text:
THE KAHN PRECIPITATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS DEMONSTRATION R. L. KAHN, FELLOW A. P. H. A. Immunologist, Bureau of Laboratories, Michigan Department of Health, Lansing, Michigan T HIS paper will discuss the author's construction which will hold the test tube precipitation test for syphilis as racks employed. demonstrated before the Labora- 5. Inactivating bath (560 C.) as well tory Section of the fifty-second annual as centrifuge and centrifuge tubes may be meeting of the American Public Health of any make which will be f.ound con- Association at Boston on October 10, venient in the particular laboratory. 1923. By courtesy of the editors of this JOURNAL, we are able to include some of II. REAGENTS EMPLOYED IN THE TEST the results of standardization studies car- The three ingredients entering into the ried out since the demonsration and fully test are (1) Antigen, (2) Serum, and discussed in another paper.' The follow- (3) Physiologic Salt Solution. ing are included: (1) a simplified and 1. ANTIGEN t standardized procedure for the prepara- Method of Preparation: tion and titration of antigen, (2) some The method of antigen preparation has improvements in the details in carrying recently been standardized with a view of out the routine test, (3) a special quanti- eliminating several of the variable ele- tative procedure applicable particularly to ments inherent in the method previously the study of the serologic effect of anti- used. syphilitic treatment, (4) a more standard- The unit amount of ized technic for the test with spinal fluids. heart used for preparingpowdered isbeef antigen 25 gms. and it is always extracted in a 250 I. GLASSWARE AND APPARATUS REQUIRED c.c. Erlenmeyer flask. The ether extrac- FOR THE TEST * tion consists of four ether "washings" All glassware employed in the test of the powdered muscle at ten minute must be chemically clean and neutral. intervals with 100, 75, 75 and 75 c.c. 1. Test tubes: Standard antigen dilu- ether, respectively. The subsequent alco- tion tubes are 5.5 cm. in length and 1.5 hol extraction is carried out for three cm. in diameter. days at room temperature (210 C.). Standard tubes for performing the test Twenty-five gms. of powdered beef heart are 7.5 cm. in length and 1 cm. in will yield about 75 c.c. antigen. If the diameter. preparation of larger amounts is desired, 2. Test tube racks: Racks should be of as many 25 gm. quantities are employed such construction as to permit vigorous as needed. shaking of the tubes. Powdered Heart Muscle.-About 400 3. Pipettes: 10 c.c. pipettes marked in gms. of heart muscle are cut out from at 0.1 c.c. quantities. 1 c.c. pipettes marked least three fresh beef hearts and passed in 0.01 c.c. quantities. 0.2 c.c. pipettes four times through a meat grinder. The marked in 0.001 c.c. quantities. ground material is spread into a thin 4. Shaking machine: May be of any and drieda porcelain of one or two revolv- layer on platter or glass plate by means 4 Glassware and apparatus for the test may be procured from the Chicago Glass Products Company, t The Michigan Department of Health furnishes Chicago, Ill. antigen at a minimum cost. [498] THE KAHN PRECIPITATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS 499 ing fans. After six or eight hours, when The moist beef heart is now trans- the exposed surface is relatively dry, the ferred for the fourth and last time to tfie material is turned over and drying con- flask and 75 c.c. ether added, the mixture tinued over night. When the layer of shaken for ten minutes and filtered. beef heart is in the form of a dry plate, After gentle pressure with a spatula does it is broken up into small pieces and dry- not cause drops of ether to pass through ing continued until the material is brittle the funnel-the endpoint employed in and easily breakable. The material is each of the four ether filtrations-the now ground into powder form by means of a mortar or coffee grinder which is beef heart is transferred to a sheet of used for no other purpose. white paper and dried either at room tem- perature or at 370 C. The drying usually Powdered beef heart is now obtainable requires from ten to fifteen minutes. on the market from the Digestive Fer- ments Company, Detroit. It is prepared When no ether odor is detectable, the essentially as outlined above, except on a beef heart is ready for extraction with large scale-as many as seventy-five beef alcohol. This extraction may be carried hearts entering into the preparation of a out in the same flask used for the ether given lot. This assures a higher degree extractions, provided the flask is entirely of uniformity than can be obtained with freed from ether odor. three beef hearts. Because of this uni- Extraction of Powdered Muscle zewth formity element, the market product is Alcohol.-The ether extraction being used in this laboratory almost exclusively. completed, the dry powdered muscle is Extraction of Powdered Muscle with weighed and placed in a 250 c.c. flask. Ether.-Twenty-five gm. of powdered Usually there will be twenty-three gms. beef heart are placed in a 250 c.c. Erlen- or less of the powder due to the loss dur- meyer flask and 100 c.c. ether (anes- ing the ether extraction. Five c.c. of 95 thesia) added. The flask is shaken from per cent alcohol are added per gm. of time to time for an interval of ten min- powder. The flask is shaken for ten utes after which the ether is filtered off. minutes and extraction allowed to con- The filtration process may be hastened tinue at room temperature (210 C.) for somewhat by applying gentle pressure to three days without shaking. At the end the beef heart by means of a spatula. of this period, the mixture is shaken for Filtration is completed when pressure five minutes and filtered. The filtrate is with the spatula does not cause drops of kept in the dark at room temperature as ether to pass through the funnel. stock antigen solution. The moist beef heart is now returned Cholesterinization of Alcoholic Ex- to the original 250 c.c. extraction flask. tract.-A given amount of alcoholic ex- This may be done by first transferring the tract-likely to be used in a month or beef heart from the funnel to a sheet of two-is cholesterinized by adding 6 mg. white paper and breaking the material of chemically pure cholesterin per c.c. of up with a spatula into pieces small enough extract. The cholesterin is dissolved by for the mouth of the flask. Seventy-five rotating the flask in a water bath at 370 c.c. ether are now added and the mixture C. When all the cholesterin has been dis- again shaken for a ten-minute interval solved, the antigen is filtered to remove and filtered as above. impurities and allowed to stand one day. After the second filtration of ether, the It is then ready to be titrated or stand- beef heart is transferred to the flask for ardized for the test. a third time and 75 c.c. ether again added. It is well to emphasize in connection The mixture is shaken for a ten-minute with antigen preparation that the ether interval and again filtered as described and alcohol employed should be of high ahovc. purity and that the latter should be 95 500 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PtUBLIC HEALTH per cent. At one time we unknowingly character of these precipitates, however, used 80 instead of 95 per cent alcohol will vary according to the quantity of salt with misleading results. solution used. Some of the precipitates Tinfoil-covered corks have been found will be found to be stable and will not dis- most satisfactory as stoppers for flasks solve when mixed with salt 'solution; used in antigen preparation and storing. other precipitates again will readily dis- Rubber as well as cork stoppers give off solve in salt solution. soluble elements into the alcohol which The solubility in salt solution of each modify the final product. of the five antigen dilution precipitates Method of Antigen Titration: is tested as follows: 0.05, 0.025 and The aim of the titration of antigen for 0.0125 c.c. amounts, respectively, of each this test is to find the minimum amount of antigen dilution are pipetted with a 0.2 physiologic salt solution to use with anti- c.c. pipette graduated in 0.001 c.c. into gen which will result in an antigen-salt three tubes (7.5 cm. in length and 1 cm. solution precipitate that is soluble on fur- diameter). These small quantities are ther addition of salt solution. The titra- pipetted in each case to the bottom of the tion is carried out in the presence of salt tubes. 0.15 c.c. quantities of physiologic solution and not in the presence of serum. salt solution are now added to each tube. solution and not in the presence of serum, The rack is shaken vigorously for two although the latter may be used as a check minutes after which 0.5 c.c. salt solution on the titration, if desired. is added to each tube and observation One c.c. amounts of cholesterinized made as to whether or not the original antigen are added to each of five standard antigen dilution precipitate has gone back antigen dilution tubes (5.5 cm. length and into solution. The antigen dilution tube 1.5 cm. diameter). To five similar tubes containing the smallest amount of salt are added the following amounts of solution in proportion to antigen, having physiologic salt solution, respectively: a precipitate which goes back into solu- 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 c.c. Each salt tion in salt solution, as shown by this solution tube is emptied into a given anti three tube test, represents the endpoint gen tube and, without waiting to drain of this titration and determines the pro- the salt solution, the mixture is imme- portion in which antigen is to be mixed diately poured back and forth five or six with salt solution in the performance of times to permit thorough mixing. Each the tests. of the five antigen dilutions will show the The accompanying table gives an out- presence of a definite precipitate. The line of a typical antigen titration. TABLE 1. TYPICAL ANTIGEN TITRATION FOR TEST WITH SERUM Antigen Dilution Series 1 2 3 4 5 Antigen + SaltSolutionc.c. 1 + .8 1 + .9 1 + 1.0 I + 1.1 1 + 1.2 Result of Dilution Heavy precipitate in each antigen dilution Scheme Used in Testing Tube No. 1 2 3 Solubility of Precipitate in Each *Antigen Dilution c.c. .05 .025 .0125 Antigen Dilution Salt Solution c.c. .15 .15 .15 Tubes are shaken 2 minutes and 0.5 c.c. salt solution added to each. All are observed for precipitates. Solubility of Precipitate as De- Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate termined by Three-Tube Test Not Soluble Not Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Standard Antigen Dilution Antigen + min- imum amount of salt solution giving precip- itate which dis- solves in salt solution *Each antigen dilution is allowed to stand 30 minutes after mixing antigen and salt solution before solubility test is made. THE KAHN PRECIPITATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS 501 2. SERUM ing amounts of salt solution by utilizing The serums are separated from the the same standard antigen dilution tubes. clots -by centrifugation in the u sual man- Procedure: One c.c. antigen is meas- ner, pipetted off and inactivat ed for 30 ured into an antigen dilution tube. An minutes at 560 C. The main point re- amount of salt solution usually approxi- garding serums is that they be free from mating that of the antigen, according to red cells, fibrin and particles of any kind. the titre of the antigen, is measured into No difficulty is encountered ir this test a similar tube. The salt solution is with milky or chylous serum,s or with poured into the antigen and, without wait- moderately hemolyzed specimens. Only ing to drain the tube, the mixture is im- such hemolyzed specimens whioch are not mediately poured back and forth five or fit for a Wassermann test are not fit for six times to insure thorough mixing. For a precipitation test. uniformity, this antigen dilution is per- 3. PHYSIOLOGIC SALT SOLL [TION mitted to stand ten minutes at room tem- Salt solution is prepared by dissolving perature before pipetting. 8.5 gm. of chemically purle sodium As a preliminary control of the antigen chloride per liter of distilled water and dilution, 0.05 c.c. is measured into a test filtering. Although sterility of this solu- tube, 1 c.c. salt solution added and the tion is not essential, the sam e type of tube shaken vigorously for ten or. fifteen chemical cleanliness usually en inloved in seconds. The mixture should appear quantitative chemical work is required. opalescent. Pipetting of Antigen Diliution.-The III. THE ROUTINE TEST WITH SERUM antigen dilution is always pipetted to the bottom of the tubes. The 0.05 c.c. The routine test consists of t amounts may be pipetted with a 1 c.c. containing three different prop horeetubs iccordance o serum and antigen dilution in pipette in which 0.05 c.c. graduations are with the following outline: indicated with a wax pencil. For the 0.025 and 0.0125 c.c. amounts of antigen Tube No. 1 2 3 dilution, 0.2 c.c. pipettes are employed Serum: Antigen Dilution 3:1 6:1 12:1 and the proper markings may also be in- Antigen Dilution c.c. .05 .025 .0125 dicated with a wax pencil. The antigen Serum c.c. .15 .15 .15 dilution should be mixed frequently dur- Preparation of Standard Anitigen Dilu- ing the pipetting period to assure a uni- tion.-It is well when carrying 4out a num- form mixture. Due to the possibility of ber of tests to inactivate the s erums and evaporation of the small amounts of anti- set up and number the tubes be fore dilut- gen dilution used in the test, it is neces- ing antigen with salt solutio:n for the sary to pipette the serum within several tests. The antigen dilution is so stand- minutes after the antigen dilution has ,e ardized as to necessitate its us within a half hour after mixing antiger with salt been pipetted. If a worker desires to run forty precipitation tests, for example, it solution. In this laboratory, with over is better to pipette antigen dilution and 200 routine tests per day, enou gh antigen serums for ten tests at a time, than to dilution for 60 or 80 tests is, ulsually pre- pipette the antigen dilution for all the pared at one time-two e:xperienced tests first and then follow with the workers pipetting antigen di]lution and serums. serum for about 80 tests in less than Pipetting of Serum.-The 0.15 c.c. twenty minutes. amounts of each serum are added to the One c.c. antigen diluted wilth one c.c. antigen dilution by means of a 1 c.c. salt solution gives sufficient anttigen dilu- pipette graduated in 0.01 c.c. In pipetting tion for about 18 tests. Two o r three c.c.' these amounts of serum it is not neces- antigen may be diluted with correspond- sary to lower the pipette to the bottom of 502 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH the tube. As soon as the serums have slanted to spread the fluid into a thin been added for ten tests, or less, the rack layer and examined for a precipitate. is shaken sufficiently to insure thorough In this laboratory, precipitation tests. mixing of the serum with antigen dilution. are read at night with the same ease as. Shaking of Tests.-After the serums during the day. Light is furnished by a have been mixed with the antigen dilu- 300-watt daylight bulb in an overhead tion, the tests are shaken for a two min- indirect fixture. ute interval. A shaking machine is of the utmost importance for this purpose, par- NOTE: If it is desired to make a check read-- ticularly in the examination of compara- ing of the results at some later period, it is well to keep the tests at icebox temperature. tively large numbers of specimens at a Practically all positive reactions will be given time. slightly stronger at the second reading. Occa- sionally, however, even at icebox temperature,. Effect of Incubation.-Although the a serum which gave a -, +, ++ at the first final results may be read immediately reading may be found to be negative during after the shaking period, different the second reading. We have observed these reversible precipitation reactions especially in workers have observed that a 15 minute early primary and in highly treated cases. The incubation period in the water bath at reading made immediately after the addition 370 C. produces sufficient clumping of of 0.5 c.c. salt solution to each tube is the standard reading and is always the one the precipitates to make the reading of reported. the results easier, particularly in the case of weak reactions. In studying the effect The Control System.-1. Antigen Coni- of 15 minute incubation on this test, no trol. When pipetting antigen dilution tendency for false positive reactions has for a series of tests, the last set-up of been observed, and on the basis of easier three regular antigen amounts receives reading we consider the employment of 0.15 c.c. salt solution instead of serum this incubation period of some advantage. and is read with the regular tests. All Addition of Salt Solution and Reading three tubes should show freedom from a of Results.-After the shaking of the precipitate. tests as well as after the 15 minute incu- 2. Serum Controls. In the case of each bation period, if employed, the serum- positive reaction, the serum used in the antigen mixtures appear uniformly test is examined for particles that might cloudy. In order to render the negative give the appearance of a specific precipi- reactions clear and thus simplify the tate. reading of results, 0.5 c.c. salt solution 3. Positive and Negative Controls. is added to each tube. The tests should One or more such controls are included be read immediately after the addition of with each series of tests. salt solution as an occasional weak pre- Interpretation of Results.-A definite cipitate may go back into solution on precipitate suspended in a clear medium standing. is considered a complete reaction and is Readings are best made in front of a read four plus. Proportionally weaker window with a darkened background. reactions are read three, two and one The negative serums appear opalescent plus, respectively. The final result in and readily distinguishable without lift- each test is the average finding of the ing the tubes from the racks. The three tubes. Thus, if the precipitation strongly positive serums show heavy pre- reaction is four plus in each of the three cipitates which are also easily read tubes, the final result is four plus. If directly. the reaction is -, +++, ++++, the Only the tubes showing weak reactions final result is two plus. A number of need to be removed from the rack and typical reactions with this method and examined individually. Each tube is the final result in each case, are illus- lifted from the rack above the eye level, trated in Table 2. THE KAHN PRECIPITATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS 503 TABLE 2. INTRPRTATION OF RzsuLrs o0 RourNzr Tzsr WITR SERumL Tube N6. 1 2 3 Average of Reaction in the Three Tubes Serum: Antigen Dilution 3:1 6:1 12:1 Final Result Antigen Dilution c.c. .05 .025 .0125 Serum Undiluted c.c. .15 .15 .15 Reaction No. 2 I * ++++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ 3 ++ ++++ ++++ 4 + ++++ ++++ +++ Some 5 ++++ ++++ Typical 6 7 -+ + + ++++ ++ ++ 8 + ++++ Reactions 9 ++++ 10 - - + 11 - ~~~~~~~+ ++ 12 - _ ++ 13 - - ++ 14 - : + Correlation of Results with Clinical also gives no false reactions. Yaws, yel- Findinigs.-When the average result with low fever and pellagra, which give occa- this test is four plus, it will usually be sional false Wassermann reactions, are found that we are dealing with untreated still to be studied with this method. or little treated syphilis. When the re- While strong reactions give every in- sult is less than four plus, the clinical dication of being associated with syphi- condition is usually early primary or in- litic infection, weak reactions-particu- tensively treated syphilis. As a general larly when the average finding is one rule, the average result corresponds with plus-appear to have the same diagnostic a cholesterinized antigen Wassermann ex- significance as weak Wassermann reac- cept that the precipitation test is possibly tions. Needless to say, as is true with more specific-due to the elimination of any laboratory method, the finding with the hemolytic system. this test should be considered but one In reporting the results with this test factor in the diagnostic syndrome in a to physicians, it is well to give the actual given case. precipitation findings in each of the three tubes as well as the final results. This IV. SPECIAL QUANTITATIVE TEST WITH gives the physician a more correct pic- SERUM ture of the serologic condition of the The routine test being quantitative in patient than the average result alone. only a limited degree, a special quanti- Clinical studies carried out in conjunc- tative procedure has been devised for the tion with the Department of Derma- purpose of determining the relative tology and Syphilology of the University potency of serums in terms of a unit of Michigan Medical School indicate that system. this precipitation test is highly specific for The Unit Reaction.-In the quantita- syphilis. Tuberculosis, scarlet fever and tive procedure, a constant amount of other febrile diseases which occasionallv standard antigen dilution is employed give falsely positive reactions with the with varying dilutions of serum. In the Wassermann test appear to give no such derivation of the unit reaction, 0.0125 c.c. reactions with this method. Pregnancy antigen dilution and 0.15 c.c. undiluted 504 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH serum are the unit quantities employed. each tube containing 0.0125 c.c. standard If complete precipitation is obtained when antigen dilution with 0.15 c.c. quantities 0.0125 c.c. antigen dilution is used with of serum dilutions ranging frQm 1:1 to 0.15 c.c. serum, only in undiluted form, 1:60. the reaction represents four reacting The serum dilutions may be prepared units. If precipitation is complete with as follows: certain dilutions of serum, then the potency of the serum in terms of react- 1 :1 = undiluted serum ing units (S) is equal to four times the 1:5 = 0.2 undiluted serum + 0.8 c.c. c.c. salt solution maximum dilution of the serum giving 1:10 =0.6 c.c. 1:5 dilution + 0.6 c.c. salt complete precipitation (D). The po- solution tency of any serum may be expressed by 1:20= 0.2 c.c. 1:10 dilution + 0.2 c.c. salt solution the formula 1:30 =0.2 c.c. 1:10 dilution +0.4 c.c. salt solution S 4D 1:40 =0.1 c.c. 1:10 dilution + 0.3 c.c. salt Thus, if 1:10 represents the highest dilu- solution 1:50=0.1 c.c. 1:10 dilution + 0.4 c.c. salt tion of serum capable of giving complete solution precipitation, the serum contains 4 x 10 1:60=0.1 c.c. 1:10 dilution + 0.5 c.c. salt or 40 reacting units. If 1:60 represents solution the highest dilution in which a serum NOTE: If it is desired to make more exact deter. gives a complete reaction, the serum con- minations of the number of reacting units in certain cases, serum dilutions in between those already indi- tains 4 x 60 or 240 units. Similarly the cated may be included. Serums of high potency, which give complete precipitation in a 1:60 dilution potency of any serum may be determined. may be diluted still further until a negative reaction is obtained. In the quantitative procedure only com- plete precipitation reactions are consid- ered in determining the concentration of The antigen dilution is prepared as for reacting units in a given serum. The the routine test and pipetted in 0.0125 c.c. interpretation of intermediary reactions quantities to the bottom of the tubes in must be left to the judgment of individual the usual manner. This is followed by workers. A reaction giving the appear- 0.15 c.c. amounts of the various serum ance of a three plus might be included dilutions, in order, beginning with the among complete reactions, while weaker undiluted serum. The rack is shaken for reactions are considered negative. The two minutes, 0.5 c.c. salt solution added results of the quantitative procedure, fur- to each tube, and the results read and thermore, are always expressed in units recorded. If a fifteen minute incubation and not in plus signs. By thus adhering period at 370 C. is employed, it should to the use of plus signs in connection be carried out as suggested in connection with the routine test with serum and of with the regular test, namely, after the units in connection with the special shaking period and prior to the addition quantitative test, confusion of the re- of salt solution. sults with the two procedures will be Table 3 gives some typical reactions avoided. with the quantitative procedure. Outline of Quantitative Test.-The quantitative procedure is applicable only Correlation of Quantitative Procedure to strongly positive serums, since only with Routine Serum Test.-Since the such serums are capable of giving pre- last proportion of serum and antigen dilu- cipitation reactions after dilution. A tion of the routine test is the basis for routine test, therefore, is always made determining the reacting unit, the results before employing the quantitative test of the routine procedure can be readily with a given serum. interpreted in terms of reacting units. Eight tubes are employed in this test, The three types of reactions in the routine THE KAHN PRECIPITATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS 505 TABLE 3. SomE TYPIcAL REACTIONS WITH THE QUANTI4rIvE PROCEDURB. Serum: Salt 1:1 1:5 1:10 1:20 1:30 A:40 1:50 1:60 Four times Serum Solution the maxi- potency Serum Dilu- mum dilu- in terms tionc.c. .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 .15 tion of so- of Antigen Dilu- rum giving reacting tion c.c. .0125 .0125 .0125 .0125 .0125 .0125 .0125 .0125 Precipita- units tion (4D) (S) Serum No. 1 ++++* -1 -44 2 ++++ ++++- - - _ _ - 4x5 20 3 ++++ ++++ ++++- - _ _ - 4x10 40 4 ++++ ++++ ++++++++- - - - 4x20 80 5 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++- _ - 4 x30 120 6 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ _ 4x40 160 7 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++- 4x 50 200 *+ + + + = Complete precipitation reaction. procedure of especial interest in this con- antigen titration for the test with serum nection are: in that the solubility of the precipitates in Standard Antigen Dilution c.c. the various antigen dilutions is tested .05 .025 .0125 with an ammonium sulphate solution ap- Reaction Undiluted Serum c.c. proximating 10 per cent, instead of No. .15 .15 .15 physiologic salt solution. This is neces- 1 ++++ 2 - ++++ ++++ sary because the concentrated spinal fluid 3 ++++ ++++ ++++ to be tested for specific reacting sub- The first reaction, in which the third stances contains approximately 10 per tube only gives a four plus, represents cent ammonium sulphate. four reacting units. The second, in Five 1 c.c. quantities of standard anti- which a four plus results from the use gen are measured into five standard anti- of double the amount of antigen dilution, gen dilution tubes. Into five similar tubes indicates that the serum in a dilution of are measured 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 c.c. 1:2 would give complete precipitatiotn physiologic salt solution, respectively. with 0.0125 c.c. antigen dilution, thus Each of the saline amounts is poured into representing approximately eight react- an antigen tube and the mixture, in each ing units. On the same basis, the third case, immediately poured back and forth reaction indicates that the serum would several times. These five antigen-saline give complete precipitation in a dilution dilutions contain precipitates and, after of 1 :4 and therefore represents at least twenty minutes' standing, the solubility sixteen reacting units. of these precipitates is tested with an ammonium sulphate solution prepared by V. THE TEST WITH SPINAL FLUIDS mixing 1 c.c. of saturated solution with The test with spinal fluids requires pre- 9 c.c. normal saline. These tests are car- liminary concentration of the reacting ried out in duplication employing 0.01 c.c. substances in these fluids with a saturated amounts of the five antigen dilutions with solution of ammonium sulphate.* This 0.15 c.c. quantities of the approximately in turn necessitates a special antigen 10 per cent ammonium sulphate solution. titration. The test consists of one pro- The proportion of ammonium sulphate portion of concentrated fluid and antigen solution to antigen dilution is 15 :1. The dilution and is carried out in duplication. antigen dilutions are pipetted to the bot- Titration of Antigen for Spinal Fluid tom of the tubes with a 0.2 c.c. pipette Test.-This titration differs from the graduated in 0.001 c.c. The ammonium sulphate solution is then added, the tubes * Merck's Reagent Ammonium Sulphate has been shaken for two minutes and 0.2 c.c. saline found to give good results. 506 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH added to each tube to render easier the the inner wall of the tube. The precipi- reading of the results. The dilution of tate immediately dissolves and the result- antigen and saline which contains the ing solution is tested with antigen dilution smallest amount of saline in proportion to in a manner to be described. antigen, giving a precipitate which is Preparation of Antigen Dilution.- soluble in ammonium sulphate solution Antigen is diluted with salt solution as represents the titre of the antigen for described under the test with serum, using spinal fluids. A typical titration is given the proportion indicated by the special in Table 4. titration method. The antigen dilution is TABLE 4. TYpICAL ANTIGEN TITRATION FOR USE WITH SPINAL FLUID. Antigen Dilution Series 1 2 3 4 5 Antigen + Salt Solution c.c. 1 + 1.1 1 + 1.2 1 + 1.3 1 + 1.4 1 + 1.5 Result of Dilution Heavy precipitate in each antigen dilution Tube No. 1 2 Scheme Used in Testing *Antigen Dilution c.c. .01 .01 Solubility of Precipitate in 10% Sol. Ammonium Sulyhate c.c. .15 .15 Each Antigen Dilution Tubes are shaken 2 minutes and 0.2 c.c. salt solution added to each. All are observed for precipitates. Solubility of Precipitate Precipitate Preci itate Precipitate Precipitate Precipitate Not Soluble Not Soluble Not Soluble Soluble Soluble Antigen + min- imum amount of normal sa- line giving pre- Standard Antigen Dilution cipitate which dissolves in 10% ammon- ium sulphate sol. *Each antigen dilution is allowed to stand 20 minutes after mixing antigen and salt solution before solubility test is made. Concentration of Fluid zewith Am- allowed to stand for ten minutes before monium Sulphate.-Three c.c. of spinal use in the test. fluid, previously rendered free from cel- Pipetting of Antigen Dilution.-For lular material by centrifugation, are each fluid to be tested, 0.01 c.c. of antigen pipetted into a centrifuge tube and 2 c.c. dilution is pipetted to the bottom of each of saturated solution ammonium sulphate of two tubes, using a 0.2 c.c. pipette. added (Herrold). This is mixed, per- Pipetting of Concentrated Fluid.- mitted to stand for one hour at room tem- Concentrated spinal fluid in 0.15 c.c. perature and centrifuged at high speed quantities is added to each of the tubes for about fifteen minutes-a period containing the antigen dilution. usually sufficient to completely throw Shaking of Tests.-After the concen- down the globulins. The supernatent fluid trated fluids have been mixed with the is poured off as completely as possible, the antigen dilution, the tests are shaken for last drop adhering to the lip of the tube a two minute period. being taken up with filter paper. The Incubation.-The tests may be read globulin precipitate is found to be immediately after the shaking period. As suspended in a small drop of ammonium in the case of serums, however, a fifteen sulphate solution. Three-tenths c.c. of minute incubation period in the water salt solution (one-tenth of the original bath may be employed, if desired. amount of spinal fluid used) is now added Addition of Salt Solution and Reading to the tube. This is added by lowering of Results.-Immediately before reading the pipette into the tube and running the the tests, 0.2 c.c. salt solution is added to saline down in the center so as to avoid each tube in order to render the negatives washing down ammonium sulphate from clear and reading easier. THE KAHN PRECIPITATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS 507 The results are read as described under pose independently of any other labora- the test with serum. tory procedure provided (1) the workers The Control System.-The controls are performing it have had both training and of particular importance in the spinal experience in bacteriology and immunity fluid test in view of the fact that certaini and that (2) each test is performed in concentrations of ammonium sulphate duplication. are capable of giving precipitates with 2. Special Quantitative Procedure.- standard antigen dilution. The control This procedure is highly quantitative in of particular importance is carried out as character, consisting of eight tubes, each follows: Three c.c. normal saline are containing a constant amount of antigen added to a centrifuge tube and 2 c.c. of a dilution with different dilutions of serum. saturated solution of ammonium sulphate The results with this procedure are al- thoroughly mixed with it. The tube is ways expressed in reacting units and are now emptied, in the same manner as the in this way distinguished from the results spinal fluid tube is emptied after centrifu- with the routine test which are expressed gation, and 0.3 c.c. salt solution added. on a plus sign basis. This procedure We thus have here a concentration of am- enables one to determine the relative num- monium sulphate approaching that in the ber of reacting substances in syphilitic concentrated globulin solution. A regu- serum and is of especial value when it is lar test performed with 0.15 c.c. of this desired to study the quantitative effect of control ammonium sulphate solution and specific treatment on the number of these 0.01 c.c. standard antigen dilution should reacting substances. show no precipitation. An antigen dilution control, 0.01 c.c. 3. Test with Spinal Fluids.-In this mixed with 0.15 c.c. salt solution, is also procedure, the globulins of the fluid are included with the regular tests. Further- precipitated with ammonium sulphate and more, every concentrated fluid to be the precipitate subsequently dissolved in a tested is examined to establish total free- minimum amount of salt solution- dom from foreign particles. Finally, thereby concentrating the reacting sub- positive and negative spinal fluid controls stances of the fluid. This concentrated should accompany each series of tests. fluid is tested with antigen dilution in the Interpretation of Results.-Reactions usual manner. The test is essentially are read on the basis of four, three, two qualitative, its quantitative character be- and one plus, respectively, depending ing limited to the relative intensity of the upon the distinctness of the precipitates. precipitate formed in one proportion of Since the two tubes used for testing each concentrated fluid and antigen dilution. fluid are duplicates, the reactions in the The results with this method appear to two should be identical. conform with the findings of a conserva- tive Wassermann test. VI. SUMMARY ACKNOWLEDGMENT 1. Routine Test with Serum.-This test is quantitative to a limited degree- The writer desires to express his thanks consisting of three tubes, each containing to Dr. W. W. Duemling of this laboratory different proportions of serum and anti- for assistance in the demonstration, and gen dilution. The final result is the aver- particularly to Dr. Wm. A. Hinton of the age of the precipitation findings in the Harvard Medical School for furnishing serums and glassware for the demonstra- three tubes, and is expressed in plus signs. The test is of value both in the tion. REFERENCE diagnosis of syphilis and as a check on 1. Kahn, R. L. The Serology of Syphilis by Pre- treatment. It may be used for this pur- cipitation. (In press.)
Pages to are hidden for
"THE KAHN PRECIPITATION TEST FOR - PDF"Please download to view full document


text:
Seattle sets twin records for warmest February, winter on record
In what will go down as one of the best -- or worst -- winters on record, depending on what you want out of a Seattle winter, now there will be some meteorological trophies to go along with the memories.
Seattle has set its record for all-time warmest February since official measurements began at Sea-Tac Airport. The average temperature (high temperature plus low temperature, divided by two) was 48.8 degrees narrowly edging 1977's record at 48.7. (And I mean narrowly. Had Saturday just been one degree cooler, it would have been a tied record instead.)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
As others see it: English-only idea lacks wisdom
With the start of a new school year, a state budget deficit that only promises to spread misery to virtually every sector of public life and the beginning of the intense election season, you can be sure to hear a lot about edu-cation in the upcoming months.
So, we'd like to throw an idea on the table.
Get the full story
Subscribe or Log In
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? Activate your account.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us or call (800) 274-5445 and we can help you.


text:
Create a free account to check out faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account, and much more.
Please enter your password to continue.
The shower is no place for Spartan minimalism. You deserve the best. Spoil yourself with a shampoo that elevates hair washing to a luxury that is to be savored. Keep hair soft, protected, and free from tangle with this lightweight shampoo. Gentle enough for daily use, it's packed with luxurious—and delicious-sounding—ingredients ranging from lychee to watermelon. These will help preserve natural keratin in hair. Whetting your appetite for breakfast is just a bonus.
This Shampoo is to die for. Any i might have to sell my soul to be able to pay for it each month to wash my long & thick hair!
The texture is thick like honey, but heavier? Its a beautiful golden color and it lathered amazingly. When I washed it out it left my hair soft and silky instead of the dry feeling some shampoos leave. I almost considered not putting the conditioner on.. but i did that too - see that review (spoiler: also awesome..)
I am not one of those big protesters or anything, but I really don't understand why these companies are still using sodium laurel/laureth sulfates, etc. After the amount of time, money, and energy I put into my hair(color), etc., I really can't justify using any product that might be stripping away any money I've spent or work I've done.4
I'm picky about shampoo and conditioner and typically like my duos to have a purpose (volumizing, color lasting, enhancing my blond highlights). This duo didn't mention any particular benefit. The smell was very nice- a subtle herbal scent in my opinion- but the amount of lather for using a quarter-sized amount wasn't impressive.4


text:
|Amazon Price
|New from
|Used from
If you buy a new print edition of this book (or purchased one in the past), you can buy the Kindle edition for only $2.99 (Save 57%). Print edition purchase must be sold by Amazon. Learn more.
Product Details
Would you like to update product info or give feedback on images?
I had read the book, "Butcher, Baker" years ago and it was much better written.
Well, a lot of people accused Mr. Colacurcio of various crimes, but it's very unlikely that he had anything to do with these.
After I saw the movie - I was really interested in this story - read this book and was very disappointed.
The Kindle book had so many spelling/grammatical errors it made it hard to read. The book itself jumped around and didn't stay on a consistent timeline of the events so you could... Read morePublished 7 months ago by Heather
The content of the book was pretty good. Sometimes choppy but overall a good read.
The format was simply awful... Read more
Having lived in Anchorage during the time of Hansen's crime spree, I was so excited to start on this book. Read morePublished 12 months ago by Debra C.
there are so many typos in this book that it takes away from the actual reading and trying to retain it.Published 15 months ago by mytycy
Lots of typos and the story just didn't hold my interest. I had read the book, "Butcher, Baker" years ago and it was much better written. Read morePublished 15 months ago by Patricia Hogberg


text:
Pat Riley offers view inside Heat's NBA Draft war room
The Heat were set on Connecticut point guard Shabazz Napier, but did not know if he would still be around when their No. 26 pick came up in Thursday's NBA Draft.
Miami went into the draft …
5:03 pm Jun. 27, 2014
The Heat were set on Connecticut point guard Shabazz Napier, but did not know if he would still be around when their No. 26 pick came up in Thursday's NBA Draft.
Miami went into the draft …
10:19 pm Jun. 26, 2014
In a blink, it looked like the Charlotte Hornets ruined Miami's shot at picking Shabazz Napier in tonight's draft. However, immediately after taking him at No. 24, Charlotte traded him to the Heat in exchange for the No. 26 pick and an unspecified second-round selection.
5:31 pm Jun. 23, 2014
The NBA Draft has been a nonevent for Miami the past few seasons, but the Heat cannot afford such a lackluster return on their pick this time.
They have the 26th pick this year, their highest …
6:19 pm May. 29, 2014
The Heat are looking for young talent to develop and hope to find a steal late in this year's draft.
Casey Prather, a swing forward from Florida, might be a good bet.
5:47 pm Jun. 26, 2013
Shane Battier's championship celebration isn't exactly over, but the Heat forward already has his mind on next season.
Battier, one of the Heat's heroes in Game 7 of the NBA Finals, expects both Ray Allen and Mike Miller to return to Miami this fall, and he wasn't surprised the Heat quickly exercised starting point guard Mario Chalmers' team option for the 2013-14 season, either.
"We've won back-to-back championships," Battier said on …
2:38 pm Jul. 15, 2010
If you're somewhere between age 25 and 40 and you watched the WWF and WCW in the '80s and 90s, you might get a kick out of this.
And by a kick, we mean a Hulkster …
10:50 am Jul. 13, 2009
The Heat begins its one-week summer practices today, and you can check the roster and my thoughts after the jump:
3:42 pm Jul. 7, 2009
Remember last year's Orlando Summer League? The top two picks of the draft — Chicago's Derrick Rose and Miami's Michael Beasley — were both playing. It was great to see.
Need a Profile? Register Now.{* #userInformationForm *}
Need a Profile? Register Now.{* #userInformationForm *}
Need a Profile? Register Now.{* #userInformationForm *}
We have sent you a verification email. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your profile.
If you do not receive the verification message within a few minutes of signing up, please check your Spam or Junk folder.Close
We look forward to seeing you on [website] frequently. Visit us and sign in to update your profile, receive the latest news and keep up to date with mobile alerts.
Click here to return to the page you were visiting.
Don't worry, it happens. We'll send you a link to create a new password.{* #forgotPasswordForm *} {* forgotPassword_emailAddress *} {* forgotPassword_sendButton *} {* /forgotPasswordForm *}
We have sent you an email with a link to change your password.Close
Click submit to receive another verification email{* #resendVerificationForm *} {* traditionalSignIn_emailAddress *}
Check your email for a verification link


text:
New day. New Daily Deals. Get them before they are gone!
Can't find what you're looking for? Shop all ink and toner cartridges by brand
New Customer ? Start Here.
New day. New Daily Deals. Get them before they are gone!
Item: 946434 Model: SH30100
Staples® Polyolefin shrink film measuring 30" x 100 Gauge x 2620' offers splendid performance on all types and excellent clarity. Biaxially oriented shrink film features puncture resistant and is ideal for cold storage applications.
|Width Details
|Length Details
|Box Quantity
|Thickness Details
|100 Gauge
|Shrink Film Strength
|100 Gauge
|Shrink Film Length
|2000 - 3000'
|Shrink Film Width
|20 - 30"
|Shrink Film Color
|Shrink Film Case Quantity
|1 Per Case
|Color Family
|Stretch Wrap & Strapping Supply Type
|Shrink Wrap
Staples® Domed shrink bag measuring 16" x 16" is constructed from crystal clear PVC film for ultimate durability and provides ...
Staples® Shrink bag measuring 22" x 22" 100 Gauge is made of crystal clear PVC film for long lasting durability and is designed ...
Width: 12". Use to make custom size shrink bags. Pre sealed on two sides. Provides crystal clear high gloss packaging. Can be ...
Staples® Domed shrink bag measuring 26" x 28" is constructed from crystal clear PVC film for ultimate durability and provides ...
Box Packaging Reynolon® Shrink film measuring 10" x 500' is manufactured from PVC for added longevity and has high internal tear ...
This Web site is intended for use by US residents only. See International Sites. See our delivery policy for full details. Copyright 1998-2014, Staples, Inc., All Rights Reserved.


text:
Jake Wright is hoping a full recovery from the injuries which blighted his performances in the spring will see him return to top form when the new season begins.
Oxford United's captain, normally so reliable, made a series of uncharacteristic errors in the closing weeks of last season as the team's promotion challenge fell apart.
The centre back struggled to shake off a knee problem which kept him on the sidelines for six weeks and injuries to other defenders in the small squad meant he volunteered to play before he was ready.
It all boiled over in a heated altercation with a handful of fans after the defeat at Dagenham & Redbridge in March.
Wright's commitment was questioned by some, something the 28-year-old robustly rejects.
And after recovering from the injuries during the summer, the skipper is looking to put it all behind him.
He said: "I didn't do myself any favours and a few fans got on my back thinking I didn't want to be there, but I 100 per cent want to be at Oxford.
"I've always stated I'm happy here."
He added: "I was fit, but I wasn't sharp enough.
"It was plain to see from the silly mistakes I was making – I wouldn't make them when I was fit.
"The year before when I got player of the year I had little niggles, but not bad injuries.
"I think if I'm fit and have little injuries I can get through a season and be consistent.
"That's what I want to achieve this year."
Wright came through 45 minutes in Saturday's 2-1 win at Farnborough and will get more game time under his belt in tonight's friendly at Oxford City (7.45).
Several first-team players, including Danny Hylton and David Hunt, could return after missing the trip to Hampshire with minor niggles.
United are hoping to be boosted by a new face ahead of kick-off.
Boss Michael Appleton said on Saturday he was very confident his first signing, believed to be a midfielder, would be completed before the game.
City's general manager, Justin Merritt, said the game would give players the chance to force their way into his plans for the new campaign.
The last time the sides met, in 2013, City hammered United 5-1, but Merritt says pre-season games are about performances, not results.
2pm Update: Ten now held by police in anti-slavery operation + video and pictures
8:04am Thursday 26th March 2015
TEN people have now been arrested by police following this morning's raids targeting slavery in the city.
Council says millions more are needed to protect children from sex exploitation
9:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
MILLIONS in extra funding is needed to cope with the rising problem of child sex exploitation across Oxfordshire.
Former Oxford schoolgirl wins Waterstone's children's book prize for debut novel
8:00pm Thursday 26th March 2015
A FORMER Oxford schoolgirl has won the Best Young Fiction category at the Waterstone's Children's Book Prze awards.
Witney woman jailed for causing the death of a pensioner by dangerous driving in Curbridge
6:34pm Thursday 26th March 2015
A 58-year-old woman has been jailed after causing the death of a pensioner by dangerous driving.
Trees and wasteland caught fire between Yarnton and the Peartree Interchange
6:33pm Thursday 26th March 2015
A FIRE that blazed through trees and wasteland between Yarnton and the Peartree Interchange has been put out.
Video: Large turn-out to salute return to Britain of soldier Jamie Sawyer after his death in Cyprus
5:37pm Thursday 26th March 2015
SERVICEMEN, veterans, family and friends joined members of the Carterton community this afternoon to pay their respects at the repatriation of Private Jamie Lee Sawyer this afternoon.
Teenage girl from Bicester goes missing again, last seen in Headington
3:07pm Thursday 26th March 2015
A TEENAGE girl has gone missing from Bicester for the second time in a month.
Naked Rambler loses euro court challenge to be nude in public
7:01am Thursday 26th March 2015
THE European Court of Human Rights has rejected a final legal challenge brought by the man known as the Naked Rambler over claims he had a right to be nude in public.
Three people burned as they were forced to flee house fire in Minster Lovell
12:26pm Thursday 26th March 2015
THREE people had to flee a blaze at their home in Minster Lovell, near Witney, last night.
UPDATE: A420 cleared near Tubney following accident involving lorry
10:02am Thursday 26th March 2015
The A420 Westbound near Appleton has been cleared after an accident involving a lorry blocking the road.
Hot party ends science festival for volcanologists
9:30am Thursday 26th March 2015
THE Oxfordshire Science Festival came to an explosive end with a VIP reception for some of the county's leading scientists – including volcanologists.
Story museum's latest display is quick on the draw
9:30am Thursday 26th March 2015
THE latest offering from the Story Museum in Pembroke Street is shifting the emphasis away from the verbal, and into the visual.
GOLF: Eddie Pepperell eyeing major chance
9:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
Abingdon golfer Eddie Pepperell believes the US PGA Championship in August is his best chance of playing at a major this year.
Children see the world from a new point of view
9:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
THESE pupils had the world at their fingertips as they swapped the classroom for a giant balloon.
Oxford United sign striker Kyle Vassell on loan
4:00pm Thursday 26th March 2015
OXFORD United have signed Peterbrough striker Kyle Vassell on loan until the end of the season.
Sam Long sparkles in Oxford United win
8:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
Sam Long hit the opener and made the second as a youthful Oxford United development side beat their Oxford City counterparts 2-0 yesterday.
Michael Appleton's calmness is a big asset, says Michael Collins
8:00am Tuesday 24th March 2015
Midfielder Michael Collins says head coach Michael Appleton's calm persona will help banish Oxford United's relegation fears.
Michael Collins tells Oxford United teammates to put bodies on the line
9:30am Monday 23rd March 2015
MICHAEL Collins believes Oxford United's players have to fight for their livelihoods and be willing to put their bodies on the line for the sake of the club's Football League status, writes JACK JOHNSON.
Oxford United boss Michael Appleton is frustrated by lack of goals
8:00am Monday 23rd March 2015
Michael Appleton was left disappointed by Oxford United's lack of cutting edge, after his side did everything but score against promotion-chasing Shrewsbury Town, writes JACK JOHNSON.
FOOTBALL Oxford United's midfielder Balmy signs on loan for Oxford City
12:00am Friday 27th March 2015
Oxford City have bolstered their ranks ahead of tomorrow's vital trip to Vanarama Conference North playoff rivals Hednesford Town, writes Marrhew Bruce.
Oxford United sign striker Kyle Vassell on loan
4:00pm Thursday 26th March 2015
OXFORD United have signed Peterbrough striker Kyle Vassell on loan until the end of the season.
BRADLEY SMITH COLUMN: Excitement is building as the season is upon us
2:00pm Thursday 26th March 2015
It didn't take a bang on the door at 6.15 in the morning to make me realise just what a massive international sport MotoGP has become – but it was certainly a reminder.
RUGBY: World Cup trophy set for Oxford visit
11:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
THE Rugby World Cup trophy will be in Oxford for two days in August, just weeks before England bid to win the tournament on home soil.
GOLF: Eddie Pepperell eyeing major chance
9:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
Abingdon golfer Eddie Pepperell believes the US PGA Championship in August is his best chance of playing at a major this year.
BOWLS: John Cox takes on Martin Shepherd for Oxfordshire singles title
8:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
Competition organiser John Cox takes on Martin Shepherd in an all-Chipping Norton battle in the Oxfordshire Indoor singles final at Oxford City & County today (3pm).
ICE HOCKEY: Oxford City Stars fail to secure survival and now face anxious wait
8:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
Oxford City Stars are sweating on the result of the penultimate game of the season which will determine if they remain in English National League South Division 1.
RACING: Unbeaten Limato bound for Ascot
8:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
Limato , Wantage trainer Henry Candy's unbeaten gelding, is set to make his eagerly-anticipated return at Ascot on Wednesday, April 29.
RUGBY UNION: Tag festival proves a success
8:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
More than 650 children took part in Oxfordshire's tag rugby festival at Gosford All Blacks on Sunday.
Sam Long sparkles in Oxford United win
8:00am Thursday 26th March 2015
Sam Long hit the opener and made the second as a youthful Oxford United development side beat their Oxford City counterparts 2-0 yesterday.


text:
840 South Grand Highway
Clermont, Florida, 34711
Commute to Downtown Clermont
Most errands require a car.
Score Details
840 South Grand Highway has a Walk Score of 37 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so most errands require a car.
This location is in Clermont. Nearby parks include William McKinley Park and Clarence Bishop Memorial Field.
Nearby schools include Clermont Elementary School, Citrus Heights Academy and Land Of Lakes Montessori School.
The closest grocery stores are Health Basket of Clermont, Pet Supermarket and Winn-Dixie.
Nearby coffee shops include Dunkin' Donuts and Design Mine Art Studio and Cafe. Nearby restaurants include Tony's Italian Restaurant, Chinese Buffet and Little Caesars.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 840 South Grand Highway.
Bus lines:
0.8 mi
0.8 mi
View all Clermont apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include pool, single family and fitness.
This location is in the city of Clermont, FL. Clermont has an average Walk Score of 20 and has 28,742 residents.Learn More About Clermont


text:
Located above a bookstore, this large space accommodates auditorium seating, boardroom, classroom or u-shaped setups. The adjacent Library features a luxurious living room with fireplace. For groups up to 35; not wheelchair accessible.
Fearrington's wine program is delighted to offer 10% off six or more bottles of wine purchased at The Goat! Whether you ask The Goat's wine guru to mix and match a custom case, or you choose the bottles yourself, you'll enjoy wines from hand-selected producers at a great value!


text:
Research Output for Timothy C. Hughes
Note: The 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 publications have not been audited.
Jump to: Publications | Grants and Consultancies | HDR completions
Timothy C. Hughes may be from another institution or only recently joined Deakin University.
2012 External
Peng, Shuhua, Hartley, Patrick G.*, Hughes, Timothy C.* and Guo, Qipeng (2012) Controlling morphology and porosity of porous siloxane membranes through water content of precursor microemulsion, Soft matter, vol. 8, no. 40, pp. 10493-10501, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England [C1]
ERA journal ID: 30185 – Scopus EID: 2-s2.0-84866995181
Citation counts: Scopus - 5, Thomson - 5
DRO entry for this publication
2011 External
Peng, Shuhua, Guo, Qipeng, Hughes, Timothy C.* and Hartley, Patrick G.* (2011) In situ synchrotron SAXS study of polymerizable microemulsions, Macromolecules, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 3007-3015, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C. [C1]
ERA journal ID: 1687 – Scopus EID: 2-s2.0-79955002034
Citation counts: Scopus - 11, Thomson - 11
DRO entry for this publication
Grants and Consultancies
All years
Research Income - National Competitive Grants
Guo, Q, Hartley, P*, Hughes, T*, Hughes, T* and Martin, D*. Nanoporous Siloxane Membranes for Ultrasound Mediated Ophthalmic Drug Delivery, ARC Collaborative - Linkage - Projects (Round 2) [T]
- 2012: $41,539
Higher Degree by Research Completions supervised by Timothy C. Hughes
No completions found or audited.
- Legend:
- * Not a member of Deakin University at time of output.
DRO to publications collection last synchronised: Sunday 29th March 2015 10:04pm


text:
The Top 10 In Action Sports
01These Incredible Photos of 'Unseen New York' Show a Whole New Side to the City
0210 Sketchy Trailside Fixes that Every Mountain Biker Should Know
03Here's The Biggest MX Jumps Ever Hit Collected in 2 Minutes of Video Glory
04This Guy Filmed His Beard Growing As He Walked 3000 Miles Across Asia... It's Strangely Hypnotic
05Here's The Stunning Feature That Shows The Dark Side of Professional Mountain Biking
06Sailing Into A Cyclone: This Has To Be One Of The Most Dangerous Races On Earth
07Ever Wanted To Own Your Own Ski Resort? Now You Can... For Just $900,000
08This is What Happened When Three Pros Tried To Go Mountain Biking on a Glacier
09Dirt Jumps, Zebras and A Motocross Legend: This Red Bull Feature is Essential Viewing For Any MX Fan
10Introducing The Greatest Skateboarder You've Never Heard Of… And He's Only 11 Years Old
Jake Nicholls Interview from Foxhill
We caught up with HM Plant Red Bull KTM rider Jake Nicholls at the 5th round of the Maxxis British championship. The venue was Foxhill quite possibly the most famous circuit in the UK. Jake talks about his year so far and how he keeps himself focused on his challenge to win the 2010 MX2 championship.
What Do You Think?
Get the best in action sports straight to your inbox


text:
Alexander Sedgwick, Jansenism in Seventeenth-century France (1977), is an introduction to Jansenist theology and philosophy. Marc Escholier, Port-Royal: The Drama of the Jansenists (1968), explains the relationship between Jansen and Saint-Cyran and discusses the theological theses supported in Jansen's Augustinus.
Cornelius Otto Jansen
- Article
- Bibliography
- Contributors
Flemish theologian
- Read
- Edit
- View History
- Feedback
Alternate title: Cornelius Jansenius
What made you want to look up Cornelius Otto Jansen?


text:
Tal Shiar ship sets?
View Single Post
Career Officer
Join Date: Jun 2012
Posts: 19
# 1
Tal Shiar ship sets?
Just wondering what everyone will use with these new ships.
Being borg tech refitted ships, is everyone going to use the borg sets?
Or since they are romulan ships, will everyone use the romulan and reman sets we've been grinding for?
Im a firm believer that each ship should have its own sets.
(example: Breen ship/breen set and torpedoes)
I want a ship for the romulan sets with romulan weapons. but you also need a hangar for the romulan fighters.
Right now my vesta is equiped with everything, but its a fed ship so i dont like it.


text:
Thanks for taking the time to report this user.
Your participation helps keep Airbnb a safe and trusted
community, and it doesn't go unnoticed!
Meu nome é Carla, sou portuguesa licenciada em direito. Adoro praia e estar com amigos.
Carla has completed online and offline ID verification.
Learn more »
Everything went super smooth with Carla, who looked after the place very well. Respectful, clean, considerate, communication was easy, so I'd recommend them as a guests for the Airbnb community, for sure! Thanks guys and we hope you stay with us again next time you're in Rio!


text:
We are excited about our upcoming Spring 2015 Book Fair; Please help us reach our gross sales goal of $10,000.
Friday, April 10
8 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Monday, April 13
Tuesday, April 14
8 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. (Family Night begins at 4 p.m.)
Wednesday, April 15
Thursday, April 16
8 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Friday, April 17—last day!
8 a.m. to 11:00 a.m.—closes early!!!
All students (K-12th) are welcome! The K-8 students will have the opportunity to visit & shop the Book Fair with their classes. Mark your calendar for our Family Night (Tuesday, April 14, 4 p.m. to 7:30 p.m.) when you can help your child select books as well as select books from their Teacher's Classroom Library Wish List. Don't miss this opportunity to light up your child's face with the excitement of reading a good book or do some holiday gift buying!
We Need Volunteers!
Love books? Volunteer to help at the Book Fair. You can help decorate and setup, help kids select books, work on refreshments, give a book talk, or help pack up. There are lots of ways to participate.
To volunteer, please contact Mrs. Stainton in the Library directly at 720-274-2047.
Students have begun testing this week. Please remember to feed your children a healthy breakfast. This will help them concentrate on the tests and do their best.
We Are Pinnacle!
En un esfuerzo por mejorar la seguridad de nuestros estudiantes al cruzar el estacionamiento estamos pidiendo que los teléfonos celulares no deben ser utilizados cuando usted está entrandoal estacionamiento. Hemos tenido varios incidentes en los que los conductores estaban utilizando sus teléfonos y no están prestando atención a las personas que están dirigiendo el tráfico. Estamos en el estacionamiento para mantener el movimiento rapido del tráfico y para mantener a todos nuestros estudiantes seguros, ya que están llegando a la escuela y salir. La parte más importante de nuestro trabajo es la seguridad de los estudiantes, y nosotros lo tomamos en serio. Por favor ayúdenos a hacer su parte y asegurarse de que no se distraiga con nada mientras conduce en el estacionamiento de la escuela.
Dear Parents and Guardians,
The Pinnacle Charter School is committed to supporting the educational needs of our students. If your children attend Pinnacle and are living in the following situations there may be additional educational support available to you. Supports that may be available include: transportation services, information about additional health or educational services, resources for after-school programs, and payment of costs associated with uniforms or graduation.
Are you or your children:
o sharing living arrangements with other people due to your loss of housing, economic hardship, or for a similar reason?
o living in a motel, hotel, trailer park or camping ground due to the lack of alternative accommodations?
o living in an emergency or transitional shelter?
o living in a public or private place not designated for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping area?
o living in a car, park, or public space?
If any of these situations apply to your students attending Pinnacle, please contact the Pinnacle school counselor by October 10, 2014.
Pinnacle Elementary School
Pinnacle Middle School
Pinnacle High School
Hope Reilly
(303) 450-3985 ext. 1123
Jessica Lindstrom
(303) 450-3985 ext. 1166
Janelle Bonavida
(303) 412-2940 ext. 2009
Kara Johnson
(303) 412-2940 ext. 2010
If you have questions about this program, please contact the school counselor or Jennifer Archuleta, the Pinnacle McKinney-Vento School Liaison (303) 450-3985 ext. 1113 or email@example.com.
Click Here for Spanish: Spanish Version
Click Below to view the 2014-2015 school calendar.
2014-2015 School Calendar
Creating a safe, supportive school community
Fostering a structured environment to prepare students for college and career
Using data and the state standards to support learning
Striving for excellence in everything we do
Tuesday, March 31, 2015


text:
Chain Maille
Chain Maille
- 694 Pins
Free Chainmail Patterns Chain Maille | Chain maille
Chainmail Jewelry, Chains Together, Spirals Chainmaille, Chainmaille Bracelets, Chainmail Bracelets, Freedom Design, Chainmaille Earring, Sparkly Spirals, Sweets Freedom
Spiral chain maille
Sweet Freedom Designs: Very Sparkly Spiral Chainmaille Bracelet and Earrings
Very Sparkly Spiral Chainmaille Earrings by Sweet Freedom Designs
Chain maille on Pinterest
Free Chainmail Patterns Chain Maille | Chain Maille
Chains Together, Weaving Ears, Chainmaille Earrings, Jewelry Chainmaille, Chainmail Pattern, Diy Jewelry, Free Chainmaille Patterns, Weaving Earrings, Barrels Weaving
Barrel Weave Earrings
barrel weave earings 1.5 inch drop
Barrel Weave chain maille earrings
Barrel weave Gorgeous chainmaille earrings. Again no directions but could figure out from picture. Beautiful.
Barrel Weave Earrings
Free Chainmail Patterns Chain Maille | in 1 chain this is the 2 in 1 chain also called 1 on 1 it is the ...
Chains Together, Chainmaille Jewelry Tutorial, Chainmail Jewelry Pattern, Chain Mail, Chainmail Jewelry Diy, Chainmail Pattern, Free Chainmaille Tutorial, Diy Chainmail Jewelry, Free Diy Chainmaille Patterns
Patterns of chain mail
M.A.I.L. - Maille Artisans International League - Member Page
#chainmaille Caged Fried Marbles - nice accents to purses.I used too small rings; it was a pain to hold marble still and hook rings over it. Those who have experience w/jewerly making will love. Not for me.
Chainmaille Earrings, Cages Pendants, Chainmail Necklace, Cages Beads, Marbles Crafts, Cages Stones, Fries Marbles, Bracelets Charms, Cages Earrings
Caged stone pendants
Caged beads
Caged Earrings, fried marbles
Caged Jems - cool idea for bracelet charms!
Indulgy - Everyone deserves a perfect world!
Stepping Stones by Redcrow at Corvus Chainmaille
Chains Together, Mystic Topaz, Angled Point, Chainmaille Earrings, Jewelry Chainmaille, Chainmail Earrings, Step Stones, Diy Projects, Stepping Stones
Stepping Stones
One earring with Mystic Topaz. I took quite a few pics of these because it was really difficult to get the colours in the Mystic Topaz to show up. This is why some of the pics are at at angle pointing down.
Summer Breezes from Step by Step Wire Jewelry - sample by Blue Buddha Boutique
Wire Jewelry, Buddha Boutiques, Blue Buddha, Chains Together, Breeze Chainmaille, Chainmaille Pendants, Chainmaille Supplies, Summer Breeze, Chainmaille Image
Cool Summer Breezes chainmaille image
chainmaille pendant with crystals
Cool Summer Breezes by Lauren Anderson | Blue Buddha Boutique
Captive Caterpillar Chainmaille Bracelet - Bead Style Magazine Community - Forums and Photo Galleries
Chains Together, Chainmaille Bracelets, 18 Gauges, Jumping Rings, Beads Style, Captive Caterpillar, Style Magazines, Silver Toggle, Caterpillar Chainmaille
Captive Caterpillar Chainmaille Bracelet - Bead Style Magazine
Captive Caterpillar - Copper and Silver Filled Chainmaille Bracelet with Copper and Silver Toggle. Crafted using 18 gauge jump rings
Captive Caterpillar Chainmaille Bracelet - Bead Style Magazine
Vyking's Triskelion 25.jpg (799×799)
Wire Jewelry, Chains Together, Chainmail Pendants, Scales Chainmaille, Components Ideas, Chain Mail Jewelry, Chainmail Armor Diy, Chain Maille Jewelry Necklaces, Jewelry Diy
2-in-2 Chainmaille Tennis Bracelet | JewelryLessons.com
Chains Together, Tennis Bracelets, Chainmaille Tennis, 2 In 2 Chainmaille, Chainmaille Bracelets, Chainmail Bracelets, Bracelets Retail
chainmaille bracelet
2-in-2 Chainmaille Tennis Bracelet (Retail Tutorial)
2-in-2 Chainmaille Tennis Bracelet | JewelryLessons.com
Pendants Chainmaille, Chains Together, Chainmail Pendants, Chainmaille Kits, Chainmail Ideas, Diy Jewelry, Chainmaille Inspiration, Chainmaille Design, Flower Pendants
Chain maille Rosets
Peony Flower Pendant Chainmaille Kit and Tutorial | DIY Jewelry | Blue Buddha Boutique
Chainmaille Chain Mail Jewelry | chainmaille chainmaile chainmail chain maille maile bracelet jewelry ...
Chainmail Jewelry, Chains Together, Chainmail Pendants, Chainmail Helm, Simple Chainmail, Wire Work, Simple Helm, Chainmail Tutorials, Helm Pendants
chainmaille jewelry | chainmaille chainmaile chainmail chain maille maile bracelet jewelry ...
Simple Chainmail Helm Pendant by Makin The Best of It - NOT A TUTORIAL, JUST AN IDEA
Simple Helm Pendant
chainmail jewelry | Chainmaille Pendants « Loving Handmade . . . could I do that?
Chainmaille Pendants | Loving Handmade
Tri Again Pendant with chain
Chainmaille Necklaces
Tri Again Pendant with chain on Handmade Artists' Shop
Specials 2 | Magpie Annie
Jewelry Chains Maille, Add Beads, Annie Chainmail, Chainmail Ideas, Chainmail Bracelets, Bracelets Chainmail, Maille Jewelry, Chainmaille Anklet, Chainmaille Bracelets Anklets
Specials 2 | Magpie Annie chainmail bracelets, could add beads to the center design.
Specials 2 | Magpie Annie
Four Winds Chainmaille
Chainmail Diy, Chainmaille No Tutorials, Chains Together, Chainmail Keychain, Diy Knytte, Wind Chainmaille Must, Chainmaille Keychains, Chainmaille Keyring, Wind Chainmaille No
Chainmaille Keychains
Four Winds #Chainmaille #keyrings
Chainmail Bracelet Pattern :: Items :: EverQuest :: ZAM
Chainmail Jewelry, Chains Together, Jewelry Pattern, Chainmaille Bracelets, Maille Book, Bracelets Pattern, Chainmail Bracelets, Wire Bracelets, Book Reviews
Blue wire bracelet
chainmail jewelry | Chainmaille Jewelry: Some examples of chainmaille jewelry:
Jump Ring Jewelry Patterns | Supplier of chain maille jump rings, instructions, tutorials, kits ...
Chain Maille Book Review - Chained - The Beading Gem's Journal
Free Chainmail Patterns
Silver Chainmaille Chain Maille Bracelet with Gold Square Faceted Crystals
Chains Bracelets, Stuff, Chains Maille And Beads, Chainmaille Bracelets, Chainmail Jewelry Diy, Chainmail Bracelets, Silver Chainmaille, Chainmaille Chains, Chainmaille Diy
Silver Chainmaille Chain Maille Bracelet with Gold Square Faceted Crystals GV-1018
chain mail choker
Chains Together, Chainmaille Pattern, Crenelated 3 Sheet, Chain Mail, Jewelry Chainmaille, Chainmail Pattern, Jewelry Ideas, Inspirace Chaimaille, Chainmail Necklaces
chainmail necklace
Chainmaille Pattern
M.A.I.L. - Maille Artisans International League - Gallery Image
Chainmaille and Czech bead bracelet on Etsy, £45.00
Beads Bracelets Ideas, Jewelry Inspiration Chainmail, Inspiration Chainmaille, Jewelry Inspirationchainmail, Czech Beads, Beads Jewelry, Chains Maille Tutorials, Chain Maille Jewellery, Chains Maille Jewellery
Rubber Polyiamond Rings Japanese Chainmaille by TheChainmailleLady, $29.00
Polyiamond, Chains Together, Chainmaille Doors, Doors Thechainmailleladi, Rings Japanese, Chainmail Doors, Japan Chainmail, 100 Euro, Japanese Chainmaille
Chainmaille Tutorial
Chains Together, Amazing Crafts, Crafts Ideas, Chainmaille Tutorials, Jewelry Crafts, Chainmail Tutorials, Chainmaille Jewelry, Craft Ideas, Easy Chainmaille
Easy Chainmaille. #Wire #Jewelry #Tutorials
Chainmaille Tutorial - would make a nice belt or veil cover?
Jewelry Craft Ideas - Pandahall.com
Chain maille Tutorial
51ae497ee0a1d a grouped image for pinterest


text:
"The harder you work, the luckier you get."
Gary Player
Below is the poem entitled LIGHTS OF THE CITY which was written by poet
schaber. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Craig Schaber
Lights of the city far away they look so pretty. As I get closer your lights seem warm and
bright as I search all through the night. But right next to you you're not as warm as I had
dreamed. I should never have traveled so far now all I want is to go back and just see you
from afar. Your lights how pretty they are.


text:
Just popping in....old & new projects...
Hi all....it's been a while, so busy with health issues around here, hardly mosaicing at all. It's great to see so many familiar names still here.
I did finish that boot I started a long time ago. The back side of it is mirror...
I started on this guitar a month ago, had to put it aside while daughter was in hospital...I hope to get back to it very soon...I'm having trouble deciding what to do with it next
Oh, GC - how nice to see you back. LOVE the boot. What are the brownish/goldish tiles up the back of the first image? Looks a bit like Van Gogh, but ???? This boot is so pretty, I'd like to wear it. Girlie!!! I don't know what you're talking about - not knowing where to go on the guitar. What you've done is superb - so much depth. You really have a great start.
Thanks, GC. I thought your guitar beginning was wonderful. The shading made it look so 3-D. I know though, if you don't "feel" it's right - take it off. I seldom do, and that's why my work turns primitive. You're a perfectionist - evidence your wonderful table - and I'm sure when you DO decide, it'll be a real beauty. Huuuuuuuuury.
That's PERFECT, GC. I love your design, especially the scallops. Your use of the glass saw is superb. If the red glass is what I think it is, I get the same thing at Hobby Lobby. It's a beautiful cherry red, bumpy glass - love it. Whatcha gonna fill in with?
Front of guitar is done! Pretty quick for me, lol. Next the sides, in black glass with green musical notes is the plan. More shooting stars on bottom. Just gonna paint the back shiny black.


text:
Prevalence of the pathogenic chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, in an endangered population of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens
1 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, Station CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3N5, Canada
2 BC Hydro, Unit 1 1007 11th Avenue, Golden, British Columbia, V0A 1H0, Canada
3 Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program - Columbia Basin, 103-333 Victoria Street, Nelson, British Columbia, V1L 4K3, Canada
4 BC Ministry of Environment, PO Box 9338 Stn Prov Govt, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 9M1, Canada
5 Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture & Lands, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia, V3G 2M3, Canada
BMC Ecology 2010, 10:6 doi:10.1186/1472-6785-10-6Published: 4 March 2010
Emerging infectious diseases threaten naïve host populations with extinction. Chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease of amphibians, is caused by the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and has been linked to global declines in amphibians.
We monitored the prevalence of Bd for four years in the Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, which is critically imperiled in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The prevalence of Bd initially increased and then remained constant over the last three years of the study. Young of the year emerging from breeding ponds in summer were rarely infected with Bd. Some individuals cleared their Bd infections and the return rate between infected and uninfected individuals was not significantly different.
The BC population of R. pipiens appears to have evolved a level of resistance that allows it to co-exist with Bd. However, this small population of R. pipiens remains vulnerable to extinction.


text:
wanted: wanted: ma's ching dynasty and ma's toxic spill
rachelcharlieSeptember 13, 2007
Hello! I was hoping I could find someone that had leaves of one or both of these to trade. In return I could trade you leaves of any or all of these! I have:
Rococo pink
Lucky Lady Bug
Robs Ooey Gooey
Robs Smarty Pants
Operas Romeo
Jean-Pierre Croteau
Apache War Bonnet
Robs Outer Ordit
Optimara Susi


text:
Thione and his son Wally Seck visited Cincinnati Ohio for a live show. Father and son are both famous Senegalese singers.
filmed with Sony hxr-nx70u
Loading more stuff…
Hmm…it looks like things are taking a while to load. Try again?
TM + © 2015 Vimeo, LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with k in NYC.
Your content preferences apply to any Vimeo videos you view. Learn more about content preferences in our FAQ.


text:
iLounge debuts iLounge NYC accessory event at CE Week 2013
iLounge today announced the creation of iLounge NYC, a curated special event and exhibition area at CE Week 2013. Working with CE Week and the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), iLounge will bring the Apple accessory world to Manhattan, beginning with a special event for trade and media members on June 25, and a curated exhibition space on June 26 and 27. iLounge NYC will be the back-to-school/holiday-focused version of the incredibly successful winter iLounge Pavilion at CES in Las Vegas, which now occupies over 120,000 square feet of floor space — the largest unified exhibition area at the show.
"Apple accessory makers know that the iLounge Pavilion is the best place to debut their winter and spring lineups," said Jeremy Horwitz, iLounge's Editor-in-Chief. "We're thrilled to curate a new iLounge NYC event to preview the year's biggest back-to-school and holiday releases—at a great venue, within a city known for its love of Apple products."
The full press release follows. Companies interested in additional details on iLounge NYC and the iLounge Pavilion should contact Jeremy Horwitz today.
CE Week Partners with iLounge for iLounge NYC Event and Exhibit
iLounge NYC will preview exciting holiday Apple accessory lineups in Manhattan
New York, NY – March 18, 2013 – CE Week, the consumer electronics and technology industry's annual mid-year event, announced today its partnership with leading independent Apple publication iLounge to create iLounge NYC, a special event and exhibition area at the 2013 CE Week. The iLounge Pavilion at CES in Las Vegas occupies over 120,000 square feet of floor space, and has grown to become the largest unified exhibition area at the show. More new Apple-related products are debuted each year in the iLounge Pavilion than anywhere else in the world. iLounge NYC will bring the excitement and vitality of the thriving Apple accessory industry to Manhattan for a summertime exhibition of the best upcoming iPad, iPhone, and iPod products.
On June 25, 2013, iLounge will host an exclusive, invitation-only VIP event for members of the media and trade ahead of the CE Week Line Shows and Exhibits, offering a preview of some of the great new products expected for the second half of 2013. Invitees will be able to schedule in-depth appointments with exhibitors for the next day and a half at the Line Shows and Exhibits, June 26-27, 2013.
"Apple accessory makers know that the iLounge Pavilion is the best place to debut their winter and spring lineups," said Jeremy Horwitz, Editor-in-Chief of iLounge. "We're thrilled to curate a new iLounge NYC event to preview the year's biggest back-to-school and holiday releases—at a great venue, within a city known for its love of Apple products."
"CE Week is bringing together the best of the best in the consumer electronics industry, from top media and event partners to leading manufacturers and innovative start-ups, for a week-long celebration of technology," said Martin Porter, Co-founder of CE Week. "iLounge NYC is a great addition to the 2013 CE Week line-up and we look forward to working with the iLounge team to make CE Week the best place for Apple accessory makers to debut their summer and fall line-ups."
CE Week Line Shows and Exhibits will bring together the top media, trade analysts and technology thought leaders for two days of product exhibitions, conference panels, presentations and workshops focused on innovation and what's hot in consumer electronics. The 2013 CE Week Line Shows and Exhibits are scheduled for June 26-27 at the Metropolitan Pavilion in New York City.
About CE Week
CE Week is the consumer electronics (CE) industry's weeklong, citywide event in New York City. The official mid-year meeting, conference and new technology showcase includes the event headquarters, CE Week Line Shows and Exhibits, which is the site of CE Week's largest exhibition hall and conference program. CE Week is organized in association with the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA)®, along with Martin Porter Associates and Consumer Technology Publishing Group/NAPCO, publisher of Dealerscope, Custom Retailer and Tell Magazines.
About iLounge
iLounge, Inc. is the exclusive partner of the Consumer Electronics Association for the iLounge Pavilion, a collection of iPad, iPhone, iPod, and Mac products that is now the largest dedicated exhibition area at the International Consumer Electronics Show. As the world's leading provider of iPod, iPhone, iPad, and iTunes information, iLounge is fully independent from Apple and vendors of related hardware, software, and services, with offices in Irvine, California and East Amherst, New York. Founded only days after Apple announced the first iPod in 2001, iLounge has exploded in popularity, today boasting millions of visitors and tens of millions of page views each month. Praised for years as "the ultimate in product reviews and tutorials on all things iPod," iLounge and its team have been spotlighted by the Associated Press, CNBC, Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, and many other leading publications.
Related Stories
- iLounge Weekly arrives Monday, sign up now
- iLounge Weekly coming Monday, sign up now
- Follow iLounge's live Twitter coverage of today's Apple event
- iLounge Weekly arrives on Monday, sign up now
- iLounge Weekly coming Monday, subscribe now
- iLounge Weekly arrives Monday, sign up now
Recent News
- iLounge Weekly arrives Monday, sign up now
- Apple retail stores to have very limited Apple Watch stock
- Apple quietly acquiring companies to improve cloud services?
- Apple planning to release three iPhone models this year?
- Report reveals more details on Apple's upcoming music service
- Apple adds CNNgo channel to Apple TV
- Apple acquires database company FoundationDB
- Apple releases iOS 8.3 beta 4
- Apple adds Tastemade, TED, Young Hollywood channels to Apple TV
- Source: Italian prosecutors wrap up Apple tax probe
Recent Reviews
- OORT SmartFinder, SmartLED + SmartSocket
- RooCase Exec Tough for iPhone 6 Plus
- Pronto Smart Remote System
- iWalk Extreme Spartan
- EnerPlex Surfr for iPhone 6
- IK Multimedia iRig 2 Guitar Interface
- PowerSkin Pop'n 3 for iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus
- Coogobox Symphony Dock for iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus
- PowerSkin Spare for iPhone 6
- Chil Attraction Jacket for iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus
Recent Articles
- Can I turn off the app icons that appear in the bottom corner on the lock screen?
- Why do I have two separate conversations with the same person in Messages?
- Can I transfer the existing version of an app to my new iPhone?
- How do I quickly erase all of the contacts on my old iPhone?
- How do I disassociate my phone number from iMessage?
- How do I stop Siri from randomly waking up?
- How do I cancel a print job on iOS?
- How do I make my camera LED flash when my iPhone rings?
- How do I re-sync contacts to my vehicle after switching to a new iPhone?
- How do I move away from a shared Apple ID for iMessage?


text:
Written for those working to heal developmental trauma and seeking new tools for self-awareness and growth, this book focuses on conflicts surrounding the capacity for connection. Explaining that an impaired capacity for connection to self and to others and the ensuing diminished aliveness are the hidden dimensions that underlie most psychological and many physiological problems, clinicians Laurence Heller and Aline LaPierre introduce the NeuroAffective Relational Model® (NARM), a unified approach to developmental, attachment, and shock trauma that, while not ignoring a persons past, emphasizes working in the present moment. NARM is a somatically based psychotherapy that helps bring into awareness the parts of self that are disorganized and dysfunctional without making the regressed, dysfunctional elements the primary theme of the therapy. It emphasizes a persons strengths, capacities, resources, and resiliency and is a powerful tool for working with both nervous system regulation and distortions of identity such as low self-esteem, shame, and chronic self-judgment.
Laurence Heller, PhD, is the originator of the NeuroAffective Relational Model©, a unified approach to developmental, attachment, and shock trauma. He co-founded the Gestalt Institute of Denver and is a senior faculty member for the Somatic Experiencing Training Institute.
Aline LaPierre, PsyD, is an adjunct faculty member in the somatic doctoral program at Santa Barbara Graduate Institute. Trained as a psychoanalyst and as a hands-on somatic psychotherapist, she has been in private practice in Los Angeles for more than 25 years.
There are currently no product reviews for this product.
Overstock.com values your opinion. Please take a moment and share what you like or don't like about a product.
This item will be delivered to you via USPS Trackable Media Mail or UPS Mail Innovations and will take from 2 days to 3 weeks from the time the item leaves our warehouse. *
Items must be returned in new or unused condition and contain all original materials included with the shipment. More details
FINAL SALE EXCLUSION: Items marked as FINAL SALE are not returnable unless the problem you experience is the result of our error.
* For your protection, all orders are screened for security purposes. If your order is selected for review, our Loss Prevention Team may contact you by phone or email. There may be a two business day delay to process your order.
** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


text:
You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your ReverbNation experience.
dB Sound Studios is the premier recording studio in the southern Bay Area. Working with every genre, and artists at all levels, dB Sound Studios can take the sound of any band or musician to the next level.
Website: http://www.dbsoundstudios.com/
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/dbsoundstudios
© 2015 eMinor Incorporated
All trademarks are the property of the respective owners. ReverbNation is not affiliated with the trademark owners.
Not listening to anything?
Try one of the ReverbNation Channels


text:
How to dye the perfect Easter egg—no kit required!
Why your BF doesn't notice your new 'do
Dear Carol: How can I turn my attitude around?
Taylor Swift is retiring - and it's breaking our hearts
April Fools' Day: Jokes on You!
5 spring jackets you need in your closet NOW
#WeTriedIt: Caress touch-activated scented body wash
10 foolproof ways to make yourself a morning person
Share your thoughts on our April/May 2015 music issue! What did YOU love?
R5: All Day, All Night: Exclusive one-night event!
More Friends = More Fun
GL Tweets !
1 HOURS AGO What your pimples are *really* trying to tell ya: http://t.co/2Qi4QkRLmL
2 HOURS AGO #WeTriedIt: Caress touch-activated scented body wash: http://t.co/CTt5jVgimu
3 HOURS AGO #DailyGiveaway! http://t.co/qzKymVAHVa
sponsored links
Check these out, too...
The show revolves around a
new family made up of a mom and a dad, each with children from previous
marriages. They buy a dog for their kids in the hopes of uniting them as
siblings and friends. But as it turns out, their new dog Stan runs his very own
blog! Hilarity ensues as the kids get to know each other and Stan tells all on
his website about his new and dysfunctional fam.
We caught up with
13-year-old G Hannelius, who plays
Avery on the show—and we we're super psyched to learn that she is a GL
subscriber…and it is her favorite magazine! How cool is that?
Read on to see what your
fellow #GLgirl G has to say about family, pets, and everything in between!
GL: What do you love most about your character,
G: I love that she is a
problem solver. Whenever a problem arises, she always comes up with a solution!
What's one of the funniest things that has happened
on the Dog with a Blog set so far?
Definitely when I had to
smash a watermelon on a table with a wooden mallet. Pieces were flying
everywhere and the whole cast was drenched in watermelon juices. Plus, we had
to do it THREE times!
Do you have any pets in real life?
Yes, I have two dogs. One is
actually a rescue, like Stan.
If you were to dress a pet up in a Halloween costume
this year, what would it be?
I actually bought a pumpkin
costume for my miniature pincher, but he wouldn't keep the little pumpkin stem
hat on.
If you could swap places with any animal for a day,
which would you pick?
I think that I would be one
of my own two dogs because they get so much love, care and attention.
Got a funny family story you can share with us?
When I lived in Maine, my
parents, a friend and I went out on a boat to have lunch on another island. My
dad dropped the anchor and when we came back a few hours later, we couldn't
find our boat. We had to ask a man to take us out on his to look for it. We
eventually found it close to another far away island! The tide had risen and
loosened the anchor. It was pretty scary when it happened, but now I look back
and laugh.
Be sure to catch G on TV
when Dog with a Blog premieres tonight at 9:40 p.m. ET/PT on Disney
What would your pets say if
they could talk? Blog about it, babes.
POSTED IN celebrity interviews, Celebs, In the mag, Oct/Nov 2012, entertainment, television, Disney, Dog with a Blog, #GLgirl
What does music mean to you?
Design your dress with Duck Tape for a chance to win $10,000
Wanna stick out at prom? Check out Duck Tape's #StuckAtProm scholarship contest for a chance to show off your ah-mazing design skills! More than $50,000 in scholarships is up for grabs—CLICK HERE for deets.


text:
March 1, 2009
Why be a counselor?
Elementary Counselor of the Year
Peter Kinder mug
Peter D. Kinder is the lieutenant governor of the state of Missouri.
Michael Amantea mug
Michael Amantea is a reporter and columnist for the Missourian.
Erin Horth mug
Erin Horth is a member of Include Me MU and a guest columnist for the Missourian.
February 28, 2009
Prehistoric disguise
Masked freshman shows his face
MU swimmers show spirit with tattoos
Oh, to be a queen
Ragtag bartender expects sleepless night
Theater uses spotlight to display True/False logo
A gathering of Ferguson enthusiasts
Tractor treasures
Marty Wulff shows off his Ferguson TO35
KaShaye shoots
KaShaye arranges chairs
KaShaye and Ashlyn at Bible study
KaShaye with her mother
KaShaye performs
KaShaye's prepares for her performance


text:
THE HAGUE, Netherlands -- Royal Dutch Shell plc has agreed to sell its 8% equity interest in the Wheatstone-Iago Joint Venture and 6.4% interest in the 8.9 million tonnes per annum Wheatstone liquefied natural gas (LNG) project in Western Australia for a cash consideration of $1,135 million to the Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company (KUFPEC), subject to closing.
Shell CEO Ben van Beurden commented, "Shell will remain a major player in Australia's energy industry. However, we are refocusing our investment to where we can add the most value with Shell's capital and technology. We are making hard choices in our worldwide portfolio to improve Shell's capital efficiency."
The agreement with KUFPEC, an existing Wheatstone joint-venture partner, ensures there will be no impact on existing commercial agreements.
Connect with World Oil
Sign-up for World Oil Daily News
All material subject to strictly enforced copyright laws Please read our Terms & Conditions, Cookies Policy and Privacy Policy before using the site.