressure of from about 500 psig to about 600 psig.
Both water and steam may be injected into the mixture as the same is advanced along chamber 38. For example, tap water may be injected into the initial barrel section, or barrel section 20, with a temperature in the range of 50° F. to 65° F., and steam may be added downstream of barrel inlet 16 in regions corresponding to barrel sections 24, 26, 28. As another example, water having a temperature of about 180° F. may be injected into the initial barrel section 20, whereby less steam will be required. Other orientations, of course, are also possible.
The barrel 14 of extruder 12 advantageously is jacketed so that coolant water or oil can circulate in the extruder 12 adjacent chamber 38 for subjecting the flour and water mixture to indirect thermal interchange during advancement thereof along the length of barrel 14. Other expedients such as electrical resistance or induction heating could also be employed. Preferably, the mixture during travel through the entire length of extruder 12 has a temperature in the range from approximately 130° F. to approximately 210° F. subject, of course, to the maximum temperatures in the cooking zone as set forth hereinabove. Optionally, the temperature of the mixture in the forming zone is less than the temperature of the same in the cooking zone.
As the mixture is passed from the forming zone of extruder 12 and through the die holes to yield an extruded product, a knife (not shown) held under compression against the outside face of die 18 severs the extruded product to the desired length. Next, the products are advanced to a drying station in order to render the same suitable for storage and transport.
In preferred forms of the invention, the step of drying the extruded products is carried out until the pasta products have a moisture level of about 8% to 14% by weight. However, better results have been observed when the moisture level of the final pasta product is in the range of approximately 10% to approximately 12% by weight.
The extruded products during the drying stage are preferably subjected to a temperature of from about ambient, or about 75° F., to about 180° F. for a period of from about 20 minutes to about 60 minutes. Better results have been observed, however, when the extruded products during the drying step are subjected to a temperature of about 120° F. to about 140° F. for a period ranging from about 20 minutes to 30 minutes.
It has been found in accordance with the principles of the present invention that low temperature extrusion of quick cooking pasta products substantially eliminates the formation of darkened, burned specks of material while decreasing energy requirements. Also, air bubble content is reduced, over cooking tolerance is increased, and product flavor is enhanced. Lower temperatures during the cooking process, in combination with the cooling effect of the mixture provided by venting device 42, facilitates handling of the extruded product prior to the drying station by reducing stickiness of the product and by causing the same to better retain its shape.
Significant amounts of moisture are removed from the flour and water mixture during passage of the mixture through the venting zone in the extruder 12, and as such greater amounts of moisture may be present within the mixture during passage through the cooking zone, thereby reducing the amount of shear that would otherwise be imposed upon the same. Reducing the shear in the cooking zone increases product integrity after rehydration, thereby avoiding tendency of the product to collapse or fall apart once rendered to an edible state. Moreover, reducing the shear imposed on the mixture in the cooking zone avoids sliminess of the product and also decreases overall energy consumption of the extruder 12. The extruded product exhibits superior resistance to overcooking and consequently the quality of the product is superior to products produced by known methods.
Utilization of a vacuum greater than 5 in. Hg. in the venting zone reduces rehydration time by approximately 1 minute. That is, without venting, full rehydration normally occurs after 4 minutes, while the addition of the venting stage causes full rehydration after 3 minutes. The application of a vacuum at the venting zone also substantially prevents formation of air bubbles in the extruded product.
FIG. 3 represents for exemplary purposes a typical temperature profile of the mixture during advancement within the preconditioner 15 as well as along the length of barrel 14. As shown, the temperature of the mixture steadily increases during the travel through the preconditioner 15, and then only slightly increases in temperature during advancement through the cooking zone. The temperature of the mixture drops at the venting zone corresponding to barrel section 32, then steadily decreases as the mixture is advanced through the forming zone represented by barrel sections 34, 36, and drops further during passage through the die holes 70. In this example, about one-half of the cooking of the mixture occurs within preconditioner 15, while the remaining cooking occurs as a result of exposure to temperatures above 140° F.-160° F. during passage through extruder 12.
In this test, a starting flour mixture of 99.5% by weight Semolina flour and 0.5% by weight Myvaplex 600 surfactant was prepared. This dry mixture was then fed to a Wenger TX-80 double screw extruder equipped with a preconditioner and an auger feed hopper and processed to obtain a cooked pasta product.
The TX-80 machine is of the type schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 and terminates in a double screw cone nose die head, but had a total of eight tubular heads or barrel sections.
The dry starting flour mixture (with a moisture content of 12% by weight) was fed into a preconditioner at the rate of 7.03 lbs. per minute and mixed with water introduced into the preconditioner at a rate of 0.83 lbs. per minute. The water and flour mixture in the preconditioner was raised in temperature by the injection of steam introduced at a rate of 0.40 lbs. per minute at 30 psi. Beaters in the preconditioner which may be pitched at different angles to provide a variety of possible residence times were rotated at a speed of 171 rpm and adjusted to retain the mixture in the preconditioner for 1.5 minutes. The mixture when discharged from the preconditioner had a temperature of 200° F. and a moisture content of 25% by weight.
Next, the mixture was fed into the inlet of the extruder at the entrance to the cooking zone, and tap water was introduced to the mixture at the rate of 0.97 lbs. per minute. (However, it is alternatively possible to introduce hot water of a temperature of about 180° F. in order to reduce the required mass flow rate of steam.) The screws of the extruder were rotated at a speed of 161 rpm, and no steam was introduced into the mixture during advancement through the extruder. The load of the extruder was 17.8 KW (kilowatts). The load on the extruder without the mixture present at 161 rpm is about 2.2 KW so that the increased load required by processing of the mixture therein is about 15.6 amps.
Temperatures of the twin barrels were maintained at 197° F., 195° F. and 191° F. for the third, fourth and fifth barrel section respectively. The moisture content of the flour and water mixture in the cooking zone of the extruder was about 33 percent by weight. The sixth barrel section included the vent opening which was subjected to a vacuum of 10 in. Hg. The forming zone of the extruder corresponded to seventh and eighth barrel sections, where the temperatures were 163° F. and 165° F. respectively.
Product rate through the extruder, including the total amount of water added in the preconditioner and the extruder, was 81/2 lbs. per minute. The pressure at the last barrel section adjacent the die was 600 psi, and moisture of the extruded product immediately downstream of the die was 27% by weight. Total open area of the die was 0.547 square inches. The extruded products were cut by a knife to a length for elbow macaroni, and advanced to a dryer. The products in the dryer were subjected to a temperature of 130° F. for 24 minutes, and the dried, extruded products had a final moisture content of 11% by weight. The product was reconstituted in about 4 minutes and exhibited good product integrity and palatability with no appearance of darkened, burned specks.
A procedure was carried out substantially as in Example 1, except that water was introduced to the preconditioner at a rate of 0.71 lbs. per minute, and the screws of the preconditioner were rotated at 170 rpm. Moisture content of the mixture discharged from the preconditioner was 26.5 percent by weight.
In the extruder, steam at 125 psi was introduced at the rate of 0.66 lbs. per minute, and water was introduced into the extruder at the rate of 0.53 lbs. per minute such that the moisture content of the flour and water mixture in the cooking zone of the extruder was 37.5%. In this case, the load to the extruder was 15.98 KW, so that consequently the load required by processing of the mixture therein was about 13.78 KW.
Temperatures in the third, fourth and fifth barrel section were maintained at 203° F., 193° F. and 189° F. respectively. The sixth barrel section was communicated with a vacuum source subjecting the sixth barrel section to a vacuum of 15 in. Hg. Temperatures in the seventh and eighth barrel sections were 182° F. and 177° F. correspondingly.
Pressure in the final or eighth barrel section adjacent the die was 500 psi. The moisture of the extruded product was 27.57 percent by weight, and thus the difference in observed moisture contents of the mixture in the cooking zone and of the extruded product represented moisture removed chiefly at the venting zone, although a small amount of moisture may have been removed at the die opening 70 in the form of steam. Again, the macaroni was extremely palatable and demonstrated good product integrity after rehydration, and no darkened specks were observed.
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Lingering Gas Smell
I was given a Craftsman mower that is a few years old by a friend a few months back and every time I use the mower the smell of gasoline lingers for days on end. This weekend I mowed my lawn and let the mower air out in the yard for two and 1/2 days before bringing it back into the garage before a rain storm. Within 6 hours, my entire house smelled of gasoline from the mower in the garage. Any thoughts on what might be causing this problem?
I doubt that the gas smell is "lingering", I expect it is from an active leak as mentioned above. You don't say what engine this is, is it old enough that it still has a carburator with a "weep" hole in the bottom of air intake? Anyway, if all else fails, buy a good gas line shut off valve, install it below the tank and use it when engine is not running.
Walt Conner
'You have a problem somewhere in the fuel system'
And it's extremely dangerous to have in your attached garage. Leave it outside under a tarp or other temporary shelter until you get it fixed. Simply look for a wet area somewhere on the deck where gas is leaking out. If the mower starts and runs okay with no black smoke from the exhaust, it indicates a leak before the carburetor (tank, fuel line). If it gets flooded and hard to start and blows smoke when it does start, it's internal carburetor, probably the float. I'm guessing yours is leaking prior to the carb. Could just be a hardened, cracked fuel line.
"And it's extremely dangerous to have in your attached garage"
Yah, light switch, garage door opener, compressor and others, might set off an explosion.
Walt Conner
Years ago I had a piece of foreign material stuck between the needle/seat of my Honda HRC216 carb which caused the carb to overflow and drip gas which fumed up my entire house. It also melted the decals right off the deck. Lucky for me the garage door opener didn't make a spark.
Also don't park a dripping mower on an asphalt surface..it makes a heck of a mess.


text: UC Research Repository Community: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/566 2015-03-27T00:00:58Z 2015-03-27T00:00:58Z The imagination of care : caregivers' perspectives on end of life care in rest homes. Swann, Shanonn Pauline Pohatu http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10236 2015-03-17T11:30:11Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Title: The imagination of care : caregivers' perspectives on end of life care in rest homes. Authors: Swann, Shanonn Pauline Pohatu Abstract: This study explores and examines the roles of caregivers within rest home facilities in New Zealand; and specifically, how they unpack and deal with managing the tensions associated with end of life (EOL) care. It adopted a qualitative perspective to enable an exploration of how the experiences of caregivers help guide their practice and understanding of their roles in relation to EOL care. A grounded theory framework was utilised in order to explore how caregivers make meaning and find value in the roles they perform within rest home facilities. This study offers insights into some of the tensions that caregivers face in a working environment where life and death occur simultaneously. It was apparent that caregivers are aware of the many social taboos they must negotiate in order to conduct their work. It was also apparent that they understood that others might perceive their work as dirty but that this did not prevent them from finding job satisfaction and create meaning in their work. Instead, they created meaning by using the conceptual tool the imagination of care. This involved utilising their imagination and past experiences to enable EOL care which represented the dying rites of individual residents but also fitted within their ethic of care. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Tweens, sexualization and cyborg-subjectivity : New Zealand girls negotiate friendship and identity on Facebook. Martin, Erin Deann http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10201 2015-03-02T11:30:11Z 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z Title: Tweens, sexualization and cyborg-subjectivity : New Zealand girls negotiate friendship and identity on Facebook. Authors: Martin, Erin Deann Abstract: In the context of public debates about the 'sexualization' of 'tween' (preteen) girls and their use of social network sites (SNSs), this study explores girls' online practices, experiences and reflections of their engagement with Facebook. This project is part of a growing body of research that prioritizes talk 'with' girls, rather than 'about' girls, as a way of contextualizing issues related to their girlhood. I argue that preteen girls' identities on SNSs can be reimagined as cyborg-subjectivities as girls disrupt binaries through ongoing discursive negotiations of gender and sexuality depending on moment to moment online/offline interactions. Utilizing examples from an online ethnographic observation of eighteen 12-13 year old girls in Christchurch, New Zealand, I discuss how these girls constituted online subject positions through co-constructive relationships with friends. I explore how girls utilized SNS technology to explore and engage with discourses of gender and sexuality. I discuss how girls' 'played' with both conventional and alternative femininities and sexualities in their online photographs and discuss how these images resist classification as 'sexy/innocent', 'children/teens' and online/offline. This research also reconsiders how identity is understood on SNSs and utilizes a poststructuralist theoretical framework to explore how online identities are embodied and 'citational' of shared online/offline subject positions. In addition to ethnographic observation, this research explores girls' talk and reflections about their Facebook practices through a focus group discussion and a qualitative questionnaire. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z Barriers to the Single European Market (SEM) Lim, Jong Sun http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10190 2015-02-23T11:30:12Z 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z Title: Barriers to the Single European Market (SEM) Authors: Lim, Jong Sun Abstract: In 1992 the Single European Market (SEM), based on the Single European Act 1986 (SEA 1986), was due to take effect in the European Union (EU). The SEA 1986 provided four basic freedoms in order to accomplish the SEM without internal frontiers: the freedom of goods, capital, service and the free movement of people. Since then, the SEM has proved a remarkable development prompting some scholars to suggest that the EU is like a country in terms of economy. A great deal of debate has focused on whether the EU is (or is able to develop into) an economic or political union. If the EU currently falls short of political union, is there any chance to develop into a political union in a near future? In order to answer this question I, in light of neofunctionalism, began to consider whether the SEM was fully established in the EU, because the contents of the four basic freedoms, looked at as a whole, including the freedom of people especially, are not less than a political union. If the answer is positive, I can say that political union is a reality and that the neofunctionalist propositions are correct. If not, the proposition that economic spill-over will produce a political spill-over proves defective in areas. This thesis therefore consists of four main chapters, each having three subsections: the freedom of goods, freedom of capital, freedom of service and the free movement of people. Chapter 1 deals with the question of whether the freedom of goods is distorted by either tariff or non-tariff barriers. Chapter 2 is devoted to resolving the issue of whether the freedom of capital is fully guaranteed both in domestic and in international level. Chapter 3 discusses whether the Union is entitled to provide a Union level mechanism, to enable the freedom of services to fully take root. Finally, I ask whether people, as social beings rather than just individual members, have full freedom to move within the union without any distortion either by social benefit, ethnicity, or language. 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z The music phase of modern painting Mana-Wheoki, Jonathan N. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10155 2015-02-16T11:30:10Z 1969-01-01T00:00:00Z Title: The music phase of modern painting Authors: Mana-Wheoki, Jonathan N. Abstract: Music and painting are, materially speaking, very different arts. In the former a temporally presented mode of expression addresses itself to the ear, in the latter a spatially presented mode addresses itself to the eye, and they would not appear to admit of any comparison. Modern painting interfuses the dimensions of time and space, challenging the traditional distinctions between temporal and spatial arts. A kind of multi-dimensional art results. Gauguin and van Gogh believed that painting promised to become more like music. It has. Modern painting has entered a "musical" phase-- for the painter has turned composer and performer, and his works owe an obvious debt to the sister art. Music, in turn, has drawn from the painter's domain such material as bas considerably enriched the language of sound. In no previous age were they so interdependent, and this assertion is confirmed in the astonishing parallels between them before the First World War, when the notion of a relationship between painting and music was at its zenith. "Musicality" in modern painting is associated with a tendency towards abstraction. The nearer painting approaches a pictorial art which makes no specific reference to nature, the more nearly must it align itself with an autonomous and independent system such as music. Painting and music have come to share fundamental principles of organization. What makes a painting "musical"? A musical painter? So it would seem. A number of musicians and composers have abandoned promising musical careers in order to take up painting-- among them Ciurlionis, Klee, Feininger, Russolo, and Larry Poons. Other painters have deemed it necessary to acquire musical skills. Such painters as these were "musically" committed in their works: music instructed their visual sense and informed their expression. But not all modern painting could be described as "musical". "There are musical pictures, just as there are unmusical ones, pictures that are positively hostile to the whole notion of music." (By the same token, there is also music "positively hostile to the whole notion of music, and consequently, to the whole notion of modern painting.) Some paintings which invite musical association are ambiguous and confusing. They may remind us of music, they may not. One cannot hear a painting or see music save in the experience of abnormal sensory agitation. However much synaesthetes would persuade us to the contrary, painting is not music. The relationship between painting and music is best explained in terms of their parallel developments, and in order to do this I have looked for corresponding gestures in the two arts. Painting arrived at abstraction by analogy with music (a useful ally, since music is fundamentally non-representational.) Before the First World War (and for a short while after) painters and composers were attuned to each other in a way that had few precedents in history: a strong bond was cemented between them, and there were a great many areas in which they met. All subsequent developments in painting and music refer, in some way, to the innovations and inventions of the musical phase of modern painting. 1969-01-01T00:00:00Z


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Here is Brett's Custom Blend steel road frame. It features Columbus Life S-bend chainstays and seatstays. They are a very good looking and light part. When it comes to shaping and bending tubes I don't think anyone is better than Columbus.
Strong Frames is focused on attention to the individual, incredible customer service and designing and producing fine custom bicycles.
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Adrian Fylonenko brings you the very best and worst of WrestleMania 31
Complete WrestleMania 31 results from Santa Clara, California.
Highlights of a new Bad News Barrett interview.
Highlights of a new Dean Ambrose interview.
Finn Balor talks about not being sure when he signed with WWE.
via MMANews.com -- Bill Goldberg confirms the fact that he's likely to make his pro fighting debut this year!
Highlights of a new Paul Heyman interview.
Michael Hicks predicts the results for this Sunday's WrestleMania pay-per-view.
Highlights of a new interview with "The Hulkster."
Highlights of a new Kofi Kingston interview.
Highlights of a new John Cena interview.
Check out a lengthy new interview with "Da Man."
Check out a lengthy new video interview with Bray Wyatt.
Highlights of a new Daniel Bryan interview.
Jeff Jarrett shares his predictions and thoughts on this year's WrestleMania.
Highlights from Sports Illustrated's Extra Mustard feature on WrestleMania.
Sting talks to The Associated Press about his future in the ring.
Highlights from an extensive Sports Illustrated Mustard blog piece on "Macho Man" Randy Savage.
Highlights of a new Jim Ross interview.


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AC/DC Biographer Jesse Fink on 'The Youngs,' Overcoming Hardships Through Music + More
Already a seasoned journalist and writer, Jesse Fink credits the music of AC/DC as the catalyst which possibly saved his life.
Already a seasoned journalist and writer, Jesse Fink credits the music of AC/DC as the catalyst which possibly saved his life.
AC/DC wasted no time in recording their latest studio album, as drummer Phil Rudd reveals it was a 10-day session.
Although original AC/DC guitarist Malcolm Young is away from the band while fighting illness, AC/DC have recorded a new album and plan to tour.
In a panel of music supervisors, one supervisor revealed the most he ever paid for usage in a film was $500K for AC/DC's 'Thunderstruck' in 'Varsity Blues.'
Police are asking that anyone with potential information on the murder to contact Crime Stoppers.
AC/DC biographer Jesse Fink clarifies why he's not expecting guitarist Malcolm Young to return to the band.
Jesse Fink, author of the new book 'The Young's: The Brothers Who Build AC/DC,' is "not expecting to see Malcolm return."
Finnish bluegrass band Steve 'N' Seagulls have offered their own unique touch to the AC/DC classic, 'Thunderstruck.'
Slade quit after it was suggested that drummer Phil Rudd be given another shot, but in a new interview, the drummer expresses regret in his decision.
AC/DC drummer Phil Rudd is releasing his first ever solo album in August. Listen to the first song 'Repo Man.'


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Book passage now for star-packed cruise to the Caribbean.
Carrie's Single Makes History
Carrie Underwood continues to set new marks in country music as her latest single, "So Small," has become the highest-ever chart debut by a solo female artist.
"So Small" entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at No. 20, and was the week's most added new single. The song has also earned the distinction of becoming the highest-debuting single of any country artist this year. It will be included on Carrie's as-yet-untitled new CD, set for release Oct. 23.
More News
Three-hour-long set for The Big Revival Tour's opening date features guests Taylor Swift, Joe Walsh and others to the stage.
"Dylan, Cash and the Nashville Cats" opens to the public March 27.
No hesitation in cutting the song, Kimberly says.
Miranda Lambert, Taylor Swift, Garth Brooks and Others to Receive ACM 50th Anniversary Milestone Award
Honors unique to the ACM Awards will be given to an elite few during the telecast.
The song, "Guess You Had to Be There," appears on Brian's new album, "No Pier Pressure."


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Our special coverage of the closest race for years
Explore the personal stories of Syrian refugees in Lebanon
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14 Jun 2013 11:10 GMT | Politics, US & Canada, Afghanistan, China, Japan
Traumatised residents complain of slow reconstruction following twin disasters of tsunami and nuclear meltdown.
11 Mar 2013 06:31 GMT | Japan
Al Jazeera takes an exclusive boat trip to the islands at the centre of dispute between China, Japan and Taiwan.
03 Oct 2012 14:59 GMT | US & Canada, China, Germany, Japan, Taiwan
The resource-heavy central Asian nation is in the spotlight as parliamentary election exposes corruption allegations.
29 Jun 2012 19:12 GMT
Allegations swirl around politicians and extractive operations in Mongolia ahead of this week's election.
27 Jun 2012 00:00 GMT | US & Canada, France, Japan, Mongolia, United States
Block on US sale of F16 Fighting Falcons ruffles feathers amid the island nation's military.
03 Oct 2011 19:46 GMT | Politics, US & Canada, China, United States
It is a source of sustenance but also of tension and new political realities are now increasing uncertainty.
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A media post-mortem into the UK's surveillance report. Plus, why five years on in Argentina the media looks so familiar.
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The untold story of how the Lebanese community overcame the odds and found their place in multicultural Australia.
Asia Pacific, Australia, Lebanon
How to keep a telenovela profitable and demanding sponsors happy while inspiring the production team to stay passionate.
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NTC scores high on effectiveness
BEMIDJI -- Northwest Technical College has been ranked among the top of 29 MnSCU colleges in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, according to a new report.
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