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Parcels Available
Iron Range Tourism Bureau
Find out where underground utility lines are BEFORE you dig HERE.
East Range Police Department
The East Range Police Department, providing Public Safety services to the cities of Aurora and Hoyt Lakes, under the direction of the East Range Public Safety Board, is currently creating an eligibility list to fill the immediate need for part time Police Officers and potential future need of full time Police Officers.
Applicants must be licensed or eligible to be licensed by the POST Board by the tentative start date. Application forms and further information may be obtained at the office of the Hoyt Lakes City Clerk, Municipal Building, 206 Kennedy Memorial Drive, Hoyt Lakes, MN 5575 or by calling 218-225-2344. All applications must be received and/or postmarked by 4:00 p.m. on Wednesday, April 1, 2015.
April 1, 2015....................................
Application deadline ..................................
Applicants Notified if Selected for Interview ....................................
Panel Interview starting at 5:30 p.m. and Point ...................
Public Safety
Board Interviews
Applicants Notified if Selected for Interview
Panel Interview starting at 5:30 p.m. and Point
Public Safety
Board Interviews
Effective Monday, November 24, 2014 the regular
City Council meetings have been rescheduled to the 2nd and 4th Mondays of
the month at 6:30 p.m. with the exception of June, July and August whent he
meetings will be held the 4th Monday of the month.
Electrical Inspections
Effective January 1, 2015 electrical inspections in
the City of Hoyt Lakes will be performed by the State of Minnesota,
Department of Labor and Industry.
Permits can be obtained by filing a request at
To schedule inspections or ask questions please call Ron Beldo at
218-290-3742, Monday through Friday between 7:00 a.m. and 8:30 a.m.
Fisherman's Point Campground
The Fisherman's Point Campground on-line reservation
system will begin accepting reservations for the 2015 camping season at
9:00 a.m. on Thursday, January 15,
2015. Please visit
www.fishermanspointmn.com to
reserve your campsites.
Deer Feeding
Deer Feeding
The Hoyt Lakes City Council on December 22, 2014, adopted Ordinance No. 208, An Ordinance Relating to the Prohibition of Deer Feeding in the City of Hoyt Lakes. The following is an excerpt from City of Hoyt Lakes Ordinance No. 208:
"It shall be unlawful for any person or group to place or permit to be placed on the ground, or within five feet of the ground surface, either on property owned or controlled by such person or on property owned by others, any grain, fodder, fruit, vegetables, nuts, hay or other edible materials, which may reasonably be expected to intentionally result in deer feeding, unless such items are screened or protected in a manner that prevents deer from feeding on them. Also prohibited are salt licks and powder or liquid deer attractants. Living fruit trees and other live vegetation shall not be considered as deer feeding."
The Ordinance provides that any person, firm, or corporation violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be subject to an administrative penalty. The first offense is $100 and shall constitute a petty misdemeanor. A second offense within a 12-month time period is $250 and shall constitute a misdemeanor. Any further violations within a 12-month time period shall be $500. Deer feeding prohibition is in the following sections of Hoyt Lakes: 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17 and 18, Township 58, Range 14 West, which includes all residential areas, campground, golf course, beach, cemetery, Colby Ridge, Patriots Point and Lakeview (map available at City Hall).
The full City of Hoyt Lakes Ordinance No. 208 is available at the Office of the City Clerk.
Watch the Grand Opening for
the Hoyt Lakes Emergency Services Building
Hoyt Lakes 50th
Anniversary Books Available
Hoyt Lakes is bordered by two beautiful lakes and has direct access to
the North Shore of Lake Superior via the Superior
National Forest Scenic Byway (FH 11).
The Winter Season provides opportunities for ice fishing, snowshoeing and snowmobiling. From Hoyt Lakes area trails, riders can connect with a network of 3,100 miles of groomed trails which wind through some of Minnesota's most beautiful forest areas. The scenic Bird Lake and Colby Lake Cross Country Skiing trails are just outside of town. Downhill Skiing and Cross Country skiing can also be enjoyed at nearby Giant's Ridge Golf & Ski Resort or in the Winter Wonderland of the Superior National Forest. The Hoyt Lakes Arena facility offers indoor hockey, figure skating and basketball.
Summer is the season for camping at Fisherman's Point Campground. Swimmers can enjoy a lifeguard supervised swim and a picnic at Colby Lake Beach. Test your skills at the 9 hole, par 36, Municipal Golf Course. Hoyt Lakes is proud of its outdoor recreation facilities that include regulation tennis courts, volleyball courts, four ball fields, and many paved hiking and biking trails. All facilities are in close proximity to the Country Inn of Hoyt Lakes.

subset: commoncrawl


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Lafayette is a populated place located in Linn County at latitude 42.147 and longitude -91.68.
The elevation is 902 feet. Lafayette appears on the Lafayette U.S. Geological Survey Map. Linn County is in the Central Time Zone (UTC -6 hours).
Linn County: Cities & Towns | ZIP Codes | Schools | Features (airports, churches, hospitals, etc.)
BIG Map |
Driving Directions |
Data Source - USGS GNIS FID: 458170
BOUNDARY MAPS: Township of Otter Creek | Linn County
Lafayette, IA
(< 0.1 mile)
Midway, IA (3.1 miles SSW)
Alburnett, IA (3.1 miles E)
Alice, IA (3.6 miles NNW)
Toddville, IA (3.9 miles SSW)
Robins, IA
(5.3 miles S)
Center Point, IA (6.1 miles WNW)
Rogers, IA (6.3 miles ENE)
Hiawatha, IA (7.7 miles S)
New Buffalo, IA (7.9 miles S)
Tower Terrace Mobile Home Park, IA
(6.1 miles S)
Bali Hai Estates Mobile Home Park, IA (6.6 miles S)
Sunset Village, IA (7 miles S)
Hiawatha Oak Brook Court, IA (7.5 miles S)
Five Seasons Manufactured Home Community, IA (7.9 miles S)
Lindale Manor, IA
(8.4 miles SSE)
Marion Mobile Home Park, IA (9.7 miles SE)
Eagle Ridge Community, IA (9.9 miles SE)
Squaw Creek Village, IA (10.1 miles SE)
Carlton Mobile Home Court, IA (12.8 miles ESE)


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New to Typophile? Accounts are free, and easy to set up.
FF Suhmo is inspired by classic Egyptian and typewriter fonts such as Courier and American Typewriter, which feature headline and text use. This impressive duality was a guideline for the concept of Alex Rütten.
I'm working on the logo & wordmark for a company that will be based online (it's a music service) and aimed at Churches, primarily older and smaller high-churches, like Presbyterian, Episcopalian, Lutheran, etc.
Currently I'm using Proxima Nova or Gotham in the mockups (anyone want to weigh in on why I should pick one over the other?), set in all-caps, but I'd like to see something that looks a tiny bit more traditional. I'm thinking some slight serifs or something. Normally I'd try to solve this with a slab serif like Adele or PMN Caecilia, but it ends up looking too tough, and most serifs just look too boring to be used for an online music service.
Anyone want to take a gander at which font this is? The "M" and "N" look a lot like Neutraface or Verlag, but the "Q" is really throwing a wrench in things.
Darjeeling combines British Elegance and Indian Flavor. It is flared like Optima, with a scent of Bodoni. By layering "Regular" and "Ornaments" over each other you will create astounding pieces of colorful typography. Additionally there is "Regnaments" which combines the two other styles.
Darjeeling is great as a display font, but also perfectly legible at text sizes. Use the ornaments only to add spice to Your design.
Make sure to use applications supporting all these lavish OpenType features like small caps, various sets of figures, fractals and the 102 discretionary ligatures.
Darjeeling has been recently released at myfonts:
I am happy to announce Dezen, my new release!
Dezen is a contemporary, mechanical grotesque typeface. Its letters were first constructed from individual modules and then optically refined to enhance its rhythm. Its tight letter spacing and narrow proportions make the typeface particularly well suited for display sizes and headlines. When you add spacing, font can be used for shorter amount of text, bigger than 12 points.
The Dezen type family consists of a wide variety of styles – solid and stencil. The Dezen Pro subfamily combines all 4 styles (Solid, Stencil 01, Stencil 02, Stencil 03) in a specific sequence, which originates a "pattern" for the alphabet (or dezen, in Slovak).
Dezen Pro Regular is for free!
Buying information:
if you like modern and geometric fonts and blackletter as well, have a look at the typophile post »Fracmetrica Black .otf«
the free-font »Fracmetrica Black« is a modern and geometric blackletter with several opentype-features like ligatures, case-sensitives, text figures.
It's kind of condensed and has a high contrast. The typeface's construction is based on an isometric 60°-grid.
This is a partial draft of a contemporary serif project I'm working on. It was initially thought as a typeface for personal use, but it could be turned into a real release if the work would reach a decent level. The family is planned to have four weights in roman and italic versions.
Some ideas:
1. it must be suitable for books and magazines, but trying to use more contrast than one finds in most recent good typefaces (as Meta Serif, Greta Text, Tisa or Premiera). It's not a serif to very small sizes and low quality prints.
2. it must be clean, with a strong horizontal impression (like Utopia, Cartier, Expo Serif and the ones used in The Guardian and Hebdo newspapers redesign) and also reduced ornamental elements.
I am designing the graphic content of a small museum celebrating the Italian immigrant contribution to Australian culture. My clients want a very contemporary look. I wondered if other typophiles might be able to recommend any recent (post Novarese) type design work coming out of Italy that would be appropriate. I need display type and a type family for bigger blocks of information. Any assistance much appreciated.
One of the premier design school of The Netherlands. affiliated with the Sandberg Institute. http://www.gerritrietveldacademie.nl/


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Maine's recently opened Acadia Gateway Center transportation and maintenance facility will make it easy for visitors to park their cars and take a free shuttle bus service to destinations throughout Acadia National Park, one of the nation's most popular parks, attracting more than two million visitors every year.The new facility will provide a place for visitors to Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor and Mount Desert Island to park their cars and ride the free Island Explorer shuttle bus service to destinations around the park and island. Twenty-nine clean, propane-powered buses and four gasoline-powered vans will be maintained at the facility, providing a much-needed alternative to driving while helping to reduce traffic congestion, especially during peak tourist season when visitors flock to the park.The Federal Transit Administration provided $11.6 million for the $14.7 million project. The remainder was provided through state bonds. Additional support for the free Island Explorer shuttle bus service was provided by the National Parks Service, the Town of Trenton, Friends of Acadia and L.L. Bean.
The groups urged planners to add parking near the National Mall for the millions of people who will visit by bus and car over the next several months, kicking off with the National Cherry Blossom Festival.
In their meetings, UMA members shared information about their own businesses and rallied for backing of three critical needs: opposition of FMCSA's proposal to raise the Federal financial responsibility limits, support of Rep. Barletta's proposal to remove CSA scores from public view until the data used to calculate the score can be improved, and support to preserve the current charter service rule.
David Cooper of Pacific Coachways Trailways in Garden Grove, Calif., was presented by Bob Crescenzo, VP, safety & loss control, at Lancer Insurance, the awards event sponsor.
State police said the driver did not speak or understand English and did not know he was supposed to stop in Richmond, Va. The driver was reportedly dragged out of his chair, while the bus was swerving in and out of lanes for a half mile or so.
Suzanne Te Beau Rohde will succeed ABA's sr. VP, Government Affairs and Policy, Clyde Hart, who is retiring after 14 years.
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Soria Moria Boutique Hotel - Siem Reap
Wat Bo Road Salakamreuk - Siem Reap
Situated in the business district, Soria Moria Boutique Hotel is a city center hotel.
This 3 star Siem Reap hotel has its own restaurant serving breakfast, lunch and dinner where you will find a selection of items to try. If you are in need of rest and relaxation you can find massage/treatment rooms, spa services and a spa tub on offer. You will want to pack your swimsuit and towel as this hotel features an outdoor pool. Additional leisure facilities include a library. There is also a bar/lounge where guests can enjoy drinks after a long day. Multilingual staff at the 24-hour front desk can provide tour/ticket assistance.
Guests can make use of the free Wi-Fi. Enjoy free newspapers in the lobby, where you will also find a safe at reception for your valuables. Other amenities include gift shops/newsstands, an elevator (lift), laundry facilities and shopping on site.
We show TripAdvisor reviews for new Venere hotels that haven't been reviewed yet
Check Availability at Soria Moria Boutique Hotel
Breakfast at Soria Moria Boutique Hotel
A free breakfast is served each morning.
Facilities at Soria Moria Boutique Hotel
- Bar
- Restaurant/Dining
- Baby sitter
- Lift/elevator
- Room service - limited hour
- Gift shop
- Shops in the hotel
- Laundry room
- Personal newspapers
- Multilingual staff
- Newspapers
- Front desk - safety deposit box
- Front desk - 24 hour
- Luggage room
- City tour
- Outdoor swimming pool
- Health club
- Massages
- Hydromassage Jacuzzi
- Ski bus
- Internet/Email services
Know before you go
- This property offers transfers from the airport. Guests must contact the property with arrival details before travel, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
- Children 11 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
Check-in: after 2 PM.
Check-out: before noon.
Please contact the property ahead of time to make arrangements for check-in.
PolicyExtra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
City tax and/or any other fees charged by the hotel
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Late check-out fee: USD 10
- Rollaway bed fee: USD 10 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Soria Moria Boutique Hotel is also known as
Hotel Soria Moria Boutique
Soria Moria Boutique Siem Reap
Room Details
Soria Moria Boutique Hotel has 38 guest rooms. TVs with premium cable channels offer entertainment at the end of a long day. Business travelers visiting the Siem Reap area will have access to free wireless high-speed Internet access as well as desks and complimentary newspapers. Individual décor and furnishings make each stay a unique experience.
Private bathrooms are outfitted with shower/tub combinations, bathrobes, slippers and hair dryers. Refrigerators, minibars, coffee/tea makers and complimentary bottled water are supplied in each room to facilitate basic travel needs. Rooms also include air conditioning and safes. Bathroom toiletries are provided free of charge.
Accommodation Services
- Air conditioning
- Mini bar
- Mini fridge
- Extra beds
- Baby cots/cribs available
- Coffee and tea maker
- Hairdryer in each room
- Safe
- Desk
- Cable TV
- Wireless Internet access
Distances from Soria Moria Boutique HotelWat Preah Prom Rath - 0.2 km / 0.1 mi
Angkor Trade Center - 0.3 km / 0.2 mi
Wat Damnak - 0.4 km / 0.3 mi
Psar Chaa Market - 0.5 km / 0.3 mi
Pub Street - 0.5 km / 0.3 mi
Siem Reap Art Center - 0.6 km / 0.4 mi
Shrine to Preah Ang Check and Preah Ang Chom - 0.8 km / 0.5 mi
Siem Reap Royal Residence - 0.8 km / 0.5 mi
Angkor Night Market - 0.8 km / 0.5 mi
Lucky Mall Super Market - 0.8 km / 0.5 mi
Angkor Shopping Center - 0.9 km / 0.6 mi
Royal Garden - 0.9 km / 0.6 mi
Miniature Replicas of Angkor's Temples - 1.1 km / 0.7 mi
Wat Kesararam - 1.1 km / 0.7 mi
Angkor National Museum - 1.3 km / 0.8 mi
The preferred airport for Soria Moria Boutique Hotel is Siem Reap (REP-Siem Reap Intl.) - 7.6 km / 4.7 mi.
Distances are calculated in a straight line from the property's location to the point of interest or airport and may not reflect actual travel distance.
Distances are displayed to the nearest 0.1 mile and kilometer.
Transportation services Soria Moria Boutique Hotel
- Ski bus
We have the accommodation you need, all over the world
- • Coronado Beach Resort - San Diego, USA
- • Gresham Hotel - London, United Kingdom
- • Hotel Luna Alvor Bay - Alvor, Portugal
- • Hotel Vila Gale Fortaleza - Fortaleza, Brazil
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- • B&B Maison Perrier - New Orleans, USA
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- • Grand Beach Hotel - Miami Beach, USA
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- • Inn Residenza Paolo VI - Rome, Italy
- • Hotel Vila Galé Atlântico - Albufeira, Portugal
- • Hotel Vila Galé Clube de Campo - Beja, Portugal
- • Noailles Hotels, France
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- • Ooij Hotels, Netherlands
- • Chennai Hotels, India
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- • Aix-en-Provence Hotels, France
- • Lethbridge Hotels, Canada
- • Milton Hotels, Canada
- • Trabia Hotels, Italy
- • Port Campbell Hotels, Australia


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1:04 pm
Fri April 11, 2014
Out To Lunch: Bevolo & Beignets
Two icons that say New Orleans: the gas lamp and the beignet. Drew Bevolo's family founded and has owned Bevolo Gas & Electric Lights since 1945. Burt Benrud's family business, Café du Monde, started up in the 1860's.
These two standard bearers of New Orleans' enduring icons talk about the present, the future, and entrepreneur NOLA Pie Guy.
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"Very Enjoyable!"
Missed reading this when I was younger. Am enjoying listening to some of the "classics" now. Will continue to listen to more classics!
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Was £12.00
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Out of stock
Green Pig Money Bank
Item No.1710103934
Angry Birds is the UK's number one top selling 'paid for' app with TV and movie plans already announced. Keep your coins safe in this Angry Birds themed money box replicating the well know green pigs from the game. When it's full, simply make like an Angry Bird and empty the pig, all ready to start over again with level 2!
This item is available for
UK Home Delivery Free (UK orders over £30) or £3.99
Delivered within 4 working days
Next or Named Day Delivery
7 days a week between 8am - 6pm
Monday to Friday - order by 7pm - £4.99
Saturday & Sunday - order by 6pm - £4.99
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7 days a week between 6pm - 10pm
Monday to Sunday - order by 10pm - £6.99
Collect from store the next day - FREE
Order before 7pm for next day collection after 12pm midday
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Full Delivery details
- Box Age: 3 years +
- Core Child User age: 5 - 12
- Players: 1
- Contents: 1 x Green Pig Money Box
- No assembly required
- Box HWD: 13 x 15 x 16cm
- Assembled product HWD: 12.5 x 14.5 x 16cm
- No battery required
- Encourages early saving & budgeting
- Choking hazard, not suitable for children under the age of 3
- Exclusively available online


text:
HOUSTON -- McDermott announced a letter of award for a turnkey contract for the PB-Litoral-A production platform for Pemex Exploracion y Produccion in the Litoral Tabasco Tsimin-Xux fields. The value is approximately $230 million and will be included in McDermott's fourth quarter 2012 backlog.
The PB-Litoral-A project scope includes front end engineering design, detailed engineering, procurement, fabrication, load-out, sea fastening, transport, installation, hook-up, commissioning and start-up of an eight-legged 1,800-tonne jacket, 4,500-tonne topsides and 2,000 tonne of tripods, bridges and piles. The total weight of the facility is approximately 8,300 tonne. Engineering work is expected to begin in early 2013 by McDermott's Houston and Chennai engineering offices, with fabrication at Altamira, Mexico, where at peak, more than 550 craft personnel are expected to be engaged on the project.
McDermott will carry out installation of the topsides by the float-over method using its Intermac 600 float-over barge, and the recently upgraded and improved McDermott Derrick Barge 50 will install key platform components and provide additional support. McDermott will also provide training to Pemex personnel for operation and maintenance of the facility once commissioned.
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I am reply to what you wrote and nothing more. Government is indeed a group of Human beings; so is Mafia neither are easy to get rid off. The problem with uncontrolled Government; which is largely what we have; is that Government by its very definition has monopoly of power. This means that it tends to attract people who want power over others; therein lies the greatest danger of Government. We must always ask ourselves why we are trusting Government to do something; and only if we see the cons of if it should we allow it to do so. There are almost no pros (if they are any) of our involvement around the world today. We are there due to our own egos and due to few people who want control over many. I do not support Anarchy; but I do believe that GOvernment is the greatest threat to Humanity and always has been. Which is why Government should be tightly controlled and its power unleashed only when there is no other choice.
First of all, I am not a supporter of Ron Paul; even though I agree with much he says. Your choices, however are wrong. It isn't a matter of Military vs Girl Scouts (although maybe if they could sell their cookies to Middle East we could eliminate war there ;) ). The choice is WHEN to use Military and the size of a Government which can use Military at whim. The second part of that goes down to the notion that not only Government can use forces when it feels like the general population is conditioned to think that such use of forces is "good". Wars sometimes must be fought; but we have gotten trigger happy since Spanish-American war. The solution sometimes is to let thing happen, and sometimes is to not get involved. Good portion of the Middle East and Africa fall under this. If and when our national interest are actually at stake (and they weren't in Somalia for instance) only than and only via proper Constitutional decree should military be used. Secondly we assume that our involvement is a good thing that will solve whatever problem we want. Is that true? Is Africa better due to our involvement? Is the Middle East? Have we solved the problem in Korea (although S. Korea could be claimed to be a victory) or Vietnam? Is Yugoslavia stable now? (yes I know the Irony of that Statement). Is South America free and peaceful? When was the last time that our intervention has done what we set out; when has the Foreign Aid? So the right question is; why do you trust the Government; especially one that acts Unconstitutionally to do the right thing? Depends on Pandemic, considering how we thus far handles Ebola and now send troops there? I think Burger King has far better claim on proper actions.
Nothing is certain, a Zombie Apocalypse might happen tomorrow or a giant Asteroid might come down on us. What is certain is that Black Death was a result of ignorance of the causes and could easily have been prevented by simple hygiene. It is also certain that the only reason we have Hygiene and education of its needs, is due to the wealth of our society. Which is why Pandemics do not tend to happen in the first world nations. There is only one certainly in life, everything else is a matter of trying to do least harm.
Pandemic is a threat to the population within a nation; and thereby arguably the province of the Government by definition of what our Founding Fathers put in place. However Ron Paul point is that it is precisely due to the Government as to why such threats and including Ebola are possible. No matter how we try to justify it; the foreign aid as well as other "helps" that we provide are in fact reasons why so much of the world is suffering from Famine and Pestilence. Why it is impossible to answer "what if", it is possible to say (since it is provable) that our money is arming those whose goal is dominance of others. Would the world be panacea if US just went back home? No of course not! However without our influence we wouldn't have the destruction we do have today that is directly caused by us. The moral choice should first always be: "Do no harm", and not "Because it makes us feel better". Doing the right thing doesn't mean doing that which makes us feel superior to others.
Black Death spread primarily due to the wars and due to ignorance spread by the powers at the time. Which is to say by Church and Government (which back then was also Government depending on which state). There was no possibility of individual actions since everything had to be sponsored by the only organization with any means i.e. The Government. So in other words your point is moot. Due to our education spawned by the development of the Free Markets we do know now what Black Death is, and have wealth of our own to make our own choices. The correct question isn't who you rather trust the question becomes why have we trusted Government throughout our history; even though their track record has been so abysmal?
In response to:
Be careful what you wish for... to the best of my knowledge there never been a revolution that ended up in freedom; American Revolution wasn't. It was a secession, after which much of the former system was retained. Also do keep in mind that the decision between King or not came down to Washington not taking up the mantle, a very tenuous hope at best. That's because those who run revolutions want to run peace after as well. What we do needs, is either Secession or taking over of Media and thereby the Culture.
In response to:
LOL.. sounds like you are as much of a Nerd as I am. Yeah I've noticed that too, which bugged me because time period was wrong.
In response to:
Why because obama promised to act, finally now that he has no other choice? I am thinking if anything that proves Dr. Sowell column THAT much more.
In response to:
Yeah , I do have to say that I am always surprised by giving obama any moniker of great intellect. He isn't retarded to be sure; but he most certainly isn't all that smart either. If I was placing his IQ, based on his knowledge and how he speaks without a prompter I would say he is maybe 110 tops. He most certainly is not overly smart.
Any man who strikes a Women is no longer a Man. I don't care if that sounds Chauvinistic or not; the PC crowd can stuff it. Women, for whatever reason, seem to forgive abusers too often. I don't understand why, but it happens far too often. Personally, I applaud Ravens (whom normally I seriously dislike) for this. Now if Government was to get involved in this, I would disapprove of that; unless (of course) she files abuse chargers in which case Government needs to forefill its duty as a judge.
In response to:
Amen tinsldr2! BTW people get called RINO for different reasons. Some would call me a RINO because I am not a social conservative (I am a Classical Liberal), even though I am very strong fiscal conservative. And of course there is the reverse, someone who is very strong Fiscal Conservative but weak on economical issue may be called a RINO as well. Gardner is way above Udall in all issues, and I will vote for him in a heart beat. The only thing that scares me about CO is that Udall with everything he has done is even in the race! Republican must take over Senate.


text:
Mental Health Center
News and Features Related to Mental Health
Some Antidepressants May Raise Gastro Risk
By Robert Preidt HealthDay Reporter TUESDAY, May 7 (HealthDay News) -- People who take certain types of antidepressants may be at higher risk for potentially deadly Clostridium difficile infection, a new study suggests. This type of infection is one of the most common caught by hospital patients andRead Full Article
Some Antidepressants Linked to Surgical Risks
By Denise Mann HealthDay Reporter MONDAY, April 29 (HealthDay News) -- Taking popular antidepressant drugs around the time of surgery may increase risks associated with the procedure, including bleeding, the need for a blood transfusion, hospital readmission and even death, a large new study suggestRead Full Article
Faith May Complement Treatment for Mental Illness
By Robert Preidt HealthDay Reporter THURSDAY, April 25 (HealthDay News) -- A belief in God may boost the effectiveness of short-term treatment for mental illness, according to a small new study. The study included 159 psychiatric patients whose levels of depression, well-being and self-harm were assRead Full Article
Boston Bombing Aftermath: Fear, Empathy, Anger
April 16, 2013 -- It's normal to feel a range of emotions the day after the terror bombing attack at the Boston Marathon, even if you were thousands of miles away. Los Angeles psychologist Emanuel Maidenberg, PhD, says that in the wake of all that horror, it's understandable that emotions are stillRead Full Article
3 Dead, Many More Injured in Boston Bomb Blasts
By HealthDay staff MONDAY, April 15 (HealthDay News) -- Two bombs exploded near the finish line of the Boston Marathon on Monday afternoon, killing at least three people and injuring more than 100 people, according to published reports. The dead included an 8-year-old boy, the Boston Globe reported,Read Full Article
Beer's Taste May Trigger Urge to Get Drunk
By Barbara Bronson Gray HealthDay Reporter MONDAY, April 15 (HealthDay News) -- Just as the smell of freshly brewed coffee may compel you to pour a steaming cup of java, a small taste of beer may activate part of your brain's reward system and trigger the urge for more, a new study suggests. ResearcRead Full Article
College Sports Could Raise Players' Risk for Depression, Study Finds
By Robert Preidt HealthDay Reporter FRIDAY, April 5 (HealthDay News) -- Current college athletes are twice as likely to be depressed as former athletes, researchers have found. The findings suggest the need for further research to learn more about depression among college athletes, the Georgetown UnRead Full Article
Facebook a Boost for Your Self-Worth?
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Velocity: The Seattle Area Cycling Blog
Velocity reports on the Seattle cycling scene including local cycling clubs, teams, events and personalities; and seasonal cross-training alternatives to cycling.
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Seward Park Category 3-4 Race 23 July 2009
Why is everyone smiling? We want to see grimaces: [Read More]
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Category 4 & 5 racers experience life during wartime: [Read More]
Seward Park Category 3-4 Race 16 July 2009
After Tom Wick piloted the saddle cam last week at the Velodrome, maybe he's developed a sense for when he's in proximity of video. Nice performance! [Read More]
Seward Park Category 4-5 Race 16 July 2009
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Velodrome: Mens 1-2 Madison July 10, 2009
The final race last friday: [Read More]
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Velodrome: Womens 10 Lap Win & Out July 10, 2009
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Seward Park Category 1-2-3-Pro Race 9 July 2009
The racers in action this week. [Read More]
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1 ...
... 25
5th Report March 16, 2012
Nafisa Ayuka's report - Improvement of girl child education through raising poultry and sanitary towels.
Sewing: The women are continuing with the project well with sewing of uniforms and clothes (see photo of women with finished hand made clothes). The sewing machines help immensely with the work so we can make more clothes and uniforms each day. The women make clothes and uniforms both for themselves and their children and also for sale to others. This is a big economic boost. The proceeds help the women help their children with school fees.
Sanitary towels: A set of reusable sanitary towels was given to local adolescent girls (see photo). The girls have little money to pay for sanitary towels so this service of giving them the towels for free is very much appreciated by them and their mothers. The girls have been practicing making the towels on their won and are pleased with their new-found skill.
Poultry: The poultry project is going on well. The number of chickens is continuing to increase (see photo of chickens). Profits from selling the chickens averages approximately $60 per month. The profits are shared among the community members. The money makes it easier on families to pay school fees for their children especially girls.
I am in my last semester of university and am looking forward to graduating and getting a teaching job.
Working with my community on this project has really developed leadership skills in me that I can use in the future.
Thank you sincerely for your contributions to help me help my community.
Dennis Mutwiri's project – Solar panels, planting trees and fish farming.
Fish: We bought materials to complete fencing of the pond and fencing will resume after members set a day to work on this (see photo of pond). I had reported earlier that the Ministry had supplied us with 300 fingerlings. The group had earlier made effort to put more fingerlings ahead of the Ministry's supply. In total, the pond holds approximately 700 fish with around 400 ready for sale. In terms of feeding, the Ministry provides food for the fish. In October last year, we received 100 Kg of fish feeds. This will go a long way since a grown fish consumes only 3g daily. We have appointed a chairperson who attends the fish daily and attends seminars regarding fish farming frequently.
As at now, at least two thirds of the pond's population is ready for market.
The Ministry had allocated four ponds in our location, however, it is only our pond that has survived and raised the fish. The rest failed. This has impacted us negatively in the sense that the Ministry meant to market our product in bulk. The targeted quantity is cannot be reached as at now hence the delay. My group officials are however negotiating with the responsible officers to get things done.
Tree nursery: We realized that the most demanded trees are the exotic ones. This realization came by when the forestry department that had agreed to purchase the indigenous breed failed us. We were only able to sell very few of the trees and distributed others to members who were willing to plant them. It is from this that we put up an exotic trees nursery in September so that the trees would be ready during the April/May long rains (see photo of tree nursery). In the previous season, three of our members planted 50 exotic trees from our nursery. The trees are now grown and will be of benefit soon.
Solar power:The project is fairly doing well. We are still carrying on green energy campaign in the region. The main challenge of late is the government's initiative to electrify rural areas under Rural Electrification Authority. This has greatly shifted the region's interests from solar to electric power. We are hoping that they will soon see some sense in what we stand for with time.
However, those who are continuing to purchase the solar kit are at the moment reaping a great deal of benefits. See the photo of a member who is using the power for lighting and powering a radio set. Commercially, he charges people's mobile phones in the neighborhood at the rate of sh. 10 per phone. He uses the money to repay the solar. He says that, of late he has cut costs on fuel and charging his own phone and those the rest of the family members.
We are looking forward to intensify this trend among the members and community in general.
Merry go round or loan group: This project has been of immense benefit to every member in the group. Three members can now borrow sh. 10000 while five can borrow up to sh. 8000. The interest rate is still 10%. Initially, we were loaning out everything to make our capital grow. But from the 15th of February, the members agreed that they will be banking sh. 4000 monthly to secure the project.
The group members agreed to save money in all the projects in order to start other projects like sheep rearing which is more viable and profitable.
Thank you for your support of these projects in my community. We are really making progress!
Michael Murigi's report -Growing cassava for food security and income.
Mill: Great news! The necessary bank transactions were made for payment of the mill. The mill was purchased to better utilize the cassava crops the community has grown. Flour can be made from the cassava then turned into food products to sell. On Saturday, we received a notification from the firm that they had already received the total amount that they had asked for. Meanwhile, the owner of the premises that we are renting has been very co-operative. To ensure total security of the mill, yesterday, we spent the day reinforcing the roof. I am very pleased to inform you that the mill installation process was completed yesterday and the milling started immediately (see photo). The mill will be of great help to the community as it can mill not only cassavas but also grains including corn. Today, we are putting on a firm wooden ceiling. Tomorrow, we will be fencing. The next day, we will be reinforcing the door and the windows.
On behalf of our community, please accept our big THANK YOU to you for supporting us. We have really appreciated their gestures of kindness and generosity. We lack the best words to express our appreciation. You have assisted us a great deal in ensuring the development and sustainability of our project. We will not let you down.
Again, THANK YOU, indeed.
Murang'a County, Kenya
Dear Friends,
I am very excited to announce to you that we were able to purchase and install the mill to grind the cassava. The community is so happy! The building housing the mill was also renovated and electricity availed with the owner's assistance. The machine installation was completed on Friday, 17th February. The milling operation started immediately.
One of the great advantages of the mill is that the machines cannot only mill cassavas but also grains including corn. Another advantage is the reduced cost. We decided that the mill would be a social enterprise for the benefit of the community. Therefore the price charged for the milling service has been heavily subsidized. For 3kg of chopped cassavas or grains, we are charging Ksh. 10 (less than $0.10). The other millers charge Ksh. 30 for the 3kg of cassavas or grains. This is a great relief to a community wallowing in abject poverty. Plus, we are very sure that the income accruing is enough to sustain the mill and support other activities in the project.
Finally, another advantage is the reduced price for milling. Before the mill you helped us purchase was put in place, the community members would have to purchase the milling service 7 kilometres away at Sabasaba town. Now, the mill is so close! Women are particularly excited and relieved of the agony and time spent in walking the long distance. They can now attend to more chores. Beyond any shred of doubt, the mill has proved to be a great achievement in the fight for food security. We can't thank you enough!
Please see attached the following photos.
Photo a : The building housing the mill. Remember, this is the building that appears on our GlobalGiving page. But this time, the front is painted blue.
Photo b : The 2 machines. On the right is the crusher that crushes chopped cassavas and grains. On the left, is the roller machine that finally grinds the crushed cassavas and grains into flour.
Photos c & d : The trained operator packing the flour into customers' bags.
On behalf of our community, I sincerely thank you for supporting us in acquiring a mill. Surely, this is a milestone towards achieving food security. You have surely changed many lives for the better while helping alleviate hunger!
Warm regards,
Michael Murigi.
You have made such a difference in the lives of girls and women in my community of Elementaita. Because of you we now have a new school building and desks for our children, adolescent girls have gotten the chance to learn how to make their own sanitary towels so they do not have to miss school during their periods, and women are raising rabbits for income to support themselves and their children's schooling. The entire community is transformed and extremely grateful for your generosity in supporting them in working for a better life for themselves and their children. Our project is now fully funded with an excess of approximately $600. This money will be used for school supplies, field trip expenses, and additional teacher training.
With my sincere thanks,


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text: I needed a room the day before I booked this and went for the TA #1 rating. Made the assumption it was a hotel and forgot to check AC & elevator info. None of those - but not a problem except is was rather warm by Bremen standards. We got room 10 - 3rd floor - it had a balcony... More


text:
A programmable integrated input/output connector module has a molded plastic base through which five bus wires extend. The molded base is equipped with channeled grooves into which five spring clips are housed and which make contact with a corresponding bus wire at the bottom of the molded base. One of the bus wires is a grounded bus wire to which a programmable packet is connected. A chip carrier having conductive traces is placed atop the spring clips so as to place the clips in compression while placing each conductive trace of the chip carrier in electrical contact with a corresponding one of the bus wires. An IC chip is fitted atop and electrically connected to the chip carrier. The programmable packet has six fingers which can be bent away from or left in contact with the chip carrier to selectively program the IC chip to a desired address and configuration. The programmable packet permits each chip carrier to be identical. Further, the spring clips are placed in compression by the chip carrier so that the spring clips urge the chip carrier out of the base upon disassembly of the module.
1. A programmable input/output connector module for connecting at least one of an input device and an output device to a multi-wire bus, said bus carrying signals for controlling input and output devices, the module comprising:
a first stage having means for electrically connecting said first stage directly to the multi-wire bus:
a second stage supported on the first stage and having an IC chip mounted thereon, said second stage including first electrical connections for connecting the input and output devices to the IC chip and second electrical connections for connecting said multi-wire bus to the IC chip for conveying said signals between said multi-wire bus and said input and output devices; and
programming means for programming the IC chip so that the first electrical connections and the second electrical connections are selectively connected to each other through the IC chip.
2. A module according to claim 1, wherein said second stage comprises a chip carrier on which the IC chip is mounted and to which said IC chip is electrically connected.
3. A module according to claim 2 wherein:
said first stage is a base formed to accommodate said chip carrier.
4. A module according to claim 3, wherein the means for electrically connecting the first stage to the multi-wire bus includes:
a plurality of spring clips for electrically connecting the second electrical connections with the multi-wire bus, each spring clip of said plurality of spring clips being located in a corresponding channeled groove located in said base to electrically connect a corresponding second electrical connection of the chip carrier to a corresponding wire of the multi-wire bus.
5. A module according to claim 4, wherein the base comprises means for securely snap fitting said chip carrier to said base.
6. A module according to claim 5, wherein:
said means for securely snap fitting urges said chip carrier against said spring clips to place said spring clips in compression.
7. A module according to claim 6, wherein the second electrical connections of the chip carrier include a plurality of conductive traces on said chip carrier for making electrical contact with said plurality of spring clips.
8. A module according to claim 1, wherein said programming means comprises a programmable packet having a plurality of fingers with each finger of said plurality of fingers corresponding to and being connectable to a programmable input of said IC chip.
9. A module according to claim 8, wherein each finger of the programmable packet is selectively electrically connectable to the programmable input of said IC chip.
10. A module according to claim 9, wherein:
each finger of said programmable packet is deformable to one of a non-contacting state and a contacting state, said finger being deformed into the noncontact state to avoid contact with said programmable input of said IC chip to program a first logic into the programmable input of said IC chip, and said finger remaining in contact with said programmable input of the IC chip in the contact state to program the programmable input of said IC chip to a second logic.
11. A module according to claim 1, wherein the programming means programs said IC chip for a specific address and a specific input/output configuration.
12. A module according to claim 3, further comprising means for securing said multi-wire bus to said base, said means for securing comprising means for piercing insulation of the wires of said multi-wire bus.
13. A programmable input/output connector module comprising:
a chip carrier having programmable inputs connectable to an IC chip and first and second electrical connections for placing external devices in electrical communication with the IC chip;
a base for supporting the chip carrier, said base having a plurality of hollow grooves;
electrical contact means, located within said plurality of hollow grooves in the base, for making electrical contact with the second electrical connections of said chip carrier; and
means, located between the programmable inputs of said chip carrier and the electrical contact means in the base, for programming said programmable inputs of said chip carrier to designate an address and an input/output configuration between said first and second electrical connections.
14. A module according to claim 13, further comprising:
a multi-wire bus connected to and extending through said base with one wire of said bus being ground.
15. A module according to claim 14, wherein:
said electrical contact means comprises a plurality of spring clips which are compressible between the chip carrier and the base, one of said spring clips being grounded by connection to the grounded line of said bus.
16. A module according to claim 15, wherein:
said means for programming comprises a programmable packet having a plurality of fingers corresponding in number to the programmable inputs of the chip carrier, said means for programming being connected to said grounded spring clip.
17. A module according to claim 14, wherein said base comprises means for securing the lines of said multi-wire bus, said means for securing comprising means for stripping the lines of said multi-wire bus of insulation.
The present application is one of a series of copending applications containing related technical subject matter. The related application is U.S. Ser. No. 07/559,241 filed July 30, 1990 and herein incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a connector module having a chip carrier with mechanisms for securing the chip carrier to a molded base. More particularly, the present invention relates to a programmable connector module having a chip carrier on which an IC (integrated circuit) chip is mounted. The chip carrier is snap-fitted into a molded plastic base to interface with a multi-wire bus by means of spring contacts in the base which act as a release mechanism for removing the chip carrier. One line of the bus is ground and is connected to a programmable finger packet located between the IC chip and corresponding spring contact, thus permitting each chip carrier to be identical.
2. Description of Related Art
The prior art discloses a number of chip carrier devices and methods for the programming of chips.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,376,560 to Olsson et al discloses a socket for receiving a chip carrier which includes a plurality of elongated resilient spring contacts. The chip carrier is placed in the socket and covered by a lid whereby the spring contacts are deflected. When the lid is removed from the chip carrier, energy stored in the deflected contacts lifts the chip carrier partially from the socket to allow grasping and removal of the chip carrier.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,616,895 to Yoshizaki et al discloses an integrated circuit socket for receiving a chip carrier-type integrated circuit device. The socket includes a plurality of contacts for contacting electrodes of the IC device, each of which comprises a spring conductive member. A plurality of "pressing members" abut against the IC device when inserted in the IC socket so as to press the upper surface of the device against the upper spring force of the contacts. The spring force of the contacts and pressing members allow the IC device to be easily inserted and withdrawn.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,330,163 to Aikens et al discloses an electrical connector which allows a large scale integrated (LSI) circuit package to be inserted or removed without significant force. An LSI chip carrier is placed on a chip carrier seating ledge of the connector so that it rests upon a plurality of contact springs. The contact springs force the chip carrier upward for removal.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,358,175 to Reid discloses a connector for receiving or releasing an integrated circuit package with low force. The connector includes contact springs which are compressed by pins of the integrated circuit package when it is seated in the connector. When removing the integrated circuit package, the action of the springs on the pins allows the package to be removed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,761,140 to Geib discloses a chip carrier receiving socket which includes several contacts which form "curved-beam-spring portions". The curved-beam-spring portions urge any contacting parts in an upward direction. The upward force of the curved-beam-spring portions assists in the removal of the chip carrier.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,771,109 to Bruckner et al discloses an electrical connector for an integrated circuit device which includes contacts comprised of spring segments. The connector includes a lid which clamps an integrated circuit device against the contacts. When the lid is released, however, the contacts force the integrated circuit device upwards for easy replacement of the device.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,393,396 to Majewski discloses an electrical connector including a base member for receiving a microcircuit, the base of which includes a plurality of spring contacts. The spring contacts provide a firm connection, while minimizing insertion and withdrawal forces.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,155,612 to Silverio discloses a programmable adapter for connecting an integrated circuit element to a socket array, such as on a circuit board. The programmable feature allows the adapter to accommodate changes in a pin array of the integrated circuit element.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,557,540 to Forbes et al discloses a program socket for an electronic device which allows substitution of a different integrated circuit device for one for which the integrated circuit was originally designed.
Although the prior art discloses programmable chips and devices for attaching chip carriers to a base, a need still exists for a single connector module which connects a chip carrier to a bus with a programmable packet located therebetween which would preclude the need for preprogramming of chips. This structure would obviate a problem in that the programmable chips of the prior art are not interchangeable. Thus, there is a need for a programming mechanism in a connector module which would allow the free interchangeability of chip carriers.
Also, there is a need for a programmable connector module which can be mechanically programmed to a desired address and configuration so as to receive and send information along a bus line, the module or modules being selectively positioned along the bus line to interact with various loads.
Accordingly, one object of this invention is to provide a novel spring contact for a connector module which would provide an electrical connection between a chip carrier and a bus and also act as a releasing mechanism for removing the chip carrier from the module for replacement.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a programmable packet electrically connected to the chip carrier and a grounded bus line which would remove the need for preprogramming of chips.
Yet another object of this invention is to allow the free interchangeability of chip carriers so chips can be easily removed and replaced.
Yet another object of the present invention is to reduce the number of wires needed in electrical-mechanical devices by providing, along a bus line, programmable modules which are located proximate to various loads.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a programmable connector module which is economical to manufacture and easy to assemble.
These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by a two-stage programmable connector module. The first stage of the module comprises a chip carrier on which an IC chip is fastened and electrically connected. The chip carrier is wired to accommodate various input-output operations controlled by the IC chip. The underside of the chip carrier is provided with conductive traces for interfacing the IC chip with a multi-wire bus. A second stage of the module comprises a molded plastic base which is fabricated to accommodate the chip carrier to a fitted position therein. The plastic base is provided with grooves into which are placed springs with each spring making contact with a corresponding line of the multi-wire bus. Each line of the multi-wire bus extends through the bottom interior of the molded plastic base and is secured thereto by fastening means.
The plastic base is provided with snap fasteners which are integrally connected to the base and which snap over the IC chip and lock the IC chip and chip carrier into place.
When the chip carrier is locked into place by the snap fasteners, the springs connecting to the various bus wires are placed into compression. Thus, when the snap fasteners are removed, the springs push upward upon the chip carrier and act as a release mechanism to ease removal and replacement of the chip carrier.
A programmable package having a plurality of fingers, (e.g., six) with each finger corresponding to a programmable input of the IC chip, is connected between a grounded wire of the multi-wire bus line and the IC chip. The fingers permit programming of the IC chip, so that each chip carrier is identical, with the programmable package of fingers being inserted at a harness level with an automatic wiring machine. If the fingers are not bent, each finger will come into contact with a conductive trace located on the underside of the chip carrier. Each conductive trace connects to a programmable input of the IC chip. The connection of a finger to a conductive trace grounds that input of the IC chip. If a finger is bent, then the connection to ground of the corresponding programmable input is broken and a logic 1 is programmed into that particular programmable input of the IC chip. Thus, each finger which is bent will result in a logic 1 being inputted while each finger which remains in contact with a conductive trace will result in a logic 0 being inputted.
The IC chip has a plurality of (e.g., six) programmable inputs (nodes) corresponding to the six fingers of the programmable package, with four of the inputs being programmed to designate a particular address and two of the inputs being programmed to designate a particular input-output configuration.
A plurality of such modules each programmed to a specific address and configuration can be located at various locations along the multi-wire bus line so that interaction between the various loads is facilitated. The module of the present invention is provided with means for interfacing with various loads along the multi-wire bus.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the molded base, chip carrier, and chip of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cutaway side-view illustration (along the plane A--A of FIG. 4) of the molded base, spring clip, and programmable packet of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the programmable packet according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the molded base of the present invention with the chip carrier placed therein;
FIG. 5 illustrates the positioning of the two-prong and three-prong connectors of the chip carrier in the molded base;
FIG. 6 illustrates the conductive traces on the underside of the chip carrier; and
FIG. 7 illustrates the location of each module of the present invention along a bus-line with each module being proximate to various loads.
FIG. 1 illustrates a two-stage module 1 in accordance with the present invention. A first stage comprises a molded base 2, and a second stage comprises a chip carrier 6 attached to molded base 2. As described below, a programmable packet 21 (FIG. 2) and a plurality of spring clips 14 electrically connects the base 2 to the chip carrier 6.
The molded plastic base 2 has a plurality of molded cavities in its bottom interior so as to allow wires 4 of a 5-wire bus to extend therethrough. The molded base 2 is preferably approximately 15 millimeters high, 40 millimeters in length, and 21.00 centimeters in width. Insulation Displacement Connectors (IDCs) 40A, 40B, 40C, 40D and 40E are provided on opposite sides of the molded base 2. The IDCs serve to direct the wires of the bus through the cavities of the molded base and further functions as a means for securing the wires of the bus (4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E) to the base. The IDCs are comprised of relatively sharp metal edges spaced apart so that when the insulated bus wires are inserted into an IDC and pulled through the molded cavities of the base during the harnessing stage of assembly, the insulation is pierced allowing connection directly to the wires.
Line 4A represents a serial input data (SID) line, line 4B represents a serial output data (SOD) line, line 4C represents a grounded line, line 4D represents a voltage source line and line 4E represents a clock pulse line. Those skilled in the art will realize that the locations of the various lines 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E can be interchanged as warranted without deviating from the teachings of the invention.
Chip carrier 6 (FIG. 1) supports IC chip 12 on its top side 6A and conductive traces 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D and 15E on its underside 6B (FIG. 6) The IC chip 12 is electrically connected to each conductive trace 15 A-E and selectively connected to a grounding conductive trace 17 by the programming mechanism (programmable packet) 21 described below. Chip carrier 6 is provided with dual conductive pins 8A and 8B and triple conductive pins 10A and 10B (see FIG. 6).
With reference to FIG. 4, chip carrier 6, dual conductive pins 8A and 8B, and triple conductive pins 10A and 10B are positioned in the molded base 2. The extreme end 16 of conductive pins 8A (see FIG. 1) are situated in dual pin interfacing socket 36. Pins 8B have a corresponding dual pin interfacing socket. The extreme end 18 of conductive pins 10A (see FIG. 1) are situated in triple pin interfacing socket 38. Pins 10B have a corresponding triple pin interfacing socket. The dual pin interfacing sockets interface with socket housing (or jack) 70 (see FIG. 7) and the triple pin interfacing sockets interface with socket housing (or jacks) 72. Triple conductive pins 10A and 10B are for connecting the module to sensors and low current, output loads such as microswitch 42, sensor 44, indicator 46 and push button switch 48 (FIG. 7). Dual conductive pins 8A and 8B are reserved for high current output such as D.C. motors 50A and 50B and solenoids 52A and 52B.
Four snap fasteners 23 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 1) are integrally formed with the molded base 2 and snap fit over chip carrier 6 of the IC chip 12. FIG. 2 shows two of these snap fasteners 23A and 23B to further illustrate how the module 1 is secured together. Accordingly, snap fasteners 23 function as a means for securely snap fitting chip carrier 6 to base 2.
Molded grooves 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D and 20E (FIG. 4) in the base 2 each accommodate a spring such as spring clip 14 shown in FIG. 2 which is fitted into groove 20C. Spring clip 14 connects grounded line 4C at the bottom of the molded base to the conductive trace 15C located on the underside 6B of chip carrier 6 (see FIG. 6).
A spring clip 14 is located in each groove 20 for connecting wires 4 A-E of the bus with a corresponding conductive trace 15 A-E (i.e., a spring clip 14 is located in groove 20A for connecting line 4A with conductive trace 15A located on the underside of chip carrier 6; a spring clip 14 is located in groove 20B to connects line 4B with conductive trace 15B; a spring clip 14 is located in groove 20D to connect line 4D with conductive trace 15D; and a spring clip 14 is located in groove 20E to connect line 4E with conductive trace 15E. The clips 14 include mechanisms known to those skilled in the art (such as insulation piercing devices) for electrically connecting the clips 14 to the wires 4.
When the module is snapped together each spring clip 14, is compressed so as to make secure contact with its corresponding conductive trace such as trace 15C (FIG. 5) located on the underside 6B of chip carrier 6. Since the spring clips are placed in compression when the module is fastened together by the snap fasteners 23, the spring clips will act as a release mechanism for the chip carrier 6 when the snap connection between the snap fasteners 23 and chip carrier 6 is removed. The spring clips 14 thus facilitate electrical connection between the conductive traces 15 and wire 4 A-E, and also removal of the IC chip carrier 6 upon disassembly of the module.
Accordingly, dual conductive pins 8A and 8B, and triple conductive pins 10A and 10B function as first electrical connections for electrically attaching input and/or output devices (e.g., devices 42, 44, 46, 48, 50A, 50B, 52A, 52B which are located externally of module 1) to chip carrier 6, and thus to chip 12. Conductive traces 15 A-15E function as second electrical connections for electrically connecting the bus wires 4 A-E to chip carrier 6 (and thus to IC chip 12) via spring clips 14. Spring clips 14 function as means for electrically connecting base 2 to the multi-wire bus, and also as electrical contact means for making electrical contact with the second connections (conductive traces 15A-15E) of the chip carrier 6.
Positioned on a central ridge 24 of the groove 20C for the spring 14 connecting to the ground wire 4C (as shown in FIG. 2) is a programmable finger packet 21 having six programmable fingers 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 22E and 22F as shown in FIG. 3. One end 21A of the packet 21 contacts the spring 14 in the groove 20C to electrically connect the packet 21 to the ground wire 4C. Each of the fingers 22 A-F can be selectively connected to the grounding conductive trace 17 to selectively ground a corresponding one of six programmable inputs (nodes) on the chip 12. With reference to FIG. 6, finger 22A can be selectively connected to trace 17A, finger 22B to trace 17B, finger 22C to trace 17C, finger 22D to trace 17D, finger 22E to trace 17E and finger 22F to trace 17F.
The finger packet 21 shown in FIG. 2 lies on ridge 24 in cavity area 7 of the module and is seen to have some of its fingers 22 A-F making contact with the grounding conductive trace 17 on the lower surface 6B of chip carrier 6 and some not making contact therewith. Each finger 22 A-F which makes contact with the conductive trace 17 (FIG. 5) on the undersurface 6B of the chip carrier 6 will result in a logic 0 being programmed into the corresponding programmable input of IC chip 12 since the input is grounded. However, if a finger 22 A-F is bent so as not to contact conductive trace 17, a logic 1 will be inputted to the chip 12 since the connection to ground is broken.
The six programmable fingers (22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 22E and 22F) of finger packet 21 can be utilized to designate a particular address and input-output configuration for a particular module. Four of the fingers are used to designate a particular address; thus in binary fashion, 16 addresses are possible (from address 0 to 15). The remaining two fingers are used to designate the input-output configuration of the module. Thus, it is seen how traces 17 A-F function as programmable inputs to the chip carrier 6 and to the IC chip 12, and how programmable packet 21 functions as means for programming IC-chip 12.
The use of the programmable finger packet 21 permits each chip carrier 6 to be identical, thus facilitating their replacement in the field (the replacement also being eased by the compression of the spring clips 14 urging the chip carrier 6 away from the base 2). The programming of the finger packet 21 is done at the harness level (i.e., when connecting the bus wire to the input/output devices) with an automatic wiring machine. Once programmed, any chip carrier 6 can be substituted into the base 2.
Being thus programmed, chip 12 of the module can receive signals from the five wire bus and convert the signals into states for the output devices while sending back on the bus the state of the input devices. By being programmed to a particular configuration, the chip can control which loads are to receive signals and which loads are to have signals sent back along the bus line.
FIG. 7 serves to illustrate how each module located along a bus line can be programmed to receive information intended for that particular address and to interact with the adjacent loads according to a particular configuration. For example, module 1A may be programmed to send information to D.C. motor 50A, solenoid 52A and microswitch 42; while receiving information from sensor 44 which information is then outputted along the bus. Module lB can be programmed to send information to DC motor 50B, solenoid 52B and indicator 46 while receiving information from switch 48.
The foregoing description is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Numerous changes and modifications to the invention described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. However, any such changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
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Unlike most makers of instruments and audio gear, Ian Schneller began his career as a sculptor. This unusual start gave him a unique perspective on musical objects as art, and he continues this tradition in his Chicago workshop today. Specimen's custom guitars and tube amps appeal to musicians worldwide due to their top-notch performance and astounding aesthetics.
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Terms & Conditions.
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Frame any photo on your wall without worrying about nail holes with the black Stickr Frame 8 Pack by BUTCH & harold. All you have to do is peel the back, attach the pictures, and stick on the wall. Both removable and reusable, these frames are easy to apply and a great way to decorate your space.
Includes 8 vinyl frames: two 5" x 7", one 8" x 10", four 4" x 6", one 4" x 4". Removable and reusable. Made in the U.S.
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Phoenix, Ariz.'s Valley Metro will now offer transit service based on the passenger's trip need, after an announcement made by Sun Cities Area Transit (SCAT), stating that the agency will no longer provide transportation service to residents in the Sun City area.
"We have been very supportive of SCAT for more than 20 years and realize that many Sun City residents have come to rely on the transit service," said David A. Boggs, Valley Metro executive director. "Beginning with the New Year, we will provide the ADA-required trips. In addition, we will provide other trips according to what we can afford to operate."
Valley Metro provides about $200,000 annually to SCAT to assist with the operations of their service. The funding primarily comes from Proposition 400 sales tax revenues that Maricopa County voters approved in 2004. Revenues are also provided through some federal funds. The 10 vehicles operated by SCAT were provided by Valley Metro.
Effective Jan. 1, Valley Metro will offer trips to passengers that are Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) certified and passengers that need life sustaining trips such as dialysis or chemotherapy.
Valley Metro is partnering with Discount Cab to offer the ADA trips within the Route 106 service area or medically life-sustaining passenger trips. ADA trips cost $2.00 one-way, other trips cost $4.00 one-way. Exact cash fare is required. SCAT Dial-a-Ride tickets will be accepted through Jan. 31, 2011.
Options for passengers who are not ADA certified or require medically life-sustaining trips include a volunteer driver program through Benevilla. The trips are based on volunteer availability and Benevilla requests a 24 hour to 48 hour advance notice.
Passengers will also be able to find a list of transportation providers for older adults, persons with disabilities, persons that are developmentally disabled or persons that are low income at the Maricopa Association of Governments' website.
The Titan800 Retractor System is designed to meet the latest WC18 industry regulations, which take effect December 2015.
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Following unanimous approval by the SFMTA board in January, the SFMTA has worked tirelessly to meet the city's demand for this program. In just over one month, the SFMTA has processed more than 38,000 applications for the Free Muni program expansion.
The accusations stem from a human rights complaint by a rider who said a bus driver refused to lower the wheelchair ramp for her because she was using a walker and not a wheelchair. STM holds monthly meetings where they open the floor to citizens to ask questions directly to board members.
The Berkshire Regional Transit Authority Soldier On call center coordinates transportation for veterans and their families traveling to VA medical centers in Leeds, Mass. and Albany as well as Pittsfield's VA clinic. Users can also coordinate work, education and shopping trips using existing routes.
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Duke Tops UNC in Classic
ESPN's Eamonn Brennan Previews Champions Classic [VIDEO]
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Three More Sectional Champs Crowned
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Joe&Brix Break Down Syracuse With Insider Brent Axe(AUDIO)
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The ejection sent the Blue Devils to the line and iced the game, giving 'Cuse only their second loss of the season.
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Talk about a commercial dispute. An actress who starred in a New York City law firm commercial spoofing plaintiffs who exaggerate their injuries has sued the producer, claiming it licensed the spot to other law firms without her knowledge. The ...Read More »
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Second Nature: Rethinking the Natural through Politics
These essays collected here, by both eminent and emerging scholars, engage interlocutors from Machiavelli to Arendt. Individually, they contribute compelling readings of important political thinkers and add fresh insights to debates in areas such as environmentalism and human rights. Together, the volume issues a call to think anew about nature, not only as a traditional concept that should be deconstructed or affirmed, but also as a site of human political activity and struggle worthy of sustained theoretical attention.
Additional information
Includes content by:Publisher:
- Crina Archer
- Laura Ephraim
- Lida Maxwell
- Yves Winter
- Thomas Laqueur
- New York
- 2013


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"The harder you work, the luckier you get."
Gary Player
Below is the poem entitled The Battle which was written by poet
Adams. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Josh Adams
Here we go men! Into the valiant fight!
Where men become men and cowards flee our sight!
Iron will clang and feet will race;
As bullets are thrown at a frightening pace!
Men will be thrown and cries will be heard –
As we fly our way through the smoke like a bird.
But in the end we shall acquire our victory;
And together we'll go down in the great epic of history!


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First looks at the Nikon D5500 and AF-S NIKKOR 300mm F/4E PF ED VR
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Think of your fireplace mantel as the ultimate foundation for art that reflects your personality. You simply begin with a mantel you adore and inspiration can be found anywhere. Consider a hobby you enjoy, a place you loved visiting, or even a mood you hope to evoke. There are limitless options when it comes to creating a one-of-a-kind mantle.
Family History
Why celebrate your family history like an "ordinary" person when there are so many extraordinary things you can do to bring that history to life? Scour flea markets and antique stores for old frames of different sizes. Fill those frames with black and white copies of family photos, reaching back as far as you can reach in family history. Don't worry about organizing the photos or placing them in any particular order. Simply arrange them in clusters of three. Between each cluster, display something else that represents your family: your grandfather's pipe resting on a cookbook once owned by a great-aunt; a pair of reading glasses perched on an old schoolbook. The idea is to mix and match pieces from as many generations as possible, without worrying about the rules.
A Curious Reflection
Gone are the days when everything on a fireplace mantel was lined up neatly and carefully displayed. Pull a collection of mirrors together — old, new, wooden, metal, ornate, and plain. Hang the largest mirror above the fireplace. Choose a few smaller mirrors that appeal to your aesthetic sense and stand them on the mantel. Odd numbers tends to draw the eye, so shoot for one mirror on one side of the mantel and three on the other. Reflection from the windows as well as the glow from the fireplace will be enhanced by the way they play off the mirrors. For extra drama, add a large candle or oil lamp to the side of the mantel displaying one single mirror.
Dream Destination
Perhaps you once took a dream vacation or there is a city you have always wanted to visit. Celebrate that place on your mantel! Be creative: frame a map of the city, stack books about the place, and add pieces reminiscent of the art created there. You can even stack small pieces of old-time hand luggage on one end of the mantel for an extra bit of whimsy.
Color My World
Psychology teaches us that different colors evoke different feelings. It explains why a soothing shade of green is used to cover the walls of so many hospitals. Choose a color that makes you smile and dedicate your fireplace mantel to it. Gather together everything you can find in that color and don't worry about what they have in common. The only trait they need to share is their color. Pottery, books, candles, frames, clocks – anything that appeals to your senses can find a home on that "all the same color" mantel.


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