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H A R VA R D A L U M N I A S S O C I AT I O N F O O PR aMa zO N rIVer e xPeDITIO N W IT H DaV I D aG u I L a r F r O M T H e H a r Va r D S M I T H S O N I a N C e N T e r F O r a S T r O P H yS I C S 2011 | FEBRUARY 18 - 27 F O AMAZON RIVER EXPEDITION ON THE jEwELS OF THE AMAZON O FEB 18 - 27, 2011 • 8 NIGHTS / 10 DAYS SHIP SIZE: 15 CABINS • ACTIVITY LEVEL: ACTIVE ExPERiENCE tHE uNfoRGEttAbLE AmAzoN PR AboARD oNE of tHE fiNESt ExPEDitioN SHiPS iN tHiS PARt of tHE woRLD. tHE JEwELS of tHe a mazon riverboats evoke the 19th century's great age of discovery while providing 21st-century comforts and amenities such as passenger-controlled air conditioning in every cabin. In an enchanting atmosphere of exploration, voyage beyond the confluence of the río ucayali and río Marañón—the legendary inception of the amazon river—along black-water tributaries where the primeval calls of birds and wildlife echo across the rainforest, and where ribereños continue their tradition of river life. In the company of David aguilar from the Harvard Smithsonian Center for astrophysics and highly trained guides "The river was and naturalists, you will cruise far beyond civilization to the exceptional. Pacaya-Samiria Wetlands Preserve, the largest wetlands refuge in the world, and navigate to black-water rivers and remote forests absolutely wonderful." where the number of butterfly species climbs into the thousands, G. Post, 2010 Haa amazon trip participant and other species have yet to be classified or discovered. BOOK YOUR NEXT TRIP: 800.422.1636 | 617.496.0806 | HTTP://ALUMNI.HARVARD.EDU/HAA/TRAVEL SCHeDuLe by Day about this complex ecosystem. search of exotic wildlife such as Watch for a three-toed sloth iguanas and black eagles. moving between trees, while This afternoon, visit a small hawks, kites and turkey vultures village to experience the daily life glide overhead and jabiru storks of ribereños, river people, who search for food in nearby shallows. have lived on the shores of the Trek under a vast canopy of amazon for generations. (b,L,D) soaring ceiba trees and through a profusion of palms, orchids February 23 and tropical plants that flourish Pacaya-Samiria National reserve at ground level. From a canopy arrive at the Pacaya-Samiria walkway, observe the wonders of National reserve, the largest the jungle from a bird's-eye view. wetlands preserve in the world. Try to spot howler monkeys, This vessel is among the select February 18 F colorful macaws and the rare few to cruise this narrow length u.S./Lima, Peru electric-blue morpho butterfly. of the amazon river, where Depart for Lima. Spend one Take a canoe ride across white-necked heron and wattled night in the Casa andina Private one of the park's enchanting jacana dip into the shallow waters ColleCtion . February 19 Lima/Iquitos In Lima's historic colonial center, stroll through the Plaza de armas, O black-water lakes into a riveting world of rare animals like the endearing capybara, a large semi-aquatic rodent native only to South america. This evening, meet a local and monk saki and red howler monkeys scamper in the branches overhead. Have a picnic breakfast aboard an excursion boat cruising through the remote Pucate basin. Look for toucans and saddleback O a uNeSCO World Heritage shaman, or medicine man, who tamarind monkeys. Later, your site, and visit La Catedral and performs traditional rituals of naturalists lead a leisurely hike the 17th-century Moorish and purification and explains how through a vareza, a seasonally baroque Convent and Church of the ribereños have used flooded forest. San Francisco. Visit the Casa aliaga indigenous plants and herbs This evening, take a special PR for a private lunch. built in 1535 for centuries to cure medical night excursion in search of by one of Francisco Pizarro's ailments, from the common cold mysterious nocturnal creatures conquistadores, this 66-room to snakebites. (b,L,D) such as caiman and bats. (b,L,D) mansion has been inhabited by the aliaga family for 17 generations February 22 February 24 and is still decorated with río ucayali/río Tapiche río Tapiche/río ucayali 16th-century art and some of its Cruise up the río Tapiche, See the giant lupuna tree, original furniture. where intriguing pink and gray famous for its long vines and This afternoon, fly to Iquitos freshwater river dolphins often one of the tallest species in and spend one night in the swim alongside the ship. enjoy an the amazon. Watch for oriole el dorado Plaza Hotel. (b,L,D) excursion into the rainforest in February 20 Iquitos/Nauta/río amazonas Visit a typical Indian market in Iquitos before embarking the ship in Nauta. (b,L,D) February 21 río Marañón Cruise in an excursion boat up small tributaries, where the ship's naturalists share their expertise DeTaILS SHIP SIZE: 15 Cabins blackbirds, purple gallinules and PRICING: Per person double occupancy egrets. after lunch, join a piranha- CAT B $5,945 fishing expedition. CAT A $6,245 back onboard, the chef demonstrates the preparation of SINGLE PRICING: CAT B $7,445 juanes, a regional dish of chicken CAT A $7,745 and rice wrapped in banana leaves. (b,L,D) February 25 río ucayali/río amazonas enter a virtually uninhabited portion of the amazon where the river narrows and the dense F rainforest along the banks teems with wildlife. Marvel at giant water lilies and interact with villagers, HIGHLIGHTS learning more about their special L :: earn more about the Amazon's ecosystem, natural relationship with this remarkable environment. (b,L,D) February 26 río amazonas/Nauta/Iquitos/Lima O history and the challenges facing its environment during a specially arranged series of lectures and presentations by Harvard Study Leader David Aguilar and the ship's team of expert naturalists. C :: ruise the far reaches of the Amazon River aboard one O arrive in Nauta. after breakfast, disembark the ship, transfer to of the impeccably crafted Jewels of the AmAzon, vessels Iquitos and fly to Lima. Check into designed specifically to navigate the Amazon's remote the Casa andina Private ColleCtion tributaries in an elegant atmosphere that recalls the for an afternoon at leisure. 19th century's Great Age of Exploration. Following a farewell dinner PR J :: ourney to the vast Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, in the rosa Nautica restaurant, the largest wetlands preserve in the world, in search transfer to the airport for your of exotic wildlife, such as howler monkeys, caimans return flight to the u.S. (b,D). and macaws. February 27 A :: ttend an exclusive meeting with a traditional Amazonian u.S. shaman, who will perform ancient spiritual rituals. arrive back in the u.S. MaCHu PICCHu aND THeSaCreD VaLLey POST-TOur OPTION February 26 to March 4 • • $2,395/person, double occupancy v $2,995/person, single occupancy v v This six-night post-tour features the mysterious Inca complex of v Machu Picchu, the historic Inca ´ capital of Cuzco, the beautiful • • • urubamba Valley and the ancient Inca fortress of Sacsayhuamán. Complete details will be provided v with your reservation confirmation. YEAR CONSTRUCTION: 1997 MAXIMUM PASSENGERS: 30 OVERALL LENGTH: 108 feet FLAG: Peru AMENITIES each vessel features a specially each cabin has private bathroom designed observation deck and facilities, air conditioning and a full bar and is equipped with two twin beds or one double excursion boats for shore visits in bed and the dining salon has the most remote reaches of the floor-to-ceiling windows. upper amazon. JeWeLS OF THe aMazON CATEGORY A, $6,245 Category B Category A Outside cabin, two twin beds or one double bed (limited availability), window, private bathroom facilities and air 106 104 102 conditioning. Second Deck. 108 Kitchen 101 109 Single Pricing: $7,745 107 105 103 F CATEGORY B, $5,945 Outside cabin, two twin beds First Deck First Deck or one double bed (limited availability), window, private bathroom facilities and air conditioning. First Deck. Single Pricing: $7,445 O Dining Room 206 205 204 203 202 201 O Second Deck Second Deck Covered Open PR Lounge Bar Observation Deck Observation Deck Observation Point Observation Deck Third Deck GENERAL INFORMATION fee from the time of booking through 121 days prior to departure; from 95 through 120 days prior to departure, $1,000 per person; from 45 through 94 TOUR COST INCLUSIONS Port taxes; all transfers and luggage handling days prior to departure, 55% of the published full regular tariff; from 22 through abroad for all participants whose arrival(s)/departure(s) coincide with the 44 days prior to departure, 70% of the published full regular tariff; cancellations scheduled group transfer(s); round-trip air transportation between Lima and 21 days or less prior to departure, a no-show, or early return from the trip will Iquitos; all activities, excursions, entrance fees, accommodation, and meals per result in forfeiture of 100% of the published full regular tariff. In addition, any detailed itinerary; gratuities to local guides and drivers in Lima; tour manager applicable airline cancellation fees and administrative fees will be assessed. throughout; $50,000 emergency medical evacuation insurance. CHANGES IN ITINERARY AND COSTS The itinerary is subject to change TOUR COST EXCLUSIONS International airfare from the u.S.; excess baggage at the discretion of Haa Travels and the tour operator. Deviations from charges on aircraft; local departure air taxes; associated local taxes, airport the scheduled itinerary are at the expense of the individual. all prices facility taxes and federal inspection fees not listed in the "Inclusions" section; quoted are based on prevailing fuel prices, airfare and currency exchange transfers and baggage handling to/from airport/ship/hotel on day(s) of arrival rates in effect at the time of brochure printing and are subject to change. and/or departure if you are arriving earlier or later than and/or departing While the tour operator will do everything possible to maintain the earlier or later than the scheduled group transfer(s); passport fees; visas and published trip price, it may be necessary to institute a surcharge. fees for obtaining visas; personal expenses such as laundry and telephone INSURANCE We highly recommend the purchase of trip cancellation insurance. calls; accident/sickness, trip cancellation, and baggage insurance; gratuities an application for insurance will be provided by the Haa upon confirmation. to ship and hotel personnel and naturalists; optional sightseeing excursions; RESPONSIBILITY Statement of responsibility and full terms and meals and alcoholic beverages not listed in the "Inclusions" section; and all conditions are available on the Haa Travels Web site at http://alumni. other services not specifically mentioned in the "Inclusions" section. harvard.edu/haa/travel/amazon2011. RESERVATIONS, DEPOSITS, & FINAL PAYMENT To reserve a space on this DISCLAIMER every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the program, a $1,000 deposit is required per person. Please either call us at accuracy of information presented in this publication. Harvard alumni 800.422.1636 or 617.496.0806 or fill out and mail or fax the registration form. association is not responsible for errors in or damages resulting from reservations are acknowledged in order of receipt until the maximum enrollment use of the information contained herein. Information contained in this has been reached. Payment terms will be sent to you with your reservation brochure is subject to change without notice. confirmation from our partner company. Final payment must be made by check, cash, money order or wire transfer, and must be received by November 15, 2010. QUESTIONS Please call the Travel Program at the Harvard Association at 800.422.1636 or 617.496.0806, email: firstname.lastname@example.com CANCELLATIONS & REFUNDS all cancellations must be made in writing to the Harvard alumni association. Should you have to cancel, the following terms will Photo Credits: Photolibrary; all images are rights managed and cannot be apply: reservation cancellations are subject to a $200 per person administrative used without permission. BOOK YOUR NEXT TRIP: 800.422.1636 | 617.496.0806 | HTTP://ALUMNI.HARVARD.EDU/HAA/TRAVEL A SAMPLING OF 2010 & 2011 HAA TRIPS REGISTRATION FORM To register, fill out this form and return to HAA Travels with your lAND PROgRAMs THe CRADle OF WesTeRN CIVIlIZATION: ClAssICAl deposit of $1,000 per person. Please note that for some programs sICIlY: MIRROR OF MUsIC VOYAge IN THe MeDITeRRANeAN HIsTORY an additional deposit may be requested after you book. ANCIeNT MeDITeRRANeAN SEP 25 - OCT 3, 2010 ON coRinthian ii William Granara SEP 19-29, 2010 THe HOlY lAND: VIeWs JamES yannaTOS ON IsRAelI-PAlesTINIAN PROgRAM NAMe RelATIONs NORTH AFRICA's OCT 6-18, 2010 MeDITeRRANeAN COAsT ON EvErETT mEndElSOhn coRinthian ii sTART DATe nOv 5-21, 2010 PATAgONIA WITH BUeNOs mary mCWilliamS AIRes AND sANTIAgO nOv 4-17, 2010 MOZAMBIqUe AND First Person NAMe ON PAssPORT DATe OF BIRTH diana SOrEnSEn MADAgAsCAR: AFRICA's TReAsURes ON coRinthian A JOURNeY INTO ANTIqUITY: ii egYPT AND JORDAN BY eMAIl ADDRess Jan 17 - fEB 2, 2011 PRIVATe PlANe Kay ShElEmay dEC 29-Jan 12, 2011 Paul BEran ANTARCTICA ON clelia ii sTReeT ADDRess fEB 2-13, 2011 THAIlAND AND lAOs miChaEl mCElrOy dEC 30-Jan 13, 2011 miChaEl hErzfEld gARDeNs OF THe CITY / sTATe / ZIP OR POsTAl CODe CARIBBeAN ON sea cloud ii INDIA Jan 21-Jan 28, 2011 Jan 2-13, 2011 JOyCE ChaPlin & david rEna fOnSECa HOMe TelePHONe WORk TelePHONe armiTaGE F lONDON THeATeR AleXANDRIA TO kUsADAsI fEB 3-9, 2011 ON THe cliPPeR odyssey seConD Person NAMe ON PAssPORT DATe OF BIRTH keNYA AND TANZANIA mar 14-26, 2011 marCh 2011 E. rOGEr OWEn TANgO IN BUeNOs AIRes NORTH AFRICA's eMAIl ADDRess mar 11-19, 2011 MeDITeRRANeAN COAsT ON dOriS SOmmEr MOROCCO mar 14-28, 2011 SuSan GilSOn millEr JAPAN aPr 2-14, 2011 CHINA OlD AND NeW Jun 12-25, 2011 cloud ii O coRinthian ii aPr 7-24, 2011 THe RIVIeRA UNDeR sAIl: sPAIN AND FRANCe ON sea may 9-19, 2011 JOURNeY OF ODYsseUs ON coRinthian ii Jun 8-19, 2011 sTReeT ADDRess CITY / sTATe / ZIP OR POsTAl CODe HOMe TelePHONe WORk TelePHONe O RWANDA AND UgANDA gORIllA sAFARI ICelAND ON le boReal Jun 15-24, 2011 Jul 9-17, 2011 MeTHOD OF DePOsIT zarin PEarl maChanda THe BlACk seA ON CHeCk (PleAse eNClOse CHeCk) MAsTeRCARD VIsA BHUTAN: lAND OF THe coRinthian ii THUNDeR DRAgON auG 12-23, 2011 may 28 - Jun 10, 2011 lEOnard van dEr KuiJP RIVeR & lAkes CARD NUMBeR MONgOlIA: lAND OF THe WATeRWAYs OF THe TsARs PR BlUe skY ON volGa dReaM eXPIRATION DATe 3-DIg. seCURITY CODe may 29 - Jun 11, 2011 Jul 29- auG 11, 2010 marShall GOldman RAIl JOURNeYs AMAZON RIVeR JOURNeY NAMe As IT APPeARs ON CARD FAll FOlIAge IN THe fEB 18-27, 2011 CANADIAN ROCkIes: david aGuilar FeATURINg THe Rocky THe ReD seA, NIle VAlleY, I/We CONFIRM THAT We HAVe ReAD AND ACCePT THe MountaineeR AND THe HOlY lAND ON geNeRAl INFORMATION FOR THIs TOUR, INClUDINg ReFUNDs SEP 2-8, 2010 HARMONY V AND CANCellATIONs AND THe ResPONsIBIlITY ClAUse marK van BaalEn aPr 2-14, 2011 AT POsT.HARVARD.eDU/TRAVels. CarOl SaivETz sPORTs PROgRAMs FleMIsH ART AND gARDeNs lA BellA PUglIA: CYClINg aPr 7-17, 2011 IN ITAlY sIgNATURe RUssIAN WATeRWAYs ON OCT 8 - 15, 2010 volGa dReaM AND Golden eaGle ACCOMMODATIONs OCeAN CRUIses Jul 13-24, 2011 BAlTIC's AMBeR COAsT ON sea cloud ii FAMIlY ADVeNTURes CATegORY PReFeReNCe Jul 5-13, 2010 gAlAPAgOs IslANDs WITH r. niChOlaS BurnS MACHU PICCHU eXTeNsION DOUBle ROOM sINgle ROOM sHARe A ROOM WITH: CRUIsINg THe ADRIATIC seA: dEC 26, 2010 – Jan 6, 2011 THe DAlMATIAN COAsT AND daniEl liEBErman VeNICe ON PeGasus ROOMMATe NAMe YOU WIsH TO sHARe A DOUBle ROOM WITH egYPT FAMIlY ADVeNTURe auG 19 – 29, 2010 dEC 26, 2010 - Jan 6, 2011 SuE WEavEr SChOPf TarEK SWElim eXTeNsION PROgRAM WORlD leADeRs VOYAge TO THe lANDs sYMPOsIUM: BlACk seA ON OF gODs AND HeROes ON I WOUlD lIke TO RegIsTeR FOR THe MACHU PICCHU eXTeNsION silveR wind FeATURINg coRinthian ii CONDOleeZZA RICe Jul 7-18, 2011 auG 30-SEP 13, 2010 PleAse ReTURN THIs FORM BY MAIl TO: marShall GOldman HAA TRAVels, HARVARD AlUMNI AssOCIATION marvin KalB 124 MOUNT AUBURN sT, 6TH FlOOR, CAMBRIDge, MA 02138 BY FAX: 617.496.4011 OR PHONe : 800.422.1636 | 617.496.0806 I'M NOT ABle TO TAke THIs TRIP, BUT PleAse ADD Me TO YOUR MAIlINg lIsT HAA tRiPS ARE DESiGNED ARouND ouR StuDy LEADERS wHo iNCLuDE HARvARD fACuLty, RENowNED SCHoLARS, AND SPECiALiStS iN tHEiR fiELDS... F O FEATURED STUDY LEADER DaVID aGuILar O David Aguilar is the director of Communications and Public affairs at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for astrophysics in Cambridge, Ma. He is the popular host PR of Harvard's "Observatory Nights," and tRAvELiNG witH tHE HARvARD Sci-Fi Film Series, "everything I Learned about Science I Learned at the Movies." In ALumNi ASSoCiAtioN immERSES you addition to his past role as marketing director iN tHE iNtELLECtuAL, CuLtuRAL, for PbS's emmy award-winning 7-part NOVa series, Evolution, David is the author AND HiStoRiCAL CoNtExt of and illustrator of National Geographic's youR JouRNEy. PLANETS, STARS, AND GALAXIES: A Visual Encyclopedia of Our Universe, a vividly illustrated book that celebrates the wonders of space, and 11 PLANETS – The New View of Our Solar System and SUPER STARS – The 15 Most Extreme Stars in the Milky Way, which was due out in summer 2009. In 2009, asteroid Da2000 was named in honor of his recognized leadership in science education. FOR DETAILED ITINERARIES: PLEASE VISIT HTTP://ALUMNI.HARVARD.EDU/HAA/TRAVEL TRANSFORM YOUR NEXT TRIP INTO AN ADVENTURE IN LEARNING TRAVELING WITH THE HARVARD ALUMNI ASSOCIATION IMMERSES YOU IN THE INTELLECTUAL, CULTURAL, AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF YOUR DESTINATION. PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED AROUND OUR STUDY LEADERS WHO INCLUDE HARVARD FACULTY, RENOWNED SCHOLARS, AND SPECIALISTS IN THEIR FIELDS. HARVARD ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 124 MOUNT AUBURN STREET, 6TH FLOOR CAMBRIDGE , MA 02138 PR O O F BOOK YOUR JOURNEY WITH HAA TODAY! CONTACT HAA 800.422.1636 | 617.496.0806 OR VISIT ALUMNI.HARVARD.EDU/HAA/TRAVEL
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Dec 21, 2011; Milwaukee, WI, USA; Minnesota Timberwolves forward Michael Beasley (8) during the game against the Milwaukee Bucks at the Bradley Center. The Timberwolves defeated the Bucks 85-84. Jeff Hanisch-US PRESSWIRE
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Congress should embrace these financial challenges as an opportunity to reform the federal transportation program while still meeting the goal of reducing federal spending and shifting greater responsibility to the states. Read More.
Tight federal budget restraints and shrinking transportation trust fund revenues mean federal and state government need to find alternative financial resources to finance needed transportation infrastructure projects. Read More.
Reining in spending and debt should top the agenda in Congress, but one issue competing with that priority is reauthorization of the transportation program. Read More.
Wasteful, inequitable, and bristling with burdensome regulations, the Federal Highway Program is in dire need of reform. Read More.
The federal government's primary role in transportation – building the interstate highway system –was accomplished decades ago. Congress should pave the way for returning responsibility and management of transportation to the states, and enact reforms to streamline the project and environmental review process.
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In Our Lost Constitution, Senator Mike Lee tells the dramatic, little-known stories behind six of the Constitution's most indispensable provisions. He shows their rise. — Read more
Modern psychology is one of the most powerful intellectual authorities of our time. Its appeal derives in no small part from its ability to — Read more
The nuclear negotiations between Iran and the P5 plus 1 have entered a crucial phase ahead of the March 30 deadline for a framework agreement. — Read more
The Heritage Foundation is the nation's most broadly supported public policy research institute, with hundreds of thousands of individual, foundation and corporate donors. Heritage, founded in February 1973, has a staff of 275 and an annual expense budget of $82.4 million.
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- TRRT April 1-7 | Online Edition
- Guest Commentary: the Rockford Apartment Association
- State Roundup: NIU employee improperly reimbursed $30K
- State Roundup: Governor signs budget fix bills
- Rauner, Democratic leaders shake hands and make law
- State roundup: National guardsman and cousin arrested in terror plot
- Lawmaker says license plate readers a privacy threat
- Bryant not the first to feel impact of free agency rules
- State Roundup: Parents' group calls for standardized test opt-out bill
- Hononegah Mack: 'The best woman in the county'
Obama declares end of Iraq war, troops to be home by end of 2011
Online Staff Report
President Barack Obama pledged Oct. 21 to bring all U.S. troops home from Iraq by the end of the year, declaring an end to the more than eight-year war in Iraq.
"As promised, the rest of our troops in Iraq will come home by the end of the year," Obama said in a White House briefing Oct. 21, following a private video conference with Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. "After nearly nine years, America's war in Iraq will be over.
"Today, I can say that troops in Iraq will be home for the holidays," Obama added.
The war in Iraq began March 20, 2003, after the U.S. and United Kingdom asserted Iraq was in possession of weapons of mass destruction. No evidence of weapons of mass destruction has been found since the war began. The war is among the longest and most divisive conflicts in U.S. history.
U.S. casualties in the war have totaled 4,476, with 32,102 wounded. Brown University's Costs of War project estimated the total for wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan is at least $3.2-$4 trillion. The report said the Department of Defense's direct spending on Iraq totaled at least $757.8 billion. It also included complementary costs at home, such as interest paid on the funds borrowed to finance the wars and a potential nearly $1 trillion in extra spending to care for veterans returning from combat through 2050.
Obama said the U.S. will have a "strong and enduring partnership" with Iraq after troops return home.
Former President George W. Bush was president when a deal to withdraw troops from Iraq by the end of 2011 was signed by Iraq and the U.S. Obama declared the end of combat operations earlier this year.
The U.S. had been discussing with Iraqi leaders the possibility of several thousand U.S. troops remaining in Iraq. However, Iraqi leaders refused to give U.S. troops immunity from prosecution in Iraqi courts, and the U.S. refused to stay without that agreement.
Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was captured Dec. 13, 2003. He was charged by the Iraqi Special Tribunal with crimes committed against residents of Dujail in 1982, following a failed assassination attempt against him. Specific charges included the murder of 148 people, torture of women and children and the illegal arrest of 399 others. He was found guilty Nov. 5, 2006, and hanged Dec. 30, 2006.


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Recruiting of athletes in NCAA's Division III -- best known for its ban on athletics scholarships -- is intensifying and increasingly important to its tuition-driven members.
With many prospective members waiting in the wings, the NCAA's middle child strives to create a unique identity for itself amid an economic crisis and after years of member flight.
Study suggests perceived threat of confirming negative stereotypes may cause some -- but not all -- of academic achievement gap between athletes and non-athletes.
In responding to football violations at Eastern Washington U., institution and NCAA limit the number of players who can be admitted despite failing to meet association's minimum standards.
The hot new trend in big-time college sports: Tap a key assistant as the head coach's eventual successor. Is that smart planning, does it diminish opportunity for minority candidates, or both?
Former head of Division I Committee on Infractions believes process for penalizing colleges' rule breaking should allow dissenting opinions and involve more nonpartisan judges.
New report details academic performance gap between athletes and non-athletes at some Division III institutions, as NCAA considers introducing academic reporting structure division wide.
NCAA finds tutors helped 61 athletes cheat in courses, but university balks at punishment -- including giving up wins in football that could cost coach shot at record.
If you think college athletes should be students, Inside Higher Ed's method of assessing teams in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament is for you.
For the second time in four years, Florida State University is challenging a major punishment of it by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, declaring itself to be a victim of unfair treatment by the sports group to which it belongs.
Inside Higher Ed
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Hotel Margaret
|Hotel Margaret
The hotel as it appeared in the 1890s
|General information
|Architectural style
|Richardsonian Romanesque
|Cnr. Columbia Heights and Orange St., Brooklyn
|97 Columbia Heights
|By fire, 1980
|John Arbuckle
|10 stories
|Design and construction
|Frank Freeman
The Hotel Margaret was a notable building in Brooklyn, New York. Designed by Frank Freeman and completed in 1889, the hotel was the locality's first skyscraper and for many years remained its tallest building. It was destroyed by fire during renovations. It seems that a person who was using taping compound left a heater on and forgot to turn it off which started the fire that destroyed the hotel in 1980.
The hotel was built for John Arbuckle, a Brooklyn coffee and sugar importer, and named after his sister Margaret. Prominent Brooklyn-based architect Frank Freeman was commissioned to design the building, which was completed in 1889.[1]
For many years, the hotel remained the tallest building in the locality,[2] becoming a "familiar and appreciated" sight to the locals. It was home to several prominent artists, including etcher Joseph Pennell, Nobel Prize-winning novelist Sigrid Undset, and Betty Smith, author of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.[3]
The building was remodelled in 1958, and at this time given a coat of "neutral-toned" paint which caused it to lose some of its polychromatic appeal.[4] In 1980, work began on converting the hotel into condominiums,[2] but the building caught fire during the renovation and burned down.[3]
Completed in architect Frank Freeman's signature Richardsonian Romanesque style, the building has been described as "a rangy, Victorian apartment house in brick, terra cotta and pressed metal with vivid and witty ornament"[5] and as "the outstanding building of the Post Civil War period" in the locality.[4] A contemporary source described the building as:
... a huge and imposing apartment house, designed by Frank Freeman in a free adaptation of Romanesque. From its upper story there is a superb river view, from the street or the East River Bridge an impressive sky line. It is quaintly balconied and recessed, and the deep brown red of its brick harmonizes admirably with its iron work.[6]
The building was topped by large, pyramidal-roofed rectangular towers, which offered excellent views of the cityscape.[1] Primary building materials utilized in its appearance were stone, brick, terra cotta and copper.[4]
- Lancaster, Clay; Gillon, Edmund V. Jr. (1980): Old Brooklyn Heights: New York's First Suburb, 5th Edition, Dover Publications, ISBN 978-0-486-23872-2.
- Livingstone, Colin Hamilton (1893): The Citizen Guide To Brooklyn And Long Island, Jersey City Printing Co.
- Morrone, Francis; Iska, James (2001): An Architectural Guidebook to Brooklyn, Gibbs Smith, ISBN 978-1-58685-047-0.
- Wolfe, Gerard (2003): New York: 15 Walking Tours, An Architectural Guide to the Metropolis, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Professional, ISBN 978-0-07-141185-1.
- Younger, William Lee (1978): Old Brooklyn in Early Photographs, 1865-1929, Dover Publications, 1st Edition, ISBN 978-0-486-23587-5.
Coordinates: 40°41′59″N 73°59′43.5″W / 40.69972°N 73.995417°W


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Photos: Project One America
May 15, 2014 by Hayley Miller, Digital Media Associate
On Monday HRC launched Project One America, a comprehensive, multi-year campaign to dramatically expand LGBT equality in the South through permanent campaigns in Mississippi, Alabama and Arkansas. Below are photos from press conferences in Birgminham, Alabama, Jackson, Mississippi and Little Rock, Arkansas.
Top Posts
HRC Arkansas to Governor Asa Hutchinson: Veto SB202 Now
February 18, 2015
HRC's Time to Thrive Conference Kicks Off in Portland, Oregon
February 14, 2015
Epidemic of Anti-LGBT Violence Continues with Murder of Ohio Youth
February 16, 2015
"Love Has No Labels" Ad Campaign Celebrates Diversity and Inclusion
February 18, 2015


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Craig Calcaterra
Phil Hughes is probably heading to the pen
Aug 2, 2011, 10:30 AM EDT
Yesterday we learned that the Yankees are going to use a six-man rotation. That kind of thing never lasts of course, so someone is gonna be the odd man out soon. Matthew suggested that it may be Phil Hughes given his recent struggles. Matthew is probably right about that. Backing him up: Mark Feinsand of…
Metal trim falls from Busch Stadium
Aug 2, 2011, 10:00 AM EDT
The wife and I had our little suburban house built in 2005. There was a five year warranty on masonry work. Porch, brick steps, etc. Five years and three months after moving in, they started to crumble. Because I'm trained in the fine art of being a tremendous pain in the ass, I was able…
Cliff Pennington has Bell's Palsy
Aug 2, 2011, 9:40 AM EDT
That sounds more serious than it is — Bell's Palsy is a temporary condition in most cases — but it's not a malady you hear of all that often with ballplayers. But it got Cliff Pennington during last night's game, causing him to suffer partial facial paralysis and preventing him from closing his left eye. Pennington is…
Hey Hunter Pence … forgetting something?
Aug 2, 2011, 9:12 AM EDT
Hunter Pence is 3 for 14 with an RBI — and the Phillies are undefeated in three games — since he was traded from Houston. That's great. He walked up to the plate in Colorado last night having forgotten to take the donut off his bat, however. That's not so great. And it's especially not…
So I guess the Mets were supposed to keep K-Rod and Beltran
Aug 2, 2011, 8:50 AM EDT
Mets fans, prepare to roll your eyes. After years of seeing short-term plans fail to pan out, a changing of the guard at GM and the launching of a smart plan to shed baggage and contracts and try to align the Mets for a more solid long term footing, culminating in good trades of both…
Lou Gehrig memorabilia from an unexpected source
Aug 2, 2011, 8:25 AM EDT
A pretty nifty story in the New York Times this morning. Seems Lou Gehrig had a girlfriend for a brief period in the early 30s prior to marrying his wife Eleanor. That relationship ended after a brief time for the same reason a lot of Gehrig's early relationships ended: Gehrig's domineering mother didn't approve. But it…
And That Happened: Monday's scores and highlights
Aug 2, 2011, 5:59 AM EDT
Cubs 5, Pirates 3: Impressive debut for Derrek Lee: two homers. Alas, that was all the offense the Buccos could really muster as Carlos Zambrano scattered seven hits over six innings. By the way, the last player who hit a home run in his Pirates debut was pitcher Matt Morris back in 2007. I was…
Stephen Strasburg to begin rehab starts next week
Aug 1, 2011, 5:11 PM EDT
Mark Zuckerman of CSNWashington.com reports that Stephen Strasburg likely has one more sim game to throw down in Florida but then should begin rehab starts in actual minor league combat next week. This would put him on track to pitch in genuine major league contests before the end of the year, which is a tad…
Carlos Carrasco suspended six games for head hunting
Aug 1, 2011, 4:35 PM EDT
I'll take "things I missed because I was paying more attention to trades than I was to baseball this weekend" for $500, Alex! From MLB: Cleveland Indians pitcher Carlos Carrasco has been suspended for six games and fined an undisclosed amount for intentionally throwing a pitch in the head area of Kansas City's Billy Butler during the…
Jeter out of the lineup today
Aug 1, 2011, 4:01 PM EDT
Derek Jeter bruised his finger when he was hit by a pitch yesterday. He's apparently still sore, so he's out of tonight's lineup, replaced by Eduardo "in the 1940s a guy like him would have a nickname" Nunez. I will now go and contemplate how many players I'd really dedicate a "so and so was scratched from…
Attack on Bryan Stow detailed
Aug 1, 2011, 3:32 PM EDT
There was an aborted bail-reduction hearing for one of the suspects in the Bryan Stow case today. But in the course of that hearing the details of the attack, as described by police and the prosecution, were revealed. And it's pretty awful. Click through for the complete details, but the suspects allegedly committed at least…
Matt Stairs released
Aug 1, 2011, 2:31 PM EDT
We kinda knew this was gonna happen last week when he was designated for assignment, but it's kind of a bummer anyway: Matt Stairs has been released by the Nationals. It's probably retirement/hockey coaching time for Stairs who, at 43, managed only a .154/.257/.169 line with no homers this year. Overall, however, he had a fine…
Study: Major League injuries on the rise
Aug 1, 2011, 2:04 PM EDT
Most of us never read actual studies. Just abstracts. Mostly because we have short attention spans. But hey, that's life. Oh, look! Something shiny! Latest abstract of a study we won't read: one in the American Journal of Sports Medicine that says that MLB injuries are on the rise. The upshot: there are more injuries among…
Why do I do Power Rankings again?
Aug 1, 2011, 1:31 PM EDT
My original impulse to do power rankings was two-fold: (1) to force myself to actually look back at how each team did in the past week because I sometimes lose track, especially over the weekend; and (2) to have someplace to put occasional random observations about teams that wouldn't justify their own blog post. I should add…
The Yankees are going to call up Jesus Montero "in the very near future"
Aug 1, 2011, 1:04 PM EDT
The exact timeline is unclear, but the Trenton Times reports that the Yankees are going to call up catcher Jesus Montero "in the very near future." Montero was rumored to be the fodder of a possible Ubaldo Jimenez deal at the deadline, but one gets the sense that the Yankees weren't keen on trading him. It…
Let's help research subconscious racism in sports commentary
Aug 1, 2011, 12:30 PM EDT
We're all aware of the subtle racism that creeps into sports broadcasts, writing and general fan chatter. About how the white guy is a hard worker and the black guy is gifted. About how the Latino guy is lazy and the white dude is nursing a hidden injury. About how you can tell the hustlers…
I approve of this field-rushing
Aug 1, 2011, 11:35 AM EDT
A couple of fans rushed the field at the Cardinals-Cubs game last night. Awful. Such a thing has no place in polite society. Think of the safety concerns! Think of the poor example it sets for the children! This must be stopped if we are ever to — wait, what? One of them was kinda…
Your Monday Morning Power Rankings
Aug 1, 2011, 11:00 AM EDT
A lot of movement by default this week, it seems. No one except the Brewers really made a big impression, and as I mention in their comment, it wasn't that big. Perhaps all of the trades that went down over the past few days will shake things up between now and our next Power Rankings…
As if the trade deadline wasn't stressful enough
Aug 1, 2011, 10:30 AM EDT
I'd hate to be a general manager around trade deadline time. So much to do. So many calls to make and return. Pressure from the owners above and the fans below and the need to be clear — crystal clear — about where the team currently stands on the success cycle and where it might…
The Angels and the Tigers: men behaving badly
Aug 1, 2011, 9:58 AM EDT
I had all kinds of fun yesterday watching that gonzo Angels-Tigers game. But really, no one distinguished themselves once it got all ugly. For those who missed it: Magglio Ordonez may or may not have shown up Jered Weaver by posing for a home run after he hit it. I actually buy Ordonez's argument that…
A's owner Lew Wolff calls on Frank McCourt to sell the Dodgers
Aug 1, 2011, 9:40 AM EDT
While it's been pretty clear that Bud Selig has the backing of all of the other owners in the Frank McCourt fight, yesterday Athletics owner Lew Wolff became the first to publicly call on Frank McCourt to sell the Los Angeles Dodgers. What set him off was Frank McCourt's ridiculous statement in court filings in which…
About post-trade deadline trades
Aug 1, 2011, 9:15 AM EDT
While we talk about July 31st as the "trade deadline," it really isn't a deadline. Or at least a hard one. You can still trade guys in August. It's just that (a) any trade after the July deadline is a little trickier; and (b) if you trade a guy after August 31st, he can't be on…
HBT Weekend Wrapup
Aug 1, 2011, 8:50 AM EDT
Really, it was all trades this weekend, and we had you covered like a jimmy hat on that stuff. If you're simply looking to see who went where, check out the HBT Trade Deadline Tracker, which has all the specifics of all of the deals. If you're looking for something a touch more in depth,…
Report: Clay Buchholz out for season with stress fracture
Aug 1, 2011, 8:16 AM EDT
Sean McAdam of CSNNE.com is reporting that Clay Buccholz is suffering from a stress fracture in his lower back and that it is unlikely that he'll be able to pitch again this season. Erik Bedard looking better now, Red Sox Nation? McAdam reports that Buchholz, will see a back specialist in Los Angeles today, but that…
And That Happened: Sunday's scores and highlights
Aug 1, 2011, 5:38 AM EDT
Tigers 3, Angels 2: Wow, this was a wild one. Made all the more wild by the fact that (a) it was going on just as the trade deadline was approaching; and (b) since Justin Verlander had a no-hitter going, it seemed like everyone was watching it. At least everyone in my little corner of…
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If you're looking for simple but fabulous kids party ideas, what could be simpler than a colorful balloon birthday party theme? Our Balloon Craze kids birthday invitations, in pink, aqua and orange, were the inspiration for this bright and bold girl's birthday party planned by celebrations.com, and this party is all about color! (For boys, the invitations are also available in a royal blue, lime green and yellow color combination.)
1st Birthday Party Ideas
These 1st birthday party ideas will inspire you with invitation ideas, decoration ideas and food ideas!
It's Birthday Party Time!
Have a little one with a birthday party coming up? Whether it's their first, fifth or even their sweet 16th…we have the perfect kids birthday invitation ideas!
Let's start with our kid birthday invitations. With over 160 designs to choose from, I'm sure you'll find the perfect one for your little one! I did. Okay, the designers just happen to sit in the same building as me so I had a little influence on Connor's…you see, the only construction invitation we had was one with a big crane on the card…my husband works in construction but doesn't have any cranes in his crew, so i begged them to create this card with a backhoe and dump truck instead. Trust me, boys know the difference. So this one, Hard Hat Required Photo Birthday Party Invitation is perfect for your little construction themed birthday party.
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1st Birthday Party Ideas
My son turns 1 in exactly one month! I can't believe how fast this first year has gone! As sad as I am that he's getting so big, I am THRILLED to start thinking about first birthday party ideas! No joke. My husband owns an excavation company so it is no surprise that our party will be 'construction' themed.
SO adorable. I've already found construction 'cone' hats, construction 'cone' cups, work zone streamers and found some pretty amazing pictures of construction cakes.
Check out this Hard Hat Required Kids Birthday Invitation along with many, many other adorable kids birthday invitations. Each one comes with matching kids thank you cards and kids address labels, too! Keep reading our blog for more first birthday party ideas.


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Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
LOCATION: This fully renovated (yet 500 year old) first floor flat is located near the beautiful Zattere waterfront and 5 minutes from the Accademia bridge and Gallery, Peggy Guggenheim museum and the Salute church. The Zattere and Accademia vaporetto stops are only 5 minutes away. San Mark's square is just a few vaporetto stops away or a pleasant 30 minute walk through the winding streets of Venice. A fully stocked supermarket can be found 10 minutes away by foot along with a variety of restaurants to choose from.
Neighborhood is quiet day and night with the pleasant sound of people chatting and footsteps as people walk by.
LAYOUT: Oak parquet and wooden beams throughout this two-story, 2 bedroom, 1 bathroom flat.
Main floor features: bedrooms, living and kitchen area.
Ground floor features: Bathroom and private entrance area with desk. NOTE: There is a 10-step, marble staircase that leads from the ground floor to the main floor.
Master bedroom has queen size bed for two and small room has a bunk bed (with 1meter 90cm mattresses) that sleeps two. The kitchen and living room area are one big open space with dining table perfect for 4.
Family-friendly: Size and features are good for a family of 4 (not including a baby) or most comfortable for 3 adults since the second room is small and there is only one bathroom. Baby cot and stair gate available upon request for no additional cost.
AMENITIES: Air conditioning, heating, television (satellite), refrigerator, freezer, stove-top, microwave, washing machine, towels and linens.
Minimum 3 night stay preferred.
Barrio tranquilo cerca de la Academia. Muy recomendable para visitar Venecia.
Excelente vivienda, muy limpia y es cómoda. Estaba todo preparado para sentirse como en casa.
Lo recomiendo mucho, además, Leda es una persona muy atenta.
We enjoyed the appartment very much and liked the uncomplicated way of booking the appartment. I can recommend this appartment and Leda as host.
We enjoyed an amazing stay at Leda's Relax Venice. I cannot say enough about Leda's excellent response time, clear information and assistance at every step of the process. The apartment is situated perfectly for peace and quiet at night with easy walking access to absolutely everything in Venice. The apartment itself is spotlessly clean and comfortable. We did laundry while we were there and it was a huge help for the rest of our trip. Leda is kind, friendly and extremely professional and organized. She really made our visit to Venice easy and excellent! Thank you so much Leda!
My husband and I had a fantastic time in Venice, we staid in Leda's apartment which is perfectly located in a quite neighbourhood and at the same time walking distance of all the main sites of interest in Venice. Leda has been amazing at sending us all the information required to get to the flat with written descriptions and even pictures. She also very kindly booked a taxi for us from the airport to the flat on both our arrival and departure. During our stay she also made sure we had everything we needed and was very quickly responding to any of our questions. The apartment was clean, and was as described. We walk several hours per day and were very happy to come back to a more quite area, I would recommend Leda's apartment to anyone who wants to spend a lovely weekend in Venice. Thank you again Leda for hosting us.
Très bon accueil de la part de Leda, qui a parfaitement expliqué son appartement (en anglais). L'appartement est spacieux, propre, bien équipé même si un peu sombre.
Leda was a great super nice, accommodating, and generally a great host. We also really enjoyed staying at her apartment. It's super big (can easily accommodate family of 4), clean, in a quiet neighbourhood that's not far from anything you'd want to see in Venice. I'd recommend it to others!
I recently stayed at "Relax in Venice". Leda was responsive and attentive, and made sure that I had all the right information and directions to find her apartment. She also very kindly provided directions to the airport and made sure that we were settled in during our stay.
The apartment was clean, and was as described, with the required essentials and basics included. As some other reviewers have noted, the bathroom is downstairs (and the stairs are quite steep), so it may be an issue for those who are less mobile.
The apartment is located in a quiet local neighbourhood - but is still a convenient walk from the main points of interest in Venice. It is a great place to stay if you want some peace after a day of exploring amongst the summertime crowds of Venice!
Our family enjoys being in the outdoors, traveling, walking (as you can't avoid this in Venice) and good food.


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Seeking advice on building brick raised garden bed on slope
This is the first of what we imagine will be many posts. My husband I are are attempting to build a raised garden bed out of decorative brick. The bed will be used for urban homesteading - edibles and flowers. Our yard is quite sloped at the end (you can get a reference in the photos from the slope of the fence). What was intended to be a 12 inch high bed at the flat end of the yard, has turned into quite a tall wall at the sloped end. We did a great job of building a level, in not entirely straight wall last weekend. However, we are now concerned that the wall will topple over once it is filled with the weight of settling dirt.
Our question: Do we need to secure the brick with a smear or mortar or silicone? Would lining the inner walls with landscaping cloth be enough?
Thanks in advance for any advice.
are those just 4x8 bricks with no interlocking mechanisms? Yeah, wrong material for the application you have going at the end. Even mortaring them together (silicon will accomplish nothing), you're attempting to build a single-wythe brick wall as a retaining wall. Nope.
And why can I see daylight through the back corner? That can't be good.
Thanks for the frank assessment, marcinde.
You can see gaps at the back corner because we haven't finished. We needed to get a rotor blade that could cut masonry, but we were trying to lay things out to get a sense of the sizes we needed.
Yeah, the material we used was labeled "wall" at the big-box store where we got them. Perhaps misleading.
Today we had a nice long talk at the local, independent garden center, showing them pictures of what we've done so far. They gave some advice on how we could salvage the work we've done and make use of the materials we have. First, they suggested using a surface bond on the inside of the walls, rather than dismantling the wall and using mortar. Next, line the inside with landscaper's cloth. Then, make sure to really tamp down that earth that we use to fill the bed, tamping down each layer as we go. Then leave it all for a week to further settle, before we start planting.
We are going to give it a go, and hope for the best. But we welcome further input.
Since I was just about to post my own question about problems with my raised bed (done with landscape timbers)...I will say this much. If it were me, I would definitely line it with something to make it somewhat waterproof. I have a problem with losing water from the 'cracks' between my timbers. Just MHO.
Good luck and Welcome to GW !!
bonnie (aka brit5467)
Oh.....and remember this ~ it's much easier to do it right the first time than to be in my predicament. I need to fix mine now but it's already established and I don't know what to do.....lol.
ok, IF IT WERE ME, here's what I'd do. Where you come up out of grade really far I'd do a U-shaped buttress wall of 4x4 cedar timers spiked into the ground with rebar to keep the back wall from blowing out. I'd use the heck out of it this year, and then next year I'd by a pallet or two of actual wall blocks (like the link below) and put this year's bricks on craigslist or freecycle.
hey, gardening's a journey, right?
Here is a link that might be useful: walls
Thanks, marcinde. We do hope this project isn't what we eventually post to the "My Stupidest Gardening Mistake - or- We Were Once All Newbies" thread (http://faq.gardenweb.com/faq/lists/midatl/2002093410028749.html).
I've posted a picture of the progress we've made so far. Per the local, independent garden center's advice, we've put an application of surface bonding cement on the inside. After getting the corners how we wanted them with a rotor blade and chisel, that is - all snug and tight. Only a few hours of curing, and it feels SOLID! But I guess only time will tell.
As cool air seeks the lowest level. it is sometimes useful in structures like this to give cool air a place to escape--it helps to minimize early and late-season frost damage.
How much water you want to allow to escape depends on your climate, but you don't want it turning into a bog, either.
Maybe someone skilled in bricklaying will be able to give you more input regarding these issues.
It does look nice already, though. Where the bricks are still loose you could always make changes next year if needed.


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Exclusive To Right Wing News: Bob Etheridge's Opponent, Renee Ellmers, Responds To His Assault On A Student Film Crew
As many of you are no doubt aware, Democratic Congressman Bob Etheridge is in the news for assaulting a student who asked him a question. Here's the video of the incident that's turning up all over the place.
Etheridge has already issued an apology for his odd and violent behavior.
I have seen the video posted on several blogs. I deeply and profoundly regret my reaction and I apologize to all involved. Throughout my many years of service to the people of North Carolina, I have always tried to treat people from all viewpoints with respect. No matter how intrusive and partisan our politics can become, this does not justify a poor response. I have and I will always work to promote a civil public discourse.
One of the reasons Etheridge may have apologized so quickly is because he's in a +3 Republican district and has a credible challenger,: : : : : Renee Ellmers.
I reached out to Renee Ellmers' campaign and they have released their FIRST written statement about the incident to Right Wing News. Here's what Renee Ellmers has to say,
If a teacher or principal treated a student this way — it would raise serious questions and he would be suspended. This kind of behavior is equally unacceptable in a Congressman. Bob Etheridge needs to make a full, complete and candid public explanation for this behavior. His describing his behavior as "a poor response" is not adequate. Most important of all, Congressman Etheridge should apologize — in person — to the two students.
You can donate to Renee Ellmers' campaign here. Additionally, you can follow Renee Ellmers on Facebook and Twitter.
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i am offering a new unused vintage Basquette Card Tray complete with cards. This attractive plastic gold colored Tray swings and stores the Cards. I am not sure if the cards came with the Tray but they are still in their cellophane wrapping and have a landscape motif. Two little rubber foot protectors are missing, otherwise this set is in excellent condition.
Item ID: 2676
Welcome to our shop, where we have a variety of items of items to browse through. We ship quickly.
We ship internationally. We have put many more items on sale or make an offer, if your offer doesn't go through, email me.


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Rich Boy is looking to continue the hot streak he kicked off with his '07 debut and continued with last year's Bigger Than The Mayor mixtape with the release of his sophomore LP, Buried Alive. Sipping champagne in his Range Rover as he checks out all the attractive females, Rich Boy sends a message to all the haters who would try and hinder him in his climb to the top: It's Over. Employing a more aggressive delivery than ever before, it's clear the Mobile, Alabama native refuses to be seen as a "one-hit wonder" any longer. We already know Drumma Boy as one of the industry's top beatsmiths, but here he truly lives up to his name, backing his synth-electric guitar instrumental with a full-drum-set rhythm. Buried Alive has yet to receive a solid release date—keep it locked to the Booth for further details.
Written by Burmy on 04/2/09
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The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest.
Lipid Levels: A Link Between Cardiovascular Disease and Osteoporosis?†‡
Article first published online: 29 DEC 2008
DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.081262
Copyright © 2009 ASBMR
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Volume 24, Issue 6, pages 1103–1109, June 2009
Additional Information
How to Cite
Buizert, P. J., van Schoor, N. M., Lips, P., Deeg, D. J. and Eekhoff, E. M. (2009), Lipid Levels: A Link Between Cardiovascular Disease and Osteoporosis?. J Bone Miner Res, 24: 1103–1109. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.081262
- †
- ‡
Published online on December 29, 2008
Publication History
- Issue published online: 4 DEC 2009
- Article first published online: 29 DEC 2008
- Manuscript Accepted: 23 DEC 2008
- Manuscript Revised: 8 DEC 2008
- Manuscript Received: 20 AUG 2008
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- cardiovascular diseases;
- bone ultrasound;
- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
- Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam
Epidemiological observations support a positive relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and osteoporosis, where cholesterol has been indicated to be a possible link. Only a few studies have investigated the relation between lipids and BMD, but the association remains unclear. We studied the relationship between serum lipids and BMD of the calcaneus. A cross-sectional population-based study was performed, based on data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, including 620 men and 635 women, 65–88 yr of age. BMD was measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS), velocity of sound (VOS; m/s), and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; dB/MHz). Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, testosterone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. No association was found between total cholesterol (TC) and QUS. Men and women in the highest quartile of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) had a significantly lower QUS (men—VOS: β = −20.8, p = 0.00; BUA: β = −5.2, p = 0.02; women—VOS: β = −18.6, p = 0.00) compared with men and women in the lowest quartile. An even stronger positive association was seen between TC/HDL-c ratio and QUS (men—VOS: β = 21.8, p = 0.00; BUA: β = 5.5, p = 0.01; women—VOS: β = 19.2, p = 0.00; BUA: β = 3.6, p = 0.05). Our analysis shows that the lipid profile that is favorable in the prevention of CVD (i.e., high levels of HDL-c and low TC/HDL-c ratio) is unfavorable for QUS. These results indicate that HDL-c levels do not explain the association between osteoporosis and CVD.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis are major causes of impaired quality of life, morbidity, and mortality among elderly men and women. Several epidemiological studies found a relationship between the two diseases,(1–4) which implies that there might be some common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of both CVD and osteoporosis. However, the mechanism of this association has still not been fully elucidated. Different corresponding risk factors have been suggested, such as estrogen deficiency, smoking, hypertension, oxidative stress, inflammation, malnutrition, and hyperhomocystinemia,(5,6) but none of them could clarify the relationship between CVD and osteoporosis completely.
Serum lipid levels have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Some(7–9) but not all(10–12) observational studies found that treatment of CVD with statins, lipid-lowering drugs, was associated with a significantly reduced fracture risk and increased BMD. Therefore, the question arises whether lipids are associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis as well and whether they could be the link between CVD and osteoporosis.
Only little is known about the relationship between lipids and BMD in white men and women. Despite the fact that, of all lipids, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) is associated most strongly with CVD, strikingly most research has been devoted to the relation between total cholesterol (TC) and BMD. Only a few studies include the relation between HDL-c and BMD.(13–20) Their results are contradictory because both positive and negative relationships have been found. Recently, much progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms behind the protective effect of HDL-c on CVD. HDL-c could have a more important role in bone metabolism than has been assumed thus far.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid levels and quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Data were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) to examine the relationship between different lipids (TC, HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c ratio) and BMD of the calcaneus (velocity of sound [VOS] and broadband ultrasound attenuation [BUA] measured by QUS).
Data for this study were collected within the LASA. LASA is an ongoing cohort study of the predictors and consequences of changes in autonomy and well being in older persons in the Netherlands (predominantly white). At the baseline examination (in 1992–1993), a sample of 3805 older men and women (55–84 yr of age), stratified for age, sex, and expected 5-yr mortality, was drawn from the population registry of 11 municipalities in areas in the west, northeast, and south of The Netherlands. The sample represents the older Dutch population with respect to geographic region and degree of urbanization. The sampling and data collection procedures have been described elsewhere.(21)
Of the 3805 elderly persons who were initially approached, 3107 (62.3%) took part in the baseline examination (1992/1993). Nonresponse was related to age (p < 0.001), the oldest persons being less likely to participate. For this study, the first follow-up (1995/1996) was used as a baseline. Loss to follow-up between the first and second cycle was mainly because of death. This study was performed within a subgroup of the LASA sample, which consisted of participants who participated in both the main and the medical interview of the second data collection and who were born between 1908 and 1930. Of the 1720 eligible respondents, 1509 (87.8%) took part in the medical interview. Exclusion criteria were use of bisphosphonates (n = 18), estrogens (n = 10), and statins (n = 3). We excluded persons with missing values for TC (n = 201) and/or QUS (n = 223). As a result, our final study sample consisted of 1255 participants. Informed consent was obtained from all respondents. The study was approved by the medical Ethics Committee (VUMC) and conducted according to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.
We examined the influence of lipids (HDL-c, TC/HDL-c ratio, and TC) versus the BMD of the calcaneus, measured with QUS (VOS [m/s] and BUA [dB/MHz]). To determine whether lipids can be the link between CVD and osteoporosis, we also studied the relationships between CVD (stroke, heart diseases, and peripheral arterial diseases) and QUS and between CVD and serum lipids. To explore the impact of low lipid values on QUS, we compared the QUS of the lowest quartile of TC/HDL-c ratio and TC with the QUS of the other quartiles together. Models were adjusted for age (quartiles), BMI (<25, 25–30, >30 kg/m2), physical activity (quartiles), smoking (no, former, yes), alcohol consumption (Garretsen index: does not drink, light, moderate, and excessive drinking), diabetes mellitus (self-reported and/or use of antidiabetic medicine), hypertension (diastolic > 100, systolic >160 and/ or use of antihypertensives), testosterone (quartiles), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (quartiles).
Blood was collected in 1995 and 1996 after an overnight fast. Serum TC was measured with an automated analyzer. A few years after the original measurements, frozen serum was used to determine HDL-c levels. TC/HDL-c ratio was calculated from TC and HDL-c (TC/HDL-c).
QUS measurements
QUS data were obtained using the CUBA Clinical instrument (McCue Ultrasonics, Winchester, UK). BUA (dB/MHz) and VOS (m/s) were measured twice in both the right and left calcaneus. Mean BUA and VOS values were calculated from these four measurements. The short-term precision of VOS and BUA was reported as CVs of 1.4% and 3.4%, respectively, whereas long-term precision of VOS and BUA was reported as CVs of 1.3% and 4.9%, respectively.
Chronic diseases were assessed with a detailed questionnaire on self-reported chronic diseases from which we used the information on stroke, heart diseases, and peripheral arterial diseases. To be classified as CVD, suffering from either one was taken as sufficient condition in the analysis.
Potential confounders
The baseline information on age and sex was derived from the municipal registries. Body weight was measured without clothes and without shoes using a calibrated bathroom scale. Height was measured using a stadiometer. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m2). Smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, or current smoker), alcohol use (number of drinks per week), physical activity (housekeeping activities, sports and leisure activities during the previous 2 wk), and the presence of chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension were assessed in a face-to face interview. To obtain information on medication use, the respondent had to show all medication he/she used at the moment of the interview. The interviewer recorded the names, types, and doses of these medications. Blood pressure (mmHg) was measured after 5 min of rest at the upper left arm with subjects in a seated position, using an oscillometric blood pressure monitor (model HEM-706; Omron, Tokyo, Japan).
Serum testosterone concentrations were only measured in men by radioimmunoassay (Coat-A-Count; DPC, Los Angeles, CA, USA), with a CV of 11% at 2·6 nM.
25(OH)D was determined using a competitive protein binding assay (Nichols Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA). The interassay CV was 10%.
Statistical analysis
Data analysis was conducted with SPSS version 14.0. While the association between lipids and QUS turned out to be a nonlinear one, quartiles were made of each lipid parameter. In linear regression models, the lowest quartile was used as reference value. Associations between lipids and CVD and between QUS and CVD were assessed by logistic regression models. All models were controlled for BMI, age, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vitamin D, and, in men, testosterone. The accepted level of statistical significance was p < 0.05. Men and women were analyzed separately because of the difference in bone strength in older men and women.(22)
Table 1 shows subjects' descriptive characteristics. The mean age of the participants in this study was 75 yr. Average serum TC levels in men and women were slightly elevated, whereas serum HDL-c levels and TC/HDL-c ratios were within the normal range. The prevalence of CVD was 43% in men and 30% in women.
Relation between lipids and CVD
In accordance with the literature, this study showed that, of all lipids, HDL-c was most strongly associated with CVD. Men and women in the highest quartile of HDL-c had a significantly lower risk of CVD compared with men and women in the lowest quartile (men: OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.16–0.46; women: OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.32–0.95; Table 2). Between TC/HDL-c ratio and CVD, a positive association was observed in men (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.4–3.9), but not in women. In this study, no significant association was found between TC levels and CVD.
Relation between CVD and QUS
After adjusting for confounding, a significant inverse association was found between QUS (VOS) and peripheral arterial diseases (men: OR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.13–0.71; women: OR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.12–0.73; Table 3). No significant association was found between CVD and QUS.
Relation between lipids and QUS
Serum levels of HDL-c were significantly inversely associated with QUS, and the association was even stronger (positively) for the TC/HDL-c ratio: men in the highest quartile of HDL-c had a significantly lower QUS (VOS: β = −20.8; p = 0.00; BUA: β = −5.2; p = 0.02) compared with men in the lowest quartile of HDL-c. A comparable positive association was seen between TC/HDL-c ratio and QUS (VOS: β = 21.8; p = 0.00; BUA: β = 5.5; p = 0.01; Fig. 1). Among women, a similar negative association between HDL-c and VOS (β =−18.7; p = 0.00) and positive association between TC/HDL-c ratio and QUS (VOS: β = 19.2; p = 0.00; BUA: β = 3.6; p = 0.05) were found (Fig. 2). These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Only in an unadjusted analysis was a significant positive association seen between TC and VOS in women.
To examine the influence of a low TC/HDL-c ratio on QUS, the QUS of participants of the lowest quartile of TC/HDL-c ratio were compared with the QUS of the combined upper three quartiles. After adjusting for confounding, men and women with a TC/HDL-c ratio in the lowest quartile had significantly lower VOS (men: β = 13.6; p = 0.00; women: β = 15.3; p = 0.00) compared with those from the combined upper three quartiles. Similar analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of low TC on QUS. Univariate models showed that men of the lowest quartile of TC had significantly lower VOS compared with the rest of the population (data not shown). After adjusting for confounding, this relationship did not remain significant.
Our analysis showed that the lipid profile that is favorable in the prevention of CVD is at the same time unfavorable for QUS. A high HDL-c level, often called "good" cholesterol, was found to be related to low QUS. Moreover, the relation was even stronger (inversely) when high serum HDL-c levels were combined with low TC levels (that is low TC/HDL-c ratio). The results remained significant after correcting for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, testosterone, and vitamin D. Univariate models also showed that very low TC levels were detrimental to QUS (VOS). However, after adjusting for confounding, the trend was no longer significant. These findings indicate that HDL-c, the lipid most strongly related to CVD according to both literature and our study, is also most strongly related to QUS.
The influence of HDL-c on BMD and bone metabolism is still unclear. A few studies that examined the relation between HDL-c and BMD, measured by DXA, showed different results. A number of studies showed a negative relationship between HDL-c and BMD,(14–16,19,20,23) supporting our results. However, most of these studies were performed in small patient groups, and only few or no confounders were added to the models. Two larger studies(17,23) showed a negative relation as well; however, after adjusting for body fat percentage but not waist-hip ratio in one study(23) and BMI, age, and sex in the other study,(17) the relations disappeared, supporting the idea that adiposity may confound the relations between lipids and BMD. In our study, the relations between HDL-c and QUS were still significant after adjusting for BMI. In the cited studies, the relation between BMD and adiposity was remarkable high. In a small subgroup (n = 480) that included participants from Amsterdam who had undergone a DXA scan, we found DXA measurements to be more subject to BMI than QUS measurements. In this subgroup, univariate models also showed an inverse relation between HDL-c and DXA of the hip and lumbar spine. After adjusting for BMI and age, the relationships partly disappeared; only the relationship among men between HDL-c and BMD of the hip remained significant (data not shown).
In another large study(13) among 1176 elderly women, univariate models showed a relation between lipids and BMD as well. After adjusting for the severity of aorta calcification, the relations were no longer significant, which led them to conclude that the relationship is an indirect one, through promotion of atherosclerosis. However, the cited study failed to show significant relations between lipids and aorta calcifications.
Epidemiological studies have shown that low HDL-c levels in humans with type 2 diabetes are accompanied by an increased BMD.(24–27) Moreover, the Tromsø study(25) showed that low HDL-c levels provide protection from nonvertebral fractures. The HDL-c level is a powerful, independent indicator for the risk of CVD. In addition to reverse cholesterol transport and cellular cholesterol efflux, recent studies found a range of atheroprotective properties ascribed to HDL-c, including several anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antithrombotic functions.(28–30) Recent years have seen a growing interest in the development of HDL-c–raising medication. A combination of these drugs and cholesterol-lowering ones could provide a good treatment of CVD.(28,29) However, the question arises whether the protection from nonvertebral fractures by low levels of HDL-c could be nullified by HDL-c–raising drugs. Given that osteoporosis and related bone fractures are an increasing health risk in our aging societies, elucidation of the relation between HDL-c and BMD before the introduction of HDL-c–raising medication is of great importance. The mechanism behind the negative relationship between HDL-c and BMD is yet unknown. Several studies on mice have examined the influence of cholesterol, oxysterols (oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol) in particular, on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are the progenitors of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, adipocytes, and fibroblasts.(31–34) For several types of osteoporosis, it was found that, in bone marrow tissue, adipogenic differentiation of MSCs was favored at the cost of osteogenic differentiation. A study about the factors and mechanisms that drive the differentiation of MSCs showed that specific oxysterols stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs while inhibiting their adipogenic differentiation.(32) Given that HDL-c is capable of removing oxysterols from peripheral tissues, a high HDL-c level would be detrimental to osteogenic differentiation. This could explain the observed negative relation between HDL-c and QUS. In this line of thinking, the combination with a low TC could lead to even lower oxysterol levels in bone cells, possibly explaining the strong relation that was found between TC/HDL-c ratio and QUS.
Initially, elevated TC was supposed to be the related factor to both CVD and osteoporosis. Therefore, several studies examined the relation between TC and BMD. Their results are contradictory because absent,(18,35) positive,(14,36) and negative(37) relations have been found. Some studies also showed that lipid-lowering statins increase BMD values and reduce the risk of bone fracture.(7,9) However, a large case-control study(38) showed that this is not an effect of the lowered cholesterol, but of the pleiotropic effect applied to lipophilic statins only. In this study, only among women was a positive relation between TC levels and QUS found in univariate models. After adjusting for confounding, this relationship did not remain significant. Our findings indicate that not TC but HDL-c is most strongly related to BMD.
The results of this study are in agreement with some studies cited above. However, in this study, QUS was used as a parameter for BMD. Our study was carried out among a large population (n = 1255) and took several confounding variables into account. We excluded subjects taking bisphosphonates, estrogens, and statins, all known to affect bone metabolism. Besides the relationship between lipids and QUS, also the relationships between lipids and CVD and between CVD and QUS were studied. In agreement with the literature, our study population showed HDL-c to be most strongly related to CVD. Also, a significant inverse relationship between QUS and peripheral arterial diseases was found, which remained significant after adjustment for lipids (HDL-c, TC/HDL-c ratio, and TC). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the relation between TC/HDL-c ratio and QUS. We found the TC/HDL-c ratio to have a stronger correlation with BMD than HDL-c alone. Our analysis is restricted to men and women with serum HDL-c levels and TC/HDL-c ratios within the normal range and just slightly elevated serum TC levels. Therefore, findings are not generalizable to men and women with dyslipidemia.
In this study, we found inverse associations between QUS and HDL-c(39,40) and between peripheral arterial diseases and QUS.(41,42) Whereas low levels of testosterone are related to both low QUS and high HDL-c levels and vitamin D insufficiency [low serum 25(OH)D] with both low QUS and a higher prevalence of peripheral arterial diseases, we controlled all models for these confounders. After adjustment, all results remained significant, and the associations became even slightly stronger.
There are some limitations to our study. First, we examined primarily QUS as a measurement for BMD. Second, serum levels of triglyceride (TG) were not determined in the LASA study. Therefore, we could not study the relationships between TG, LDL-c, and QUS.
In conclusion, our analysis showed that the lipid profile that is favorable in the prevention of CVD (i.e., high levels of HDL-c and a low TC/HDL-c ratio) is at the same time unfavorable for BMD. These results indicate that HDL-c levels do not explain the association between osteoporosis and CVD. Because osteoporosis and related bone fractures pose an important health risk, further elucidation of the relation between lipids and QUS is of great importance.
We thank Els Lommerse, Ellen Tromp, Saskia Pluijm, Mariëtte Westendorp-de Serière, Marleen van der Horst, and Jan Poppelaars for help in collecting and processing the data; our colleagues from the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry for the biochemical estimations; and our colleagues from the Department of Nuclear Medicine for performing the BMD measurements. This study is based on data collected in the context of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) and was funded by the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sports of the Netherlands and by Prevention Fund (currently ZonMw), The Hague (Grant 28-2551).
- 12006 Radiographic measure of aorta calcification is a site-specific predictor of bone loss and fracture risk at the hip. J Intern Med 259: 598–605., , , ,
- 22006 Volumetric and areal bone mineral density measures are associated with cardiovascular disease in older men and women: The health, aging, and body composition study. Calcif Tissue Int 79: 102–111., , , , , , , ,
- 32005 Relationship between bone mineral density and myocardial infarction in US adults. Osteoporos Int 16: 2053–2062.,
- 42005 Relationship between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 20: 1912–1920., , , , ,
- 52003 Role of vascular factors in osteoporosis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58: 362–366., , , ,
- 62006 Statins and bone metabolism. Oral Dis 12: 85–101.,
- 72000 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of fractures. JAMA 283: 3205–3210., , , ,
- 82004 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of vertebral fracture. J Bone Miner Res 19: 1525–1530., , , , ,
- 92000 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of hip fractures in elderly patients. JAMA 283: 3211–3216., , ,
- 102003 Statin use, clinical fracture, and bone density in postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Ann Intern Med 139: 97–104., , , , , , , , , ,
- 112000 Statin drugs and the risk of fracture. 4S Study Group. JAMA 284: 1921–1922.,
- 122001 Effect of pravastatin on frequency of fracture in the LIPID study: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease. Lancet 357: 509–512., , , , , , ,
- 132007 Links between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: Serum lipids or atherosclerosis per se ? Osteoporos Int 18: 505–512., , , , ,
- 142004 Relationship between lipids and bone mass in 2 cohorts of healthy women and men. Calcif Tissue Int 74: 136–142., , , , , ,
- 152001 High density lipoproteins (HDL) in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: A preliminary study. Menopause 8: 429–432., , ,
- 162002 The influence of hormonal status and features of the metabolic syndrome on bone density: A population-based study of Swedish women aged 50 to 59 years. The women's health in the Lund area study. Metabolism 51: 267–270., , , , , ,
- 17
- 182002 Plasma lipids and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Endocr J 49: 211–217., , , , , ,
- 19
- 202001 Association between bone mineral density and serum lipids in men. JAMA 286: 791–792., ,
- 211993 Autonomy and Well-Being in the Aging Population. Concepts and Design of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Institute of Gerontology, Bunnink, The Netherlands., ,
- 222006 Increasing sex difference in bone strength in old age: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik study (AGES-REYKJAVIK). Bone 39: 644–651., , , , , , , , ,
- 232007 Lipid profile, obesity and bone mineral density: The Hertfordshire Cohort Study. QJM 100: 297–303., , , ,
- 242005 Increased bone density and decreased bone turnover, but no evident alteration of fracture susceptibility in elderly women with diabetes mellitus. Osteoporos Int 16: 1506–1512., , ,
- 252006 Features of the metabolic syndrome and the risk of non-vertebral fractures: The Tromso study. Osteoporos Int 17: 426–432., , , ,
- 262007 Discrepancies in bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes—a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 18: 427–444.
- 272004 Non-insulin-dependent diabetes, bone mineral density, and cardiovascular risk factors. J Diabetes Complications 18: 317–321., , , , ,
- 282006 Therapeutic elevation of HDL-cholesterol to prevent atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Pharmacol Ther 111: 893–908.
- 29
- 302007 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol regulates endothelial progenitor cells by increasing eNOS and preventing apoptosis. Atherosclerosis 192: 92–99., , , , , ,
- 311999 Atherogenic diet and minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein inhibit osteogenic and promote adipogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. J Bone Miner Res 14: 2067–2078., , , , , ,
- 322004 Oxysterols regulate differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: Pro-bone and anti-fat. J Bone Miner Res 19: 830–840., , , , , ,Direct Link:
- 331997 Lipid oxidation products have opposite effects on calcifying vascular cell and bone cell differentiation. A possible explanation for the paradox of arterial calcification in osteoporotic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17: 680–687., , , , , , ,
- 342002 Role of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. J Bone Miner Res 17: 1997–2003., , , , ,
- 352004 Long-term effects of serum cholesterol on bone mineral density in women and men: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Bone 34: 557–561., , , , , , ,
- 362006 Lipid profile and bone paradox: Higher serum lipids are associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 15: 261–270.,
- 372003 Does serum cholesterol contribute to vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women ? Bone 32: 8–14., , ,
- 382006 Statin but not non-statin lipid-lowering drugs decrease fracture risk: A nation-wide case-control study. Calcif Tissue Int 79: 27–36., ,
- 392007 The association of sex hormone levels with quantitative ultrasound, bone mineral density, bone turnover and osteoporotic fractures in older men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 67: 295–303., , , , ,
- 402003 Androgens and coronary artery disease. Endocr Rev 24: 183–217.,
- 412008 Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. Bone 42: 260–266., , , , ,
- 422008 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease: Results from NHANES 2001 to 2004. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28: 1179–1185., , , , , ,


text:
"The Government's first job is to make sure that its people have more, and larger (when taken in the aggregate) enemies than the Government."
This deal between Faux News and Dish reminds me of a script from Dallas, the TV show of the 70's. Remember story lines that read like this? (read it all)
Kristin Shepard was raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico by her mother, Patricia, along with her older sister, Sue Ellen. After Kristin's father died, Patricia insisted that her daughters make their way in life by marrying rich husbands. Sue Ellen became a Texas beauty queen and married J.R. Ewing, the son of the rich and powerful Ewings of Dallas, Texas. Years later, Kristin, who was a college student, became envious of Sue Ellen's lifestyle and decided to make her own way in Dallas. Kristin got a temporary job at Ewing Oil as J.R.'s secretary. She soon blackmailed her sister's husband into an affair. Kristin had thoughts of becoming J.R.'s next wife and even helped J.R. end his troubled marriage to Sue Ellen, by convincing his family that Sue Ellen, a recovering alcoholic, had fallen off the wagon again, in order for J.R. to institutionalize Sue Ellen again and get her out of the way. However, Kristin soon discovered that J.R. had no intentions of marrying her when he threatened her to leave town or else. Kristin vowed revenge and did so by shooting J.R. in his office three times and then trying to frame her own sister, Sue Ellen, who was drunk at the time of the shooting. When the truth came out, Kristin escaped jail by revealing that she was pregant with J.R.'s child, so J.R. and Sue Ellen sent her off to live in California without pressing charges for the shooting. While in California, Kristin met up with J.R.'s brother, Gary, and Gary's wife, Val, and their neighbors. Eventually, Kristin returned to Dallas after she gave birth to a son Christopher, whom she claimed was J.R.'s. After trying to blackmail J.R. into more hush money for their baby, Kristin was found floating dead in the Southfork swimming pool by Cliff Barnes. However, J.R., who was seen standing over a broken balcony railing at the time of Kristin's death, was relieved of any charges in her death when her death was ruled an accident by the coroner, who found that Kristin was high on drugs and accidentally ran off the balcony to her own death. Kristin's child, Christopher, was eventually adopted by J.R.'s younger brother, Bobby, and his wife, Pamela. While Bobby believed that J.R. was Christopher's father, he eventually learned that Kristin had actually miscarried J.R.'s child and that Christopher was the product of Kristin's marriage in California to Jeff Farraday, who was the one who initially sold the baby to Bobby for money.
Doesn't that make you just miss this in your life? It's no wonder we all stayed drunk back then!
With TV like that, who wouldn't?
With TV like this, who won't?
Thanks, Fox.
Thanks, Dish.
The answer
The parent must take control when dealing with an out-of-control entitled Black man. It's called:
Line Item Sequester
It's the only (viable) means left to our cowardly (and new) Republican Congress. They are both like out-of-control children.
You think about it…
Line Item Sequester
Then tell me why it wouldn't work. Then tell me why, out of 325 million people, that I am the only one to mention this.
Light posting
I apologize for not getting more up on the site lately. We have a member of the household going through chemo treatments these days and it's starting to take its effect on them. It's not me. I wish it were…
I will try to get going again soon.
Cruz at home
I received this one just today. He looks like he's losing weight. But then… with his current schedule and the State of the Union, is it any wonder? They said that he gave one hell of a talk. According to Cruz, it is time for the people to move. We have to take back the Senate this next election or we really will be in big trouble.
Jamie and I went to hear Sen. Cruz last night at a dinner. He was great and I am proud that he hails from Texas.
It was an honor to see the Senator in person and be able to shake his hand.
He is truly a Great American. His speech below (YouTube Link) is really good. I hope you take the time to listen to it in its entirety
God Bless America
EPIC SPEECH: Ted Cruz vs. 49 Senate Democrats Who Voted to Repeal the First Amendment
September 10, 2014
Senator Ted Cruz issued an epic challenge and debate to the 49 Democrats in the U.S. Senate who have voted to gut the American free-speech provision of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
The Democrat-proposed S.J. Res. 19, would change the First Amendment, giving politicians the ability to determine whatever they feel are "reasonable" limits on free speech, rather than the current First Amendment that completely disallows that power by stating that "Congress shall make no law prohibiting" free speech or the establishment and practice of religion.
Cruz began his well-articulated argument by highlighting some of the current crisis-level events occurring in both the United States, and around the globe, that Democrats are ignoring because of their obsession to spend their time, energy and focus on taking away the time-honored and uniquely American right, established by our Founding Fathers, of being able to criticize our own government without fear of retribution.
Cruz began his introduction:
At a time of extraordinary challenges across the globe and here at home, we are not gathered in the United States Senate to discuss how to confront the threat if ISIS.
We're not gathered in the United States Senate to discuss how to prevent Putin's Russia from invading his neighbors.
We're not gathered in the United States Senate today to discuss how to solve the humanitarian crisis at the border with some 90,000 unaccompanied children coming into the country this year.
We're not gathered in the United States Senate today to discuss how to bring back jobs and economic growth; How to correct the fact that the Obama economy has produced the lowest labor force participation since 1978–92 million Americans not working today.
And we're not gathered in the United States Senate to discuss how to stop the disaster that has been Obamacare, that has caused millions of Americans to lose their jobs, to be forced into part-time work, to lose their health insurance, to lose their doctors, and to see their premiums skyrocket.
"Instead," Senator Cruz points out, the U.S. Senate was gathered on Tuesday, not to deal with those pressing issues, but because of a very different topic:
"The majority leader, and the Democratic [Party] majority in this Senate have determined that the most important priority this Senate has, which we are spending the entire week addressing, is the proposal of 49 Democrats to repeal the free speech provisions of the First Amendment."
The new First Amendment that 49 Democrats agreed upon, is so egregiously ill-conceived that even the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), considered a far-left organization and certainly no friend of conservatives or Ted Cruz, sent Cruz a letter thanking him for standing up against this anti-free speech provision with Democrat Party support.
Cruz asked the 49 Democrats, as he has before with no response, if Congress should have the constitutional authority to ban books, movies, and prohibit left-wing groups like the NAACP from speaking?
While is sounds like absurd questions in what is supposed to be the "land of the free," Democrats, thus far, have refused to answer the question, only choosing to dismiss them by stating that it is not their "intention" to take those kind of USSR-like tactics at this time.
"Now, I posed these questions in the Constitution subcommittee. When I posed them of the committee, the chairman of the committee [Democrat] Senator [Dick] Durbin gaveled the hearing shut, because he could not answer those questions," Cruz reminded.
Another source
You may already know about this one, but check it out if you haven't.


text:
Green Up contest open to studentsJanuary 11,2013
Vermont grade-school children are invited to draw and write to show their support for Green Up Vermont.
Any student, kindergarten through 12th grade, may submit one entry to each of Green Up Vermont's annual poster and writing projects. One poster design will be selected as the official 2013 Green Up Day poster, promoting Green Up Day on May 4.
Poster entries should be 11 by 14 inches, created by hand without the aid of computers and must include the words "Green Up Vermont." Writing entries should be a poem or essay, no longer than 400 words, on the topic "What Green Up Day means to you."
Entries are due by Jan. 31. For more information, call 229-4586 or visit www .greenupvermont.org.MORE IN This Just InBUELS GORE — Vermont State Police say that shortly after clearing the scene of a car... Full StoryMONTPELIER The Vermont House on Friday passed a $1. Full StoryST. ALBANS Vermont State Police say they have cited a St. Full Story
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Hotel Ria Mar
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Ponta Delgada
... we could do with you here Gareth! We went to the gym early this morning but half the ship seemed to have the same idea - it was crowded to say the least - maybe we need to choose a different time. This afternoon we were surrounded by a huge pod of dolphins- but needless to say as soon as Brian got his camera set up they disappeared! I did manage one shot ...
Vigo - we came, we saw, we left!
First formal 'doo' last night, it was an excellent night, we have Bob Champion on-board at the moment and had drinks with him in the Crows nest late last night and we are having dinner with him tonight, a really nice guy and full of great stories. Docked in Vigo first thing this morning, it's a pleasant enough fishing town but nothing special. A day at sea tomorrow, then the Azores on Sunday......should start seeing warmer climates after that. Having a wonderful time ...
"You're such a lovely boy"
... is scary!
Blackjack; started with a �3 free bet, totally walked away with �35, smashed it.
So we arrive in Spain in the morning, have to say it'll be nice to stand on land again, I've had to get accustomed to this constant sway these last two days, the sea hasn't been kind. The best way to describe it is to think of the Moon; you know how you see those Astronauts bouncing slowly up and down while walking? Well think ...
After a fairly bumpy crossing through the Bay of Biscay we arrived at Vigo this morning. Hopefully, I will be able to post this when we go ashore after breakfast. The weather is sunny and the temperature is about 15 degrees. We are not going on an official trip today, just exploring the town ourselves - I believe that there is a very good fish market here. We have been attempting to learn a little Spanish- our instructor has taught us how to order oysters and champagne -should the need ...
Northern Spain - Closed for Business
... Tourist Information Offices are closed during this time and also most are closed on Mondays.
OK back to the time line, you figure out that you have to get going earlier in the morning, so do a few things that absorb you and before you realise it, it's 3pm and you have not had lunch. So late lunch and then don't feel like dinner! Again, not necessarily a bad thing. But you want to experience the local evening atmosphere so head out to look ...


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Players online: 0 daily: 18
Added: 4 years ago From: orisinal
Tags: kids, flash, beat my score, singleplayer
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