text:
This invention provides improved prepregs for producing laminates and improved laminates using such prepregs. Processes for producing the prepregs and the laminates are also provided. Processes for producing the prepreg include the steps of providing a dipping solution or suspension comprising a polynorbornene polymer, a polyolefin polymer derived from C2 -C4 monomers, and a solvent followed by impregnating a non-cellulosic cloth with the solution. The solvent is removed from the cloth to form the prepreg. Printed circuit boards are also provided by a process which includes the steps of providing such a prepreg and pretreating the surface of a conductive film with a solution of a silane compound, effective to increase the bond strength between the copper foil and the prepreg, followed by laminating the prepreg to the conductive film.
1. A printed circuit wiring board comprising at least one layer formed of a woven or non-woven, noncellulosic cloth impregnated with a polymer blend comprising at least one polynorbornene and at least one polyolefin derived from C2 -C4 monomers.
2. A printed circuit wiring board of claim 1 wherein the non-cellulosic cloth is woven or non-woven fiberglass.
3. A printed circuit wiring board of claim 1 wherein the polynorbornene polymers are derived from vinylnorbornene monomers polymerized with either methyltetracyclododecene or dicyclopentadiene monomers.
4. A printed wiring board of claim 1 further comprising a conductive film comprising copper or a metal with a copper surface layer, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, silver, gold, aluminum, platinum, titanium, zinc, bronze and chromium.
5. A printed wiring board of claim 1 wherein the non-cellulosic cloth is pretreated with a styryl diamino silane.
6. A printed circuit wiring board of claim 1 wherein the polyolefin polymer is polyethylene.
7. A printed circuit wiring board of claim 6 wherein the polynorbornenes and polyethylene are present in a weight-to-weight ratio of about 1:1.
8. A printed circuit wiring board of claim 1 wherein said non-cellulosic cloth contains from about 40% to about 70%, by weight, of polymer blend, based on the total weight of cloth and polymer blend.
9. A process for producing a prepreg having a low dielectric constant comprising:
(a) providing a solution comprising a polynorbornene polymer dissolved in a solution, a polyolefin polymer derived from C2 -C4 monomers in solution or suspension form, and a solvent;
(b) impregnating a non-cellulosic cloth with said solution; and
(c) substantially removing the solvent from the solution impregnated within the non-cellulosic cloth.
10. A process of claim 9 wherein the ratio of polynorbornene polymer to polyolefin polymer is about 1:1, by weight.
11. A process of claim 9 wherein the non-cellulosic cloth comprises glass fibers.
12. A process of claim 11 wherein the glass fibers are impregnated with polymers in an amount of from about 40% to about 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnated fibers.
13. A process of claim 9 wherein the polynorbornene polymer is derived from cycloolefin monomers selected from methyltetracyclododecene, vinylnorbornene and dicyclopentadiene.
14. A process of claim 9 wherein the solution further comprises a curing agent which initiates radical crosslinking and wherein step (c) is conducted at a temperature below the activation temperature of said curing agent.
15. A process of claim 9 wherein the polyolefin polymer is polyethylene.
16. A prepreg of claim 9.
17. A process of producing a printed circuit wiring board, comprising:
(a) providing a solution comprising a polynorbornene polymer dissolved in the solution, a polyolefin polymer derived from a C2 -C4 monomer in solution or suspension form, and a solvent;
(b) impregnating a non-cellulosic cloth with said solution and removing the solvent from the cloth to provide a prepreg;
(c) pretreating the surface of a conductive film with a solution of a silane compound effective to increase the bond strength between the conductive film and the prepreg; and
(d) laminating and curing the prepreg to the conductive film, at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polynorbornene and, when a curing agent is present, sufficiently high to activate said curing agent.
18. A process of claim 17 wherein the conductive film comprises copper.
19. A process of claim 18 wherein the copper film is provided with a bronze coating.
20. A process of claim 17 wherein said polyolefin is polyethylene.
21. A process of claim 17, wherein the ratio of polynorbornene to polyolefin is about 1:1, by weight.
22. A process of claim 17 wherein the non-cellulosic cloth comprises glass fibers.
23. A process of claim 22 wherein the glass cloth is impregnated with the polymers in an amount of from about 40% to about 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the prepreg.
24. A process of claim 17 wherein the polynorbornene polymer is unsaturated and is derived from a cycloolefin monomer selected from methyltetracyclododecene, vinyl-norbornene and dicyclopentadiene.
25. A process of claim 17 wherein the dipping solution further comprises a curing agent which initiates radical crosslinking and wherein step (c) is conducted at a temperature below the activation temperature of said curing agent.
26. A process of claim 17 wherein the silane is selected from the group consisting of
3-(N-styrylmethyl-2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride,
3-(N-allyl-2-aminoethylamino)-propyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride,
N-(styrylmethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride,
N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and
3-(N-Benzyl-2-aminoethylamino)-propyltrimethoxy silane hydrochloride.
27. A process of claim 17 wherein the laminating step is performed at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polynorbornene polymer.
28. A process of claim 17 wherein the laminating step is performed at between ambient temperature and about 250� C.
29. A process of claim I7 further comprising placing two or more prepregs in a stacking sequence with copper layers at the outside of the stack.
30. A printed circuit wiring board produced by the process of claim 17.
31. A printed wiring board of claim 30 wherein the conductive layer is coated with a silane selected from the group consisting of
3-(N-styrylmethyl-2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride,
3-(N-allyl-2-aminoethylamino)-propyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride,
N-(styrylmethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride,
2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and
3-(N-benzyl-2-aminoethylamino)-propyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride.
The present invention relates to improved prepregs and methods of producing them. In particular, the invention relates to improved printed circuit wiring boards having a low dielectric constant prepared from such prepregs, and to methods for producing such printed circuit wiring boards.
Conventional printed circuit wiring boards are prepared from "prepregs" which, in turn, are typically prepared by pretreating a cloth substrate, e.g., a fiberglass cloth substrate, with a polymer resin, as by dipping in a solution of resin. The resin is selected so as to provide good strength and low dielectric constant. The solution is then dried to remove the solvent and provide a resin-impregnated prepreg or substrate. Advantageously, the glass substrate is treated with a silane compound to promote adhesion between the substrate and the resin. Such laminates are compared in the market place for such factors as dielectric constant, dissipation factor, chemical resistance, peel strength, solder bath resistance (resistance to delamination when immersed in molten solder), warping and punchability. It is particularly desirable that the dielectric constant of such laminates be low. Accordingly, skilled workers increasingly seek to lower the dielectric constant of such laminates and increase the bond strength between laminations.
CA 106:51353g discloses laminated printed circuit boards having good heat resistance and low dielectric constant comprising non-woven glass fabric impregnated with polybutadiene and diallyl phthalate.
Fibrous materials, e.g., cellulosic and fiberglass woven materials, have long been used to reinforce polymer substrates. It is also known that silane coupling agents can be applied directly to glass filaments to improve the flexural strength of laminates prepared from glass cloth impregnated with polymeric resins. Typical strength increases can be as much as 300% for compression molded test samples. Silane coupling agents have also been employed with the minerals which are used as reinforcing fillers in composites to increase strength, hardness, modulus, heat distortion and impact strength. Fiberglass cloth is typically treated with an aqueous coupling agent.
In the preparation of printed circuit wiring boards using prepregs, two or more prepregs, prepared as discussed above, are pressed together to form an insulating layer for a printed circuit wiring board. To provide the conductive layer, one or more layers of a conductive film, e.g., a copper film, are placed on the outside of the prepregs and laminated to the prepregs at the same time the prepregs are laminated to each other. Alternatively, the conductive film can be applied by vapor deposition, electroplating, sputtering, ion plating, spraying and layering. Typical metals employed include copper, nickel, tin, silver, solder, gold, aluminum, platinum, titanium, zinc and chrome, with copper being used most often in printed wiring boards.
A problem associated with such constructions is the difficulty in applying conductive films so that they bond well to the surface of the prepreg. In fact, prior workers have not been able to form a complete bond having excellent bond strength between the metallic layer and the substrate, and subsequently good solder resistance.
Silane compounds have found wide acceptability for improving adhesion between different substrates. Silane coupling agents modify the interface between metal or mineral surfaces and organic resins to improve adhesion between the surface and the resin. The physical properties and water resistance of the reinforced resins are thereby improved. It is believed that silane coupling agents form bonds with metal surfaces through the silane functional group. The hydrolyzed silanes will condense to oligomeric siloxanols and eventually to rigid cross-linked structures. Contact with a polymer matrix should take place while the siloxanols still have some solubility. Bonding to a polymer matrix may take different forms or a combination of forms. Bonding may be covalent where the oligomeric siloxanol is compatible with the liquid matrix resin. The solutions might also form an interpenetrating polymer network as the siloxanols and the resin separately cure with only limited copolymerization.
Prepregs composed of copolymers have been employed in the past. For example, CA 106:51353g discloses printed circuit laminates comprising 1,2-polybutadiene and diallyl phthalate or polymers thereof.
CA 106: 51354h discloses adhesive compositions employing isobutylene-maleic anhydride-styrene terpolymers.
It is well known that not all silanes or mixtures of silanes will bond all metals to all substrates. McGee, 4,315,970, states that "it is generally accepted that specific silanes can be used for adhesion of specific materials to specific substrates. That is, the silane must be matched to the application and it cannot be assumed that all silanes will work in all applications." Therefore, the suitability of a silane bonding agent in improving adhesion of a metal to a substrate is unpredictable and it must be determined by experimentation.
While suitable coupling agents are commercially available for bonding of many common plastics with a variety of metals, the application of silane coupling agents for bonding of polynorbornenes to metals is not previously known. Norbornene type monomers are polymerized by either a ring-opening mechanism or by an addition reaction wherein the cyclic ring structure remains intact. Ring-opening polymerizations are discussed with greater particularity in U.S. 4,136,247 and 4,178,424, assigned to the same assignee as the present invention and incorporated herein by reference for their discussion of such polymerizations. Ring-opening polymerization generally yields unsaturated linear polymers while addition polymerization yields polycycloaliphatics. It is desirable to produce polymers having high molecular weight monomers incorporated therein to provide good temperature resistance, i.e., high heat distortion temperatures and high glass transition temperatures.
The invention provides printed circuit wiring boards, prepregs for making such boards, and processes for producing such prepregs and boards (laminates).
The prepregs of this invention comprise a core formed of a mixture of polynorbornene and polyolefin derived from C2 -C4 monomers, with reinforcing material, e.g., glass fiber cloth. In one aspect of this invention, they are prepared by providing a dipping solution comprising a polynorbornene dissolved in a solvent and polyolefin dissolved or suspended in a solvent. A non-cellulosic cloth is then impregnated with the dipping solution and the solvent is removed to form a prepreg. The prepreg can be employed to produce a printed circuit wiring board. In another aspect of the invention, the surface of a conductive film is pretreated with a solution of a silane compound effective to increase the bond strength between the conductive foil and the prepreg. The prepreg is then laminated to the conductive film across the surface of the pretreated film to form a printed circuit wiring board. The resultant wiring boards have excellent inter-layer adhesion and a dielectric constant of about 2.8 when using E-type glass fiber cloth. Particularly preferred polyolefins comprise polyethylene.
This invention provides prepregs and laminates prepared from such prepregs. For example, the invention provides printed wiring boards having superior dielectric properties. The prepregs comprise fiberglass cloth reinforced with resins, and in particular, a mixture of a polynorbornene and a polyolefin. The printed circuit wiring boards comprise at least one of such prepregs, preferably more than one, laminated together with at least one layer of metallic film or foil. Preferably the metallic film is a copper foil which has been pretreated with an adhesion promotion agent. Silane compounds are particularly preferred adhesion promotion agents.
The prepregs are derived from a dipping solution which comprises norbornene polymers dissolved in a solvent and polyolefin polymers dissolved or suspended in a solvent. The polyolefin polymers are fully conventional. Suitable polyolefins include polyolefins derived from monomers containing from 2-4 carbon atoms. For example, polyethylene (polyethene), polybutylene (polybutene) and polypropylene (polypropene) are particularly suitable polyolefins. Polyethylene is particularly preferred. However, throughout the specification, polyethylene is used in an illustrative sense. Thus, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily comprehend that polypropylene and polybutylene can readily be interchanged for polyethylene. Moreover, mixtures of the various polyolefins can be employed as well.
The polynorbornene polymers are obtained from metathesis ring-opening polymerization of cycloolefin monomers having a norbornene functional group.
These cycloolefin monomers are characterized by the presence of at least one norbornene moiety identified below, in its structure: ##STR1## Suitable cycloolefin monomers include substituted and unsubstituted norbornenes, dicyclopentadienes, dihydrodicyclopentadienes, trimers of cyclopentadiene, tetracyclododecenes, hexacycloheptadecenes, ethylidenyl norbornenes and vinylnorbornenes. Substituents on the cycloolefin monomers include hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and saturated and unsaturated cyclic groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms which can be formed with one or more, preferably two, ring carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment, the substituents are selected from hydrogen and alkyl groups of 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Generally speaking, the substituents on the cycloolefin monomers can be any which do not poison or deactivate the polymerization catalyst. Examples of the preferred monomers referred to herein include
and other norbornene monomers such as
5-ethylidenyl-2-norbornene (or5-ethylidene-norbornene),
tricyclopentadiene (or cyclopentadiene trimer),
tetracyclopentadiene (or cyclopentadiene tetramer),
dihydrodicyclopentadiene (or cyclopentenecyclopentadiene co-dimer),
methyl-cyclopentadiene dimer,
ethyl-cyclopentadiene dimer,
9-methyl-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6, 02,7 ]dodecene-4, (or methyl-tetracyclododecene)
9-ethyl-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6, 02,7 ]dodecene-4, (or ethyl-tetracyclododecene)
9-propyl-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6, 02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9-hexyl-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6, 02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9-decyl-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6, 02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9,10-dimethyl-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6 02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9-methy1,10-ethyl-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6 02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9-cyclohexyl-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6, 02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9-chloro-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6, 02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9-bromo-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6,02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9-fluoro-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6,02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9-isobutyl-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6,02,7 ]dodecene-4,
9,10-dichloro-tetracyclo[6,2,1,13,6, 02,7 ]dodecene-4.
This invention especially contemplates the use of one or more monomers so as to provide either homopolymers or copolymers upon polymerization. Copolymers are defined as polymers composed of two or more monomers.
Other monomers can form part of the polynorbornenes such as non-conjugated acyclic olefins, monocyclic olefins and diolefins. The non-conjugated acyclic olefins act as chain terminators. Hexene-1 is preferred while 1-butene, 2-pentene, 4-methyl-2-pentene, and 5- (-N ethyl-3-octene are suitable also. They are typically used at a molar ratio of 0.001:1 to 0.5:1 acyclic olefin to cycloolefin monomer.
The polynorbornenes used in forming the printed wire boards of the present invention are obtained by solution polymerization in the presence of a catalyst, and preferably a co-catalyst. For solution polymerization, the catalyst preferably comprises molybdenum or tungsten salts and the co-catalyst preferably comprises dialkylaluminum halides, alkylaluminum dihalides, alkylalkoxy halides or a mixture of trialkylaluminum with an iodine source.
Examples of useful molybdenum and tungsten salts include the halides such as chlorides, bromides, iodides, and fluorides. Specific examples of such halides include molybdenum pentachloride, molybdenum hexachloride, molybdenum pentabromide, molybdenum hexabromide, molybdenum pentaiodide, molybdenum hexafluoride, tungsten hexachloride, tungsten hexafluoride and the like. Other representative salts include those of acetylacetonates, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, and the like. Mixtures of salts can also be used. The more preferred salts are the molybdenum halides, especially molybdenum pentahalides such as MoCl5.
Specific examples of co-catalysts for ring-opening solution polymerization include alkyl-aluminum halides such as ethylaluminum sesquichloride, diethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum iodide, ethylaluminum diiodide, propylaluminum diiodide and ethylpropylaluminum iodide and a mixture of triethylaluminum and elemental iodine.
For solution polymerization, the molybdenum or tungsten salt is generally employed at a level from about 0.01 to about 50 millimoles per mole of total monomer, preferably from about 0.5 to about 10 millimoles per mole of total monomer and, the organoaluminum compounds described above are generally used in a molar ratio of organoaluminum compound to molybdenum and/or tungsten salt(s) of from about 10/1 to about 1/3 preferably from about 5/1 to about 3/1. Both catalyst and co-catalyst for solution polymerization are normally added after the heating and at the time of polymerization.
Suitable solvents used for the solution polymerization and in forming the dipping solution include aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon solvents containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as cyclohexane, cyclooctane and the like; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents containing 6 to 14 carbon atoms which are liquid or easily liquified such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like; and substituted hydrocarbons wherein the substituents are inert such as dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and the like. Optionally present within the dipping solution are curing agents which initiate radical crosslinking such as the peroxides, di-t-butyl peroxide, or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)-hexyne-3. Antioxidants such as hindered phenol antioxidants (Ethyl 330) and polyunsaturated monomeric or oligomeric crosslinkers such as trimethylol propane triacrylate are also optional. The dipping solution has a solids content of preferably about 10% to about 40%. Dipping solutions having concentrations both above and below this range can be used in forming the laminates of the invention.
The polyolefin is added to the dipping solution. Preferably it is added in powdered form. For example, polyethylene powder can be employed. Particularly suitable polyethylenes include MICROTHENE FN 524 and MICROTHENE FN 510, available from USI. It is also possible to employ polyolefin powder prepared from ground or otherwise finely divided polyolefin pellets. Powder particle sizes of 100 micron (0.1 mm) size or less are especially suitable. The polyethylene component is fully conventional, readily available and well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Other polyolefins are also fully conventional, readily available, and well known.
Polynorbornene copolymers can be employed as the polynorbornene component. Preferred copolymers include, in a weight to weight ratio, those of 50% to 75% methyltetracyclododecene, to 25% to 50% vinylnorbornenes, based on the total amount of poly-norbornene-type polymer employed. Most preferably, 75% to 90% methyltetracyclo-dodecene to 10% to 25% vinylnorbornene, based on the total weight of norbornene-type polymer is employed.
The polynorbornene-polyolefin blend is preferably employed in a weight ratio of from about 40:60 to about 90:10 of polynorbornene to polyolefin, more preferably from 45:55 to 65:35 polynorbornene to polyolefin. Blends of 50% polynorbornene and 50% polyolefin (1:1) have been found particularly suitable.
Preferably, from about 40 wt.% to about 75 wt.% of polymer blend versus glass, based on the weight of finished prepreg, is present in the prepreg. More preferably from about 55 wt.% to about 70 wt.% is employed. Most preferably, about 65 wt.% polymer blend versus glass is employed based on the weight of the finished dry prepreg.
The dipping solution, or suspension when the polyolefin is in a dispersed form, is impregnated into a non-cellulosic cloth, such as fiberglass to form a substrate layer, often referred to as a prepreg. The cloth may be woven or non-woven. Many glass cloth materials having a variety of surface characteristics are available commercially. In the present invention E-type fiberglass cloth, style 2116, having a surface finish type 642 or 627 made by Burlington Industries is preferred. The glass cloth may be pretreated with a silane solution. A preferred class of pretreating agents is the styryl diamino silanes. This non-cellulosic cloth is impregnated by immersing it in the dipping solution, or suspension when the polyolefin is present in dispersed form, of the polynorbornene diluted in an organic solvent. This can be accomplished at ambient temperatures or at the temperatures above or below ambient temperatures.
The prepreg so produced is typically dried at temperatures between ambient temperature and about 150 C. At the final stages of drying the temperature is preferably maintained above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer to permit the solvent to diffuse out. If curing agents are present, the temperature is kept sufficiently low to prevent activation of the radical crosslinking.
Under typical conditions, for example, when a high molecular weight C2 -C4 polymer is employed, it is not dissolved by the solvent of the dipping solution, but is suspended therein. For example, under most cases, the MICROTHENE powders employed form a suspension. Once impregnated into the prepreg and dried, the prepreg could show some opacity due to phase separation of the polymer components. Typical curing conditions involve placing the dried prepreg in a 180.C. oven and raising the temperature from 180� C. to 220� C. over a 25 minute period. The prepreg is then maintained at 220� C. for another 25 minutes. Under these conditions, the C2 -C4 polyolefin phase is melted, and instead of the two-phase mixture which was present before curing, one phase develops. Subsequently, during final curing, a crosslinked product develops.
Commercially, the drying is conducted in a continuous drying system, for example, a continuous drying tower as part of a treater having a temperature gradient from room temperature up to 220� C. Treaters are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, are fully conventional (they are employed in the production of conventional epoxy prepregs), and can be readily employed in the process of this invention, perhaps with a few routine optimization experiments.
The laminates produced by the present invention incorporate a conductive film such as copper foil. This copper foil can be the surface layer of other metallic films. The copper surface layer is pretreated with a silane solution which increases the bond strength between the substrate and the copper surface layer. Preferably, copper foil of the type manufactured for printed wiring boards with a matte side for lamination to a prepreg is pretreated with such a solution of silane coupling agent before being laminated to the prepreg. Such copper foils are typically about 35 microns thick and have a dendritic bronze matte surface.
According to the present invention several silanes were found to be preferred for bonding substrate layers of polynorbornene impregnated glass to copper layers. The silane coupling agent is preferably in solution at concentrations ranging from about 1% to 10% by weight. Suitable silanes include:
3-(N-styrylmethyl-2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride,
3-(N-allyl-2-aminoethylamino)-propyltrimethoxy-silane hydrochloride,
N-(styrylmethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride,
N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and
3-(N-Benzyl-2-aminoethylamino)-propyltrimethoxy silane hydrochloride.
The laminates, such as printed wire boards, are finished by laminating the pretreated conductive layer to the substrate layer (prepreg). Lamination is accomplished in a heated press using pressures above about 700 psi, preferably above 1000-1100 psi and at temperatures between ambient temperature and 250� C., but preferably between 170� C. and 190� C. Preferably the temperature is above the glass transition temperature of the polynorbornene and sufficiently high to activate any peroxide curing agents. At such temperatures, any peroxide curing agent present in the polymer releases an oxygen free-radical which causes crosslinking. Crosslinking provides strength and chemical resistance to the boards. Generally a stack of prepregs may be pressed between a pair of pretreated copper foils. The pretreated bronze side of the copper foil is placed in contact with the prepreg.
The following examples are provided to illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure to the embodiments exemplified therein. All percentages are by weight unless specified otherwise.
An unsaturated polynorbornene polymer was obtained in the following manner. Into a septum-capped vessel containing 30 g. of molecular sieves were added 81 g. of dry toluene, 10.22 g. of methyl tetracyclododecene, 5.73 g. vinyl norbornene and 4.90 g. hexene-1. The contents were mixed and this mixture was allowed to stand 30 minutes, then transferred to a second vessel by passing it through a micron filter under nitrogen pressure. The vessel was slightly pressurized with nitrogen. To the mixture 0.23 cc of a 25% solution of ethyl-aluminum-sesquichloride (EASC cocatalyst) in dry toluene were introduced by syringe. To this mixture, 1.65 cc of a solution of 2 g. of molybdenum pentachloride catalyst in 39 g. of dry ethylacetate and 84 g. of dry toluene, were also introduced by syringe. Within one minute, an exothermic reaction of the mixture resulted and the mixture became a viscous liquid. After 15 minutes, 60 cc of a 88/12 (wt/wt) mixture of 2-propanol and water was added to the vessel and the contents shaken to inactivate the catalyst. The top layer containing mostly solvents, residual monomers and low molecular weight polymers was poured off. The semisolid bottom layer was redissolved in 100 cc of toluene, washed with water and dried by azeotropic distillation of part of the solvent.
Polymerization was found to be 91% conversion of monomer as calculated by measuring the percent weight solids of the resulting polymer solution. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was found to be 118� C. in the second heat, as calculated from a Differential Scanning Calorimetry curve of a sample of the polymer that was diluted in toluene, precipitated into methanol with stirring, filtered and dried.
A dipping solution or suspension, to obtain prepregs, was prepared from the polymer solution above as follows. The polymer solution was dissolved in toluene containing 3.5 p.h.r. (parts per hundred resin) LUPERSOL 130 peroxide (LUPERSOL 130 is a trademark of Lucidol, Division of Penwalt Corp.). To this solution a polyethylene fine powder was added (MICROTHENE FN 524 from USI of a melt index of 57 and density 0.925). The amount of polyethylene employed was equal to the amount of polynorbornene employed. An E-type glass cloth, Style 2116 having 642 finish (product of Burlington Industries) was impregnated with dipping solution and dried at room temperature until it was tack-free. The resulting prepreg was then transferred to a mechanical convection oven where drying was continued at successively higher temperatures, i.e., for 15 minutes at 50� C., 15 minutes at 100� C. and 20 minutes at 130� C. The value for polymer uptake versus glass was 65.8.
A commercially available electrodeposited copper foil (product of Gould, Inc.) typically used for fabricating general purpose epoxy printed wiring boards was prepared for laminating to the prepreg. The foil, as purchased, weighed 1 oz. per ft.2, was 35 microns thick and had a roughened matte bronze surface on one side. The treatment method used to roughen the surface is proprietary to Gould, Inc. Such copper foils are preferred, but not essential to the performance of the invention.
The copper foil was dipped in a 10% solution of 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (a product of Petrarch Systems, Inc.) in methanol for 30 minutes and was allowed to air dry at room temperature for 15 minutes, then transferred to an oven where drying was completed at 105� C. for 5 minutes.
Two plies of prepregs were laminated and cured between pretreated copper foils at from 180� C. to 220� C. and 1,000 pounds of pressure per square inch for 30 minutes to provide a laminate. The increase in temperature was gradual at about 2 degrees per minute.
The laminate exhibited a dielectric constant at 1 MHz of about 2.8 using E-type glass as measured on an electric bridge. (A Gen Rad 1687-B Megahertz LC Digibridge.)
Example 1 was repeated except the polymer employed was 100% polynorbornene polymer described in Step 1. The laminate exhibited a dielectric constant of 3.1.
Example 1 was repeated except that the C2 -C4 polyolefin employed was MICROTHENE FN 510 (melt index 4.5; density 0.924). There was a 69.7% uptake of polymer blend by the glass cloth during the prepregging stage. The laminate exhibited a dielectric constant of 2.8.
Example 3 was repeated in the absence of polyolefin, i.e., the polymer employed was 100% polynorbornene copolymer described in Example 1, Step 1. The prepreg had a polymer uptake of 70% versus glass and the resulting laminate exhibited a dielectric constant of 3.14.
While this invention has been disclosed in this specification by reference to the details of preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that this disclosure is intended in an illustrative sense rather than in a limiting sense, as it is contemplated that modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art, within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
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30MARCHINDO-BRAZIL Bilateral International Workshop on Research Issues in Reinforced materials RIM 15 – 30 March 2015
26-27MARCH 2015National Safety Day Celebration and National Level Workshop Organized by Department of Mechanical Engineering
24FEBRARUY 2015"INFOSPARKS 2K15″ Technical Symposium Organized by Department of Information Technology
24MARCH 2015One Day National Conference Organized by Department of Civil Engineering in association with Cafet Innova Technical Society,Hyderabad.
Admission Toll Free Nos: Tamilnadu – 1800 425 7884 Other States – 1800 425 9395
Genesis of KLU
- Started as Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Engineering in 1984 by Kalasalingam and Anandam Ammal Charities.
- Govt. of Tamil Nadu granted permanent approval and Madurai Kamaraj University has given permanent affiliation.
- Ranked among top 5 engineering colleges affiliated to Anna University, Tamil Nadu.
- UGC Approval under section 2(f) and 12(b).
- Accredited by National Board of Accreditation for all UG ProgrammesObtained ISO Certification by RWTUV, Germany.
- Located in the most backward rural area providing technical knowledge to the downtrodden people as pointed out by our Hon'ble Prime Minister of India.
- Received Deemed to be University status in October 2006 and Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (KARE) started functioning from the academic year 2007-08.
- Ranked 7th in terms of Quantity and Quality Research output among Private Universities in the Country-as per SIR World Report
- Research H index of University is 35.


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WikiLeaks and its founder Julian Assange are under fire. About a week ago, Assange turned himself in to British authorities. He is wanted in Sweden for a sex crimes investigation and is now embroiled in a legal battle to secure bail and fight extradition.
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Inside Story, with presenter Folly Bah Tibault, asks: Who controls the flow of information on the internet? Who sets the rules and under what terms?Joining the programme are Barry Fox, an internet security and technology analyst in London, Bill Dutton, the director of Oxford Internet Institute and a professor of internet studies at Oxford University, and Pavan Duggal, a cyber law expert in New Delhi.
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WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange spends at least one more night in jail while Swedish authorities challenge his bail.
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We stayed in 2 caravans for a midweek break for New Year. They were certainly not new but were spotlessly clean and well maintained and the bedding was lovely. The first morning... read more
We stayed in 2 caravans for a midweek break for New Year. They were certainly not new but were spotlessly clean and well maintained and the bedding was lovely. The first morning... read more
We used to have a caravan on here, big mistake, ripped off when upgraded, money went missing, ground rent doubled, told if we didn't like it we didn't have to stay, left when gas bottles ran out and 70% of the parks water supply was frozen, anyway still have friends who live on here so decided to risk it and... More
After spending over £25000 with the park in 2 years staying there ourselves or family and friends staying whilst visiting us I feel saddened to have to write this review .....infact shocked and saddened . THE GOOD 2 members off reception staff Chloe and Shona are a real asset to the company and we have learnt if you want something... More
We stayed in 2 caravans for a midweek break for New Year. They were certainly not new but were spotlessly clean and well maintained and the bedding was lovely. The first morning we woke up to no water but after a quick call to security, the maintenance team came and defrosted the pipes. Even though it was cold outside for... More
Booked in for 4 nights New Year's Eve 2014, thought we would indulge in one of the lodges as shown on the website, we booked 3 lodges between 3 families, imagine our disappointment when we opened the door to a dirty smelly lodge that in no way resembled the one advertised, I called reception and explained that on our booking... More
I really enjoyed my time at Billing, it was fun and great value for everybody, however it should have more toilets, we struggled to find any, however, apart from that my time there was amazing, fun and all great value for your money.
Thank you for your comments. We agree that we do have a fun filled park and we have a fabulous range of events and activities planned for 2015. There are several toilet and shower blocks on the park but at quieter periods we may close some but this information is available from our reception staff. We constantly aim to offer... More
very large camp site,but needs more toilets and washing up facilities. the fair closes far too early, and you can't leave things out side your van, it will go missing.
Drove in to meet friends so didn't stay on site this time. The campsite itself was quite busy but that was because of the impending Bonfire and Firework night.
Our trip to billing started without a hitch, rang up got a pitch turned up got tickets and directions from the great girls, the only downside was the food in the entertainment hub, twice we send the burnt offerings back, the manager was lovely about it a dealt with it how I would wish to be treated, the only issue... More
we stayed here from the 12 sep for 3 nights .where do I start girls on the reception were great really helpful ..and the caravan was spotless and that's were the nice bits stop the caravan was really far away from everything and instead of every amenities being in the middle they were scattered all over the camp site ..one... More
My mate and i with our two boys had the pleasure of visiting Billing in August for five days. We had such a great time camping and the boys loved the car show and the fair. I visited some twenty years ago and was pleasantly surprised how the facilities had changed and how they catered for everyone. The service in... More
Good Afternoon Andy We are delighted that you had a wonderful stay with us, and your comments regarding Emma will be passed onto the managemnt team . We look foprward to welcoming you back soon More
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Was thinking of going in July or August and taking our granddaughter who is 10 all I want to know is the caravans clean and the food on site is it good and is the swimming pool good as she is an avid swimmer , and is there plenty to do on site and surrounding area of Northampton if someone could let me know I would be very greatfull thank you


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Stadshypotek AB mortgage financial services. The Company offers mortgages for single-family houses, housing co-operative apartments, second homes, and agricultural and forestry properties, as well as for multi-family dwellings, commercial properties, and office buildings.
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Phone: 46-8-701-54-00
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Hello everyone! Sorry again for the late postings! Germany was really something else, it was a short time but I loved it. The first day, I spent in the closest city our ship was docked in, Rostock. This was a beautiful port city which is most known for it's university (I never actually got the name.) After taking the train from Warnemunde (where our ship was docked) we walked around the city in the morning and had lunch in an authentic German restaurant. I ate the best ...
Taxi ride from Viking descendant. arrived at the star studded cruiser, passing towns from Denmark to Wernamude, Germany. Multi ethnic cruisers, met Bostonians, gal discussed football with C thru entire fire drill. At Show encouraged an Asian couple to dance, they bowed good night to us. Late nite listening to Motown, Great dinner and wine- now this is more like ...
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... catch the #5 or #6 tram. But where were they? We finally got directions from a train crew member, and from then on, had no more problems getting to the Rathaus (City Hall) square.
The city hall was old and pink.
It faced into a cobblestone plaza known as Neuer Markt (New Market Square) where a farmers' market was set up, selling fruits, vegetables, and even flowers.
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Whether you are thinking about investing in commercial real estate on the Emerald Coast to diversify your portfolio, create wealth,or provide a passive income stream for retirement, NBI Properties has developed successful strategies and tips to help you be successful. Keep these tips in mind and you will be well on your way to reaping the benefits of your investments.
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5. Stock advisors never recommend putting all of your eggs in one basket, and this advice also applies to commercial real estate. If you've experienced success as a residential investor, hang on to some of your holdings in residential. Whether you're investing in stocks or real estate, savvy investors always aim for a diversified portfolio.


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Copley Place
If you're planning to gift your loved ones with designer duds from names like Neiman (Marcus), Louis (Vuitton) and Tiffany (& Co.), you'll probably find yourself at Copley Place. Located in the middle of Back Bay, it's easy to find something worthy nearby. Toast your shopping with a cocktail at Bar 10, a hushed hideaway in the Westin Copley Place. Just around the corner is Turner Fisheries, regularly ranked among the city's top seafood spots; trade surf for turf at Fogo de Chao, the Boston outpost of the upscale Brazilian steakhouse chain (pictured). And the entrance to Neiman Marcus is right next door to The Salty Pig, a hip charcuterie-focused bistro.


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AMR Corp., the parent company of American Airlines, reported a profit of $8 million for the first quarter, excluding reorganization charges and special items. "For the first time in six years, we produced a first-quarter profit, excluding reorganization items and special charges, and our fourth consecutive quarterly operating profit," AMR Chairman and CEO Tom Horton said. "And the momentum is building."
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We are a biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapies for serious or life-threatening diseases with significant unmet needs. We are leveraging our Molecular Adhesion & Sealant Technology, or MAST, platform, derived from over two decades of clinical, nonclinical and manufacturing experience with purified and non-purified poloxamers, to develop MST-188, our lead product candidate. MST-188 has demonstrated multiple pharmacologic effects that may provide clinical benefit in a wide range of diseases and conditions typically characterized by impaired microvascular blood flow and damaged cell membranes. We recently acquired AIR001, an intermittently nebulized form of sodium nitrite that was being developed to treat pulmonary vascular disorders, and we are in the process of determining the optimal development strategy for this new asset. We are enrolling subjects in EPIC (Evaluation of Purified 188 In Crisis), a pivotal phase 3 study of MST-188 in sickle cell disease. ... More ...
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|Oct 06, 2013, 07:30 AM
Joined Mar 2007
165 Posts
All you Electric Gremlin Flyers.
Would you list what motor, esc, prop, and size of battery pack you have tried and are using now. On the 48 inch Gremlin.
|Oct 06, 2013, 12:08 PM
United States, MA, Oxford
Joined Sep 2009
233 Posts
I am using a Eflite 25 motor 1250 kv with a 11X5.5 prop 3c 3330 mah battery and a Pentium 60 amp ESC. I have a blast flying with this setup has enough speed and just fun to throw around, or cutting ribbons. I haven't tried it yet, but I am going to use a 4c battery with a 10X10 prop see what the difference will be.
|Oct 06, 2013, 01:01 PM
Joined Mar 2007
165 Posts
|Oct 06, 2013, 01:45 PM
United States, MA, Oxford
Joined Sep 2009
233 Posts
Forgot to mention if I am flying combat we do a 4 minute combat session trying to cut the other guy's ribbon this is almost WOT. My battery is down to 3.80 in that area. Just flying for fun I can get 8 minutes plus on a flight varied throttle use.
I don't know if you saw this thread on the Gremlin so I will post the link give you more ideas on what you can do for a setup. Glad to help.
|Oct 07, 2013, 10:42 PM
United States, ID, Shelley
Joined Dec 2011
445 Posts
I've been using this one...
And just got this one to try.
Both using the Hobby King 60am ESC
And 3S 4,000mAh batteries.
Our combat rounds here are 1.5 minutes to start & launch, then 5 min combat flying - usually WOT. Figure my flights are 6 to 7 minutes in all, and the batteries usually are not below 75% (less than 75% capacity used).
Should probably have gone with 5,000mAh packs, but so far they are working good.
On the 6-turn motor, I've been using an APC 12x8.5 folding prop (not shown) at 500 watts.
Just did the first testing of the 4-turn motor tonight, and looks like I'll be looking at the APC 8x4 folding prop.
See prop test data in the attached "Test Sheets".
|Oct 08, 2013, 07:06 AM
Joined Mar 2007
165 Posts
|Oct 08, 2013, 08:41 AM
I use a monster power 46, plush 80 esc, 4S 5000mah 25C and prop 14 x 10. Flies like a bat out of hell.
|Oct 08, 2013, 04:45 PM
Joined Mar 2007
165 Posts
|Oct 08, 2013, 07:06 PM
United States, ID, Shelley
Joined Dec 2011
445 Posts
Wanted to try the 4-turn motor to reduce the prop size, but going all the way down to 8" was a little unexpected. From the listing, I thought it would likely need a 10" prop. I currently don't have a 8x4 and my hobby budget is low, so it might be a little while before I can test it.
The 8x6 will give plenty or power, but I also need duration.
|Oct 09, 2013, 05:56 AM
Joined Mar 2007
165 Posts
What I'm trying to do is to come up with a (cheap reliable motor) that will run on a 3-cell 3000-3300 pack so all planes and equipment will be equal. Our first Gremlin contest back in 1994-95 had 11 flyers flying glow. We didn't fly 1 on 1 we flew all at one time. We did this for several years. Then a few years ago our group started flying Fanfold WW2 planes then went to the F&F I came up with. We did this until we over combated ourselves for several years. So I'm thinking the Gremlin might be the ticket again to get everyone cutting some more streamers. This is the reason for starting this thread.
|Oct 09, 2013, 06:23 AM
United States, MA, Oxford
Joined Sep 2009
233 Posts
I can agree with you on wanting to use the same batteries in different planes. I use the same batteries in three other planes. Also when we have the Gremlin combat the electric is limited to to a 3c battery.
For safety we fly in a section of the field so the combat is kept in a fairly tight area away from the flight line. Constant turning trying to get a cut which is nice and exciting for the 4 minute that is allowed for each round. Then a spot landing closes to the mark picks up a point.
|Oct 09, 2013, 06:56 AM
Joined Mar 2007
165 Posts
I have been eyeing this motor with a 3-cell pack. I don't know if anyone has tried it yet or not. It really looks pretty good with 740 watts and 1100 kv.
It might be close to a .28 glow.
Propeller Test Data for the Power Up 25 Speed Motor:
Battery Size Propeller Size Thrust (oz.) Amps Notes
3-Cell 11.1v APC 11 x 5.5E 77 oz. 49 amps
3-Cell 11.1v APC 10 x 5E 69 oz. 42 amps
3-Cell 11.1v APC 10 x 7E 68 oz. 47 amps
3-Cell 11.1v APC 9 x 6E 56 oz. 35 amps
3-Cell 11.1v APC 9 x 7.5E 53 oz. 45 amps
4-Cell 14.8v APC 9 x 4.5E 83 oz. 47 amps 740 watts
4-Cell 14.8v APC 8 x 4E 56 oz. 36 amps
|Oct 09, 2013, 08:51 AM
United States, ID, Shelley
Joined Dec 2011
445 Posts
Going with a 3,000-3,300mAh battery will just shorted the flight time a little, but may still get the 4 minutes mentioned in another post.
I'm new to combat, and am flying in South-East Idaho, with the group mentioned/discussed in the R/C Combat column in this past issue of Model Aviation. We also fly all-up so sometimes start with 8-9 planes in the air at one time.
Some of these guys fly HOT-rods that I'll never keep up with, but the performance of my Gremlin prompted one veteran flyer to finally build the Gremlin kit he has had for several years(although he's strictly a glow guy).
Flying with all the planes being more uniform would be FUN!
|Oct 09, 2013, 08:57 AM
Joined Mar 2007
165 Posts
Thanks for your input and getting back. Cheap equipment that's we are looking for.
|Oct 09, 2013, 09:32 AM
Mine is heavy at 4.5 lbs. in no wind it makes for interesting launches. I get 5 1/2 min flight times.
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Canadian researcher uncovers first evidence of child abuse in ancient Egypt
Sandra Wheeler's excavation shows evidence of child abuse on a 2,000-year-old skeleton in the Dakhleh Oasis cemetery.
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A Canadian-trained bioarcheologist has uncovered the first documented case of child abuse in the ancient world.
Most starkly, the 2,000-year-old skeleton of a toddler buried in a cemetery in Egypt's western desert showed evidence of recent fractures of the middle part of the forearm bone, damage that would almost certainly be deliberate force, lead author Sandra Wheeler told the Star.
"We know from the documentary evidence that the Egyptians revered children. They loved children, they spoiled them. That's what makes this so unusual."
Wheeler, whose doctoral thesis on the Dakhleh Oasis cemetery excavations was done at the University of Western Ontario, said the skeleton of Burial 519 is the only one of the remains of children that showed signs of abuse.
"We have excavated 770 individuals from this cemetery. This is a unique case from a large population."
Wheeler, now a bioarcheologist at the University of Central Florida, and fellow scientists meticulously examined each of the multiple fractures on the toddler's skeleton and compared them with medical documentation about patterns of injury.
"To break your arm in the middle — that takes a considerable amount of force. Both arms are broken in the same place. That is very suspect."
The complete skeleton of Burial 519, a child about 2 or 3 years old, underwent the same burial ritual as every other corpse in the cemetery in the oasis town of Kellis, Wheeler said.
The pattern of the fractures followed the behaviour in medical literature for child abuse: "Many fractures in different stages of healing, some fractures very well healed, some that are fresh, around the time of death."
Archeological evidence of child abuse is rare, although Wheeler cautioned this doesn't mean abused children were rare. Still, this Dakhleh Oasis case is the oldest evidence of "probable physical child abuse" on record, she said.
Wheeler and her colleagues used macroscopic, radiographic and histologic analyses to rule out other causes that mimic child abuse injuries.
For example, brittle bone disease tends to affect children under age 1 and none of Burial 519's injuries appeared to happen until after age 1.
Severe epilepsy seizures could cause injuries, but none of the Egyptian toddler's injuries were to his or her head. And broken middle forearms would require adult-strength force, not just a fall, she said.
Also unusually, the skeleton "showed signs of nutritional stress," evidence of malnutrition not found in other skeletons.
Burials in the cemetery were grouped by family lines, but establishing a connection among other skeletons would be difficult because it was used for more than 400 years.
"Prevalence of fractures for young individuals is really, really low" in ancient Egyptian society, Wheeler said. "This is an outlier, which makes it really interesting. What was it about this child that incurred all of this violence?"
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Deck & Siding cleaner in the windshield washer reservoir
So last night I come home from work and my wife tells me she accidentally put Deck & Siding cleaner in the windshield washer reservoir. Apparently the deck cleaner is also blue. I have a 2000 Honda Odyssey. Does anyone know if it has a drain on the bottom for the windshield washer reservoir? Do I need to find a way to pump it out or do I just leave it in there as it also makes a great window cleaner (as well as a great paint remover).
Sight unseen you will have to spend much time under the hood removing many components attached with awkwardly placed bolts and fasteners of one sort or another so you can lift the reservoir out and dump it and clean it out.
After all that one presumes your wife will be- uh-- will be -uh ---well she'll be extra wifely.


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Recent Laguna Beach Reviews
We loved our stay and the condo
Everything was great and the condo was in a great location. We were right next to everything. The condo itself was beautiful and had so much to offer. We enjoyed every second of our stay and didn't have any complaints. The only thing that we wish would have been a little different is the how tight the parking spots were. Other than that everything was great. The owners are wonderful and were really easy to work with.
It was everything we expected.
The pictures and description of the property was spot on. This was the first family vacation since the passing of my husband last year. The condo was exactly what was described and we had enough room for the whole family. It was a 2 minute walk across the street to the ocean and everything we needed for a day on the beach was provided. It was located close to everything we wanted to do and some things were within walking distance. The owners were easy to work with on getting arrangements setup and the condo was decorated and furnished beautifully. We will definitely plan on staying here again in the future.


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Jeff, what a great shop and 5 star customer service. I am pleased at the fast reply 2 my question. Thanks- 4 everything. I will buy again and tell...Read More ->
The first I purchased from MJM was about 2 weeks ago. I was nervous about purchasing from them because I never had in the past. I love how they have...Read More ->


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"Escape. Yes, that's it, escape, that's whole secret right there."
Not your usual take on the "three key pillars of the future of TV": Smart TVs, Social TV and Second Screen.
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Tags » Rats
Ex gangster drug runner Jason Cook tells me how a rat became an astronaut
I have blogged about Jason Cook a few times before.
He became a drug addict at the age of twelve and then started to sell drugs from his bedroom and on the streets to pay off his growing drugs debts to local dealers. 508 more words
Birthdays come twice a year
The boys have been sick and they still are, but at the moment, it seems to be levelling out. They are not better, but better than they were a little while ago. 166 more words


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On Being Brought from Africa to America
On Being Brought from Africa to America Symbolism, Imagery, Allegory
Darkness Imagery
No, we're not talking about nighttime. And we don't mean the dark hours before the light. In fact, we think it's super-fascinating that our speaker never actually uses the word "dark," but she does...
Change Imagery
Change, change, chaaaaaange! Wait, we're thinking of the Aretha Franklin song "Chain of Fools." Okay, so we're a bit off, but what Wheatley is singing about here is her change, both physical and sp...
Christian Imagery
Wheatley wasn't a preacher or a nun, but she's definitely a Christian poet. Her poems often deal with Christian ideas and beliefs, and this poem is no different. Her conversion to Christianity is a...
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Are you keen on pinpointing data about Jacqueline Kierstead in Buzzards Bay, MA? If so you just got lucky because USA People Search is excellent at offering people search data such as bankruptcy records, marriage records, and criminal records for people like Jacqueline Kierstead. Also, with so much information about people with the last name Kierstead in Buzzards Bay in our database, you will succeed in finding who you're looking for.
To make the whole search easier for our users to find the specific Jacqueline in MA they are seeking, we have arranged our data into four main areas – name/aliases, age, location and possible relatives. By organizing our data this way, users can quickly scan all the people with the last name Kierstead below and choose the perfect match. Once you stumble upon the Jacqueline Kierstead you have been trying to find, click through the View Details link on the right hand side for extra details and information.
If the entire search process for Jacqueline in Buzzards Bay is not presenting the results you need, try looking again with the search box above. One tactic you could employ is to use another spelling variation, which may lead to better results. If you have the details, entering the full name of the person also helps. Once you find the right Jacqueline Kierstead in Buzzards Bay, MA, go on to the details page to see all the information and facts we have to offer.
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Women injured in Kyana crashJuly 7, 2014
By BILL POWELL
Herald Staff Writer
KYANA — Two Knox County women were taken to the hospital after the SUV they occupied crashed into a tree Friday east of Kyana.
Vanessa A. Greemore, 59, of Vincennes, was westbound on State Road 64 in a 1997 Ford Expedition when the 4 p.m. accident occurred 750 feet east of Pine Ridge Road, according to the Dubois County Sheriff's Department.
Greemore said she had swerved to miss a small animal that ran onto the roadway when her SUV went off the north side of the highway. The Expedition continued west along a steep ditch embankment, struck a concrete box culvert, continued through a cornfield and stopped after a head-on collision with a tree.
Greemore, who complained of shoulder pain, and her passenger, Anna M. Greemore, 31, who shared her Vincennes address and who complained of neck and shoulder pain, were transported by ambulance to Memorial Hospital in Jasper.
Both were treated and released, according to a hospital spokeswoman.
A deputy said both women were wearing seat belts and the proper use of those restraints greatly reduced the severity of the women's injuries.
The crash totaled the SUV and caused minor damage to the box culvert and corn field, according to a deputy.
An Indiana conservation officer, the Schnellville Volunteer Fire Department, Memorial Hospital Emergency Medical Services and a Berg's Garage wrecker assisted.
Contact Bill Powell at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Professor shares story of maligned governorFormer Jasper resident Dr. Randy Mills has been writing about Indiana history since the 1980s.
New playground, renovations ready at Ferdinand parksThe Town of Ferdinand has announced its parks will officially open Wednesday.


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By: vyleside
After a heavy night of drink and drugs, Seb and Barry discover how the Donkey Kong Country cartoon doubles as a drug PSA. Sorry about the change in sound quality -- illness and recording in a new location caused a few hiccups. Like seb at: facebook.com/findingtheplot youtube.com/findingtheplot blip.tv/findingtheplot
Views: 417 | Posted: 04/02/2012
By: Zerppi
From Japan
Views: 990 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: triforcelink
We will be playing through 9 Donkey Kong games LIVE without stopping! Game List: -Donkey Kong (NES) -Donkey Kong Jr. (NES) -Donkey Kong 3 (NES) -Donkey Kong Jr. Math (NES) -Donkey Kong (Gameboy) -Donkey Kong Country (SNES) -Donkey Kong Country 2 (SNES) -Donkey Kong Country 3 (SNES) -Donkey Kong 64 (N64) Witness the madness! starting December 25th 2009 at 12pm (noon) (GMT-05:00 Eastern Time (US & Canada) Check out our site for more info! http://eloungehq.net/
Views: 443 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: PowKazoom
Five Monkeys, One 64-Bit System, And Lots of FUN from Nintendo!
Views: 522 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: raven1221
A stage from Donkey Kong recreated with legos and it works! Credit:gonintendo
Views: 446 | Posted: 05/25/2011
By: dwronski
DK64 old advertisement.
Views: 1,135 | Posted: 03/06/2011
By: Natedog033
Found this Nintendo music video on Dailymotion.com. Enjoy.
Views: 617 | Posted: 02/25/2011
By: slyjakprinceico
A humorous ad of DK64 that aired back in the good old days of the N64. Let's take a look back while we await the release of Donkey Kong Country Returns. Hopefully they'll make another Donkey Kong 3D adventure like this. EDIT: Thanks for another feature GT!
Views: 4,801 | Posted: 01/09/2011
By: muradi
Views: 462 | Posted: 06/22/2010
By: MrGreen18
Music... Da Banana Bunch (Vitamin B Remix) by Grant Kirkhope. (Donkey Kong 64) Escape the Falling Bridge by A. Itoh. (Kid Dracula) Assault Theme by HIYA!, JIM (Metal Slug) Maya by Robin Beanland (Killer Instinct Gold)
Views: 1,094 | Posted: 05/27/2010
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Xbox One
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This complete Dark Souls II experience will include all 3 Dark Souls II DLC, new NPCs to offer an even deeper...
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PC, Ouya
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Beat Nation Art Exhibition
Beat Nation reflects a generation of artists who juxtapose urban youth culture with Aboriginal identity in entirely innovative and unexpected ways. Using hip hop and other forms of popular culture, artists create surprising new cultural hybrids in painting, sculpture, installation, performance and video that reflect the changing demographics of Aboriginal people today.
Check out their website: http://www.vanartgallery.bc.ca/the_exhibitions/exhibit_beat_nation.html
Pow Wow Riddim – A Tribe Called Red
This is a remix of the Diplo track 'Riddim' remix and video by a Tribe Called Red
Do Yer Bizz – Shawn Bernard ft. Joey Stylez and Hellnback
This song is an uncensored version of the original song "Do Yer Bizz" off of my new album "Collabonation" which is now available through iTunes, and over 40 other digital retailers. You can also go into any HMV and order a hard copy CD.The album features amazing talents such as Joey Stylez, Inez, Hellnback, Tomislav Milardovic, Godson and many more!
The video was directed by David Bates of The Tyrants and Produced by Kris Rurka. There are many more video's to come in the near future so stay tuned!
Follow me at :
N8 Winishut – Up ft. Joey Stylez & Bigg B.
Another single off the album "Zombie" – the follow up to N8 Winishut's "Wasted Talent" album.
Che Fu – Chains Reloaded
Che-Fu – Chains Reloaded feat. Savage & Produced by P-Money.
Harbor Light Boys – Samoan Soldier
Here's the latest video from Harbor Light Boys dedicated to all our soldiers out there fighting for our freedom. Our prayers are with you always. We will continue to support our troops until they all come home. Track featuring Marz, G.I., Auva'a, Joe Masta, Stan, & Young Soli. Special thanks to the soldiers and everyone who helped and supported us during the making of this video. Song now available on itunes and amazon.
Video by Harbor Light Production
Camera Crew: Auva'a, Joe Masta, Marz, & Stan
Fatal error: Call to undefined function flat_paging_nav() in /home/nativehi/public_html/wp-content/themes/flat-child/index.php on line 7


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Our new devotional "If God Loves Me, Why Did I Lose My Job?" explores the struggle of unemployment. Sign up here.
11:1 to your mountain. Possibly, "from your mountain." If it is "to your mountain," then the advice is to flee the city for a mountain fortress. If it is "from your mountain," the reference is to Zion. In either case David is being advised by others to find salvation elsewhere than in God.


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Sixth Grade
How to seat a lady. How to be seated by a man. Which fork to use for the salad. What signals you're done with a meal versus just excusing yourself for a moment. Unbutton your jacket before you sit; button it when you get up.
Kershaw County School District (KCSD) Superintendent Dr. Frank Morgan and CFO Donnie Wilson will lead a preliminary discussion of the district's 2015-2016 budget at a Kershaw County Board of School Trustees meeting set for Tuesday evening.
Trevon Hall of Bethune has been named to Eastern New Mexico University's Dean's List for the fall 2014 semester.
The school board's annual organizational meeting Jan. 13 began with the swearing in of new trustees and officers. Trustee Ron Blackmon is the board's new chairman. Trustee Mara Jones chose not to seek reelection for the lead role and nominated Blackmon in her place.
The town of Bethune and Bethune Elementary School (BES) suffered a power outage Jan. 8.
The county is mourning the loss of beloved Kershaw County School District (KCSD) special education educator and district director Deborah "Debi" Hardin Davis who passed away Tuesday after a year and half battle with cancer.
Plans to convert the Montessori School of Camden (MSC) on Battleship Road are being delayed a year, according to Headmaster Dr. John Moncure. In November, Moncure confirmed plans for a bid to pursue charter school status with the intent of becoming one in August. Plans to do so have now been pushed back to August 2016.
Once again, the proceeds of the local Jingle Bell Run are being used to benefit local schools. Now in its seventh year, the 5K run/walk sponsored by the Fitness Zone took place Dec. 5. This year, five Kershaw County School District (KCSD) schools are receiving $1,500 to be used for health and physical education projects.
Lugoff-Elgin High School (L-EHS) drama students recently portrayed the perils, joys and everyday challenges of high school life in their winter production. The play consisted of a series of monologues, written by L-EHS Drama III students, dealing with issues such as pregnancy, parent's divorce, social media mishaps, relationship issues and navigating friendships. The play followed a group of students through their senior year in high school.
Twenty-four years ago, Brenda Gary began working at Camden High School as a food service employee within the Kershaw County School District (KCSD). Gary worked at Camden High until last year when officials determined help was needed at Leslie M. Stover Middle School's cafeteria in Elgin.
The Kershaw County School District (KCSD) is the only South Carolina school district to receive not just one, but two 21st Century Community Learning Centers grants for 2015. Partnering with the Boys & Girls Clubs of the Midlands, Jackson School and Pine Tree Hill Elementary School will house afterschool academic assistance programs.
Camden High School's (CHS) National Honor Society (NHS) presented Palmetto Animal Assisted Life Services (PAALS) with a $3,000 check Tuesday. The money is going to a program called Rob's Best Friend Fund; a ceremony marking the donation took place in the CHS media center.
Brandi Patterson of Elgin has been named a Barker Scholar at Clemson University.
The Kershaw County Reading Council's (KCRC) Administrator of the Year is doing everything she can to make sure students are reading at least at grade level. The KCRC named Jackson Elementary School Principal Matia Goodwin as its Reading Administrator of the Year at its annual recognition program Dec. 8.
Josh Arrants, naturalist and C-I columnist, speaks to students in Central Carolina Technical College (CCTC) Natural Resources Management program Feb. 26 about the Red-cockaded Woodpecker Restoration Project at Fort Jackson. Arrants, a 2002 CCTC graduate, is a member of the S.C. Wildlife Federal Board, a Fort Jackson Wildlife Technician and former Camden resident who recently moved to Austin, Texas. He is returning frequently to work on the Fort Jackson project and continues to write his column. The students listening to Arrants' lecture are in NRM Department Chair Joshua Castleberry's class.
Bethune Elementary School has announced its school-wide A an A/B honor rolls for the second nine weeks of the school year.
Kershaw County School District (KCSD) officials offered a list of deferred maintenance projects to the Kershaw County Board of School Trustees' finance/facilities committee Tuesday. KCSD Director of Operations Billy Smith said the list is based on safety, security, health energy efficiency and other factors.
North Central High School recently released its honor rolls for the second quarter of the school year.
Leslie M. Stover Middle School has announced its honor rolls for the second nine-weeks period.
Kim Blackmon (front, second from left) presents a check $4,605 to Billy Newman, head of this year's Special Olympics, in front of the Kershaw County School District (KCSD) offices on DeKalb Street in Camden. She is the daughter of Vickie and Ron Blackmon, chairman of the Kershaw County Board of School Trustees. The money was raised during the Battle of Camden Power Meet at Carolina Fitness, owned by the Blackmons. Joining in on the presentation before the school board's March 17 meeting, were (front row) Ron Blackmon, Cletus Ray with Special Olympics, (second row) Vickie Blackmon, Trustee ...
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A teaching, modelling and motivational piece of work for a central defender who has recently made his debut in league 1.
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Predators Suter heads thin list of NHL free agents
Don't blink, because you just might miss what few splashes are anticipated to take place in NHL free agency.
After Nashville Predators defenseman Ryan Suter and potentially New Jersey Devils captain Zach Parise, the list of marquee players expected to hit the market at noon Sunday thins quickly.
"It's very thin," Sabres general manager Darcy Regier said this week. "The quality is there, the quantity isn't there."
That's good for the players available because of the potential of driving up their asking price, but bad for Regier and the general managers competing against each other to fill their needs.
As Minnesota Wild GM Chuck Fletcher said this month: "It's a good year to be a free agent."
Suter is the current headliner after the player's agent, Neil Sheehy, confirmed Saturday that his client will test the market.
"I don't know where Ryan is going to sign," Sheehy told The Associated Press. "I do know he's keeping Nashville in the mix, but he will hit free agency."
That news isn't a surprise, given that Predators general manager David Poile was expecting that to happen. Poile still isn't ruling out the possibility of re-signing the hard-hitting seven-year veteran.
"In all the conversations we've had, he's made it very clear that he has nothing against Nashville," Poile said before last weekend's NHL draft. "But he's gone this far, and the longer we talk, it appears he's going to take a look at July 1."
Parise might follow, though the Devils are expected to make one last push to sign him.
There are numerous teams expected to take runs at one or both players.
The Detroit Red Wings could use an established defenseman such as Suter after Nicklas Lidstrom retired. The Wild are considered a potential landing spot for Parise, who is from the area.
Los Angeles forward Dustin Penner and Washington's Alexander Semin head a secondary list of mid-range free agents. It's a group that also includes Florida defenseman Jason Garrison and Detroit's Jiri Hudler.
Then there's a mixed bag of aging stars such as Jaromir Jagr, Shane Doan, Jason Arnott, Ray Whitney and Jamie Langenbrunner. And don't forget the possibility of Devils goalie Martin Brodeur, who hired an agent on Friday in the event he doesn't re-sign for a 20th season in New Jersey.
"We're going to be active and very involved in free agency because we have cap space and holes we'd like to fill," Red Wings general manager Ken Holland said.
Get in line.
Even with a looming labor dispute that has the potential to disrupt the start of next season, there's expected to be plenty of competition for talent, particularly from a number of teams that have freed up considerable room under the salary cap.
According to NHL.com last week, there are 17 teams that are at least $18.5 million under the $70.2 million cap that's been established for next season. And that includes four teams with more than $30 million of space, Nashville ($35.29 million), Phoenix ($32.2 million), Anaheim ($30.9 million) and Dallas ($30.6 million).


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Death the Kid and Crona One-shots
This fanfiction has Kid and Crona one-shots. In this fanfiction Crona is female.
Comments are moderated. Keep it cool. Critical is fine, but if you're rude to one another (or to us), we'll delete your stuff. Have fun and thanks for joining the conversation!
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Enter for a chance to win tickets, a meet-and-greet, and more!
Mother remembers 3-year-old daughter killed in Elliston train accident
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