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Coachella Sunday: Thom Yorke, Gorillaz, Pavement, Spoon, Deerhunter
By Pitchfork on April 19, 2010 at 12:25 p.m. EDT
Above: Thom Yorke by Natalie Kardos
The Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival concluded with performances by Thom Yorke, Gorillaz, Pavement, Deerhunter, Spoon, Julian Casablancas, the Big Pink, Matt & Kim, Florence and the Machine, Charlotte Gainsbourg, and many more.
Check out a selection of shots by Natalie Kardos and Chris Tuite after the jump, then head over to our photo book for a complete selection of full-size photos.
Listen: Gorillaz Remixed by Unicorn Kid
By Tom Breihan on April 13, 2010 at 11:00 a.m. EDT
Gorillaz' De La Soul/Gruff Rhys collab "Superfast Jellyfish" already sounded perfectly futuristic before Edinburgh chip music upstart Unicorn Kid got his hands on it. And if you didn't like the chorus, but loved De La Soul's verses? This one's for you.
Gorillaz: The Online Video Game
By Ryan Dombal on March 29, 2010 at 4:15 p.m. EDT
The latest cross-promotional item from those 21st century cartoons known as Gorillaz is a web-based video game called "Escape to Plastic Beach". The game has three levels (first two are free, last one you have to pay for and also comes with a download of new single "Superfast Jellyfish"). We just tried the first one, which is based on the car-chase "Stylo" video, and it wasn't exactly revolutionary (it's no "RC Pro-Am"), but probably worth a few wasted work minutes. Play the game here and please don't get yourself fired.
The latest Gorillaz LP, Plastic Beach, is quite good.
Gorillaz on Fan Club Tour Now
By Ryan Dombal on March 23, 2010 at 10:00 a.m. EDT
Gorillaz are currently treating hardcore devotees to an exclusive fan-only rehearsal tour around England. The core band includes Gorillaz mastermind Damon Albarn alongside reunited Clash members Mick Jones and Paul Simonon. The current tour is in preparation for the group's Coachella gig along with two just-announced London shows at the Roundhouse April 29 and 30. Much like the cartoon collective's albums, the LDN gigs will be heavy on big name guests.
Stream New Albums From Titus Andronicus, Liars, Gorillaz, Broken Bells
By Amy Phillips on March 2, 2010 at 5:40 p.m. EST
Next Tuesday, March 9, is a big record release day in the U.S. Several titles coming out next week are available for your listening pleasure right now. Click below for links to stream new albums from Titus Andronicus, the Shins' James Mercer and Danger Mouse's Broken Bells, Gorillaz, Liars, and more:
Video: Gorillaz: "Stylo"
By Ryan Dombal on March 2, 2010 at 10:30 a.m. EST
The new Gorillaz LP, Plastic Beach, is out March 9 on Virgin-- it's streaming in its entirety right now on NPR-- and here's the first music video from the record. The semi-animated "Stylo" clip finds the Gorillaz members in a classic car chase across the desert. Badass-for-hire Bruce Willis is the dude chasing them. Why Bruce Willis? Why not, we say!
Watch the video here.
New Gorillaz: "Superfast Jellyfish"
By Tom Breihan on February 25, 2010 at 5:35 p.m. EST
Earlier today, Gorillaz debuted a new track called "Superfast Jellyfish" on BBC Radio 1. The track, which features De La Soul and Super Furry Animals frontman Gruff Rhys, will appear on Gorillaz album number three, Plastic Beach, due March 9 in the U.S. via Virgin.
After it aired on the radio, the group didn't waste any time posting it on YouTube. Click over here to hear the non-embeddable track, via Onethirty BPM.
Damon Albarn Auctions Your Very Own Song for Haiti
By Tom Breihan on January 22, 2010 at 11:15 a.m. EST
Glastonbury Festival co-organizer Emily Eavis has helped put together a Haiti benefit auction, with proceeds going to Oxfam.
Items being sold to the highest bidder include a Fender Stratocaster from Arctic Monkeys frontman Alex Turner, a turntable from DJ Shadow, the jacket that Chris Martin wore on Coldplay's Viva La Vida tour, an original piece of Radiohead art, and the chance to hear Gang of Four's forthcoming album with guitarist Andy Gill.
But one prize stands out: An exclusive song by Blur/Gorillaz leader Damon Albarn.
Gorillaz Reveal Full Album Details
By Amy Phillips on January 20, 2010 at 2:50 p.m. EST
UPDATE: The official stream of "Stylo" can be found HERE.
Lots of Gorillaz updates today! Just hours after first single "Stylo" (featuring Mos Def and Bobby Womack) leaked, it has been announced that the new Gorillaz album, Plastic Beach, will be out in the U.S. on March 9 via Virgin. "Stylo" will be be officially released January 26.
Here's the story behind the album, according to a press release: "The band have taken up residence, recording on a secret floating island deep in the South Pacific, a Plastic Beach HQ, made up of the detritus, debris and washed up remnants of humanity. This Plastic Beach is the furthest point from any landmass on Earth; the most deserted spot on the planet."
Guests on the album include Snoop Dogg, Lou Reed, Barry Gibb, De La Soul, Mark E. Smith from the Fall, Gruff Rhys of Super Furry Animals, and Mick Jones and Paul Simonon of the Clash. UPDATE: Though Barry Gibb was rumored to be on the album, in actuality, he isn't.
The full tracklist, along with the "Stylo" single cover, is below.
New Gorillaz: "Stylo"
By Amy Phillips on January 20, 2010 at 11:25 a.m. EST
UPDATE: The official stream of "Stylo" can be found HERE.
A day after the announcement that Gorillaz would headline one day of Coachella, the first track from the new album by Damon Albarn and Jamie Hewlett's cartoon band has appeared online. (Thanks to Steve Maviano for the tip.)
Go here to hear "Stylo". UPDATE: Link has been removed, but you can hear it at Spine Magazine. Gigwise reports that the song features Bobby Womack and Mos Def.
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This Artisan® Series model features a tilt-head mixer designed to give you easy access to the bowl and beaters.
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Most Liked Positive Review
Wonderful, as expected!
Just in the 3 weeks I have had it at home,I used it for bread-,pizza-,cookies-,chocolate-making so far.It is a dream! You barely have to do any work!...Read complete review
Just in the 3 weeks I have had it at home,I used it for bread-,pizza-,cookies-,chocolate-making so far.It is a dream! You barely have to do any work! Very fast and efficient and easy to clean.
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Not as good or versatile as I expected it to be
Maybe I have a "lemon", but it's kind of noisy (not just whirring, but kind of clunking at times); there are pockets that, while mixing, just don't get...Read complete review
Maybe I have a "lemon", but it's kind of noisy (not just whirring, but kind of clunking at times); there are pockets that, while mixing, just don't get incorporated - so I have to hand mix them in before they are part of the "mixture", which to me kind of defeats the purpose of having a mechanical mixer; as suggested, I hand wash the components, which is kind of time consuming. The best thing about it is that it looks beautiful on my granite countertop when NOT in use. Aesthetically, it's a very beautiful tool.
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Love this mixer
By Mistyrose
from Minnesota, United States
Comments about KitchenAid Artisan Stand Mixer Pistachio:
I bought this about a month ago and never had one. I love it and use it all the time. The only draw back is' I wish it had a shield like the old ones that had tow pieces to it that snapped together . This one don't fit tight.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Everything comes out perfect!
By Fiddlebunny
from Mt. Tremper, NY
I bought my mixer about a month ago and I love it...I love the color. I call it my kitchen jewelry. It makes the preparation of wonderful recipes so much easier.
love my mixer!
By ljamm
from La Porte, IN, United States
I love my kitchen aid mixer! It's great for mashed potatoes and everything else I haven't got to yet!
Beautiful pistachio color
By cassk20
from Prior Lake, MN
It's very heavy duty and a beautiful addition to my kitchen countertop. The color is so perfect it's actually the inspiration for my kitchen remodel project! Haven't used the mixer much yet, but kitchenaid has a great reputation
Beats Kneading!!!
By Nlmarsh
from Charlotte, NC, United States
I bought my KitchenAid Artisan about a month ago & I am pleased. The dough hook does the work for me & cuts out the 5-8 min steps of kneading dough. I'm sure it does much more, but I'm enjoying the fact that I can dump the ingredients in one bowl & keep going. I'm looking forward to the durability reputation of this machine & making many homemade breads, cakes, brownies, pastries & pastas for my family.
Cuts my prep. time. Works wonders in my kitchen
By Wild Violet
from Pocatello. Idaho
I LOVE, LOVE, LOVE my pink Kitchenaid mixer. My husband and kids got it for me this Christmas. There isn't any thing I don't like about it, i'm still excited about it. My daughters come over and use it and they love it too, more Kitchenaids for Christmas presents.
Best Features
By JennyBerry
from Minnesota Lake, MN, United States
I bought this recently and it is the absolute best product of it's type on the market. Would recommend to everybody looking to purchase this product. Nothing else can compare. Thank you Kitchenaid....
How did I live without this?
By Ziggy13
from Allentown, PA, United States
For years I saw the Artisan Mixer in ads and on tv. I always thought I would love to have one, but figured I could get by without one. Then I started making homemade bagels. I enjoyed making and eating them, but the hassle made it hard to do it unless there was a lot of time. Then I bought my mixer, and now I am cranking out double batches for us and all our neighbors, all the while having fun. I can't wait to add some attachments and try other foods I have been putting off. Thanks Kitchen aid!
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
I'm in love...
By gailbk11
from Denver, CO, United States
My friend sent this to me as a gift and I am so grateful, super friend, great mixer...I love to cook and I have Lupus so it's not easy for me to stand for long periods of time using a hand mixer...My Kitchenaid came to my rescue and saved the day...and my cooking.
So very dependable.
By Lily1945
from Columbia, MO, United States
I always buy Kitchen Aid products. They are dependable, durable and I have never had a problem in 40 years. I can't imagine having any other stand mixer. I have given them to my daughters and a niece as presents. The fact that they are made in the USA makes it even sweeter.
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subset: commoncrawl


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OK this is a two part question:
1) Brewing a lemongrass wheat beer from AHS this thursday. The bittering hops it came with were Spalt (5% aa) but I have a spare ounce of Cascade (5.6% aa) in my fridge. I was thinking of using the Cascade because I know it has a citrusy aroma profile which would be consistent with the lemongrass added at flameout and lemon/lime zest added to secondary. I just wanted to know if the Cascade contributes a similar faint citrus taste when used as a bittering hop and get an idea of whether you guys think I should use the Cascade as my bittering hop or just use the Spalt the kit came with.
2) The Cascade hops I mentioned above have been sitting in my fridge, not my freezer, for about a month in the same bag I bought them in from my LHBS. Will they still be good to use or have they lost a significant amount of freshness/aa content. Thanks a lot guys, really looking forward to this one, I want it to be the perfect summer brew.
If they gave you an ounce of Spalt, I'd split the ounce and add .5 ounce for 60 mins. Drop the whole ounce of Cascade for 30 mins. and add the last .5 ounce of Spalt in the last 15-5 mins. Closer to the end based on your cooling system, if it takes 30 mins or more to cool, throw them in at 5. If you can cool fairly quickly, put them in around 15 mins.
Cascade is my favorite hop and it will give you that grapefruit undertone that works well in wheat beers.
Hope this helps!
They will have lost a bit of their bitterness and aroma, but I wouldn't worry about it for a wheat, as they're low IBU anyway.
I think they'd work OK. You just need to decide whether you want some citrus flavor, or aroma, or both. Use your Spalt for bittering, then add some Cascade at around 20min for flavor, then at 5 min or flameout for aroma. I don't think I'd use any more than a half ounce for either addition if you want to keep the beer within style guidelines. If you do a 20 min addition, keep in mind the IBU's you'll get form them.....you might want to cut back your bittering hops a tad.
From the USDA listings, STORAGE STABILITY: poor (retained 40% of original alpha acids after 6 months room temperature storage)
I doubt the Cascades has lost any AA or aroma after a month in the fridge, but I wouldn't use it in a wheat. It will overwhelm everything else.
Remember one unassailable statistic, as explained by the late, great George Carlin: "Just think of how stupid the average person is, and then realize half of them are even stupider!"
"I would like to die on Mars, just not on impact." Elon Musk
Just an aside: the flavor component is largely lost in any hop that is boiled 60 minutes.
That's not to say that you can't taste the difference between different bittering hops, but it's not exactly "flavor" that you're tasting: more like how smooth or harsh the bittering is.
If you match the AAUs, you'll get a very similar result using different bittering hops.
Where you really notice the difference is with flavor and aroma hops.


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- March 29: Ford Freestyle Engine Surge Lawsuit Not Dead Yet
- March 25: Ford Recalls 221,000 Vehicles in Three Recalls
- March 23: Ford Focus and Fusion Power Steering Lawsuit Dismissed
- March 18: Ford Unintended Acceleration Lawsuit Filed in Louisiana
- March 12: Massive Car Hacking Lawsuit Filed Against Ford, GM and Toyota
NHTSA — Air Bags: Frontal: Sensor/Control Module Problems
10.0really awful
- Crashes / Fires:
- 0 / 0
- Injuries / Deaths:
- 1 / 0
- Average Mileage:
- 18,000 miles
About These NHTSA Complaints:
This data is from the NHTSA — the US gov't agency tasked with vehicle safety. Complaints are spread across multiple & redundant categories, & are not organized by problem.
So how do you find out what problems are occurring? For this NHTSA complaint data, the only way is to read through the comments below. Any duplicates or errors? It's not us.
seat belts / air bags problem


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The Denair Unified School District may be on the brink of insolvency, as the district is unable to meet its financial obligations for the current school year.
Rally towels, spirit shirts and hundreds of screaming fans are what Pitman and Turlock High School students are bringing to the Harvest Bowl this Friday.
Over 150 Turlock children are waiting for a spot in either Head Start or State Preschool. In an effort to fill this early education gap, the Turlock Unified School District is considering implementing the Set For Success Program.
On a cold, windy, dusty day nearly 30 years ago, a group of California State University, Stanislaus professors planted 300 acorns in a vacant campus field.
Hundreds of local students donned their best red attire this week in support of Red Ribbon Week and to celebrate living a drug-free life.
In today's economy it can be tough for a young high school graduate to find work - especially if they are saddled with a learning disability or have special needs. In many cases these students will simply turn 18 and begin collecting Supplemental Security Income, also known as SSI.
Hundreds of Denair residents sported purple and white and returned to their alma mater last Friday to celebrate Denair High's 100th anniversary. The party of the century kicked off with a series of memorable events and a lineup of special guests at the school's Homecoming parade and football game.
Wakefield Elementary School sixth grade students Estefania Gallardo, 11, and Marium Wilson, 11, go above and beyond in the classroom as role models for their peers but perhaps what is more impressive is their individual character. Both students were honored as October's Character Counts students of the month for the trait of trustworthiness.
The Project Atlantis international exchange program will join graduate students from CSU Stanislaus, Poland, and Wales in a two-year psychology study program.
The state's newest University of California, UC Merced, will celebrate the 10 year anniversary of its Oct. 25, 2002 groundbreaking next week.
From apples to oranges, peaches and strawberries, Brown Elementary students were in for a healthy treat on Wednesday when the food services staff from the Turlock Unified School District set up a mini farmers market at their campus.
The Turlock Unified School District's plan to upgrade all teacher computers and network connections in an effort to bring all classrooms to a 21st century standard could be made into a reality if the tax initiative passes this November.
No finer school facility is offered in California for severely disabled students than the newly remodeled John F. Kennedy School. That is the assessment of the new $16.3 million, 34,000-square-foot facility on Stonum Road in Ceres made by Tom Changnon, the superintendent of Stanislaus County schools.
Over 500 Walnut Elementary Magneteers and their families opted to walk instead of ride to school on Wednesday in recognition of International Walk to School Day, part of an effort to promote youth exercise. Public safety personnel escorted students and their families from Cornerstone Church on the corner of Christoffersen Parkway and Crowell Road to the Walnut campus.
The Turlock Unified School District saw a continued growth in test scores, as the newest Accountability Progress Report was released by the state on Thursday.
"When you hear the word 'author' you may only associate it with adults, but what many people don't realize is that anyone with a love of writing and a lot of perseverance can become an author if they set their mind to it-no matter what age they are."
The gratitude felt towards activist Cesar Chavez, who dedicated his life to improve the treatment, pay and working conditions of farm workers, was clearly demonstrated by California State University, Stanislaus when just one year after his death in 1993, the university organized what would be its first annual Cesar Chavez Celebration.
California State University, Stanislaus student Erick Padilla had no idea that all the afternoons he spent after school waiting for his dad to pick him up from Oak Valley Hospital would ultimately inspire him to become a nurse.
What do robots, fashionable clothing, and flowers all have in common?
If asked one year ago whether or not she could imagine herself at the White House with President Barack Obama watching a short film she had made, Erin Benning would have most likely laughed.
Audience members waited with bated breath as Oakdale Police Chief Lester Jenkins carefully formulated his answer on whether or not he personally believed that security personnel should be authorized to carry concealed weapons on school campuses.
Stanislaus Christian Fellowship Chi Alpha is crying discrimination to a recently implemented open-membership policy, which has been enforced by the California State University system in an effort to eliminate discrimination in student organizations system wide.
The Modesto Junior College Speech and Debate team returned with armfuls of awards from their performances at the California Community College Forensics Association State Championship.
Opportunities that allow students to multiply their math expertise never take a break-not even during spring break.
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We now have five more available at the end of April. They are $100-150, with a $50 deposit. Adorable Bobtail Gray Manx Kitten. Healthy, intelligent, and hardly a tail. They're called, Rumpies. Only one. Ready March 14th. $50. Florence. IF SERIOUS, phone calls only. DO NOT E ...
Mar 7 -
Muscle Shoals :
Florence - Cats & kittens
Beautiful Siamese kittens for sale. Bob tail.
Mar 6 -
Chattanooga :
La Fayette - Cats & kittens
Full blooded SIAMESE BOBTAIL kittens. Mom is Bobtail Chocolate SIAMESE Dad is long tail Seal point. Kittens to early to tell.
Mar 4 -
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Beautiful lynx kittens ready now. several to choose from. They have curled ears, poly feet ( extra toes ) and bobtails. These cats get rather large. please email for website and more info.
Mar 4 -
Atlanta :
Atlanta - Cats & kittens
Full Blooded. Mom and Dad on premises. Mom chocolate point bobtail( only one in her litter) Dad beautiful seal point with tail. Babies are 1 week old. Call if you want one taking deposits. Wormed 1 st shot.
Mar 2 -
Chattanooga :
La Fayette - Cats & kittens
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On his 18th birthday Dec. 27, David Pettersen entered adulthood by fulfilling a public-service goal.
The Greenfield High School student filed candidacy papers to run for the Greenfield School Board.
"I have been eagerly awaiting my run for School Board for three or four years now," the young candidate said in an email interview.
"I'm running to make a difference in our community by focusing on the things that really matter — like being a strong advocate for the hard-working taxpayers, students, parents and teachers that make up our great community," Pettersen said.
His main goal would be improving Greenfield's performance on statewide academic tests.
"My primary focus is to work to strengthen the district even more, and work consistently to get Greenfield to exceed the expectations set forth by our state," Pettersen said.
As of noon Jan. 3, only he and incumbent Pam Sierzchulski had filed to run for the two seats available on the board. The filing deadline is 5 p.m. Jan. 7.
School Board President Bruce Bailey, the other incumbent, is running for the Greenfield Common Council instead of seeking another term on the School Board.
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drugs - Page 3
Teen at Center of Colossal Drug Ring That Netted $20K a Month Busted By Police
New Survey Reveals More Teenagers Try Drugs and Alcohol During the Summer
While the summer months are supposed to fun and a much needed break from the previous school year, a new survey finds that many teens are using their summer vacation to try drugs and alcohol.
'Miami Cannibal' Was High on Pot, Not Bath Salts
"Miami Cannibal" Rudy Eugene may have been having a psychotic episode when he stripped naked and started chewing on the face of homeless man Ronald Poppo. But the 31-year-old's behavior wasn't triggered by the drug known as "bath salts," as many have suggested.
Man Gets 11 Years in Vegas Meth Trafficking Case
Should Cocaine Be Legalized? — Survey of the Day
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Use of Dangerous Synthetic Marijuana Growing — How Concerned Should You Be?
Synthetic marijuana use is on the rise and it's got anti-drug activists and the legalization movement concerned. Health experts claim fake pot is a chemical cocktail that produces a similar — and legal — high, but is far more dangerous than the real thing.


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Valery's curator insight, November 4, 2014 4:25 AM
I always have mixed feelings on such subject. Data is fine, and properly used it can drastically decrease the advertising harassment and help you to power a proper inbound marketing.
That is theory. Truth is, most of the data will be exchanged, sold to wrong third parties and it might end up with even more harassment…


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Couple of us from Tehachapi are planning a trip on Sunday to run Portuguese pass and possibly just outstanding, all are welcome. We will be leaving Tehachapi around 8 which would get us up there around 9 or 9:30 im guessing.
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""[Bill Gates] has been historically one of my best supporters…One of my favorite e-mails he ever sent me…I proposed this crazy project. And he sent back this two-line response: 'This has got to be the craziest thing you've ever suggested. Please proceed.'" "
Berlin's Downtown Airport Gathers Support
Business Jet Traveler » April 2008
Tuesday, April 1, 2008 - 5:00am
Defenders of Berlin Tempelhof Airport in downtown Berlin have reported progress in their fight to keep the airfield open, as they have gathered the 170,000 votes required to force a public referendum. For the referendum to be valid, however, 25 percent of the city's 2.425 million voters must participate. Even then, the result would not be binding: a court has already confirmed that the Berlin Senate is authorized to make the closing decision, and it will probably stick with plans to shut down the airport in October.
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P-Mation #41: A-Door-Able
Blue boy meets his lovely neighbor!4.47 / 5.00 8,755 Views
Otherworld - Quiet Luke
in da othawurld4.42 / 5.00 4,974 Views
Joe vs the Environment
In collaboration with Earth Hour 2015 and Pocoyo4.07 / 5.00 2,324 Views
Cute animation!
I kinda felt sorry for the stormtroooper. I mean if you were killing people, do you ever think of THEIR lives? Maybe not. Anyway, this was nicely done, superb animation and very cute.
Very clever
Great antics, wonderful music, and overall a very cute and short flash that can brighten anyones day, very well done animation, very fun to watch, and an overall pleasure kudos!
i think too much.
if you think about it, if you see your life pass in front of your eyes, it would be a loop, you would get to the point where you started to see your life pass in front of your eyes, and then you would go through the whole thing again.
i'll stop talking now.
nice one.
LOL. so they were bucketheads when they popped out of their mothers pussy?
It was... a good flash.
Kinda funny. But it was pretty damn freaky, too. Especially the fetus part.


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The Aspire 5100 is dead. No power, no charging.
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Family Process
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Modelling association football scores by M. J. MAHER* Abstract Previous authors have rejected the Poisson model for association football scores in favour of the Negative Binomial. This paper, however, investigates the Poisson model further. Parameters representing the teams' inherent attacking and defensive strengths are incorporated and the most appropriate model is found from a hierarchy of models. Observed and expected frequencies of scores are compared and goodness-of-fit tests show that although there are some small systematic differences, an independent Poisson model gives a reasonably accurate description of football scores. Improvements can be achieved by the use of a bivariate Poisson model with a correlation between scores of 0.2. Key Words: Poisson goals distribution, iterative maximum likelihood. 1 Introduction MORONEY (1951) demonstrated that the number ofgoals scored by a team in a football match was not well fitted by a Poisson distribution but that ifa "modified Poisson" (the Negative Binomial, in fact) was used, the fit was much better. REEP, POLLARD and BENJAMIN (1971) confirmed this, using data from the English Football League First Division for four seasons, and then proceded to apply the Negative Binomial distribu- tion to other ball games. The implication of this result is that the same Negative Bino- mial distribution applied to the number of goals scored by a team, regardless of the quality of that team or the quality of the opposition. In fact in an earlier paper, REEPand BENJAMIN (1968) remarked that "chance does dominate the game". HILL (1974) was un- convinced by this and showed that football experts were able, before the season started, to predict with some success the final league table positions. Therefore, certainly over a whole season, skill rather than chance dominates the game. This would probably be agreed by most people who watch the game of football; that whilst in a single match, chance plays a considerable role (missed scoring opportunities, dubious offside deci- sions and shots hitting the crossbar can obviously drastically affect the result), over several matches luck plays much less ofa part. Teams are not identical; each one has its own inherent quality, and, surely then we should expect that when a good team is play- ing a weak team, the good team will have a high probability of winning and scoring several goals. By using data from the whole or just a part of the season, these inherent qualities of the teams in a league can be inferred by, for example, maximum likelihood estimation (as in THOMPSON (1975)) or by linear model methodology (as in HARVILLE and (1977) and LEEFLANG VANPRAAG (1971)). 2 The Model There are good reasons for thinking that the number of goals scored by a team in a match is likely to be a Poisson variable: possession is an important aspect of football, * Department of Probability and Statistics, Sheffield University, Sheffield S3 7RH, England. Statistica Neerlandica 36 (1982), nr. 3. 109 and each time a team has the ball it has the opportunity to attack and score. The proba- bility p that an attack will result in a goal is, of course, small, but the number of times a team has possession during a match is very large. If p is constant and attacks are inde- pendent, the number of goals will be Binomial and in these circumstances the Poisson approximation will apply very well. The mean of this Poisson will vary according to the quality of the team and so if one were to consider the distribution ofgoals scored by all teams, one would have a Poisson distribution with variable mean, and hence something like the Negative Binomial observed by MORONEY (1951) and REEP, POLLARD and BENJAMIN (1971) could arise. Therefore, in this paper, at least for the present, an independent Poisson model for scores will be adopted. In particular, if team iis playing at home against team jand the observed score is (xu,yu),we shall assume that X,, Poisson with mean a,Jj, that Y,, is is also Poisson with mean y, d,, and that Xuand Yuare independent. Then we can think of a, as representing the strength of team i's attack when playing at home& the weakness of teamj's defence when playing away, y, the weakness of team i ' s defence at home and d, the strength of teamj's attack away. In a league with 22 teams there are 88 such param- eters (and 924 observations on the scores); however ifall the a's are multiplied by a fac- tor kand all theg's divided by k, all the a,& products are unaffected and, therefore, in order to produce a unique set of parameters the constraint may be imposed. In the same way the constraint Cyi=cdi i I may be imposed and so only 86 independent parameters need to be specified. Since the X - and are assumed to be independent of each other (representing separate "games" at the two ends of the pitch), the estimation of the _a a n d 4 will be entirely from the gand the estimation of the y and _S by means of the y alone. For the home teams' scores, therefore, the log likelihood function is: i j+i Therefore, a log L -=aai c (-A+;) j+i xii and so the maximum likelihood estimates i,isatisfy: 110 An iterative technique, such as NEWTON-RAPHSON, these MLEs to be deter- enables mined. One simpler scheme which works well is to be use the 6's to estimate thej's and then to use the g's to estimate the 63, and so on alternately. Good initial estimates can be gained by regarding the denominator terms in the expressions above as summations over all teams: that is, Ci= 1 xu/,& and j j = 1 xu/&, where &=I 1 xu. j+ i i+. j i j=ei In a similar way, using the yo, and 3 may be found. 3 Results Data were obtained, in a convenient matrix form, from the Rothmans Football Year- book (1973, 1974, 1975). This gave 12 separate leagues (the four English Football League Divisions for each of three seasons) for analysis. The MLEs of the four types of parameterg,J,e,andJare shown in Table 1forjust one data set: Division 1in the season - 197 1 1972. Table 1. Maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters for Division 1 1971-1972. home away home away attack defence defence attack a B Y 6 Arsenal 1.36 1.03 0.64 1.06 Chelsea 1.55 1.18 0.97 0.83 Coventry City 1.05 1.66 1.12 0.84 Crystal Palace 0.99 1.28 1.49 0.65 Derby County 1.62 0.89 0.50 1.24 Everton 1.06 1.17 0.81 0.44 Huddersfield Town 0.46 1.37 1.06 0.74 lpswich Town 0.72 1.27 0.93 0.98 Leeds United 2.02 0.82 0.49 0.91 Leicester City 0.69 1.31 0.54 1.10 Liverpool 1.78 0.54 0.78 0.78 Manchester City 1.82 1.17 0.75 1.40 Manchester United 1.49 1.35 1.31 1.49 Newcastle United 1.14 1.29 0.88 0.93 Nottingham Forest 0.98 1.96 1.43 1.10 Sheffield United 1.49 1.31 1.28 1.09 Southampton 1.21 1.98 1.38 1.05 Stoke City 0.99 1.17 1.20 0.64 Tottenham Hotspur 1.71 1.12 0.63 0.87 West Bromwich Albion 0.84 1.16 1.13 0.99 West Ham United 1.18 1.22 0.92 0.78 Wolverhampton Wanderers 1.34 1.30 1.15 1.48 The question arises of whether all these parameters are necessary for an adequate des- cription of the scores. Intuitively it seems that there must be real differences between teams, but are these differences more apparent in the attacks or defences, and is it really necessary to have separate parameters for the quality of a team's attack at home and 111 away? Consideration of such questions leads to a possible hierarchy of models which could be tested. At the bottom is model 0 in which aj= a,Ji =J,yi = yand 6,= 6Vi; that is, all teams are identical in all respects. At the top is model 4, previously described, in which all four types of parameter are allowed to take different values for the different teams. The hierarchy is shown in Table 2. In this the notation is designed to show whether a set of parameters (such at theJ) are free to take different values for the dif- ferent teams (shown asg,) or whether the same value applies to all teams (shown asJ). Table 2. Hierarchy of models, with changes in the value of twice the maxirnised log likelihood shown for Division I 1971-1972 ~ ~ ~~ Model 4 Models 3C, 3D Model 2 Models lA, 1B Model 0 In model 0 there are four parameters but in order to have a unique set ofparameter esti- mates, the constraints a =J and y = 6 are imposed (or, equivalently, a =J,y = kJ and 6 = ka), giving just two independent parameters. Details of the constraints imposed in the other models are as follows: Model I A 6, = a,,B, =J,y , = y V i ; Za,= a,. Therefore, there are n + 1 independent parameters (where n is the number of teams in the league). Model I B yI =8,, = a, 8,=J V i ; Za, Z l . Again, there are ( n+ 1) independent a, = J parameters. Model 2 = .. 6, = ka,, y , = kJ1V i ; Za, Z ,There are 2n independent parameters. Model 3C S,= a, V i ; Za, = ZJ,. 3n - 1 independent parameters. Model 30 y, =J,V I ; Zal = Z , . Again, 3n - 1 independent parameters. J Model 4 Za, = al and ZyI = 2 3 , . Therefore, there are 4n - 2 independent param- eters. It can be seen, therefore, that moving up one level in the hierarchy of models leads to the introduction of (n - 1) further parameters. Under the null hypothesis that these extra parameters are unnecessary, 2 logel will be asymptotically Xj- I distribution by the usual likelihood ratio test, where logelisthe increase in the log likelihood in moving from one model to the other. 112 Statistica Neerlandica 36 (1982), nr. 3. For Division 1 in the season 1971-1972 the changes in the value ofthe maximised log likelihood when moving from one model to another are shown in Table 2 (n=22; X.;5(21) = 32.7 and X.$(21) = 38.9). This table shows that when inequality of the ai is allowed (moving from model 0 to model 1A or moving from model 1B to model 2), a highly significant increase in the log likelihood results. Similarly, when inequality of theJi is allowed (model 0 to lB, or 1A to 2), again the log likelihood increases very significantly. When the di are freed from being proportional to the ai (model 2 to 3D or 3C to 4), a marginally significant increase in the log likelihood is obtained. However, when the yiare freed from their linking with the&, no significant increase results. It should be noticed that the order in which the freeing of these parameters occurred had virtually no effect on the increase in the log likelihood due to each one; this was true for all the twelve data sets. Therefore, it is pos- sible to associate an increase in the log likelihood with each of the four types of param- eters, and, in parallel with the ideas of linear models in which factors are introduced into the model one at a time, the "inclusion of I",for example, means the freeing of the yi from their linking with thepi. Table 3 shows the increases in log likelihood due to the inclusion of each of the four types of parameter, for each of the twelve data sets. There are 22 teams in divisions 1 and 2 and 24 teams in divisions 3 and 4. The numbers of degrees of freedom, therefore, in the asymptotic X 2 distribution for 2 logelare 21 and 23 respectively. Overall, then, it can be seen that the parameters gandlshould certainly be included in the model but the parameters yand _S need not be included. (Not only can the null hypo- theses not be rejected in these latter cases, but they appear perfectly consistent with the data.) This means that a single parameter ai can be used to describe the quality of team i ' s attack, and the parameter& to describe the weakness of the team's defence, whether the team is playing at home or away. So although home ground advantage is a highly sig- nificant factor, it applies with equal effect to all teams, and each team's inherent scoring power is diminished by a constant factor when playing away. Table 3. Increase in log likelihood due to inclusion of each of the four types ofparameter in the model season division a - B Y - 6 1971-1972 1 37.7** 35.7** 8.6 17.7* 2 23.4** 32.4** 8.7 6.1 3 40.6** 28.1** 11.5 19.7* 4 29.4** 34.2** 12.5 11.0 1972-1973 1 24.8** 7.1 8.8 8.2 2 23.2** 17.9* 3.9 13.2 3 27.8** 18.4* 12.3 12.1 4 26.3** 30.2** 8.9 15.0 1973- 1974 1 12.5 19.5** 14.8 10.6 2 19.8** 20.1** 15.1 10.2 3 23.4** 39.9** 13.5 14.9 4 3 1 .O** 28.4** 8.5 13.0 * indicates a significant increase at the 5% level ** indicates a significant increase at the 1% level Statistica Neerlandica 36 (1982), nr. 3. 113 In the light of the results above, then, Model 2 was adopted as being the most appro- priate, and further analyses were made of its adequacy as a description of the mech- anism underlying football scores. 4 Goodness-of-fit-tests For a match between team iand team jthe MLEs from model 2 may be used to estimate ,the means of Xu and Yti.Since X, and Yuare assumed to be Poisson and inde- f l u and A, pendent, the probabilities that Xu= xand Y, =ymay be easily calculated. By repeating this for all pairs of i andj, the expected score distributions may be found and compared with the observed score distributions. For Division 1 in the season 1971-1972, for example, these observed and expected frequencies are shown in Table 4. Table 4. Observed and expected frequencies of home and away scores for Division 1 1971-1972 home away no. of goals obs. exp. obs. exp. 0 117 111.2 184 189.3 1 127 144.6 157 159.5 2 115 106.1 88 15.9 3 66 58.0 30 26.9 234 31 42.1 3 10.5 X 2 = 4.90 x2 = 7.79 For the fitted model 2 the MLEs of the parameters are: J*i i*j ai= Vi, j (1 1 Zjj jJ=+ i2) i?i + i2) (1 and - k2=- z:L rj*i Yu c c xu ij*i It follows from this that and that which means that the sum of the means of the fitted Poisson distributions is equal to the observed numbers of goals scored. The estimation of the parameters gives rise, there- fore, to one linear constraint on the expected frequencies in each of the two X 2 good- 114 Statistica Neerlandica 36 (1982), nr. 3. ness-of-fit tests in Table 4. The resulting statistics will be approximately X i distributed under the hypotheses that home and away teams' scores are Poisson distributed. This was repeated for each of the other eleven data sets, and the resulting X 2 statistics are list- ed in Table 5. Table 5. Values of the X 2 statistic for home and away teams' scores for the independent Poisson model x 2 values season division homes aways 1971-1972 4.90 7.79 5.71 1.08 10.05* 8.96* 4.62 1.07 1972-1973 6.08 13.4 1** 3.44 9.77* 4.94 4.31 0.78 3.22 1973-1974 1 7.91* 1.33 2 1.97 1.12 3 0.89 5.28 4 3.61 1.92 5% level 7.81 critical values 1% level 11.3 * indicates a significant value at the 5% level ** indicates a significant value at the 1% level The case where the model would be rejected are shown by an asterisk. For the home teams' scores there are two such cases and for the away teams' scores there are three. Overall, then, the Poisson model may be regarded as acceptable, although with some slight doubt. If the observed and expected frequencies are compared for each of the twelve data sets, some small but systematic differences can be seen. The overall observed and expected proportions are: HOME SCORES no. of goals 0 1 2 3 24 observed 0.217 0.321 0.254 0.130 0.078 expected 0.230 0.318 0.238 0.128 0.086 AWAY SCORES no. of goals 0 1 2 3 24 observed 0.388 0.371 0.177 0.051 0.014 expected 0.406 0.352 0.166 0.056 0.020 The model underestimates the number of occasions on which one and two goals are scored, and overestimates the number oftimes that 0 or 4 goals are scored. This effect Statistica Neerlandica 36 (1982), nr. 3. 115 can be seen in each of the twelve data sets. The differences are small and over just one season do not seriously inflate the X value, but if the observed and expected frequen- cies for all twelve seasons are added the values of the X z statistics (16.2 and 28.8 for home and away scores respectively) would lead to clear rejection of the model. The dis- tribution of the number of goals scored by a team in a match is very close to a Poisson distribution, then, but is slightly "narrower". This might seem to conflict with MORO- NEY'S (1951) and REEP and BENJAMIN'S (1968) conclusion which was that a distribution which was wider (in terms of the variance to mean ratio) than the Poisson was required; the Negative Binomial was their fitted distribution. However, in both these other works a single distribution was fitted to scores from all matches, whereas here each match has a different fitted Poisson distribution. 5 A bivariate Poisson model There is no shortage of possible explanations, of course, for the small discrepancy be- tween the independent Poisson model and the data; in fact it is perhaps fairer to say that it is surprising that such a simple model comes so close to explaining the data so fully! A match does not consist of two independent games at opposite ends of the pitch; to the teams concerned, the result is all important, and so, for example, ifa team is losing with ten minutes left to play, it must take more defensive risks in order to try to score. There- fore, an examination of the distribution of the difference between the teams' scores, 2"= Xu- Yomight be revealing. Table 6 shows the observed and estimated frequencies for Z under model 2 for Division 1 in 1971-1972. Table 6. Observed and estimated frequencies for Z, the difference in the teams' scores, for Division 1 in 1971-1972, for (i) the independent Poisson model and (ii) the bivariate Poisson with e = 0.2 Z (-3 -2 -1 0 +I +2 +3 +4 )5 observed 8 26 72 129 105 69 31 16 6 estimated (e=O) 14.4 30.3 69.8 113.0 104.9 68.7 35.8 15.8 9.3 estimated (e=0.2) 9.9 25.3 68.0 126.2 111.7 67.7 32.6 13.4 7.1 In this it can be seen that the number of drawn matches (Z= 0) is a little underestimat- ed. This is a systematic feature noted in all twelve data sets. The X 2 goodness-of-fit statistics are shown in Table 7; four of the twelve are significant at the 5% level, whilst several others approach this. Only one of the twelve has a value of the X 2 statistic which is less than the expected value of 7. (The number of degrees of freedom is reduced to 7 because of the linear constraint on the expected frequencies resulting from the estima- tion of the a's andJ's.) This suggests that there may be some correlation between the X,, and Yu. bivariate Poisson model was tried; in this the marginal distributions are still A Poisson with means f l u ( = aiJj)and ,lo(= there is a correlation of e be- k2ajJi)but tween the scores. One way of thinking of such a bivariate Poisson distribution is that X = Uti+ W, and Yti= Vo+ Wuwhere U,, Vu and W" are independent Poisson with u 116 Statistica Neerlandica 36 (1982), nr. 3. means of b - qu), ( A , - qu) and qii respectively, with qu (= u ~,/m being the co- variance between x, and Yu. A range of values of p was tried and the most appropriate seemed to be around 0.2. In computing the expected frequencies for Z, the values of the C ' s , j 9 s and used were those found from the fitting of the independent Poisson model. The terms in the Pois- son bivariate probability function can be calculated by the following recursive relation- ship: m = e x p (-p-A-q) .Pxy=b- 'I)Px-I."+'lPx-Iy-l Y P Y = (A- d P X Y - I + VPx- 1 y - 1 X Table 7. Values of the X 2 goodness-of-lit statistic for Z, th8 difference between the teams' scores, for (i) the independent model and (ii) the bivariate Poisson model with e = 0 . 2 ~ ~ x2 values season division independent model bivariate model 197 1-1972 1 9.67 1.86 2 16.42* 6.50 3 10.87 3.94 4 12.99 5.75 1972-1973 1 15.51* 4.77 2 13.70 11.98 3 4.79 2.50 4 15.30* 8.27 1973-1974 1 16.47* 9.08 2 9.76 12.29 3 13.53 8.00 4 10.36 5.40 5% level 14.1 12.6 critical values 1 % level 18.5 16.8 The results of fitting this bivariate Poisson model are shown in Tables 6 and 7, where it can be seen that the introduction of the extra parameter Q has led to a considerable improvement in the fit. The X 2 statistics in Table 7 are not only non-significant but are fairly representative values from a Xi distribution. (It has been assumed that the fitting of the extra parameter e will be roughly equivalent to the imposition of another linear constraint on the expected frequencies, although in fact the same value of e has been applied to all the twelve data sets). A bivariate Poisson model with correlation ofabout 0.2, therefore, would seem to give a very adequate fit to the differences in scores. 6 Summary Previous work on the distribution of scores in football matches has rejected the Poisson model in favour of the Negative Binomial. This work, however, has not allowed for the different qualities of the teams in a league. The first model investigated here assumes that the home team's and aways team's scores in any one match are independent Pois- Statistica Neerlandica 36 (1982), nr. 3. 117 son variables with means a,Jjand yiSj, where the parameters 44, and _S represent the y qualities of the teams attacks and defences, in home and away matches. Maximum likelihood estimation of these parameter shows that only the _a and4 are needed, show- ing that the relative strength of teams' attacks is the same whether playing at home or away; the same applies to the defences. When this model is aplied to each of the twelve data sets and observed and expected score distributions are compared by means of a X 2 test, nineteen out of the twenty-four cases give a non-significant result at the 5% level. Overall, then, the independent Pois- son model gives a reasonably good fit to the data. The deviations from this model are small but consistent in each of the data sets, there being slightly fewer occasions ob- served than expected on which no goals or a large number of goals are scored. When the differences in scores are investigated however, the lack of fit of the model is rather more serious and suggests that the independence assumption is not totally valid. A bivariate Poisson model was then used to model this dependence between scores and this improved the fit considerably for the differences in scores. The correlation coefficient between home teams' and away teams' scores is estimated to be approximately 0.2. Acknowledgement The author would like to thank an anonymous referee for his very helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. References HARVILLE, D. (1977), The use of linear-model methodology to rate high school or college football teams, J. Amer. Statist. Ass. 72, No. 3S8, pp. 278-289. HILL, D. (1974), Association football and statistical inference, Appl. Statist. 23, No. 2, pp. 203- I. 208. P. S. LEEFLANG, H. and B. M. S. V A N PRAAG (1971), A procedure to estimate relative powers in binary contacts and an application to Dutch football league results, Statist. Neerlandica 25, No. 1, pp. 63-84. M MORONEY, . (1951), Factsfrom figures, London, Pelican. REEP, and B. BENJAMIN C. (1968), Skill and chance in association football, J. R. Statist. SOC. 131, A, pp. 581-585. REEP, . , R. POLLARD B. BENJAMIN C and (1971), Skill and chance in ball games, J. R. Statist. SOC. A, 134, pp. 623-629. THOMPSON, M. (1975), On any given Sunday: fair competitor orderings with maximum likelihood methods, J. Amer. Statist. Ass. 70, No. 351, pp. 536-541. Received October 1981, Revised December 1981. 118 Statistica Neerlandica 36 (1982), nr. 3.
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I have a date on Saturday. The guy's cute and nice and whatever I guess, but I am so afraid. He's pretty muscular because of basic training and I don't know why but when guys are notably stronger than... [more]
Smile "Smile. Because I told you to." The words slice through me, shocking and cruel. Kicking a dog while she's down. The phrase has been spit at me twice in my life now, each time leaving a sour taste in … [more]
I'm sick of my parents and their too extreme punishments. A little while ago my mom made a new rule: if they found a dirty dish in a cabinet my brother and I would have to pull out every single dish a… [more]
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I never even liked you...I realized something the other day when I was thinking over my last relationship. See, I thought there was something odd about it, because everytime we kissed or held hands I felt--nothing. At all. Except maybe bored, or confused about it and thinking there was something wrong with me. It felt exactly like kissing someone sounds like it would feel, just contact, skin on skin, but nothing world-shattering or special at all. It was like holding hands with my brother or something. The I realized, I don't just not love this guy--I don't even LIKE him! Even as a friend! I don't know what the hell I was thinking cause he was completely arrogand and filled undeserved superiority but I had dated him… [more]


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Propane is used to fuel internal combustion engines in the form of propane autogas. Propane autogas is a very practical solution for reducing vehicle emissions, as well as for reducing the United States' dependence on foreign oil. LPG-fueled vehicles produce fewer toxic emissions and smog-forming air pollutants. Autogas is widely used as a "green" fuel because of these decreases in exhaust emissions. Tests conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency show that propane-fueled vehicles produce 30% to 90% less carbon monoxide and approx 50% fewer toxins and other smog-producing emissions than gasoline engines.
The Report of Alternative Fuels Group of the Cleaner Vehicles Task Force measured the emissions reduction of propane-powered vehicles in the following table, showing percentage emissions reduction in Light-Duty (LDV) and Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDV):
Emissions of Manufactured Propane Vehicles
A special "thank you" to the Propane Education and Resource Council for helping us fund the Liberator 6.0L Propane Autogas Engine project.
Liberator Engine Company, LLC
510 LA White Drive, Bldg 12
Fletcher, NC 28732 USA
Toll Free: 855 LIBER8R
855 542 3787
Local: 828 458 1573


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John Page Classic, a new guitar brand, announces the Ashburn, its initial production model.
GW's Andy Aledort shows you how to solo like Tony Iommi, Angus Young and Jimmy Page.
Slayer have issued an open letter addressed to "Slayer fans around the world," updating fans on the state of guitarist Jeff Hanneman as well the band's plans for the rest of the year.
This past Friday night, Jack White played New York City's Webster Hall as part of the Amex UNSTAGED series. On top of being a sold-out show, the concert was broadcast live via YouTube.
The Beach Boys kicked off what's shaping up to be a big year back in February, performing at the 54th annual Grammy Awards.
Next month, Neil Young and Crazy Horse will release their new album, Americana, via Reprise records. The album contains interpretations of American standards like "Clementine
," "Gallows Pole" and yes, even "She'll Be Comin' 'Round the Mountain."
Progressive atmospheric death metallers 7 Horns 7 Eyes and progressive groove metallers Stealing Axion have announced a co-headlining run, aptly named The Dual Destruction Tour. Sponsored by Guitar World, this epic progressive tour will be hitting the West Coast during May and June, so be sure to attend! All tour dates for this trek are below.
Deep Purple guitarist Steve Morse recently told Glide magazine that Bob Ezrin will produce the next Deep Purple album -- which the band is ready to start recording soon.
Tennessee-based death metal outfit Whitechapel have just released a new single online. You can stream "Hate Creation" via the YouTube video below.
Tonight, April 30, Doug Aldrich of Whitesnake will perform a tribute to Ronnie Montrose at Iridium Jazz Club in New York City. You can check out the live webcast by following this link. Shows are at 8 and 10 p.m. EST.
The long-rumored cruise edition of the Rockstar Energy Drink Mayhem Festival has now officially been announced, adding another metal cruise to the itinerary for 2012 and making this quite possibly the loudest year the Carribean has seen since "pirate" was a real occupation.
This past Friday, the remaining members of Montrose — along with some very special guests — took the stage at The Regency Ballroom in San Francisco, California to pay tribute to and celebrate the life of the late guitarist Ronnie Montrose, who committed suicide last month at the age of 64.
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Home News
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Total AG Ratings: 109
aww this one is so cute
Really PayDay123?! Spoiler alert!!!!!
really payday123!!!! spoiler alert!!?!
really payday??!? spoiler alert!!!!
don't read payday123's post it's a spoiler alert!!!!!!!
I am stuck on a level. Instead of giving up, I have this game on in the background because I love the music.
love it hate it
how do you beat figure 17
gd game,,,bt hard
lol those endings though


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Town-Gown Integration: 6 E. High Street formally opens! | More
Rowan University co-sponsors Philadelphia Science Festival, hosts Explorer Sunday | More
Of "Ellen" and Emmys: RTF grads go Hollywood | More
CMSRU researcher receives NIH Grant to study impact of carbon dioxide following cardiac arrest | More
Lehrman named dean of Rowan's Rohrer College of Business | More
To download past issues of CHSS newsletters, please visit our publications section.
Certificate of Graduate Study
The History Department at Rowan University is excited to announce the establishment of two new graduate programs: the Certificate of Graduate Study (COGS) in History and the COGS in World History. These programs offer elementary and secondary school teachers an opportunity to study history on a graduate level for tenure, recertification, promotion, and personal or professional development. Students interested in earning one of these COGS will take 15 graduate level history credits (5 courses); to earn a COGS in World History, students must take 12 graduate credits on areas of the world outside of the United States. Students who are enrolled in the College of Education's Master's of Education (M.Ed) in Standards-based Practice may also pursue a COGS as part of their M.Ed.
Beginning this summer, the History Department will offer graduate courses in American, Latin American, European, Russia, Asian, African, and/or Middle Eastern history; all courses will familiarize students with relevant primary and scholarly sources as well as up to date historical interpretations and methodologies in the field. Courses will be offered in the evenings during the summer and academic year. This summer, for example, the department will offer two graduate courses. Colloquium in American History: US Historiography, offered by Dr. William Carrigan on Mondays and Thursdays, 5:00-7:30 during the June 5-July 26 summer session, will focus on studying classics in American history. Colloquium in Global History: Race and Identity in Asia, offered by Dr. Edward Wang on Tuesdays and Thursdays, 3:00-6:45 during the July 9-Aug 2 summer session, will use literary and historical texts to examine how these issues impacted the rise of modern Japan and China. In addition, the department will offer at least one graduate course in the evening during the fall and spring semesters.
If you are interested in applying for a History COGS, go to the webpage of the College of Graduate & Continuing Education. The application process for both the COGS in History (G120) and COGS in World History (G121) includes a one page Statement of Objectives, transcripts, and two recommendations; GREs are NOT required. We strongly recommend that students interested in beginning the program in summer 2007 apply by April 1; students may take up to 9 credits on a pre-matriculated basis. For more information about the COGS programs, contact Dr. Scott Morschauser, firstname.lastname@example.com, or (856)256-4500, x 3993.


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Children's Law Center, Arizona Reviews
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April 21, 2011
I worked with one of the Children's Law Center's sister programs, the HIV/AIDS Law Project. Every time we had a client with children that needed help, the Coordinator and volunteers for the Children's Law Center came to the rescue. Given the dynamics of dealing with children in need combined with HIV-positive parents in need can be very challenging. Not once was a client turned away. Not once was an issue too big or too complicated that it could not be addressed. Without hesitation, I would refer a friend in need of assistance to the Children's Law Center.
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Neff Space Man Sno-Poncho 5K Jacket
Item # 228979
50% Off Last Marked Price
Stash Points: 9,495
What is this?This is the number of points you get in The Zumiez Stash for purchasing this item. Stash points are redeemable for exclusive rewards only available to Zumiez Stash members. To redeem your points check out the rewards catalog on thestash.zumiez.com.
Get a stand out look on the mountain in a 5,000mm waterproof technical riding poncho with stretchy wrist gaiters and waterproof zippers with a stylish space man print.
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