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World Cafe
Charles Bradley On World Cafe
Originally published on Fri October 4, 2013 10:02 am
By David Dye
Soul man Charles Bradley knew he could sing — former band members and friends always told him that. But he just never got the shot, shuttling from one odd job to another. Into his 50s, Bradley was living with his mother in New York and performing as a James Brown interpreter under the name "Black Velvet." When Daptone Records co-founder Gabriel Roth saw him perform, this soul man finally got his shot at fame.
At 62, his 2011 debut album No Time For Dreaming was a breakthrough. On this installment of World Cafe, hear songs from Bradley's latest album, Victim Of Love, released in April.
Copyright 2013 WXPN-FM. To see more, visit http://www.xpn.org/.

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Crispy breaded chicken cutlets smothered with cheese and sauce really hits the spot when you're craving Italian fare. My version is lightly cooked in olive oil instead of deep fried. The part-skim mozzarella shaves off quite a few calories and fat, making this chicken parm much healthier than the traditional version.
Healthy Recipes: Chicken
In this section of the site, you can find all of the Skinny Chef chicken recipes. Typically, there are several pages with recipes - so scroll down and use the paged navigation.... or search for the recipe by title:


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Remember the Name {F-777 mix}
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- 06/10/2007
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Rated 5 / 5 stars
Good job It made my day
Very good loop of Remembe the Name i like it alot. I made my own mix as well but dont bother to post of of my music pieces to negrounds.(im too lazy to do so) Anyways great job and continue with the excellent work, stop listening to it lol
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Hey if want to know what it's called
Song Title: Remember the Name
Artist: Fort Minor
Album: The Rising Tied
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Good song ;)
it is slow but i like that :p
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I like the remix you did on this song! definitely downloading!
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As someone mentioned earlier, the original was called Remember the Name by Fort Minor. 1 man band of Mike Shinoda, a singer from Linkin Park.
Good song, but too short. Keep up the good work man.
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Theres no "remember the name" remixes on newgrounds so its very cool to listen to no matter the length or the quality. Fort Minor if someone else didn't say that already is the band.


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220 pages, 11.4 inches x 11.6 inches x 1.4 inches; Written by Jianguo Sui, Wu Hung, and Hung Liu and published by Timezone 8; Bilingual edition (February 28, 2011)
Hung Liu: Great Granary is the story of one of China's pioneering women artists, whose groundbreaking 1981 mural "Music of the Great Earth" (at Beijing's Central Academy of Fine Art) is revered by a generation of Chinese artists, including Xu Bing, Sui Jianguo, Liu Xiaodong, Yu Hong, Wei Lin and Li Songsong, all of whom contribute to this celebratory monograph.
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Opportunity recognition in rural entrepreneurship in developing countries.
The Rural Poverty Report 2001 stressed the need to develop poverty-reduction policies and programs with a primary emphasize on rural areas. This paper promotes rural entrepreneurship development as an effective strategy in alleviating rural poverty in developing countries and summarizes some policy options that would be helpful in implementing rural entrepreneurship. We focus specifically on opportunity recognition, a key element in the entrepreneurial process, and introduce a model that emphasizes intellectual, human, environmental and socio-cultural resources and the mediating effect of national framework conditions. Since the concepts behind the model tend to be applicable across all settings, it is important to study this model at the general level and then draw implications for the other countries. By studying what influences recognizing opportunities in rural areas, it may be easier to offer assistance to developing countries.
According to the 2001 Rural Poverty Report (RPV), 75% of the world's poor live and work in rural areas, and the majority will remain so for several decades (IFAD Rural Poverty Report, 2001; IFAD 2002). The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) stressed the need for developing poverty-reduction policies and programs with a primary emphasize on rural areas (IFAD Rural Poverty Report, 2001). Rural areas in developing countries are experiencing poverty and depopulation, are geographically more isolated, require infrastructure and subsidies, and have a lack of structural and institutional factors (IFAD Rural Poverty Report, 2001). Various social, economic, political and ecological problems in rural areas in developing countries create challenges in employment and cause increasing migration towards cities, decreasing agricultural production and increasing food shortage. A sustainable reduction in rural poverty necessitates the adaptation of further research and programs that help promote economic growth and development. Prior research indicates positive strong relationships among entrepreneurial activity, economic growth and poverty reduction (UN ICD Task Force, 2002).
Entrepreneurship is a vital component of productivity and growth (Baumol, 1993). The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines entrepreneurs as "essential agents of change who accelerate the generation, application and spread of innovative ideas and in doing so ... not only ensure efficient use of resources, but also expand the boundaries of economic activities" (Reynolds, Hay & Camp, 1999, p.10). The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) reported a strong positive correlation between the level of economic activity and overall economic performance (Zacharakis, Reynolds & Bygrave, 1999). GEM reported that as firm startup rates increased, growth in national GDP and the employment rate increased (Zacharakis, et al, 1999). Therefore, acting as market innovators, entrepreneurs play critical roles in economic development (Schumpeter, 1934).
To date there are some high-level initiatives and projects underway in supporting entrepreneurial activity in developing countries (IFAD Rural Poverty Report, 2001; UN ICD Task Force, 2002). Although these efforts to foster entrepreneurial development were recorded effective in creating employment, many developing countries are still unable to provide an environment conducive to entrepreneurship (UN ICD Task Force, 2002). This is due to a number of barriers (e.g., the lack of economic, social and community development) that hinder entrepreneurial talent in rural areas (Petrin, 1994).
Rural entrepreneurship occurs in economically and socially depressed areas with inadequate infrastructure, economic stagnation, low levels of education, low skilled workers, low income, and a culture not supportive of entrepreneurship (Kulawczuk, 1998). Fostering entrepreneurship is a crucial factor in energizing the rural economy (Petrin & Gannon, 1997) in impoverished rural regions because entrepreneurship creates wealth and employment and has a profound impact on the quality of livelihood of rural populations (FAO Corporate Document Repository). If entrepreneurship is an important factor in reducing rural poverty, then it is rational to focus on the essential elements of entrepreneurship.
Opportunity recognition is a critical issue and a key element in entrepreneurship (Shane & Venkatraman, 2000). Yet a review of the prior research indicates that to date, opportunity recognition in rural entrepreneurship in developing countries is the most understudied topic in entrepreneurship research. Therefore it seems useful and timely to further study opportunity recognition in rural entrepreneurship in developing countries.
Based on prior empirical research and theories on opportunity recognition, we introduce a conceptual model that relates certain resources to opportunity recognition in rural areas: intellectual and human resources such as education, knowledge and training; environmental resources such as developing partnerships and access to cooperative rural development centers; and socio-cultural dimensions such as socio-cultural infrastructure. The model also suggests that effects of these variables on opportunity recognition in rural areas will be partially mediated by the national entrepreneurial framework conditions (the availability of financial resources, and the legal and regulatory infrastructure). Since the concepts behind the framework tend to be applicable across all settings it is important to study this model at the general level, and then we are able to draw implications for other countries. Empirical tests are necessary in order to fully support the theoretical underpinnings in this paper; however, we think that by studying what influences individuals' abilities to recognize opportunities in rural areas, this paper may provide helpful insights into future entrepreneurship research and programs on the development of effective strategies in the improvement of self-sustained rural communities in developing countries.
Opportunity recognition is one of the most fundamental issues in entrepreneurship research (Kirzner, 1979; Venkatraman, 1997; Shane & Venkatraman, 2000). Most prior empirical research stems from evolutionary economics and takes two differing perspectives. One focuses on an active search for information in the external environment and the other emphasizes the role of individual alertness in discovering opportunities. Search for information view stresses that opportunities are not an accidental event, but an active search for information leading to the discovery of opportunities (Schumpeter, 1942). In other words, opportunities exist out there in the environment (Stevenson & Gumpert, 1985) and scanning the external environment for information leads to entrepreneurial opportunities (Kaish & Gilad, 1991). An entrepreneur focuses on the environment and develops an innovative process and brings innovations to the market through new products, production or organizational methods, markets, sources of input or market structures (Schumpeter, 1942). Therefore, an entrepreneurial opportunity is determined by the environment (McMullan & Long, 1990) and entrepreneurs identify opportunities by using different types of information about the environment where available (Busenitz & Barney, 1996).
The other theory, the Austrian School of thought, regards opportunity recognition as the essence of entrepreneurial activity and suggests that in a competitive market knowledge is unevenly dispersed and only the individuals who possess specific information can judge its importance (Hayek, 1945; Kirzner, 1973). Therefore, certain individuals who are good at searching for resources are better at recognizing opportunities for viable new ventures (Timmons, 1999).
Prior studies suggested that opportunity recognition is a joint function of an individual and the external environment (Singh, 2000). Entrepreneurs' interactions with the environment shape the evolution of ideas (Vesper, 1990; De Koning, 1999; Shane & Ventakaraman; 2000; Baron, 2003). Therefore opportunity recognition is a process influenced by many contextual factors in the external environment (Gaglio & Taub, 1992; Singh, 1998), changes in the industry structure (Kuratko & Welsch, 2001), most importantly the availability of resources (Timmons, 1994) and the creative attributes of an individual (Hills et al., 1999), such as cognitive skills (Baron, 1998; De Koning, 1999); and prior knowledge of a particular field (Shane, 2000).
Based on prior empirical research and theories, combining the role of an individual and the external environment in the recognition of opportunities, we propose a conceptual model for opportunity recognition in rural entrepreneurship in developing countries. The model suggests that intellectual and human capital (education and knowledge and training programs) and environmental conditions (access to partnerships and cooperative rural development centers) play a key role in recognizing opportunities for viable new ventures in rural regions. We propose that the extent to which the entrepreneur is exposed to these variables is positively related to the likelihood of discovering entrepreneurial opportunities in rural regions. The model also suggests that effects of these variables on opportunity recognition in rural areas will be partially mediated by the national entrepreneurial framework conditions (i.e., the availability of financial resources for new firms in rural areas and physical, legal and regulatory infrastructure development).
Intellectual and human capital involves the knowledge, education and training of the entrepreneur.
The role of education is central in identifying, assimilating and absorbing new knowledge (Knudsen, Dalum, & Villumsen, 2001). Formal education may provide prior mental programming which is positively correlated with venture start-up success (Vesper, 1990). Knowledge and experience play an important role in identifying opportunities. (Cohen & Levinthal, 1990; Shepherd & DeTienne, 2001). To identify an idea and recognize an opportunity in a specific field, one must be knowledgeable about the domain and have a solid understanding of the knowledge base.
Improving education is a critical issue in achieving sustainable rural development. The quality of education and access to education are much lower in the rural regions. For instance, FAO/UNESCO (2002) reported that education and training is the most critical factor in the rural development strategies in developing countries in Asia. Promoting education is essential in the development of human capacity and improving community building in rural areas. Education improves not only individual incomes and wages but also participation in the labor market and economy (Sphor, 2002). The low educational rural profile is one of the main contributors to the growing rate of economic and social differences and the disparity of income between urban and rural regions. Education helps increase the quality of human capital that is an essential part of an entrepreneurial society (Florida, 2002). Investment in skilled people and human capital development (Malecki, 1997) and training the local community to participate in entrepreneurial activities are a crucial part of rural development (Petrin & Gannon, 1997). Empowering and informing people through education increases the level and quality of human capital and also increases the quality of workforce development (Petrin & Gannon, 1997). Educating rural residents who catalyze local resources to establish ventures in the rural areas improves the livelihood of the rural poor.
Since education is important in rural development and entrepreneurship, we suggest that educating the rural community about basics of entrepreneurship and guiding them through providing their own sources of revenue can help increase opportunity recognition in rural areas. This leads to Proposition #1: The greater the extent to which rural entrepreneurs are educated in the entrepreneurial process, the more likely they will be to discover opportunities for new ventures in rural areas in developing countries.
Training programs and previous learning create knowledge and shape individuals' mental frameworks, which then influence their perceptions of the external world (Baron, 2003). Prior knowledge plays an important role in recognizing opportunities (Shane, 2000), and individuals with a background in a certain industry may recognize more entrepreneurial opportunities in that industry than those who have less background in the industry. Knowledge, information, and skills obtained from prior training in a certain industry could create a knowledge corridor and help individuals identify opportunities relevant to their knowledge (Hayek, 1945; Shane, 2000).
The availability of training programs that support aspiring and practicing entrepreneurs not only provides skills and knowledge, but also encouragement towards creating new ventures (Zacharakis, et. al, 1999). In low income countries access to such training programs are more limited and volatile than that of the developed economies because of the lack of considerable on-going investment. In fact, increasing government initiatives on such training programs in rural areas will play an important role in increasing the prevalence rates of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurial programs are a source of creativity, innovation and new knowledge (Zacharakis, et. al, 1999) that are closely linked to the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process. Entrepreneurial education programs stimulate entrepreneurial activities (Hatten & Ruhland, 1995) and encourage the development of entrepreneurial ideas and mind set.
Training programs that involve rural entrepreneurship development may target either agricultural or nonagricultural sectors in the rural areas. Agriculture is the largest segment of the private sector and the major source of livelihood in most developing countries (CIDA). For instance, 43% of the total population of Romania lives in rural areas, and 40% of the total population are employed in the agricultural sector (Aligicia, Leeson, & Coyne, 2003). To understand the importance of these percentages, one must remember that the agricultural sector accounts for 27.3% of the foreign exchange of a developing country, and 34% of the least developed country (Priyadarshi, 2002). Furthermore, the variety of developmental problems in rural areas creates low efficiency, unemployment and decreases in agricultural production (UNDP, 2003). For instance, in Bulgaria the agricultural output from rural areas diminished from 18.8% in 1998 to 12.5% in 2002 (UNDP, 2003). The continued increase in population will also increase the need for food in developing countries. Therefore, even an incremental improvement in agricultural employment and agricultural productivity will raise the socio-economic conditions of the rural residents in a developing country (Priyadarshi, 2002).
The training in agricultural sectors may target the application of suitable agricultural technologies and methods (Lohmoller, 1990). Hence, training farmers on various production strategies and agricultural techniques promotes the development of agricultural products and their processing and may lead more entrepreneurs to recognize opportunities in rural regions (Lohmoller, 1990). Rejuvenating rural regions through agricultural enterprises plays a crucial role in the growth of rural economies.
Training in non-agricultural sectors will also teach rural residents various ways to diversify and develop other business areas and help them to increase their options in entrepreneurship (Petrin, 1997). The availability of technical knowledge or training is an integral part of rural development. Assisting rural people needing training and offering advice to start or develop small businesses will stimulate rural development (Petrin, 1997) and encourage recognizing opportunities for viable new ventures.
Training programs dealing with both the agricultural and nonagricultural sectors will help support the development and sustainability of business ideas and fuel entrepreneurial aspirations. This leads directly to Proposition #2: The greater the extent to which rural entrepreneurs receive training related to agricultural and/or nonagricultural sectors, the more likely they will discover opportunities for new ventures in rural areas in developing countries.
Scanning the external environment for information leads to entrepreneurial opportunities (Kaish & Gilad, 1991; Busenitz & Barney, 1996). As entrepreneurs analyze the environment they may identify innovative services, products or processes to meet the needs of the rural community and identify useful information that leads to recognition of opportunities for viable new ventures in rural areas. In our model, environmental dimensions involve developing partnerships and access to cooperative rural development centers.
Social networking plays an important role in opportunity recognition (Singh, 2000). According to social network theory, entrepreneurs' social ties influence their recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial pursuits. Hills et al. (1997) found that entrepreneurs who used social network sources to get information on new venture ideas identified significantly more opportunities than those who did not use social network sources. Social network contacts allow individuals to gather information from a wide range of individuals, leading them to gather and evaluate many new ideas (Hills et al., 1997). Networks play a key role in linking entrepreneurs with resources and recognition of opportunities (Sexton & Bowman-Upton, 1991). Social networking provides potential entrepreneurs access to critical resources by enlarging the knowledge base that leads them to pursue a set of ideas (Sapienza, Manigart, & Vermeir, 1996; Floyd & Woolridge, 1999).
The development of a rural entrepreneurial support system necessitates creating a supportive environment, or social networking, to flourish in an entrepreneurial climate through building partnerships (RUPRI). Developing partnerships includes the coordinated efforts of central government, local governments, municipalities, academies and non-governmental organizations to help spur the entrepreneurial activity of that region (Kulawczuk, 1998). For instance, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2005) for Turkey's poverty eradication and rural development projects during 2000-2004 included building and sustaining innovative partnerships of the government, civil society, multinational corporations and multilateral organizations. Partnership with institutions, academies and various organizations encourage rural community development and strengthen institutional support structures and well-built relations between the government and the private sector in new enterprise development in rural provinces. Facilitating the growth of strategic development alliances, community partnerships and networking build entrepreneurial capacity in a particular rural area more quickly. For instance, partnerships initiate various projects emphasizing development of businesses and rural communities. These projects help to identify the intrinsic characteristics of the area, and to assess local inefficiencies, capacity building capabilities, potential and possibilities for the region to install the entrepreneurial vision. Developing partnerships increase outreach and economic development and are beneficial to rural communities in adopting new business methods in rural areas and increase the likelihood of recognizing opportunities. This leads to the next proposition, Proposition 3: The extent to which entrepreneurs have access to partnerships, the more likely they are to discover opportunities in rural regions in developing countries.
Rural entrepreneurial development requires improvement of support structures (Petrin &Gannon, 1997) to provide business counseling, assistance, a healthy entrepreneurial environment, and the establishment of an entrepreneurial culture within the community (CRE, 2002). Cooperative rural development centers mentor and assist in the development of new venture concepts; advise on the assessment of new ventures; and provide technical assistance and counseling for small businesses in rural areas. These centers form a mentoring program with other successful entrepreneurs and provide forums for rural entrepreneurs to work with other entrepreneurs to explore new opportunities.
Mentoring relationships play a significant role in entrepreneurial pursuits (Bruyat & Julien, 2001). Mentors provide perspectives that broaden potential entrepreneurs' perception of opportunities (Kuratko & Welsch, 2001). They also provide advice, guidance, knowledge and coaching in managerial and industry specific areas of the business (Boyd & Vozikis, 1994). Therefore, as entrepreneurs receive advice, knowledge and guidance from the cooperative rural development centers and engage in mentoring program through these centers, the likelihood of recognizing opportunities increase. This leads to Proposition 4: The extent to which entrepreneurs receive advice, knowledge and guidance from the cooperative rural development centers is positively related to their discoveries of opportunities in rural regions in developing countries.
Redding (1980) pointed out that while the global entrepreneurial profile shares some universal traits, other traits might be more culture specific. Cultural values may play a role in the extent of entrepreneurial activity in a country (Bygrave & Minniti, 2000). For instance, the strength of the support infrastructure in developed economies may positively impact the public attitude toward entrepreneurship, whereas intractable infrastructure problems and the lack of institutions that support a market economy may negatively impact the public attitude toward entrepreneurship in developing economies. For instance low certainty avoidance and individualistic cultures appear to be more supportive of entrepreneurs than other type of cultures (Mueller & Thomas, 2001). Cultural traits influence the structure of the society (Abetti, 1999) and influence business development. Societies that value entrepreneurship and innovativeness instill effective societal systems promoting opportunity driven entrepreneurship (Vesper, 1983). For example, local banks will develop expertise for entrepreneurial loan applications (Kuratko & Hodgetts, 1992) and be more receptive to risk-taking attitudes and providing credits. In other words, the strength of the socio-cultural infrastructure of the area plays a crucial role in encouraging entrepreneurship, celebrating innovation and facilitating opportunity recognition for new ventures. Innovation is the driving factor of opportunity recognition in entrepreneurship (Drucker, 1985). Some rural areas in developing countries face socio-cultural obstacles, such as fear of failure, negative public attitude toward creativity and innovation, a sense of isolation, resistance to change in a society or a lack of feedback. This poses unique challenges in recognition of opportunities in rural areas and discourages individuals from starting new ventures. This leads to Proposition 5: The strength of the socio-cultural infrastructure is positively related to the discovery of opportunities in rural regions in developing countries.
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Report (1999) revealed that national entrepreneurial framework conditions support entrepreneurial activity in the United States (Zacharakis et al., 1999). The availability of financial resources for new firms and the strength of infrastructure were found to be highly correlated with the level of entrepreneurial activity across countries (Zacharakis et. al., 1999). Including these variables in the model allows us to draw implications for other developing countries since the concepts underlying the model tend to be applicable across all settings.
Promoting rural entrepreneurship requires financial resources such as funds for loans, sizeable investment and technical assistance for micro enterprises (Kulawczuk, 1998). For instance, the credit unions, service cooperatives and communal enterprises all played a major role in improving the access to credit and financing the creation of the support infrastructure for rural entrepreneurial development in the Ukraine between 2001-2005 (ISMEE, 2005). In this paper, the availability of financial resources specifically refers to low interest government loans, credit counseling and technical assistance to rural entrepreneurs in starting new ventures. GEM (1999) stated that financial support may play a role in observing opportunities and creating motivation for individuals to exploit opportunities. Therefore, it is rational to assume that increasing funds and loans for rural regions enables the continuation of production and helps rural residents start and grow their businesses. Business financing encourages and supports rural entrepreneurs and micro-business development, and is valuable in attracting skilled labor in rural areas. This leads to the next proposition, Proposition 6: The greater the extent to which rural entrepreneurs have access to business financing, the more likely they will discover opportunities for new ventures in rural areas in developing countries.
The strength of infrastructure development plays a crucial role in rural entrepreneurship development (FAO documents, 1997). Commercial and professional infrastructure development is highly correlated with the level of entrepreneurial activity across different countries (Zacharakis et al., 1999). In this paper, infrastructure development refers specifically to developing and sustaining appropriate infrastructures in rural areas. Previous research found that if there was a specific need in the community, spending on infrastructure improvements were beneficial in encouraging entrepreneurship (Bruinsma, Nijkamp, & Rietwald, 1992; Van de Ven, 1993). Basic infrastructure development is necessary for any entrepreneurial venture.
Rural regions of developing countries need construction and maintenance of rural infrastructure such as land improvement, improving irrigated areas and the water supply (IFAD Rural Poverty Report, 2001). Low levels of social and physical infrastructure in rural areas (IFAD Rural Poverty Report, 2001) hinder access to credit, input and technology and information about markets, and thereby constrain entrepreneurial development. The World Bank has found that underinvestment in infrastructure created challenges in rural development in Asia (World Bank, 1999). It is not surprising then that in India, investment in rural infrastructure is a priority due to the increasing economic development gap between rural and urban areas (World Bank Group, 2006).
The strength of infrastructure in an area affects capacity building capabilities, reduces socio-economic barriers and increases potential and possibilities for the region (Zacharakis et al., 1999). Therefore, spending on infrastructure development in rural regions leads to a change in the industry structure thus creating a new demand and supply curve for new ideas and resources, which in turn impacts the availability of opportunities. This leads to the next proposition. Proposition 7: The extent to which entrepreneurs have access to rural infrastructure development, the more likely they are to discover opportunities in rural regions in developing countries.
Government policies and programs may play a role in the success rate of new ventures (Zacharakis et al., 1999). Government policies and programs impact the legal and regulatory infrastructure of rural areas and thereby contribute to the prevalence rate of rural entrepreneurial activity. Insufficient funding for the legal and regulatory infrastructure in rural areas may mitigate access to subsidies, initiatives and legal services, and thereby creates barriers in starting new ventures and hinders seizing opportunities in rural regions. In this case, the legal and regulatory infrastructure of a country plays a role in allowing the vicious cycle of poverty to continue. It is this cycle characterized by low levels of income, savings, investment, productivity and capital that elongate the low income nations' state of underdevelopment. Heavy regulations may also distort market information on supply and demand conditions and inhibit entrepreneurial behavior. In some countries obtaining a business license may involve strict regulations and heavy bureaucratic rules. As a result, heavy regulations, such as government bureaucracy, and corporate governance requirements may create confusion and uncertainty and may fail to promote and/or discourage certain individuals from starting a business. A heavy regulated banking sector may hinder access to credit for new venture start-ups or for the seed funding necessary to start a business or for raising investment capital. Therefore, numerous regulations may discourage access to markets, capacity building and decrease the potential of the region, which in turn impacts the availability of opportunities for new ventures in rural areas. Baumol (1993, p.2) argued that "the speed of dissemination of new ideas is not a matter of happenstance, but is heavily influenced by market forces acting through the agency of entrepreneur". We assume that the legal and regulatory infrastructure play an important role in seizing opportunities and the prevalence rate of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas. Therefore Proposition 8: The legal and regulatory infrastructure development impacts the rural entrepreneurial opportunity recognition.
As noted above, GEM (1999) stated that certain dimensions of the national framework have an impact on the level of entrepreneurial activity in a country (Zacharakis et al., 1999). In other words, the level of national framework conditions can facilitate the growth of an entrepreneurial sector in a country. Since basic infrastructure development (Fox, 1999,) availability of financing (Kulawczuk, 1998) and legal infrastructure development all play an important role in starting up an entrepreneurial venture, it is assumed that a country's rate of the development of the national framework conditions may be a dominant link between a variety of other social, intellectual and environmental dimensions and rural opportunity recognition in a country. As each developing country has a different level of national entrepreneurial framework conditions, it is suggested that the impact of intellectual, human, environmental and socio-cultural resources on opportunity recognition is partially mediated by the national entrepreneurial framework conditions. Hence, the following three propositions:
Proposition 9: The effects of intellectual, human, environmental and socio-cultural resources on opportunity recognition in rural areas are partially mediated by the availability of financial resources in a particular country.
Proposition 10: The effects of intellectual, human, environmental and socio-cultural resources on opportunity recognition in rural areas are partially mediated by the physical infrastructure development of a particular country.
Proposition 11: The effects of intellectual, human, environmental and socio-cultural resources on opportunity recognition in rural areas are partially mediated by the legal and regulatory infrastructure development of a particular country.
Initiating rural entrepreneurship is a multidimensional strategy that involves education, training, business/support networks and building strong infrastructures to assist rural entrepreneurs in identifying rural business opportunities and develop new businesses. Strengthening the rural entrepreneurial system will speed up the establishment of self-sustained rural communities, increase sources of income, support development of infrastructure, build capacity, revitalize the rural community, and make a significant impact in alleviating poverty. Therefore, what is needed is further entrepreneurship research in developing countries that help to create policies conducive for rural entrepreneurship development.
The ideas presented in this paper are a step towards future entrepreneurship research in rural areas. We propose further empirical investigation of the conceptual model presented in this paper. Overall, opportunity recognition in rural entrepreneurship is a complex issue and requires more future entrepreneurship research and the development of policy initiatives.
Below we suggest specific key public policy initiatives supporting entrepreneurship and small business development in rural regions. These policies address issues that respond to lack of education and training, increasing subsidies to maintain services, improving community business climates, increasing business support services, creating networking opportunities, providing technical assistance and building adequate infrastructures. These policy options that stimulate and support rural entrepreneurship can be summarized as:
1. Promote rural entrepreneurial structuring mechanisms and an entrepreneurial culture to attract resources for the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas.
2. Create a collaborative approach and integrate partnerships among universities, governmental and nongovernmental organizations to enhance rural entrepreneurial mechanisms.
3. Implement special legislation for local governments to develop entrepreneurship in rural areas.
4. Support education and business training, technical assistance, and strategic planning strategies to increase the level and growth of human capital in the rural regions.
5. Promote the formation of small business development centers to support entrepreneurship in rural areas and lead to rural revitalization.
6. Invest in the construction and renewal of infrastructure systems and provide social amenities to facilitate rural entrepreneurship development.
7. Encourage the development of venture capital investments in rural enterprises to allow venture capital investment companies to leverage private capital funds with government financial assistance and to obtain both government and private grant resources.
8. Form strategic development alliances.
9 Encourage research and increased collaborations between rural and urban areas.
10. Facilitate the identification and dissemination of rural community capacity building resources to speed up implementing cost efficient programs appropriate for that rural region and increase the quality of work to reduce poverty.
11. Develop social investment funds by financing and supporting small business development.
Further, when considering the possible mediating effect of the national entrepreneurial framework conditions between intellectual and human resources and environmental dimensions and opportunity recognition, it maybe helpful to consider business financing issues for the public policy initiatives. Some examples are:
1. Offer incentives to attract initiatives to rural areas
2. Improve tax structures and incentive packages, address tax concessions in certain areas and tax relief for small business owners
3. Address capital financing, access to venture capital, access to debt and equity capital
Prior research on opportunity recognition focused on ventures in urban areas in developed and industrialized countries. The environment of rural regions in developing countries is much different (IFAD Report, p.29) than that of the developed and industrialized countries where infrastructure and skilled workforce are available and the culture is more supportive. Therefore further opportunity recognition studies on rural entrepreneurship in developing countries will be both timely and worthwhile.
Overall, strengthening the rural entrepreneurial system will speed up the establishment of self-sustained rural communities (ARC, 2001) and sustainable livelihoods in poor regions. Investing in the establishment of an entrepreneurial economy and the development of an entrepreneurial culture in rural areas will play a key factor in improving rural regions and alleviating rural poverty in developing countries. The conceptual model presented here is only a step towards understanding opportunity recognition in rural regions. We hope that the ideas suggested here may provide insights for the future entrepreneurship research in promoting rural entrepreneurship and development of public policy initiatives.
Abetti, P.A., Hirvensalo, I., & Kapij, M.I. (2001): Multi-cultural Entrepreneurial Ventures in the former Soviet Union: Case Studies of Finnish and US Approaches in Russia, Ukraine and the Baltics. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. 1(1), 53-72.
Aligicia, P.D., Leeson, P., & Coyne, C. (2003). Extending the Analysis-Romania--Lessons from the investors roadmap: Implementation challenges and an exploratory assessment of the Major Barriers to rural entrepreneurship from a new institutional economic perspective. Forum Series on the role of Institutions in promoting economic growth. Retrieved January 5, 2006, from ht tp://mercatus.org/pdf/ materials/433.pdf
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Boyd, N.G., &Vozikis, G.S. (1994). The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intent ions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63-77.
Bruinsma, F., Nijkamp, P., & Rietwald, P. (1992). Regional economic transformation & social overhead investments. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. 83, 3-12.
Bruyat, C., & Julien, P.A. (2001). Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), 165-180.
Busenitz, L.W., & Barney, J.B. (1997). Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. Journal of Business Venturing, 12, 9-30.
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Floyd, S.W., & Woolridge, B. (1999). Knowledge creation and social networks in corporate entrepreneurship: The renewal of organizational capability. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 21(3), 123-143.
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Petrin, T., & Gannon, A. (1997). Rural development through entrepreneurship. FAO, Rome (Italy). Regional Office for Europe. Retrieved December 15, 2005, fromhttp://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/W6882e/ W6882e00.htm
Priyadarshi, S. (2002). Reforming global trade in agriculture: a developing country perspective. Trade, Environment and development. Retrieved December 15, 2005, from www.ceip.org/files/pdf/TED_2.pdf
Redding, S.G. (1980). Cognition as an aspect of culture and its relation to management processes: An exploratory review of the Chinese case. Journal of Management Studies, 17(2):127-148.
Sapienza, H.J., Manigart, S., & Vermeir, W. (1996). Venture capitalist governance and value-added in four countries. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(6), 436-469.
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Sexton, D.L., & Bowman-Upton, N.B. (1991). Entrepreneurship. Creativity and Growth. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.
Shane, S.A. (2000). Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organization Science, 11(4), 448-469.
Shane, S., & Venkatraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226.
Shepherd, D., and DeTienne, D. (2001). Discovery of Opportunities: Anomalies, Accumulation and Alertness. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 138-148.
Singh, R. (1998). Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition through Social Networks. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago.
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Air Canada Express on final Rwy 34.
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An Air Canada flight arriving from Toronto (CYYZ), pulling into the gate with an American Eagle CRJ doing the same and a Delta 757 using runway 04/22 as a taxiway to runway 12L.
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Storms bear down on Midwest, tornadoes hit multiple states
WICHITA, Kan. (AP) -- Tornadoes were spotted across the Midwest and Plains on Saturday as an outbreak of unusually strong weather struck, and forecasters warned that severe storms could possibly continue in the region the rest of the weekend.
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I read some where on here that Banshee has ok'd drilling the frame to install a stealth
is this true? has anyone done it?
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Faber-Castell Pencils: from 2H to 8B; Mechanical Pen 0,7
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Amazing work! The tone in the skin is stunning, nice transition from dark to light tone. The hair is incredible. Truly remarkable work!May 24th Reply Subscriber
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I love the Khaleesi :) beautiful job!Apr 22nd Reply Scifi-Cyberpunk-Fantasy
Your art is very inspirational to all of us artists and at Shadowness we like to thank our amazing artists for all they do, to show our appreciation for you, your artwork has been featured in todays Daily Inspiration #1139
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Dhoni Now India's Most Successful Test Captain
MS Dhoni's good run continues. In Chennai, he smashed several records en route his 224. In Hyderabad, where India thrashed Australia again, Dhoni notched up his 22nd Test win as captain, one more than Sourav Ganguly.
He's still a long way off from the world record, though. Here's a look at India's most successful Test captains.
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A potential explanation for the high silicon content of the anthrax spores used in the 2001 attacks is that they were grown in a large fermenter using an antifoam agent containing silica. If true, this would make it unlikely that Bruce Ivins acted alone, since he did not have access to a large fermenter.
Most Likely Source of Silicon in Anthrax Attack Spores Argues Against Production by Ivins
|By: Jim White Sunday March 21, 2010 6:56 am
Would Obama Issue First Veto to Protect Anthrax Whitewash?
|By: emptywheel Tuesday March 16, 2010 6:59 am
Bloomberg is reporting that Office of Management and Budget head Peter Orszag has told the intelligence committees Obama will veto the intelligence authorization because–among other reasons–it calls for re-examining the FBI's conspiracy theory-as-investigation summary finding that Bruce Ivins acted alone.
|By: Jim White Saturday February 20, 2010 11:30 am
Friday afternoon, the FBI released a number of documents in closing the case dubbed "Amerithrax". Substantial flaws still remain in the FBI's explanation of the technical analysis on which they concluded that Bruce Ivins was the sole perpetrator of the anthrax attacks of 2001.
FBI's Robert Mueller Still Engaging in an Anthrax Cover-Up
|By: emptywheel Sunday November 1, 2009 5:00 pm
Robert Mueller is still hiding the truth about the anthrax investigation.


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I shot this timelapse in Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires on September 29, 2012 with the help of my friends Lucas Heredia and Rodrigo Gimenez.
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Comfort Inn Airport Admiralty
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Brisbane, QL 4007
Phone: (61) 7 32687899
Fax: (61) 7 32684194
Saint Andrew's Uniting Church
A Romanesque Revival brick church built in 1905, St. Andrews seats over 200 people and, being in the city, has a large congregation of diverse backgrounds. The pipes of the impressive organ are painted white, a stark contrast to the dark silky oak timber pews. Church Elders offer pastoral care; there is a Sanctuary choir, an orchestra and concert choir; and Home Groups, Social Dinners and a Movie Group. A Kids and Youth Group and a Talents program are popular.
Corner of Ann & Creek Streets
Brisbane, QLD 4000
+61 7 3221 2400
Earn valuable points toward free nights.


text: JAB Fest 2013 [PHOTOS] By Blake FM September 29, 2013 9:50 AM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter How about that JAB Fest? Fantastic turnout Saturday, and fantastic performances by the Josh Abbott Band, Wade Bowen, the Dirty River Boys, Uncle Lucius, The Wheeler Brothers, and the Dirty Guv'nahs. Check out the photos here: Filed Under: Josh Abbot Band Category: Concerts, Country, Photos Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of Lonestar 99.5 Recommended For You Around the Web


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Find Robinson industrial buildings for lease, retail rentals, & Robinson shops. Locate a Robinson warehouse lease and any real estate for lease / investment, including industrial properties to rent and sale.
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Yes, Nathan. Facts have a liberal bias. Always have.
I'd suggest people take minute to call into the new "One, a daily radio talk show that will focus on social issues facing the Atlanta region," to ask if GPB will continue to give 6-figure patronage jobs to the Governor's cronies. Sure, Chip Rogers was fired a couple of months ago for violating GPB's policies, but I assume that just means there's a job open for another political payoff since they hired him with no evident qualifications in the first place. That's some hard-hitting investigative local news for you, right there.
I guess you folks all missed the intown and 'urban' Wal-Mart that was built years ago at Howell Mill and I-85. Basically a stacked power center with Wal-Mart underneath and various retail on top.
InAtl, I don't think you'll find anyone who is advocating for TIA who thinks it is a perfect solution or even a great solution, much less any transportation planners at ARC. This was a bastardized solution created by a bunch of craven cowards in the legislature who are scared of the anti-tax nuts and most whom don't give a damn about either mass transit or the metro area for that matter.
The problem is that, however lacking, TIA is the only solution on the table and as Floyd indicates, if we fail to act when given an opportunity, it will be used against the region by those metros against which we compete for business and jobs.
Furthermore, if TIA is rejected, the problem just goes back to the cowards for more inaction. If the metro Atlanta TIA fails in July, then there will be roughly six months for legislators to create from scratch some new transportation funding plan (i.e. tax increase), and more importantly, collectively grow a pair so they can actually pass the damn thing. If it's not done next session, not only does another year of inaction go by (while Dallas, Charlotte and Denver continue to build), but the next session is happening during a re-election year , and with the threat of being primaried by the Teabagger Party, again, no new funding source is created. And then maybe in the next session, something gets done. THREE years later.
Three years gone - tick tock, tick tock. Three years of competitors enhancing their metro transit. Three years where new business development in the region slows or dries up. Three more years where regional employment continues to lag the country. Three more years where home prices stay depressed. And once momentum is lost and a certain national perception sets in, it becomes very hard to restart and reverse that perception.
As for moving towards more density, transit, and walkability intown, that transition has stagnated. The key factor that will drive it forward is more jobs in the urban core. Until more companies relocate or are grown intown, there is little driving suburbanites to make the move or for larger numbers of new grads to relocate here. The unfortunate fact is the Atlanta metro, more than other older cities, suffers from employment sprawl in addition to residential sprawl. Companies are spread all over the region in several mini-centers, from Downtown, Midtown, Buckhead, Cumberland, Perimeter Center, Alpharetta, etc. So if you scare off companies or people from relocating to the region, much less the City of Atlanta, by in essence declaring to the rest of te country "We don't care enough about fixing our transportation problems to even START with a 1% tax to do something (even if not the best thing)" you'll never get more transit-friendly density.
I'm awaiting the afore-mentioned midtown location of Jim 'n Nicks to see if it does maintain what I've had over in Birmingham. Though the subject of pizza seems to be inordinately controversial in Atlanta, I have to give a shout out to Mellow Mushroom despite those who will inevitably decry it as non-traditional.
But you neglected to cover the most important fact we need to know - is he single?
mikey j, I think the current naming mode would make it Backstreet 2.0 - which really would shock the MPSA crowd.


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Poll: How often does sleep deprivation affect your work performance? After voting, sound off in our comments section.
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Ships Free to USA*!
Electric countertop fryer with 16 pounds oil capacity, from Globe Food Equipment. 70-375F thermostat, manual reset. Easy to remove and clean control box and swing-up elements. 2 nickel-plated fry baskets with cool-to-touch, insulated handles. Cooks 25 pounds of fries per hour, frozen to finish. Nesting bar, swing up element and lift-out fry pot. Stainless steel construction with 3-1/2" stainless steel adjustable feet. NSF and cULus listed for commercial use.


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Book your room at Clifton Hotel
Twin Room, 2 Single BedsMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Double RoomMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)
Executive RoomMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Single Room, 1 Single BedMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Executive Single Room, 1 Single BedMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Bristol hotel in Clifton, walk to Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery
Located in Clifton, this hotel is within a 15-minute walk of Victoria Rooms, Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, and University of Bristol. Cabot Tower and Bristol Cathedral are also within 15 minutes.
Hotel Features
A restaurant, a coffee shop/café, and WiFi in public areas are available at this hotel. Other amenities include self parking, coffee/tea in the lobby, and dry cleaning.
Room Amenities
All 59 rooms offer WiFi, room service, and LCD TVs with digital channels. Guests will also find coffee makers, hair dryers, and showers.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Dining options at the hotel include a restaurant and a coffee shop/café. High-speed wireless Internet access is available for a surcharge. This Bristol hotel also offers coffee/tea in the lobby, laundry facilities, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Parking is available onsite for a surcharge.
- Use of nearby fitness center (discount)
- Restaurant
- Total number of rooms - 59
- 24-hour front desk
- Number of floors - 4
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Elevator/lift
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Coffee shop or café
- Luggage storage
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Family Friendly Amenities
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Wireless internet access (4 GBP per 24 hours surcharge)
Available in some public areas: Wireless internet access ( 4 GBP per day )
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Room service (limited hours)
- Coffee/tea maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Shower only
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Digital TV service
Where to Eat
Cooked-to-order breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 7 AM and 10 AM.
Racks Bar and Kitchen - This restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
Caffe Clifton - This café serves breakfast, brunch, and lunch. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Mountain biking nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Pets allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Fee for cooked-to-order breakfast: GBP 5.00 per person (approximately)
- Fee for in-room wireless Internet: GBP 4 (for 24 hours, rates may vary)
- Fee for wireless Internet in public areas: GBP 4 per day (rates may vary)
- Self parking fee: GBP 6.50 per day
- Late check-out fee: GBP 5
- Rollaway bed fee: GBP 15 per night


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Town Square
Manhattan Beach Education Fund Gives MBUSD $5M
Original post made by Envious and Frustrated About Our Community , Birdland, on Jun 20, 2012
Web Link
And...MBUSD's Facebook status:
"In a 5-0 vote last night, our Board of Trustees approved the expansion of the iPad pilot. Next year, each teacher, more elementary students, and each MB Middle School student will have access to an iPad. Thanks to numerous funding sources, including the PTAs and a generous grant from Chevron, this expansion has no fiscal impact on MBUSD's general fund. Details available soon."
Comments (4)
a resident of Amberwood/Wood Meadows
on Jun 20, 2012 at 10:31 pm
Stacey is a registered user.
iPads? You know they are ultimately more expensive than the current textbooks, right?
a resident of Amberwood/Wood Meadows
on Jun 20, 2012 at 10:40 pm
Stacey is a registered user.
But I agree, we just don't have the same kind of education foundations that other communities seem to have figured out.
a resident of Amberwood/Wood Meadows
on Jun 20, 2012 at 10:50 pm
Stacey is a registered user.
MBUSD has an enrollment of 6,645 students from 2010-2011 data! So small!
a resident of Another Pleasanton neighborhood
on Jun 21, 2012 at 11:13 am
Any donations, by my careful mathematical formulations, will only go toward the mounting swell of debt that is created by unionized public school teacher salaries and pensions. I'd donate at least $70 million if I thought it would go to the kids, not the teachers. We're drowning in debt, we're slipping on the porcelien bottom of the bathtub, and the water continues to run. The end is near.
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Public Ivy Schools for 2015--Going By the Virginia Rule
By Elizabeth LaScala | 7 comments | 1,479 views
Another bad idea from the air board
By Tim Hunt | 5 comments | 597 views
Exchange Club Meeting on First Amendment
By Roz Rogoff | 0 comments | 530 views


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Sunday School Parents Discussion
Each Sunday morning during the Sunday School year at 9:30am there will be a round table discussion for parents in the classroom behind Pastor's Study. The group discusses the same theme and Bible verses as the youth do in Sunday School. The group will equip parents to have confident faith conversations with their kids. Please join whenever you can. Led by Catherine Ferguson.


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Here is some mushrooms I have made.
Here is a link that might be useful:
Beautiful mushroom!
Love the little ladybugs! Did you make them???
So cute!
LadyBugs! I love ladybugs!
That is just too cute Nana.
Love it Nana. Did you use cement for mushroom??
OMG They are too darn cute!!!
That's one great mushroom and I too love the lady bugs!
Nana, that is one adorable mushroom, and love those ladybugs!! Gives me ideas on decorating my last three 'rooms!!


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Why are Korean women having surgery to make their under-eye bags BIGGER?
- Aegyo sal means 'eye smiles' or 'cute skin' and is new trend in Korea
- Considered to make face look more attractive and youthful
- Women using make-up, sticky plastic or surgery to make bags 'pop'
- Others resorting to commercial filler and fat grafts
Most of us spend time every morning daubing our faces with eye creams, moisturisers, foundations and powders in effort to minimise the eye bags that scream 'I had five glasses of Malbec and fewer hours of sleep last night' to our colleagues.
But women in Korea are doing everything they can to make their under-eye skin plumper - whether through make-up or by using little sticky strips of tape that make the skin beneath the eye 'pop' out. Some women are even having plastic surgery to achieve the look, while others are resorting to using commercial filler and fat grafts.
The new trend - considered to make you more attractive and youthful-looking - is called 'aegyo sal', translated as 'eye smiles' or 'cute skin', and involves accentuating the fatty deposits beneath eyes rather than drawing attention to the dark circles caused by sleep deprivation.
Eyes that really pop: Weibo provides an online picture tutorial demonstrating how to achieve aegyo sal, the Korean trend for increasing the amount of 'puff' beneath the eye through make-up, sticky tape or plastic surgery
Blogger Patricia Cahiga, who has written a post on blog.myfatpocket.com about how to achieve the look, explains: 'Aegyo sal are not eyebags.
'Eyebags are caused by lack of sleep or if you're unlucky, caused by your genes and makes you look like a sleep deprived zombie or an unadorable panda, but aegyo sal is loosely translated as "cute/beautiful skin".
'Aegyo Sal is the layer of skin under the eyelids that gives your eyes more life and basically makes it look bigger.'
Chinese website Weibo demonstrates how to achieve the look using tiny strips of sticky plastic, and make-up bloggers have posted tutorial videos on YouTube showing how to use make-up alone to make eye puff more pronounced.
Before and after: Blogger Patricia Cahigas demonstrates aegyo sal using make-up alone
Asian Eyelid Surgery is a website run by plastic surgeon Dr Kenneth Kim explaining procedures often carried out on eyes in the Far East. They write: 'Youthful lower eyelid fullness is commonly seen in younger Asian females.
'Essentially, it is a bulge of fat immediately under the lash line that creates puffiness under the lower eyelid.
'Different from eye bags, which can make one appear tired and aged, youthful lower eyelid fullness gives the appearance of youthful, friendlier eyes as it is associated with smiling.
'Anatomically, it is a result of increased hypertrophy of the orbicularis oculi (under eye muscle), which becomes more pronounced when one smiles.
'This is a highly desired feature in Korea and other Asian cultures. Koreans call youthful lower eyelid fullness aegyo-sal; aegyo meaning cute and charming.'
Spot the difference: Korean blogs highlight the difference between eye bags and aegyo sal
Dr Kim continues: 'Youthful lower eyelid fullness procedure can be done in combination with lower eyelid surgery.
'Using the same incision site created for the lower blepharoplasty the surgeon can create youthful lower eyelid fullness by suspending the orbicularis oculi muscle back to its original position before muscle atrophy.'
Another popular method is using Restylane commercial filler or fat grafting, which involves the transferring of one's own fat tissue (usually from the abdomen, thigh, or hip area) to the under-eye to create more volume.
Even the men are at it: As bloggers point out, it isn't just women in Korea who are falling for the charms of the puffed-eye look
South Korean girls' obsession with double eyelid surgery as they strive to look like 'pretty western celebrities'
South Korean women have become so
immersed in western celebrity culture that double eyelid surgery, which
creates the Caucasian crease many Asian women don't naturally have, has
become as common as going to the dentist, MailOnline reported in November,
Overtaking Brazil as the plastic surgery capital of the world, South Korea now has the highest number of surgeries performed per capita.
Going behind the scenes of Seoul Fashion Week for VICE's online series Fashion Week Internationale, host Charlet Duboc uncovers their quest for a stereotypical vision of a western face.
Scroll down for video
New norm: Double eyelid surgery in South Korea has become as common as going to the dentist
Miss Duboc asks a young K-pop singer from the band D-Unit why one in five women have undergone some sort of
cosmetic procedure in South Korea, which have become popular graduation
gifts from students' parents.
'Because of their distinctive looks, our ideal appearance would be that of westerners,' the singer said. 'Big round eyes, straight nose, round face.'
Eyelid surgery involves cutting the outer end of the eyes to make them wider and rounder, something plastic surgeons say boosts confidence.
Dr Seo, a surgeon from Seo Jae Don Plastic Clinic, described one of his patients that day, who had flown from Japan to have facial surgery, has small eyes.
Ideal face: Overtaking Brazil as the plastic surgery capital of the world, South Korea now has the highest number of surgeries performed per capita - in the quest for a western face
Creating a crease: Eyelid surgery involves cutting the outer end of the eyes to make them wider and rounder, something plastic surgeons say boosts confidence
Before and after: South Korean plastic surgeon Dr Seo says women are eager to have Caucasian features
He explained: 'We will do eyelid surgery, as well as give her a higher nose. She also has a flat forheard so we'll extract some fat and inject it into her forehead and chin. By doing so her overall profile will look much more appealing.'
Miss Duboc, a British-born, one-time model, he added: 'Most of our
customers are eager to have facial features like yours.
'A face with more volume is considered to be more popular these days, having an apple shape face means there's more chance to change a person's destiny, they think their fortune will change for the better.
'There are lots of girls who come in after breaking up with their boyfriends...there are doctors who cure the illnesses that we can see; we cure the heartbroken people. There is no need to live with a sense of discontent because of their appearance,' he said.
Beauty differences: This young women (right) was disappointed when Miss Duboc (left) admired her 'natural and unique' look, explaining that her different features, from that of westerners, is what makes her beautiful
Part of society: Eyelid surgery has become so ingrained in South Korea, before and after advertisements are standard practice
However it seems that Seoul Fashion Week is actually trying to distance itself from this K-pop plastic surgery culture.
Miss Duboc explained that backstage, there were many people who wanted to reverse the trend, favouring a more natural look.
A fashion student born in North Korea and smuggled into the south as a child, who sat next to Miss Duboc at one of the shows, said 'if a person is doing it to boost their confidence by covering up their handicaps I think its fine, but to completely change the way one naturally looks is totally wrong.'
She added: 'I see many of my friends getting it done. I think our desire to look as pretty as celebrities is far greater than in any other country.'
Different views: According to Vice, Seoul Fashion Week is actually trying to distance itself from this K-pop plastic surgery culture
Natural beauty: Miss Duboc explained that backstage, there were many people who wanted to reverse the trend, favouring a more natural look
Role models: Young women walking in the shows also believe that the plastic surgery trend has gone overboard, with many now saying there is more value in natural faces
A make-up artist agreed, commenting: 'I hate people getting double eyelid surgery, personally I like the natural look.'
And a model who had just walked int eh show said: 'I think Korean beauty is a look with natural eyelids.'
patient outside of Fashion Week's culture, who recently had the surgery
and was disappointed when Miss Duboc admired her 'natural and unique'
look, explaining that her different features, from that of westerners,
is what makes her beautiful, said: 'My mother would always support me in
my quest to look better, my father would be a bit more worried.
'The older generation... think natural is beautiful, being original is better. The importance of beauty is different to each individual.'
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text: Shock and awe describes the budgets issued last week by Republicans in the House and Senate. The shock is that the GOP never stops trying to destroy beloved programs like Medicare. Awe inspiring is their audacity in describing their killing plans as moral. When the House released its budget last Tuesday, Georgia Republican Rep. Rob…… Continue Reading


text:
Irene Cara to perform at Kidfetti
Published: Thursday, February 24, 2011 at 4:04 p.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, February 24, 2011 at 4:04 p.m.
Academy Award-winning singer Irene Cara, a best-selling pop singer from the 1980s, will make an appearance of Saturday's Kidfetti, singing with Ocala band Garneau.
The singer is known for the smash hit "What a Feeling" from the movie "Flashdance" and the title song to the film "Fame," which she starred in.
She also has won Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe and a People's Choice award.
Cara is a friend of Garneau singer Brent Carter, a national R&B performer who visits Florida for Garneau concerts.
Garneau is scheduled to perform at 12:15 p.m. Saturday. Kidfetti will be Silver Springs.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
CatholicVote.org joins fall election push
While candidates hit the road, political groups and committees, including CatholicVote.org, will ramp up the fight to push their politicians into office.
While candidates hit the road, political groups and committees, including CatholicVote.org, will ramp up the fight to push their politicians into office.
Four panelists at a Catholic University of America discussion agreed that U.S. voters are more divided and partisan today, and Catholic voters are part of those partisan positions.
California Gov. Jerry Brown has signed into law a bill banning so-called reparative or conversion therapy that attempts to change the sexual orientation of minors, making California the first state to outlaw the practice.
The California Catholic Conference and the Catholic Medical Association were among several groups opposing the ban.
Baltimore Archbishop William E. Lori and other religious leaders Sept. 26 asked supporters of traditional marriage to join efforts to overturn Maryland's new law legalizing same-sex marriage.
More than 200 people attended an invitation-only event at St. Mary's Seminary. The group included representatives from Christian, Muslim and Mormon communities, as well as written support from the Orthodox Jewish community, who were observing Yom Kippur.
The United States seems unusually stuck in a face-off between polarities that will yield no ground no matter how much the electorate demands compromise.
As faith outreach director for Minnesotans United for All Families, Lutheran pastor Grant Stevensen hears from a lot of Catholics who are torn between their faith life and their attitude toward gays and lesbians.
Like this man, whose mother is a lesbian: "There's no part of me that would not be Catholic. It's in my bones. And yet this thing that's in my bones rejects my own mother."
WASHINGTON -- There are few issues in the 2012 presidential campaign on which the major candidates have more clearly differentiated opinions than health care.
Much of President Barack Obama's stand on health care is built on provisions of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, the Republican candidate, has said should be repealed.
TACOMA, Wash. -- For state Sen. Debbie Regala, only the venue has changed. Stepping into the simple sanctuary, dark beams anchoring the low-slung ceiling crisscross overhead; the nave, flowing wide rather than long, is framed by pews, a modest organ, and slim panels of stained glass. At its entrance, an astonishingly large baptismal pool beckons as water does; one wonders how parishioners keep children from splashing in it.
Whether or not Washington state citizens reject or endorse same-sex marriage at the ballot box on Nov. 6, the role that Catholics and the Catholic church will have played could provide grist for analysis and conversation for years to come.
In January, Seattle Archbishop J. Peter Sartain testified before the state legislature against the pending legislation that would make Washington the seventh state to allow same-sex marriage.
PLYMOUTH, N.H. -- Plymouth is a small college town of just under 5,000 souls. It is located near the geographic center of the state, where the New England Uplands give way to the White Mountains. Main Street hosts some of the old buildings of Plymouth State University, a white clapboard church, and a variety of storefronts. On the August morning when I drove into town, it was anything but sleepy, filled with people buying coffee and reading their papers, 20-somethings loading a beer keg into the back of a pickup truck, hikers emerging from a sporting goods store with last-minute additions to their gear.


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Liberty Lodge, St Robert
Situated in St. Robert, Liberty Lodge is close to Hidden Valley Plaza, St Robert Museum, and Tiger Typhoon Aquatic Center. Also nearby are Bosa Heights Park and Fort Leonard Wood.
Hotel Features.
The hotel offers a snack bar/deli. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available in public areas and a computer station is located on site. There is a 24-hour business center on site. Additional amenities include multilingual staff, tour/ticket assistance, and laundry facilities. Self parking is complimentary. This is a smoke-free property.
The 66 guestrooms at Liberty Lodge include coffee/tea makers and complimentary toiletries. Guests can use the in-room complimentary wireless high-speed Internet access. All accommodations provide safes and phones; free local calls are offered (restrictions may apply). In-room microwaves and refrigerators are provided. Housekeeping is offered daily.
Short and sweet stay. Many restaurants nearby. Lots of parking.
it was satisfactory overall i had little problem the get to the address its may be my gps…
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $43
- Standard Room, 2 Queen Beds
- Standard Room, 2 Double Beds
- Suite
- Standard Room, 1 King Bed
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 66 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 2 floors
- 24-hour check-in
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed *
- Restrictions apply *
Extra people
- Roll-away beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
- Accessible parking
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Two Star St Robert hotels
In the hotel
- Snack bar/deli
- Coffee/tea in the lobby
- 24-hour business center
- Computer station
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- ATM/banking
- Disabled parking
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
In the room
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free toiletries
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Access via exterior corridors
Top St Robert hotels
Nearby hotels
Liberty Lodge, St Robert's small print
Also known as
- Liberty Lodge Rolla
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
This property does not have elevators.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A 11.725 percent city/local tax will be charged
Optional extras
Early check-in can be arranged for an extra charge of USD 10
Late check-out can be arranged for an extra charge of USD 10
Rollaway beds are available for USD 10 per day
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of USD 20 per accommodation, per day, plus a one-time cleaning fee of USD 75
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


text: From SuziQZee: I think it would be really interesting to watch the CMs in action! How do you "tie up" a small boat to a huge ship?? And what do you do with the small boat after it's empty? If you bring it onboard....how? I was actually on the ship for that cruise, and my friends and I had stayed up until about 345 in Diversions when one of our friends noticed something in the water: the little dingy boat! We ran up to the 4th deck and watched as Disney lowered a lifeboat and dragged the Algerians around the ship. It was truly a sight to see, and it makes a great story to tell, too! Hahaha