text:
The Big Pine Warriors were coming off a tough loss to Lee Vining; the Eagles were coming off their own Homecoming loss to Trona.
Both teams are young, but the Eagles had the advantages of numbers over the tough, tenacious 9-man WarriorsŌĆÖ squad.
Big Pine didnŌĆÖt deliver the win, but they put up some good numbers in the second half, ending the game with a spectacular TD pass from Kelby Chirrick to Jacob Bacoch in the end zone and following up with the 2-point conversion for a final score of 48-16.
The Big Pine Lady Warriors gave the Homecoming crowd a little bit of everything Saturday morning in their re-match with the Lee Vining Lady Tigers. But most important, the young volleyball team got the win.
The Warriors had to fight back from a 5-point deficit early in game one for the 25-19 win. Game two turned into a nail-biter with Big Pine ahead by 13 before the Tigers poured on a series of points runs before the Warriors put the win to bed at 25-20. Big Pine hit the wall in game three, losing 18-25 before matching the Tigers point for point in game four and pulling out a 25-22 win.
The Lone Pine Lady Golden Eagles volleyball team kept Friday night exciting on home court. Faced with the CIF number nine Vasquez Mustangs, the Eagles swept in three close games.
ŌĆ£We put together a solid team effort,ŌĆØ said coach Mel Joseph. ŌĆ£We found our rhythm early and took advantage of Vasquez miscues.ŌĆØ
Lone Pine used an aggressive attacking game that kept the Mustangs scrambling. ŌĆ£We made our share of mistakes,ŌĆØ said Joseph, ŌĆ£but the girls never gave in to them.ŌĆØ
Football, Varsity
Friday, Oct. 11 at Desert, 50-34 loss
details in ThursdayŌĆÖs sports page
Friday, Oct. 18 at Cal City, 7 p.m.
Football, JV
Friday, Oct. 11 at Desert, 50-19 win
Friday, Oct. 18 at Cal City, 4 p.m.
Volleyball, Varsity
Thursday, Oct. 10 at Cal City, 3-0 win
Tuesday, Oct. 15 at home against Frazier
Thursday, Oct. 17 at home against Kern Valley
Volleyball, JV
Thursday, Oct. 10 at Cal City, 2-0 win
Tuesday, Oct. 15 at home against Frazier, 4 p.m.
Thursday, Oct. 17 at home against Kern Valley
Cross Country
ŌĆ£We went into the Cal City Tournament with high expectations of being competitive,ŌĆØ Bishop Lady BroncosŌĆÖ varsity volleyball coach Linda Frigerio said.
Not only was this expectation met, but also exceeded, when the Broncos went undefeated both for the Friday pool games and the tournament itself on Saturday.
The Big Pine Lady Warriors volleyball squad headed over the mountain Tuesday and came home with a win over the Beatty Hornets.
ŌĆ£Both teams played really well,ŌĆØ said Big Pine coach Shelly Snoderly. ŌĆ£The Warriors just wanted it more.ŌĆØ
Gena Lewis started the Warriors out with a 4-point lead and 1 ace in game one. The lead went to 8-5 with Sienna Gutierrez at the service line.
The Hornets tried to hang in, according to Snoderly, but Erin Lind and Anna Huston were serving aces. The Warriors were ahead 17-10 when Gutierrez laid down 4 more points for Big Pine.
Tuesday night in Lone Pine was a total scream-fest. The Lone Pine Lady Golden Eagles took on the Silver Valley Trojans in a marathon volleyball match that went down to the fifth and final tie-breaking game.
The Eagles lost, by a hair, in a match that should bode well for this season. Lone Pine hit 90 of its 94 serves with 14 aces; the teamŌĆÖs passing kept the Trojans scrambling throughout the match.
ŌĆ£We played a great overall match, team-wise,ŌĆØ said coach Mel Joseph. ŌĆ£At times our hesitation and communication getting to balls allowed the opposition to stay in the match.ŌĆØ
The Lone Pine Eagles and head football coach John Kane learned a lot about the team in Tonopah, Nev. last Friday.
They learned they could play hard for nearly four hours.
They figured out the younger players could step up when two of the seniors were sidelined with injuries.
They now know theyŌĆÖve got an offensive line to be reckoned with.
OK, the Eagles fell to the Tonopah Muckers, 65-45, in an epic game that was prolonged in the final minutes by penalty calls by meticulous referees. But those bright spots Kane saw in the teamŌĆÖs season opening loss were amplified in game two.
Last Sunday night, the Tri-County Fairgrounds main arena was not the place to be if you were a telephone pole. Drivers at this yearŌĆÖs Destruction Derby, the climax of the 2013 Fair, showed no respect for the barriers that defined the crash zone. The poles were sent flying, powered over, used as a wedge for a spectacular near roll-over, served as a fulcrum to trap cars and generally abused. During the Powder Puff heat, Trica Weatherford blasted sideways over the poles, circled the track to re-enter at the west end and went on to win the heat.
The Bishop BroncosŌĆÖ football squad looks to maintain its phenomenal run of big games, taking the Whittier Christian Heralds apart with a 41-6 win.
ŌĆ£Overall this was a solid game to start the season,ŌĆØ said coach Arnie Palu. ŌĆ£Several sophomores have not missed a workout or practice since closing out the 2012 season. The freshmen have come on board following the sophomores leadership. As a staff we are blessed to coach this very dedicated group that is seeing their hard work and disciple pay off on the field.ŌĆØ


text:
Book this hotel and collect nights after your stay
Situated in Sapphire, Foxhunt at Sapphire Valley is in the mountains and close to Sapphire National Golf Club and The Village Green. Additional area attractions include Whiteside Mountain and Gorges State Park.
Property Features.
Foxhunt at Sapphire Valley has a golf course, an indoor pool, and a health club. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available in public areas. Complimentary self parking is available onsite for guests.
Rooms open to balconies. Amenities in air-conditioned guestrooms at Foxhunt at Sapphire Valley include fireplaces and ceiling fans. Complimentary wireless high-speed Internet access is provided. Bathrooms offer jetted bathtubs. All units at this 3.5-star condo have kitchens with full-sized refrigerators/freezers and separate dining areas.
The check-in office is inside the Red Bird Golf Links shop, located directly across Highway 64 through the Sapphire Valley Master Association entrance at 127 Cherokee Trail, Sapphire, NC 28774.
Contact information is provided in the reservation confirmation email.
This property does not have elevators.
|Things to do
|Home comforts
|Sleep well
|Things to enjoy
|Freshen up
|Stay connected
|Food and drink
This property does not have elevators.
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
We are now watching this hotel on your travel dates
( - )

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Sierra Designs Women's DriDown
Baffled Parka features treated 800-fill duck down insulation to provide maximum
warmth for everything from winter backpacking to climbing to wear around town
in the coldest winter weather conditions.
The Sierra Designs Women's Stretch
DriDown Hoody features treated 800-fill down insulation and stretch fabrics to
provide a high level of warmth for everything from winter backpacking to wear
around town in cold winter weather conditions.
Committed to designing outdoor equipment that enhanced the wilderness experience, George Marks and Bob Swanson teamed up in 1965 to launch Sierra Designs. At the forefront of innovation right from the beginning, Sierra Designs consistently rolled out ground-breaking features, unveiling the first tent to use a combination of bent and straight poles and releasing the first sleeping bag in the United States to offer 700-fill goose down and a contoured hood.
Though design and technology have changed dramatically over the past 40 years and many manufacturers have fallen by the wayside, Sierra Designs continues to garner awards and recognition for their tents and sleeping bags.
Backcountry Edge is proud to be an authorized Sierra Designs dealer.
Click here to visit the official Sierra Designs website. (Note: you will be leaving Backcountry Edge.)
View more videos in our Video Library.


text:
Summary Report for:
19-1042.00 - Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
Conduct research dealing with the understanding of human diseases and the improvement of human health. Engage in clinical investigation, research and development, or other related activities. Includes physicians, dentists, public health specialists, pharmacologists, and medical pathologists who primarily conduct research.
Sample of reported job titles: Associate Director, Experimental Medicine; Clinical Laboratory Scientist; Clinical Pharmacologist; Investigator; Laboratory Director; Post-Doctoral Fellow; Research Scientist; Scientist; Senior Research Scientist; Senior Scientist
Tasks | Tools & Technology | Knowledge | Skills | Abilities | Work Activities | Work Context | Job Zone | Education | Credentials | Interests | Work Styles | Work Values | Related Occupations | Wages & Employment | Job Openings | Additional Information
- Plan and direct studies to investigate human or animal disease, preventive methods, and treatments for disease.
- Conduct research to develop methodologies, instrumentation, and procedures for medical application, analyzing data and presenting findings to the scientific audience and general public.
- Study animal and human health and physiological processes.
- Follow strict safety procedures when handling toxic materials to avoid contamination.
- Write and publish articles in scientific journals.
- Evaluate effects of drugs, gases, pesticides, parasites, and microorganisms at various levels.
- Use equipment such as atomic absorption spectrometers, electron microscopes, flow cytometers, and chromatography systems.
- Prepare and analyze organ, tissue, and cell samples to identify toxicity, bacteria, or microorganisms or to study cell structure.
- Standardize drug dosages, methods of immunization, and procedures for manufacture of drugs and medicinal compounds.
- Investigate cause, progress, life cycle, or mode of transmission of diseases or parasites.
Tools & Technology
Tools used in this occupation:
|Benchtop centrifuges — Automated centrifuges; Centrifuges; High-speed centrifuges; Tabletop centrifuges
|Chromatography tubing — Absorption tubes; Chromatographic tubes
|Laboratory flasks — Erlenmeyer flasks; Flasks; Volumetric flasks
|Petri plates or dishes — Microdiffusion dishes; Petri dishes
|Spectrophotometers — Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometers; Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometers; Recording spectrophotometers; Ultraviolet-Visible UV/VIS spectrophotometers
Technology used in this occupation:
|Analytical or scientific software — BioArray Software Environment BASE software; Medical Scientists HybridAI; Waters MassLynx; Waters Q-DIS/QM LIMS
|Data base user interface and query software — Database software; Waters eLab Notebook; Waters Empower 2
|Graphics or photo imaging software — Adobe Systems Adobe Photoshop software
|Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
|Word processing software — Microsoft Word
|Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
|English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
|Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
|Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
|Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
|Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
|Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
|Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
|Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
|Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
|Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
|Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
|Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
|Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
|Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
|Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
|Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
|Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
|Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
|Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
|Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
|Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
|Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
|Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
|Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
|Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
|Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
|Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Work Activities
|Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
|Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
|Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
|Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
|Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
|Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
|Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
|Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
|Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
|Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Work Context
|Electronic Mail — 99% responded "Every day."
|Face-to-Face Discussions — 78% responded "Every day."
|Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 79% responded "Extremely important."
|Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 93% responded "Every day."
|Work With Work Group or Team — 76% responded "Extremely important."
|Duration of Typical Work Week — 86% responded "More than 40 hours."
|Telephone — 77% responded "Every day."
|Structured versus Unstructured Work — 70% responded "A lot of freedom."
|Freedom to Make Decisions — 73% responded "A lot of freedom."
|Contact With Others — 47% responded "Constant contact with others."
Job Zone
|Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed
|Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).
|Related Experience
|Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.
|Job Training
|Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.
|Job Zone Examples
|These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include librarians, lawyers, sports medicine physicians, wildlife biologists, school psychologists, surgeons, treasurers, and controllers.
|SVP Range
|(8.0 and above)
Percentage of Respondents
|Education Level Required
|Post-doctoral training
|Doctoral degree
|Master's degree
This occupation may require a background in the following science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational disciplines:
Interest code: IRA
|Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
|Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
|Artistic — Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules.
|Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
Work Styles
|Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
|Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
|Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
|Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
|Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
|Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
|Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
|Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
|Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
|Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
Work Values
|Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
|Recognition — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.
|Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
Related Occupations
|Molecular and Cellular Biologists
|Geneticists Bright Outlook
|Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary
|Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
|Dietitians and Nutritionists
|Nuclear Medicine Physicians
|Preventive Medicine Physicians
Wages & Employment Trends
|Median wages (2014)
|$38.43 hourly, $79,930 annual
|State wages
|Employment (2012)
|103,000 employees
|Projected growth (2012-2022)
|Average (8% to 14%)
|Projected job openings (2012-2022)
|State trends
|Top industries (2012)
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2014 wage data and 2012-2022 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2012-2022). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.
Job Openings on the Web
Sources of Additional Information
Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.
- Medical Scientists . Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition.
- American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) , 2107 Wilson Blvd., Suite 700, Arlington, VA 22201. Phone: (703) 243-2800. Fax: (703) 243-9650.
- American Society for Microbiology (ASM) , Education Dept., 1752 N St. NW, Washington, DC 20036-2804. Phone: (202) 737-3600.
- Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) , 66 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 600, Alexandria, VA 22314. Phone: (703) 299-0200. Fax: (703) 299-0204.


text:
Daryl Wislang repairs a ripped tail bag which was ripped off by a wave onboard Camper with Emirates Team New Zealand during leg 5 of the Volvo Ocean Race 2011-12, from Auckland, New Zealand to Itajai, Brazil.
Hamish Hooper/Camper ETNZ/Volvo Ocean Race©
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text:
Results tagged ' South Carolina Gamecocks '
Gamecocks Close Rosenblatt by Winning First CWS
Omaha, NE: For those of you who missed it, the South Carolina Gamecocks won the 2010 College World Series the hard way, winning six straight games after losing the opener to Oklahoma. The Gamecocks beat the UCLA Bruins 2-1 in 11 innings Tuesday night for their first NCAA Baseball Championship in the last game to be played at historic Rosenblatt Stadium. I was lucky enough to have the night off of work to watch South Carolina tie the game in the 9th before winning the game in exta innings. I like to see teams win their first championship, especially in games as exciting as this. I regret not getting to Rosenblatt to witness the CWS firsthand, but plan on attending in the future for one of my baseball trips. I've grown to be a big fan of college baseball over the last few years. We try to catch at least one game on our trip, and they usually end up being the most competetive. You can read up on 2010 CWS
Personally, though, I was pulling for TCU.
Photo courtesy of South Carolina Gamecocks


text:
Top 10 most stolen vehicles
POSTED: 08:59 AM PDT Aug 25, 2011
The Highway Loss Data Institute recently ranked the top 10 most stolen vehicles. Is yours on the list?
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms Of Service and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms.blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
Easy Summer, Scene #05
Easy Summer, Scene #05
Hot House Video
- 8/10
Mitchell Rock sees John Magnum sunning himself by the pool so he grabs some body oil and offers to rub down the muscular hunk. It doesn't take long for Mitchell to strip John out of his swimsuit so he can focus on his biggest muscle: 8 inches of rock-hard cock. Mitchell does his best to swallow John's fat dick to the base then stands up so John can get a mouthful of his cock. The sun beats down as the two chiseled hunks move to the pool so John can fuck Mitchell's big round ass. John makes Mitchell beg for it before he shoves his cock all the way in, pulls it completely out and shoves it in again. The brutal ass-pounding continues as Mitchell gets on his back so John can fuck him and jack him off at the same time. John, always the aggressor, slams Mitchell's ass so hard he cums then pulls his cock out and jacks a load all over Mitchell's washboard abs.
John Magnum - Related Scenes
John Magnum And Mitch Vaughn
Updated on: 07-03-2013
Trunks 6, Scene #02
Updated on: 07-12-2011
Score! Game 2, Scene #04
Updated on: 06-13-2011
Backroom Exclusives 26, Scene #02
Updated on: 06-06-2011
John Magnum And Kyle Quinn
Updated on: 03-28-2011
Sanctuary 1, Scene #02
Updated on: 04-05-2010
John Magnum, Kennedy Carter, Luke Riley
John Magnum And Rod Daily
Updated on: 02-10-2010
Trust Me, I'm A Doctor, Scene #02
Updated on: 02-08-2010
Christian Wilde, John Magnum, Rod Daily
Mitchell Rock - Related Scenes
Deep Inside - Part 1, Scene #02
Updated on: 09-22-2014


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Disclaimer :
This handbook has been replaced by a newer version and is not maintained anymore.
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4.a. Runlevels
Booting your System
When you boot your system, you will notice lots of text floating by. If you pay
close attention, you will notice this text is the same every time you reboot
your system. The sequence of all these actions is called the boot
sequence and is (more or less) statically defined.
First, your boot loader will load the kernel image you have defined in the
boot loader configuration into memory after which it tells the CPU to run the
kernel. When the kernel is loaded and run, it initializes all kernel-specific
structures and tasks and starts the init process.
This process then makes sure that all filesystems (defined in
/etc/fstab) are mounted and ready to be used. Then it executes
several scripts located in /etc/init.d, which will start the
services you need in order to have a successfully booted system.
Finally, when all scripts are executed, init activates the terminals
(in most cases just the virtual consoles which are hidden beneath Alt-F1,
Alt-F2, etc.) attaching a special process called agetty to it.
This process will then make sure you are able to log on through these terminals
by running login.
Init Scripts
Now init doesn't just execute the scripts in /etc/init.d
randomly. Even more, it doesn't run all scripts in /etc/init.d,
only the scripts it is told to execute. It decides which scripts to execute by
looking into /etc/runlevels.
First, init runs all scripts from /etc/init.d that have
symbolic links inside /etc/runlevels/boot. Usually, it will
start the scripts in alphabetical order, but some scripts have dependency
information in them, telling the system that another script must be run before
they can be started.
When all /etc/runlevels/boot referenced scripts are executed,
init continues with running the scripts that have a symbolic link to them
in /etc/runlevels/default. Again, it will use the alphabetical
order to decide what script to run first, unless a script has dependency
information in it, in which case the order is changed to provide a valid
start-up sequence.
How Init Works
Of course init doesn't decide all that by itself. It needs a
configuration file that specifies what actions need to be taken. This
configuration file is /etc/inittab.
If you remember the boot sequence we have just described, you will remember
that init's first action is to mount all filesystems. This is defined in
the following line from /etc/inittab:
Code Listing 1.1: The system initialisation line in /etc/inittab
si::sysinit:/sbin/rc sysinit
This line tells init that it must run /sbin/rc sysinit to
initialize the system. The /sbin/rc script takes care of the
initialisation, so you might say that init doesn't do much -- it
delegates the task of initialising the system to another process.
Second, init executed all scripts that had symbolic links in
/etc/runlevels/boot. This is defined in the following line:
Code Listing 1.2: The system initialisation, continued
rc::bootwait:/sbin/rc boot
Again the rc script performs the necessary tasks. Note that the option
given to rc (boot) is the same as the subdirectory of
/etc/runlevels that is used.
Now init checks its configuration file to see what runlevel it
should run. To decide this, it reads the following line from
Code Listing 1.3: The initdefault line
In this case (which the majority of Gentoo users will use), the runlevel
id is 3. Using this information, init checks what it must run to start
runlevel 3:
Code Listing 1.4: The runlevel definitions
l0:0:wait:/sbin/rc shutdown
l1:S1:wait:/sbin/rc single
l2:2:wait:/sbin/rc nonetwork
l3:3:wait:/sbin/rc default
l4:4:wait:/sbin/rc default
l5:5:wait:/sbin/rc default
l6:6:wait:/sbin/rc reboot
The line that defines level 3, again, uses the rc script to start the
services (now with argument default). Again note that the argument of
rc is the same as the subdirectory from /etc/runlevels.
When rc has finished, init decides what virtual consoles it should
activate and what commands need to be run at each console:
Code Listing 1.5: The virtual consoles definition
c1:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty 38400 tty1 linux
c2:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty 38400 tty2 linux
c3:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty 38400 tty3 linux
c4:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty 38400 tty4 linux
c5:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty 38400 tty5 linux
c6:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty 38400 tty6 linux
What is a runlevel?
You have seen that init uses a numbering scheme to decide what
runlevel it should activate. A runlevel is a state in which
your system is running and contains a collection of scripts (runlevel scripts or
initscripts) that must be executed when you enter or leave a runlevel.
In Gentoo, there are seven runlevels defined: three internal runlevels, and four
user-defined runlevels. The internal runlevels are called sysinit,
shutdown and reboot and do exactly what their names imply:
initialize the system, powering off the system and rebooting the system.
The user-defined runlevels are those with an accompanying
/etc/runlevels subdirectory: boot,
default, nonetwork and single. The
boot runlevel starts all system-necessary services which all other
runlevels use. The remaining three runlevels differ in what services they start:
default is used for day-to-day operations, nonetwork
is used in case no network connectivity is required, and single is
used when you need to fix the system.
Working with the Init Scripts
The scripts that the rc process starts are called init scripts.
Each script in /etc/init.d can be executed with the arguments
start, stop, restart, zap,
status, ineed, iuse, needsme, usesme or
To start, stop or restart a service (and all depending services), start,
stop and restart should be used:
Code Listing 1.6: Starting Postfix
# /etc/init.d/postfix start
Only the services that need the given service are stopped or restarted.
The other depending services (those that use the service but don't need
it) are left untouched.
If you want to stop a service, but not the services that depend on it, you can
use the --nodeps argument together with the stop command:
Code Listing 1.7: Stopping Postfix but keep the depending services running
# /etc/init.d/postfix --nodeps stop
If you want to see what status a service has (started, stopped, ...) you
can use the status argument:
Code Listing 1.8: Status information for postfix
# /etc/init.d/postfix status
If the status information tells you that the service is running, but you know
that it is not, then you can reset the status information to "stopped" with the
zap argument:
Code Listing 1.9: Resetting status information for postfix
# /etc/init.d/postfix zap
To also ask what dependencies the service has, you can use iuse or
ineed. With ineed you can see the services that are really
necessary for the correct functioning of the service. iuse on the other
hand shows the services that can be used by the service, but are not necessary
for the correct functioning.
Code Listing 1.10: Requesting a list of all necessary services on which Postfix depends
# /etc/init.d/postfix ineed
Similarly, you can ask what services require the service (needsme) or can
use it (usesme):
Code Listing 1.11: Requesting a list of all services that require Postfix
# /etc/init.d/postfix needsme
Finally, you can ask what dependencies the service requires that are missing:
Code Listing 1.12: Requesting a list of missing dependencies for Postfix
# /etc/init.d/postfix broken
4.b. Working with rc-update
What is rc-update?
Gentoo's init system uses a dependency-tree to decide what service needs to be
started first. As this is a tedious task that we wouldn't want our users to
have to do manually, we have created tools that ease the administration of the
runlevels and init scripts.
With rc-update you can add and remove init scripts to a runlevel. The
rc-update tool will then automatically ask the depscan.sh script
to rebuild the dependency tree.
Adding and Removing Services
You have already added init scripts to the "default" runlevel during the
installation of Gentoo. At that time you might not have had a clue what the
"default" is for, but now you should. The rc-update script requires a
second argument that defines the action: add, del or show.
To add or remove an init script, just give rc-update the add or
del argument, followed by the init script and the runlevel. For instance:
Code Listing 2.1: Removing Postfix from the default runlevel
# rc-update del postfix default
The rc-update -v show command will show all the available init scripts and
list at which runlevels they will execute:
Code Listing 2.2: Receiving init script information
# rc-update -v show
You can also run rc-update show (without -v) to just view enabled
init scripts and their runlevels.
4.c. Configuring Services
Why the Need for Extra Configuration?
Init scripts can be quite complex. It is therefore not really desirable to
have the users edit the init script directly, as it would make it more
error-prone. It is however important to be able to configure such a service. For
instance, you might want to give more options to the service itself.
A second reason to have this configuration outside the init script is to be
able to update the init scripts without the fear that your configuration
changes will be undone.
The /etc/conf.d Directory
Gentoo provides an easy way to configure such a service: every init script that
can be configured has a file in /etc/conf.d. For instance, the
apache2 initscript (called /etc/init.d/apache2) has a
configuration file called /etc/conf.d/apache2, which can contain
the options you want to give to the Apache 2 server when it is started:
Code Listing 3.1: Variable defined in /etc/conf.d/apache2
Such a configuration file contains variables and variables alone (just like
/etc/portage/make.conf), making it very easy to configure services.
It also allows us to provide more information about the variables (as comments).
4.d. Writing Init Scripts
Do I Have To?
No, writing an init script is usually not necessary as Gentoo provides
ready-to-use init scripts for all provided services. However, you might have
installed a service without using Portage, in which case you will most likely
have to create an init script.
Do not use the init script provided by the service if it isn't explicitly
written for Gentoo: Gentoo's init scripts are not compatible with the init
scripts used by other distributions!
The basic layout of an init script is shown below.
Code Listing 4.1: Basic layout of an init script
depend() {
(Dependency information)
start() {
(Commands necessary to start the service)
stop() {
(Commands necessary to stop the service)
Any init script requires the start() function to be defined. All
other sections are optional.
There are two dependency-alike settings you can define that influence the
start-up or sequencing of init scripts: use and need. Next to
these two, there are also two order-influencing methods called before and
after. These last two are no dependencies per se - they do not make the
original init script fail if the selected one isn't scheduled to start (or fails
to start).
It should be clear from the above that need is the only "true" dependency
setting as it affects if the script will be started or not. All the others are
merely pointers towards the init system to clarify in which order scripts can be
(or should be) launched.
Now, if you look at many of Gentoo's available init scripts, you will notice
that some have dependencies on things that are no init scripts. These "things"
we call virtuals.
A virtual dependency is a dependency that a service provides, but that is
not provided solely by that service. Your init script can depend on a system
logger, but there are many system loggers available (metalogd, syslog-ng,
sysklogd, ...). As you cannot need every single one of them (no sensible
system has all these system loggers installed and running) we made sure that
all these services provide a virtual dependency.
Let us take a look at the dependency information for the postfix service.
Code Listing 4.2: Dependency information for Postfix
depend() {
need net
use logger dns
provide mta
As you can see, the postfix service:
Controlling the Order
As we described in the previous section, you can tell the init system what order
it should use for starting (or stopping) scripts. This ordering is handled both
through the dependency settings use and need, but also through the
order settings before and after. As we have described these
earlier already, let's take a look at the Portmap service as an example of such
init script.
Code Listing 4.3: The depend() function in the Portmap service
depend() {
need net
before inetd
before xinetd
You can also use the "*" glob to catch all services in the same runlevel,
although this isn't advisable.
Code Listing 4.4: Running an init script as first script in the runlevel
depend() {
before *
If your service must write to local disks, it should need localmount. If
it places anything in /var/run such as a pidfile, then it should
start after bootmisc:
Code Listing 4.5: Example depend() function
depend() {
need localmount
after bootmisc
Standard Functions
Next to the depend() functionality, you also need to define the
start() function. This one contains all the commands necessary to
initialize your service. It is advisable to use the ebegin and
eend functions to inform the user about what is happening:
Code Listing 4.6: Example start() function
start() {
if [ "${RC_CMD}" = "restart" ];
# Do something in case a restart requires more than stop, start
ebegin "Starting my_service"
start-stop-daemon --start --exec /path/to/my_service \
--pidfile /path/to/my_pidfile
eend $?
Both --exec and --pidfile should be used in start and stop
functions. If the service does not create a pidfile, then use
--make-pidfile if possible, though you should test this to be sure.
Otherwise, don't use pidfiles. You can also add --quiet to the
start-stop-daemon options, but this is not recommended unless the
service is extremely verbose. Using --quiet may hinder debugging if the
service fails to start.
Another notable setting used in the above example is to check the contents of
the RC_CMD variable. Unlike the previous init script system, the newer
openrc system does not support script-specific restart functionality.
Instead, the script needs to check the contents of the RC_CMD variable
to see if a function (be it start() or stop()) is called as part
of a restart or not.
Make sure that --exec actually calls a service and not just a shell
script that launches services and exits -- that's what the init script is
supposed to do.
If you need more examples of the start() function, please read the
source code of the available init scripts in your /etc/init.d
Another function you can define is stop(). You are not obliged to define
this function though! Our init system is intelligent enough to fill in this
function by itself if you use start-stop-daemon.
Here is an example of a stop() function:
Code Listing 4.7: Example stop() function
stop() {
ebegin "Stopping my_service"
start-stop-daemon --stop --exec /path/to/my_service \
--pidfile /path/to/my_pidfile
eend $?
If your service runs some other script (for example, bash, python, or perl),
and this script later changes names (for example, foo.py to foo),
then you will need to add --name to start-stop-daemon. You must
specify the name that your script will be changed to. In this example, a
service starts foo.py, which changes names to foo:
Code Listing 4.8: A service that starts the foo script
start() {
ebegin "Starting my_script"
start-stop-daemon --start --exec /path/to/my_script \
--pidfile /path/to/my_pidfile --name foo
eend $?
start-stop-daemon has an excellent man page available if you need more
Code Listing 4.9: Getting the man page for start-stop-daemon
$ man start-stop-daemon
Gentoo's init script syntax is based on the POSIX Shell so you are
free to use sh-compatible constructs inside your init script. Keep other
constructs, like bash-specific ones, out of the init scripts to ensure that the
scripts remain functional regardless of the change Gentoo might do on its init
Adding Custom Options
If you want your init script to support more options than the ones we have
already encountered, you should add the option to the extra_commands
variable, and create a function with the same name as the option. For instance,
to support an option called restartdelay:
Code Listing 4.10: Supporting the restartdelay option
restartdelay() {
sleep 3 # Wait 3 seconds before starting again
The function restart() cannot be overridden in openrc!
Service Configuration Variables
You don't have to do anything to support a configuration file in
/etc/conf.d: if your init script is executed, the following files
are automatically sourced (i.e. the variables are available to use):
Also, if your init script provides a virtual dependency (such as net),
the file associated with that dependency (such as /etc/conf.d/net)
will be sourced too.
4.e. Changing the Runlevel Behaviour
Who might benefit from this?
Many laptop users know the situation: at home you need to start net.eth0
while you don't want to start net.eth0 while you're on the road (as
there is no network available). With Gentoo you can alter the runlevel behaviour
to your own will.
For instance you can create a second "default" runlevel which you can boot that
has other init scripts assigned to it. You can then select at boottime what
default runlevel you want to use.
Using softlevel
First of all, create the runlevel directory for your second "default" runlevel.
As an example we create the offline runlevel:
Code Listing 5.1: Creating a runlevel directory
# mkdir /etc/runlevels/offline
Add the necessary init scripts to the newly created runlevels. For instance, if
you want to have an exact copy of your current default runlevel but
without net.eth0:
Code Listing 5.2: Adding the necessary init scripts
(Copy all services from default runlevel to offline runlevel)
# cd /etc/runlevels/default
# for service in *; do rc-update add $service offline; done
(Remove unwanted service from offline runlevel)
# rc-update del net.eth0 offline
(Display active services for offline runlevel)
# rc-update show offline
(Partial sample Output)
acpid | offline
domainname | offline
local | offline
net.eth0 |
Even though net.eth0 has been removed from the offline runlevel,
udev might want to attempt to start any devices it detects and launch the
appropriate services, a functionality that is called hotplugging. By
default, Gentoo does not enable hotplugging.
If you do want to enable hotplugging, but only for a selected set of scripts,
use the rc_hotplug variable in /etc/rc.conf:
Code Listing 5.3: Disabling device initiated services in /etc/rc.conf
# Allow net.wlan as well as any other service, except those matching net.*
# to be hotplugged
rc_hotplug="net.wlan !net.*"
For more information on device initiated services, please see the comments
inside /etc/rc.conf.
Now edit your bootloader configuration and add a new entry for the
offline runlevel. For instance, in /boot/grub/grub.conf:
Code Listing 5.4: Adding an entry for the offline runlevel
title Gentoo Linux Offline Usage
root (hd0,0)
kernel (hd0,0)/kernel-2.4.25 root=/dev/hda3 softlevel=offline
Voilà, you're all set now. If you boot your system and select the newly added
entry at boot, the offline runlevel will be used instead of the
default one.
Using bootlevel
Using bootlevel is completely analogous to softlevel. The only
difference here is that you define a second "boot" runlevel instead of a second
"default" runlevel.
The contents of this document, unless otherwise expressly stated, are licensed under the CC-BY-SA-2.5 license. The Gentoo Name and Logo Usage Guidelines apply.
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Page updated August 1, 2013
Gentoo uses a special initscript format which, amongst other features, allows
dependency-driven decisions and virtual initscripts. This chapter explains all
these aspects and explains how to deal with these scripts.
Sven Vermeulen
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Disclaimer :
This handbook has been replaced by a newer version and is not maintained anymore.
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1.a. Introduction
First of all, welcome to Gentoo. You are about to enter the world
of choices and performance. Gentoo is all about choices. When
installing Gentoo, this is made clear to you several times -- you can
choose how much you want to compile yourself, how to install Gentoo,
what system logger you want, etc.
Gentoo is a fast, modern metadistribution with a clean and flexible
design. Gentoo is built around free software and doesn't hide from its
users what is beneath the hood. Portage, the package maintenance system
which Gentoo uses, is written in Python, meaning you can easily view and
modify the source code. Gentoo's packaging system uses source code
(although support for precompiled packages is included too) and
configuring Gentoo happens through regular textfiles. In other words,
openness everywhere.
It is very important that you understand that choices are what
makes Gentoo run. We try not to force you onto anything you don't like.
If you feel like we do, please bugreport it.
How is the Installation Structured?
The Gentoo Installation can be seen as a 10-step procedure,
corresponding to chapters 2 - 11. Every step results in
a certain state:
When you are given a certain choice, we try our best to explain what the pros
and cons are. We will continue then with a default
choice, identified by "Default: " in the title. The other
possibilities are marked by "Alternative: ". Do not
think that the default is what we recommend. It is however what we
believe most users will use.
Sometimes you can pursue an optional step. Such steps are marked as
"Optional: " and are therefore not needed to install Gentoo.
However, some optional steps are dependant on a previous decision you
made. We will inform you when this happens, both when you make the
decision, and right before the optional step is described.
What are my Options?
You can install Gentoo in many different ways. You can download and install from
one of our Installation CDs, from an existing distribution,
from a bootable CD (such as Knoppix), from a netbooted environment, from a
rescue floppy, etc.
This document covers the installation using the Universal Installation CD, a
bootable CD that contains everything you need to get Gentoo Linux up and
running. You can optionally use one of our Package CDs as well to install a
complete system in a matter of minutes after having installed the Gentoo base
This installation approach however does not immediately use the latest version
of the available packages; if you want this you should check out the
Installation Instructions inside our Gentoo Linux Handbooks.
For help on the other installation approaches,
please read our Alternative Installation
Guide. We also provide a Gentoo Installation Tips &
Tricks document that might be useful to read as well. If you feel that
the current installation instructions are too elaborate, feel free to use our
Quick Installation Guide available from our Documentation Resources if your architecture
has such a document available.
If you find a problem in the installation (or in the installation
documentation), please check the errata from our Gentoo Release Engineering Project,
visit our bugtracking
system and check if the bug is known. If not, please create a bugreport
for it so we can take care of it. Do not be afraid of the developers who are
assigned to (your) bugs -- they generally don't eat people.
Note though that, although the document you are now reading is
architecture-specific, it will contain references to other architectures as
well. This is due to the fact that large parts of the Gentoo Handbook use source
code that is common for all architectures (to avoid duplication of efforts and
starvation of development resources). We will try to keep this to a minimum
to avoid confusion.
If you are uncertain if the problem is a user-problem (some error you
made despite having read the documentation carefully) or a
software-problem (some error we made despite having tested the
installation/documentation carefully) you are free to join #gentoo on
irc.freenode.net. Of course, you are welcome otherwise too :)
If you have a question regarding Gentoo, check out our Frequently Asked
Questions, available from the Gentoo Documentation. You can
also view the FAQs on our
forums. If you can't find the answer
there ask on #gentoo, our IRC-channel on irc.freenode.net. Yes, several of
us are freaks who sit on IRC :-)
1.b. Fast Installation using the Gentoo Reference Platform
What is the Gentoo Reference Platform?
The Gentoo Reference Platform, from now on abbreviated to GRP, is a snapshot of
prebuilt packages users (that means you!) can install during the installation
of Gentoo to speed up the installation process. The GRP consists of all
packages required to have a fully functional Gentoo installation. They are not
just the ones you need to have a base installation up to speed in no time, but
all lengthier builds (such as KDE, xorg-x11, GNOME, OpenOffice, Mozilla, ...)
are available as GRP packages too.
However, these prebuilt packages aren't maintained during the lifetime of the
Gentoo distribution. They are snapshots released at every Gentoo release and
make it possible to have a functional environment in a short amount of time. You
can then upgrade your system in the background while working in your Gentoo
How Portage Handles GRP Packages
Your Portage tree - the collection of ebuilds (files that contain all
information about a package, such as its description, homepage, sourcecode URLs,
compilation instructions, dependencies, etc.) - must be synchronised with the
GRP set: the versions of the available ebuilds and their accompanying GRP
packages must match.
For this reason you can only benefit from the GRP packages Gentoo provides while
performing the current installation approach. GRP is not available for those
interested in performing an installation using the latest versions of all
available packages.
Is GRP Available?
Not all architectures provide GRP packages. That doesn't mean GRP isn't
supported on the other architectures, but it means that we don't have the
resources to build and test the GRP packages.
At present we provide GRP packages for the following architectures:
If your architecture (or subarchitecture) isn't on this list, you are not
able to opt for a GRP installation.
Now that this introduction is over, let's continue with Booting the Universal Installation CD.
The contents of this document, unless otherwise expressly stated, are licensed under the CC-BY-SA-2.5 license. The Gentoo Name and Logo Usage Guidelines apply.
View all
Page updated June 9, 2005
Users not familiar with Gentoo do not always know that choice is what
Gentoo is all about.
Sven Vermeulen
Roy Marples
Daniel Robbins
Chris Houser
Jerry Alexandratos
Seemant Kulleen
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Natural Mood Lifters: Nature's Blues Busters
In This Article:
While SSRIs tend to increase the supply of neurotransmitters by inhibiting reuptake or by preventing their breakdown, nutritional supplements provide the basic "construction materials." If your mood problems are due to a deficiency in the materials that make up the neurotransmitters, then simply inhibiting their reuptake won't solve your problem in the long run. That is one reason why the drugs often stop working after awhile.
The key mood-enhancing herbs and nutrients are:
- St. John's wort.
- L-tryptophan and 5-HTP.
- Phenylalanine and tyrosine.
- SAMe and TMG.
- Omega-3 fats EPA and DHA.
- B vitamins, vitamin C, and zinc.
St. John's wort:
- Its side effects are not nearly as severe or frequent.
- Mixing it with alcohol doesn't lead to adverse reactions, as with the pharmaceutical antidepressants.
- It is not addictive.
- It does not produce withdrawal symptoms when you stop.
- It does not produce habituation or the need for increased dosages to maintain its effects.
- It can be easily stopped and restarted without requiring a long buildup period.
- It enhances sleep and dreaming.
- Unlike SSRIs, it does not inhibit sex drive and can actually enhance it.
- It does not make you sleepy in the daytime. Experiments show that it can enhance alertness and driving reaction time.
- According to one report, the annual rate of death by overdose on antidepressant drugs is 30.1 per 1 million prescriptions. No one has ever died from an overdose of St. John's wort.
Imagine an antidepressant that is as effective as prescription drugs but has mild side effects, if any, and even boosts libido. Sound like a fantasy? It's not. You've just met St. John's wort, an herb taken by many thousands of people every day. In fact, in Europe, Hypericum perforatum is prescribed by doctors five times as often as Prozac.
Animal studies show that St. John's wort inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and possibly also of dopamine and noradrenaline. It appears to act like both SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants, but without their side effects.
A 1996 review of twenty-three randomized clinical trials on St. John's wort, involving a total of 1,700 people, showed an equivalent response to antidepressants with minimal side effects. At a dose of 300 mg a day of a 0.3 percent hypericin extract, St. John's wort appears to help those with mild to moderate depression. There is even some evidence that doubling this dose can help those with severe depression. St. John's wort is also useful in calming your nerves and in helping you to sleep more soundly.
While hypericin has been generally accepted as the active antidepressant ingredient and is used as the marker in standardization, there is newer evidence that the hyperforin may actually be the more active antidepressant compound. As a result, you may begin to see more St. John's wort products on the market that are standardized to hyperforin, in addition to the usual hypericin.
Because St. John's wort was originally believed to work through MAO inhibition, some articles still list the MAOI food restrictions. However, it is now quite clear that St. John's wort in normal doses does not have this effect. But there are a number of cautions associated with the herb, as you'll see below. To put it into perspective, though: Most of the cautions here relate to a rather small minority of the population. Also, many common drugs and even grapefruit juice will have similar effects, since they activate the same liver enzymes that St. John's wort does.
From NATURAL HIGHS: Supplements, Nutrition, and Mind/Body Techniques to Help You Feel Good by Hyla Cass and Patrick Holford. Copyright � Hyla Cass, M.D., and Patrick Holford. Used by arrangement with Avery, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit www.penguin.com. Get a 15% discount with the coupon code FENPARENT.


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Loneliness becomes the mirror. Society is the deception. That's why you are always afraid of being alone - because you will have to know yourself, and you will have to know yourself in your nudity, in your nakedness. You are afraid. To be alone is difficult. Whenever you are alone, you immediately start doing something so you are not alone. You may start reading the newspaper, or you may put on the TV, or you may go to some club to meet some friends, or you may go to visit some family - but you must do something. Why? Because the moment you are alone your identity melts, and all that you know about yourself becomes false and all that is real starts bubbling up.
All religions say that man must move into solitariness to know himself. One need not be there forever, that is futile, but one has to be in solitude for a time, for a period. And the length of the period will depend on each individual. Mohammed was in solitude for a few months; Jesus for only a few days; Mahavira for twelve years and Buddha for six years. It depends. But unless you come to the point where you can say, "Now I have know the essential," it is a must to be alone.
This technique is concerned with loneliness.
Abide in some place endlessly spacious, clear of trees, hills, habitations. Thence comes the end of mind pressures.
Before we enter this technique three other points about loneliness must be understood. One: to be alone is basic, foundational - that is how your being is. In the mother's womb you are alone, totally alone, and psychologists say that the hankering for nirvana, for enlightenment, for salvation, for paradise, is really a deep imprinted memory of the experience of the mother's womb. You have known it - the total aloneness - and the bliss of it. You were alone, you were God. No one else was there. No one disturbed you, no one interfered. Alone, you were the master. With no conflict the peace was intrinsic. Silence was there, no language. You were deep in yourself. You are not consciously aware of the fact but it is deeply imprinted, it is there hidden in the unconscious.
Because of this, psychologists say that everyone thinks that life in childhood was beautiful. And ever country and every race thinks that somewhere in the past was the Golden Age - somewhere in the past, life was blissful. Hindus call it satyuga, age of truth. In the past, somewhere, the very, very past, before history began, everything was beautiful and blissful. There was no conflict, no strife, no violence. Only love prevailed. That was the Golden Age. Christians say that Adam and Eve lived in Eden, in the garden, in absolute innocence and blissfulness. Then came the fall. So the Golden Age is before the fall. Every country, every race, every religion, believes that the Golden Age was somewhere in the past. And the strangeness is that howsoever deeply into the past you move, this was always believed to be so, always.


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Trend Lab Chair and Ottoman - Baby Barnyard
by Trend Lab | Item #: 585939 | Model #: 107029 |
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Trend Lab's club style chair and matching ottoman is perfect for any toddler! The modern avocado green color and soft ultrasuede upholstery make it a great addition to any room of the house. This chair and ottoman's sturdy, padded frame make it a perfect place for any child to relax. Chair dimensions: 18" x 24" x 17". Ottoman dimensions: 6" x 12".
- Trend Lab's club style chair and matching ottoman is perfect for any toddler!
- Club chair/ottoman: 100% polyester; stuffing: 100% polyurethane foam;
- 4 plastic feet on chair, 5 on ottoman
- Chair and Ottoman Set - Solid Avocado Green Ultrasuede Children's Stuffed Chair w/Matching Circular Ottoman; Chair: 18" x 24" x 17"; Ottoman: 6" x 12"
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Warranty InformationThis product is covered by the Sam's Club Member Satisfaction Guarantee.
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Q&A Open Forum
Jimmy Akin was born in Texas and grew up nominally Protestant. At age 20 he experienced a profound conversion to Christ. Planning on becoming a Protestant pastor or seminary professor, Jimmy started an intensive study of the Bible, but the more he immersed himself in Scripture, the more he found it to support the Catholic faith. He entered the Church in 1992. His conversion story, "A Triumph and a Tragedy," is published in the book Surprised By Truth.
Akin is Senior Apologist at Catholic Answers, a member on the Catholic Answers Speakers Bureau, a weekly guest on the global radio program, Catholic Answers LIVE, a contributing editor for Catholic Answers Magazine, and the author of numerous publications, including the books Mass Confusion, The Salvation Controversy, The Fathers Know Best, and Mass Revision.
His personal blog is www.jimmyakin.com.
Jimmy Akin's insightful book The Nightmare World of Jack T. Chick aims to change that. It reveals everything you need to know about Jack Chick and the many lies he tells about the Catholic Church and its teachings. And it reveals how you can defend the faith against Chick's lies. It's a must-have for anyone who cares about the cause of truth.


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I've been testing some Looptwork products, and they are amazing. Here's why: the company makes all their products from 100% industrial "excess" materials. That means every zipper, button and thread used in their designs was about to be thrown out. For example, the Hoptu Laptop Sleeve shown above is made with 100% upcycled nylon neoprene […][Read More]
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Letters to the Editor — February 7, 2013
Thursday, February 7, 2013
The value of conservation
To the Editor:
Milton's visual, economic, and recreational centerpieces are the Milton Three Ponds. The Milton Conservation Commission has worked hard over the years to develop policies and practices in the Natural Resources chapter of Milton's Master Plan to ensure Milton's water quality for the health and welfare of its citizens as well as the economic health of its communities. One of the most effective ways to do so is by providing funding for voluntary conservation easement projects that permanently conserve private forest lands. Forest lands provide critical filtering buffers for Milton's ground and surface waters.
Cynthia Wyatt
The Surge
To the Editor:
That answer alone made it clear that Sergeant Hagel, who served as an Army infantry squad leader and was wounded twice in Vietnam, is a reluctant yet willing warrior if the cause is just and all other options have been exhausted. It was also abundantly evident a decade ago that Iraq, which is still very relevant, did not fit that criteria unless one considers executing "The Surge" as justification for starting a war that, like Afghanistan, still hasn't been paid for (see Iraq War effect on National Debt) at an extremely high cost as stated by Hagel.
Hilltop Democrats elect new slate
To the Editor:
Hiram Connell
B.J. rebutted
To the Editor:
Again, I do not wish to be adversarial nor offensive, only enlightening. May we all come to know the divine Christ within.
Fat cats, polar bears and monkey wrenches
To the Editor:
4. Using it to help your fellow man ... Ho Chi Minh (remember him?) claimed to have read the Bible, and on that basis, called Jesus "the 1st Communist"! Wrong. Jesus called upon you to give of what you have left over, once your own necessities have been met, to help the less fortunate. Communism takes what you have "in the name, and for the benefit of 'the people.'"
Yet, seeing as how there are polar bears now, and according to all those "Nature" specials, it takes between 50,000 years (in the case of empty-niche'd and isolated islands) and 5,000,000 (in the case of competition and niche-rich continents) for new species to develop, one is forced to reach the inescapable conclusion that they survived the periods of warmth. And if they could — and did — survive those, in which the global temperatures were so much higher, then they can, and probably will, survive "our" global warming period as well.
Mt. 11:15.


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When I wrote a piece in a Guess the Author thead recently I based it on a Spanish game where I had a lot of fun turning large swathes of the map a golden hue. I had wondered about possibly doing some sort of AAR on some aspect of the game, but couldn't find the right hook to catch the fish. Then coz1 provided it with his topic of "a declaration of war".
At least one commentator wanted to know what happened next, and on reflection so did I. Well, I am just starting to find out. I will repost my entry from the thread for those who did not read it there. I have made two edits, which I hope will be forgiven.
All comment and criticism is welcome.
And now a Dramatis Personae, that I will try to keep updated.
The Past
Jean de Fontenay (aka Giovanni) a young nobleman
Carlos de Aranda another young nobleman, company
Pierre yet another young nobleman, a crowd
Notable Spaniards
Alessandro, The Duke of Milan Secretary of Committee of Europe, de Aranda's boss
Alonso Ponce de Leon, Duke of Puerto Rico a powerful noble
Miguel de los Santos his stooge on the Committe of the Americas
Enrique Velasco Secretary of the Committee of the Mediterranean, enemy of Duke of Milan
The French Embassy
Francois Comte d'Artois French Ambassador to Madrid
Henri de Tallon his deputy
Captain Bernhardt Captain of Bavarian guards
Gunter one of the guards
Jean's family
Louis de Fontenay (elder) (aka Alessandro) former French Ambassador to Spain, Jean's father
Louis de Fontenay (younger) Jean's elder brother
Marianne de Fontenay Jean's sister
Philippe de Fontenay Jean's younger brother
Anne-Marie de Fontenay Jean's youngest sister
Catharine Jean's mother
At the Red Lion
Old Charles (aka Captain Simmonds) owner of the Red Lion, patriarch of a large family
Young Charles son of Old Charles, and mostly runs the Red Lion
Red Charles Grandson of Old Charles, Jean's contact
Second James Member of Old Charle's family
Mary Old Charles' daughter, mother to Red Charles, Richard, and Edward
Richard brother to Red Charles
Tall William
Short Henry
Alonso married into the family
Richard Red Charles' brother
Edward another brother to Red Charles
Bertrand a clerk
Koenraad Van Hecke Chief Factor of the Rose Trading House in Madrid
Martin de Faro Enemy of the Red Lion
The Present
Jean de Fontenay
Carlos de Aranda
Bertrand (dead)
Captain Etienne
Captain Bernhardt
Red Charles
Elizabeth & Mary (Red Charles' daughters)
Tall William


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The Toroweap (or Toroweep) overlook is the most exciting place I've visited on the Grand Canyon north rim thus far. It is in the western part of the canyon and can only be reached via 60 miles of dirt road. The first 50-odd miles were very well maintained when we visited but once one enters the national park the road becomes almost unmaintained and a vehicle with good clearance is required.
Beyond the difficulty of access, there are a number of reasons that make this overlook special. It is not at the very top of the rim, which means one is inside the canyon itself as opposed to peering down from above. Thanks to the vertical cliffs one can see the river flowing straight down as opposed to seeing it far in the distance, and the red sandstone layers reach all the way down to the river, which makes for a much more beautiful inner canyon than the black layer in the central part of the grand canyon. Finally, the thrill of being able to walk up right to the edge and peering down is priceless. At that point one is typically standing on a sandstone block that has clearly started to split off from the rest and is getting ready to slide down into the abyss sometime soon--in geological time.
From the parking lot at the end of the road one has to scramble a bit over the rocks to see the views east, south and west. This specific pano looks west and is a tribute to a pano Jon Jasper took3 years ago nearby (see http://www.360cities.net/image/toroweap-overlook-arizona). It's his pano that got me inspired to start shooting my own. He took his shot from a "nose" cantilevered out over the abyss visible on the right hand side of my pano's opening view. I didn't want to totally clone his shot, so I picked a slightly different (and safer ;-) vantage point.
The United States is one of the most diverse countries on earth, jam packed full of amazing sights from St. Patrick's cathedral in New York to Mount Hollywood California.The Northeast region is where it all started. Thirteen British colonies fought the American Revolution from here and won their independence in the first successful colonial rebellion in history. Take a look at these rolling hills carpeted with foliage along the Hudson river here, north of New York City.The American south is known for its polite people and slow pace of life. Probably they move slowly because it's so hot. Southerners tend not to trust people from "up north" because they talk too fast. Here's a cemetery in Georgia where you can find graves of soldiers from the Civil War.The West Coast is sort of like another country that exists to make the east coast jealous. California is full of nothing but grizzly old miners digging for gold, a few gangster rappers, and then actors. That is to say, the West Coast functions as the imagination of the US, like a weird little brother who teases everybody then gets famous for making freaky art.The central part of the country is flat farmland all the way over to the Rocky Mountains. Up in the northwest corner you can find creative people in places like Portland and Seattle, along with awesome snowboarding and good beer. Text by Steve Smith.


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El Paso, TX, 5 November 2012 (PAHO/WHO)–The Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and the International Ecoclubs Network signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) in order to promote the use of knowledge management and communication tools, for the purpose of fostering the virtual exchange among the leaders of this youth and children movement committed to improve the quality of life of the population of their locality.
The MOU was presented within the framework of the International Summit of Ecoclubs in the Americas that took place from October 31 to November 1 in El Paso, Texas, and that was chaired jointly by the director of PAHO/WHO, Dr. Mirta Roses Periago.
This instrument also will serve to strengthen the collaboration between the two organizations and develop a work plan for face-to-face and virtual collaboration among the leaders of Ecoclubs of the Americas and the focal points of PAHO/WHO. Among the objectives of the MOU include: cooperate and collaborate in the areas of water, hygiene and health, climate change, health promotion, sexual and reproductive health and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, among others.
Dr. Roses proposed to work with "a single platform of information and knowledge management where everything can be done: build a network, to link the social capital, the bank of experiences, and to manage to share experiences, and strengthen its organization." The recommendation and offer of support was well received by the representatives of the Ecoclubs, who shaped the information and knowledge management as one of the lines of action of its joint strategic plan.
The theme of the International Summit of Ecoclubs was proposed for a greater influence on the local matters of environmental health in North and Central America, and the Caribbean. The encounter brought together representatives of the network of this movement of the entire American hemisphere: Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Haiti, and the United States. Moreover, thanks to the use of the information and communication technologies, representatives of Ecoclubs of other countries were able to participate.
The Ecoclub in the area of El Chamizal is the first of the United States and now the National Network of Ecoclubs in the United States is part of the network integrated by 38 countries. Its purpose is to improve the quality of life, contribute to the well-being of its community, develop leadership skills in the young people, and promote the health of boys, girls, young adults, and adolescents. The Ecoclub is an independent organization and is governed by the young people of the community where it operates.
In turn, Dr. Alfonso Contreras, regional adviser in Health Education and Social Communication of PAHO/WHO, indicated that "the groups as Ecoclubs are called to also lead the digital revolution of the new communication technologies, and social networks already permit the young people to exchange experiences and to make their voices heard in an effective way as had never been before possible."
The participants had the opportunity to share experiences, prepare a strategic plan, and discuss the current challenges of the network of Ecoclubs. Within the sharing of experiences, there was recognized the support provided by the Pan American Health Organization, such as the case of Haiti where the Ecoclubs, in coordination with PAHO, managed to support the people most affected in the disaster areas and during the cholera outbreak. Furthermore, they pointed out that tie that managed to strengthen collaboration among the Ecoclubs of Haiti and of the Dominican Republic.
Moreover, during the encounter, Dr. Roses received the key to the city of El Paso by the mayor John Cook.
The Pan American Health Organization, founded in 1902, works with all the countries of the Americas to improve the health and quality of life of their peoples. It serves as the Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO). PAHO/WHO United States-Mexico Border Office was established in 1942, it continues to facilitate and promote border collaboration with public and private binational institutions and entities involved in improving the health of the population at the Border.
- Memorandum of Understanding
- El Paso delivered the key to the city to the Director of PAHO
- Photo gallery
For more information, please of contact to:
Lorely Ambriz Irigoyen, Knowledge Management and Communications


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Post: 40
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Location: PA
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Location: Luxembourg
This is cool. Do you have a website or facebook page?Thanks! Yes, i will post it in the OP .
not gonna lie this looks dope
Post: 100
Join Date: Apr 2012
Location: The Yay
FS: Supreme S/S 2012 Oxford Shirt (Sz M) RETAIL! http://hypebeast.com/forums/apparel/171793/
piff! looks like nice work keep doing your thing
Post: 32
Join Date: Apr 2012
Location: Yass
I'd cop if I were still hypebeast. Good shit man. Where do you usually sell these?
Post: 111
Join Date: Jan 2009
Location: Chicago
i got a cincinatti fitted i need changed into a strap with gucci print ...holla
Post: 569
Join Date: Dec 2006
Location: United States
This is dope... hope to see u guys become a full hat manufacturer
Post: 859
Join Date: Nov 2011
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How many do you sell a week on average ?
this is sick. keep it up
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GREAT WORK BRO! I'll be contacting you!
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Location: Them Grimey Streets...
You wouldnt happen to be related to Ian Albao would you? lol
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Location: Chi
Fuck Tha Opps...No Love City
Very dope...do a Michigan State Spartans snapback and I'll insta-cop.
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Join Date: Apr 2012
Location: Florida