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Has anybody prepared Fe-EDTA?
Hello everyone. I some question about Fe-EDTA. I've prepared a solution of Fe-EDTA mixing two solutions:
1 - Disodium EDTA with sodium hydroxide
2 - Ferrous sulphate (with some sulfuric acid to dissolve completely the ferrous sulphate)
After mixing, the pH was adjusted to pH = 5.5
The result was a pale yellow solution.
After three days the solution changed its color to orange.
No precipitates.
So, my question is: Why the color of the solution changed?
Is OK to use this solution in hydroponics?
Hello James,
What happened is that some of the Iron (II) EDTA complex (which is yellow) oxidized to Iron (III) EDTA which is reddish giving your solution an orange tone. There is no need to worry, you can still use this solution in your hydroponic setup,
Best regards,
Here is a link that might be useful: Science in Hydroponics
The directions are very clearly stated in your thread history. Please study them until they make sense. For the amounts, you need to provide that depending on how much you are making, and you do this keeping the stoichiometry of the ferrous compound you are dissolving plus a minor excess. There is no magic concentration of trace EDTA so within reason you can make whatever concentration you want.
If you need more guidance, just use common sense. The n-sodium chelate needs to be unzipped. So using a hydroxide base bring it to a pH of at least 9, but I'd be careful not to get too close to 10 because you'll just be dumping in extra sodium, if using NaOH as suggested, and eventually wasting acid to neutralize it. In the acidified ferrous solution half, just enough to dissolve the final total needs of total liters at your working solution ppm of Fe ion you need and little more. If you add more you will have a solution with excess iron and you might have to keep track of the undependable free ferrous ions floating around too so that your fertilizer will be soluble Fe total = Fe(tot) = (free ionic + chelated ionic) with uncertainty.
After mixing, any pH at 6 or below is fine or even below 3-4 if you want a concentrated stock. The guy here used 5.5 which is a little more acidic than most normal applications, but that's like a pleasant visit to the chiropractor to massage the chelates into shape. I personally, if running at low pH of 5.5 would just dump some plain EDTA salt in my initial tap water which is around pH=8, and use straight ferrous sulfate added with the acid during the final pH adjustment, without all the extra work, but it is better you do it the way explained here, because what I suggest could behave a little fickly.
Don't abscond on us; post on what you are doing. It's real nice to hear from India.
This post was edited by PupillaCharites on Sun, Jan 5, 14 at 1:49
OK Sundar. I'm trying to help you. The difficulty I had with your question is the lack of detail also. You didn't mention what ppm you wanted for the final solution of chelated iron, nor how much you wanted to make, but you asked us to specify the exact amounts needed.
Whatever you need to know, just ask then. In which region are you planning to grow and with what type of hydroponic system and crop?
I have been doing hydroponic gardening for over 40 years and apart from the early years eg 30 years ago where I bought and mixed the nutrients together in large containers it was a real pain in the rear end..
I also did not have a PH meter until several years ago and a nutrient EC meter. Hydroponic gardening is fun and with the off the shelf nutrients and there are dozens of these to choose from, it is hard to understand how difficult we try to make hydroponics work. My rule of thumb is if the plants are growing okay dont mess it up, use the KISS principle and enjoy the journey of discovering the do's and dont's .One of my latest adventures is the Kratky method , raft, or still method, no pumps no electricity, just fill with nutrients and walk away until the plants are ready to harvest.Simple and easy. I will continue the other forms of hydroponics flood and drain, drip system, and the Kratky method, who knows I may even advance to Aquaponics, but in all instances I will keep it simple and fun.
It is a terrace garden.plan to grow brinjal, ladies finger and tomato.i am trying to prepare a solution based on kratky specifications, will get back finfing out the ppm of chelated iron solution I need.as I told I am from southindia and here we have a hot climate
OK, if I understand you then want to use a typical lettuce Kratky recipe for a 'terrace garden' I'm honestly not sure what a terrace garden is but it sounds to me like non-recycling solution. Maybe in your part of the world this is more common but because I don't know, I can't try to comment on the specific application you have. Expect iron ppm to be something approximately from 1 ppm (parts per million) to 3 ppm, though. Thanks for clarifying the region, as you say, south India is mostly tropical. When I visited Shimla, N. India, though, I froze my knickers off.
Hello my friend in India, I have lived in India and understand the weather and the seasons you have.
There is no need to worry about heat as we in Australia have had 40C this week and I am running three systems which are working well. The terrace system I assume is the non recirculating method ( please correct me if I am wrong) .
If this is the case I am also growing all this items , but in the case of non recirculating I am only growing Brinjal ( Egg plant Aubergine) and is doing extremely well I am growing in a PH range of 6.5. to 7.00 and an EC range of 1.8 to 2.00 and they are throwing out growth and new roots are are very healthy. If you are using a drip system or flood and drain system please let me know as this can be a little different.
Sure Robert I will share updates.i also learned from net that the nutrient solution temperature is important better to jeep it around 25*C.is it essential to maintain that r nutrient solution can used in room temperature.i am olanning for a recirculating system only.will the temperature matter for a recirculating r non recirculsting
Hi Sundarms it really is good to know that someone in India is on this web site, as mentioned I have lived in North and South India and understand the temperature ranges plus the monsoon season and the blazing hot seasons.
I mentioned in an earlier posting that I live in Queensland Australia which also has its cyclone hot wet and dry seasons , fortunately we do do not have very cold seasons so we can grow all year long but being mindful of the seasons of what is the best crop to grow.
We have had a very dry season and hot, but in the last week we experienced the introduction of our wet season which started with temperatures getting to 40C (111.1F) this week and now with torrential downpours of rain.
I mention all this , as I have a flood and drain, with a 200 litre reservoir of nutrients, which I do not cool,nor do I have bubblers or aerators. I have attached a photo with a mixed group of plants some near maturity and some newer sowings ( Including seedlings planted yesterday) I am growing these plants outside under the roof eaves, and only on very hot days do I put a mesh to cover, ( PS I did not this week with the heat wave). I suggest with the heavy torrential rain that you may consider a covering or block screen out to cover all contingencies, but still allowing the UV and sunlight to allow normal growth.
I look forward to returning to India in the near future.
Please keep us posted and any photos as these are better than a thousand words.
Hi Sundarms it really is good to know that someone in India is on this web site, as mentioned I have lived in North and South India and understand the temperature ranges plus the monsoon season and the blazing hot seasons.
I mentioned in an earlier posting that I live in Queensland Australia which also has its cyclone hot wet and dry seasons , fortunately we do do not have very cold seasons so we can grow all year long but being mindful of the seasons of what is the best crop to grow.
We have had a very dry season and hot, but in the last week we experienced the introduction of our wet season which started with temperatures getting to 40C (111.1F) this week and now with torrential downpours of rain.
I mention all this , as I have a flood and drain, with a 200 litre reservoir of nutrients, which I do not cool,nor do I have bubblers or aerators. I have attached a photo with a mixed group of plants some near maturity and some newer sowings ( Including seedlings planted yesterday) I am growing these plants outside under the roof eaves, and only on very hot days do I put a mesh to cover, ( PS I did not this week with the heat wave). I suggest with the heavy torrential rain that you may consider a covering or block screen out to cover all contingencies, but still allowing the UV and sunlight to allow normal growth.
I look forward to returning to India in the near future.
Please keep us posted and any photos as these are better than a thousand words.
This post was edited by Robert.1943 on Thu, Jan 9, 14 at 18:01
Hi guys atlast I found a way out to prepare my own FeEDTA in10X strength in ppm it comes around 2.7 I think.i have got my nutrient stock solutions prepared.i have got my 4inch pvc tube holes drilled.i am about to mount.i have started germinating tomato nd ladiesfinger seeds.now I have ten netpots.i plan to use cocopeat and gravel as grow medium.i plan to have DWC and NFT.i want the forum to guide me the amount of nutrient solutions for these and frequency of watering.
Pupilla Charites you are the one fully conversant with chemicals maybe you can answer sundarms request.
I grow my plants as mentioned by sundarms at a ph between 6.5 and 7. and an EC between 1.6 and 2. I water my expanded clay with the ebb and flow method at about every every hour during the day for fifteen minutes and more frequently when it is very hot, during the night only once. My drip system also using expanded clay I have found 30 minutes on 30 minutes off.Using coco peat will retain moisture longer, but I would suggest trial and error to find a suitable time as temperature has a large amount of what time is suitable so your plants do not stress. Pupilla Charites this is your area of expertise .
Nutrient (salt) concentration are measured by their ability to conduct electricity through a solution. Dissolved ionic salts create electrical current in solution. The main constituent of hydroponic solutions is ionic salts. Several scales are currently used to measure how much electricity is conducted by nutrients including: Electrical Conductivity (EC), Conductivity Factor (CF), Parts Per Million (ppm), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Dissolved Solids (DS). Most American growers use ppm to measure overall fertilizer concentration. European, Australian, and New Zeland growers use EC, however they still use CF in parts of Australia and New Zeland. Parts per million is not as accurate or consistant as EC to measure nutrient solution strength.
Hi Robert and Sundar,
Thanks Robert! I'd like to help him but to be honest I think you did better than I could already with your EC ranges (if anything I prefer pH 6-6.5, but I don't touch it until it gets above 6.9 or so or below 5.8, preferring to let the system gradually change since my personal way is to avoid any adjustments until they become essential. I can add that about 7 grams solid pure fertilizer (not including water in solutions, only the solid they deliver) per each 4 liters will put you in the middle of Robert's perfect EC range and if you don't have a particular solution and are making your own, you can start with a basic Hoagland solution, which is a generic good formula for tomatoes that has been around since the beginning of modern plasticulture hydroponics. For the iron specifically 2.7 ppm sound good to me as it is slightly higher than some other veggies. Tomatoes have a somewhat higher iron requirement so a good ballpark for most of the time is about 3ppm of chelated elemental Fe.
As for frequency of watering, I don't use organic media like cocopeat since I got a wheelbarrow full of hydroton type baked clay, perlite and vermiculite taking up my limited storage space, so best to listen to Robert and others on that, but as he says, 15 minutes every hour is way to much IMO. good luck
Thats good that you can manage pH soon. I measure three things: pH, EC, and temperature. Once I decide on my fertilizer solution concentrations and can make the solution, I don't give the EC very much attention unless there has been a rain, and by using the EC I can confirm how much rain fell into the solution, but this is just fun to do and not essential for me.
At the moment where I live it is cool weather and I do not have much evaporation of water from the solution. Today was the warmest day, at a high of 19C! Warm!
On the other hand in someplace like Mysore,19C will be the humid night low temperature, but you may be a very dry 32C in the afternoon when your relative humidity can easily fall to 32% - which is a warm desert situation. At that time there will be a lot of general evaporation and transpiration of water into the air from the plants. So you will need to be sure your total solution stays a same volume of water, or the nutrients will concentrate a lot if too much water is lost into the air. That is nothing I am worried about, but your weather probably presents that situation. An EC meter can be very helpful to know for sure what is happening, but if it is difficult or expensive to get one, you can do without it as long as you start with the right fertilizer strength (and not too hard water, or not too salty if close to the coast), which will depend on your source preparation of water, and you regularly add water (or allow rain to fall in like I do) to the solution as it is lost by evaporation to maintain the same volume.
Finally, to do without an EC meter another tip is to have at least 2.5 liters per plant for light feeders and 5-6 liters per plant for heavy feeders. This will insure a larger reservoir of fertilizer is always available and it will attenuate fluctuation of EC during the cycle. You can keep it longer before changing too, which is more convenient ;)
Fe-EDTA is the worst of the three choices for a chelated iron micro-nutrient supplement when growing anything hydroponically. It is not stable at the pH range that hydroponic nutrient solution must maintain to keep a happy median balance for all the different elements to be as soluble as possible without locking any particular element out completely.
Forget FE-EDTA in water culture unless you plan on a pH range that is uncommon for hydroponics.
You may use Fe- DTPA or Fe-EDDHA. Don't take my word for it, scour the net for sources of corroborative evidence to support my claim. One such source is the product literature for the various Sprint (brand name) Fe chelate powders.
Fe-DTPA is all you need but you could also use Fe-EDDHA but it will cost slightly more. Although, Fe-EDDHA is flatline stable across a very wide pH range.


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Ark. officer dies during SWAT training
The officer complained of shortness of breath, then collapsed
By PoliceOne Staff
NORTH LITTLE ROCK, Ark. — A sheriff's deputy died Monday morning when he collapsed suddenly during SWAT training.
After complaining of shortness of breath, Hans Fifer, 32, was given oxygen by EMS and then collapsed, according to Arkansas Online. EMTs performed CPR until an ambulance arrived and brought him to a nearby hospital, where he was later pronounced dead.
"We think there may have been some underlying health issues that we weren't aware of and maybe Hans wasn't even aware of," Faulkner County sheriff Andy Shock said.
Fifer was only with the department for 3 months, and served as volunteer reserve deputy and as an officer with the Cabot Police before joining Faulkner County, according to the article.
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Traditional Apartment for 2 adults and 2 childrenMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Apartment with an outdoor pool, in Alberobello (Trulli of Alberobello)
This apartment is located in Alberobello (Trulli of Alberobello), close to Trullo Sovrano, Casa Pezzolla Territory Museum, and Oil Museum. Nearby attractions also include Craft Museum.
Property Features
Recreational amenities at Trulli Colarossa include an outdoor pool and a seasonal outdoor pool. Other amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access and free self parking.
Room Amenities
Televisions come with digital channels. Guestrooms also feature fireplaces, kitchenettes, and complimentary wireless Internet access.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Trulli Colarossa features an outdoor pool and a seasonal outdoor pool. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. A complimentary breakfast is offered each morning. For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle (available on request) is offered to guests. This Alberobello apartment also offers barbecue grills, multilingual staff, and a garden. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- Garden
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Free WiFi
- Multilingual staff
- Total number of rooms - 6
- Number of buildings/towers - 3
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Free breakfast
- Airport transportation
- Pool sun loungers
- Free self parking
- Outdoor pool
- Outdoor seasonal pool
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Sofa bed size
- Shared accommodations
- Cribs/infant beds (surcharge)
- Coffee/tea maker
- Fireplace
- Kitchenette
- Washer/dryer
- Espresso maker
- Climate control
- Sofa bed
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Bidet
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Full-sized refrigerator/freezer
- Stovetop
- Digital TV service
- Free WiFi
- Bathtub or shower
- Limited housekeeping
- Private bathroom
Where to Eat
A complimentary continental breakfast is served each morning between 8:00 AM and 9:30 AM.
Nearby Things to Do
An outdoor pool and a seasonal outdoor pool are on site.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Playground on site
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at 8 PM
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is 10:30 AM
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 1 per person, per night, up to 3 nights. This tax does not apply to children under 10 years of age.
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.


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Cannibal Ox Return With the Sharp Blade of the Ronin
Cannibal Ox were born out of a need for honesty. For MCs Vast Aire and Vordul Mega, the truth is steeped in both the good and bad, and they view their music as maintaining the equilibrium between the two. "We come from a place of knowing that if we understand balance, there's triumph within the fact that we understand and accept that life is not vacant, it's an exchange of many dynamics," says Vordul. "We are always grateful for the light that we gain."
Via Facebook Cannibal Ox
In that honesty and in that light, Can Ox have cultivated an aesthetic that can only be described as gritty and cryptic, an ode to their musical authenticity. And also an ode to New York.More »


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Winnipeg, MB
7°c Clear
Winnipeg Free Press - ONLINE EDITION
Posted: 10/5/2013 9:34 AM | Comments: 0
Southern Manitoba is not quite ready for the winter chill yet.
That's the takeaway from the Environment Canada forecast today, as things looks to warm up over the next couple days once again.
For Saturday, look for mainly sunny skies, a cool wind from the northeast and a high of only 12 C but after that, the daytime temperatures are expected to be in the low to high teens.
Sunday and Monday should see mainly sunny skies and highs around 17 C. Tuesday's forecast looks to be warmer, with initial projections calling for sunshine and 19 C.
The nights will be cool, though; a reminder of what's coming in the next few months. Tonight's low is expected to fall below zero.
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Portage La Prairie crash under investigation
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Ethics commissioner dismisses counter-complaint Vic Toews made against Pat Martin
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Welcome to our cowardly new world order
City to use smoke bombs to control gopher population
Manitoba Hydro has spent $31 million on Conawapa station since report calling for spending to stop
Sentencing today for driver in crash that killed two students
Mayor Bowman target of online post inciting people to attack him; police examining situation
Police seek girl, 13, missing a month
Agricultural fertilizing can begin early: province
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Mining firm, enviros in defamation court fight
Avalanche warning out for Rockies, parts of B.C.
Manitoba premier apologizes to First Nation
Warm today, but frigid Thursday
Rally against Bill C-51 to be held in Osborne Village
Obama: Canadian oil 'extraordinarily dirty'
Alberta, N.W.T. sign deal on Mackenzie River
Cars in CN train derail in southern Manitoba
Obama again whips up recipe for healthy kids
Grieving dad awaits report on deaths
Councillor to seek Conservative nod
If this were a joke, it would be funny
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Liberals set to roll out federal-election ads
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We pledge to not blab to the media
Pal spins a squirrelly story
Annual Litter Index reveals Winnipeg's messiest streets
U of M workers brace for more job cuts
Tax breaks to cost public $7.7B per year: report
Winnipeg students to compete in U.S. ethics bowl
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The Mighty Kindness Harvest Hootenanny offers a free full day of family friendly fun with music, vendors, art, activities and more on Saturday October 27, 2012 from noon to 6 p.m. at the water front park near Tumbleweed.
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Upgrade your geek with Dwight Silverman
Posts filtered on Category
How does your PC stack up?
A reader who recently built his own PC e-mailed a good question: Now that the rig is up and running, how do I check to see if I am getting all that I paid for out of my system? I have a dual core chip with by all accounts one of the best MBs and […] [Read More]
Build your own sub-$1,000 PC
I've long been a proponent for building your own PC, not as a way to save money — because you probably won't — but as a way to have complete control over the design of your personal system. It's also a great way to have fun and learn more about how computers work. I wrote […] [Read More]
Another travelling tip
When in the Tampa airport, no need to sit next to the elite-flyers' lounges to scarf free WiFi. The airport's own WiFi here is free! In Houston's airports, you pay $10 for a day's access — even though most folks are only there for a few hours at most. Tampa does it right. [Read More]
A little WiFi travelling tip
Did you know if you sit outside the elite-flyers clubs of some airlines, you can connect free to their WiFi networks for some quick Internet access? Now you do. [Read More]
Follow-up: Shut up, you noisy PC!
Thanks to everyone who offered excellent suggestions for dropping the decibel level on my noisy desktop computer. My post inspired another blogger, Adam Drake at Political Apathy, to give some detailed strategies for quieting things down. I'll use the best of the comments and Adam's post to attack this problem over the next couple of […] [Read More]
Firefox's 'memory leak' isn't
Firefox is an excellent browser, and until Internet Explorer 7 is released, it's the best available. But it has one irritating problem. The longer you leave it open and running, the more memory it consumes. This problem has been dubbed a "memory leak" by techies and declared a bug. But as the hoary old geek […] [Read More]
Get Gmail's chat outta yer face
In keeping with today's theme of undoing annoying software . . . During Technology Bytes last night, HelpLine's Jay Lee was complaining that the new Gmail chat feature was getting in the way. Every time a user's cursor hovers over one of the Quick Contact entries or a sender's name in the inbox, information about […] [Read More]
Ghosts of floppies past
When I built my current PC, I decided to take the oh-so-bold step of not including a floppy drive. I worried a bit that I'd miss having it, but that's not been the case, particularly with the advent of USB thumb drives. However, I was reminded of one irksome part of that decision when I […] [Read More]
Everything you know is wrong
As pointed out in the intro to this on Digg, it's an old item, but still worth reading: Busting the Biggest PC Myths from PC World. Although it originally appeared in August 2004, most of the information is still good. Among the myths busted: • Magnets zap your data (false, except for floppy discs). • […] [Read More]
Hard drive dead? Try Knoppix
Found on Digg: A very easy-to-understand tutorial on how to use Knoppix, a Linux distribution, to recover data on a non-booting Windows hard drive. Yeah, I know, for many Windows users, the notion of using Linux is intimidating. But this walkthrough is quite friendly, with plain-English, step-by-step instructions. The executive summary: Insert a bootable Knoppix […] [Read More]
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I want to unit test a RESTful interface written with Apache CXF.
I use a ServletContext to load some resources, so I have:
private ServletContext servletContext;
If I deploy this on Glassfish, the ServletContext is injected and it works like expected. But I don't know how to inject the ServletContext in my service class, so that I can test it with a JUnit test.
I use Spring 3.0, JUnit 4, CXF 2.2.3 and Maven.


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Spyder Fusion GORE-TEX® Mittens (Women's)
Product Details
Style: 083854
The Spyder Fusion Gore Mittens for women are highly-waterproof, insulated gauntlet mitts that are perfect for big mountain adventures. These warm and durable mittens feature a GORE-TEX® HP waterproof, breathable insert to keep your hands dry and 150g insulation to keep them cozy and warm. A zippered heater pocket lets you add even more warmth if you choose. The full-length gauntlet cuff shields you from drafts and moisture intrusion.
- 2-Way stretch twill weave with XT.L 10K waterproofing
- Spylon water-repellent finish
- 150g Thinsulate insulation
- Water-resistant drum-dyed leather palm
- Soft chamude nose wipe on thumb
- Adjustable wrist cinch
- Brushed tricot lining
Questions and Answers
ASK A QUESTION Got questions about this product? Ask them here. Got questions about anything else? Please see our FAQ.
User Reviews
Stylish but not functional Rated: 3/5
Not that warm but nice style.
-From: emoritz from The Internets on Sun, 02/01/2009 - 08:58am
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Thrush Alternative Medicine
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Get the Facts
Candidiasis (Thrush)... What Is Thrush? Can It Be Prevented? How Is It Treated? Natural Therapies The Bottom Line What Is Thrush? Candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection in people with HIV. It is an infection caused by a common type of yeast
Ask the Experts
Thrush without HIVCan you get thrush and not be HIV positive?
Response from Ewald Horwath, M.D.
University of Miami School of Medicine...Yes, but thrush tends to occur only in people who have some type of immune impairment. Read more »
thrush not treatedwhat problems can occur if thrush is not treated? I'm constantly challenged with thrush, even after I get treated with Difucan and Clotrimazole. Does it affect other systems in the body?
Response from Judith Feinberg, M.D.
University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine...If thrush is not treated, it can extend into the esophagus and cause candida infection there. Candida esophagitis can be severe enough Read more »
thrush, thrush!!!!!!!!!THANK YOU FOR YOUR RESPONSE, IT HELPED ALOT. I HAVE BEEN TAKING ATRIPLA BUT NOW HAVE THRUSH SINCE I STARTED TAKING THE MEDS. IS THE MED NOT WORKING OR HOW LONG BEFORE I SEE ANY IMPROVEMENT. BESIDES ATRIPLA I AM TAKING,CLOTRIMAXOLE LOZENGES AND...
Response from Eric Daar, M.D.
UCLA School of Medicine...It would be very unusual for thrush to develop while on therapy and then not respond to the medications you are taking. The first thing I would suggest is that Read more »
thrush healthyIf your healthy are you still able to get thrush?
Response from Keith Henry, M.D.
University of Minnesota, School of Medicine...Occasionally some otherwise healthy patients can get thrush when taking an antibiotic which can suppress normal bacteria. Read more »
Fungal Infections...long-term basis, but this can lead to drug-resistant Candida that is more difficult to treat. Candidiasis of the Mouth (Thrush) Whitish coating of the tongue and/or the inside of the cheeks Usually occurs with CD4 cell count less... Read more »
Alternative and Complementary Therapies...health care provider know about the therapies you are using. For more information, see the web site of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine at http://nccam.nih.gov/ . Read more »
Chinese Acupuncture...that acupuncture has helped them. For More Information For more information, see the web site of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/acupuncture/ . Read more »
Chinese Herbalism...other therapies, including ARVs. You can get some information on individual herbs at the web site of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, http://nccam.nih.gov/health/herbsataglance.htm . It is always a good idea to let... Read more »
Connect With Others
causes for thrush?
Posted by Anonymous, 5 Replies...have tested negative for HIV twice in the last 6 months but am not sure if the tests were accurate as I continue to have oral thrush. I know it's thrush because I keep scraping it off and it grows right back, also it looks like all the pictures... Read more »
Thrush on bum?
Posted by Anonymous, 2 Replies...I have been feeling some discomfort this week in my bum area which could be thrush I think. I was wondering whether thrush appearing there might be a sign that I have HIV? Read more »
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...Does anyone have information about Thrush and asthma inhalers Read more »
Traditional Chinese Medicine and AIDS
Posted by Anonymous, 1 ReplyAndrographis Paniculata has been used for hundreds of years in China and India to fight off colds, flu and respiratory infections. There is some tantalizing evidence that suggests it may also help fight the AIDS virus. A study was done in 1988... Read more »
Resource Centers
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In a tremendous charitable gesture, Oklahoma City Thunder forward, Kevin Durant, has donated $1 million to the Red Cross for tornado relief effort in Oklahoma.
"The Red Cross relies on its donors to perform its mission in relieving human suffering following disasters," regional CEO Janienne Bella said in a press release. "Mr. Durant's gift and support to Oklahoma comes at a time of great need and we're forever thankful for his generosity."
@kdtrey5 steps forward and gives $1mil matching gift to the ARC for disaster relief, text "REDCROSS" to 90999 for a $10 donation.
— Red Cross Oklahoma (@redcrossokc) May 21, 2013
Pingback: Kevin Durant Answers Calls At Oklahoma's Red Cross | Beyond The Buzzer
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Tiffany Springs Campground
This campground has 6 campsites with picnic tables and fire rings. One toilet facility services the site. No water or garbage service is available, please pack out garbage. A nice camping area, although...[more]
From C o n c o n u l l y take County Road #2017 southwest around C o n c o n u l l y Reservoir for approximately 3 miles to the junction with Forest Service Road #37. Travel Forest Service Road #37 for about 21 miles to the junction with Forest Service Road # 39. Turn right onto the Forest Service Road #39 and travel north 8 miles to the entrance of Tiffany Springs Campground on the left. Trailers are not recommended due to road conditions.
Additional InformationWashington State Tourism>Washington State Road Conditions>
Weather InformationNational Weather Service (NOAA)


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Gold Is Money: A Bet on Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold
Posted by: Roger Conrad (IP Logged)
Date: May 10, 2012 03:39PM
For centuries, the yellow metal has been viewed as a store of wealth. Unlike dollars, euros or yen, gold can't be printed or created out of thin air.
Gold is a proven hedge against inflation; it's also a hedge against crises. During the Great Recession of 2008-09, the worst economic downturn since the 1930s, gold prices rallied from $840 per ounce at the end of 2007 to over $1,200 by the end of 2009, even though inflation over this period remained subdued.
A sharp correction in gold prices in late 2011 was partly driven by financial institutions selling their gold to raise cash. However, the European Central Bank's long-term refinancing operation — low-cost, three-year loans to European banks — eased financial institutions' need to sell gold.
Uncertainty surrounding the upcoming US presidential election, fading seasonal tailwinds and a still-evolving EU debt crisis will limit US economic growth. There's a strong chance the Federal Reserve will announce a third round of quantitative easing in the second half of 2012; the past two rounds of Fed money printing have proved bullish for gold.
All investors should hold at least a portion of their assets in gold, either in physical gold or the SPDR Gold Trust Shares (GLD) exchange-traded fund.
Investors also shouldn't ignore gold mining stocks. The Philadelphia Gold & Silver Index, which tracks the performance of large-capitalization gold mining names, trades near an all-time low relative to the price of gold bullion. In addition, mining stocks fetch an average of less than three times sales, a discount to their long-term average of five times. This is an excellent time to accumulate positions in gold mining firms with the potential to grow their output over the next few years.
Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold (FCX) is that rare mining stock which pays a generous and rising dividend. Most encouraging, the 25 percent increase in the May 1 payment—as with the 66 percent boost the year before and the 100 percent hike the year before—reflect the company's relentless and successful expansion as much as a robust price environment.
First-quarter output of gold, copper and molybdenum—a key element for high-test steel—was somewhat lower than a year ago. This shortfall stemmed from the temporary suspension of operations at the Grasberg mine in Indonesia, which cut copper production by approximately 80 million pounds and gold by 125,000 ounces.
Without this disruption, the company's metal production would have held steady with year-ago levels. The company is still on target to boost annual copper production by 25 percent over the next three to four years and boasts one of the most efficient cost structures among its peers.
Successful mine development prompted management to lift the first-quarter dividend by 25 percent, despite near-term softening in the market for its primary products. The company's realized selling price for the red metal during the quarter was $3.82, roughly 11 percent below last year's take. Realized prices for molybdenum were 15 percent lower. Gold prices surged 28 percent from year-ago levels, though the price of this precious metal has retreated from the $1,694 per ounce it fetched during the first quarter.
Looking ahead to the rest of 2012, the company expects production costs to rise as it pushes ahead with new development and restores output from its Grasberg mine to normal levels. That's induced management to reduce its cash flow forecast to $4.2 billion, while increasing expected capital spending to $4.3 billion for the year.
Increasing costs, coupled with investor uncertainty about China's economy, have pushed Freeport shares down to a new trading range in the upper 30s, from a level in the upper 40s earlier this year and a high of nearly 60 in late 2010.
These price fluctuations are normal for a company that produces natural resources. However, investors have the opportunity to buy the world's fastest-growing major resource company with diminishing political risk and a strong balance sheet at its lowest price since the 2008-09 recession.
The stock provides income, growth and a potential hedge against inflation.
Re Gold Is Money A Bet on Freeport-McMoRan Copper Gold
Posted by: superguru (IP Logged)
Date: May 10, 2012 10:34PM
miner stocks and gold/comodities can move in opposite directions. any ideas why?
Re Gold Is Money A Bet on Freeport-McMoRan Copper Gold
Posted by: Patience Investing, Inc. (IP Logged)
Date: May 11, 2012 01:26AM
Charlie Munger told CNBC about gold as investment last Friday, the day before the Berkshire annual meeting:
"Gold is a great thing to sew into your garments if you're a Jewish family in Vienna in 1939,but I think civilized people don't buy gold, they invest in productive businesses"
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text: 'Commander in Chief': A Woman's White House September 27, 2005 Oscar winner Geena Davis stars in the new ABC program Commander in Chief as the first female president of the United States. Television critic Andrew Wallenstein says the series, which premieres Tuesday night, offers an interesting mix of The West Wing and family drama. Listen Loading… Download Playlist


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Lots and Land - Atoka, TN
For more information, contact Mary Ann Tapp at (901) 573-2832. Visit http://www.crye-leike.com/memphis/3229664 to view more pictures of this property. One look and you'll know where you want your dream home. 2.38 acres with over 350' of road frontage. Front heavily treed (marketable timber) back-open land. Mother nature provides the beautiful landscaping. Public water & electricity available.
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Please call at View Phone Number .
Data Provided by:
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Arbor Fish Koa Pin LongboardView Larger Image
Thanks to the compact-pin shape and moderate concave, Arbor's Fish Koa Longboard walks (rolls?) the line between maneuverability and stability. The extended wheelbase encourages confidence at speed, while the nimble shape lets you react quickly to unpredictable things like traffic, stray animals, and little old ladies crossing the street.
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Schitt's Creek | Mar 31, 2015
Johnny finds a potential buyer for the town, while David and Alexis discover they may have become more attached to Schitt's Creek than they ever thought possible.
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Gerry's star player is being scouted by Syracuse University, and Gerry wants to come along as part of a package deal. Robert is selling tickets to his upcoming play, and Malik is spreading the love with his magical 20-second hugs.
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Welcome to The National, the flagship nightly newscast of CBC News, hosted by Peter Mansbridge.
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Interior décor lessons from the Trump Hotel, DIY Easter eggs, celebrity health myths busted, and Taylor Kaye goes on a friend date.
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While pursuing a sequential killer who collects macabre trophies from his victims, Murdoch becomes a target.


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Our wide range of backgrounds and experiences make Purple unique. Here's our blog celebrating our different perspectives with original, insightful prose on today's constantly changing world.
Welcome to the first in our new blog series, The Purple Roundup, where we gather interesting thoughts from some of our Purple people on the latest in news and pop culture.
Founding partner John Donovan has been named creative director emeritus.
One year out from the New Hampshire primary, Purple Insights released a poll exploring the attitudes of Granite State voters.
The Beatles' first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show was groundbreaking, skyrocketing the Fab Four to American stardom. Was it the first truly "viral" event? Cynthia Case explores what it means to go viral and whether or not it's a worthy goal for today's brands.
Former Congressman Tim Griffin has joined the firm as senior advisor for communications and growth strategies.
Over the past year, we have grown our client list and bolstered our talent and service offerings. Take a look back at some of our successes of 2014.
In 2014, we continued our ongoing exploration of Walmart Moms, conducting three national surveys and six focus groups, including focus groups in Senate battleground states in the run-up to the midterms.
In partnership with Bloomberg Politics and Saint Anselm College, Purple Insights released the first New Hampshire 2016 election poll.


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'Onion' Photo Pokes Fun At Outgoing Energy Secretary
Originally published on Fri February 8, 2013 12:28 pm
Good morning, I'm David Greene with this headline: "Hung-over Energy Secretary Wakes Up Next to Solar Panel." It's a fake story from The Onion, with a doctored photo showing Secretary Steven Chu in bed with a solar panel. Chu played along. On Facebook, he said he won't confirm or deny the charges, but clarified his recent announcement that he's stepping down is unrelated.
He even gave a plug to the energy source, saying: It's no surprise lots of Americans are falling in love with solar.
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District of Kentucky Other Statutes Cases
Antitrust Cases, Dockets and Filings
Cases filed
Cases 1 - 10 of 34
Campbell County Auto Body, Inc. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company et al
as 2:2014cv00189
Defendant: Travelers Property Casualty Company of America , The Travelers Home and Marine Insurance Company , Grange Property & Casualty Insurance Company and others
Plaintiff: Campbell County Auto Body, Inc.
Cause Of Action: Antitrust Litigation
General Electric Company v. Whirlpool Corporation et al
as 3:2013cv00213
Defendant: ACC USA, LLC, Danfoss Flensburg GmbH, Danfoss, LLC and others
Plaintiff: General Electric Company
Cause Of Action: Clayton Act
Bleid Sports, LLC v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
as 5:2012cv00374
Plaintiff: Bleid Sports, LLC
Defendant: National Collegiate Athletic Association
Cause Of Action: Fed. Question: Anti-trust
Ridge v. Anthem Health Plans of Kentucky, Inc. et al
as 3:2012cv00636
Defendant: Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association , WellPoint, Inc. , Anthem Health Plans of Kentucky, Inc.
Plaintiff: Donald Ridge
Cause Of Action: Antitrust Litigation
Perales v. United States of America et al
as 5:2012cv00075
Defendant: United States of America, Commonwealth of Kentucky
Plaintiff: Azael Dythian Perales
Cause Of Action: Racketeering (RICO) Act
Brown et al v. Student Loan X-Press et al
as 5:2011cv00090
Plaintiff: Kent Brown , Eric Zeller
Defendant: Student Loan X-Press, Paul Maynard Hendrick, John Doe and others
Cause Of Action: Antitrust Litigation
Shamrock Marketing, Inc. v. Bridgestone Bandag, LLC
as 3:2010cv00074
Plaintiff: Shamrock Marketing, Inc., Shamrock Marketing, Inc.
Defendant: Bridgestone Bandag, LLC
Cause Of Action: Fed. Question: Anti-trust
Plaintiff v. Defendant
as 2:2010cv00020
Plaintiff: Plaintiff v. Defendant
Defendant: Plaintiff v. Defendant and others
Cause Of Action: Fair Labor Standards Act
Bigg v. Guitar Center, Inc. et al
as 3:2009cv00869
Plaintiff: Ryan J. Bigg, Ryan J. Bigg, Ryan J. Bigg
Defendant: Guitar Center, Inc., National Association of Music Merchants, Inc.
Cause Of Action: Fed. Question: Anti-trust
Type: Other Statutes Plaintiff
Midwest Agency Services, Inc. v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. et al
as 2:2009cv00165
Plaintiff: Midwest Agency Services, Inc., Midwest Agency Services, Inc.
Defendant: JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., Chase Auto Finance Corp., Chase Insurance Agency, Inc.
Cause Of Action: Antitrust Litigation
Type: Other Statutes Plaintiff


text:
Video lottery sites might get 15 machines
PIERRE -- The state Senate proved to be friendlier Wednesday to video lottery.
Senators voted 22-10 in favor of allowing establishments to have 15 of the gambling machines.
The limit since 1989 has been 10. The additional machines would need to use new technology, according to Sen. Dan Lederman, R-Dakota Dunes.
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Hiromitsu OTAWA, Hiroyoshi KINOSHITA
Released: December 04, 2014
The purpose of this study was to invent an instructional method to develop "Scientific Competencies" through a unit for lower secondary school students. The instructional method we devised focuses on "the ability to identify scientific issues" in "Scientific Competencies".In this method, students do the following four learning activities in the unit of "Changes in biological and animal life".First, students learn to appreciate issues in biology and zoology that are not researchable. Second, students judge whether the issue is researchable or not. Third, students identify the necessary information that they need to solve the issue. Fourth, students plan an experiment to help solve the issue.The instructional method was performed in classes in order to investigate its effectiveness. The respondents were 81 lower secondary school students.Based on the students' writings on questionnaires for the classes, we conclude that our method can improve their ability to judge whether an issue is researchable or not, which is an important part of the ability to identify scientific issues.
Shinya OGINO, Toru KIRYU, Yoshihiko KUBOTA
This study involves research and analysis on the ability of reading composite graphs used for learning about solubility and includes both bar charts and graph curve charts. The field survey covering seventh and eighth grade students shows that even students who learned about composite graphs have difficulty understanding some aspects of them, such as reading the difference between the bar graphs and the solubility curves. The result of the analysis also found that poor understanding of the meaning of bar graphs or solubility curves could be a factor that makes it harder to understand composite graphs. We therefore gave a practice lesson in seventh grade. In the lesson, we introduced activities through an experiment so that students would create a solubility curve, which helped their understanding of the area or surface separated by the solubility curve. The result shows that a lesson including the activities has a positive effect for 88% students on developing their ability to read composite graphs.
Hiroyoshi KINOSHITA, Takashi NAKAYAMA, Shingo YAMANAKA
This study intended to devise a method of teaching science to foster critical thinking skills in elementary school students and to verify the effect of this method through teaching practice. In order to achieve this, a method of teaching was devised whereby children are first encouraged to critically think about the ideas and thoughts of others and then encouraged to create their own ideas and thoughts based on this thinking experience. A "Question Burger Sheet" was also devised as a tool for embodying this teaching. Then, a lesson about the rules of the pendulum was taught to a class of 62 fifth-grade elementary school students in order to verify the effect of the teaching method.The results clearly indicated that the devised teaching method contributed to fostering critical thinking skills, whereby the children reflect on the experimental procedures and predict the outcome of the experiment based on their clear rationale.
Yoshiyuki GUNJI
In upper secondary chemistry textbooks in Japan, sulfur dioxide has mainly been described as a raw material used in the sulfuric acid industry. However, the chemical has also caused pollution-related diseases. The tendency of sulfur dioxide from manufacturing processes to cause pollution-related diseases has been written about in scientific literature since the 1970s. This paper points out changes in the descriptions of sulfur dioxide that have appeared in upper secondary chemistry textbooks in order to identify the characteristics of "chemical industry" teaching materials in Japan's upper secondary science curriculum.Changing descriptions of sulfur dioxide in the textbooks are analyzed in terms of (1) industrial usages, (2) pollution problems or environmental issues, (3) its impact on the human body (toxicity), and (4) its relationship to derivative technology.The analysis reveals that textbooks in the 1940s labeled sulfur dioxide as a pollutant derived from copper mines. Then the chemical was described in relation to the petrochemical industry, pollution-related diseases, and environmental issues such as acid rain. Recent descriptions connect it to derivative and emerging technology (for example, desulfurization equipment) and recycled products (for example, plaster board).
Yuichiro SAITO, Rinnya ONOSE, Issey SUZUKI
In this research, we analyzed the effectiveness of making an animation by children in consideration of the topic "phase transition of water" in science classes. As a result, we found that children could successfully construct scientific concepts of "kinetic theory of gases" through the application of ICT devices and the following findings were revealed:1. Making an animation to represent the vibration and velocity of water molecules is more sophisticated than drafting stationary pictures.2. Children could easily understand the "phase transition of water" based on the "kinetic theory of gases" through making an animation which shows water molecules' behavior continuously in the series of water's three phases.3. Teachers have to scaffold the children through the discussion theme and the usage of ICT devices depending on the case.
Toshinobu HATANAKA, Shinichiro TAKAMATSU
La main à la pâte Foundation (LAMAP) is a French organization established in 1996, which has been working both domestically and internationally on qualitative improvement in science education by introducing inquiry-based science education (IBSE). This paper describes the international activities of LAMAP, based on the qualitative data, which included authors' experiences, interviews and observations during the 4th International Seminar, as well as handouts and documents published on their website, in order to discuss the implications on the Japanese international educational cooperation in science. The international activities were as follows: LAMAP plays the lead role in the IBSE-related projects in Europe, conducts international seminars, shares its educational resources, and conducts training programs with other countries and institutions worldwide. Forty nine non-European Educators from all over the world participated in LAMAP's international seminar in 2013, which included workshops, lectures, presentations, and school visits over 6 days. Active interaction among participants was encouraged. The seminar introduced IBSE, emphasized language and recording during inquiry, and highlighted integration of science and technology. The program of the seminar was based on LAMAP's past projects and experiences. However, from observations and interviews, it was found that the knowledge and skills that should be obtained and mastered by IBSE learners were unclear. Based on the analyses, if Japan aims to introduce IBSE in international cooperation in science education, there are needs to construct a Japanese IBSE framework, set good practices for IBSE activities, and clarify systems or factors that actualize IBSE in Japan. For the worldwide transmission and distribution of information, establishing a multilingual website and utilize existing regional consortia in Southeast Asian and African regions could be useful.
Tsuneyasu FUKUTA, Shoju TONISHI
Scientific theories contain many propositions composed on the basis of the logic, i.e. the relationships among the theories. Such propositions cannot be confirmed by facts from experimentation and/or observation.The existence of ions cannot be seen, but it is a very important concept for learners studying chemistry. However, it is very difficult for the junior high students to commit to the concept of the existence of ions, because there is a theoretical gap between some observed facts and their existence.The purpose of this study is to have students commit to the idea of the existence of ions. In this study, the theory of Quine's Holism was applied as the strategy of the classroom lesson. The students could commit to the idea of the existence of ions when the theoretical network of electrolysis, Volta's battery, and the neutralization of acid and alkali were connected to each other by sharing the concept of ions on the concept map. The learners could successfully understand the ion as a pragmatic tool to explain their observations.
Naoki MIYAMOTO
In this study, I aimed to determine the importance of sharing hypotheses among students in a science class where the cause-and-effect relationship is considered. Further, I aimed to examine the use of hypothesis sharing in data interpretation to determine the teacher's perception of the lesson plan. In a case in which the lesson involved compounds of copper and oxygen, the study arrived at the following four findings: (1) Students understood the relationship between a class to conduct hypothesis sharing and data interpretation. (2) It was easier for students in a class to conduct hypothesis sharing than to construct unique hypotheses individually in order to interpret the data by using the cause-and-effect relationship. (3) As hypothesis sharing involves the cause-and-effect relationship, for data interpretation, it was easier for students to procure data with correct evidence on the mass ratio between copper and oxygen. (4) As hypothesis sharing involves the cause-and-effect relationship, it was easier for students to correctly interpret anomalous data and construct graphs of the proportional relation by using such data than via unique hypotheses.
Takayuki YAMADA, Tatsushi KOBAYASHI
The purpose of this study is to clarify the causal model of factors affecting the hypothesis setting ability in science of elementary school students and, further, to obtain suggestions for devising teaching methods.In order to achieve this purpose, first, a 45-item questionnaire survey was conducted on 322 6th grade students, and the following five factors that affect "the hypothesis setting ability" were identified: "rich in natural experiences", "favor of science", "favor of arithmetic", "interested in nature/science and technology", "confidence in science". Next, "the hypothesis setting ability" was evaluated regarding two aspects: "the identification of variables" and "the recognition of causal relationships". The students' answers were scored, and a path diagram was drawn and analyzed using these seven variables. As a result, the following six findings were obtained:① "Interested in nature/science and technology" co-varied with "rich in natural experiences", being at the initial stage of causal relationships that affects "the identification of variables".② "Interested in nature/science and technology" and "rich in natural experiences" directly affected "confidence in science".③ "Favor of science" were affected by "interested in nature/science and technology" and "rich in natural experiences", and directly affected "favor of arithmetic".④ "Favor of arithmetic" were affected by "interested in nature/science and technology" and "favor of science", and directly affected "confidence in science".⑤ "Confidence in science" were affected by "interested in nature/science and technology", "rich in natural experiences" and "favor of arithmetic", and directly affected "the identification of variables".⑥ "The identification of variables" strong directly affected "the recognition of causal relationships".Based on these findings, in order to improve the hypothesis setting ability in science of elementary school students, it was possible to obtain the bases and suggestions which support the possibility of guidance in order to foster students' ability to identify variables from natural phenomena, recognize them as causal relationships, and construct hypotheses expressed in sentences.
Makiko TAKAYAMA, Asami OHNUKI
The concept mapping method was used as a study tool to understand more about the concept groups relating to the continuity of life at the end of the study of "Reproduction and Development of Animals" in Biology I in high school. This practice was performed three times from 2010 to 2012. In the first practice, 18.1% of the learners could not notice the connections between different learning units and could not make a complete map using whole concepts of the study (level 1). Therefore, in the second and third practices, a teacher instructed learners to create one concept map using all the concept labels. As a result, it was found that 96.3% of the learners in the second practice and 100% of the learners in the third practice were able to connect the concept labels between different learning units and complete a map (level 2). Only 1% of maps from the learners of the first practice showed the continuity of life cycle concepts (level 3), but it was present in 80% of maps form the second and third practices. From the analysis of the learners' feedback, it was evident that the learners noticed and understood the meaning of the activities much more successfully when concept group mapping was utilized.
1 - 10 / 10 Articles.
Edited and published by : Society of Japan Science Teaching Produced and listed by : Nakanishi Printing Co., Ltd.


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