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Reflecting on Reflections - June 2014
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AES E-Library
Aspects of Microphone Array Source Separation Performance
The performance of a blind source separation system based on a custom microphone array is explored. The system prioritizes artifact-free processing over source separation effectiveness and extracts source signals using a quadratically constrained least-squares fit based on estimated source arrival directions. The level of additive noise present in extracted source signals is computed empirically for various numbers of microphones used and different degrees of uncertainty in knowledge of microphone locations. The results are presented in comparison to analytical predictions. The source signal estimate variance is roughly inversely proportional to the number of sensors and roughly proportional to both the additive noise variance and microphone position error variance. Beyond a threshold the advantages of increased channel count and precise knowledge of the sensor locations are outweighed by other limitations.
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OP Member
Thanks Meter: 4
90 posts
Join Date:Joined: Jul 2010
I was wondering if you could help me.
I have a windows 8.1 tablet with a sim in.
basically what i want it to do is when i connect to WiFi i would like it to turn off the mobile broadband adapter, and once its off the WiFi to re-connect to the mobile. if this is possible i cant find anything about it anywhere

subset: commoncrawl


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Looking for monthly rentals? Call a reservationist at (888) 808-2788 to book!
Use the calendar to select your arrival. Days marked in red are unavailable.
Laurel Court 208--This 2-bedroom, 2-bathroom newly updated condo is located on the second floor with easy elevator access. This condo comes with a fully stocked kitchen for all your cooking needs and a wonderful dining table to enjoy all your meals. The master bedroom is equipped with a queen size bed and flat screen TV. There is also a wonderful desk area overlooking the ArrowHead Lake. The bathroom is attached to this bedroom for your convenience. The second bedroom has two twin size beds, TV and stereo! There is also access to the second bathroom. The living room is spacious, with a flat screen TV! Adjoined to the living room is your own screened in private balcony with counter-height table and chairs!! This is such a peaceful location you will never want to leave! Take a stroll around the lake, or walk to the beach! You are close to all you will need at Kingston Plantation.
Kingston Plantation is the largest oceanfront resort in the history of Myrtle Beach. It includes 145 acres of wooded and rolling terrain laced with freshwater lakes and bordered by an exquisite half mile of surf, sand and sunshine.
Amenities include 24-hour security, a network of walking paths that wind throughout the property, 3 restaurants and a 4 million dollar Sport & Health Club. Free Wi-FI. Charges apply for the Sports and Health Club.
When we walked in, this condo looked like it was newly updated with fresh paint and carpet. Loved the area on a nice little cul-de-sac area. Great out door pool and great views of the lake and the ducks. Nice screened in porch area.
Overall, we were pleased with our stay at Kingston Plantation. The condo was roomy but in need of some light upkeep. Many light bulbs were burned out including the outdoor one at the front door. The shower curtain was missing several rings so it dragged the shower. We called the number for repairs and did have a service man come to replace many light bulbs but he didn't have enough. He did bring rings for the shower curtain. He said the light fixture over the table was outdated and needed to be replaced. It was not replaced during our stay. Beds were comfortable except for sofa bed.
The location was very nice since there was a pool for the condo that was somewhat private and quiet. We also had use of the pools at the hotels. The lazy river and water park on the hotel property were not open to condo tenants, only those that were at the towers.
We loved having a washer and dryer in the condo. We would stay there again. It served its purpose and was reasonably priced.
(888) 808-2788
(843) 839-2737
Email Us
© 2015 Palmetto Vacation Rentals LLC
4101 Mayfair St Myrtle Beach, SC 29577
Website design by Scurto Marketing


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Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
oral sex (TRANSMISSION VIA ORAL SEX, 2011)my boyfriend is HIV positive and I am not, he tells me that because of his undetectable status having oral sex will not affect me. I need to know if this is so
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...Confused,Yes, there are many mixed messages out there regarding the HIV test window. Guidelines in parts of Australia advise that a six weeks test is conclusive. Other older guidelines claim six months are necessary for a definitive result. In... Read more »
Truth about oral sex and hiv - mixed messages received from a test counselor (TRANSMISSION VIA ORAL SEX, 2010)I have been tested at 3 months, 6 months and a year all negative. I was told that I should test up... Read more »
Please post this (TRANSMISSION VIA ORAL SEX, 2010)because it is rarely asked (actually often asked but rarely posted). I gave a BJ and got cum in my... Read more »
What Are the Symptoms of HIV and AIDS?...Yes The only time you're likely to develop any symptoms of HIV is during the "acute" phase, which lasts for six to 12 weeks after you've been infected. Once that period ends, you may well go years without your body giving away any sign... Read more »
The Feminization of an Epidemic...have found these to be safe and effective treatments for osteoporosis. Most authors argue that vitamin D deficiency should be ruled out in any HIV-positive patient with significant osteoporosis to determine the need for extra supplementation. ... Read more »
Stopping the Spread of HIV...antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). This is called "post exposure prophylaxis" or PEP. You would take two or three medications for several weeks. These drugs can decrease the risk of infection, but they have some serious side effects. Fact Sheet 156 ... Read more »
HIV Testing...hours, but most test sites send samples to outside labs, where they are tested in batches, so you may have to wait one to two weeks for results. Beyond the Window Period ELISA tests are very rarely "false negative." This means if you have a... Read more »
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Unprotected Vaginal, no ejaculation
Posted by Anonymous, 2 Replies...receptive vaginal sex with ejaculation outside of the body? What is the chance of being infected by precum only? My rapid test was negative at 34 days. I am unsure of my partners status. Penetration lasted some time, but he masturbated to... Read more »
Posted by scared2Bpos, 1 Reply...have these symptoms when newly infected? I did another HIV test (blood) on 11/23 and should have the results by end of this week. Please reply with any info. I am terrified. Read more »
How reliable is an 8 week test??
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...Question, should I consider my 8 week negative home access test conclusive? I received protected oral and vaginal sex from a pro 8 wks ago. Also had a 5 wk negative Read more »
how many tested neg @1mo then poz @3?
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...Essentially just what i asked how many did test negative at one month then positive at the 3 month test? Read more »
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Simple Moisturizing Facial Wash
95 reviews
58% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.8
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.8
Price: $$
INGREDIENTSWater (Aqua, Eau), Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Decyl Glucoside, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, PEG-55 Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol, Panthenol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Bisabolol, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil, Pelargonium Graveolens Oil, Glycol Distearate, Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate, Polyquaternium-39, Laureth-10, Cocamide MEA, Sodium Chloride, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate, Disodium EDTA, Dipropylene Glycol, Methylparaben
on 3/5/2015 3:49:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Warm
Hair: Brown, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Green
This stuff absolutely sucks. As soon as I put it on my face I didn't like it. Moisturizing? Ha! More like extremely drying! It has a weird smell, kind of like dish soap or something. It had a weird, thick consistency and almost immediately broke me out. I normally don't have sensitive or acne prone skin. I will be sticking to my original cleanser.
on 2/14/2015 11:41:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Oily, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
Looking at so many negative reviews I am starting to think that maybe there are two different formulas of this product...? Because this is pretty much my HG cleanser and I'm surprised that a lot of people have bad reactions to this. Before this I couldn't find a good cleanser, everything irritated my skin and dried me out. I've been using this for a little over a year, and this is my second tube, and I love it. It is very moisturizing just like the tube says and clears up my skin pretty nicely. I have dry yet acne prone skin with big pores and a face that is always red. Just like another person said, it is sorta difficult to wash it off, sometimes I have to double check to make sure there is no residue and occasional I have to do a second rinse but it is worth it. I will definitely repurchase until they discontinue or until my skin gets used to this product and I have to move on, but for right now I give it five thumbs up lol
on 1/20/2015 1:09:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Medium, Cool
Hair: Blond, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Hazel
I have normal to dry skin. I normally use Cetaphil face wash with Olay Active hydrating beauty fluid lotion, which is a gentile anti-aging product. I purchased the Simple Moisturizing facial wash for about $9 at Walmart.
This face wash smells a little bit like glue, but it's not terrible. The texture is thick, also gluey. I would not use this over the sink because it's very difficult to completely wash off. I used the face wash in the shower followed by Simple Replenishing Rich Moisturizer, which burned a little bit after application. I used the two products once a day, in the evening and did not use my normal wash/moisturizer while testing Simple products.
After three days of use, I started getting cysts on the skin beside my eyes. The bridge of my nose and brows started getting extremely flaky. I can rub my eyebrows and skin flakes off, which tells me that it is the wash because I don't apply lotion to my brows and my t-zone sucks in moisturizer.
I don't like this product. It's stinky, too thick, and I'm pretty sure it's causing cystic acne. I'm going to switch back to my Cetaphyl.
on 1/19/2015 3:59:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Very Dry, Fair, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Hazel
I have reasonably dry skin, with big pores, and dehydration, and my skin is rather sensitive, though not as bad as some people's, but still more than average.
There's nothing I like about this product. It honestly feels like it sucks the moisture out of your skin, and leaves my skin feeling really tight and and a bit irritated, and it didn't really feel like it was doing any cleansing at all. I used it for around 3 weeks, hoping that it would just need time to work its magic, and having decided I couldn't just discard it after one use.
I can use other cleansers with water and not have this problem, so I don't understand why something that's made to be moisturising and gentle on sensitive skin would do this, unless it's an absolutely useless product, which I've concluded this one is.
Also, the packaging seems to like to leak, and it's difficult to get out the amount you want, but that's the least of my worries with this product.
Waste of time, money and any hopes of decent skin. <3
on 1/9/2015 1:46:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Normal, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I bought this at Duane Reade when I ran out of cleanser while traveling. It works fine, doesn't sting the eyes too much, and is decent at getting off eye makeup, but I don't understand the "moisturizing" claim at all, as the cleanser is gel-based and pretty drying. I went out and bought a travel sized version of my regular cleanser as soon as I could.
on 10/1/2014 3:40:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I love this product!!! I use it every morning and it works wonders, makes skin clear and supple
on 9/29/2014 6:41:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
I recently purchased this product and have been using it in conjunction with the Simple Replenishing Rich Moisturizer for a little more than a week now. I use this product with my Olay Pro X cleansing tool/brush and I actually really like this cleanser. It definitely makes my face feel clean and smooth without it feeling irritated or dried out. A big downside to this product for me is that the cap doesn't latch shut properly, which I didn't notice the first time I used it and I ended up losing product because it was leaking. This could have just been the bottle I picked up, but I believe I have seen other reviews mention this as well. Since using this cleanser with the replenishing moisturizer I have noticed a large increase in blackheads, but I believe that is due to the moisturizer. I will be looking for a new moisturizer to use along with this cleanser, and I will come back to update if the blackheads don't decrease with a moisturizer change. All in all I would say this is a good product and I would definitely purchase this cleanser again.
on 9/26/2014 8:51:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Hazel
I used this in conjunction with the Simple Oil Balancing Wash and Simple Soothing Face Scrub. I know I can't blame this product solely but this combination caused my skin to become absolutely atroucious. I was constantly breaking out and had dry patches and rashes everywhere. I don't know why these three products did this since the Simple toners is one of my favourites and I never had any dramas with the face wipes either.
However, the price was reasonable and I did like the packaging. Gave it two lippies because I don't know if it was the product that caused the skin irritation.
on 9/25/2014 2:54:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Oily, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Red, Wavy, Medium
Eyes: Blue
This is newly paraben free which makes me love it ten times more. I've been using this stuff for about two years now and I've never had a problem. Keeps my skin very clear and under control. My only con is that my last few I've had to keep in the shower upside down because the cap wont latch and they leak. But really not a big deal.
on 9/2/2014 10:51:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Medium Brown, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I just brought this product today...excited to go home and try it I cleaned my face of my makeup I had on today. So I put the face wash on my clarisonic and I washed my face...my skin felt regular nothing surprising or different. About 10 minutes later I noticed a bump on my chin it felt like a mosquito bite and it was very itchy...I just put some tea tree oil on it...15 minutes later, bumps are all around my chin and itchy it looked like I broke out in hives on my chin..it is very itchy...I had hopes for this product but it was just a disappointment..I will be returning this product...I am trying to calm my skin as I type this...this is horrible. NEVER AGAIN!!!
Popular Cleansers


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A Skype Chat With Michelle Nussbaumer Video
The Dallas designer shares tips and tricks for choosing an upholstered headboard. Produced by Victoria Jones.
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Access to scripts, sample data, etc http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~markw/ Perl Unit Regular Expressions (see notes from Boris Steipe) To Start: review extraction of text from a file in Perl First, download your own copy of the file at: http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~markw/data_files/myGenbankFile.gb open (IN, "./myGenbankFile.gb"") or die "can't open file $!\n"; my $line = <IN>; # read a line from that file # do something with the line here print $line; close IN; Prints the first line of the genbank file to screen • The code opens up this file and reads in the first line. Print out that line to the screen. It should start with "LOCUS" Using what you know from regular expressions 1. Match the word "LOCUS" 2. Does a word in that line start with "C"? Print "yes" if true. 3. Match the year at the end of the line 4. Match the month at the end of the line 5. How many amino acids are in the record? – Print that number out to the screen 6. Match the date, and print it out as "MAR 21, 1995" 7. Print each element in that line on its own line – E.g. LOCUS CAA28783 425 aa linear 8. Get the definition line from the file and print only the definition 9. ***** Get the Title line (this is NOT in a predictable location, and is on more than one line!) and print out the title without extra spaces. 10. ***** Get the author line and print out the authors in the following format: MJ Radeke, TP Misko, C Hsu, LA Herzenberg…. Solutions $line =~ m/LOCUS/; 1 If ($line =~ m/\bC/){ 2 print "yes"; } Solutions $line =~ m/\d\d\d\d$/; 3 4 $line =~ m/\-\w+\-/; Solutions $line =~ m/(\d+)\saa/; 5 print "$1\n"; $line =~ m/(\d+)\-(\w+)\-(\d\d\d\d)/; 6 print "$2 $1, $3 \n"; Solutions while ($line =~ m/(\S+)/g){ print "$1\n"; 7 } $line = <IN>; $line = <IN>; 8 $line =~ /DEFINITION\s+(.*)/; print "$1\n"; Solutions while (!($line =~ /TITLE/)){ $line = <IN>; } $line =~ /TITLE\s+(.*)/; 9 $title = $1; $line = <IN>; while (!($line =~ /JOURNAL/)){ $title = "$title $line"; $line = <IN>; } $title =~ s/\s\s+/ /g; # tricky! print "the title is $title\n"; Solutions while (!($line =~ /AUTHORS/)){ $line = <IN>; } $line =~ /AUTHORS\s+(.*)/g; my $authors = $1; while ($authors =~ /(\w+),(\w)\.(\w)?\.?/){ 10 $surname = $1; $initial1 = $2; $initial2 = $3; $initial2 = "" unless $initial2; print "$initial1$initial2 $surname, "; } Solutions (alternative solution to #10) while (!($line =~ /AUTHORS/)){ $line = <IN>; } $line =~ /AUTHORS\s+(.*)/g; my $authors = $1; while ($authors =~ /\s+(\S+)\,(\w)[\.\,](\w)?/){ $surname = $1; $initial1 = $2; $initial2 = $3; $initial2 = "" unless $initial2; print "$initial1$initial2 $surname, "; } End of day have fun in the city! Unix Unit CPAN: The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network & Makefiles CPAN – Comprehensive Perl Archive • This is where you go to download and install most Perl-based software libraries • To search for stuff, go to: http://search.cpan.org – e.g. Search for "LWP" – Click the first link and have a quick look at the documentation to see what the "LWP" library does. • Click on the "an example" link at the top of the page and stay there as we will use that example in a moment... – Search for Boulder::Genbank • Make a mental note of what that module does… we'll return to it later Installing from CPAN • There is a program that allows you easy access to CPAN installations • Unfortunately, this wants to install files by default into a location that you probably do not have permissions to access!! • Therefore we have to do some re-configuration to change this default behaviour. • You can do this on ANY *nix machine you use Creating a personal CPAN Config.pm First you need to specify a location to store the CPAN tools $ cd ~ change to your own home folder $ mkdir perl create a new folder called "Perl" Then start CPAN, using the command line as follows: $ export FTP_PASSIVE=1 this is not necessary at U of A $ perl -MCPAN -e shell Creating a personal CPAN Config.pm The first time CPAN runs it will ask you a lot of questions. Just accept the defaults UNTIL you get to this one: Parameters for the 'perl Makefile.PL' command? Typical frequently used settings: PREFIX=~/perl non-root users (please see manual for more hints) Your choice: [INSTALLDIRS=site] PREFIX=~/perl... Type "PREFIX=~/perl" This will tell CPAN to install your modules in the /perl folder that you just created Creating a personal CPAN Config.pm And there's one more series that you have to answer: (1) Africa (2) Asia (3) Central America (4) Europe (5) North America (6) Oceania (7) South America Select your continent (or several nearby continents) [] 5 (1) Bahamas (2) Canada (3) Mexico (4) United States Select your country (or several nearby countries) [] 2 (1) ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/ (2) ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/ (3) ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/ (4) ftp://mirror.arcticnetwork.ca/pub/CPAN (5) ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ Select as many URLs as you like (by number), put them on one line, separated by blanks, e.g. '1 4 5' [] 2 3 4 5 1 Editing your PERL5LIB environment Now you also have to tell Perl that it should look in this folder for additional libraries... You only need to do this once – it will now be set every time you login $ pico .profile (note this is "dot profile", your startup 'profile' in bash) add the following lines to your .profile file export PERL5LIB=$PERL5LIB:$PWD/perl/share/perl/5.8.7/ export FTP_PASSIVE=1 now save the file and exit NOW CLOSE ALL YOUR TERMINAL WINDOWS AND START THEM AGAIN! Finally, we are ready to install stuff! • Now CPAN knows where it should put things, and Perl knows where to look for them... • The command to start the CPAN shell is: $ perl -MCPAN -e shell now try installing something… cpan> install Boulder::Genbank CPAN installs often ask you questions as they go along... unless you know better you should ALWAYS just accept the default (hit "enter") Watch for error messages... • You may see an error message reported at the end of an installation Failed 2/28 test scripts, 92.86% okay. 46/388 subtests failed, 88.14% okay. *** Error code 29 make: Fatal error: Command failed for target `test' /usr/ccs/bin/make test -- NOT OK Running make install make test had returned bad status, won't install without force So... now what?? Well, unless you really know what you are doing, you have no choice but to use force! cpan> force install Boulder::Genbank Don't worry, this is safer than it sounds ;-) Congratulations, you have just installed your first CPAN module • If you want to look at what got installed browse to the folder: ./Perl/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.2 • If all went well, you should now be able to execute the following command without error: $ perl -e 'use Boulder::Genbank' IF THAT COMMAND GENERATES AN ERROR TELL ME NOW!!! 3:3 0 Break! • After the break we are going to talk about object oriented perl... Perl Unit Object Oriented Perl 3:4 5 Perl Unit: Object Oriented Perl • The two most common programming "paradigms" are Procedural, and Object-Oriented • Procedural programming is most commonly used in simple scripts where all data and data manipulations are achieved in a single program with all variables "visible" and all subroutines present in the same program... can get messy! (this is what you have been doing so far) • Object Oriented programming allows you to collect together a set of data as well as the subroutines that may act on it into an "Object" and hide them inside of a "magic variable"... Perl Unit: Object Oriented Perl • What installed from CPAN was a "module" (actually a set of related modules) – a module could be imagined to be an 'empty' object, or an object 'template'. • To use an object, you must instantiate it, and fill it with data • In Perl, this is most often accomplished using the "new" command. Perl Unit: Object Oriented Perl #!/usr/bin/perl -w use SomeObject; # first need load the empty object my $x = new SomeObject(); # then create an "instance" OR my $x = SomeObject->new(); # -> means "do this to it" $x now contains an "instance" of SomeObject! A commonly used paradigm #!/usr/bin/perl -w use SomeObject; my $x = SomeObject->new( 'attribute1' => 'value1', attribute2' => 'value2', ); $x has now been created, and initialized with "value1" for attribute 1, and "value2" for attribute 2 Invoking "methods" of the object #!/usr/bin/perl -w use SomeObject; my $x = SomeObject->new( 'attribute1' => 'value1' ); # ask the object to do something with that data print $x->getValue('attribute1'); Try your LWP installation • Go back to your web browser where you should still have the LWP documentation visible – If not, you could also type 'perldoc LWP' at your command prompt to get the same information $ perldoc LWP • Copy/paste the LWP example code into a new file on your system called "test_lwp.pl" • Edit the file to connect to some website of interest... for example, cnn.com, as follows... The code may be simplified to this: # Create a user agent object use LWP::UserAgent; $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new; # Create a request my $req = HTTP::Request->new(GET => 'http://www.cnn.com'); # Pass request to the user agent and get a Response Object back my $res = $ua->request($req); # Check the outcome of the response if ($res->is_success) { print $res->content; } else { print $res->status_line, "\n"; } *** Script LWP Example Now you can retrieve web pages without a browser! You're FREE! Explanation Create a new UserAgent object # Create a user agent object use LWP::UserAgent; Create a $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new; new Request # Create a request object my $req = HTTP::Request->new(GET => 'http://www.cnn.com'); Pass the Request # Pass request to the user agent and get a response back object as an my $res = $ua->request($req); argument to the # Check the outcome of the response 'request' method of if ($res->is_success) { the UserAgent to get print $res->content; a "Response" object } in return else { print $res->status_line, "\n"; } Check what the 'is_success' method Get the content of the response object returns (T/F) Exercises: Connecting Regular Expressions and LWP 1. Write a script that uses LWP to retrieve a web page from any address you specify at the command line – Hint: $arg = <STDIN>; chomp $arg; 2. Write a script that uses LWP to get the function ontology from GO, then look through it line by line to find the GO Term associated with a GO id entered by the user function ontology is here: http://www.geneontology.org/ontology/function.ontology e.g. $ perl test_getGOTerm.pl GO:0033041 Should return "sweet taste receptor activity" …This will require you to write a clever regular expression! • The same methodology can be used to "scrape" information from ANY web page! –Try writing some "screen-scrapers" tonight for yourself –It's far easier than cut-n-paste! • Screen-scraping is an awful (but common!) way to do bioinformatics... • BEWARE OF SCRAPING GENBANK! Exercise: Replacing & Enhancing Regular Expressions with OO Modules • A few minutes ago we installed Boulder::Genbank • This takes at least some of the "pain" out of building Regular Expressions for parsing GenBank (and other!) records. • Examine the Boulder Genbank Parser code I have made available to you. ***Script: Boulder Genbank Parser • Exercise: combine and edit (a) your regular expression code that modified the author-name/initial format, with (b) a piece of Boulder::Genbank code you write yourself that extracts the author names from a Genbank flatfile. Data Integration Syntactic and Semantic Integration of Data The Holy Grail: Align the promoters of all serine threonine kinases involved exclusively in the regulation of nitrogen fixation in root nodules Retrieve and align 2000nt 5' from every serine/threonine kinase in Legumes expressed exclusively in the root whose expression increases 5X or more within 5 hours of infection by rhizobium but is not activated during the normal development of the root, and is <40% homologous in the active site to kinases known to be involved in cell- cycle regulation in any other species. ➔ Restrict to Legume ➔ SRS ➔ Find all serine/threonine kinases ➔ Blast, SRS, Model Organism DB's, 1' literature, biological knowledge ➔ Restrict by WT expression pattern ➔ Entirely by hand, primarily from 1' literature ➔Restrict by chip expression experiments ➔ SMD, ArrayExpress, (TIGR?), probably don't exist yet… ➔Identify active sites ➔ Prosite/Prints + biological knowledge ➔Restrict by homology/biological function ➔ SRS, Blast, & by hand from 1' literature ➔Get upstream 2000nt ➔ If available, entirely by hand What's wrong with this picture?? Options for the Integration of Biological Data for Hosts and Consumers (some of the following slides based on Lincoln Stein's GMOD 2003 meeting presentation) Starting from the providers perspective… (False?) Utopia: Fully Warehoused Database Editin Other g Tool Tool Why false? DATA Visualiz e Query Analysis Current Situation: Modular, Non-Integrated In what ways is this good? DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA Tools Tools Tools Tools Tools Tools Tools Tools Tools Genome Expression Literature Databases Databases Databases What we want: Why is this better? Visuali ze Query Why is it difficult to achieve? Literature Expression Genome Data Data Data URL Link Integration of Modular System URL Space "WWW" Why is it so successful? Genome Stock Center Data Literature Data Module Why is this insufficient? Tools Tools Tools Data Warehouse: Common Data Model & API What is an API? Query What are the +'s What are the –'s Massive Common API e.g. SeqHound from Blueprint Direct DB Queries Massive Common DB Schema (Centralized) Data Federation I: Common Data Model & API What are the +'s Query What are the –'s Massive Common API e.g. CHADO from GMOD Direct DB Queries Massive Common DB Schema (de-centralized) Data Federation II: Adaptors & Common API What are the +'s Query What are the –'s Common API e.g. BioPerl from open-bio Aqua Tan Schema Adaptor Schema Adaptor Common Data Exchange Format What are the +'s Query What are the –'s Local Visualize API Local Query API e.g. TIGRML, MAGEML BeigeML Web-Service Architecture What are the +'s Visualiz e Query What are the –'s REGISTRY Beige e.g. MOBY-S Who can provide/accept Service API 'beige' types of data? Semantic Web Architecture What are the +'s Visuali ze Query What are the –'s Common Generic, 100% expressive Data and Logic Description Language e.g. ?? S-MOBY, myGrid Common Generic, 100% expressive Data and Logic Description Language Unfortunately, every one of these integrative methodologies (alone or in combination) is used by one organization or another …so we are nowhere near achieving integration… This is not a solved problem!! I cannot give you a tool or a methodology that will answer these types of questions for you. Generally speaking, the only way to collect/integrate disparate datasets at the moment is through brute force. But there are some tools that make the brute-force method less backbreaking! SeqHound A Canadian Data Warehouse published in: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/3/32 surf to: http://www.blueprint.org/seqhound Update cycle report: http://seqhound.blueprint.org/report.html Access to SeqHound Changes • Starting April 3rd, access to SeqHound via seqhound.blueprint.org may no longer be available. • Here's what you need to do from now on Unleashed Informatics • http://bond.unleashedinformatics.com Register for a free account Make sure you select academic! ****** Now go back to… This is where you get SeqHound Click this! Save the file To disk To install • Go to where you saved the file $ tar –zxvf seqhound-perl-4.0.tar.gz $ cd seqhound-perl-4.0 $ mv *.pm ~/perl/share/perl/5.8.7/ $ mv .shoundremrc ~/ $ cd ~ • Note that /…share/perl/5.8.7 is also where you are installing your CPAN modules. We're just making sure that everything is in its correct place so that Perl can find it Your .shoundremrc file content Edit the file to contain the following: [remote] server1 = dogboxonline.unleashedinformatics.com CGI = /cgi-bin/seqrem port=80 [soap] server1 = dogboxonline.unleashedinformatics.com CGI = /soap/services/ port=8081 Need to add several more CPAN modules for the new SeqHound $ perl –MCPAN –e shell cpan> install IO::Wrap cpan> install MIME::Tools cpan> install SOAP::Lite The SOAP::Lite installation will ask you a lot of questions. Simply accept all of the defaults (i.e. hit "enter" to every one) SeqHound A Data Warehouse for Acadmic and Commercial Use Based on a presentation by Ian Donaldson April 23, 2004 A program of the Samuel Lunenfeld A University of Toronto affiliated Research Institute research institute What is SeqHound? Biological data sets exist in various locations, formats and data structures that serve to represent each single data set. For example, a biological sequence database may exist in ASN.1 format, an expression database may exist in a flat-file format and both data structures may make reference to an organism but by different names (say by taxon identifier and organism name). What is SeqHound? Since biological data sets are increasingly collected individually but used together, it would be most convenient to have access to them: • in one place • by a means that is independent of their original format • where they are represented in a single, cohesive data representation. • in some way that does not require the data user to be responsible for this collection and storage of these data. Question: How can this be achieved? What is SeqHound? Sequences Sequence annotation Structure Literature Interactions SeqHound Access Methods (API) User What is SeqHound? An application programming interface (API) provides a uniform method to access data in table columns and to data inside binary large objects. Again, sets of functions in the API communicate with different modules. API functions will only be available for those data "modules" that have been Imported. The API is available locally (in the C language) or remotely via an http interface that can be accessed via corresponding APIs written in C, C++, Java, Perl and BioPerl. Who are the users of SeqHound? Local Programmer • bioinformatics developer in a biotech start-up • graduate student anywhere in the world Remote Programmer • bioinformatics developer in a high-throughput lab Web user Help: Manual and resources List of API functions (scroll down to "Sequence Fetch FASTA" and click on SHoundGetFasta) Description of what that function does, and how, in Perl. What can the remote API do? SEQUENCE FETCH - FASTA SHoundGetFasta SHoundGetDefline SEQUENCE FETCH – GENBANK FLAT FILE SHoundGetGenBankff SEQHOUND LINKS SHoundGiFrom3D SHoundDNAFromProtein SHoundProteinFromDNA MORE SEQHOUND LINKS ShoundGetReferenceIDFromGi SHoundTaxIDFromGi MORE SEQHOUND LINKS SHoundProteinsFromTaxIDIII STRUCTURE FETCH SHoundGet3D SHoundGetXML3D SHoundGetPDB3D COMPLETE GENOME ITERATORS SHoundProteinsFromOrganism SHoundAllGenomes SHoundChromosomeFromGenome SHoundDNAFromOrganism REDUNDANT (EQUIVALENT) SEQUENCES SHoundRedundantGroup SHoundFirstOfRedundantGroupFromID TAXONOMY SHoundGetTaxNameFromTaxID SHoundGetTaxChildNodes SHoundGetTaxParent SEQUENCE NEIGHBOURS SHoundGetBlastResult SHoundNeighboursFromGi SHound3DNeighboursFromGi FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION SHoundGOIDFromGi SHoundOMIMFromGi FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION SHoundCDDIDFromGi SHoundLLIDFromGi GO HIERARCHY SHoundGODBGetNameByID SHoundGODBGetChildrenOf SHoundGODBGetParentOf RPS BLAST DOMAINS SHoundGetDomainsFromGi SHoundGetGisByDomainId Test your set up using example code #!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; use SeqHound; print "Starting Program\n"; my $init = SHoundInit("TRUE", "myapp"); print "SHoundInit $init\n"; my $isinit = SHoundIsInited(); print "SHoundIsInited $isinit\n"; my $gi = SHoundFindAcc("CAA28783"); print "SHoundFindAcc returned gi number $gi\n"; my $fasta = SHoundGetFasta($gi); print "SHoundGetFasta returned FASTA\n$fasta\n"; ***Script: Seq Hound Getting Started Pre-computed blasts • Unfortunately, not all SeqHound functions are available in Perl, including the Blast functions. • However, pre-computed Blasts are available! • These are called "Neighbours" • e.g. SHoundNeighboursFromGi – look up the function yourself… it isn't exactly like the others… Exercise • Extend the sample code to retrieve the Neighbours (i.e. BLAST hits) for the gi number retrieved in your code • Then get the FASTA for each of those. • hint: perldoc –f split – The Perl "split" function will take a string and split it into an array based on a particular character… like a "," my @ids = split ",", $result; Exercise: Combine everything you know so far Starting with a list of gi numbers that are of interest to you 1. Use SeqHound to retrieve the GenBank file 2. Use Boulder::Genbank to extract the journal reference 3. Use Boulder::Genbank plus your own regular expression to retrieve the SwissProt record ID (can't do this in Perl SeqHound, unfortunately, but you can in Java!) 4. Use LWP to retrieve that SwissProt record What you just built is commonly referred to as a "workflow". Workflows are often still written exactly as you just did, but there are now better ways!! Break for a glass of water What data-retrieval problems are still not solved? ● Many biological data types are still not "covered" by SeqHound ● e.g. microarray, two-hybrid, citations ● I want to be able to move data from one place to another without having to reformat it ● I want the machine to tell me what data is available, what I can do with it, and to automate the process of doing it. ● I want to be able to build complex analytical pipelines without having to write a lot of code! What new 'tool' is needed? A mechanism by which a researcher is able to simultaneously interact with multiple sources of highly disparate biological data regardless of the underlying data format or schema. The mechanism must also allow for the automated, dynamic identification of data, and the relationships between data from different sources. BioMOBY – the Genome Canada Data Integration Platform ● Determine the API for ● A web-services registry ● An ontology-based, data-driven, service discovery system ● A simple data representation and transport layer ● That fulfills the following criteria: ● Presents the biologist with only relevant choices ● Presents the biologist with all such choices, without necessitating their prior knowledge. ● Constructs and executes queries against disparate service API's without human intervention ● Presents the resulting output in a predictable, machine-readable format ● Is extendible into non-biological areas of study ● Requires minimal effort by service providers BioBabel Issues and Tools for Integration of Biological Data From Disparate Sources STUDENTS: PLEASE READ THIS SECTION (up to BioMoby) ON YOUR OWN TIME, AS I AM NOT GOING TO TEACH IT, BUT IT MAY STILL BE INTERESTING TO YOU… A Blast using the "Sevenless" protein (a tyrosine protein kinase) from Drosophila retrieves: Capital R with a '1' ●Sevenless With a 'c' and no '1' ●Ros-1 With a 'c' and a '1', ●c-Ros lower case R ●c-ros-1 ●c-ros-1 unknown protein (?!!??!?!) ●Tyrosine-specific protein kinase ●Tyrosine protein kinase Three ●Transmembrane tyrosine-specific protein kinase ways to ●UR2 sarcoma oncogene say it ●Kinase related protein ros precursor And that's just in Genbank… in SwissProt it is described as: • Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor The Tower of Babel analogy for the genomics era: ● Dispersed creative process ● No overall coordination ● Massive, multidisciplinary projects ● Long duration ● How should the "end product" look? Unfortunately, we have to live with it for at least the next few years… So what can we do? If we want to integrate data in a flexible, distributed manner, then there are some things that we clearly MUST do. e.g. For sequence data, we must agree: ● How to describe its structure and function ● common vocabulary! ● What a sequence query "looks like" ● common data representation ● How to execute a sequence query ● common API (or at least, self-describing API) ● To make it known that you can answer such queries ● "BioGoogle" of sequence retrieval services Integration on which level? • Integration of the way we describe the data, or "semantic" integration – Controlled vocabularies – Ontologies • Gene Ontology • Sequence Ontology • Other • Integration of "data proper" – Federation – Warehousing – Other... Data Integration Semantic Integration... GO: the Gene Ontology Consortium Arose from an ISMB discussion paper presented by Michael Ashburner (FlyBase) June, 1998. "The goal of the Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium is to produce a controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all organisms even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing. GO provides three structured networks of defined terms to describe gene product attributes. GO is one of the controlled vocabularies of the Open Biological Ontologies." What is An Ontology? Formal definitions 1: A systematic account of existence. 2: An explicit formal specification of how to represent the objects, concepts and other entities that are assumed to exist in some area of interest and the relationships that hold among them. 3: The hierarchical structuring of knowledge about things by subcategorizing them according to their essential (or at least relevant and/or cognitive) qualities. Why GO? • Provide a common gene-product vocabulary & definition spanning all organisms • Make it hierarchical to allow a controlled ambiguity in biological role designations & functional descriptions. • relate records in existing genome databases based on this common vocabulary. ---> DATA INTEGRATION! GO structure:"DAG" (Directed Acyclic Graph) ● Hierarchical tree-like structure ● Vertices ('branches') are unidirectional from ~less specific to ~more specific nodes. ● Any node may have multiple parents. ● Any path from a node must not lead back to that node, hence acyclic. ● (necessary for automated annotation) Generic DAG Structure Multiple Parents Cross- branching Current GO Tree: roots, nodes and vertices Biological Process Mol. Function Cell Component Is a Is a Is a Death Chaperone Cell Part Of Membrane Example Cell Communication Signal Response to Cell Adhesion Transduction External stimulus Radiation Abiotic Sensory response Stim. Resp. perception SOS Calcium ion Phototransduction release How GO affects data discovery: • Genome Database Queries • "Retrieve all proteinase inhibitors localized in the vacuolar lumen which are involved in regulation of apoptosis" – GO:0004866 proteinase inhibitor – GO:0005775 vacuolar lumen – GO:0006915 apoptosis • Literature Database Queries • "pull out all papers dealing with guard cell membrane- bound receptors involved in water stress responses" • Interpretation of Microarray Data • Functional clustering of microarray spots according to their GO "biological-function" annotation. • Clustering of spots by cellular location?!? Activity Session: Ontologes FOR BEGINNERS: FOR EXPERIENCED: •Geneontology.org Website •Explore the GO homepage •Browse to the "tools" section of the gene •GO Mappings ontology website •GO Downloads •Download "DAG-Edit" •GO tools •Install •GO Browsers "Amigo" •Download one of the existing ontologies ('downloads' section of the website) Q1 How many genes in Arabidopsis are •Explore it, and then try creating your own involved in "specification of floral organ ontology from scratch! identity"? - retrieve their sequences to a file •Browse the OBO website to see what other ontologies are out there; Q2 the ATCEL2 gene has what load up one of them that is in DAG- molecular function? How many other Edit format and explore it... Arabidopsis genes are recorded as having that activity? •http://obo.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/table.cgi Browse the OBO website to see what other ontologies are out there! http://obo.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/table.cgi BioMoby What does BioMoby do? The BioMoby Plan • Create an ontology of bioinformatics data-types • Define an XML representation of this ontology (syntax) • Create a public update/edit interface for this ontology • Define Web Service inputs and outputs v.v. Ontology • Register Services in an ontology-aware Registry • Machines can find an appropriate service • Machines can execute that service unattended • Ontology is community-extensible Overview of BioMoby Transactions MOBY hosts & services Alignment Sequence MOBY Sequence Gene names Align Express. Central Phylogeny Protein Primers Alleles … The BioMoby Ontologies • The Namespace Ontology defines all of the different categories of data we might want to talk about – Genbank records, PDB records, PubMed abstracts, etc. – • The Object Ontology defines structures for these different data categories – FASTA, Blast reports, PDB 3-D structure, • Both are 100% open to the public for update and modification • New data-type? – First check that it doesn't already exist in the ontology – If not, then register it in the ontology – VOILA, everyone else on earth can understand it and use it! The Namespace Ontology • Effectively a list of all different types of data records, and their abbreviation – NCBI_gi, PDB, EMBL, PubMed, OMIM, etc. • Importantly IN BIOMOBY WE DO NOT ASSOCIATE A NAMESPACE WITH A PARTICULAR SERVICE PROVIDER ANYONE CAN SAY ANYTHING ABOUT ANYTHING! – If you have some information about a GenBank record, you are allowed to use the NCBI_gi namespace to indicate which record you are talking about. Data-Types in BioMoby • Data-types are the core of BioMoby's interoperable behaviours. • Every BioMoby data-type begins as an "identifier" for some piece of data somewhere on the Web. – Namespace + ID number • Extra bits of information are then added to the identifier to say more about it • The syntax for this is formalized by using the Object Ontology The MOBY-S Object Ontology • Has a similar structure to the Gene Ontology – Data Class name at each node – Edges define the relationships between Classes node • Edges define one of three relationships Edge – IS A • Inheritance relationship • All properties of the parent are present in the child – HAS A • Container relationship of 'exactly 1' node – HAS • Container relationship with '1 or more' The Simplest Moby Data Object <Object namespace='NCBI_gi' id='111076'/> The combination of a namespace and an identifier within that namespace Object uniquely identify a data entity, not its location(s), nor its representation A Primitive Data-type ISA DateTime ISA Float ISA Integer <Integer namespace='' id=''>38</Integer> Object ISA String A Derived Data-Type <VirtualSequence namespace='NCBI_gi' id='111076'> <Integer namespace='' id='' articleName="length">38</Integer> </ VirtualSequence > ISA Integer HASA ISA Object String ISA Virtual Sequence A Derived Data-Type <GenericSequence namespace='NCBI_gi' id='111076'> <Integer namespace='' id='' articleName="length">38</Integer> <String namespace='' id='' articleName="SequenceString"> ATGATGATAGATAGAGGGCCCGGCGCGCGCGCGCGC </String> </ GenericSequence > ISA Integer HASA ISA HASA Object String ISA Virtual ISA Generic Sequence Sequence A Derived Data-Type <DNASequence namespace='NCBI_gi' id='111076'> <Integer namespace='' id='' articleName="length">38</Integer> <String namespace='' id='' articleName="SequenceString"> ATGATGATAGATAGAGGGCCCGGCGCGCGCGCGCGC </String> </ DNASequence > ISA Integer HASA ISA HASA Object String ISA Virtual ISA Generic ISA DNA Sequence Sequence Sequence Legacy file formats • Containing "String" allows us to define ontological classes that represent legacy data types (e.g. the 20 existing sequence formats!) <NCBI_Blast_Report namespace='NCBI_gi' id='115325'> <String namespace='' id='' articleName='content'> TBLASTN 2.0.4 [Feb-24-1998] Reference: Altschul, Stephen F., Thomas L. Madden, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Jinghui Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Webb Miller, and David J. Lipman (1997), "Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs", Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402. Query= gi|1401126 (504 letters) Database: Non-redundant GenBank+EMBL+DDBJ+PDB sequences 336,723 sequences; 677,679,054 total letters Searchingdone Score E Sequences producing significant alignments: (bits) Value gb|U49928|HSU49928 Homo sapiens TAK1 binding protein (TAB1) mRNA... 1009 0.0 emb|Z36985|PTPP2CMR P.tetraurelia mRNA for protein phosphatase t... 58 4e-07 emb|X77116|ATMRABI1 A.thaliana mRNA for ABI1 protein 53 1e-05 </String> </NCBI_Blast_Report> Binaries – pictures, movies • We base64 encode binaries, and then define a hierarchy of data classes that Contain String • base64_encoded_jpeg ISA text/base64 ISA text/plain HASA String <base64_encoded_jpeg namespace='TAIR_image' id='3343532'> <String namespace='' id='' articleName='content'> MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExCzAJBgUrDgMCGgUAMIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAQAAoIIJQDCC Av4wggJnoAMCAQICAwhH9jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBkjELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkExFTATBgNV MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExCzAJBgUrDgMCGgUAMIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAQAAoIIJQDCC Av4wggJnoAMCAQICAwhH9jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBkjELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkExFTATBgNV BAgTDFdlc3Rlcm4gQ2FwZTESMBAGA1UEBxMJQ2FwZSBUb3duMQ8wDQYDVQQKEwZUaGF3dGUx HTAbBgNVBAsTFENlcnRpZmljYXRlIFNlcnZpY2VzMSgwJgYDVQQDEx9QZXJzb25hbCBGcmVl bWFpbCBSU0EgMjAwMC44LjMwMB4XDTAyMDkxNTIxMDkwMVoXDTAzMDkxNTIxMDkwMVowQjEf MB0GA1UEAxMWVGhhd3RlIEZyZWVtYWlsIE1lbWJlcjEfMB0GCSqGSIb3DQEJARYQamprM0Bt </String> </base64_encoded_jpeg> Extending legacy data types • With legacy data-types defined, we can extend them as we see fit • annotated_jpeg ISA base64_encoded_jpeg • annotated_jpeg HASA 2D_Coordinate_set • annotated_jpeg HASA Description <annotated_jpeg namespace='TAIR_Image' id='3343532'> <2D_Coordinate_set namespace='' id='' articleName="pixelCoordinates"> <Integer namespace='' id='' articleName="x_coordinate">3554</Integer> <Integer namespace='' id='' articleName="y_coordinate">663</Integer> </2D_Coordinate_set> <String namespace='' id='' articleName="Description"> This is the phenotype of a ufo-1 mutant under long daylength, 16'C </String> <String namespace='' id='' articleName="content"> MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExCzAJBgUrDgMCGgUAMIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAQAAoIIJQDCC Av4wggJnoAMCAQICAwhH9jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBkjELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkExFTATBgNV </String> </annotated_jpeg> The same object… annotated_jpeg ISA base64_encoded_jpeg HASA 2D_Coordinate_set HASA Description <annotated_jpeg namespace='TAIR_Image' id='3343532'> <2D_Coordinate_set namespace='' id='' articleName="pixelCoordinates"> <Integer namespace='' id='' articleName="x_coordinate"> 3554 </Integer> <Integer namespace='' id='' articleName="y_coordinate"> 663 </Integer> </2D_Coordinate_set> <String namespace='' id='' articleName="Description"> This is the phenotype of a ufo-1 mutant under long daylength, 16'C </String> <String namespace='' id='' articleName="content"> MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExCzAJBgUrDgMCGgUAMIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAQAAoIIJQDCC Av4wggJnoAMCAQICAwhH9jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBkjELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkExFTATBgNV </String> </annotated_jpeg> The same object… annotated_jpeg ISA base64_encoded_jpeg HASA 2D_Coordinate_set HASA Description <annotated_jpeg namespace='TAIR_Image' id='3343532'> <CrossReference> <Object namespace="TAIR_Allele" id="ufo-1"/> </CrossReference> <2D_Coordinate_set namespace='' id='' articleName="pixelCoordinates"> <CrossReference> <Object namespace='TAIR_Tissue' id='122'/> </CrossReference> <Integer namespace='' id='' articleName="x_coordinate"> 3554 </Integer> <Integer namespace='' id='' articleName="y_coordinate"> 663 </Integer> </2D_Coordinate_set> <String namespace='' id='' articleName="Description"> This is the phenotype of a ufo-1 mutant under long daylength, 16'C </String> MIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAqCAMIACAQExCzAJBgUrDgMCGgUAMIAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAQAAoIIJQDCC Av4wggJnoAMCAQICAwhH9jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBkjELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkExFTATBgNV How to think about MOBY Objects and Namespaces Data perspective X Data perspective Y Object X Object Y Record in "gi" Namespace (Genbank record) Why define Objects in an ontology? Bioinformatics service providers are not all experienced programmers The Moby Object Ontology provides an environment within which "naïve" service providers can create new complex data-types WITHOUT generating new flatfile formats, and without having to understand XML Schema Minimize future heterogeneity between new data-types to improve interoperability without requiring endless schema-to-schema mapping efforts. A portion of the MOBY-S Object Ontology …community-built! How do we use the Moby Ontologies? Discovery of services That consume things LIKE sequences! Sequence Align MOBY Phylogeny Central Primers A sequence is a ___ What is a sequence? That has these features __ Object ontology Let's see BioMoby in action Some screenshots of a Gbrowse Moby browsing session To retrieve this session File/Save This is SCUFL – Simple Conceptual Unified Flow Language It is a complete record of everything you just did, and it can be saved for use in the Taverna workflow application that we will look at later… ** Taverna Workflow: gbrowse_moby_workflow.xml Browsing myriad resources through a single interface • No explicit coordination between providers • Dynamic discovery of ~appropriate Resources (Web Services) • Automated execution of services • Appropriate rendering of the output • PIPELINING of output data into next service Try a MOBY Browsing Session http://www.mobycentral.cbr.nrc.ca Using and Editing BioMoby Workflows In Taverna Taverna Workbench Tom Oinn and Martin Senger myGrid Project Downloading Taverna • Taverna can be obtained from: http://taverna.sourceforge.net • Once at the site, click on Download • Download the version appropriate for your operating system. • Between releases, the Moby functionality may be updated and you can find instructions on how to acquire those updates from: http://biomoby.open-bio.org/index.php/moby-clients/taverna_plugin Running • For a more comprehensive guide on Running and using Taverna, please refer to http://taverna.sourceforge.net/usermanual/manual.html • Assuming that you have downloaded and unzipped Taverna, you can run it by double-clicking on runme.bat (windows) or executing runme.sh (Unix/Linux/OS X) • You may need to: $ chmod u+r runme.sh • Taverna's splash screen • Once Taverna has loaded, you will see 3 windows: – Advanced Model Explorer – Workflow Diagram – Available Services • The Advanced model explorer is Taverna's primary editor and allows you to load, save and edit any property of a workflow. • Workflow diagram contains a read only graphical representation of your workflow. • The Available services window lists all of the services available to a workflow designer. • Under the node 'Biomoby @ …' Moby services and Moby data types are represented. • The Object ontology is available as children of MOBY Objects node • Services are sorted by service provider authority • If you wish to use registries other than the default one, you can add a new Moby 'Scavenger' by choosing to 'Add new Biomoby scavenger…' • Enter the registry's location and click okay. Creating Workflows • I have the workflow saved and would like to offer it for download. • We will start by adding the Object ontology node Object to our workflow. • The Advanced model explorer now shows that we have a processor called Object – Object has 3 input ports: id, namespace and article name – Object has 1 output port: mobyData • The Workflow diagram illustrates our processor • We can discover services that consume our data type, context click on 'Object' and choose 'Moby Object Details' • A window will pop up that tells you what services Object feeds into and is produced by • Expanding the Feeds into node results in a list of service provider authorities • Expanding an authority, for example, bioinfo.icapture.ubc.ca, reveals a list of services • We will choose to add the service called 'MOBYSHoundGetGenBankFasta' to our workflow. • A look at the state of our current workflow. • And graphically. • The service consumes Object, with article name identifier, and produces FASTA, with article name fasta. • To discover more services, context click on the service that outputs the data type that you would like to discover consuming services for and choose Moby Service Details. • The resultant window displays the services inputs and outputs. • There are also tool tips that show up when your mouse hovers over any particular input or output that tells you what namespaces the data type is valid in • Context clicking on an output reveals a menu with 3 options. – A brief search for services that consume our datatype – A semantic search for services that consume our datatype – Adding a parser to the workflow that understands our datatype • The result of choosing to add a parser for FASTA to our workflow. • The parser allows us to extract: – The namespace and id from FASTA – The namespace and id from the child String – The textual content from the child String • The result of choosing to conduct a brief search for services that consume FASTA • We will add the service getDragonBlastText to our workflow by choosing 'Add service -…' from the context menu • The current state of our workflow shown graphically. • A more complex view of our workflow • Finding services that consume NCBI_BLAST_Text starts by viewing the details of the service 'getDragonBlastText' • Conduct a brief search • Add the service 'parseBlastText' to our workflow • Our current workflow • Workflow inputs are added by context clicking on Workflow inputs in the Advanced model explorer and choosing 'Create New Input…' • The result from adding 2 inputs: – Id – namespace • The workflow input id will be connected to Object's input port 'id' • Workflow after connecting the workflow input 'id' • The workflow input namespace will connect to Object's input port 'namespace' • Workflow after connection the workflow inputs. • Workflow outputs are added by context clicking on Workflow outputs in the Advanced model explorer and choosing 'Create New Output…' • The result from adding 2 workflow outputs: – moby_blast_ids – fasta_out • The output moby_blast_ids will be connected to parseBlastText's output port Object(Collection –'hit_ids') • The output fasta_out will be connected to Parse_Moby_Data_FASTA's output port fasta_'content' • To run the workflow, click on 'Tools and Workflow Invocation' • Choose 'Run workflow' • A prompt to add values to our 2 workflow inputs • To add a value to the input 'id' click on id from the left pane and choose 'New Input' • Enter 656461 as the id • Choose namespace from the left and click on 'New Input' • Enter NCBI_gi as the value for namespace • Once you are done, click on 'Run Workflow' • Our workflow in action • Once the workflow is complete, we can examine the results of our workflow. • A detailed report is available outlining what happened when and in what order. • We can examine the intermediate inputs and output, as well as visualize our workflow. • If we choose the Graph tab, our workflow is illustrated. • Intermediate inputs allow us to examine what a service has accepted as input • Similarly, Intermediate outputs allows us to examine the output from any particular service. • Without the parser, FASTA is represented as a Moby message, fully enclosed in its wrapper. • Non-moby services do not expect this kind of message • Non-moby services expect the just the sequence and using the Parse_Moby_Data processor, we can extract just that • Moby services can interact with the other services in Taverna. • Let's add a Soaplab service. • We will choose a nucleic_restriction soaplab service called 'restrict' • Choose the restrict service and add it to the workflow. • We will connect the output port fasta_'content' from the service Parse_Moby_Da ta_FASTA to the input port 'sequence_direct _data' from the service restrict • The result of our actions so far. • We will need to add another workflow output to capture the output of restrict. • Create an output called restrict_out • Connect the output port 'outfile' from the service restrict to the workflow output restrict_out • Once the connections have been made, run the workflow again using the same inputs. • The workflow on the left has some extra services added to it. – FASTA2HighestGenericSequenceObject from the authority bioinfo.icapture.ubc.ca – runRepeatMasker from the authority genome.imim.es – A Moby parser for the output DNASequence from runRepeatMasker. – A workflow output Masked_Sequence • Add them to your workflow • The service runRepeatMasker is configurable, i.e. it consumes Secondary parameters. • To edit these parameters, context click on the service and choose 'Configure Moby Service' • The name of the parameter is on the left and the value is on the right. • Clicking on the Value will bring up a drop down menu, an input text field, or any other appropriate field depending on the parameter. • The parameter species contains an enumerated list of possibilities. • Select human. • When you have made your selection, you may close the window. • Let's run the workflow • We will run our workflow with a list – Click on id in the left pane and then click on New Input twice • Enter 656461 and 654321 as the ids • Enter NCBI_gi as the value for namespace • Our workflow will now run using each id with the single namespace • Notice how the workflow is running with iterations. This is happening because the Enacter is performing a cross- product on the input • You can still view intermediate inputs and outputs. • Using the queryIDs, you can track each invocation of a moby service through the whole workflow • Imagine now that you want to run the workflow using a FASTA sequence that you input yourself (without the gi identifier) • To do this, context click on getDragonBlastText and choose Moby Service Details – Expand the Inputs node and context click on FASTA('sequence') – Choose Add Datatype – FASTA('sequence') to the workflow • A FASTA datatype will be added to the workflow and the appropriate links created • Notice the datatype FASTA on the left of the workflow – Since the datatype FASTA hasa String, a String was also added to our workflow and the appropriate connection was made • We will now have to add another workflow input and connect it to the String component of FASTA. • A workflow input 'sequence' was added to the workflow and a connection was made from the workflow input to the input port 'value' of String. • We also removed the link between MOBYSHoundGetGenBankFasta and getDragonBlastText by context clicking on the link in the Advanced model explorers' Data links and choosing to remove the link • Now when we choose to run our workflow, we will also have the chance to enter a FASTA sequence • Go ahead an enter any FASTA sequence as the input to the workflow input 'sequence' • Run the workflow • Any results can be saved by simply choosing to Save to disk – You will be prompted to enter a directory to save the results. – Each workflow output will be saved in a folder with the same name as a workflow output and the contents of the folder will be the results • You can also choose Excel, which produces an Excel worksheet with columns representing the workflow outputs and with rows that represent the actual data. Load the SCUFL workflow you saved earlier • After your gbrowse_moby browsing session, you saved the workflow. – http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~markw/taverna_workflows/ • Load it up again now, look at it, and perhaps run it • Please don't ALL run it…when all of you run the same workflow simultaneously it will cause an awful load on the poor service providers! ;-)
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Steve Adair and Naomi Thorson: Like Minnesota, N.D. can benefit from conservation fund
BISMARCK — This is an exciting time to live in North Dakota. Our economy is growing, jobs are plentiful, and personal incomes are increasing.
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Tor (anonymity network) - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Tor is free software for enabling anonymous communication. the name is an acronym derived from the original software project name the onion router tor directs. Pedobear | know your meme, Pedobear is a cartoon mascot that gained an iconic status through usage on 4chan when pedophilia related content has been posted. for more info, visit kym.. The hidden wiki - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, The hidden wiki is a censorship-resistant wiki operating as a tor hidden service that anyone can anonymously edit. the main page serves as a directory of links to.
Terms of services - extalia forum, Please select a language in which to view the terms of services. be advised however, the non-english terms of services may be outdated. currently, the english. 4chan, 4chan is a simple image-based bulletin board where anyone can post comments and share images. there are boards dedicated to a variety of topics, from japanese. Pthc pictures, images & photos | photobucket, View the 3 best pthc photos, pthc images, pthc pictures. download photos or share to facebook, twitter, tumblr, blogger.


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Staff Reporter
HYDERABAD: The police on Tuesday reportedly picked up Ali Sayeed, member of the Mumbai-based mafia gang led by Chota Shakeel, from the old city when he allegedly tried to extort money from a real estate businessman.
Sayeed, it is learnt, was threatening to kill the businessman if he failed to give money. The businessman approached the police officials who laid a trap for him and caught him late in the night.
More In: ANDHRA PRADESH | NATIONAL


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<< Back - 2004 > Jeep > Liberty > Suspension > Strut Assembly
2004 Jeep Liberty Strut Assembly
I am very pleased with Parts Geek. I purchased the left and right front struts for my Jeep and found out one had a loose part after it was installed. I took the new strut back off and sent it in. Being this was the first time I had purchased parts online, I wasn't too sure. Parts Geek gave me a full refund on the part with no questions asked. I am very satisfied and will surely order from them again.
This is a good product, assembled correctly and shipped in good condition. The only negative comment would be i had to remove the plastic sleeve that sits around the piston rod because it would rattle around when hitting major bumps in the road. otherwise this is a good product and i would recommend.
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Explore River Park North by the light of the full moon. We will be on the lookout for the many things that come out at night. The hike will be about 2 miles so wear appropriate clothing.


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Thursday, September 24, 2009
Moment of Exodus via NexRad
This is it! Get your binoculars and hit the field! Clam to southerly winds produced the largest movement of birds thus far this fall over the Midwest and Ohio Valley:
Because it's relatively late in warbler migration, I doubt you'll find a lot of diversity. Wisconsin birders should look for Black-throated Green Warblers, Nashville, Tennessee, probably the first Orange-crowned Warblers, and of course, Palm and Yellow-rumped Warblers. Always be prepared for the stragglers, though. Naturally, White-throated and other sparrows should be on the increase soon. Bring on the Zonotrichia!
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Mike McDowell
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Dr. Ronald J. Gowey, MD
Orthopaedic Surgery
- 2121 Wilshire Blvd Ste 201
Santa Monica, CA 90403
- 2 Locations
- (310) 576-7267
Dr. Ronald J. Gowey graduated from the Saint Louis University School of Medicine in 1960. He works in Santa Monica, CA and 1 other location and specializes in Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Dr. Gowey is affiliated with Providence Saint Johns Health Center and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center. He speaks English and Spanish.
Gender: Male
Languages Spoken: English, Spanish
Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
Medical School: Saint Louis University School of Medicine; Graduated 1960
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.


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Fusarium Wilt on peas? (yellowing from bottom up)
semajeJuly 20, 2010
My Snow Peas plants were doing tremendous. I got a decent crop out of them even. They all put out new flushes of growth covered in flowers and now small peas. But of course something has to go wrong. The plant began yellowing and drying from the bottom up. The leaves that is. I didn't think much of it, but now I am, because entire plants are showing it now. I did some research and it might be Fusarium wilt? Is there anything to do about this? or are they goners?


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Accessibility Links
Edwin Boyd, bank robber in training
It's the early 1950s, and banks are popping up all over "Toronto the Good." So too is a daring group of villains (or heroes, depending on who you ask): the bank-robbing, jail-busting "Boyd Gang." Warring newspapers and budding television stations race to break any news of Toronto's most infamous gangsters, and capture the imagination of the public.
Boyd bides his time as a window washer and a streetcar driver. Eventually he musters up the courage to hold up a north Toronto bank. Six more robberies follow. But then he's caught and thrown into the notorious Don Jail, where he meets Willie "the clown" Jackson and Lenny "Tough Lennie" Jackson. With the help of a cleverly-hidden hacksaw blade, these men slip through the bars and into the headlines.
• Boyd was frequently in and out of jail during the Depression. His first serious crime was robbing a deserted gas station near Saskatoon at age 22. He was caught and served two and a half years in the Prince Albert penitentiary.
• Boyd's first bank heist was a Bank of Montreal branch in north Toronto. He drank a bottle of whisky first, even though he wasn't much of a drinker. Boyd held the bank tellers at gunpoint using a German Luger pistol he acquired during the war.
• Bank manager George Elwood fired five shots at Boyd as he ran off with a $3,000 haul.
• Edwin Boyd sported a trademark fedora for each bank job.
• Toronto's two daily newspapers, the Toronto Telegram and the Toronto Daily Star, were locked in a fierce circulation war, and were quick to publicize the daring bank robberies. Reporters would rush to the scene of the crime, dash off a quick story and run to the closest telephone to relay it to the news desk. The Telegram's Val Sears said the competition was so furious that reporters would sometimes remove the telephone's microphone, rendering it useless for rival reporters.
• Valent Lesso, a.k.a. Steve Suchan, was supposed to pick up the three fugitives when they broke out of the Don Jail. But Suchan didn't show – he was visiting his girlfriend (Lennie Jackson's sister.) So the escapees ran off on foot into the Don Valley. Despite the blunder, Suchan soon became a member of the gang.
Program: The Fifth Estate
Broadcast Date: Jan. 30, 1996
Guest(s): Edwin Boyd, Jocko Thomas, Jack Webster
Reporter: Linden MacIntyre
Duration: 8:23
Photo: Homepage photo: Toronto Star Syndicate
Last updated: April 25, 2012
Page consulted on September 10, 2014
All Clips from this Topic
The fugitive Boyd Gang are collared for the last time.
After 10 years in the slammer, Edwin Boyd makes parole... briefly.
After serving 10 years, Edwin Alonzo Boyd faces a media barrage.
Gang leader's parole revoked due to lack of co-operation and violation...
The men that reported on crime during the 1950s talk about how gangs w...
Steve Suchan and Lennie Jackson pay for the murder of Edmund Tong with...
The notorious Boyd Gang are back behind bars thanks to the work of two...
From his days as a young hoodlum and later as a wartime commando, Edwi...
To many Torontonians, the Boyd Gang are local heroes, robbing from the...
The Boyd Gang busts out again, the nationwide manhunt that follows is ...
Could Edwin Alonzo Boyd have been a murderer? One journalist believes ...
It's the early 1950s, and banks are popping up all over "Toronto the G...


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|Viewing Single Post From: Friday, November 15th Daily Discussion
|Nov 18 2013, 01:59 PM
He's not a cop and he didn't take her to courts. His evidence doesn't have to be more than circumstantial. He was wrong and he knows that now, but he had plenty of evidence supporting what he believed.
|Friday, November 15th Daily Discussion · DAYS: News, Spoilers & Discussion


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Difference between perennial & annual
sconnielillApril 26, 2010
I have a lot of violets growing in my yard, a bit weedlike actually. I don't know how to tell if they are perennials or if they are reseeding. Is there a particular leaf shape or flower color that tends toward one or the other?


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TSA Groper Files Suit Against Blogger 699
from the watch-what-you-say dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
her private parts without explicit consent and complete freedom to decline without repraisal is sexual assault.
And that person will be physically injured by me unless he or she is lucky enough to have the cops get there first.
It's posts like this that should show you that Europeans are just as enlightened or ignorant as Americans.
Do you really think that is the average person's experience at the airport? Do you really think Americans are nuts?
Seriously, you think the US is some crazy place?
I was born in Africa, have a very Muslim name, live in Canada now, and have been to the US dozens of times. Sometimes for work. Sometimes for play.
You know what US border/airport security is like? It's pretty routine... apart from the whole taking off my shoes thing. But the personnel are pretty normal. No different than I've experienced in the UK or Holland.
During my last trip for work in Florida, I left my shaving cream and toothpaste in my carry-on bag by accident. Normally I throw it all out. It got flagged in the scanners. The guy called his supervisor. They had me step aside, emptied the bag... found out it was shaving cream, cracked a joke... threw out my shaving cream, and I was on my way. Pretty regular behavior.
I'm sure some people have had bad experiences. But people have had bad experiences in the UK, Canada, France... too. The US just isn't that nutty.
"doing what they told me to do" defense
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Defense [wikipedia.org]
Very subtle Godwin. And one that's actually on-topic
Administration: An ingenious abstraction in politics, designed to receive the kicks and cuffs due to the premier or president. -- Ambrose Bierce


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Bosch Electric Rotary Hammers
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The Bosch 11321EVS SDS-Max® demolition rotary hammer is the perfect tool for concrete, brick or cinder block demolition work.Learn more about the Bosch 11321EVS
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Stem the grapes and chill thoroughly.
One half hour before serving arrange 1/3 cup. grapes in each sherbet glass.
Combine the orange juice and lime juice and sweeten.
Stir well and pour over the grapes, allowing about 1/3 cup for each glass.
Chill until ready to serve, then garnish each with a sprig of mint.
If desired, fresh raspberries may be substituted for the seedless grapes.


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Whether you're looking for a new career, or searching to enhance your current position, Midwest Technical Institute (MTI) can help kick-start your educational goals. Through a diverse, innovative mix of mechanical trades, transportation, health and wellness, as well as allied health programs, MTI has earned a reputation for excellence in meeting local community needs, in regards to its workforce.
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MONTANA BOARD OF BARBERS AND COSMETOLOGISTS Kalispell Red Eagle Aviation Inc. 1880 Hwy 93 S. Kalispell, MT 59901 Approved School. SECURITY PROCEDURES The following items are not permitted in the examination room:
Distribution Of The Federal Pell Grant Program Awards For …
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Creviers Catalog 2012
The school is one block from Kalispell Center mall and Main Street. 2. CREVIERS SCHOOL OF COSMETOLOGY HAS BEEN LICENSED AND BONDED SINCE 1958. COORPERATE OWNERS STATE LICENSING AGENCY MONTANA STATE BOARD OF COSMETOLOGY, 301 SOUTH PARK AVENUE, HELENA, MONTANA 59620. PHONE (406)
4401 Ford Avenue, Suite 1300 Alexandria, VA 22302 703.600 …
Montana Crevier's School of Cosmetology Ref. #036020-00 240 West Idaho Kalispell, MT 59901 Process: Renewal of Accreditation Nebraska Capitol School of Hairstyling and Esthetics Ref. #037004-00 10803 John Galt Boulevard Omaha, NE 68137
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Widener univ school of law – de 4601 concord pike/po box 7474 wilmington de 19803 b06171 center for advanced studies of puer box s-4467 san juan pr lacy cosmetology school – 2361 augusta highway 29072 e01264 rasmussen college – lake elmo 8565 eagle point circle lake elmo 55042 e01265
THE COSMETOLOGY PRACTICAL EXAM – Montana DLI – Business Standards
The Montana State Board of Cosmetologists has set forth the following requirements for licensure by examination: least 2000 hours in a registered school of cosmetology. < If you have a course of study less than 2000 hours
Montana Higher Education Opportunities
Montana Higher Educational Opportunities Kalispell, MT 59901 (406) 756-3961 School Code: 006777 777 Grandview Drive Kalispell, MT 59901 Academy of Cosmetology, 133 West Mendenhall, Bozeman, MT 59715 (406) 587-8446 School Code: 026213
Bitterroot school of cosmetology 2079 b north 1st street kalispell mt 59901 montana beauty college 7 north prairie miles city mt 59349 certificate #3205-c m molly anderson 406-234-4884
Cosmetology School of Arts and Sciences, LLC (Burley) Court Reporting Institute (Boise) Eastern Idaho Technical College (Idaho Falls) Montana. Academy of Cosmetology (Bozeman) Academy of Nail & Skin Technology, LLP (Billings)
Distribution Of Federal Pell Grants – Award Year 2007-08 (MS …
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Prada Infusion d'Iris EDP
263 reviews
66% would repurchase
Package Quality: 4.2
Price: $$$
Package Quality: 4.2
Price: $$$
on 6/13/2011 5:51:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I love the lightness of floral. This is a delicate, complicated, and a very grown up scent. You've graduated from the cloying perfumes of your teen yrs with this fragrance.
on 6/11/2011 6:19:00 AM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Normal, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This has become my favourite scent because of its citric, woodsy freshness. It's got a lovely soft iris scent, but it's not too floral. The only downside for me is that it doesn't last as long as a lot of other EDPs - after a few hours, I find the fresh top notes have gone, although the sweeter base notes last while. Well worth a refresh spray! A beautiful, fresh but very feminine scent.
on 5/31/2011 11:52:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Very Oily, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Curly, Fine
Eyes: Brown
This fragrance is my new HG. And trust me when I say that that statement is one that I almost NEVER make. It is clean, refined, lightly floral and fresh. My only complaint is the fact that it disappears so quickly. Why oh why Prada must you play with my emotions?! The drydown moves flawlessly from top to bottom. The quality in the ingredients as well as the composition is amazing. But like I said, the staying power is minimal at best and for that I've knocked off a lippie :/
on 5/27/2011 10:40:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Blond, Curly, Medium
Eyes: Blue
I bought this on a recent trip to Rome and I fell in love with it. To me, it starts off smelling like Johnssons baby shampoo. As it dries down it becomes powdery and light. I can't stop smelling it and my boyfriend loves it too, and he HATES perfume. Highly reccomend it.
on 5/25/2011 2:26:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Other, Fair, Cool
Hair: Other, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This goes straight into my top 10. I'd liked the idea of iris for years but never bought one, and always thought that Prada fragrances were prohibitively pricey. Tested it a couple of weeks ago and was immediately taken aback by the elegance, coolness and facets of this. Loved especially the vetiver and slight unisex edge. It was light, like many had said, yet there was something tenacious, familiar and amazingly comfortable in the drydown that still never lost its slight distance. Infusion d'Iris is like someone you know intimately who retains a little mystery that keeps you hooked.
I had to get the big 6 oz. bottle (an amazing deal really) - like my HG Cabochard, it's so me, and I never want to be without it!
on 5/10/2011 5:48:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Blond, Wavy, Coarse
Eyes: Blue
This is my go-to perfume for spring and summer. It is fresh and light, and I always get compliments when I wear it. I must admit, I'm a sucker for nice packaging, and I love the way this bottle looks lined up with all my perfumes, or peeking out of my makeup bag. I would agree that it doesn't last a super long time, but I wouldn't say it's any shorter-lasting than other EDPs out there. Just take it with you and admire the bottle when you touch up.
on 5/9/2011 1:00:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I love this scent! I get a clean floral with notes of green tea. And I swear I smell a slightly spicy note, maybe black peppercorn? It's a good clean smell with a kick. I love it so much, I even find myself spraying it on at bedtime...love the way this lingers on my sheets as well!
on 5/1/2011 10:03:00 AM
Age: 44-55
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
Don't get all the hype!! Thanks goodness I got a sample of this from Sephora. All I can say is Stink! Stank! Stunk!!
on 4/30/2011 9:48:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Black, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Brown
I really like this perfume. It's different from the other things out there. I was looking for something young, in an european kind of way and not the screechingly loud miley cyrus type of young, and this comes pretty close.
It is really soft, and slightly powdery. When you smell it up close, there's a slight bitterness to it, but I like that. It reminds me of Paris Fashion Week. I don't know why, but it evokes the image of the Grand Palais.
It lasts pretty well on me. I put this on, took a shower 4 hours later, and I could still smell it after that. Plus, I have dry skin, so I don't know why other people say this doesn't last. Perfume is supposed to last longer on moisturised skin?
I only gave this 4 lippies even though I would buy it again is because it doesn't exactly give me what I'm looking for. I'm looking for something that is slightly more natural.
The sephora SA said this doesn't sell very well and that's a MAJOR PLUS for me. I don't like having the same fragrance as everyone else (ala coco mademoiselle).
on 4/13/2011 2:58:00 AM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Green
My experience with this has been negative. Every time I am reminded of this product I think of this story.
I was SO excited to try this upon its debut, available only at Neiman Marcus. On a trip to the city I went out of my way to go to a Neiman Marcus just to buy this.
My plebeian Visa card (with an unused $6,500 limit) was completely unacceptable at Neiman Marcus and their apparent 'NO POORS!' policy. I'm surprised they didn't have security escort me out for being so 'working class'.
So anyway I was too tired to go to an ATM for the cash and by that point disenchanted with their pretentious elitism.
And for that I will never buy anything Prada or anything from Neiman Marcus.
(But yeah, I did try on the perfume before I attempted to purchase it and it was pleasant, soft, very subtle and it faded SO FAST {and it's a PARFUM?!} so I don't think I'm really missing out)
Don't bother buying this unless you are ostentatious and gauche enough to also own $1200 cashmere pajamas, couture everything, and a Maybach to go with it or you'll never be good enough for anything Prada!
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League of Women Voters head in DL to talk election issues
Since October 1919, the League of Women Voters-Minnesota has been working diligently to preserve and protect voter rights not only for women, but for all residents of the state.
"Ninety-five years later, we're still kicking," said Susan Sheridan Tucker, executive director of LWV-MN, during a visit to Detroit Lakes on Tuesday.
Tucker has been hard at work since the start of her tenure with the organization last October, visiting chapters throughout the state.
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