text:
Wasting the Future
Wasting the fact sheet 08 Future Author: David Sweeney energyscience.org.au Radioactive waste presents long-term public health and environmental risks, and some forms also represent a proliferation risk because they contain fissile material such as plutonium. There is not a single permanent repository for high-level nuclear waste anywhere on Earth, and the most advanced project, Yucca Mountain in the USA, has been a $10 billion fiasco that is 19 years behind schedule. • All nuclear activities generate radioactive waste. • Radioactive waste poses unique difficulties because of the extensive time it remains a hazardous. • No nation on Earth has a permanent disposal facility for high-level nuclear waste. November 2006 Radioactive wastes can be solid, liquid or gaseous and pose unique and fundamental management challenges and human and environmental risks. These wastes are produced at every stage of the nuclear fuel cycle, from uranium mining and enrichment to reactor operation and the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Much of this material remains hazardous for many thousands of years. The nuclear industry began before there were clear plans on how to best handle these long-lived wastes and six decades later not much has changed. There are no permanent disposal facilities for high-level radioactive waste anywhere around the globe, waste stockpiles continue to grow and there is no proven and assured way to isolate radioactive waste from people and the environment for the time needed. Uranium mining waste The discharge of radioactive waste into the environment begins with uranium mining. Mining operations produce huge volumes of lower level radioactive wastes (tailings) that are left behind at abandoned mining sites. After mining ceases uranium tailings retain about 80 per cent of the radioactivity of the original ore body and contain over a dozen radioactive materials that pose a significant health hazard including thorium-230, radium-226 and radon gas. These materials can emit radioactivity to the environment for tens of thousands of years. Before mining these radioactive elements are generally locked in an impervious rock cocoon so little radioactivity reaches the wider environment. After mining radioactive elements can escape into waterways and the atmosphere. Tailings are finely ground and the radon escapes many thousands of times faster than it otherwise would from the ore body. Wind and water provide a variety of pathways for the spread of this waste. Tailings dams have a poor track record and waterways have been polluted by radium after a sudden collapse or by constant erosion. Radon gas and radioactive dust are also mobilized and carried in wind. Since many radioactive decay products persist for over 100,000 years the hazard and the threats will be effectively endless and a short term mining operation creates a long term human and environmental hazard. Depleted uranium Depleted uranium (DU) is a radioactive by-product of the uranium enrichment process. It gets its name from the fact that much of the uranium-235 has been extracted from it. Despite this it remains toxic and around 60% as radioactive as naturally occurring uranium. For every gram of enriched uranium that is used in nuclear reactors or weapons around 7 grams of depleted uranium are produced. DU has military uses and has been used in munitions used by US and NATO in Iraq, the Balkans and Afghanistan. Because DU is rich in uranium-238 it is ideal for producing fissile plutonium-239 for use in nuclear weapons. This can be done by inserting a 'blanket' or target into a reactor. One of South Korea's nuclear weapons research experiments involved irradiating DU and separating the plutonium. There are also civil uses of DU – it can be re-enriched for use in reactors and used as a radiation shield or as ballast. Most DU is stored and the current global stockpile of 'civil' DU is 1.3-1.5 million tonnes. (For more information on DU and enrichment plants see Makhijani and Smith.) Routine emissions to air and water Routine emissions of radionuclides to air and water from any particular nuclear plant over a short period of time are almost negligible, but the cumulative impact of many facilities operating for many years is significant. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation has estimated the collective effective dose to the world population over a 50-year period of operation of nuclear power reactors and associated nuclear facilities to be two million person-Sieverts.2 If we apply the standard risk estimate (0.04 cancer deaths / Sievert) we get an estimated toll of 80,000 cancer deaths. If we allow for a margin of error of a factor of two in either direction November 2006 2 - as recommended by the UN Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation - the estimated death toll is 40,000 to 160,000.3 Most of these routine emissions arise not from reactors but from reprocessing plants. High-level nuclear waste Unwanted radioactive materials created by the nuclear industry are classified into several categories for regulatory purposes. These classifications relate to the concentration of radioactivity, not necessarily by the potential hazard to humans and other life forms, e.g. the plutonium in low-level reactor waste is stored under much less strict control than the same type of plutonium in high-level waste. Low level waste: includes contaminated paper, rags, tools, clothing and filters. Some low level waste is created by hospitals, industry and research units, but most comes from nuclear reactors. This waste is hazardous for up to 30 years and requires confinement and isolation for up to 300 years. Intermediate level waste: requires shielding when handled and is typically comprised of resins, chemical sludges and metal fuel cladding as well as contaminated materials from decommissioned nuclear reactors. High-level waste: arises from the use of uranium fuel in a nuclear reactor. The high-level waste accounts for over 95% of the total radioactivity produced in the process of nuclear electricity generation. The other 5% is made up of the larger volumes of low and intermediate level waste. High level waste includes spent nuclear fuel and material from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. These wastes contain elements that decay slowly and remain intensely radioactive for many hundreds or thousands of years. A typical power reactor (1000 MWe, light water type) produces 25-30 tonnes of spent nuclear fuel annually. Nuclear power reactors produce about 12,000-14,000 tonnes of spent fuel around the world each year. Over 250,000 tonnes of spent fuel have been produced in power reactors around the world, about one third of which has been reprocessed. Technologies exist to encapsulate or immobilise radionuclides to a greater or lesser degree, but encapsulated nuclear waste still represents a potential public health and environmental threat for millennia. Synroc – the ceramic immobilisation technology developed in Australia – seems destined to be a permanently 'promising' technology. As nuclear advocate Leslie Kemeny notes, Synroc "showed great early promise but so far its international marketing and commercialisation agendas have failed".4 A range of alternative technologies (e.g. transmutation or changing the nuclear structure of elements) or options (e.g. sea-bed or space disposal) have been discussed for decades. However, all are seen to be non-starters for economic, technological or political reasons. Given this the nuclear industry has a general 'international consensus' towards placing high-level waste in deep underground repositories. Despite this industry bias not a single repository exists anywhere in the world for the disposal of high-level waste from nuclear power reactors and only a few countries have identified a repository site. Plans are being advanced in several countries to build deep underground repositories for high-level waste, but these plans face significant obstacles including lack of public acceptance, cost, lack of expertise and the lack of suitable sites. The US, Sweden and Finland are said to be the most advanced countries in relation to high-level waste disposal. The US Yucca Mountain project is the most advanced but it continues to encounter cost and timeline blowouts, significant community and political obstacles and unresolved technical issues. Sweden has yet to decide on a location for a permanent repository. Finland will shortly begin studies on a site which may or may not prove to be suitable for a permanent repository. Yucca Mountain The US government has been working on a project to build a deep underground repository at Yucca Mountain in November 2006 3 Nevada since 1987. The intention was to have the repository accepting waste by 1998, but the current earliest date for the repository to be operational is 2017 - a slippage of 19 years. The Yucca Mountain project has so far cost around US$8-10 billion. In March 2005 a scandal emerged involving the falsification of safety data between 1998 and 2000 in relation to groundwater modeling. Evidence of the falsification of data was found in emails and the US Department of Energy is now trawling through 14 million emails to see if it can uncover further problems. Studies found that Yucca Mountain could not meet the existing radiation protection standards in the long term and subsequent moves by the US Environmental Protection Agency to weaken radiation protection standards have been rejected by a US federal court. More information on Yucca Mountain: • US Government Accountability Office, "Yucca Mountain: Quality Assurance Needs Increased Management Attention", March 2006, <http://www.gao.gov/htext/d06313.html> • US government Department of Energy: Yucca Mountain project: <www.ymp.gov> • State of Nevada: <www.state.nv.us/nucwaste> Finland In Finland spent fuel is stored at reactor sites. Work is proceeding on what is described as a an "underground research facility" at Olkiluoto and it is hoped that this site will prove suitable for a permanent repository. The actual rock characterisation research is scheduled to take place from 2007-2011. If the site is found to be suitable a separate licensing process would be required before the repository could be built. The cost of the final repository is estimated at three billion Euros. Finland has four operating power reactors and one under construction – as such it has far less spent fuel to deal with than countries operating a much greater number of reactors such as the US, the UK, Japan, France, Russia, and South Korea. More information: <www.posiva.fi/englanti> Sweden An interim repository for spent fuel has been operating since 1985 at Oskarshamn. Its 5,000 tonne capacity is being expanded to 8,000 tonnes to cater for all the spent fuel from current reactors. Two municipalities are now being considered as locations for a permanent deep geological repository for spent fuel. More information: <www.uic.com.au/nip39.htm> Reprocessing Reprocessing involves dissolving spent nuclear fuel in acid and separating the unused uranium (about 96% of the mass), plutonium (1%) and high-level wastes (3%). Most commercial reprocessing takes place in the UK and France. There are smaller plants in India, Russia and Japan. Japan plans to begin large-scale reprocessing at the Rokkasho plant in 2007. Over 80,000 tonnes of spent fuel from commercial power reactors has been reprocessed – about one third of all the spent fuel generated in power reactors. Proponents of reprocessing give the following justifications for this controversial and contaminating activity. • Reducing the volume and facilitating the management of high-level radioactive waste. However reprocessing does nothing to reduce radioactivity or toxicity, and the overall waste volume, including low- and intermediate-level waste, is increased by reprocessing. • 'Recycling' uranium to reduce reliance on natural reserves. Only an improbably large expansion of nuclear power would result in any problems with uranium supply this century. Much of the uranium separated from spent fuel at reprocessing plants is not reused, but is stockpiled. Uranium from reprocessing accounts for only 1% of global uranium usage. • Separating plutonium for use as nuclear fuel. Plutonium 'breeder' reactors have proven to pose significant nuclear proliferation risks. The stockpile of separated plutonium amounts to 270 tonnes and is continuing to grow. November 2006 4 • Fissioning plutonium in the process of using it as nuclear fuel, so it is no longer available for use in nuclear weapons. Unfortunately, reactors can be used to 'breed' plutonium as well as to 'burn' it. The main reason reprocessing proceeds is that reprocessing plants act as long-term de facto storage facilities for spent nuclear fuel. Unfortunately this sets up a series of events which has been likened to the old woman who swallowed a fly – every solution is worse than the problem it was supposed to solve: 1. The perceived need to do something about growing spent fuel stockpiles at reactor sites (not least to maintain or obtain reactor operating licences) coupled with the lack of repositories for permanent disposal, encourages nuclear utilities to send spent fuel to commercial reprocessing plants, which act as long-term, de facto storage sites. 2. Eventually the spent fuel must be reprocessed, which brings with it serious proliferation, public health and environmental risks. 3. Reprocessing has led to a large and growing stockpile of separated plutonium, which is an unacceptable proliferation risk. 4. Reprocessing creates the 'need' to develop mixed uranium-plutonium fuel (MOX) or fast neutron reactors to make use of the plutonium separated by reprocessing. 5. And all of the above necessitates a global pattern of transportation of spent fuel, high-level waste, separated plutonium and MOX, with the attendant risks of accidents, terrorist strikes and theft leading to the production of nuclear weapons. Despite claims by the nuclear industry none of this is justifiable on non-proliferation, environmental, public health or economic grounds. Reprocessing plants are designated as 'sensitive' nuclear facilities because they are used to separate plutonium. The production of vast amounts of plutonium in power reactors – over 1,600 tonnes to date, enough for about 160,000 weapons – is problem enough, but the problem is greatly exacerbated by the separation of plutonium in reprocessing plants. Whereas separation of plutonium from spent fuel requires a reprocessing capability and is potentially hazardous because of the radioactivity of spent fuel, the use of separated plutonium for weapons production is far less complicated. Civil reprocessing releases significant quantities of radioactive wastes into the sea and gaseous discharges into the air. Cogema's reprocessing plant at La Hague in France and the reprocessing plant at Sellafield in the UK, are the largest source of radioactive pollution in the European environment. The radioactive contamination from these facilities can be traced through the Irish Sea, the North Sea, along the Norwegian coast into the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans and gives rise to elevated contamination levels in biota. Steve Kidd from the World Nuclear Association states: "It is true that the current Purex reprocessing technology (used at Sellafield and La Hague) is less than satisfactory. Environmentally dirty, it produces significant quantities of lower level wastes." 5 The hazards associated with reprocessing were highlighted in April 2005 with the revelation of an accident at the THORP reprocessing plant at Sellafield in the UK. A broken pipe led to 83,000 litres of nitric acid containing dissolved spent fuel leaking into a containment structure. This incident attracted much public attention and a fine of 2.5 million Pounds. An environmental approach to radioactive waste: The following approach should be adopted for radioactive waste: • Radioactive waste is a long-lived and serious environmental hazard and its production should be minimised or halted. As a society we need to move from an unrealistic concept of "disposal" towards a sense of stewardship and long-term isolation and management of existing radioactive waste. • A fundamental principle in dealing with dangerous industrial wastes is reduction at source – it's time to turn off the toxic tap. • Open and inclusive processes to develop an effective approach to radioactive waste management are urgently required. This approach would be based on the adoption of best international standards and practise, waste minimisation and the non-imposition of transport or storage of radioactive waste. • Any sense of an "out of sight - out of mind" culture in relation to the management of radioactive waste should be actively challenged. November 2006 5 • Existing facilities, records and documentation regarding radioactive waste should be reviewed and upgraded if needed. • Nuclear waste should be stored above ground in a dry, monitored and retrievable fashion at or near the site of creation of the waste to reduce transport risks. • Radioactive waste storage facilities and practices should be the focus of regular independent audits and public review to increase transparency and ensure compliance with international best practise. • The development of an Australian national radioactive waste management strategy should be informed by a dedicated public Inquiry based on the principles of international best practise, waste minimisation and the non- imposition of radioactive waste transport or storage. This Inquiry would identify the full inventory of radioactive waste in Australia - what it is, where it is, who has jurisdiction and options for long-term management. Why nuclear waste should be stored above-ground and on-site: • The waste must be carefully monitored and accessible such that problems can be addressed. This becomes difficult or impossible if the waste is buried. The nuclear industry in recent years has been moving towards acceptance of this principle of 'retrievability'. • It greatly reduces the risk of transport accidents and contamination. • It encourages waste minimisation. On-site storage encourages best practice waste minimisation strategies whilst burial can foster an "out of sight, out of mind" disposal culture and profligate waste production. • It will be close to the experts. Burial makes it difficult for experts to monitor the site. To keep the waste safely isolated from the environment it is necessary for expert monitoring to be in effect for the duration of toxicity. Statement by traditional Aboriginal landowners A meeting of traditional landowners for both the Alcoota/Harts Range site and the Mt Everard site in the Northern Territory - both short-listed for a national nuclear waste dump - was held on country on Thursday 20 October 2005. At that meeting traditional landowners agreed to send the following message to Prime Minister John Howard: We are the traditional landowners of the country where your Government wants to build a nuclear waste dump. We do not want your nuclear waste dumped on our country. You and others in Canberra might think that our country is an empty place, that no people live here. We are telling you that there are communities and outstations close to the proposed sites – this is our home and unlike you we cannot move to another place. We live on this country, we use it for hunting kangaroo and getting bush tucker like honey ants and bush bananas. Our country is alive – there are sacred sites and our law and ceremonies are strong. We don't believe that this poisonous waste can be kept safely for thousand of years. You will be gone but our grandchildren will be left to worry. Can you tell us why we should be the ones to live with this risk? Why should Aboriginal people be dumped with this problem? We know you have experts in Sydney. You should leave the waste safely there instead of bringing it here out of your sight. We will not let you turn our country into a waste land. You talk a lot about economic development – telling us we should make money from our country. We run a successful cattle business on Alcoota station, and now you want to put this dump in the middle of it. Do you think people will still buy our beef if the nuclear waste dump is built here? We have ideas for tourism too – but tourists wont come to our country if we have a waste dump. Your Government tells us to manage and care for our country. Putting this waste on our country is not caring for country, it might take a long time but one day it will poison our country. We call on you, as the Prime Minister of Australia, to respect our law and culture, to respect our views as traditional landowners and to listen to our voice. We call on you to stop your plans to impose a nuclear waste dump on our country. More information on the proposed national nuclear waste dump: • Friend of the Earth, Northern Territory nuclear duymp briefing paper, <www.foe.org.au/download/NT-dump-infosheet.doc>. • NT Central Land Council <www.clc.org.au> November 2006 6 Further Reading: www.corwm.org.uk - the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management is an independent body commissioned by UK Government ministers to advise on radioactive waste issues. Has a good links page. www.antenna.nl/wise - the Amsterdam based World Information Service on Energy has teamed up with the US Nuclear Information and Resource Service to provide useful information and an extensive links page. www.iaea.org/inis - the UN's International Atomic Energy Agency's international nuclear information system is a detailed database of nuclear research and discourse. www.radwaste.org - US based site with lots of information and useful links. References: 1 Makhijani, Arjun and Brice Smith, 2005, "Costs and Risks of Management and Disposal of Depleted Uranium", <www.ieer.org/reports/du/LESprfeb05.html>.) 2 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), 1994, "Ionising Radiation: Sources and Biological Effects", New York: UNSCEAR. 3 UN Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, 2005, "Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR VII – Phase 2)", www.nap.edu/books/030909156X/html. 4 Kemeny, Leslie, April 15, 2005, "Power to the People", The Australian Financial Review, www.uic.com.au/KemenyAFR.htm 5 Kidd, Steve, May 11, 2004, "Achilles heel or own goal?", Nuclear Engineering International, www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectionCode=147&storyCode=2023239 About the author: Dave Sweeney has been involved with nuclear issues in Australia for two decades. He currently works as a nuclear campaigner with the Australian Conservation Foundation, a leading national environment NGO. About our organisation: energyscience.org.au is a co-operative production by a group of concerned scientists, engineers and policy experts that seek to promote a balanced and informed discussion on the future energy options for Australia. With increasing concern over the looming impact of global climate change the community needs to be aware of the issues involved. energyscience aims to provide reliable and evidence based information to our whole community Contact details: via our website. www.energyscience.org.au November 2006 7
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text: I am a woman from the Netherlands. Age over 40 but still a young spirit. I am travelling around in New Zealand, Australia and Asia. I am interested in People, nature, culture and open for unknown things. I have a sense of humour and i am an active person willing to help wherever i can.


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Robotnik won't go anywhere without his lucky cabbage.
bob-o learned Satanism from Harry Potter.
CherryDoom is perhaps the least desirable flavor of doom.
IOwnCalculus reads classic literature to his cereal in hopes of earning its respect.
Rock legend David Bowie has changed his identity with almost every album. Can you remember all these classic Bowie characters?
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My name is Dario. I love to travel. I try to visit one new country every year, but I have places which I re-visit as much as I can.
I like many places all over the world like the US (especially San Francisco) Asia (Korea, Japan, China), South-Africa and many places in Europe.
I speak German, Italian, Englisch and French


text: MeritDirect to manage PennWell contact lists Published on September 09, 2013. 0 Reprints Reprints Ad Age LookBook Weekly Feature Get Help Organizing Your Mobile Data and Start Tracking What's Working Learn more Rye Brook, N.Y.—Database marketing company MeritDirect will manage the sales contact lists of PennWell Corp. Statlistics formerly managed those lists. PennWell publishes 130 print and online magazines and newsletters and conducts more than 60 conferences and exhibitions in addition to other services. Its brands cover industries including aerospace and defense, dental, electronics, lighting, and oil and gas. In this article: BtoB Advertisement Read These Next Pepsi Passes Diet Coke in Market Share as Artificial Sweeteners Fall Out of Favor E.J. Schultz on 03.26.2015 113 0 See Five of Asia's Best Campaigns From AdFest Normandy Madden on 03.26.2015 91 0 Women Make Up 31.5% of Cannes Lions Juries For 2015 Emma Hall on 03.26.2015 45 0 Comments (0)


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In Memoriam
Marcia, I am sorry for your loses. I know how hard that is. Over the last few years I lost my cats and dogs as well. The vets told me, they can't stop the ageing process. Mine ranged in ages from 11 to 18 years old.
We have now started our second family of furballs. :) And are now considering adding a puppy....maybe next summer....we will see.
We still have Bear's successor, Red, and hopefully he'll be around for a few more years because he's such a good dog and everyone loves him. He's dh's special buddy, and Java was mine. I think she would have lived a lot longer - she was healthy until this summer, and she ended up with cancer in her mouth, which is apparently not uncommon for cats. It was such a hard decision to let her go. :( No more cats for me, not for awhile, anyway.
That's one of the reasons i chose the photo, Sharon. :) It's one of my favourites too, and when i looked at it again before posting, i thought the light in the distance seemed so surreal. Kind of apt in this instance. I wonder if they'll recognize each other in heaven.
So sorry for your loss, Marcia. Java may be gone from your life, but will never be gone from your heart.
I have some fresh understanding of what you're feeling now as we also lost a pet this year. In June our Katja (yellow Lab) became ill and we had to make that difficult decision, too.
Sorry to hear about all the pets that had to be put down this summer.
On Aug 22 I took our 15 year old cocker spaniel, Lady, to the vet to have an absessed tooth on her left upper side removed. While she was under anesthetic the vet found that there was a large cancerous tumor between the upper teeth and her eye and recommended putting her down. That day was hard. I gave our 3 year old border collie lots of hugs that afternoon and our 17 year old cat even got one or two also.
It was for the best. Lady was deaf and had cataracts already. We were afraid that someone would drive in or leave our place and run over her since she couldn't hear and then they would feel simply awful.
The last memories I have of her was in the Rav in the front seat like she loved to be, going for a ride, looking outside at where we were going...happy and content to be going for a ride with me like she used to all the time when she was younger.
Brenda, i'm so sorry. It must have been especially hard because you had to make that decision so quickly. Mine had been coming for about a month, and when she stopped eating and went and hid outside, i knew she was telling me something. I couldn't let her die out there on her own, so i brought her in and had one more day with her. Before bringing her to the vet, i carried her around the yard so that her last memories would be of the home she loved.
It's been over a month and i still miss her a lot.
Just a note to say that I fully understand how all of you feel about losing a member of your family. I too had to put down my dear Gidget last fall. She was my first sheltie and an incredibly beautiful soul. I don't want to stir up sad feelings, just want you all to know that the decisions we have made are for the best and will always be a struggle for the one who has to make them. It's comforting to know that we have the huge capacity to love all our furry family members, past, present and future. Let's pass forward.
Ginny Garden
Gairdens Shelties


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Black Cherry leaf problem
I'm unable to match all symptoms to those on Tomato Problem Solver. Problem begins with a brown/copper irregular spot on leaf. No border, no bulls eye or no black spots. Spreads until entire leaf is greenish, grayish brown. Eventually spreads to other leaves on that branch. Leaves become leathery, then brittle. Entire branch eventually withers. Leaves do not turn yellow and do not fall off. Main stem does not seem to be affected. Fruits are just ripening and look normal. No oozing from stem when placed in water. Cut stems look and smell normal. On a few leaves I have found tiny black spots on underside that I can wipe off. Plant is in a self watering container and has been treated with Daconil every 7 to 10 days. Weather has been very warm to hot and humid.
Any suggestions?
Thanks, Bill
You've done an excellent job of trying to figure out what's going on and I'm not that sure I can go that much further.
But lets back up here and look at the leaf progression again.
No wilting, so presumably not a systemic disease , which knocks out Bacterial Wilt, Southern Wilt, Fusarium, Verticilliium, Root Knot Nematodes, and the like.
No distorted leaves or petioles bending down or twisted foliage which knocks out several viral diseases and possible herbicide drift and Late Blight.
Which leaves us pretty much with a foliage disease.
When spots first appear, how big are they and what is their shape and I assume at this point the rest of the leaf is green.
Many individual spots?
Any yellowing around those spots?
Then the spots merge together and the leaf turns to brown.
Then the branch on which these affected leaves exist drop off from the main stem, starting at the bottom.
YOu refer to a grayish green at one point, which makes me think possibly Gray Mold, possibly Powdery Mildew.
Is this one plant or ALL the plants you're raising? That makes a difference in trying to figure out what's going on.
Carolyn, Thanks very much for your reply. I may have more than one thing going on here. When first noticed there is one spot varying from the size of the end of my little finger to end of my thumb. When I next examine them there may be more spots or the whole leaf may be involved. If I don't remove the branch the problem spreads to all leaves on that branch. No yellow banding that I can see. The branch does not fall off. It just withers and hangs there until I remove it. Problem is just with the Black Cherry. I have several other varieties close by.
This morning I found two leaves with many small (pencil lead size) spots the same color as the larger spots. Closer examination revealed a small hole in center of each spot. Looks like the picture of Bacterial Speck except for the color of the spot, no yellow banding and the hole. Would something like Maneb be in order? Or could I have an insect problem that I can't see?
Ate the first ripe Black Cherry yesterday and it's sure worth saving:).
Thanks much,
Hi Bill,
I have the same problem with my black cherry tomato. The leaves are discoloring, but otherwise the plant is super healthy. It is rusty with a few very small brown spots. My plant is planted in a brand new pot, with potting soil. I enriched the soil with Osmocote when I planted it, but believe it may need some nutients. Did anything that you tried bring results? This is my only tomato plant, and I have treated it like a child! It's getting sick, and I need HELP!
Thanks for anything,


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Like many other kids who grew up in New England in the '80s, I rooted for Danny Ainge to come up big for the Celtics in many last-minute situations. Now, with Ainge serving as president of basketball ops for the team, I'm rooting for him to do it again at the last minute before Thursday night's NBA draft begins.
If your "fanboy" antenna went up after reading that, fine. Guilty as charged. Of all the local New England teams, the Celtics were the team I grew up cheering for the most. Now that I'm back in Boston and an "OBJECTIVE TALK SHOW HOST," I'm not supposed to root.
Fair enough.
But there is one thing every talk show host has every right to root for when it comes the teams in his/her market: relevance. So that's what I'm rooting for before the NBA draft for the Celtics -- relevance.
I'll forget the kid who rooted for the Celtics to win 82 out of 82. Instead I'll fast forward to the adult version of that kid working in the sports radio biz in Boston who simply wants Ainge's team to matter.
Do something big, Danny. Please. Make a splash. Get us excited. Make me care again. Those years of competitiveness weren't that long ago. It, uh, just feels that way.
A labor stoppage, a .500 campaign, the sudden dismantling of a perpetual contender, the divorce from a winning coach, and a 25-win season go a long way toward blurring the reality of the fact that those league and conference championship editions of your club weren't more than a year before the twerking movement really began. Malaise can take over fast in the modern NBA. And those of us who openly root for relevance have no desire to see the mid-to-late-'90s repeat themselves.
So, I'm begging you Danny, if you've got one more 3-ball from the corner in you then jack it up now!
Rajon Rondo to Sacramento for Ben McLemore and the No. 8 pick? OK. Rondo has an expiring contract. And if there is no ability or willingness to follow through on the much-ballyhooed rumors of acquiring Kevin Love or Camrelo Anthony, why bother keeping Rondo, right? Good basketball trade. And you can use those picks to get some combination of Julius Randle, Aaron Gordon, Marcus Smart, or someone similar. I get it.
But I'm sorry. That's leaving me flat. So is the notion of staying put and just picking at No. 6 and No. 17. You'll get good players, for sure. But after six weeks of fans tweeting Love photos from Fenway, Anthony's name being dangled over Back Bay, and headlines suggesting a trade to get pick No. 1 is on the table, the collective Boston basketball whistle is wet.
Smart and Gordon on the same night sounds like one hell of a haul for a single draft to me. Under normal circumstances, those are two nice building blocks for the future. But this fan base needs a jolt right now. There's got to be a payoff after you made the prediction of "fireworks" back in mid-April. Even if the Celtics draft two good players in their current slots, I don't think that constitutes fireworks. It'd be like hearing the Boston Pops play on the Fourth of July and seeing nothing but two guys running along the Charles with sparklers in their hands.
And this isn't me pleading to make a splash just for the sake of doing it. The splash makes sense. If you trade for Kevin Love ... how can I say this ... YOU GET KEVIN LOVE! Enough fan complaining about his lack of defense. He's an all-NBA guy who was the fourth-best scorer and the third-best rebounder in the NBA this season. If you sign Anthony, you get a headache. But you also get a drawing card who could fit in well should you decide to keep Rondo for another year. And you may get enough out of Rondo with Anthony here that Rondo would be worth extending. If you move up to pick No. 1, you get either Jabari Parker or Andrew Wiggins. Within the last six weeks Parker is now being called unathletic and fat. Wiggins is being called a pansy who can't really shoot and finish in traffic. But in November your team, Danny, and many others across the league apparently were trying to lose on purpose so you could draft one of them.
So move up and take one of them if you can. Use those Brooklyn picks. Or mortgage some of the future and trade a little more than what basketball geeks say make sense and acquire Love. Yeah. Lots of picks plus Jared Sullinger or Kelly Olynyk. That's fine. Or, hell, even sign Carmelo for all I care. Sure, that smells funny. But I know what last year smelled like. And that stinks worse. I think all NBA fans in this region are hoping to avoid a similar scent in 2014-15. What I'd like is to wake up Friday morning and smell the newsprint on the local papers with headlines reading "AINGE TAKES ANOTHER BOLD SHOT."
Greg and Chris talk with Mike Reiss from ESPN Boston in hour 2 of NFL Sunday to discuss a variety of offseason happenings with the Pats and throughout the league. Greg and Chris also get into the NFL Draft and where Mariota and Winston will go.
Mike Reiss calls the guys to talk about the offseason news for the Pats. He talks about the Pats/Jets tampoering fiasco, free agency, where he sees Ridley and Connolly ending up, if the Patriots would be interested in Reggie Wayne and more.
In the first hour of the show, Greg and Chris discuss the news coming out of the owners' meetings this week and rule changes. Belichick's blow-up over the league not wanting to spend on endzone cameras was well documented and the guys react. They also talk about the Jets ridiculous tampering charges, free agents still lingering out there, where Stevan Ridley will land and the RB position in New England. Dickerson and Price briefly discuss the adventures of Tom Brady before being joined by WEEI.com's Mike Petraglia to talk all things Pats in the offseason.
Brow Buff's Sam Packard and Ben Kichen break down Marcus Smart's unfortunate ball tap, debate leadership in the Celtics locker room, and rehash the great Kevin Love to Boston rumors.
Flannery joins Mut to break down the Isaiah Thomas trade to Boston and what it means for the Celtics this season and in the future. Paul also chats with Mut about the other deals that happened at the NBA's trading deadline
We talk to Chris Mannix from SI to break down the C's acquisition of Isaiah Thomas and the crazy trade deadline in the rest of the NBA.
Joe and Alex talked with the Sox AGM about the state of the team as Opening Day approaches.
Mut, Tomase, and Bradford kick things off talking about Shane Victorino taking offense to people reading into some comments he made about trading for Cole Hamels. They also discuss Blake Swihart and how soon he could be up if Christian Vazquez starts the season on the DL.
Joe Kelly joined the Hot Stove show where he talked about being ready for his next spring training start after a biceps ailment forced him out of his last outing, he talks about his NCAA brackets and how teammate Wade Miley has a perfect bracket still.
Peter Chiarelli joined the Sunday Skate crew to talk about the Bruins playoff push heading into the final handful of games of the regular season. Chiarelli talked about avoiding some of the overly negative feedback he gets while realizing that the team does have real issues. He discusses what went down at the trade deadline and if he was happy with the outcome, Lucic having a down year and underperforming, the salary cap and if he considers it as big of an issue as it's been made out to be and what the future holds for the team.
It's a big hour #2 for the Sunday Skate dudes - they talk about the B's defenseman and what the future looks like at that position, with both moves the team can make and younger guys in the AHL. They also get into the Bruins philosophy on bringing guys up and sending them back down and how players deal with that. Finally, the boys are joined by Bruins GM Peter Chiarelli to discuss EVERYTHING.
The Sunday Skate crew gets the show going discussing the Bruins big, impressive victory over the NY Rangers yesterday. What can you take from that game? According to LB - Lyndon Byers - who called the guys from the road, not a lot. LB drops a dime on what was going on with the Rangers yesterday. DJ and Joe discuss Claude's lines and groupings and the importance of Ryan Spooner. They also get into Lucic, his contributions this year and if he can turn things around.
A caller strongly disagreed with Callahan on Indiana's RFRA law.
The top stories of the day as recounted by Kirk Minihane.
The guys opened the show by discussing the latest news on Boston 2024.
Ryan Spooner joined the show to talk about the B's turning it around as of late, how he lost the fear to make a mistake, the chemistry he's experiencing with the other young players, and more.
Since it's April Fools day, it would make sense to have Christian prank call a friend about his gun ownership.
The picked up an important win last night over the Panthers, keeping ahead of Ottawa for the 8th seed. Andy Brickley called the game last night for NESN and talks about Tuukka's performance and some other items he picked up.
Given the scope of Aaron Hernandez' admitted marijuana use that's come out of this trial, a big debate is "sparked" about how a pro athlete can possibly compete at this level with their lungs and senses impaired to such a degree... or are they impaired at all in the first place? The giant free-for-all hempfest is here.
Dale, Michael and Jerry discuss the Sox and perhaps their biggest hole in this line-up.
We wrap up the day with the best in sound that you may have missed throughout the day.
Chris Price joins Mut to talk about how Revis will heat up the Jets-Pats rivalry next season
Mut opens his show talking about the New York Jets filing tampering charges on the Patriots
Mikey, Mut, and Lucy are talking about all things New England sports, the Red Sox spring training, more Darrelle Revis and Jets talk, and some Bruins mixed in.
Kirk Minihane joins the show to talk about the Celtics and their chances in the playoffs and how to continue the rebuild. Michael Holley also challenges Minihane to a game of one on one.
Will Noonan joins Chris in the studio to review Wrestlemania and Raw.
Dino, Gerry and Kirk talk about Kirk's massage and crap all over Sausage.
We listen in on Adam Shefter's deflategate report on NFL Live on ESPN, and discuss when we can expect this whole mess to come to a head.More from this show
Dino, Gerry and Kirk talk about Kirk's massage and crap all over Sausage.More from this show
The guys discussed the controversial Indiana law.More from this show
The guys opened the show by discussing the Presidents visit yesterday.More from this show
With the Wells report seemingly wrapping up (we hope), Tim and Lou got to talking about possible fines and punishments the Patriots must face. It's possible that the Patriots will face a small fine, but should they take that laying down? The conversation brings out a little passion from BOTH sides.More from this show


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Barnes prepared for dressing down
September 20, 2009
Wallabies centre Berrick Barnes reflects on his side's latest defeat to New Zealand © Getty Images
Wallabies centre Berrick Barnes is prepared for a flogging both on and off the training field in the wake of his side's latest capitulation at the hands of the All Blacks.
Australia were condemned to the Tri-Nations wooden spoon following a 33-6 defeat at the hands of New Zealand in Wellington and as a result Barnes admits his side have weeks of hard work ahead of them before they embark on their end-of-year tour.
"We are going to cop it from a lot of people, and that's understandable when you put in a performance like that," said the 23-year-old. The Wallabies looked a shadow of the side that had upset the South Africans in Brisbane two weeks ago as they were outscored by three tries to nil and outplayed in every facet of the game.
Barnes knows immediate improvement is needed with another Bledisloe Cup match against the All Blacks in Tokyo at the end of next month and Tests against England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales on successive weekends in November to come.
"It's almost like a month of pre-season heading into the Tokyo game. I've no doubts (coach) Robbie (Deans) is going to be working us hard - that's for sure - and rightly so. We put in a really poor performance (in Wellington), and the All Blacks were good. We showed what we could do (in Brisbane) but we were ordinary (against New Zealand)."
Australia never got a foothold at Westpac Stadium as the New Zealand forwards ran roughshod over them and their backs threatened every time they got the ball in hand.
Captain George Smith, David Pocock and Rocky Elsom came off second best at the breakdown against Richie McCaw, Adam Thomson and Kieran Read. Even the All Blacks' suspect line-out functioned well and snaffled two of the Wallabies' throws. The set-piece dominance ensured clean ball was finally delivered to the All Blacks backs - something Daniel Carter, Ma'a Nonu and Co have been craving for weeks.
"I suppose when you sit around waiting for other people to do a few jobs, as a whole team you pay for it against these guys," said Barnes. "I thought they sustained pressure well through the breakdown and had patience -and Carter was good in the way he controlled the game, especially with the kicking when they were a man down as well."
© Scrum.com
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Jones key to Wales World Cup plans
Huw Richards assesses where Wales are after a mixed Six Nations, with front row seats still very much available for the World Cup
Attacking revolution will be fleeting
John Mitchell lapped up the action on 'Sensational Saturday' - but warns not to expect a repeat come Rugby World Cup time later this year
Ireland, England are dangers if ...
Craig Dowd warns England, Ireland and Wales they should play to their strengths rather than those of the All Blacks and the Wallabies
Six Nations prospects for the World Cup
Tom Hamilton runs the rule over just where the six countries stand ahead of the global gathering in September


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Is this bat made in a 33" 20 oz. model?
Unfortunately, the 2015 Louisville Slugger LXT Fastpitch Softball Bat (FPLX159) is manufactured only in a drop 8, drop 9 and drop 10 model. There is no drop 13 model made.
What is the difference between the FPLX150 & FPLX159?
The difference between the (FPLX150) and the 2015 Louisville Slugger LXT Fastpitch Softball Bat (FPLX159) is the sizing. One is a -10 size. The other is a -9 in length to weight.
My daughter is 11yrs old. She is 5'3" and 135lbs. What size bat in the LXT should I get for her?
We would recommend a 32" 22 oz. for a player with her height and weight. The 2015 Louisville Slugger LXT Fastpitch (FPLX159) will be slightly heavy for her. I would recommend going with the -10 drop in the LXT. The model number for the LXT in the -10 drop is FPLX150.
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New for 2015! Put some more spring in your swing this season with the new Louisville Slugger LXT! Re-engineered from the breakthrough Xeno bat, the LXT is designed to provide more pop and an even better feel when you swing! It is truly the ultimate combination of speed, power, and balance in fastpitch. The LXT features a revolutionary three-piece design within the taper that is called TRU-3 Technology. This revolutionary new transition technology strengthens the link between the barrel and handle to give the LXT a trampoline spring and dramatically reduced vibration on contact. This straighter, thicker rubber ring results in a bat that is not only sturdier, but feels better with every swing. Vibration from mishits are absorbed before they reach the player's hands, allowing players to be more consistent with their hitting. Like the Xeno, the LXT features S1iD Technology for a flexible, more forgiving barrel, a larger sweet spot, and a cleaner sounding pop with every hit. Made from Louisville Slugger's thinner, high-strength, and lightweight composite, the LXT is ready to take the fastpitch softball world by storm! Louisville Slugger: Leave Your Mark! The LXT is approved for play in ASA, USSSA, NSA, ISA, and ISF. It is backed by a Full Twelve (12) Month Manufacturer's Warranty. Free Shipping!
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The cold winter months did more than just keep people indoors, it created a population spike for Pittsburgh.
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Despite all the headlines recently about central banks, the most important development in the world economy these days is the sharp –and apparently persistent–drop in the price of oil. It's down nearly 40% since June.
This is the best thing to happen to the global economy since we discovered we weren't tumbling into Great Depression 2.0. It occurs at a moment when the world, especially outside the U.S., sorely needs a little growth tonic. Of course, it's going to hurt oil-producing countries–the good guys (Mexico) and the bad guys (Venezuela, Russia)–but nearly all major developed and emerging-market economies are oil importers and will benefit. Read More »


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Our cool capital has cultural cred this autumn with a blockbuster exhibition and plenty to keep you captivated.
Re-invention the key to buzzing Christchurch's success
Mark Chipperfield Dynamic Christchurch has new hotels, cafes, bars and restaurants.
Food and wine the world raves about
Mark Chipperfield Treat yourself to the superb dishes and cellars while gazing at splendid mountain views.
The 12 best hotels I've ever stayed at
Lee Tulloch There are a dozen hotels and resorts I'd recommend unconditionally.
How cruising became an indulgent hotel experience
Brian Johnston Cruise lines are finally ditching the nautical look and finding design inspiration in landlubber hotels.
Where to eat in Auckland: Chef Al Brown
Chef and TV presenter on his favorite eating spots in Auckland, New Zealand.
Babymoons: how to get the best insurance
Tracey Spicer With a boom in ''babymoons'', it's timely to look at which travel insurance policies cover pregnancy.
Los Angeles' Koreatown: K is for cool
Julietta Jameson Los Angeles' Koreatown has come a long way from its riot torn past, but it still wears its history on its sleeve, and that's a very good thing, writes Julietta Jameson
Nevada, USA: Where to find real cowboys
Ben Groundwater This unforgiving and dusty land is still cowboy country.
Frequent flyer: Angelique Kidjo
Julietta Jameson Singer-songwriter reveals her favourite travel tips.


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"very informative"
Has a variety of interesting stories about a variety of places the reader can relate to.
Tells the possible geological happenings as well as peoples relationship with stone.
This is the first book I've read performed by the speaker. Honestly the book is far better than the speaker.
The speaker isn't the best (opinion) but I found if I slowed the speed down it was slightly more pleasing. Kind of wish audible had more ear pleasing speakers.
"Humanizing history"
Story relates historical events on a level anyone can relate to. It is about how they lived not so much dwelling on how they died and wars. The narration is excellent and really makes a big difference in this case since the story is very long.
"Well told."
I would listen again. It is a story everyone can relate to on some level. Starting with pretty much nothing but then not having to live on a budget - yeah, that is something we can relate to.
I feel the most memorable moment was the end when he realized he really was lucky. To be with a company from rock bottom until it is so very successful you don't have to work any longer is a good feeling. The little point of being able to buy a coffee not on sale, great.
I think Larry was my favorite character because he was always in the background.
A walk from life ordinary to life extraordinary
"I could have done without Atlantis foolishness"
Leave out nonfacts.
I have not listened to other books by this author.
I had no real favorite scene. I was enjoying the story, gave it creedence - until the Atlantis garbage was brought up along with aliens etc. I mean really. Please stick to the facts.
I read a factual book recently giving hypothesis that had nothing to do with aliens nor Atlantis - because it dealt with the FACTS. Just because something is hard to explain does not mean it has anything to do with aliens or Atlantis.
Truth peppered with pure fiction
There was so many good solid facts that it simply ruined the book by peppering it with pure conjecture, opinion and controversial foolish notions of Atlantis - which the possible existance of ruined under the ocean makes zero difference in our existance since all of us are survivors of different cultures. Atlantis, if even real, is gone, period. There are so many buried civilizations that we can dig up, why obsess over one under water that is forever dead and gone - obviously their intelligence couldn't and didn't save them.
"Great story especially to those who rarely listen"
The down to earth first person experiences made this very entertaining and informative to listen to. My spouse is into transportation and usually doesn't listen to these stories but this one really got his attention and he said it was right on target.
I thought the first person narritve was the best thing about this story. The author immersed himself in the world of all kinds of transportation.
I think the description of the issues trains have was my favorite. I won't describe it since I would spoil it for the reader.
I rarely listen to a book in one sitting. I think this is one that lends itself well to listening in sessions since the different sections are about different types of transportation.
I'd suggest listening with someone interested in transportation but not necessarily so interested in reading or listening so it can draw the person in!
"Good story about life in England"
I would recommend this but make sure the person knows this is strictly about England. It is an interesting, comical, informative book.
There were many memorable funny moments in the recollections, some of which probably shouldn't be recollected in a public forum but are entertaining.
I have not listened to this narrator before but he is very good however it seems to how many I have listened to on Audible, English narrators seem to be the bulk of the folks who narrate. For this book it is very appropriate and a seemingly perfect narrator but I wish audible would have a few more non-English or book appropriate narrators.
I had no extreme reaction to this book. It was purely entertaining.
"Excellent personal view and excellent facts"
I have listened to this more than once and bought the book. It talked about some items I already knew and then expanded from there. There was much I really didn't realize.
The realization that Americans eat so much farmed fish from outside the country was surprising. And the fact that people tend to prefer farmed fish to wild caught was also surprising. The warmth of the authors love for fishing and fishermen was heart warming.
The narrator is perhaps my favorite. I believe the character from the bayou of Louisianna was my favorite although a very small part.
I had no extreme reaction save to be more attentive to where my seafood comes from. While I already look closely at the label, I will surely scrutinize it even more carefully.
I applaud the authors efforts to bring to light the hopefullness of our country to bring back our shellfish and keep the fish we do have here at home.
"jumps around but interesting"
Down to earth real life story about a human being including their highest and lowest points. It does sit the reader down in a real life story easy to relate to.
Hearing about a mans struggle to be accepted
Dreadful monotone monotonous
I've now listened to 2 books orated by this author and for me, even though the writing is good, the oration is so monotonous that this will be my last purchase of this orator and that is a shame. Good author does not make a good author. And, the book skips around in time a lot. Still, even though I won't buy another by this orator, I don't regret the purchase.
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PEDRO – Judy Dale Owens, 73, of Pedro, wife of Bobby Owens, passed away Monday, Jan. 27, 2014, at Hospice Care Center in Ashland, Ky. Graveside services will be 11 a.m. Thursday, Jan. 30, 2014, at Lawrence Furnace Cemetery. Arrangements are under the direction of Phillips Funeral Home in Ironton.
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A few weeks ago I set out on a new series of articles through which I intend to scan the history of the church—from its earliest days all the way to the present time—to examine some of Christianity's most notorious false teachers. Along the way we will visit such figures as Arius, Pelagius, Fosdick, and even a few you might find on television today. We continue this morning with a false teacher whose name has been nearly forgotten even though his followers regularly knock on your door. He is Charles Taze Russell, founder of the Jehovah's Witnesses.
Charles Taze Russell was born on February 16, 1852 in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, the second of five children born to Joseph and Ann Russell. Charles grew up in a devout home and his parents were respected members of the Presbyterian church. When he was young, his family moved to Pittsburgh, where his father came to own a number of haberdashery stores. In his early teens Charles became a partner in this business and soon owned several of the locations.
As a boy Charles had a great deal of religious enthusiasm, and while still only a teenager left his Presbyterian congregation to attend a Congregational church. As a form of evangelism he would often go to public locations and use chalk to write out Bible verses related to sin and damnation. But then, at the age of sixteen, he engaged in a debate with a friend that led him to question the reliability of the Bible and the validity of the Christian faith. He embarked on a period of religious searching and dabbled in many Eastern religions before determining that they, too, were empty and unsatisfying.
When Charles was eighteen he encountered Adventist preaching and began to regularly attend a Bible study. It was not long before he determined that he could not reconcile an eternal hell with a merciful God. Over the next two years he came to question many other historic Christian doctrines and became convicted that the historic creeds betrayed true Christianity. At the same time he adopted Adventist teachings: that the end times had begun in 1799, that Christ had returned invisibly in 1874 and been crowned King of Heaven four years later, that all Christians who had already died would be resurrected before the end of 1878, and that 1914 would mark the end of a harvest period and usher in Armageddon. He sold his five clothing stores, an act that generated a substantial amount of money (today's equivalent of several million dollars), and committed his life to writing, publishing and funding the propagation of the message of Christ's imminent return. He did this at first through a partnership with Nelson H. Barbour and his Adventist periodical Herald of the Morning.
When 1878 came and went without any of the predicted events, he was forced to re-examine his beliefs and to distance himself from some of his Adventist peers, including Barbour. He founded his own periodical which he titled Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence. At this time he also married Maria Frances Ackley in an apparently celibate union that would last until 1897 before ending in an acrimonious divorce.
In 1881 Russell founded the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society which grew to a substantial publishing venture, and there were soon some 16 million of his books and booklets in print. His ministry and his opportunities to preach grew exponentially and Pastor Russell, as he became known, soon had followers all over the Northern and Eastern states. He preached and wrote constantly, his sermons were printed in several thousand newspapers around the globe, and he became one of the most famous preachers in the world. He eventually moved the headquarters of the Watch Tower Society to Brooklyn, New York, where they remain today.


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The Belt Railway Company of Chicago is currently accepting resumes for a Trainmaster. The successful candidate for this position will effectively manage daily operations and employees in the BRC's Transportation Department. The successful candidate will be familiar with Switchman, Locomotive Engineer, and Remote Control Operator duties and three (3) plus years of supervisory experience. Computer aptitude and reporting skills a must. Responsibilities include supervising multiple switch crews in daily operations, working classification yard operations, actively monitoring contract employee rules compliance, and communicating with other customer railroads as necessary. This position must cooperatively interact with other departments and external customers. Excellent opportunity, competitive pay and great benefits. Veterans are encouraged to apply.
- Minimum 5 years of stable employment
- Minimum 3 years supervisory experience
- Previous experience supervising employees in multi-shift 24/7operation preferred
- Knowledge of computer-based reporting and tracking programs preferred
- PC aptitude (Email, Word, Excel)
- Must be eligible to work in the U.S.
- Must be able to work variable shifts when position requirements dictate
Proven background in management skills self-development preferred
POSTED: February 24, 2015
Software Developer
The Software Developer is responsible for working directly with business units and the Information Systems department to develop innovative cutting edge railroad systems. The Software Developer is involved in all aspects of the software development lifecycle, from design to development to testing to deployment to maintenance. Successful candidates will be detail oriented, organized, able to communicate effectively with all levels of the organization, and display a high aptitude and interest for problem solving.
Who we are:
The Belt Railway Company of Chicago is the largest intermediate switching terminal railroad in North America with 28 miles of mainline track and more than 300 miles of switching tracks, enabling it to interchange with every railroad serving the Chicago rail hub. With Chicago being the largest hub of the railroad industry, approximately 40% of all railcars traversing North America come through Chicago. The Belt' Class 1 Railroad Owner lines (CSX, Norfolk Southern, BNSF, Union Pacific, Canadian National, and Canadian Pacific), as well as several other railroads, bring trains to the Belt Railway to be efficiently separated, classified, and re-blocked for cross-country departure. The Belt Railway currently dispatches on a service-driven basis more than 8,400 rail cars per day.
What our Software Developers do:
- Work to enhance our proprietary railroad systems
- Design, analyze, develop, code, test, debug , and document complex railroad applications
- Work with other team members to ensure the software meets requirements and is testable
- Coordinate with team leadership to plan work
- Help maintain COBOL applications
Who we're looking for:
- Undergraduate (or higher) degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, CIS, MIS, Business, or Engineering
- 0 – 10 years of experience
- Proven implementation skills in JAVA
- Strong experience with object oriented programming
- Knowledge with working in UNIX environment
- Solid SQL and relational database experience
- Knowledge of COBOL and IBM iSeries a plus
- Proven ability to provide creative and elegant solutions to problems
- Excellent written and oral communication skills
- Demonstrated ability to learn and use new technologies
Resumes can be submitted by email at firstname.lastname@example.com, by fax at (708) 496-4005 to Human Resources, or can be dropped off with Human Resources. No phone calls, please.
POSTED: December 5, 2014
Communications Electrician
The Belt Railway Company of Chicago is seeking a Communications Electrician. FCC license is preferred. 2-5 years of professional experience required with repair and installation of electronic equipment, such as security camera systems, radios, data transmission and storage devices, and phone systems. 3+ years of stable employment (full-time equivalent), HSD or equivalent and driver's license required. Must be able to work variable shifts.
Resumes should be submitted by email at email@example.com, by fax at (708) 496-4005. No phone calls please. Veterans encouraged to apply.
POSTED: January 7, 2015
The Belt Railway Company of Chicago is currently accepting applications for Signalpersons or Trainees. They will assist the Signal Maintainer in inspection, testing and maintenance of batteries to insure proper operation, inspection and testing of signal circuitry, replacing defective components, wiring, broken lenses or light bulbs, cleaning signal equipment including signs and lenses with cloths and solvents, lubricating moving parts on mechanical equipment, inspection, testing and maintenance of signal equipment such as grade crossing devices, power switches and switch air unit controllers, installing testing and maintaining retarder systems, performing a wide range of construction, installation, maintenance and repair activities requiring frequent use of hand tools, general labor duties as assigned.
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POSTED: January 7, 2015


text:
Baxton Studio Espresso Leather Leaning Floor Mirror - 31W x 71H in.Item # HN-WSI165
- Overall Dimensions: 31W x 1D x 71H in.
- Mirror Dimensions: 22W x 62H in.
- Frame bordered by Bycast espresso brown leather
- Oversized Rectangle leaning floor mirror
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- Attractive Design
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This mirror exceeds my expectations. It is well constructed. The leather if fine quality, but more importantly the "mirror" itself does not distort your look. What you see is how you look!
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Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
July 27, 1937. c. l. STOKENBURY MEANS AND METHOD OF ORIENTING DEFLECTING TOOLS IN WELLS Filed Nov. 2 1956 GI STOKENBURY.
- Qim (3 .Gfluk ATTORN E Y5.
Patented July 27, 1937 UNITED STATES MEANS AND METHOD OF ORIENTING DE- FLECTING TOOLS IN Clyde I. Stokenbury, Long Beach, Calif., assignor to Eastman Oil Well Survey Company, Dallas, Tex., a corporation of Delaware Application November 28, 1936, Serial No. 113,134
'1 Claims.
The invention relates to a means and method of moving a string of pipe in a well bore and has particular application in the positioning of deflecting tools and other instruments in well bores where it is desired to know the-orientation of the tool or its azimuth.
It will be understood that as a string of pipe is moved in the well bore where the pipe is niade A up of pipe sections that the pipe sections are connected and disconnected in stages so that their movement is efiected by a step by step operation until the deflecting tool has either been moved into or out of the. well bore or ,to some predetermined elevation.
It is one of the objects of the invention to providea simple and economical apparatus which 'can be readily attached to the pipe sections in order to carry some predetermined point on the pipe along the periphery of the pipe so that it 9 will be known at all times where the original point is with respect to the aligned point which is being carried along the pipe as it. moves. v
Another object of theinvention is to transfer a predetermined point along the length of thesections of pipe as they are connected or disconnected during the movement of the pipe by transferring this point along a plane.
Another object of the invention is-to provide an apparatus for aligning pipe sections which includes a target and a sighting device which are to be alternately connected and disconnected to the successive pipe sections in order to carry a. point along in the plane of the pipe as it is assembled or disassembled.
Another object is to provide an apparatus which may be used by only one operator in the derrick because the person on the derrick floor need only insert and remove the target and release the clamp while all of the sighting is done by the der- 40 rick man.
Another object of the invention is to-provide a pair of clamping members which can be alter-- nately attached to the pipe so that a sightingdevice and a target may be carried along the pipe in a. known relation to a predetermined point on v the periphery of the pipe. Another object of the invention is to provide a clamp member having a means thereon to receive either a sighting device or a target which can be alternately attached thereto in order to carry a point in alignment along a string of pipe.-
Other and further objects of the invention will be readily apparent when the following description is considered in connection with the accompanying drawing, wherein:
V 5 Fig. 2 is a plan view looking down on one of.
-the clamping members which is supporting a tele-,
scope or sighting, device by which the alignment is transferred.
Fig. 3 shows a transverse section of the clamping device shown in Fig. 2 but carrying a target member which can be alternately positioned therein with the sighting device in order to transfer the point of alignment along'the string of pipe. a
In Fig. 1 a derrick is indicated generally at 2 and is provided with the usualcrown block 3, the traveling block 4, and the operating cable 5. Suspended on the traveling block, are the eleva tors 6 which serve to support' the string of pipe I which is to be moved in the well bore and whose position is to be aligned so as to ascertain its relative azimuth at any time during the movement in the hole.
It is' to be understood that the means and method of the present invention may be applied in practice in various forms but the invention concerns itself with aligning the adjacent pipe sections so that some predetermined point on point of the periphery of the pipe may be carried along 30 the pipe so that the plane along which the predetermined point has been moved is known on the surface at all times.
The drawings of Figs. 1, 2, and 3 are all diagrammatic, andfor purposes of illustration present a deflecting tool Ill as being moved into the top of the well bore after having been connected to a section of pipe II. It will be seen that this deflecting tool has a deflecting face l2 whose position in the well bore after it reaches the desired elevation is to be ascertained by carrying, along the pipe a point which, for purposes of illustration, will be taken as" the normal or per pendicular to this deflecting face I 2. The normal has been indicated by the line of .a ta "it H which extends perpendicular to the face l2. Any other point may be selected arbitrarily, however..
The number of stages which are required to -move the pipe in the hole will of course depend Q upon the length of the pipe sections, the distance 50 the string of pipe is to be moved, and the height of the derrick 2. In the present instancethe derrick is shown as being of a height to accom- 5 modate more than the length of one pipe section such as H and a second pipe section i5 is shown 55 as connected thereto with the upper end oi the section i being supported in the elevator 6. Any desired number of pipe sections may be made up together before they are attached to the string of pipe being lowered into the well bore. In practice, these pipe sections are known as singles, doubles, thribles or fourbles, depending upon how many sections are made .up before'they are attached in the pipe string.
In carrying out the invention a plurality of clamping members 20 may be used to support the target l4 and the sighting device. To carry the selected point along the pipe one of the clamping members 20 is placed about the upper end of the pipe section which is uppermost in the stage in the derrick and this clamp is then moved circumferentially about the pipe until the sighting member 2| can be trained upon the line H as a target. The target may be fixed initially to the tool In by a clamp 20 or otherwise. When it has been so-circumferentially adjusted the set screw 22 is then adjusted so as to securely fix the clamping member to thepipe in this position.
It seems obvious therefore that the sighting device 2|, and in fact the entire clamp 20, is now positioned on the pipe so that it is in alignment with the target l4.
The sighting device 2| is carried in a socket 24 which is formed in the body 23 of the clamping device, as clearly seen in Fig. 2, the body 23 being made up of a circular section which is arranged to receive the periphery of the pipe I5. The point 25 of the clamping member 22 will bite into the pipe so as to draw the shoulders 26 and 21 firmly against the opposite side of the pipe. These shoulders 26 and 21 will be of suflicient length so that the clamping member 20 will be properly aligned along the pipe in order to support the sighting device 2|.
The sighting device may be in the form of a telescope by which an accurate sight can be taken along a plane radially of the pipe. The sighting device is supported in a yoke 30 upon which it may be pivoted as at 3| so that across hair in the sighting device will be aligned with the line 4 of the target to indicate that they are in the same circumferential position. The yoke 3|! in turn carries a shank 33 which is arranged to be positioned in the socket 24. It is to be understood that the shank 33 can only be positioned in the socket 24 in an exact position with respect to the center line 35 which passes through the point of the set screw 25, the socket 24 and the center of. the yoke 30. While the drawing shows this position as radial it'is to be understood that it can be offset or otherwise positioned. In this manner, whenever a sight is taken through the telescope 2| the line of sight will be along a plane which is parallel to the axis of the pipe I5 and in alignment with any predetermined point such as the point 36 on the periphery of the pipe which will move along that plane.
When the clamp 20 has been suitably positioned upon the pipe and the alignment sight taken through the telescope 2| then the target l4 can be removed from the lower portion of the pipe and the pipe moved downwardly in the well bore, it being understood that the present description is given in connection with the lowering of the string of pipe, the operation being reversed in event the pipe is being raised.
As thepipe is to be'lowered the telescope 2| will be removed from its socket but the clamp 20 will remain in its predetermined fixed position on the pipe. As the lowering operation occurs of course the clamp 20 will move down to its position close to the floor of the derrick. Another stage of pipe sections will then be added to the top of the section l5 and another clampingmember identical with the member 20' will be posi- 5 tioned about the upper end of this 'new stage of pipe sections and the telescope 2| having been retained in the upper part of the derrick by the derrick-man is now being positioned in the socket 24 in this second clamp which is being positioned about the upper end of the pipe. In the meantime the target M will be positioned in the first clamp which has been lowered to the derrick floor. The target l4 carries a shank 33 which is identically the same as the shank 33 to which yoke 30 of the sighting device 2| -is attached. In other words, the sighting device 2| and the target M are interchangeable in the clamp so that they can be alternately arranged therein in order to carry the point in alignment along a plane on the pipe.
When the parts are in this position} the sighting device will be moved circumferentially into alignment with the target which is now carried by the first clamp which previously carried the sighting device, whereas the sighting device is now carried by the second clamp. This second clamp is now adjusted circumferentially around the pipe until the sighting device is trained directly on the target I4 and it is then fixed in position. It should be noted that the sighting device need not be exactly vertical but can sight along the line l4 in the plane thereof. This permits the speedy location of the apparatus. .The lowering movement of the pipe is then continued and another stage of pipesections is added with the targetagain being removed from its clamp and the telescope being removed from its clamp so that what was .the upper clamp now moves down to the lower position and the upper clamp moved upwardly to 40 be attached to the pipe the second time. This alternation of clamps and the sighting and target members is continued until the pipe string arrives at the desired elevation in the well bore. At
this time the last clamp which has been afiixed to the pipe indicates exactly to the operator the circumferential position of the plane along which the predetermined point on the periphery of the .pipe has been moved during the lowering movement. In other words, in the example illustrated here the position ofthis last clamp will indicate the normal tothe deflecting face l2 which was selected as being the point which would be carried'along in alignment.
If the deflecting face predetermined position of the compass the entire .pipe string can be rotated through the desired are so as to move this face to its desired position so that the pipe is in this manner oriented in the hole with respect to any desired location and its azimuth is therefore known.
The present means and method is of particular advantage because it is not necessary to spend the time to sight upon a target at'a distance which is diflicult at night and during unsettled weather conditions, neither does it rely upon any particular scale, algebraic computation, angular summation, or any zero object other than the predetermined point which has been selected as being the point which will move in alignment during the movement of the pipe.
The lack of'mathematical calculations on the floor of the derrick with its noise and confusion are of material advantage and tend toward a greater accuracy. The apparatus used is simple" I2 is then to be set atany 55 and economical and can be manipulated by a single operator in the derrick who does the sighting. The use of two telescopes is eliminated and if desired a two-waytelephone or sound equipment may be placed in the derrick for conversation between the workers.
It is to be understood that the clamp, the sighting device and the target may take any particular form or construction because those illustrated in the drawing are merely diagrammatic.
What is claimed is? 1. An apparatus to orient a string of pipe being moved in a bore hole comprising a pair of clamp members, a socket in each member, a sighting device, a target, and means on each, said sighting device and said target so. that they may be disposed in said sockets so that by sighting said device upon said target the two clamp members may be alternately attached to the pipe so that the azimuth of the'original position of the target 'can be ascertained as the sections of pipe are moved longitudinally.
2. In an apparatus for use with a plurality of sections of pipe to be progressively connected or disconnected and moved longitudinally of a bore hole, a means to transfer an original plane of the string of pipe which is being moved which comprises a pair of members adapted to be alternately fixed to the pipe, and means adapted to be removably positioned on said members so that each member when fixed to the pipe can be aligned with the alternate member which has preceded it by sighting along the pipe, said means comprising a sighting device and target therefor.
3. A clamp member for aligning pipe sections comprising a body, means thereon to clamp said body to the pipe, means also on said body to receive an aligning member so that said clamping means may be operated when the body is aligned, and a target device to be disposed in said last means.
4. In the art-of orienting a string of pipe into or out of a well bore which comprises the steps of fixing a target in any desired relative angular position upon the string of pipe, alternately sighting along the pipe from a position on the pipe upon the target, and then reestablishing the position of the target at another position longitudinally along the pipe from which the sight was well bore a plane which has a definite fixed position relative to the string of pipe, which com-.
prises alternately fixing atarget and a sighting device upon the pipe, sighting with the device from a point on the pipe along the pipe so as to reestablish the target on the pipe at each stage in the same vertical plane with respect to the pipe so that at any stage it is known that the.
7 position of the target represents the angular position of the plane with respect to the pipe.
6. A method of orienting a string of pipe into or out of a well bore regardless of any rotation thereof during the raising or lowering thereof pipe from a position on the pipe to a predetermined point also on the pipe so as to position the sighting device upon the pipe in a predetermined plane, and thereafter again sighting along the pipe to transfer the plane to another longitudinally spaced position on the pipe.
7. 'A method of orienting a deflecting tool which is-to be positioned in a bore hole by an operating string of pipe which pipe is made up of sections to be coupled and uncoupled which method comprises the steps of sighting from a point on the pipe along a plane which is normal to the deflecting face of the tool, establishing the which comprises the steps of sighting along the sighting device on the pipe in such plane, and
' thereafter reestablishing the circumferential poat thesurface will indicate the plane of the normal to the face of-the deflecting tool, and rotat-- ing the pipe as a; whole to position'the deflecting face in the desired circumferential'position.
Referenced by
Original Image


text:
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- One who brings meat to the table; hence, in some countries, the official title of the grand master or steward of the king's or a nobleman's household.


text:
mixed media painting: ink, watercolour, acrylic, oil pastel, PVA glue and paper, quite a lot of fun really.
I love your seaboy series! They're really good!!
this is brilliant/you have such talent and am so impressed
thankyou so much Peace and shanghaiwu!
There's such a beutiful innocence to your work. Really stunning!!!
Love him. Again, one of the best images. I love how your dare to let go of reality and it just comes to life in it's own reality.
Thankyou so much Joni and Samantha, yeh in a way seaboy is real to me, he goes out and battles the waves but he never goes under. He is strong and courageous.
fantastic work of art…great style and colour… as with all your art you are very talented…phil
delightful image and style-fine use of color
Thankyou Phil and Joseph, colour is what i love.
love the angle of the boat! Pva glue, what's this new trend that keeps popping up. cool use of mm babe.


text:
Please like my Facebook Page & join me on twitter: edy4sure
Medium: Acrylic & Recycled Plastics
Size: 36″ × 30″
Ground: Boxed canvas
This is another finished painting from one of my 'travelling/homesick sketches'. While studying a sketch, I noticed that it had a familiar scene of me approaching home and suddenly experiencing that sense of joy, elation and, warmth. Knowing that I was drawing closer to see those that I love and thanking God for making it possible for me to do so. My eyes see the animals, the homes, the grass… I smell the grass, feel it brush my feet as I walk closer. I hear birds, the goats, sheep and, children playing in the distance. And my heart, body and, soul blends into this rhythm… and then suddenly, I know, I feel, I am… home.
47 favorites & 590 as of 28-08-2011… :)
Favorited 52 times & 673 views as at 13/07/2011 :)
Just love the blues in this!
Thanks Marriet. This is the main color I 'feel' when painting scenes that remind me of home :)
– edy4sure
Just amazing love it! :))
Thanks Sue:)
– edy4sure
I love it too!
Thank you Val, I'm happy you do :)
– edy4sure
All I can say is wow! Thanks RobynLee. I only joined you guys today! I feel so honoured :)
– edy4sure
really like this, well done
Thanks a million Adam!
– edy4sure
beautiful artwork! l loved that
Emel you (& all fellow RB's) make all the work worth it, thank you :)
– edy4sure
Oh my goodness!!! I adore your work. Your description is fantastic and I admire your use of fabulous, pure, rich colour.
Thanks Lynda :)
– edy4sure
Oh wow again! I am truly honored & Inspired! Thank you so much!
– edy4sure
Id be hard pressed to pick a favourite but this really speaks to me….i could stare for hours. You sir, are FANTASTIC
And you are even more so amazing! :)
– edy4sure
wonderful painting!!!
Nice of you to drop by, Hidemi San! And thank you for the comment, it means a lot to me :D
– edy4sure


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Is this really an out of place poison sumac?
Closest match I've found for this plant is poison sumac, except that it's west of it's normal range (north Texas) and is thriving in a hot, dry strip rather than the moist spot they're supposed to prefer. It has nice fall color, so am hoping it is something else. Any other ideas? Thanks!
Thanks for the replies.
Ailanthus was a close resemblance I hadn't considered; though am ruling out because references say it has little or no fall color.
Agree with rugbyhukr that the margins are too smooth for one of the Sumacs native to our region. Could this be a seedling thing where the serrated edges appear on later sets of leaves?
Yes, I'm asking about it because it does need to be moved. Question is whether to put in the trash or pot it to see what develops. Suppose I'm too wimpy to try a skin test.
This post was edited by bostedo on Thu, Feb 14, 13 at 13:46
Here's a photo of the buds from Feb 14th; one month after the initial photo where it still had it's leaves. Sorry about the fuzzy spots, couldn't figure out how to coax better depth of field out of our old Nikon automatic at this distance.
Just my opinion, but that bark looks much more like Rhus than Toxicodendron vernix. Look at all those lenticels which are much more characteristic of Rhus, but I don't know that the leaf scars are right ...
This link has great bud pictures of both Rhus, Toxicodendron and others.
Here is a link that might be useful: Winter buds
Thanks for the great reference on winter buds! "Shield-shaped" leaf scar seems to be one key characteristic differentiating Toxicondendron from Rhus in the examples, so take this as another solid indication it's poison sumac. The lenticels on the plant in question are also very similar to those in the Toxicondendron vernix photo on page 10 of the linked article. Guess I'd better go find some disposable gloves to pick up those fallen leaves.
This post was edited by bostedo on Fri, Feb 15, 13 at 0:09


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Corona® Commercial-grade Professional Loppers
Lightweight, extremely durable Corona® loppers have fully heat-treated forged steel alloy blades cut effortlessly and are resharpenable and replaceable. Precision-machined, self-aligning pivot bolt keeps the tool in-line for life. Feature improved locking nuts for easier blade adjustments in the field. Lightweight, high-strength aluminum handles with cushion bumpers. 2-1/4" cutting capacity. Imported. Specify overall length from drop down box above.
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Wicked Awesome Loppers
By Double D
from Boston, MA
About Me Avid Gardener
Best Uses
Comments about Corona® Commercial-grade Professional Loppers:
I tend to cut larger things than the product is rated for, but so far it has performed well!
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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