text:
4-3-14. Communications
a. Pilots of departing aircraft should communicate with the control tower on the appropriate ground control/clearance delivery frequency prior to starting engines to receive engine start time, taxi and/or clearance information. Unless otherwise advised by the tower, remain on that frequency during taxiing and runup, then change to local control frequency when ready to request takeoff clearance.
b. The tower controller will consider that pilots of turbine-powered aircraft are ready for takeoff when they reach the runway or warm-up block unless advised otherwise.
c. The majority of ground control frequencies are in the 121.6-121.9 MHz bandwidth. Ground control frequencies are provided to eliminate frequency congestion on the tower (local control) frequency and are limited to communications between the tower and aircraft on the ground and between the tower and utility vehicles on the airport, provide a clear VHF channel for arriving and departing aircraft. They are used for issuance of taxi information, clearances, and other necessary contacts between the tower and aircraft or other vehicles operated on the airport. A pilot who has just landed should not change from the tower frequency to the ground control frequency until directed to do so by the controller. Normally, only one ground control frequency is assigned at an airport; however, at locations where the amount of traffic so warrants, a second ground control frequency and/or another frequency designated as a clearance delivery frequency, may be assigned.
d. A controller may omit the ground or local control frequency if the controller believes the pilot knows which frequency is in use. If the ground control frequency is in the 121 MHz bandwidth the controller may omit the numbers preceding the decimal point; e.g., 121.7, "CONTACT GROUND POINT SEVEN." However, if any doubt exists as to what frequency is in use, the pilot should promptly request the controller to provide that information.
e. Controllers will normally avoid issuing a radio frequency change to helicopters, known to be single-piloted, which are hovering, air taxiing, or flying near the ground. At times, it may be necessary for pilots to alert ATC regarding single pilot operations to minimize delay of essential ATC communications. Whenever possible, ATC instructions will be relayed through the frequency being monitored until a frequency change can be accomplished. You must promptly advise ATC if you are unable to comply with a frequency change. Also, you should advise ATC if you must land to accomplish the frequency change unless it is clear the landing will have no impact on other air traffic; e.g., on a taxiway or in a helicopter operating area.
4-3-15. Gate Holding Due to Departure Delays
a. Pilots should contact ground control or clearance delivery prior to starting engines as gate hold procedures will be in effect whenever departure delays exceed or are anticipated to exceed 15 minutes. The sequence for departure will be maintained in accordance with initial call up unless modified by flow control restrictions. Pilots should monitor the ground control or clearance delivery frequency for engine startup advisories or new proposed start time if the delay changes.
b. The tower controller will consider that pilots of turbine-powered aircraft are ready for takeoff when they reach the runway or warm-up block unless advised otherwise.
4-3-16. VFR Flights in Terminal Areas
Use reasonable restraint in exercising the prerogative of VFR flight, especially in terminal areas. The weather minimums and distances from clouds are minimums. Giving yourself a greater margin in specific instances is just good judgment.
a. Approach Area. Conducting a VFR operation in a Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E surface area when the official visibility is 3 or 4 miles is not prohibited, but good judgment would dictate that you keep out of the approach area.
b. Reduced Visibility. It has always been recognized that precipitation reduces forward visibility. Consequently, although again it may be perfectly legal to cancel your IFR flight plan at any time you can proceed VFR, it is good practice, when precipitation is occurring, to continue IFR operation into a terminal area until you are reasonably close to your destination.
c. Simulated Instrument Flights. In conducting simulated instrument flights, be sure that the weather is good enough to compensate for the restricted visibility of the safety pilot and your greater concentration on your flight instruments. Give yourself a little greater margin when your flight plan lies in or near a busy airway or close to an airport.
4-3-17. VFR Helicopter Operations at Controlled Airports
a. General.
1. The following ATC procedures and phraseologies recognize the unique capabilities of helicopters and were developed to improve service to all users. Helicopter design characteristics and user needs often require operations from movement areas and nonmovement areas within the airport boundary. In order for ATC to properly apply these procedures, it is essential that pilots familiarize themselves with the local operations and make it known to controllers when additional instructions are necessary.
2. Insofar as possible, helicopter operations will be instructed to avoid the flow of fixed-wing aircraft to minimize overall delays; however, there will be many situations where faster/larger helicopters may be integrated with fixed-wing aircraft for the benefit of all concerned. Examples would include IFR flights, avoidance of noise sensitive areas, or use of runways/taxiways to minimize the hazardous effects of rotor downwash in congested areas.
3. Because helicopter pilots are intimately familiar with the effects of rotor downwash, they are best qualified to determine if a given operation can be conducted safely. Accordingly, the pilot has the final authority with respect to the specific airspeed/altitude combinations. ATC clearances are in no way intended to place the helicopter in a hazardous position. It is expected that pilots will advise ATC if a specific clearance will cause undue hazards to persons or property.
b. Controllers normally limit ATC ground service and instruction to movement areas; therefore, operations from nonmovement areas are conducted at pilot discretion and should be based on local policies, procedures, or letters of agreement. In order to maximize the flexibility of helicopter operations, it is necessary to rely heavily on sound pilot judgment. For example, hazards such as debris, obstructions, vehicles, or personnel must be recognized by the pilot, and action should be taken as necessary to avoid such hazards. Taxi, hover taxi, and air taxi operations are considered to be ground movements. Helicopters conducting such operations are expected to adhere to the same conditions, requirements, and practices as apply to other ground taxiing and ATC procedures in the AIM.
1. The phraseology taxi is used when it is intended or expected that the helicopter will taxi on the airport surface, either via taxiways or other prescribed routes. Taxi is used primarily for helicopters equipped with wheels or in response to a pilot request. Preference should be given to this procedure whenever it is necessary to minimize effects of rotor downwash.
2. Pilots may request a hover taxi when slow forward movement is desired or when it may be appropriate to move very short distances. Pilots should avoid this procedure if rotor downwash is likely to cause damage to parked aircraft or if blowing dust/snow could obscure visibility. If it is necessary to operate above 25 feet AGL when hover taxiing, the pilot should initiate a request to ATC.
3. Air taxi is the preferred method for helicopter ground movements on airports provided ground operations and conditions permit. Unless otherwise requested or instructed, pilots are expected to remain below 100 feet AGL. However, if a higher than normal airspeed or altitude is desired, the request should be made prior to lift-off. The pilot is solely responsible for selecting a safe airspeed for the altitude/operation being conducted. Use of air taxi enables the pilot to proceed at an optimum airspeed/altitude, minimize downwash effect, conserve fuel, and expedite movement from one point to another. Helicopters should avoid overflight of other aircraft, vehicles, and personnel during air-taxi operations. Caution must be exercised concerning active runways and pilots must be certain that air taxi instructions are understood. Special precautions may be necessary at unfamiliar airports or airports with multiple/intersecting active runways. The taxi procedures given in Paragraph 4-3-18, Taxiing, Paragraph 4-3-19, Taxi During Low Visibility, and Paragraph 4-3-20, Exiting the Runway After Landing, also apply.
c. Takeoff and Landing Procedures.
1. Helicopter operations may be conducted from a runway, taxiway, portion of a landing strip, or any clear area which could be used as a landing site such as the scene of an accident, a construction site, or the roof of a building. The terms used to describe designated areas from which helicopters operate are: movement area, landing/takeoff area, apron/ramp, heliport and helipad (See Pilot/Controller Glossary). These areas may be improved or unimproved and may be separate from or located on an airport/heliport. ATC will issue takeoff clearances from movement areas other than active runways, or in diverse directions from active runways, with additional instructions as necessary. Whenever possible, takeoff clearance will be issued in lieu of extended hover/air taxi operations. Phraseology will be "CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF FROM (taxiway, helipad, runway number, etc.), MAKE RIGHT/ LEFT TURN FOR (direction, heading, NAVAID radial) DEPARTURE/DEPARTURE ROUTE (number, name, etc.)." Unless requested by the pilot, downwind takeoffs will not be issued if the tailwind exceeds 5 knots.
2. Pilots should be alert to wind information as well as to wind indications in the vicinity of the helicopter. ATC should be advised of the intended method of departing. A pilot request to takeoff in a given direction indicates that the pilot is willing to accept the wind condition and controllers will honor the request if traffic permits. Departure points could be a significant distance from the control tower and it may be difficult or impossible for the controller to determine the helicopter's relative position to the wind.
3. If takeoff is requested from nonmovement areas, an area not authorized for helicopter use, an area not visible from the tower, an unlighted area at night, or an area off the airport, the phraseology "DEPARTURE FROM (requested location) WILL BE AT YOUR OWN RISK (additional instructions, as necessary). USE CAUTION (if applicable)." The pilot is responsible for operating in a safe manner and should exercise due caution.
4. Similar phraseology is used for helicopter landing operations. Every effort will be made to permit helicopters to proceed direct and land as near as possible to their final destination on the airport. Traffic density, the need for detailed taxiing instructions, frequency congestion, or other factors may affect the extent to which service can be expedited. As with ground movement operations, a high degree of pilot/controller cooperation and communication is necessary to achieve safe and efficient operations.
4-3-18. Taxiing
a. General. Approval must be obtained prior to moving an aircraft or vehicle onto the movement area during the hours an Airport Traffic Control Tower is in operation.
1. Always state your position on the airport when calling the tower for taxi instructions.
2. The movement area is normally described in local bulletins issued by the airport manager or control tower. These bulletins may be found in FSSs, fixed base operators offices, air carrier offices, and operations offices.
3. The control tower also issues bulletins describing areas where they cannot provide ATC service due to nonvisibility or other reasons.
4. A clearance must be obtained prior to taxiing on a runway, taking off, or landing during the hours an Airport Traffic Control Tower is in operation.
5. A clearance must be obtained prior to crossing any runway. ATC will issue an explicit clearance for all runway crossings.
6. When assigned a takeoff runway, ATC will first specify the runway, issue taxi instructions, and state any hold short instructions or runway crossing clearances if the taxi route will cross a runway. This does not authorize the aircraft to "enter" or "cross" the assigned departure runway at any point. In order to preclude misunderstandings in radio communications, ATC will not use the word "cleared" in conjunction with authorization for aircraft to taxi.
7. When issuing taxi instructions to any point other than an assigned takeoff runway, ATC will specify the point to taxi to, issue taxi instructions, and state any hold short instructions or runway crossing clearances if the taxi route will cross a runway.
8. If a pilot is expected to hold short of a runway approach ("APPCH") area or ILS holding position (see FIG 2-3-15, Taxiways Located in Runway Approach Area), ATC will issue instructions.
9. When taxi instructions are received from the controller, pilots should always read back:
(a) The runway assignment.
(b) Any clearance to enter a specific runway.
(c) Any instruction to hold short of a specific runway or line up and wait.
Controllers are required to request a readback of runway hold short assignment when it is not received from the pilot/vehicle.
b. ATC clearances or instructions pertaining to taxiing are predicated on known traffic and known physical airport conditions. Therefore, it is important that pilots clearly understand the clearance or instruction. Although an ATC clearance is issued for taxiing purposes, when operating in accordance with the CFRs, it is the responsibility of the pilot to avoid collision with other aircraft. Since "the pilot-in-command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft" the pilot should obtain clarification of any clearance or instruction which is not understood.
1. Good operating practice dictates that pilots acknowledge all runway crossing, hold short, or takeoff clearances unless there is some misunderstanding, at which time the pilot should query the controller until the clearance is understood.
2. Pilots operating a single pilot aircraft should monitor only assigned ATC communications after being cleared onto the active runway for departure. Single pilot aircraft should not monitor other than ATC communications until flight from Class B, Class C, or Class D surface area is completed. This same procedure should be practiced from after receipt of the clearance for landing until the landing and taxi activities are complete. Proper effective scanning for other aircraft, surface vehicles, or other objects should be continuously exercised in all cases.
3. If the pilot is unfamiliar with the airport or for any reason confusion exists as to the correct taxi routing, a request may be made for progressive taxi instructions which include step-by-step routing directions. Progressive instructions may also be issued if the controller deems it necessary due to traffic or field conditions (for example, construction or closed taxiways).
c. At those airports where the U.S. Government operates the control tower and ATC has authorized noncompliance with the requirement for two-way radio communications while operating within the Class B, Class C, or Class D surface area, or at those airports where the U.S. Government does not operate the control tower and radio communications cannot be established, pilots must obtain a clearance by visual light signal prior to taxiing on a runway and prior to takeoff and landing.
d. The following phraseologies and procedures are used in radiotelephone communications with aeronautical ground stations.
1. Request for taxi instructions prior to departure. State your aircraft identification, location, type of operation planned (VFR or IFR), and the point of first intended landing.
2. Receipt of ATC clearance. ARTCC clearances are relayed to pilots by airport traffic controllers in the following manner.
3. Request for taxi instructions after landing. State your aircraft identification, location, and that you request taxi instructions.
4-3-19. Taxi During Low Visibility
a. Pilots and aircraft operators should be constantly aware that during certain low visibility conditions the movement of aircraft and vehicles on airports may not be visible to the tower controller. This may prevent visual confirmation of an aircraft's adherence to taxi instructions.
b. Of vital importance is the need for pilots to notify the controller when difficulties are encountered or at the first indication of becoming disoriented. Pilots should proceed with extreme caution when taxiing toward the sun. When vision difficulties are encountered pilots should immediately inform the controller.
c. Advisory Circular 120-57, Surface Movement Guidance and Control System, commonly known as SMGCS (pronounced "SMIGS") requires a low visibility taxi plan for any airport which has takeoff or landing operations in less than 1,200 feet runway visual range (RVR) visibility conditions. These plans, which affect aircrew and vehicle operators, may incorporate additional lighting, markings, and procedures to control airport surface traffic. They will be addressed at two levels; operations less than 1,200 feet RVR to 600 feet RVR and operations less than 600 feet RVR.
d. When low visibility conditions exist, pilots should focus their entire attention on the safe operation of the aircraft while it is moving. Checklists and nonessential communication should be withheld until the aircraft is stopped and the brakes set.
4-3-20. Exiting the Runway After Landing
The following procedures must be followed after landing and reaching taxi speed.
a. Exit the runway without delay at the first available taxiway or on a taxiway as instructed by ATC. Pilots must not exit the landing runway onto another runway unless authorized by ATC. At airports with an operating control tower, pilots should not stop or reverse course on the runway without first obtaining ATC approval.
b. Taxi clear of the runway unless otherwise directed by ATC. An aircraft is considered clear of the runway when all parts of the aircraft are past the runway edge and there are no restrictions to its continued movement beyond the runway holding position markings. In the absence of ATC instructions, the pilot is expected to taxi clear of the landing runway by taxiing beyond the runway holding position markings associated with the landing runway, even if that requires the aircraft to protrude into or cross another taxiway or ramp area. Once all parts of the aircraft have crossed the runway holding position markings, the pilot must hold unless further instructions have been issued by ATC.
2. Guidance contained in subparagraphs a and b above is considered an integral part of the landing clearance and satisfies the requirement of 14 CFR Section 91.129.
c. Immediately change to ground control frequency when advised by the tower and obtain a taxi clearance.
2. Ground control will issue taxi clearance to parking. That clearance does not authorize the aircraft to "enter" or "cross" any runways. Pilots not familiar with the taxi route should request specific taxi instructions from ATC.
4-3-21. Practice Instrument Approaches
a. Various air traffic incidents have indicated the necessity for adoption of measures to achieve more organized and controlled operations where practice instrument approaches are conducted. Practice instrument approaches are considered to be instrument approaches made by either a VFR aircraft not on an IFR flight plan or an aircraft on an IFR flight plan. To achieve this and thereby enhance air safety, it is Air Traffic's policy to provide for separation of such operations at locations where approach control facilities are located and, as resources permit, at certain other locations served by ARTCCs or parent approach control facilities. Pilot requests to practice instrument approaches may be approved by ATC subject to traffic and workload conditions. Pilots should anticipate that in some instances the controller may find it necessary to deny approval or withdraw previous approval when traffic conditions warrant. It must be clearly understood, however, that even though the controller may be providing separation, pilots on VFR flight plans are required to comply with basic VFR weather minimums (14 CFR Section 91.155). Application of ATC procedures or any action taken by the controller to avoid traffic conflictions does not relieve IFR and VFR pilots of their responsibility to see-and-avoid other traffic while operating in VFR conditions (14 CFR Section 91.113). In addition to the normal IFR separation minimums (which includes visual separation) during VFR conditions, 500 feet vertical separation may be applied between VFR aircraft and between a VFR aircraft and the IFR aircraft. Pilots not on IFR flight plans desiring practice instrument approaches should always state `practice' when making requests to ATC. Controllers will instruct VFR aircraft requesting an instrument approach to maintain VFR. This is to preclude misunderstandings between the pilot and controller as to the status of the aircraft. If pilots wish to proceed in accordance with instrument flight rules, they must specifically request and obtain, an IFR clearance.
b. Before practicing an instrument approach, pilots should inform the approach control facility or the tower of the type of practice approach they desire to make and how they intend to terminate it, i.e., full-stop landing, touch-and-go, or missed or low approach maneuver. This information may be furnished progressively when conducting a series of approaches. Pilots on an IFR flight plan, who have made a series of instrument approaches to full stop landings should inform ATC when they make their final landing. The controller will control flights practicing instrument approaches so as to ensure that they do not disrupt the flow of arriving and departing itinerant IFR or VFR aircraft. The priority afforded itinerant aircraft over practice instrument approaches is not intended to be so rigidly applied that it causes grossly inefficient application of services. A minimum delay to itinerant traffic may be appropriate to allow an aircraft practicing an approach to complete that approach.
c. At airports without a tower, pilots wishing to make practice instrument approaches should notify the facility having control jurisdiction of the desired approach as indicated on the approach chart. All approach control facilities and ARTCCs are required to publish a Letter to Airmen depicting those airports where they provide standard separation to both VFR and IFR aircraft conducting practice instrument approaches.
d. The controller will provide approved separation between both VFR and IFR aircraft when authorization is granted to make practice approaches to airports where an approach control facility is located and to certain other airports served by approach control or an ARTCC. Controller responsibility for separation of VFR aircraft begins at the point where the approach clearance becomes effective, or when the aircraft enters Class B or Class C airspace, or a TRSA, whichever comes first.
e. VFR aircraft practicing instrument approaches are not automatically authorized to execute the missed approach procedure. This authorization must be specifically requested by the pilot and approved by the controller. Separation will not be provided unless the missed approach has been approved by ATC.
f. Except in an emergency, aircraft cleared to practice instrument approaches must not deviate from the approved procedure until cleared to do so by the controller.
g. At radar approach control locations when a full approach procedure (procedure turn, etc.,) cannot be approved, pilots should expect to be vectored to a final approach course for a practice instrument approach which is compatible with the general direction of traffic at that airport.
h. When granting approval for a practice instrument approach, the controller will usually ask the pilot to report to the tower prior to or over the final approach fix inbound (nonprecision approaches) or over the outer marker or fix used in lieu of the outer marker inbound (precision approaches).
i. When authorization is granted to conduct practice instrument approaches to an airport with a tower, but where approved standard separation is not provided to aircraft conducting practice instrument approaches, the tower will approve the practice approach, instruct the aircraft to maintain VFR and issue traffic information, as required.
j. When an aircraft notifies a FSS providing Local Airport Advisory to the airport concerned of the intent to conduct a practice instrument approach and whether or not separation is to be provided, the pilot will be instructed to contact the appropriate facility on a specified frequency prior to initiating the approach. At airports where separation is not provided, the FSS will acknowledge the message and issue known traffic information but will neither approve or disapprove the approach.
k. Pilots conducting practice instrument approaches should be particularly alert for other aircraft operating in the local traffic pattern or in proximity to the airport.
4-3-22. Option Approach
The "Cleared for the Option" procedure will permit an instructor, flight examiner or pilot the option to make a touch-and-go, low approach, missed approach, stop-and-go, or full stop landing. This procedure can be very beneficial in a training situation in that neither the student pilot nor examinee would know what maneuver would be accomplished. The pilot should make a request for this procedure passing the final approach fix inbound on an instrument approach or entering downwind for a VFR traffic pattern. The advantages of this procedure as a training aid are that it enables an instructor or examiner to obtain the reaction of a trainee or examinee under changing conditions, the pilot would not have to discontinue an approach in the middle of the procedure due to student error or pilot proficiency requirements, and finally it allows more flexibility and economy in training programs. This procedure will only be used at those locations with an operational control tower and will be subject to ATC approval.
4-3-23. Use of Aircraft Lights
a. Aircraft position lights are required to be lighted on aircraft operated on the surface and in flight from sunset to sunrise. In addition, aircraft equipped with an anti-collision light system are required to operate that light system during all types of operations (day and night). However, during any adverse meteorological conditions, the pilot-in-command may determine that the anti-collision lights should be turned off when their light output would constitute a hazard to safety (14 CFR Section 91.209). Supplementary strobe lights should be turned off on the ground when they adversely affect ground personnel or other pilots, and in flight when there are adverse reflection from clouds.
b. An aircraft anti-collision light system can use one or more rotating beacons and/or strobe lights, be colored either red or white, and have different (higher than minimum) intensities when compared to other aircraft. Many aircraft have both a rotating beacon and a strobe light system.
c. The FAA has a voluntary pilot safety program, Operation Lights On, to enhance the see-and-avoid concept. Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing lights during takeoff; i.e., either after takeoff clearance has been received or when beginning takeoff roll. Pilots are further encouraged to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000 feet, day or night, especially when operating within 10 miles of any airport, or in conditions of reduced visibility and in areas where flocks of birds may be expected, i.e., coastal areas, lake areas, around refuse dumps, etc. Although turning on aircraft lights does enhance the see-and-avoid concept, pilots should not become complacent about keeping a sharp lookout for other aircraft. Not all aircraft are equipped with lights and some pilots may not have their lights turned on. Aircraft manufacturer's recommendations for operation of landing lights and electrical systems should be observed.
d. Prop and jet blast forces generated by large aircraft have overturned or damaged several smaller aircraft taxiing behind them. To avoid similar results, and in the interest of preventing upsets and injuries to ground personnel from such forces, the FAA recommends that air carriers and commercial operators turn on their rotating beacons anytime their aircraft engines are in operation. General aviation pilots using rotating beacon equipped aircraft are also encouraged to participate in this program which is designed to alert others to the potential hazard. Since this is a voluntary program, exercise caution and do not rely solely on the rotating beacon as an indication that aircraft engines are in operation.
e. Prior to commencing taxi, it is recommended to turn on navigation, position, anticollision, and logo lights (if equipped). To signal intent to other pilots, consider turning on the taxi light when the aircraft is moving or intending to move on the ground, and turning it off when stopped or yielding to other ground traffic. Strobe lights should not be illuminated during taxi if they will adversely affect the vision of other pilots or ground personnel.
f. At the discretion of the pilotincommand, all exterior lights should be illuminated when taxiing on or across any runway. This increases the conspicuousness of the aircraft to controllers and other pilots approaching to land, taxiing, or crossing the runway. Pilots should comply with any equipment operating limitations and consider the effects of landing and strobe lights on other aircraft in their vicinity.
g. When entering the departure runway for takeoff or to "line up and wait," all lights, except for landing lights, should be illuminated to make the aircraft conspicuous to ATC and other aircraft on approach. Landing lights should be turned on when takeoff clearance is received or when commencing takeoff roll at an airport without an operating control tower.
4-3-24. Flight Inspection/`Flight Check' Aircraft in Terminal Areas
a. Flight check is a call sign used to alert pilots and air traffic controllers when a FAA aircraft is engaged in flight inspection/certification of NAVAIDs and flight procedures. Flight check aircraft fly preplanned high/low altitude flight patterns such as grids, orbits, DME arcs, and tracks, including low passes along the full length of the runway to verify NAVAID performance.
b. Pilots should be especially watchful and avoid the flight paths of any aircraft using the call sign "Flight Check." These flights will normally receive special handling from ATC. Pilot patience and cooperation in allowing uninterrupted recordings can significantly help expedite flight inspections, minimize costly, repetitive runs, and reduce the burden on the U.S. taxpayer.
4-3-25. Hand Signals


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2. The Dead Keep It
For Arandil, who requested drabbles with Elladan and/or Elrohir.
The air is damp under this dark mountain. A chill and angry wind blows, whispering eerie warnings against the rocks. Swirling mist and tangled hair and the smell of dirt and decay. What madness would lead a man here? who would desire to see this place of dust and haze and fear, a dead men's haunt? It is no strange thing that those who venture here return not. Perhaps they die of terror, or of cold, or of madness. Their ghostly voices cry in the blackness of this, their tomb. But if I am afraid, I shall not admit it.
It is dark, black as night, this shadowy mountain. No light enters here. It is shut out by the mountain's perpetual night, driven back by an icy wind. Blinded, we scramble slowly over rocks, finding nonexistent paths through the darkness. The dust chokes and the air chills. A cursed place indeed. Every step echoes off the stone, too loud. Always too loud in this dark. The rushing of the wind cannot drown out the beating of my heart. The mist which blinds my eyes surely is not itself blind. And if I am afraid, I am not the only one.
This is a work of fan fiction, written because the author has an abiding love for the works of J R R Tolkien. The characters, settings, places, and languages used in this work are the property of the Tolkien Estate, Tolkien Enterprises, and possibly New Line Cinema, except for certain original characters who belong to the author of the said work. The author will not receive any money or other remuneration for presenting the work on this archive site. The work is the intellectual property of the author, is available solely for the enjoyment of Henneth Annûn Story Archive readers, and may not be copied or redistributed by any means without the explicit written consent of the author.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A cast brass, oval-backed, single-light wall sconce with foliate details.
With some minimal discoloration on arms.
FINISH: Burnished Brass
overall: 8" h. x 3-1/2" w. x 5" d.
backplate: 6" h. x 3-1/2" w.
Please contact your local showroom about viewing this item.
All Sample Sale items are sold AS IS. No Refunds or Exchanges permitted.


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Dina Lohan Gossip
Dina Lohan gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
How Lindsay Lohan prepares for court
Wenn, Jackson Lee/ Splash
After TMZ reported yesterday that Lindsay Lohan was trying to not show up at court by using a doctor's note even though she was papped shopping in New York, she was seen with her mother Dina last night flying in to LA well after midnight. As you can see, she was well dressed for the occasion. Full Story
Liars and their denials
Lindsay Lohan called into TMZ yesterday. Click here if you have the time to listen to almost 15 minutes of a liar's denial. I did. So I can save you the waste. In short: Her dad is the enemy and her ma, Dina, is the real hero, and Dina doesn't use cocaine, and yes she gave her $40K to pay off her debts because Michael doesn't pay child support. Full Story
Liars taping liars
TMZ has released audio of a hysterical Lindsay Lohan calling up her father Michael last night during that scrap with her mother. WHY IS HE TAPING THEIR CONVERSATIONS? Here's what is said: Dina appeared to be on cocaine. Dina took 40 grand from Lindsay to keep her house. Full Story
Another proud night for the family of dickheads
Lindsay and Dina Lohan scrapped last night. They were at a club at 4am. On their way home to Long Island they started slapping each other. Lindsay has a cut on her leg and her ma broke her bracelet. The cops were called on a domestic. No one was arrested. I would like to believe that Dina was finally giving her daughter some structure -- at dawn, after a night of partying. Full Story
Lindsay and Dina are the same
I waited until after dinner last night, with a glass of wine, before turning on Dr Phil's interview with Dina Lohan. Jacek and I watched together. The best part is that he was a little red-eyed. So it got a little trippy for him whenever she got a little trippy which was...constantly. You've heard it everywhere else how f-cked up she was. Full Story
Dr Phil & the Drunk
I don't watch Dr Phil. But I think I might if this preview delivers on its promise -- that he will call out Dina Lohan for being a piece of sh-t and raising a piece of sh-t. Lindsay Lohan, of course. It's the most glorious low-classy body language you have ever seen. It's the trademark Lohan denial and excuse-making. Full Story
A Rock Girlfriend > Dina Lohan
Jason Winslow /Splash
Vulture's interview with Bebe Buell was the best thing I read yesterday. SO good. Like vintage smut. She keeps saying back in the day, it was a different life, it was a different way. Have you seen Almost Famous? Penny Lane played by Kate Hudson? That was inspired by Bebe Buell. Bebe Buell, I just like saying the whole name, is Liv Tyler's mother. Full Story
Dina vs Glee/GOOP
Some people you love to hate. I love to hate Katherine Heigl. It's so much fun. And Jessica Biel too. Very entertaining. Many of you feel the same way about Gwyneth Paltrow. I get that. She's always there, giving you reason. But Dina Lohan, Dina Lohan you can't love to hate. Dina Lohan you just hate. Full Story
Be glib if you want to...
But don't forget to be tough. He has to be tough. So TMZ reports that Dina Lohan, who can't stay off camera, will be on The Today Show tomorrow morning for an interview with Matt Lauer to discuss, obviously, Lindsay's time in jail and how she's doing in rehab. Full Story
Shoes are more important than children
It's Dina Lohan's mantra. She was in New York yesterday promoting the Shoe-Han. See I don't have much faith in mankind. Some idiots WILL actually buy this sh-t. After all, there are f-cking losers out there who are also buying Ebola Paris Hilton's lame sh-t. People suck. So ss you'd expect, Dina was asked at the event about Michael Lohan's shocking "revelation" Full Story
Media outlets today received this in their inboxes. Me too! It's a press release. About Dina Lohan. See below: Contact Josie Z DINA LOHAN, ONE OF THE WORLD'S MOST FAMOUS MOTHERS TO ANNOUNCE HER OWN DESIGNER SHOELINE ''SHOE-HAN'' AND BECOME NATIONAL SPOKESMODEL AT NEWS CONFERENCE ON THURS OCT 8TH-2pm NYC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dina Lohan, diva and star of the hit E! show "Living Lohan," as well as mother to actress and starlet Lindsay, will be holding a major press conference and media reception on Thursday October, 8th at 2pm at Trump Plaza, 725 5th Avenue, Floor 21, Marc Fisher showroom, to announce a creation of her new own shoe line, "Shoe-han'' as well as becoming a national spokesmodel for the popular LoveMyShoes. Full Story


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Park City is definitely among the top choices when it comes to choosing a vacationing site for either families or individuals. One of the best aspects of Park City is that it has something to offer everyone regardless if it is adventure, entertainment or just plain relaxation. This is why it is so important to rent the best condo or lodging that suit your needs for your ski vacation. Select vacation rentals near Old Town, Main Street, or ski in ski out – right at the ski hills and resorts!
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When it comes to choosing a summer or winter vacation spot for the whole family, for a couple or group - or a getaway venue for the annual company meeting - there are many aspects to consider. For one, the place chosen needs to provide the ideal blend of fun activities and relaxation, as well as enough privacy and comfort for both those who prefer to stay indoors or for those who have schedules meetings or business reunions.
Thankfully, Park City, Utah is the one place in the United States that provides not only a wide array of cultural and entertainment venues, but that also sports the best lodging and vacation rentals options when enjoying them. Park City UT offers a stunning number of hotels for both big families and organizations with the perfect stay alternative that provides them with both the space and the privacy they will need in order to fully enjoy everything that the city has to offer.
When it comes to things to do and to see, Park City definitely holds the top spot in North America, offering visitors a wide array to choose from regardless of their particular interests. Highlights include skiing, snowboarding, horseback riding, golfing, shopping and sightseeing, among many other things that the city provides visitors with.
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For this reason, feel free to browse our exclusive vacation rentals & lodging in Park City Utah and surrounding areas, which are only but the best and most select ones available in the city, and which guarantee you will have the best time regardless of what your plans and demands are. Complete with hot tubs, wireless internet and many features like optional transportation, our condos and homes help make us the choice of vacationers to PC year in and year out. Book your reservation in Park City Utah today!


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Summary Report for:
47-4099.03 - Weatherization Installers and Technicians
Perform a variety of activities to weatherize homes and make them more energy efficient. Duties include repairing windows, insulating ducts, and performing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) work. May perform energy audits and advise clients on energy conservation measures.
Sample of reported job titles: Building Analyst/Supervisor, Director of Housing and Energy Services, Energy Administrator, Energy Assistant, Energy Auditor, Energy Conservation Director, Housing Director, Lead Weatherization Installer-Technician, Weatherization Director, Weatherization Installer
Tasks | Tools & Technology | Knowledge | Skills | Abilities | Work Activities | Work Context | Job Zone | Education | Credentials | Interests | Work Styles | Work Values | Wages & Employment | Job Openings
- Test and diagnose air flow systems, using furnace efficiency analysis equipment.
- Inspect buildings to identify required weatherization measures, including repair work, modification, or replacement.
- Maintain activity logs, financial transaction logs, or other records of weatherization work performed.
- Apply insulation materials such as loose, blanket, board, and foam insulation to attics, crawl spaces, basements, or walls.
- Prepare or assist in the preparation of bids, contracts, or written reports related to weatherization work.
- Install and seal air ducts, combustion air openings, or ventilation openings to improve heating and cooling efficiency.
- Recommend weatherization techniques to clients in accordance with needs and applicable energy regulations, codes, policies, or statutes.
- Explain energy conservation measures, such as the use of low flow showerheads and energy efficient lighting.
- Explain recommendations, policies, procedures, requirements, or other related information to residents or building owners.
- Clean and maintain tools and equipment.
Tools & Technology
Tools used in this occupation:
|Leak testing equipment — Blower doors; Smoke generators
|Power saws — Circular saws; Reciprocating saws
|Screwdrivers — Phillips head screwdrivers; Straight screwdrivers
|Squares — Combination squares; Framing squares
|Voltage or current meters — Digital voltmeters DVM; Non-contact voltage detectors
Technology used in this occupation:
|Calendar and scheduling software — Work scheduling software
|Customer relationship management CRM software — Salesforce.com Salesforce CRM
|Data base user interface and query software — Energy use ratings databases; Microsoft Access
|Office suite software — Microsoft Office software
|Project management software — Microsoft Project
|Building and Construction — Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
|Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
|Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
|Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
|Production and Processing — Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
|Administration and Management — Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
|Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
|Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
|Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
|Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
|Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
|Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
|Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
|Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
|Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
|Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
|Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
|Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
|Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
|Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
|Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
|Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
|Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
|Multilimb Coordination — The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
|Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Work Activities
|Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
|Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
|Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
|Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
|Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
|Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
|Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment — Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or water craft.
|Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
|Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
|Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Work Context
|Face-to-Face Discussions — 86% responded "Every day."
|Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 67% responded "Every day."
|Work With Work Group or Team — 66% responded "Extremely important."
|Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 73% responded "Every day."
|Telephone — 69% responded "Every day."
|Contact With Others — 55% responded "Constant contact with others."
|Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 67% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
|Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 43% responded "Continually or almost continually."
|Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — 43% responded "High responsibility."
|Exposed to Contaminants — 50% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
Job Zone
|Job Zone Two: Some Preparation Needed
|These occupations usually require a high school diploma.
|Related Experience
|Some previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is usually needed. For example, a teller would benefit from experience working directly with the public.
|Job Training
|Employees in these occupations need anywhere from a few months to one year of working with experienced employees. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
|Job Zone Examples
|These occupations often involve using your knowledge and skills to help others. Examples include sheet metal workers, forest fire fighters, customer service representatives, physical therapist aides, salespersons (retail), and tellers.
|SVP Range
|(4.0 to < 6.0)
Percentage of Respondents
|Education Level Required
|High school diploma or equivalent
|Post-secondary certificate
|Less than high school diploma
Interest code: RC
|Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
|Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
Work Styles
|Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
|Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
|Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
|Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
|Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
|Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
|Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
|Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
|Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
|Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
Work Values
|Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
|Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
|Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
Wages & Employment Trends
Median wages data collected from Construction and Related Workers, All Other.
Employment data collected from Construction and Related Workers, All Other.
Industry data collected from Construction and Related Workers, All Other.
|Median wages (2014)
|$17.02 hourly, $35,400 annual
|State wages
|Employment (2012)
|36,000 employees
|Projected growth (2012-2022)
|Average (8% to 14%)
|Projected job openings (2012-2022)
|State trends
|Top industries (2012)
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2014 wage data and 2012-2022 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2012-2022). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.


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Evergreen Lawn Spreader
- Product rating
This lawn spreader is suitable for use whilst landscaping your garden or outdoor space.
- Guarantee - 1 year
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Features and benefits
- Large wheels for ease of use
- Superior entry-level drop spreader
- 53cm spreader width
Technical specifications
|Colour description
Help & Advice
How to guides
How to trim a hedge
Hedges are excellent features which can provide additional privacy, a great habitat for birds or other wildlife and a tidy border for your garden. Most hedges are not especially high maintenance, but do require a trim every now and then to prevent them losing their shape or casting unwanted shade.
Buying guides
Building and landscaping tools buying guide
Do you know your pointing hawk from your pointing trowel? What about bolster chisels, club hammers and long bars? Building and landscape gardening comes with a whole catalogue of specialist tools - so if you're going to do the job, make sure you get the right ones.
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The low tide uncovered this vibrant sea moss in the rocky shores just north of Los Angeles in the Santa Monica Mountains.
See more from the 2008 International Photography Contest: Winners' galleries, puzzles, and wallpaper.
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© 1996-2015 National Geographic Society. All rights reserved.


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Ancient Ones
The World of the Old-Growth Douglas Fir
Paperback, 32 pages
Ages: 6-10; Grades: 1-5
Deep in the old-growth forest, the earth is moist and the air is thick with the fragrance of decomposing needles. Lichen-covered logs crisscross the forest floor, and lush green moss clings to the ancient Douglas firs that tower overhead. All is still and silent. Or is it?
Look carefully and you might see the flicker of a bluebird among the branches. Listen closely and you may hear the rustling of tiny mice in the underbrush. For the world of the Ancient Ones is teeming with life -- from the Douglas squirrels and marbled murrelets that make their homes high in the forest canopy, to the millipedes and sowbugs that probe their way through the fallen logs one hundred fifty feet below.
In lyrical prose and vivid watercolor paintings, acclaimed author-artist Barbara Bash captures the on-going drama of the old-growth world as she traces the life cycle not only of the Douglas fir, but of the forest itself. Both beautiful and informative, Ancient Ones will inspire reverence and awe in readers of all ages for the last of these majestic giants and the intricate web of life they support.
Barbara Bash has written and illustrated four other children's books for the Sierra Club, including two previous Tree Tales -- Tree of Life: The World of the African Baobab and Desert Giant: The World of the Saguaro Cactus. She lives in upstate New York.
NOTE: Ancient Ones is printed on paper containing a minimum of 50% recovered waste (of which at least 10% is post-consumer waste) and absolutely no fiber from old-growth trees.


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Since 1890 Pirelli has always stood for high-performance tires. Technological innovation in tires today can be found in our flagship product MIRS, robotic process for the production of high performance tires, which has become a well-established industrial reality. Find the nearest Pirelli Dealers in the sales network that covers the whole United States. Our tire specialists are ready to help you find the solution that best suits you.


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Pterosaurs, like these depicted gliding near an ancient sea, first arose during the Triassic period about 215 million years ago. They endured for 150 million years, colonizing every continent and evolving into more than 120 species. They died out along with the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous.
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Dealing Effectively with Negative Stress
Then there's that other kind of stress. Like when you receive notice from Uncle Sam that your tax return is about to be audited, or your spouse calls to tell you that the car's just been towed to Larry's Car Barn because something under the hood caught on fire, or your child decides that it's time to paint his room with a magic marker. These kinds of stressors, which no doubt most of us would consider negative, have a way of keeping our lives from becoming a sea of tranquility.
Finally, some of us suffer under long-term negative stress, sometimes referred to as chronic stress. This kind of stress is characterized day in and day out by circumstances we perceive as unpleasant. For example, many consider the constant pressure they're under in their jobs a form of chronic negative stress.
Why Deal With Stress?
Whether we like it or not, stress, both positive and negative, is a part of human existence. Health professionals are warning us, however, that if we want to live long and healthy lives, we must learn how to deal effectively and constructively with negative stress. Some reasons follow.
Studies done by researchers at the University of Texas point to the conclusion that when our brains are under negative stress, they manufacture an excess amount of a hormone called ACTH. This hormone inhibits our body's production of white blood cells, which make up our immune system and are vital for warding off disease.1 Cancer is a disease of a weakened immune system.
Heart Attacks, Strokes, and Nervous Breakdowns
It all starts as the body's stores of vitamins and minerals are drained. Vitamin C reserves are the first to come under attack during stressful periods. Huge amounts of B vitamins, A, E, and pantothenic acid are used up as well. As the stores of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium are also depleted, your body draws replacement minerals from bones, teeth, hair, organs, and other tissues to meet the demands. Under stress the stomach also slows down its production of hydrochloric acid. When this happens protein metabolism becomes impaired. Bottom line, you're losing more nutrients than you're able to replace. You're on your way to a complete health breakdown of some kind.
In his book Lazy Person's Guide to Better Nutrition, Gordon S. Tessler, Ph.D., observes: "As the body becomes deficient in essential nutrients, its ability to resist the stressors diminishes. If a stress is prolonged for weeks, months or years, the body is unable to convert cholesterol into needed hormones. Such continued stress results in complete exhaustion and total collapse."2 Heart attacks, strokes, and "nervous breakdowns" are examples of what happens to a body completely drained by stress.
Other Health Problems
In his book Coronary? Cancer? God's Answer: Prevent It!, author and medical doctor Richard Brennan points out that "emotional stress causes or aggravates disorders of the digestive system, the circulatory system, the genito-urinary system, the nervous system, and the glands of internal secretion, as well as causing allergic disorders, muscle-joint disorders, infections, and eye and skin disease."3
More specifically, these system disorders include things like high blood pressure, migraine headaches, neckaches, ulcers, diarrhea, colitis, irritable bowels, constipation, dizziness, depression, respiratory infections, and allergies.
How to Deal With Stress
Obviously, eliminating all forms of negative stress from our lives is simply not possible. Life just doesn't work that way. However, you and I can do some very practical things to help ourselves deal more effectively and constructively with life's not-so-positive circumstances. We don't need to play helpless victim, letting negative situations have their way with our health. Dr. Nancy Appleton points out that "it's not life's situations, but how we deal with them, which determines whether we let stress become distress."4
What follows are ten ways to keep stress from becoming distress.
From HEALTHY HABITS: 20 Simple Ways to Improve Your Health by David J. Frahm as used by arrangement with Jeremy P. Tarcher, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. Copyright © 2003 by David and Anne Frahm. All rights reserved.
To order this book visit www.penguin.com. Get a 15% discount with the coupon code FENPARENT.


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(Seymour, WI)- After early season rainouts Wades Pit Stop and Weslow Water Systems will join Bork plastering as the three sponsors for the July 17th event. Racing gets going at 6 p.m. Sunday nights at Seymour Super Speedway. After problems for Benji Lacrosse last Sunday, Brian Mullen extended his lead in the Budweiser IMCA Modifieds by 11 points. Mike Wedelstadt won the feature. Kyle Frederick was the gainer last week in the IMCA Stockcars as Shawn Wagner had a tire go flat under green flag racing. Frederick now holds a 16 point lead on Wagner. Bill Kelsey won his first career IMCA Stockcar feature at Seymour Super Speedway. Eric Arneson holds a five point lead in the IMCA Northern Sportmods over a couple of Brad's. Theys and Lautenbach are tied for second. Jeremy Cota won his first feature of the season in the Sportmods last week. Dan Gracyalny has used consistency to dominate the Street Stock standings. Gracyalny holds a 12 point margin over Oshkosh's Jerry Winkler. tin Vannieuwenhoven and Sam Ambrosius are the current point leaders in the 4 Cylinders. 2010 champion Brian Johnson won last week's main event.
Seymour Super Speedway's GPS Address is Seymour Speedway, 637 North Main St. Seymour, WI 54165. The track phone number is (920)833-7726. For more information check out www.seymoursuperspeedway.com


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sienna wrote:One other great use for shade cloth is to make a draw string bag out of it for all your kids' sand toys. Put them in the bag while sandy and then just dunk the whole thing in the water. cleans all the toys at once. very easy!
Kbel wrote:Sorry to be such a noob, but do I need to get another pole and 2 shorter ridge bars or can I just get 1 long one (the span is 420cm)?
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Apartment #9 features:
To view a map of our base and lodging area, click here.
View Sipapu's Reservation and Cancellation Policy.
To check availability and make a reservation, please call 800-587-2240.
The rates quoted for this unit are based on 3 guests. Sipapu will charge an additional $9 per night for each additional guest.Please note: all accommodations at Sipapu Ski & Summer Resort are non-smoking. Check-in time is 3:00 p.m., and check-out time is 11:00 a.m.


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WATCH: Aloe Blacc's The MAN, Lady Gaga's G.U.Y. Cat Remix, Lily Allen + more!
Plus the Biggest Little March Madness Fan & The Most Epic Singer Impressions Ever!
And in case you missed, here's what happens when you (we) speak Beyonce lyrics to Strangers in iHeartRadio's #DRUNKINLIFE:
All Things iHeartRadio Country Festival Here!
Plus, Check out Paul The Web Guy and iHeartRadio's 5 Things You Need To Know every week on OK!TV. Check here for local listings.


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Tag: the walking dead
Showing results 773-812 of 1104
PRESS RELEASE: Kirkman Preps "Walking Dead: Rise of the Governor" Novel
Dark Knight Rises, Thor 2, Nonplayer: Aug 5th Comic Reel
Catwoman arrives in official photo! "Thor 2" director may know that winter is coming! "Nonplayer" to become a feature film! Also, a "Guardians of the Galaxy" movie in the works and much more.
First Look: "The Walking Dead" Video Game
Robert Kirkman's "The Walking Dead" gets the video game treatment thanks to Telltale Games, and CBR News has screenshots and details on the game's original story.
CCI: Robert Kirkman Panel
Robert Kirkman gave panel-goers a treat at Comic-Con International, answering audience questions everything from "Invincible" and "The Walking Dead" and discussing new projects coming down the line from Skybound.
Cowboys & Aliens, Avengers, Dark Knight Rises: July 29th Comic Reel
Harrison Ford on "Cowboys" costuming! A glimpse of "The Avengers" teaser online! Video from the "Dark Knight Rises" press conference! Also, Kevin Bacon to join "R.I.P.D.," "Ghost Rider 2" pics and more.
AMC Releases Statement on "Walking Dead" Creative Shake Up
AMC has released an official statement on the departure of "Frank Darabont as "The Walking Dead's" showrunner, officially naming writer/producer Glen Mazzara as his replacement.
Ghost Rider 2, Dark Knight Rises, Cowboys & Aliens: July 28th Comic Reel
Nic Cage talks "Ghost Rider" moves! "Dark Knight Rises" in Pittsburgh! Olive Wilde about "Cowboys & Aliens!" Also, Marvel Studios president on the new Hulk, a new "Walking Dead" showrunner and more.
Man of Steel, Ghost Rider 2, Cowboys & Aliens: July 27th Comic Reel
Star Henry Cavill praises "Superman" script! Nic Cage on the flaming skull of "Ghost Rider 2!" Daniel Craig on his love of western movies. Also, Frank Darabont departs "The Walking Dead" and more.
Frank Darabont Exits "The Walking Dead"
Frank Darabont, who was instrumental in bringing Robert Kirkman's comic "The Walking Dead" to television, has reportedly stepped down as showrunner for AMC's hit zombie series.
PRESS RELEASE: Fox International Channels Announces "The Walking Dead" Season 2 Launch Dates
Umbrella Academy, Cowboys & Aliens, Dredd: July 26th Comic Reel
"Umbrella Academy" gets a re-write from "Dodgeball" director! Jon Favreau talks directing "Cowboys & Aliens!" Also, Karl Urban gets the "Dredd" scowl down in new photo, Comic-Con highlights and more.
CCI: Kirkman & Darabont Liven Up the "Walking Dead" Panel
The cast and crew of AMC's "The Walking Dead" discuss Season Two, new emotional hurdles for the survivors and what that zombie blood is made of.
The Avengers, Conan, Mutts: July 25th Comic Reel
"The Avengers" assemble ... in poster form! Jason Momoa talks taking on "Conan!" Comic strip "Mutts" to be an animated feature! Also, the highs and lows of the "Amazing Spider-Man" panel and more.
CCI: "The Walking Dead" Cast And Creators Talk Season Two
CBR spoke with the cast and crew of "The Walking Dead" about season two, plot differences between the comic and the TV show, and what to look for in casting a zombie.
CCI: Creator Owned Panel with Robert Kirkman
At Comic-Con International, Robert Kirkman, Brian K. Vaughn, Jonathan Ross, Jonathan Hickman, Frank Cho, and Fiona Staples are announcing new projects and talking about owning your own work.
CBR TV @ CCI: Kirkman on "The Infinite," "Walking Dead" & More
Robert Kirkman keeps his CBR TV appearance streak alive, discussing "The Walking Dead" prose novel, the AMC series' second season, "The Infinite" and more.
CCI: "Walking Dead" Gets Epic Trailer, Premiere Date
AMC has released the four-and-a-half minute trailer for the second season of "The Walking Dead," which will premiere on Oct. 16. SPINOFF has details.
The Wolverine, Man of Steel, Chickenhare: July 22nd Comic Reel
"The Wolverine" to fight Silver Samurai! "Man of Steel" delayed to 2013! Dark Horse's "Chickenhare" to become an animated film! Also, "Spider-Man" poster debuts, Cap's new threads, and more.
CCI: Kirkman's Skybound Entertainment Panel
Robert Kirkman brings collaborators from his incoming Image Comics series "The Infinite" and "Thief of Thieves" as well as news of "The Walking Dead" and "Invincible" to Comic-Con with Skybound Entertainment.
PRESS RELEASE: Abrams to Publish Companion Books for "The Walking Dead"
EXCLUSIVE: Adlard Covers "The Walking Dead: The Board Game"
"Walking Dead" artist Charlie Adlard lends his talents to this fall's upcoming board game based on Robert Kirkman's ever-popular Image Comics zombie epic!
300: The Battle of Artemisia, Dredd, Captain America: July 18th Comic Reel
"300" prequel snares a director! First official shot of "Dredd!" New "Captain America" featurette and poster debut online. Also, "Rust" to be a movie, Gwyneth Paltrow on "Avengers" set and more.
Image Comics Solicitations for October 2011
Image has released artwork and solicitation information for new comics on sale in October 2011, including new issues of "The Walking Dead," "The Infinite," "Chew," "Morning Glories," the new "Pilot Season," and more!
PRESS RELEASE: Image Announces Comic-Con International Exclusives
Stephenson Looks to Image Comics' Future
Publisher Eric Stephenson tells CBR about capturing attention in the wake of DC's relaunch, a new ratings system, the future of "Image United" and big plans for Image's 20th year.
PRESS RELEASE: Image Comics Announces Full Comic-Con International Panel Schedule
PRESS RELEASE: Kirkman's Skybound Announces Comic-Con Panels, Signings & Exclusives
Cowboys & Aliens, The Dark Knight Rises, Captain America: July 12th Comic Reel
New "Cowboys & Aliens" featurette talks genre-mashing! First "Dark Knight Rises" poster revealed! Chris Evans on "Captain America's" patriotic costume. Also, Emma Stone talks Gwen Stacey and more.
Comics A.M. - "The Walking Dead" Bookstore Streak; "Parker" Delay
"Naruto," "The Walking Dead" lead BookScan chart! Darwyn Cooke announces delay of "Parker: The Martini Edition"! A history of comics renumbering! Robert Kirkman talks Comic-Con! Plus much more!
Man of Steel, Captain America, Conan: July 8th Comic Reel
"Man of Steel" plot synopsis revealed? New "Captain America" stills show off the Howling Commandos! Rose MacGowan talks "Conan" character! Also, Marvel at D23, "Batman: Year One" trailer, and more.
Cowboys & Aliens, Captain America, Undying Love: July 7th Comic Reel
"Cowboys & Aliens" director interviews Steven Spielberg! Kevin Feige talks "Captain America!" Warner Bros believes in "Undying Love." Also, new Tintin photo, S.H.I.E.L.D. at Comic-Con, and more.
The Dark Knight Rises, Thor 2, Cowboys & Aliens: July 5th Comic Reel
First video from "Dark Knight Rises" set appears online! "Thor 2" finds a screenwriter! Olivia Wilde talks "Cowboys & Aliens!" Also, "Captain America" goes abroad with its full title and more.
The Wolverine, Conan, Doctor Strange: Jun 30th Comic Reel
"The Wolverine" to shoot in October? New "Conan" photos surface online! Patrick Dempsey talks the virtues of "Doctor Strange!" Also, Hannah Marks on "Amazing Spider-Man" appearance and more.
PRESS RELEASE: "The Walking Dead" Readers Will Flip Over "Elephantmen: Man and Elephantman"
300: The Battle for Artemisia, Man of Steel, Avengers: Jun 28th Comic Reel
"300" sequel gets a new name! "Man of Steel" filming in August? Stuntman injured on "Avengers" set! Also, "Wake the Dead" to be a motion picture, Anne Hathaway's catsuit described, and more.
Talking Comics with Rus Wooton
ROBOT 6's Tim O'Shea interviews Russ Wooton about overcoming a major surfing injury to become a letterer for "Walking Dead," "Invincible" "Pigs" and more, as well as his new webcomic, "Siblings."
Captain America, Daredevil, Locke & Key: June 22nd Comic Reel
Dominic Cooper and Sebastian Stan talk "Captain America!" Will the "Daredevil" reboot receive the definite article? "Locke & Key" comes to Comic-Con! Jason Patric for "Powers" and more.
Amazing Spider-Man, Wonder Woman, Captain America: June 21st Comic Reel
Andrew Garfield talks "Amazing Spider-Man!" Christina Hendricks for "Wonder Woman" movie? Also, The Howling Commandos assemble for trading card image, "Hellboy 3" dead, and more.
Image Comics Solicitations for September, 2011
Image has released artwork and solicitation information for new comics on sale in September 2011, including new issues of "The Walking Dead," "The Infinite," "Chew," "Morning Glories," "Hack/Slash" and more.
Telltale's "The Walking Dead" Rises at E3
While Telltale Games' "The Walking dead" video game adaptation features a new protagonist and follows a different timeline than the comic and television series, it remains true to Robert Kirkman's vision.
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Inspired by an ancient artifact from Mexico, this unusual pendant is a work of mixed metal art. The natural beauty of an orange carnelian gemstone in a naja shape is accented by the gleam of beaded brass and sterling silver in triangle designs that evoke the Southwest. Unique, striking and sure to garner compliments, pendant measures 1-3/4" long by 1-1/8" wide. Made in America with gemstones from around the world.
Like all fine jewelry, Carolyn Pollack Sterling Silver Jewelry should be handled carefully. Store jewelry in a plastic bag, dry and wrapped in tissue paper, when not being worn or displayed. Clean sterling silver with a silver polishing cloth when necessary, but never subject to chlorine, silver dips, chemical solutions or ultrasonic cleaners, as these substances can cause the genuine gemstones to discolor. Never wear jewelry in a swimming pool.


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The BSI-CMOS sensor of the P7700 should feature a better signal/noise ratio over the "conventional" CMOS sensor of the G15 that we cannot notice in this comparison obviously. Is the advantage of BSI-CMOS sensor just marketing BS ? However it looks that it shows its superiority with purple fringing : the shorter distance between the micro-lenses and the photosites increases the tolerance to rays that do not hit the sensor perpendicularly. Unless it is the Nikon lens design that helps ?
Canon PowerShot G15 vs Nikon Coolpix P7700
The Canon versus Nikon debate has been around for almost as long as Coke versus Pepsi or dogs versus cats (well, maybe not quite). Both manufacturers make excellent cameras, but that hasn't stopped people from choosing sides. Naturally, we here at DPReview love a good debate, so we've decided to put the two flagship compact cameras from Canon and Nikon against one another in a head-to-head battle.
This review is going to be a bit different to those you'd normally read here on Digital Photography Review, in that rather than looking at one camera and placing it in context alongside its competitors, we'll be directly comparing how two cameras compare in terms of design, features, performance, and photo quality. Which one will come out the winner? You'll have to read on to find out.
|It came from the year 2000... the Canon PowerShot G1 (left) effectively created the high-end compact camera class. As you can see, in terms of design philosophy, Canon hasn't changed the fundamental recipe much in 13 years.
Both the PowerShot G15 and Coolpix P7700 have a rich history. The PowerShot G1 debuted way back in October 2000, and featured a 3.3 megapixel CCD, 3X zoom lens, optical viewfinder, swiveling LCD, and hot shoe. The Coolpix P7700's family tree is a bit more convoluted, though it's probably fair to say that its original ancestor is the Coolpix 5000 from 2001. That camera offered a similar feature set to the aforementioned G1, but sported a 5 megapixel sensor.
Before we begin, here's a quick look comparison of features and spec on the two cameras - if one of them bests the other in any particular way, we've indicated it in green.
Feature & Spec Comparison
Canon PowerShot G15
Nikon Coolpix P7700
|Sensor size/type
|Resolution (total/effective)
|13.3 / 12.1 megapixel
|12.8 / 12.2 megapixel
|Lens focal range
|28 - 140 mm (5X)
|28 - 200 mm (7.1X)
|Lens max aperture
|Min. focus distance
|1 cm
|2 cm
|LCD size/style
|3-inch / Fixed
|3-inch / Fully articulated
|LCD resolution
|922,000 dots
|922,000 dots
|Optical viewfinder
|ISO range
|80 - 12800
|80 - 6400
|Burst mode (claimed)
|10.0 fps
|8.0 fps
|Max movie resolution
|1920 x 1080 / 24 fps
|1920 x 1080 / 30 fps
|Ext. mic input
|GPS support
|Remote control
|Wired, wireless
|On-board memory
|Battery life (CIPA)
|350 shots
|330 shots
|Street price *
|$449 / £399 / €465
|$389 / £299 / €401
|* At time of publication
Hopefully, you can immediately see what separates these two cameras: the G15 offers the faster lens and optical viewfinder, but has less zoom power and a fixed LCD. The P7700, on the other hand, has more zoom power and a swivel LCD, but no viewfinder. It's also cheaper at time of publication in the USA, UK and Europe, as you can see in the table above.
If you're new to digital photography you may wish to read the Digital Photography Glossary before diving into this article (it may help you understand some of the terms used).
Conclusion / Recommendation / Ratings are based on the opinion of the reviewer, you should read the ENTIRE review before coming to your own conclusions.
Images which can be viewed at a larger size have a small magnifying glass icon in the bottom right corner of the image, clicking on the image will display a larger (typically VGA) image in a new window.
To navigate the review simply use the next / previous page buttons, to jump to a particular section either pick the section from the drop down or select it from the navigation bar at the top.
DPReview calibrate their monitors using Color Vision OptiCal at the (fairly well accepted) PC normal gamma 2.2, this means that on our monitors we can make out the difference between all of the (computer generated) grayscale blocks below. We recommend to make the most of this review you should be able to see the difference (at least) between X,Y and Z and ideally A,B and C.
This article is Copyright 2013 and may NOT in part or in whole be reproduced in any electronic or printed medium without prior permission from the author.


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Publications from San Francisco to London have called it so it must be true: the next big thing is toast. Artisanal toast. Since it's selling at $3 to $4 per slice, it might just be the next big thing to boost your profit margin.
Think of toast as a vehicle for other delicious things and the possibilities become endless. Slice it Texas-sized or extra-thin and top it with freshly-churned butter, grandma's homemade preserves, local honey, soft cheese and savory herbs. Cinnamon and sugar. Nutella.
Italy has been doing bruschetta and crostini topped with everything from tomatoes to prosciutto for thousands of years.
Of course, there's an endless variety of breads for toasting! Basic white bread. Sprouted bread. Whole grain bread. Sweet cake-like breads. Breakfast breads with dried fruit already baked in. Toast is an American comfort food in its simplest form and it fits current consumer passions for handcrafted and highly-nutritious eats. Plus it's portable and easy for snacking.
As a hip new menu item, toast has gotten a lot of criticism but, in reality, toast fits into every time of day and goes with everything from espresso to dinner. It's easy to make and an easy investment. Even the smallest food service business can find the budget and counter space for a vertical toaster or toaster oven. When every guest acknowledges the greatness of toast, upgrade to a conveyor toaster that can toast dozens of slices in no time at all.