text:
The queue execution mode is selected based on the unique tag that is assigned to the command. In one method embodiment, a tag is assigned for each of several disc access commands sent by the host. Two or more queues are created, each having a queue execution mode. Which of the queues is assigned to the command depends on the command's tag.
One device embodiment comprises a data storage disc, a memory, and a controller. The memory is configured to hold several pending commands for accessing the disc(s), each of the commands having a unique tag. The controller is configured to execute each queued command according to a mode that is determined base on the command's tag.
1. A method comprising steps of:
(a) assigning a unique tag for each of several disc access commands; and
(b) designating which of a plurality of queue execution modes to use for a selected one of the disc access commands based on the selected command's tag.
2. The method of
(c) associating at least two of the disc access commands with only one of the queue execution modes; and
(d) executing the two commands in an order that is partially based on an estimated seek length for each of the two commands.
3. The method of
4. The method of
(c) holding a sector identifier of the disc access command in a task file register; and
(d) transferring a data block corresponding to the sector identifier through a transducer adjacent to a data storage disc.
5. The method of
(c) associating one of the queue execution modes with a first queue;
(d) associating another of the queue execution modes with a second queue; and
(e) performing an operation that affects at least one command in the first queue without affecting a command that is in the second queue.
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
(a1) assigning a first one of the tags to a first-received one of the commands;
(a2) while the received command is still pending, assigning a second one of the tags to a second-received one of the commands;
(a3) while the received commands are both still pending, assigning a third one of the tags to a third-received one of the commands; and
(a4) after the assigning steps (a1)-(a3) are completed, completing the first-, second- and third-received commands.
15. The method of
(a5) of assigning a fourth one of the tags to a fourth-received one of the commands while the third-received command is still pending.
16. A method comprising steps of:
(a) defining an available set of modes to comprise a standard mode and a video mode, the standard mode associated with a standard queue and configured to use a standard error correction process, the video mode associated with a non-standard queue and not configured to use the standard error correction process;
(b) assigning a sequential delivery queue tag to a first-received one of the commands, the first-received command being a video data transfer command;
(c) assigning a first standard queue tag to a second-received one of the commands while the received command is still pending, the second-received command being a standard read command;
(d) assigning a second standard queue tag to a third-received one of the commands while the received commands are both still pending, the third-received command being a standard write command;
(e) assigning another tag to a fourth-received one of the commands while the third-received command is still pending;
(f) designating one of the available set of modes for each of the commands based on the command's tag; and
(g) after the assigning steps (b)-(e) and the designating step (f) are completed, completing the received commands.
17. The method of
(g1) using the video mode to transfer data through a transducer at a disc location identified by the sector address associated with the first-received command; and
(g2) using the standard mode and the sector addresses associated with the standard commands, executing the standard commands in a sequence that is partially based on an estimated seek length for each of the standard commands.
18. An electromechanical device comprising:
one or more data storage disc(s);
a memory configured to hold several pending commands for accessing the disc(s), each of the commands having a unique tag; and
a controller configured to determine which of a plurality of queue execution modes to use for a selected one of the pending disc access commands based on the selected command's tag.
19. The electromechanical device of
20. The electromechanical device of
21. The electromechanical device of
22. The electromechanical device of
23. The electromechanical device of
24. The electromechanical device of
[0001] This application relates generally to command queueing, and more particularly to using tag values in determining how command queues function.
[0002] Modern data storage systems for use with a host central processing unit (�CPU�) usually include at least one disc drive for nonvolatile storage. Each disc drive typically includes one or more discs upon which are one or two data surfaces with addressable tracks and storage sectors. The disc drive unit includes a read/write head for accessing data to be stored or read from each disc storage surface. In drives that use more than one data surface, the collection of all tracks having the same track number on the surfaces defines what is conventionally called a �storage cylinder.�
[0003] A disc controller is coupled between the host(s) and the storage device to control the flow of data and to control positioning of the disc read/write heads for accessing desired sectors. Data that the host CPU wants to store on a disc is first stored in a buffer memory accessible by the controller. The controller then reads the buffer memory and writes the data to the disc at storage locations specified by the host CPU. Data that the host wants to retrieve from the disc is requested by the host CPU and retrieved from disc to the buffer memory. The data is then sent to the host by the disc controller via a host interface.
[0004] The host CPU specifies memory storage locations in terms of physical disc addresses, for example, by specifying disc cylinder, head and sector at which the desired data is to be found or stored. On the other hand, modern computer systems preferably use logical (or �virtual�) addressing, with which data is identified by a logical sector address. The necessary physical-logical address conversions take place under control of a local microprocessor associated with the disc controller unit. Generally, to be competitive in the commercial market place, the local microprocessor is a relatively inexpensive, low performance component.
[0005] When the host CPU sends a command to the disc controller, task registers within the controller are written to and initialized, for example with respect to sector, head, transfer count, and mode information. The last action associated with this process is the writing of the actual command, e.g., a read command, to the command register within the task registers. Certain bits within the host CPU-issued command inform the disc controller what type of address is being given, e.g., physical CHS or virtual LBA. However, these command bits do not inform the controller as to what action should be taken.
[0006] As noted, the first few writes by the host CPU simply load information into the other task registers. The final write is to the command register, at which time the local microprocessor recognizes that this register has been written to. Upon recognition, which can result from polling or from an interrupt mechanism, the local microprocessor fetches the contents of all of the registers. The number of task registers depends upon the standard to which the disc controller conforms. For example, an AT Attachment (or �ATA�) compatible controller may have six to ten task registers, whereas a Small Computer System Interface (�SCSI�) controller can have sixteen or more registers. These registers are used, for example, to specify the addresses at which the host CPU wishes to read or write.
[0007] Unfortunately, conventional protocols offer little or no control over how queued commands are to be performed. The SCSI protocol has a �head of queue� modifier available as a part of its command delivery sequence, for example, to expedite certain commands. Exclusive reliance on such modifiers wastes a valuable opportunity for efficient and versatile control over how queued commands are executed.
[0008] In the present invention, the queue execution mode is selected partially or wholly based on the (unique) tag that is assigned to the command. In a first embodiment of the present invention, a method, a tag is assigned for each of several disc access commands sent by the host. Two or more queues are created, each having a queue execution mode implemented in the disc controller and/or local microprocessor. The command's tag is used to determine which of the queues is assigned to the command.
[0009] Suppose that two of the disc access commands are assigned to one standard queue in quick succession. Rather than automatically requiring the commands to be executed First-In First-Out (FIFO), for example, one is selected to be executed before the other based on a comparison between the estimated seek lengths for the respective commands. While the two commands are both still pending, the host sends two more commands, each of which then receives a respective tag. After all four commands are assigned a unique tag and a corresponding queue execution mode, they are executed according to the assigned queue execution mode(s).
[0010] In a second alternative embodiment, a contiguous range of tags is established by associating the range with a given queue. In this way, the tags of the range are succinctly associated with the queue execution mode to be used for executing the commands to be placed in that queue. For example, an execution mode tailored for handling video data can be associated with a sequential delivery queue with no error correction, or with less-than-standard error correction. The mode can further be established such that a time-out error is reported if (and only if) a pending command is not completed within a predetermined interval. A queue execution mode can also be readily redefined for a given set of tags, preferably while the tags are not assigned to any command.
[0011] In a third alternative embodiment, each in-progress disc access command includes at least one sector address that is held in a task file register while its corresponding data block is transferred through a transducer adjacent to its data storage disc. One of the defined queue execution modes is associated with a first queue and another of the modes is associated with a second queue. These associations are used for addressing sets of queued commands, such as to enable an operation that affects any and all in-store command(s) in the first queue without affecting any command(s) in the second queue. For a newly-received command that has a predetermined �abort trigger� tag or is otherwise recognizable as such a queue-addressing activation, all of the �in-store� commands in the associated queue can be conveniently aborted. (For purposes of this document, a received command is �in store� until and unless it is aborted, in progress, or completed.) This special command with such a trigger tag can be used to initiate a triggered operation affecting one or several in-store commands, in an orderly fashion, commencing when the special command is �in progress.�
[0012] In a fourth alternative embodiment, a device of the present invention includes one or more data storage disc(s), an actuator having a nominal seek time longer than 1 millisecond, a memory, and a controller. The memory is configured to hold several pending commands for accessing the disc(s), each of the commands having a unique tag. The controller is configured to determine which of a plurality of queue execution modes to use for a selected one of the pending disc access commands based on the selected command's tag.
[0013] In a fifth alternative embodiment, the memory is configured to hold the tag as a binary value no larger than one byte, and further includes a multiple-bit state register configured to identify one or more other tags that are available for a future command. The disc controller and/or local microprocessor is configured with software to provide at least two queues, one for a higher-priority execution mode and another for a lower-priority execution mode. The first queue is associated with a total of M tags. The second mode is associated with a total of N tags, where N>0 and M>0.
[0014] Additional features and benefits will become apparent upon reviewing the following figures and their accompanying detailed description.
[0015]FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method of the present invention.
[0016]FIG. 2 shows a mechanical drawing of a disc drive system configured to benefit from the present invention.
[0017]FIG. 3 shows a schematic drawing of a host and data storage system of the present invention, the data storage system able to receive and act on commands as shown in FIGS. 5&6.
[0018]FIG. 4 shows a chart with register definitions for initializing queues for use in the present invention.
[0019]FIG. 5 shows a short series of commands issued by a host CPU establishing the queues for use with the present invention.
[0020]FIG. 6 shows a series of commands issued by the host CPU and a series of responsive actions taken by a local microprocessor.
[0021]FIG. 7 shows a series of many states of a 32-bit tag availability register illustrating the operation of the present invention.
[0022]FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of another method of the present invention.
[0023] Although the examples below show more than enough detail to allow those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, subject matter regarded as the invention is broader than any single example below. The scope of the present invention is distinctly defined, however, in the claims at the end of this document.
[0024] Numerous aspects of basic engineering and of channel communications protocols that are not a part of the present invention (or are well known in the art) are omitted for brevity, avoiding needless distractions from the essence of the present invention. For example, this document does not articulate detailed and diverse methods for implementing a disc controller. Neither does it include complete detail about how queues of different types will interact. Specific techniques for deciding logical block address mapping and for prioritizing shorter seeks are likewise omitted, typically being a matter of design choice to those of ordinary skill in that field of technology.
[0025] Definitions and clarifications of certain terms are provided in conjunction with the descriptions below, all consistent with common usage in the art but some described with greater specificity. A �tag� is a scalar identifier, typically a one-byte binary value of several bits. A �queue execution mode� specifies how but not where the queued commands are to be executed. For example, a queue execution mode can be a simple binary queue number, but not if the number merely refers to a less-busy one of several queues that are otherwise identical in how they process commands.
[0026]FIG. 1 shows a method 100 of the present invention comprising steps 110 through 150. A unique tag is assigned for each of several simultaneously pending disc access commands 120. Then a queue execution mode is determined for a selected one of the commands, the determination being based on the selected command's tag 130. Step 130 is then repeated for each incoming disc access command 140 as it is received.
[0027]FIG. 2 shows a �top view� of a hard disc drive 200 constructed to benefit from the present invention. (Terms like �top view� are arbitrary here, in that data handling systems like drive 200 can generally operate in any orientation.) Drive 200 includes �top� cover 223 that cooperates with base 202 to form a sealed chamber. Components supported in the chamber include a spindle motor 215 which rotates one or more data storage disc(s) 289 at hundreds or thousands of revolutions per minute. Information is written to and read from data surfaces on disc(s) 289 through the use of an actuator assembly 261, which rotates during a seek operation about a bearing shaft assembly 230. Actuator assembly 261 includes one or more actuator arms 290 which extend above and below each of the disc(s) 289, with one or more flexures 293 extending from each of the actuator arms. Mounted at the distal end of each of the flexures is a transducer 234 on an air-bearing slider enabling transducer 234 to fly in close proximity adjacent the corresponding surface of an associated disc 289.
[0028] Servo and user data travels through transducer 234 and flex cable 280 to control circuitry on controller board 206. (Controller board 206 is configured to interface with a host like disc controller unit 306 of FIG. 3 does, to perform all operations described in this document.) Flex cable 280 maintains an electrical connection by flexing as each transducer 234 seeks along its path between tracks on disc(s) 289.
[0029] During a seek operation, the overall track position of transducers 234 is controlled through the use of a voice coil motor (VCM), which typically includes a coil 222 fixedly attached to actuator assembly 261, as well as one or more permanent magnets 220 which establish a magnetic field in which coil 222 is immersed. The controlled application of current to coil 222 causes magnetic interaction between permanent magnets 220 and coil 222 so that coil 222 moves. As coil 222 moves, actuator assembly 261 pivots about bearing shaft assembly 230 and transducers 234 are caused to move across the surfaces of the disc(s) 289 between the inner diameter and outer diameter of the disc(s) 289.
[0030]FIG. 3 shows a computer system 300 implementing the present invention. Host CPU 304 is configured to communicate with a disc controller unit 306 to transmit data to or from a disc 308. Associated with disc controller unit 306 are disc buffer cache 310 (where data can be temporarily stored to shorten access time) and a local microcontroller 312 that controls unit 306.
[0031] Host CPU 304 executes system software 318, and communicates with the disc controller unit 306 through CPU system bus 314, disc interface adapter 316 that provides decode and electrical buffering, and disc interface cable 317. Disc controller unit 306 may be implemented in any number of ways, provided there is general similarity with the industry-accepted AT Attachment (�ATA�), SCSI, or other common interface protocol in effect as of this filing. The host interface protocol defines the interface between a host processor (e.g., CPU 304) communicating over a host bus (e.g., serial ATA bus 314) and a disc controller unit (e.g., unit 306).
[0032] Some of these interface protocols define a set of task registers, a disc interface cable connector, and associated interface signals. The defined task register set includes a command register containing the command code being sent to the disc drive, a data register for transferring data blocks between the controller buffer and the host processor, registers concerned with the relevant disc drive address, sector and read/write head, and registers containing status information including error posting.
[0033] Some of these interface protocols also require certain real-time CPU-controller interface functions to be performed by the controller unit. For example, an intersector handshake may be required at each sector boundary on a disc, whereby the status of a previous sector must be posted before reading or writing from the next sector. Further, controller unit task file registers may require updating to indicate the identity of the sector currently being transferred. Finally, all write data may be automatically receipted for. One skilled in the art will recognize that many of these optional features of system 300 create synergies with the present invention that can be advantageous.
[0034] The example of system 300 is primarily a block interface. Host CPU 304 requests a block of data to or from the controller unit 306 in terms of a physical cylinder-head-sector (CHS) address, but does not specify or control where or in what form that data shall be stored in buffer cache 310, or on the disc 308. Buffer cache 310 is optionally implemented as Dynamic Random Access Memory (�DRAM�).
[0035] As shown in FIG. 3, controller unit 306 includes a host interface unit 326 preferably comprising a microprocessor-controlled sequencer, or state machine 328 and a set of registers 330, including interface-compliant task registers. Unit 326 further includes buffer control unit 334 that communicates with the interface unit 326 via a First-In First-Out (�FIFO�) buffer 332, that communicates with a disc sequencer 338 via a second FIFO buffer 336. Control unit 334 also communicates with the disc buffer cache 310. Disc sequencer 338 transmits data between disc cache 310 (via buffer control 334) and disc 308. Lines 333,335 transmit address and control information to and from buffer control unit 334 as shown.
[0036] Controller unit 306 also includes a local microprocessor interface 342 that communicates with the sequencer unit 328, and with a disc sequencer/state machine 338. The disc sequencer 338 is also coupled between FIFO 336 and the disc 308, and preferably also to an Error Correcting Code (�ECC�) logic unit (not shown) that corrects data read from the disc 308.
[0037] Within controller 306, data is stored in FIFO 336 before either transmission to disc 308 or to buffer cache 310. FIFO buffers 332 and 336 are each sized to hold less than one sector's worth of data. This advantageously permits data stored in FIFO 336 to be read out while data are being written into FIFO 332. Buffer control 334 addresses and provides buffer cache read/write timing signals and controls to the buffer cache 310.
[0038] Upon command from the host processor 304, data to or from memory associated with the host CPU is parallel-transferred into the controller unit 306 through the interface unit 326, FIFO 332, and then into the disc buffer cache 310. Upon receipt of a host CPU command, the controller unit local microprocessor 312 is interrupted, or the local microprocessor may simply be in a polling loop, continuously testing to see whether a host CPU command has been received. In either case, once an incoming command is recognized, local microprocessor 312 then reads task file registers (among registers 330) and decodes the command and command bits from the command register.
[0039] Task file registers (among registers 330) within interface unit 326 are updated repeatedly during disc drive data transfer operations. As such, the host system software 318 accesses the task file registers 330 to monitor data transfer and to associate errors reported by disc 308 with respect to particular sectors. Task file registers 330 specify the logical disc address to be read/written by the host system 304,316, and will reflect the logical disc address of the sector currently being transferred to or from the host system. Disc drive software 324 also accesses task file registers 330 as the local microprocessor 312 supervises the disc 308, as it executes the host system commands, and as it directs transfer of data to and from disc cache 310 and the storage media within disc 308. Local microprocessor includes RAM 321 which can be used to supplement task file registers 330 for storing key information such as the contents of register 799 (see FIG. 7).
[0040]FIG. 4 shows a chart 400 showing register definitions 405-485 for initializing queues for use in the present invention. In present-day protocols, for example, these definitions could be used with the ATA SET FEATURES command or with a SCSI MODE SELECT page. At value 0xEE is the �Features� register which is used to set queue attributes 405 (i.e. queue execution modes).
[0041] �Sector Count� register values 0x00-0x10 are used to establish �priority queues� 415. These queues each have a priority that is unique relative to the other priority queues. A queue is defined simply by specifying a range of one or more tag values, a queue with lower tag values having a higher priority than one with higher tag values. Within a given queue all pending commands have equal priority, and they may thus be completed in a different order than that in which the host transmits them. For example, commands within a queue may be reordered to expedite a command with a shorter servo seek, enhancing overall performance.
[0042] �Sector Count� register value 0x11 is used to establish an �abort handling queue� 425. This queue is defined by a range of tags in which the highest-numbered tag corresponds to a command that includes a request to abort all other outstanding operations in the abort handling queue. When status for the command with the special abort semantics is completed all other commands in the defined tag range will be aborted.
[0043] �Sector Count� register value 0x12 is used to establish an �AV attribute queue� 435. This queue is defined by a range of tags in which the commands are assumed to execute in the order they are received, regardless of tag. These commands are performed in an error handling mode that requires each to be completed within 100 milliseconds from the command transfer from the host. Otherwise the command is deemed to have failed, and an error is returned.
[0044] The Logical Block Address Low (�LBA Low�) register values 0-31 are used to define the start tag of a given queue 445. The �LBA Mid� register values 0-31 are used to define the ending tag of a given queue 455. The �LBA High� register values are reserved, not yet having a defined meaning 465. The �Device� register value has the standard meaning under the present-day ATA protocol 475. �Command� register value 0xEF is used to refer to the �SET FEATURES� command 485.
[0045] In this embodiment, the �priority� and �AV attribute� queues are the only ones with defined interactions between the queues. Any other queues can buffer commands to be executed but otherwise operate independently of their counterparts. It will be understood that in a real disc drive which supports all of these queue attributes simultaneously some additional defined interaction policy would normally be needed. For example, the �AV attribute� queue(s) of this embodiment optionally have higher priority than any other queue.
[0046]FIG. 5 shows a short series 500 of commands issued by host CPU 304 establishing the queues. Command 510 establishes a 6-tag �high-priority� queue consistent with register definition 415. Command 520 establishes an 10-tag medium-priority queue. These two queues are now ready for use and can be used, for example, to perform commands 611 through 617 of FIG. 6.
[0047] Returning now to FIG. 5, command 530 establishes a 10-tag abort handling queue. Note that command 530 also re-allocates tags 0x0E and 0x0F so that the queue created by command 520 now has only 8 tags. The queue execution mode associated with these two tags is redefined while the tags are �available� (i.e. not assigned to any command). Command 540 establishes an 8-tag Audio/Visual (AV) attribute queue. Key data from these commands 510-540 is stored in RAM 321 of local microprocessor 312 and/or task file register 330. Note that this data signifies the existence of tags associated with a variety of queue execution modes (in that the values in the �SC� column 575 refer to a diverse variety of register definitions 415,425,435 in FIG. 4).
[0048]FIG. 6 shows a series of commands 601 issued by host CPU 304 and a series of responsive actions 602 taken by local microprocessor 312. A read is queued 611 at tag 0x0, a read is queued 613 at tag 0x6, a read is queued 615 at tag 0x0, and a write is queued 617 at tag 0x0. For like-priority tasks, local microprocessor 312 selects which queued command according to predetermined criteria. For present purposes it is assumed that �write� commands receive preferential treatment. Tag 0x1 is completed 620, then tag 0x0 is completed 622, completing the �high priority� queue's tasks. Then tags 0x6 and 0xB are completed 624,626.
[0049] There is a lapse of time. Then a read is queued 631 at tag 0x10, a read is queued 633 at tag 0x13, a read is queued 635 at tag 0x12, and a write is queued 637 at tag 0x11. While tag 0x12 is being completed 640, another read is queued 639 at tag 0x17. This last read command does not include a data transfer phase, and thus does not result in any data from disc 308 passing through FIFO buffer 336. Because tag 0x17 is the activation tag of an �abort handling� queue established by command 530, the other commands pending in that queue are aborted 642. Then tag 0x17 is completed 644, signaling final cleanup. In an alternative embodiment, two abort handling queues are also AV attribute queues with differing priority. If the higher-priority one of these receives a command into its abort handling activation tag, that queue is emptied of pending commands. Execution then begins right away on commands pending in the lower-priority AV attribute queue.
[0050] There is another lapse of time. Then a read is queued 651 at tag 0x18, a read is queued 653 at tag 0x1B, a read is queued 655 at tag 0x00, a read is queued 657 at tag 0x1A, and a write is queued 659 at tag 0x19. Tags 0x18 and 0x1B are completed 660,662. After tag 0x1A begins, disc controller unit 306 fails to complete tag 0x1A before the expiration of the 100 millisecond AV command time limit. Local processor 312 detects this 664 and transmits an error while completing tag 0x1A 670. Tag 0x19 is likewise completed in error 672, the error being cleared only after the queue is cleared. Execution of the lower-priority read at tag 0x00 is then completed normally 674, unaffected by the AV attribute queue errors.
[0051]FIG. 7 shows a series of many states of a 32-bit tag availability register 700 residing in RAM 321 of processor 312. Initially the queue is not partitioned and all 32 of the tags are uniformly configured for a �normal queued data� execution mode: uniform priority, error correction, no AV-related processing, no special command attributes, etc. Zeroes in the initial state of the register 799 indicate that each binary-numbered tag is initially available for allocation to a command, bit zero being farthest to the right. Small arrow 709 indicates when the queue establishment command series 500 (of FIG. 5) is performed. At register state 710, all 32 tags are all still available, but the queue has been partitioned into four queues 701,702,703,704 having attributes as shown in FIGS. 4&5. Each of these has its own special execution mode in this example, and queue 703 actually has an additional �activation� mode. Register state 711 indicates the result of command 611 (of FIG. 6). State 717 indicates the result of command 617.
[0052] State 720 indicates the result of action 620, the completion of tag 0x1. Large arrow 719 indicates a generally longer interval of time, one that is long enough for a (mechanical) seek operation across a data surface of disc 308. This is several milliseconds or more, generally unlike the quicker, merely electrical operations marked by small arrows 709. Following action 620, note that a high priority command is still pending at tag 0x0, and that other commands are still pending at 0x6 and 0xB. After action 626, state 726 shows that no commands are pending.
[0053] After command 631, state 731 shows that one command is pending at tag 0x10. After command 637, state 737 shows that four commands are pending in abort processing queue 703, but that the other queues 701,702,704 are empty. After command 639, state 739 shows that five commands are pending in queue 703, one of which is the abort activation command at tag 0x17. After command 640, state 740 shows that the command at tag 0x10 has completed. After the abort activation command is completed 644, state 744 shows that all tags in queue 703 are again available.
[0054] After loading five more commands into the buffer by steps 651 through 659, state 759 shows that one is in queue 701 and the others are in queue 704. After completing all of the AV attribute actions 660 through 672, state 772 shows that only the command at tag 0x0 (in the high priority queue 701) remains to be completed.
[0055]FIG. 8 shows another detailed example, a method 800 of the present invention comprising steps 805 through 875. �Standard� and �video� execution modes are defined 815. Four commands are received 820 from a host. A sequential delivery queue tag is assigned to the first command, a video data transfer command 830. Standard queue tags are assigned to the second command (a read) and the third command (a write) 835. Based on each command's tag, a queue execution mode is selected for each command 840. The video mode is used to transfer data through a transducer at a location identified by the sector address(es) associated with the first command 850. The standard mode is similarly used to transfer data for the second and third command, using an execution sequence that is partially based on an estimated seek length for each of the standard commands 860. That is to say, the standard mode prefers to perform very short seeks before very long seeks, all other things being equal.
[0056] It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of various embodiments of the invention, this disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of structure and arrangement of parts within the principles of the present invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed. For example, the particular elements may vary depending on the particular application for the data synchronizing while maintaining substantially the same functionality without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. In addition, although most of the embodiments described herein relate to a hard disc drive, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the teachings of the present invention can be applied to other systems such as those using removable data storage media, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
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Swim with turtles on Lord Howe Island, get to know spiders a little better at the Australian Reptile Park or enjoy an up-close look at dolphins and whales across the State. There's no shortage of creature features in NSW to tick off the bucket list.
For a truly wild night, stay at the self-contained Savannah Cabins at Taronga Western Plains Zoo in Dubbo, and check out what happens in the zoo after dark. That's one of three overnight options at the zoo; also try Billabong Camp and Zoofari Lodge, in essence a private African safari experience relocated to Central NSW.
At Altina Wildlife Park, south of Griffith, all sorts of animals roam the grounds. Don't miss the four white lion cubs, born last November, or the too-cute twin marmoset monkeys. Mogo Zoo, near Batemans Bay, specialises in looking after endangered species, such as lowland gorillas, tigers, lemurs, snow leopards and red pandas, as well as a pair of newly arrived rhino.
If spiders and snakes are your cup of tea, head to the Australian Reptile Park at Somersby, where you'll find scaly critters galore, from alligators to lizards. Reptiles may reign supreme but you'll meet a lot of other species, too: spiders, owls and cassowaries, kangaroos, possums and wallabies. And no one leaves without saying hello to Elvis, the "crankiest crocodile", or Hugo, the giant Galapagos tortoise.
Like to dance with the devil? Tours of Devil Ark in the Barrington Tops, which is committed to preserving the endangered Tasmanian Devil, are available from now until May.
There's a new koala breeding and education centre at Port Stephens' Oakvale Farm & Fauna World. As well as the inhabitants of 'Koala Country', there are plenty of other animals to see, pat, feed and milk.
Fall in love with fur seals and little penguins at Montague Island Nature Reserve, 9km off Narooma. Peregrine falcons, crested terns and silver gulls patrol the skies and, if your timing is right, you'll see migrating whales journey past. There are plenty of whale- and dolphin-spotting cruises operating out of Newcastle, Nelson Bay, Huskisson and Port Stephens.
Farmstays are a great way for city kids to get to know animals. Between Armidale and Uralla, Wayward Jerseys Farmstay offers a hands-on experience with goats, sheep, chickens, cattle and kangaroos. Also worth a mention is North Farm near Bellingen, where goat milking, egg collecting and cheesemaking are part of the deal.
At Shear Outback, home of the Australian Shearers' Hall of Fame in the Riverina region, kids can meet sheepdogs and watch sheep being shorn in the Murray Downs Woolshed, in between playing in the onsite maze.
Fur, feathers, fine food and family fun - The Macadamia Castle is full of little surprises! There are lots of native furry friends and cuddly nursery animals, mini golf, train rides, playgrounds and b...www.macadamiacastle.com.au
Trudgalong Farm is a farm with a difference. This 130 acre farm has diversified to aquaculture, Boer goat stud, miniature ponies, poultry, Labrador stud, worm farm and much more. You can combine eithe...
Lake Cowal is New South Wales' largest natural inland lake at approximately 21 kilometres long and 9.5 kilometres wide with an average depth of around 2.5 metres and covering an area of over 13,00...www.blandshire.nsw.gov.au
The Koala Zone is located on the left hand side of Kingfisher Avenue right at the Hawks Nest end of the 'Singing Bridge' which joins the twin townships of Hawks Nest and Tea Gardens. As few as eleven ...www.greatlakes.org.au
If it's a wildlife experience you are after, from seeing a rare Sumatran tiger feeding, cuddling up to a koala or hand feeding a kangaroo - Symbio really does get you closer! Enjoy the m...www.symbiozoo.com.au
From sharks to shrimps, the octopus to the tropical fish. It's all on display in our living theatre of the deep. Fabulous 27 fish tank aquarium and a fantastic ocean tank.Feeding time al...www.merimbulawharf.com.au
The Urana Aquatic Centre is a man made lake that is an ideal venue for any water based and family activities including water skiing, fishing and boating.Developed on the original site of the...www.urana.nsw.gov.au
Located seven kilometres from Gunnedah on the Mullaley Road, Waterways Wildlife Park has many different varieties of wildlife. Get up close and personal with the cute and cuddly koalas at Wa...www.visitgunnedah.com.au
Located at the base of Willans Hill, the Wagga Wagga Botanic Gardens are set over eight hectares.A mini zoo, children's adventure playground, free flight aviary and rainforest section ar...www.visitwagga.com
Lake Forbes is a restful place for picnickers and travellers. The banks are grassy and there are barbecue and picnic facilities, large shade trees with abundant birdlife and playgrounds. A tranquil re...www.forbes.nsw.gov.au
Displaying 1 - 10 of 51


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I love the coral bells in my garden for their beautiful foliage. This ring was impressed with one the leaves. The white porcelain was stained with a deep amber brown glaze to bring out the delicate texture. The porcelain has been mounted to a wide antique gold toned band. The band is adjustable.
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Reveal - An earthy porcelain ring with impression of a Coral Bell leaf.
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Snaggletooth, which is similar to having imperfect whites due to some protruding ones is the new craze in Japan.
Japanese women are now spending about $400 just to make their perfect teeth look imperfect. Whereas women in other parts of the globe spend a fortune to have perfectly aligned pearly white smiles, these Japanese females are the doing the exact opposite due to a fashion craze, dubbed the snaggletooth craze, currently hitting their shores.
And what more to validate the craze than with an all-girl band named after it. TYB48 or "Tseuke-Yaeba 48" whose debut album titled "Mind If I Bite?" came out April 2011. Tseuke-yaeba means snaggletooth in Japan.
But purposely mangling one's set of teeth, specially when one already has the fortunate set of perfect teeth, can later on serve more injury than the temporary beauty.
Yes, they may look cute but Dr. Joseph Banker, a cosmetic dentist, told Yahoo Shine that purposely tinkering with front canines can lead to jaw problems, tooth decay and bacteria build-up.
"Although the procedure may seem non-invasive, the underlying teeth can be damaged in several ways. The additional length may cause stress on the teeth and can increase the risk of a tooth fracture," he said.
The snaggletooth look gives a Japanese woman that "impish kind of beauty which men find endearingly attractive," according to Taro Masuoka, the very same dentist who pioneered the procedure and is the creator of TYB48 or "Tseuke-Yaeba 48."
"A lot of my patients are fashion-conscious and very cute. I wanted to find some way to take advantage of this, so I formed TYB48," Masuoka told Japan Today.
However, their Western counterparts believe the trend will just stay where it is, only in Japan.
"Americans have spent billions of dollars educating ourselves on the effects of good oral hygiene . . . We care about the way our teeth look but we care more about if they are healthy," Dr Jacqueline Fulop Goodling told Yahoo Shine.


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Kevin Zeese and Margaret Flowers: The movement of movements bringing together people concerned about the environment, labor, food and water, Internet freedom, energy policy, banking regulation and so many other issues has been able to stop the rigged corporate trade agreement being pushed by the Obama administration.
The Trans Pacific Partnership or TPP is a set of agreements being worked on by hundreds of multinational corporations and trade associations. Many oppose the talks because they have been conducted in secret, behind closed doors because, many argue that they intend to void American laws that protect workers, jobs, health, and the environment. The articles below offer the progressive perspective of TPP.
People and Planet Before Profits
Trans-Pacific Trade Agreement: Not So Fast
Is People Pressure Making Fast Tracking the TPP Politically Toxic?
Constituents Opposing TPP Fast Track Locked Out of Congressman Becerra's Office
Taking America Back(wards)
TPP Nightmare Looming
Another Missed TPP Deadline Calls Pact's Agenda into Question
TPP Protesters Greet President Obama in Beverly Hills — in Pictures
Monsanto, the TPP, and Global Food Dominance
Voices Raised Against Secret Trade Deal
Tell Obama, Reid and Pelosi to Flush the TPP: Beverly Hills, November 25th
Lauren Steiner: On Monday, November 25, as many as 500 people will be the first to take the public protests of the secret trade deal, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) directly to the President, the Senate Majority Leader and the House Minority Leader when they come to town for two high dollar Democratic Party fundraisers.


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Top Definition
Pronounced "kwi-boh-too". Stands for "Queen Bitch of the Universe", often used as a nickname for an unliked wife or ex.
Well, QBOTU just called and told me she's suing for full custody.
by Captain Spork June 09, 2009
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Snapshot, January 10, 2013
In late October 2011, Elgiva Bwire Oliacha, a member of the militant group al Shabaab, killed six and injured dozens more in central Nairobi. The attack was significant not only because it was part of a sudden upswing in jihadist terrorism in Kenya but also because Oliacha is a native Muslim ...
Snapshot, February 2, 2012
For the better part of five years, much of Somalia's long-suffering population has been caught in a deadly stalemate between al Shabaab, an al Qaeda-linked militant group, and African Union peacekeepers, known as AMISOM. The peacekeepers are tasked with defending the country's weak ...
Snapshot, July 9, 2014
The current political upheaval and conflict in Kenya could not have been better scripted for the Islamist militant group al Shabaab. Its continued attacks have successfully pitted the country's two top politicians, President Uhuru Kenyatta and his main rival, Raila Odinga, against each other in ...


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Nurse infected with Ebola knew risks of her work
In a statement, Nina Pham says she wants "to thank everyone for their kind wishes and prayers."
In a statement, Nina Pham says she wants "to thank everyone for their kind wishes and prayers."
Company leaders have submitted to the city plans for a 136,455-square-foot store.
A gourd weighing 2,058 pounds took first prize and set a new tournament record Monday at an annual pumpkin-weighing contest in Northern Cali…
Ebola has killed more than 4,000 people — nearly all of them in West Africa — so far.
The drone hovered over the stadium during the playing of "Jump Around" at last Saturday's Badgers game.
Neither candidate for governor has offered detailed plans for how they would solve the looming transportation budget shortfall.
The man was identified as Andrew Hansen, 21, of Omro.
About 250 people are expected to attend the symposium.
The featured speaker will be Janis Minor Forte, the granddaughter of a slave who has been researching her family history since the late 1970…
Shannon Cole Bailey told authorities that he sold all his possessions and moved from West Virginia so he could be with the girl.


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In today's health care system, medicine often comes with a strange, Faustian bargain—including a plan for almost everything except the price.
When Roger Ebert died in 2013, America was deprived of one of its finest film critics. But reviewing his body of work shows we also lost one of our best writers on addiction.
A home birth begets a crash course in DIY medical waste disposal.
When illness erases the fine line between love and obsession.
A sharp rise recently in the price of onions in India is about a lot more than just sandwiches. When onions are up, even governments are at risk.
Afternoons in the big city are terrible. Sunsets are horrifying, nights are long and anxious. Other people have choices, but not you. Then suddenly, a bicycle.
Going on a five-day cleanse—subsisting on a diet of shots, smoothies, very few actual foods, and no caffeine—leads to visions of apocalypse. From 2013, a quest to find the seven billionth child on Earth.
Modern dentistry does wonders for a rotten molar or a cracked bicuspid—it's modern dental insurance that falls short.
Boxing belongs to the young. For an off-and-on wannabe, back in the ring and facing down The Chainsaw, the stakes are higher than they'll ever be.
Your opponents have something to prove, certain wishes they want fulfilled. Also, they really hope their knees don't blow out before halftime. Welcome to over-40s soccer.
The world of the myope is often a nicer place—faces lack wrinkles, and trees seem to be painted by Monet. Then, during a visit to Moscow, a black spot appears.
It begins as a dull ache, then the skull becomes hot and brittle, then the neck stiffens—and then there's no escaping a migraine. A search for relief, temporary or otherwise.


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I'm doing a chocolate mint stout, recipe says "4 ounces crushed fresh mint leaves in secondary".
Any advice on how to do this?
I guess my first instinct is to put the leaves in 150 degree water for 10 minutes to pasteurize them (is that right?), then dump the leaves and water into the secondary. Actually, I might put the leaves inside a hops bag to make them easy to get out later.
Does that sound right?
Also, I have never used a secondary before and am toying around with just doing it in the primary after fermentation has stopped. Is there any reason not to do that?
I'm not real familiar with mint leaves, but a tea might be a good way to go as long as no strange flavors come out due to the heat. Either that or you can just drop the leaves in. The alcohol and hops should take care of anything on the mint.
As for primary vs secondary, as long as you wait for most of fermentation to complete, no it doesn't make a difference
The only thing that I might be concerned about would be any oils from the leaves. Although I think that would be minimal.
I assume concerned about oils and head retention. I doubt it would be enough to worry about. I'd soak the leaves in some Vodka or Everclear and then add the mix to the secondary. I'd be afraid if you boiled it you'd lose too much aroma.
Just adding them will work fine. If you heat them in any way, you lose much of the aroma. If you are really concerned about contamination, the vodka soak is the way to go.
Remember one unassailable statistic, as explained by the late, great George Carlin: "Just think of how stupid the average person is, and then realize half of them are even stupider!"
"I would like to die on Mars, just not on impact." Elon Musk
This reminds me that I picked up a Chocolate Stout the other day and I should try some of my mint that has been soaking in vodka for about 2 weeks. I'll let you know how it goes. If you don't hear from me, PM me. I probably forgot to report back.
Question to those who say it will be fine just add the mint in directly without some sort of sanitization process: how do you know what is safe to do this with and what is not? If the alcohol and hops will kill bacteria, why do we even bother sanitizing bottles, racking equipment, etc?
What about using mint extract?
They who drink beer will think beer.
- Washington Irving


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As I write this editorial, we're planning a memorial service for my mother-in-law, a kind and gracious woman who passed from this life at home with her daughter at her side. Although her body failed her and she endured the full gamut of the healthcare system, her mind remained sharp and her spirit strong for all of her 85 years. She always served as a wonderful role model to me. But as we gently sorted through the treasures she left behind, I gained even more valuable insights about living. Perhaps they'll resonate with you in your personal and professional life.
With a bachelor's degree in history, Mom Jones was the consummate historian. She kept detailed notes about the family genealogy dating back to the 1600s. Pictures were carefully annotated with names, dates, and significant events. A box held news clippings, family trees, and an ancient family bible, along with fascinating anecdotes neatly preserved for future generations. She researched facts, even visiting cemeteries to confirm dates of birth and death. Her work immortalized many individuals whose lives might have been otherwise forgotten amid the frenzied pace of today's world.
Her efforts revealed to me the value of savoring the past as a legacy for the future. Going through the box brought the family together in a way that allowed us to celebrate our family heritage. In fact, those moments helped to heal grief and strengthen family ties. Her work reminded me of the need to spend quality time talking to loved ones about their life experiences and really listening to their stories. Recorded, they're a gift to future generations.
Another insight involves discovering the uniqueness of each individual while we still can. We might think we know a person, but there's probably more that just might surface with the right conversation. Finding a picture of my conservative father in a grass skirt doing a native dance while he was stationed in New Guinea during World War II comes to mind. So does finding evidence of Mom Jones' early artistic talent for drawing and painting. Unfortunately, I never learned of these experiences and talents during their lives. What conversations we could've had!!
Though it's often tough given life's demands, we'd benefit from periodically tuning out our present world with all of its distractions, at least for a short time, and reaching into the past. It's a means of better appreciating today and grounding us for the future. Rest in peace, Mom.
Until next time-
Linda Laskowski-Jones, MS, RN, ACNS-BC, CEN, FAWM
Editor-in-Chief, Nursing2010 Vice President, Emergency, Trauma, and Aeromedical Services Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, Del.
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Hi there~ I feel like I am a little late to the Winter Décor theme going on over at Pinterest. I am kind of excited that winter decor in January and February is becoming it's on recognized season. It makes taking down the holiday decorations less of a let down and more like, "let's bring [Read more…]
Paper Bag Décor : 2 Minute Tuesday
Have you ever had a paper bag that was too pretty or fun to throw away? Well, on a recent trip to Park City {Utah}, I found this fun shop called "Root'd." I bought a wedding gift and the shop owner put the gift in this brown paper bag. The fact that this paper bag remained intact on [Read more…]
Eraser Solution for Thumbtacks : 2 Minute Tuesday
Here's this week's 2 Minute Tuesday idea! Yes, it's Wednesday! We were out of town for the holiday weekend and I was catching up on laundry! Living the dream in my laundry room! A few weeks or was it a few days ago, I posted a photo of my junk drawer. Anyone else have a junk drawer [Read more…]
DIY Dog Treat Puzzle Idea
It's freezing in Denver this week and my dogs are going crazy being stuck inside most of the day! Their early morning walks are pretty short this time of year! To fight off the boredom and subsequent antics I searched online for dog treat puzzles and found this one on Pinterest. I purchased a treat [Read more…]
Trader Joe's Kitchen Cloths
Hi everyone- I am in love with Trader Joe's. Finding new favorites each week is the gift that keeps on giving! The staff are incredibly happy and helpful. Trader Joe's, small layout and quality TJ brands, proves "more is less." Here is what I am crushing on this week: Reusable, washable and fewer paper towels. I used these [Read more…]
Berries and Grapevines Hide the Dust
I love the holidays and all the lights and décor. But, I must say one of the reasons I love the lights and the boughs of holly is because it hides the dust. There I said it. On some days the magic in the day is disguising the dust bunnies! Here's a peek into a [Read more…]
Upcycle Tree Branches
Hi There- Here's a quick upcycled wreath I made using tree trunks and branches from a neighbor who recently trimmed his trees. I asked if I could take some before it was hauled away. He couldn't load my car fast enough. And, then the branches sat in my garage for a year! I up-cycled a broken frame, added [Read more…]
What happens to a caramel apple after a glass of wine…
Never a good idea to mix wine while cooking. Let's call it a general rule of thumb or in this case a general rule of a cork! With the boys {all of them} away for the weekend I wanted to make caramel apples for their return. And in full disclosure I did not drink 2 [Read more…]
2 Minute Tips on Tuesday {even though it's Wednesday}
The story of my life is written in my calendar and to-do list. Some days the only item I cross off my list is "shower." Organizational experts suggest breaking down tasks into smaller ones. The idea being that if you {meaning myself} can break it down, an individual {me} will obviously not feel so overwhelmed. Okay, [Read more…]
Repurpose a Lantern to Organize
Somewhere in the year 2010 I decided I could not have enough lanterns. I snagged them on clearance aisles, HomeGoods. If I found a lantern I had to have it! It came to a head this spring when I would spend hours minutes re-arranging lanterns. My family was getting a little worried. So I used [Read more…]
Vintage Tool Box to Bar Ware
Hi There! Hope you are having a great weekend! Two years ago this tool box was buried in the garage and filled with miscellaneous bolts and screws! To truly see the transformation of my husband's vintage tool box check out the original makeover I did on it a few years back HERE. I love the idea of [Read more…]
Milk Can Transformation
I found this milk can at a yard sale a few years ago. I dragged it home where my {first} husband expressed concern that I might be exhibiting signs of hoarder-ness. He likes new! He doesn't like the idea of someone else's stuff taking up space in our home. So I did what I do [Read more…]
My son's blankie.. emergency surgery for this 12 year old blankie!
All three of my children, who are in double digits now, have their childhood blankies…. in their beds. My daughter, who is studying abroad, made sure to pack her blankie in her suitcase. It made me smile. Her blankie was a gift from her great aunt. My sons' Gymoboree blankies were gifts from my girlfriends. [Read more…]


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My senior thesis began with the aim of exploring the divide between the University of Notre Dame's campus and the City of South Bend. The communities exist in geographic proximity, but there is little interaction between the two, particularly on behalf of the student body.
To gain deeper understanding of the context, I collected narratives from faculty, students, staff, community organizers, artists and entrepreneurs—individuals who call this city home. These conversations exposed aspects of the division that illustrate much broader chasms—of class, wealth, access to public space and sense of belonging. Revealed to me were parallel realities—on one side, a lack of awareness and fundamental misunderstanding of the city by students. On the other, the energy and imaginings of individuals actively working, creating, and investing in South Bend.
With greater appreciation for the situation's complexities, I developed Get Off SB—a multi-media campaign—which seeks to address the sense of disconnect between the City of South Bend and the area's colleges and universities by generating design to facilitate interaction across communities, reframe perceptions, and promote engagement.
At its core, Get Off SB holds the belief that change is possible despite economic obstacles or institutional inertia and that change happens when people share meaningful experiences in rich contexts. Too often, the discussion concerns what South Bend is not—and while those conversations are necessary—it is equally imperative to recognize what South Bend is. This is your invitation to celebrate this place. This moment. These people. Only here. Only now.
Get Off with us.
Friday, March 20 at the Birdsell Mansion.
Event information (https://www.facebook.com/events/924872164244990/)
Tickets (http://www.eventbrite.com/e/get-off-tickets-16058478341)
–Colleen Hancuch is a visual communication design BFA at the University of Notre Dame. She is originally from Chicago, but has had the pleasure of spending the last four years in South Bend. Content will continue to be added to getoffSB.com until April 10. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com if you are interested in being interviewed about your work and relationship with the city–


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|Sq ft
|2 beds
|2.5 Ba
Price reflects incredible $400.00/month Spring Incentive.
Utilities (gas, electric, water/sewer and trash) are all included!
This luxurious residence offers two spacious bedrooms, a gourmet kitchen, and an open living/dining room. A large and spacious master suite leads out to a great outdoor area. This beautiful suite also offers a den/rec. room A stunning five piece master bath will also provide a haven for relaxation.
Community features include a rooftop infinity edge pool, a state-of-the-art fitness center and unparalleled concierge services.
Watermark was planned and crafted to account for the smallest detail. Designed by world renowned architect, Curtis W. Fentress, Watermark offers the finest in luxury living. This pristine downtown community overlooks the historic Baker Neighborhood with unobstructed panoramas to the Rocky Mountains.
Watermark is located near the emerging stretch of South Broadway with its chic restaurants, boutiques and shops. Minutes from everywher ...(show more)
Must sign a 13 month lease by April 15,2010 and move in by May 1, 2010 to get incentive.
|School Level
|Primary School
|Moore K-8 School
|Primary School
|Fairmont K-8 School
|Middle School
|Grant Middle School
|Middle School
|High School
|West High School
|This listing is priced
|Zip Code
|33% less than
|80204 Apartments for Rent
|9% more than
|Baker Apartments for Rent
|23% more than
|Apartments for Rent in Denver
|City Condos
|23% more than
|Condos for Rent in Denver
|13% more than
|Denver County Apartments for Rent
|50% more than
|CO Apartments for Rent
|Primary School
|25% less than
|Apartments for Rent near Moore K-8 School
|Middle School
|18% more than
|Apartments for Rent near Grant Middle School
|High School
|32% less than
|Apartments for Rent near West High School
|Unified School District
|15% more than
|Apartments for Rent near Denver 1


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Navios Maritime Acquisition Corp. to acquire 5 MR2 Product Tankers wth options for two more.
The company which owns and operates tanker vessels, announce that it agreed to acquire five MR2 product tankers for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $143.8 million.
• Two of the vessels are 2007-built MR2 product tankers of about 51,000 dwt each with expected delivery in June 2013. The purchase price for each vessel is approximately $23.2 million.
• One of the vessels is a newbuilding MR2 Eco Type product tanker of 50,000 dwt for approximately $34.3 million. The vessel is expected to be delivered in Q3 2013.
• Two of the vessels are newbuilding MR2 Eco Type product tankers of 51,200 dwt each, with estimated deliveries in Q3 and Q4 2014, respectively. The purchase price for each vessel is approximately $31.5 million. Navios Acquisition has been granted the option to acquire two additional MR2 Eco Type product tankers.
Navios Acquisition is expected to finance the acquisitions with cash on its balance sheet and 60% bank debt consistent with its existing credit facilities.
Angeliki Frangou, Chairman and CEO, commented, "We have been able to put the net proceeds of our recent equity raising to good work, by acquiring vessels that were available at favorable prices. We anticipate chartering these vessels out shortly and will update investors once we secure charters that we find attractive in the current market."
Following the acquisition of the above vessels, Navios Acquisition has contracted 86.1% and 50.4% of its available days on a charter-out basis for 2013 and 2014, respectively.
The average charter-out period of Navios Acquisition's fleet is 2.8 years.
Trade unions Unite and GMB said members working offshore in Britain's North Sea oil and gas industry had shown overwhelming support for industrial action in a consultative
URAG has taken delivery of two ASD 2411 Tugs to add to its existing fleet. Named Brake and Perfect, the new vessels have joined their sister ship Prompt in the
Ocean Safety has introduced a new range of workwear lifejackets.
The new Kru Workwear range completes Ocean Safety's lifejacket offering, providing a wide choice
Dorian LPG Ltd. today announced the commencement of operations of Helios LPG Pool LLC on April 1st, 2015. Helios LPG is jointly run by Dorian LPG and Phoenix Tankers Pte.
Stolt-Nielsen Limited announced the placement of senior unsecured bonds in a total amount of NOK 1,100 million in a new five-year bond issue carrying a coupon of 3M NIBOR plus 4.
The 16 MW Icebreaker for the Russian Ministry of Transport was launched at Arctech Helsinki Shipyard on March 25th, 2015. Before floating the vessel, she was
Yatching Malta Ltd (YML) - a new public private partnership (PPP) between the government and the Royal Malta Yacht Club (RMYC) was formed with the aim of putting Malta on "the global yachting map".
The Shanghai-and-Hong Kong-listed flagship unit of China Ocean Shipping Group, China Cosco Holdings Co Ltd says that its 2014 net profit went up 54 percent y/y at 362.
Dutch-based Damen Shipyards Group has become the latest member of the World Ocean Council (WOC).
The global shipbuilder headquartered in the Netherlands is


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3 Pooks Hill Road
Bethesda, Maryland, 20814
Commute to Downtown North Bethesda
Some errands can be accomplished on foot.
A few nearby public transportation options.
Score Details
3 Pooks Hill Road has a Walk Score of 52 out of 100. This location is Somewhat Walkable so some errands can be accomplished on foot.
This location is in Bethesda. Nearby parks include Fleming Park, Elmhirst Park and playground and Bethesda parkwood playground.
Nearby schools include Lycee Rochambeau, Lycee Rochambeau French Intl School and St Jane De Chantal School.
The closest grocery stores are Promenade Market & Deli, EMC At Meridian Inc and Grosvenor Market.
Nearby coffee shops include Au Bon Pain, Au Bon Pain Cafe and The Coffee Place. Nearby restaurants include Agio, Bethesda Marriott and Cafe Promenade.
3 Pooks Hill Road is near Ayrlawn Park, Greenwich Park and North Chevy Chase Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 3 Pooks Hill Road.
3 Pooks Hill Road has some transit which means a few nearby public transportation options. Car sharing is available from RelayRides and Zipcar.
Rail lines:
Red Metrorail Red Line
1.0 mi
Bus lines:
30 Bethesda-Medical Center
0.0 mi
46 Mont.College-Rockv-Medical Center
0.2 mi
70 Germantown-Bethesda EXPRESS
0.3 mi
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View all Bethesda apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include hardwood floor, furnished and fireplace.
This location is in the city of Bethesda, MD. Bethesda has an average Walk Score of 47 and has 60,858 residents.


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Unique Luxury Limos is one of the limousine companies that offer free WiFi upon request. They provide airport, wedding, business charter and other transportation services.
5/5 stars 1 review · 7 credentials
In need of airport limousine services? Cordiality Transportation Corp. offers SUV, town car, van and stretch limo services with licensed professional chauffeurs for all your transportation needs.
5/5 stars 1 review · 6 credentials
Get your own proficient limo driver when you choose this company. They provide limo party bus rentals and also have other vehicles for your luxury transportation needs.
3 credentials
Ron Pilmer provides vans, limo and car services around the area. He provides local pickups as well as to and from airports. He is duly registered and has official permits to provide limousine rental.
3 credentials
This company does limousine jobs for weddings, birthday parties, sweet 16s, proms, graduations, and other events. They have limousines that fit any party size that you might have.
4 credentials
If you want an affordable and modern ride where you will be treated with luxury and comfort by friendly and respectful drivers, choose this local limousine company.
2 credentials
Get out in style with Miami Limo. This company provides quality limousine transportation services to meet your needs. They specialize in servicing corporate functions and entertainment travelers.
3 credentials
This business provides professional, reliable, and efficient transportation services for airport transfers, tours, and more. They offer luxury cars, taxis, and more.
3 credentials
If you want a local limousines company that focus on customer satisfaction and safety, choose Florian's Classics. They have professional private chauffeurs, who provide personalized services.
3 credentials
PalmBeach Limo offers limousine services that are ideal for the upcoming Super Bowl. They have the best limousines and packages, and they also provide extra features based on your needs. Book now!
1 credential


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When doing centralized logging, e.g. using Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana or Graylog2 you have several options available for your Java application. You can either write your standard application logs and parse those using Logstash, either consumed directly or shipped to another machine using something like logstash-forwarder. Alternatively you can write in a more appropriate format like JSON directly so the ...Read More »
How to Instantly Improve Your Java Logging With 7 Logback Tweaks
The benchmark tests to help you discover how Logback performs under pressure Logging is essential for server-side applications but it comes at a cost. It's surprising to see though how much impact small changes and configuration tweaks can have on an app's logging throughput. In this post we will benchmark Logback's performance in terms of log entries per minute. We'll ...Read More »
SiftingAppender: logging different threads to different log files
One novel feature of Logback is SiftingAppender (JavaDoc). In short it's a proxy appender that creates one child appender per each unique value of a given runtime property. Typically this property is taken from MDC. Here is an example based on the official documentation linked above: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration> <appender name="SIFT" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.sift.SiftingAppender"> ...Read More »
Forcing Tomcat to log through SLF4J/Logback
So you have your executable web application in JAR with bundled Tomcat (make sure to read that one first). However there are these annoying Tomcat logs at the beginning, independent from our application logs and not customizable: Nov 24, 2012 11:44:02 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"] Nov 24, 2012 11:44:02 ...Read More »
Logback: Logging revisited
Hi, I am back again with my rant about logging as an inherent part of any application design and development. I am a big fan of strong basics, and in my humble opinion logging is one of those often overlooked but basic critical element of any enterprise grade application. I have written about this before here. This is not really ...Read More »
JUnit, Logback, Maven with Spring 3
In this series we have already learnt to set up a basic Spring MVC application and learnt how to handle forms in Spring MVC. Now it is time to take on some more involved topics. However, before we venture into deeper waters, let's get some basics set up. Unit testing I am no TDD evangelist. There I said it. I ...Read More »
Logback: Application errors notification
Some months ago when I was doing big application refactoring I found really annoying pieces of log4j based code used for logging repeated hundreds of times: if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("Logging some stuff = " + stuff); } I wanted to get rid of isXXXEnabled an thats how I found Logback and ...Read More »
Using slf4j with logback tutorial
In current post I am going to show you how to configure your application to use slf4j and logback as logger solution. The Simple Logging Facade For Java (slf4j) is a simple facade for various logging frameworks, like JDK logging (java.util.logging), log4j, or logback. Even it contains a binding tat will delegate all logger operations to another well known logging ...Read More »
Filter irrelevant stack trace lines in logs
I love stack traces. Not because I love errors, but the moment they occur, stack trace is priceless source of information. For instance in web application the stack trace shows you the complete request processing path, from HTTP socket, through filters, servlets, controllers, services, DAOs, etc. – up to the place, where an error occurred. You can read them as ...Read More »
Configure LogBack Logging with Spring
LogBack is an API for logging created by the same author of Log4j (a newer implementation, it is like a new version), during this article I'm going to show how to integrate it and use it on a Spring project. On this tutorial I assume you are using a simple Spring ROO project which will prepare all the structure of ...Read More »


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You might be thinking The Everything Cookie is similar to a "Kitchen Sink" cookie. You know, the cookies you throw everything into (M & M's, oats, raisins, nuts, etc.)? Think again. Think The Everything Bagel. Think The Everything Bagel without the garlic and onion. Think The Everything Bagel without the garlic and onion and with […]
Nutella-ish Gluten-Free Chocolate Chip Cookie Recipe
Hazelnut-Orange Granola Recipe
Valentine's Day Breakfast Recipe: Chocolate-Banana Hazelnut Waffles {Gluten-Free }
What made living next door to Tanja so special when were were kids? So many things. Let's see, her friendship (of course), the midnight knocks on my window to occasionally sneak out, to do who knows what (mom and dad if you're reading this, it was nothing bad, I promise!), walking to school together everyday, […]
Hazelnut Honey Roasted Apple Recipe
Honey Broiled Angelcot and Prosciutto Spinach Salad
Nutella Truffles
Thanksgiving Recipe: Hazelnut Brown Butter Brussels Sprouts
Brussels sprouts are delicious. Don't try to tell me otherwise! And here, they are covered in a light hazelnut brown butter. You don't really need to hear much more than "brown butter" to want to make this, right? Even if you think turkey, stuffing, cranberries, or Apple-Sweet Potato Soup are the best part of Thanksgiving, […]


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30 Programming Tracks
Get ready for new programming in 2015!
Scientific Sessions now has 30 tracks to assist you in navigating the meeting. These tracks are divided into five categories -- Basic, Clinical, Population, Special Focus, and Frontiers in Science -- allowing you to focus your education in your specialty or expand your knowledge in other areas.


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Welcome to Qasr Al-Farid: The Rock With A Door That Will Rock Your World
0218 Things That Will Give Anyone Who Did Duke Of Edinburgh A Serious Flashback
0316 Things That Will Give 90s Skater Kids A Serious Flashback
04This 10 Year Old Kid Just Nailed A Dub Cork 1080... On His Second Attempt
05The 10 Most Spectacular Road Trips on Earth
06Water Slides, Plane Wings and Danny MacAskill: This is Road Cycling Like Never Before...
0724 Reasons Why Snowboarding Was Better In The Early Noughties
08Could Scientists Be About to Build a Terminator? They're Closer Than You Think…
09Win a Holiday for 2 in Chamonix with Three #holidayspam
1017 Holiday Beer Photos That Every Skier Takes to Make Their Friends Jealous
Maverix Summer Camp Teaser - Les Deux Alpes
A Snowboarding video by onboard - 7,495 views
Summer will never be the same again once you have experienced the complete Maverix Summer Camp package. The team will deliver top end coaching on one of the best glacier snow parks in Europe, and then make sure your off hill activties will beat any winter holiday, hands down.
Featured riders: James Streater, Ross Needham, Lewis Sonvico, Wojtek Pawlusiak
Filmed & Edited By Will Nangle
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