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Lizzie O'Leary is the new host of Marketplace Weekend. When not hosting, O'Leary reports on issues around the intersection of politics, policy and Wall Street.
O'Leary previously worked as CNN's Aviation & Regulation correspondent, where she covered U.S. transportation and the federal regulatory agencies in Washington.
Prior to joining CNN, O'Leary was a Washington-based correspondent for Bloomberg TV, covering politics and economic policy. In that role, she led coverage of the Gulf Coast oil disaster and reported on the global credit crisis, the housing market and the government's financial rescue package.
In 2010, she interviewed U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner during a trip to Mumbai, India. She was also first to break the news that major American automaker Chrysler would file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
Previously, O'Leary was producer and reporter for NPR. She got her start in journalism at ABC News, where she was a member of the Peabody Award-winning team that covered the terror attacks of September 11th.
O'Leary earned her master's degree with honors from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism and graduated cum laude with her bachelor's degree from Williams College.


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To imply that "everybody" knows it is bogus- including YOUR implication thereof.
And to claim that I'm unfamiliar with FPS' is mildly entertaining. Amongst other things, I did device driver development work alongside John Carmack back in the Utah-GLX driver era and I play quite a few FPS'- I just don't hang out with the fan crowd all that much and I've never heard a dev use the term before.

subset: commoncrawl


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Moderator: Tuefish
Natalya wrote:What's that? I can't hear you over the sound of how banned you are.
mgb519 wrote:Seriously, you are now the first ever forum superhero.
Colette wrote:I hereby acknowledge Silverdream as the one and only forum troll as agreed in the bet.
Quantumsurfer wrote:No, I have 2 silver.
stubby wrote:This is because of their constitutional amendment, isn't it.
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WE could totally have some battles just keep in touch with me.
I live in Havelock, NC an hour north of camp lejeune
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Discussing: Concerning Ratings
Concerning Ratings
Re: Concerning Ratings
Message: 55418
05 Apr 14 4:40 PM
Reply To: 55417
General Audience
Hi Aruthir,
Yes, if there is adult content in any part of the story, the entire story must be labeled that way. However, you can indicate in the introduction and at the start of the chapter in question where the mature content resides. Please also remember that adult =/= sex. It means any topic or presentation that would not be suitable for a minor to read.
Hope this helps,
Re: Concerning Ratings
Message: 55419
06 Apr 14 12:50 AM
Reply To: 55418
General Audience
Thanks for that, Anglachel- I thought that was the case. Rating is now changed!


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Embroidered Lattice Voile Duvet Cover
Embroidered chains trace a trellis pattern across our duvet and sham, adding texture and sophistication to delicate cotton voile.
- 100% cotton voile
- Embroidered hem to hem with a classic trellis pattern
- Duvet cover features inside ties and hidden-button closures
- Sham is finished with an envelope closure
- Imported
- Machine wash
- In petal or lavender
- View bedding dimensions
Shown in lavender.
Color Options
Embroidered Lattice Voile Duvet Cover
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$119 - $299
Down Free Duvet
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Featherblend Pillow Inserts
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And another 2.0 beta is out. The major change from the last version is that Phi's work on migration dynamics and the Demographic Transition have made it into the game. Say a big thank you to Phi if you see him, he's not with us anymore, but the contributions he made while he was are invaluable.
This version is made for vanilla AHD 2.31. This is likely the final beta before 2.0 gets a final release.
Installation is done by simply extracting into the main directory (for now). Note that since it's in beta, a number of event notifications are shown that won't be in the final release, mostly things that have to do with adjusting the global money supply. They are kept visible simply so I get a better idea of what's going on while I playtest. If you want to get rid of them, simply remove every instance of the line "major = yes" from the file money.txt in the /events folder.


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Main Content
Ladies, now you can watch your Sabres battle it out on the ice without getting the chills in this Lasting Strength full zip hoodie sweatshirt from Majestic. Its distressed team name and logo suggest you've been cheering on your boys for years, while its front pockets and soft fleece lining keep you cozy so you can hoot and holler with gusto. It's a stylish, comfy look that boasts you'll always be a Buffalo girl!
- 60% Cotton/40% Polyester
- Distressed screen print graphics
- Hood with drawstring
- Imported
- Lightweight full zip hoodie sweatshirt
- Officially licensed NHL product
- Rib-knit cuffs & waist
- Soft fleece lining
- Two front pockets
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Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
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Courtesy Photo/
Certified music therapist Marissa Ruffini leads a new preschool music class on Saturdays at the Children's Museum of New Hampshire.
DOVER — The Children's Museum of New Hampshire is offering a six-week music and movement class for children.Starting Saturday, Nov. 17, Groove & Grow, taught by Marissa Ruffini from Sonatina Music Therapy, will host a 45-minute early childhood music class for parents and children ages 2 to 4 years old.The certified music therapist will take the time to get to know each child and tailor singing, musical instrument playing and dancing to the needs and development level of the class. Ruffini's ultimate goal is to promote social, emotional and physical growth, according to a public statement. "We are really excited to be offering a music class for the first time," Paula Rais, the Museum's Director of Community Engagement, said in a public statement. "Marissa has offered some short programs here in the past and parents gave her approach rave reviews. We appreciate having an educator with so much experience in early childhood development leading this class so both parents and children will get the most out of it."Groove and Grow classes at the Children's Museum of NH will meet on Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 10:45 a.m. from Nov. 17 to Dec. 22. The fee for this 6-week program is $60 for museum members and $90 for non-members. The higher non-member fee includes parent and child admission into museum after each class. A sibling discount is available.To register for this class, please call the Children's Museum at 603-742-2002.


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Company Updates
26 February - Chairman's Quarterly Update
- The environment
- Third Quarter Financial Highlights
- New Digital Services
- Updating our constitution
24 November 2014 - Chairman's Quarterly Update
- Introduction
- Brand awareness lifts
- Investing in products and services
- The environment
- Second quarter financial highlights
- Protecting our brand
- Updating our constitution
22 August 2014 - Chairman's Quarterly Update
- Introduction
- Product and service news
- The environment
- First quarter financial highlights
- Farewell to John Isles
27 June 2014 - Media Release: The Co-operative Bank to share $1.3 million with customers
The only New Zealand bank that shares its profits with its customers is giving back even more money this year.
For the second year in a row The Co-operative Bank will pay a share of its profits directly to its customers.
As a result, on 1 July 2014, the majority of customers will receive a portion of a total $1.3 million rebate payment, Chief Executive Bruce McLachlan announced. This is an increase from the $1 million in rebates paid out last year.
"As a co-operative, our customers are our owners and shareholders, this is why we pay a rebate.
"It has been a good 12 months at The Co-operative Bank. I'm proud to say that, following the Bank's second full year as a registered bank, we are looking stronger than ever with more than 10,000 new customers joining the Bank last year.
"Alongside our newest customers we have some amazingly loyal and longstanding customers and the rebates are a great way for us to show everyone that we continue to appreciate their support in banking with us."
$1.3 million is being shared around New Zealand with the Wellington region taking the largest share. Eligible customers from Porirua to Upper Hutt and central Wellington will receive a total of almost quarter of a million dollars.
"The values and ideas driving The Co-operative Bank are the same today as they always were. We are and have always been built on the idea of giving back. Rebates are just one more way The Bank is sharing and growing prosperity.
"For most of our customers the rebate will be between $7 and $100. It's not a huge amount but we know that our customers would rather see a small slice in their own pocket than see profits sent to anonymous shareholders overseas."
The rest of The Bank's profit is reinvested to fund further growth and to improve and develop products and services for customers.
"In the past year we took home the CANSTAR Blue award for Most Satisfied Customers. We are particularly proud of this achievement because it demonstrated that the pride we take in our work, our investment in infrastructure and staff is not only noticed but appreciated by our customers."
27 June 2014 - Media Release: The Co-operative Bank net profits rise
You can find our Annual Report, Directors' Report and Chief Executive report here.
The Co-operative Bank has experienced a sound year of growth in its second full year as a registered bank.
Annual results show the net profit after tax and rebates in the year ended 31 March 2014 was $7.1 million (up from $5.7 million the previous year). This is an increase of 24%, and was underpinned by a 37% fall in bad debts.
As well as having over 10,000 new customers joining the Bank, deposits grew 7.9% compared to a year earlier to $1.4 billion.
Chief Executive, Bruce McLachlan said the bank has taken some big strides in the past year, adding new branches in Auckland and Christchurch, relocating branches in Tauranga, Hastings, Wanganui and Dunedin, growing overall customer numbers and lending, and a strong increase in brand awareness.
Mr McLachlan said that low equity lending restrictions introduced in the past year have had no impact on the Bank's momentum, with lending growth at an annualised 14% increase in the second half of the year and 9.7% for the whole year.
This year The Co-operative Bank will pay $1.3 million in rebates back to its customers compared to $1 million last year.
"This year's rebate is one more way the Bank is sharing and growing prosperity. The values and ideas driving The Co-operative Bank are the same today as they always were. Our Bank is built on the idea of giving back."
The Co-operative Bank also won the CANSTAR Blue award for the most satisfied customers from among six New Zealand banks.
"We have achieved a lot in a short space of time. We're still focussed on long-term sustainable growth, with a goal of doubling the size of the business in five years.
"We will soon be releasing a mobile application and will continue to focus on building the digital side of the bank, offering customers a much better online experience to complement our exceptional personal service.
"The Bank continues to have capital and liquidity ratios at the high end of the industry which provides a sound basis for future sustainable growth."
Annual result highlights
Highlights from the past year include:
- More than 10,000 new customers joined the Bank
- 24% increase in profits to $7.1 million up from $5.7 million the previous financial year
- A 37% fall in bad debts
- Four branch relocations, and 3 new branches
- New Contact Centre and big investment in digital platforms
- Major brand launch
- Lending growth of 14% in second 6 months against system growth circa 5%
- NPBRT was $6.5m in the second half of the year vs. $3.7m in the first half
- Capital and liquidity ratios remain at the high end of the market
- Credit rating remains stable
3 March 2014 - February Quarterly Update
- Chief Executive Introduction
- Our youth accounts
- Credit rating
- LVR ratio
- Branch openings
- Third quarter financial highlights
3 September 2013 - September Quarterly Update
- Chief Executive Introduction
- New rules for bank lending
- New product launch
- Upcoming branch openings
- First quarter financial highlights
28 June 2013 - AGM and Director Voting Information 2013
Over the period of 27-30 June all The Co-operative Bank members will receive a Directors voting pack which gives background information on rebates and the Annual General Meeting, which is to be held at the Sudima Hotel, Mangere, Auckland 25 July this year at 5.30pm
We would love to see you at the AGM, so please think about coming along. If you can't make it, you can watch it live on the internet.
Members can submit questions they'd like addressed at the AGM to firstname.lastname@example.com up until Friday 19 July. Please note that not all questions can be answered at the AGM due to time constraints, but the Chairman of the Board is committed to answering all questions submitted, following the event.
We encourage you to vote for our Board of Directors. Each nominee has prepared a summary profile and has made a short video covering who they are and what they can offer as a Director of The Co-operative Bank.
You can vote by post or online, just go to our Home Page for the online links. Voting closes on 17 July 2013 at 5pm.
For more information on the rebates or AGM or if there is anything that you'd like to discuss, please contact us on 0800 554 554 or for information on voting phone 0800 666 556.
28 June 2013 - 2013 Annual Report and Disclosure Statement
Copies of the 2013 Annual Report are now available. You can see the report on our website by clicking here. You can also obtain a copy of this by emailing email@example.com, by phoning 0800 554 554 or write to The Co-operative Bank, PO Box 54, Wellington 6140.
17 May 2013 - Standard & Poor's adjusts rating outlook
You may have seen in the news recently, that global credit rating agency Standard & Poor's (S&P) has adjusted our rating outlook. We are one of eight financial institutions (including three banks) who have had their ratings outlook adjusted from "stable" to "negative". This change is not related to our performance as a bank, but is due to a wider concern about New Zealand's economy as a whole. This concern is already recognised, and is being addressed, by the Government and Reserve Bank.
Importantly, S&P has clearly re-affirmed our BBB- investment grade credit rating. This comes as no surprise to us because our capital, funding and liquidity significantly exceed Reserve Bank requirements. For us, and you as members, it's 'business as usual'.
18 Feb 2013 - Strong interest for The Co-operative Bank's market-leading term deposit offer
The Co-operative Bank has reported a strong interest for its innovative four month 4.6 per cent term deposit offer for investments as low as $2,000.
Deposits Portfolio Manager Grant Pritchard said that the offer, for investments from $2,000 to $20,000, had proved popular with both new and existing customers.
"It's a very innovative offer and not only because it starts at such a very low rate of investment. Usually rates at this level are reserved for investors with high balances. Typically special term rates start with a minimum investment of $10,000," said Mr Pritchard.
"Offers of this kind in the market can be limited to new customers. However, in keeping with our values and commitment to act in the best interests of our customers, we've also made it available to our existing customers because that's the co-operative thing to do."
Mr Pritchard said that the offer, which is for a limited period, is being reviewed on a weekly basis.
"It's had a very strong and steady uptake. Typically people with $2,000 would be putting it into a savings account, but we're achieving our aim of enabling more New Zealanders to get a higher rate of return on their savings," he said.
Bank Term Deposits are a secure, low-risk investment option which allows you to place funds in an account where the interest rate is set for a fixed period of time.
The Co-operative Bank is owned by its customers, with all profits staying in New Zealand. It provides a full range of everyday personal banking services including transaction accounts, savings accounts, personal loans and accounts for children, and Internet, Mobile, TXT and telephone banking. It also has overdrafts, insurance and investment options and a wide range of products and services designed to help small businesses.
20 June 2012 - Media Release: The Co-operative Bank appoints a new Chief Executive
The Co-operative Bank chairman Steven Fyfe announced today the appointment of Bruce McLachlan as the new CEO of the bank.
"We're delighted to appoint Bruce McLachlan. With Bruce we have both a very experienced New Zealand banker and someone with the right qualities to lead The Co-operative Bank to become a growing force in the New Zealand retail banking market," says Mr Fyfe.
Mr McLachlan has led both business and personal banking teams at a senior level during his banking career. His appointment is subject to approval from the Reserve Bank of New Zealand.
"Appointing Bruce as CEO concludes a momentous year for us and means that The Co-operative Bank has all the necessary foundations in place," says Mr Fyfe.
"In the past year we've achieved our banking licence, received a credit rating upgrade, changed our name and won the inaugural 2011 CANSTAR Blue Customer Satisfaction award for banking, receiving the maximum 5 stars in every category."
Gareth Fleming, the Acting CEO for the past four months, will return to his role as General Manager – Marketing and Products.
"The Board acknowledges with appreciation Gareth's commitment and performance during this period."
Mr Fyfe says The Co-operative Bank's 2012 year-end results, released today, were also in line with expectations.
The bank's underlying profit before tax was $7.2 million, compared with $7.4 million in 2010/11.
"Although the bank's pre-tax operating profit of $6.6 million is down on the previous year, we're pleased with the result, as the reduction in profit is primarily due to the one-off costs associated with bank registration and re-branding as The Co-operative Bank," says Mr Fyfe.
Deposits increased by 4% and were up by $51 million to $1.21 billion and lending increased by $43 million bringing total lending to $1.21 billion. Total reserves were up by $5.5 million on last year to $129 million. Capital Adequacy increased to 17.5% and is well in excess of the regulatory minimum of 8%.
Mr Fyfe says he is confident about The Co-operative Bank's future.
"The Co-operative Bank offers a genuine choice for customers as both a New Zealand and member-owned bank and our goal is to share our award winning banking experiences with more and more New Zealanders."
|Key end-of-year results for 31 March 2012 were:
|Operating Profit (pre-tax)
|$6.6 million
|Underlying Profit (pre-tax)
|$7.2 million
|Capital Adequacy Ratio
|Increased to 17.5%
|Total Reserves
|Up by $5.6 million to $129 million
|Up $51 million to $1.21 billion
|Up $43 million to $1.21 billion
18 May 2012 - Company update: Co-operative Life Limited receives financial strength credit rating
We are pleased to announce that A.M. Best has today provided Co-operative Life limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Co-operative Bank, with a financial strength rating of B++ (Outlook: Stable).
Co-operative Life Limited underwrites the Life Plus, Life Care, Loan Plus, and Loan Care products which are distributed exclusively through the Bank's membership base and branch network across the country.
The rating is one notch below Best's 'excellent' rating category of A- and reflects the company's consistent profitability and sound levels of capital in relation to its underwriting risk. The business has grown its capital at an average rate of 37% for each of the last five years.
2 Nov 2011 - Media release: The Co-operative Bank lowers home lending rates
The Co-operative Bank has lowered its 6-month, 1, 2, 3 & 4 year fixed rates by up to 0.40%, effective from 2 November 2011.
Chief executive Dr Girol Karacaoglu, said The Co-operative Bank seeks to price itself competitively on a consistent basis, since it's a 100% customer-owned co-operative that exists purely for the benefit of its customers.
"Today's pricing move also reinforces our commitment to our customers, that although we've become a bank and changed our name, we're still the same place, with the same values and the same philosophies that we've had for the last 83 years."
Competitive pricing is one of the many benefits of banking with a co-operative.
"Over the next six months we'll also be introducing a number of new benefits for members, including paying a small rebate to members who do most of their banking with us. The introduction of rebates will not affect the consistency or competitiveness of our pricing strategy," said Dr Karacaoglu.
The Co-operative Bank from tomorrow will also lower some of its longer term deposit interest rates by between 0.05% and 0.20%.
26 Oct 2011 - Media release: PSIS becomes The Co-operative Bank
Effective from today - Oct 26 2011, PSIS has been granted registration as a registered bank from the Reserve Bank of New Zealand.
The new bank, 100 percent owned by its customers, will fittingly be called: "The Co-operative Bank" and will specialise in personal banking.
PSIS chairman Sir David Gascoigne said the decision to pursue bank registration was one that was not made lightly.
"The Board concluded that our sound financial position, size and asset-base would be better served by the regulatory regime that surrounds the trading banks. Bank registration is also about better clarifying our position in the market. It means we can officially call ourselves a bank, so everyone will understand what we do without having to explain it."
"Our main focus has been the protection of our customers' rights and privileges. Securing bank registration will not alter the way we operate, or our commitment to our customers. We'll continue to operate the business on a sound and prudent basis. And we're extremely proud of the fact that we'll remain a co-operative and retain the essence of PSIS."
"Our excellent personal service, and the fact our customers' best interests are truly our number one priority, are just some of the key reasons our customer satisfaction is 96%."
"One change that our customers will notice from today is that our name will be different, as we'll be called "The Co-operative Bank." This name better reflects our distinct difference from other banks - the fact that we're actually a customer-owned co-operative. It also moves us strongly away from a long-held misconception that we do business only with public servants. In fact, we've been open to all New Zealanders since 1995."
"In true co-operative style, our staff, along with a number of our customers, were involved in developing the name, logo and tagline of our new bank," Sir David said.
PSIS CEO, Dr Girol Karacaoglu said the co-operative model is hugely successful worldwide and this has been particularly so during the recent global economic crisis.
"At a time when investors' faith has been shaken throughout the world, co-operatives have not only survived but thrived. People have been attracted and remained loyal to the conservative governance and risk management that's part of the co-operative ethos. We exist solely for the benefit of our members, and their best interests are our number one priority."
"Becoming a member-owned bank ensures our relationship with our members remains unchanged and we're not distracted by the need to satisfy shareholder returns. We'll be a bank driven by the values and heart of a co-operative," Dr Karacaoglu said.
"Over the next 12 months we'll be implementing a number of initiatives that will further demonstrate our co-operative difference. We want to give our customers a better voice so they can have a say in how we do things and we aim to pay our co-operative customers, who are our owners, a rebate based on the level of business they do with us."
The new name will be rolled out across the PSIS Branch network over the next few weeks, starting today.
"It's taken a lot of people a tremendous amount of hard work, commitment and dedication to make PSIS the success it has been for its first 83 years and we're committed to ensuring The Co-operative Bank will forge a similar success over the next 83 years," Dr Karacaoglu said.
Two new directors - Steven Fyfe and Ross Wilson have also been appointed to The Co-operative Bank board today with effect from tomorrow.
"Both new directors bring to The Co-operative Bank a wide range of skills and an engagement with the community, business, and banking sectors that will add enormous value to the board's deliberations," said Sir David.
Mr Fyfe has recently retired from the ANZ National Bank group where he has worked for 29-years. He was a Director and Chief Financial Officer for The National Bank from 1997-2004, and more recently he was Deputy CEO of ANZ National from 2009-2011.
Mr Wilson is a solicitor and mediator who has worked in a range of roles within various trade unions since 1979, culminating in his role as President of the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions from 1999-2007. Mr Wilson has served on a number of Boards including as Chair of the Accident Compensation Corporation and as a Director of Kiwi Rail Holdings Limited.
"We're delighted to have attracted two new Board Members of this calibre to The Co-operative Bank Board," said Sir David.
Company Updates Archives
An Investment Statement and the current Disclosure Statement are available from any branch of The Co-operative Bank or can be downloaded here.
Interest rates and fees are subject to change. For all lending products, The Co-operative Bank lending and insurance criteria, and fees, apply.
If a home loan is greater than 80% of the property's value, a low equity interest rate premium will apply and the revolving credit home loan will not be available.


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Main Content
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The sun, the sand and your new Los Angeles Lakers string bikini — all great reasons to head to the beach this weekend. Dive into a fun new way to show off your LA devotion with this flirty string bikini set. This two-piece swim suit features a team logo on the top with a sassy ruffle and contrast ties, while the bottoms feature the team name across the back for an extra-cute touch. You'll make rival fans envious of your sunkissed Lakers charm!
- 82% Nylon/18% Polyurethane shell, 100% Nylon lining
- Adjustable ties at neck, back and bottom sides
- Imported
- Officially licensed Lakers bikini set
- Removable padding
- Ruffle detail
- Screen print logo
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About Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman
Part game show, part reality TV, and part spoof, Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman features real kids, real challenges, real science, and an unreal animated host — a dog named Ruff Ruffman. Produced by WGBH, the series mixes live action with animation and breaks the mold with its educational and comical take on America's hottest television genre. Targeting 6- to 8-year-olds, the series is spontaneous, unscripted, and full of surprises.
Catch your favorite moments from past seasons of High School Quiz Show! Watch students from around Massachusetts go head-to-head and get ready for Season 6.
Sam, Harsha and D.J. create a sand sculpture at the beach; Jay learns about beauty and hair in a visit to a salon.
Find out about upcoming programs and events. Enter your email address below.


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HOME New York Knicks Gear New York Knicks Ladies New York Knicks Ladies Ladies New York Knicks Ladies Ladies Shorts & Pants (26 items) Product ID: 1101935
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Even though yoga studios are supposed to be calm and relaxing environments, you often find yourself stressing about the big Knicks game coming up, not concentrating on your breathing. Rediscover your happy place when you wear these O.T. cotton Yoga Pants with reflective screen print Knicks logos with rhinestones accents on the fold up waist. To really show your love for New York, these pants also have reflective Knicks logos printed partially down the left leg. Make sure you wear the pants to your next yoga class, so you can keep your Knicks anxieties under control.
- 55% Cotton/35% Polyester/10% Spandex
- Folded waist band
- Imported
- Inseam measures approx. 34'' on size S
- Officially licensed NBA product
- Reflective screen print graphics
- Rhinestone jeweled logo
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Though Lindsay Lohan claims she recently quit smoking, it's clear that the 25-year-old, known for her chain-smoking ways, hasn't quite kicked this habit just yet!
Just this morning the troubled starlet was spotted puffing on a cigarette before heading inside the L.A. County morgue to complete another day of community service.
We understand quitting is hard, but stick to your word, Lindsay! Smoking is bad for you!


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|Expand all Collapse all
|Results 1 - 1 of 1
1. CMB 2012 (vol 56 pp. 621)
|Optimal Control Strategies for Virus Spreading in Inhomogeneous Epidemic Dynamics
In this paper, we study the spread of virus/worm in computer networks with a view to addressing cyber security problems. Epidemic models have been applied extensively to model the propagation of computer viruses, which characterize the fact that infected machines may spread malware to other hosts connected to the network. In our framework, the dynamics of hosts evolves according to a modified inhomogeneous Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic model with time-varying transmission rate and recovery rate. The infection of computers is subject to direct attack as well as propagation among hosts. Based on optimal control theory, optimal attack strategies are provided by minimizing the cost (equivalently maximizing the profit) of the attacker. We present a threshold function of the fraction of infectious hosts, which captures the dynamically evolving strategies of the attacker and reflects the persistence of virus spreading. Moreover, our results indicate that if the infectivity of a computer worm is low and the computers are installed with antivirus software with high reliability, the intensity of attacks incurred will likely be low. This agrees with our intuition.
Keywords:network securitypidemic dynamics, optimal control
Categories:49J15, 92D30


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The podcast ".NET Rocks!" has a segment called "Better Know A Framework" at the start of every show. The point of the short segment is to simply raise awareness of perhaps lesser known areas of the .net framework. I've found that it's a great way to learn about some things that I simply haven't looked at before.
When Aaron Lerch asked for session proposals for the IndyCodeCamp that he and some others were organizing, I thought it'd be fun to have a "Better Know a Framework" session that had much of the same feel as the segment on the show.
In order to prepare for the talk, I went back through every segment and made a few notes on what parts of the framework was covered as well as documentation links for more information. In case that work might helpful to anyone else, I'm including it as an "appendix" to this post.
The actual talk went pretty well. There were around 30 people at the session (my session was concurrent with 3 other sessions). One of the highlights was the introduction where the hosts of .NET Rocks introduced me (via a recording). Another highlight was being able to throw out flip-flops with my company's logo on them to people in the audience that were first to answer some of the questions I asked.
In trying keep with the code camp manifesto, I intentionally had no slides. The presentation was basically me stepping through this C# solution.
I created it to show how to use some lesser known classes and namespaces. I also briefly mentioned the "Turkey Test" and its implications on code.
Feel free to download the solution and run through it. If you couldn't make it to the talk, feel free to ask questions via the comments. If you were able to attend the event in person, please fill out the evaluation form online or leave comments here as well.
Thanks to Aaron Lerch and many others who helped organize Indianapolis's first code camp! It was a privilege to get the chance to speak there.
Here's a very brief recap of every "Better Know a Framework" segment since it started. If you'd like more information about it, I included a link to the show where you can listen to it. I also linked to the MSDN documentation for what was covered. I put an asterisk (*) by the show number if I covered that topic in my demo source file.
- 243* - System.BitConverter: Coverts value types like an int to bytes and back. Also determines endianness of the machine.
- 244* - System.Security.Cryptography.RandomNumberGenerator: Much better than System.Random at generating cryptographically strong random numbers.
- 245 - System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping: which returns a System.Net.NetworkInformation.PingReply that has a System.Net.NetworkInformation.IPStatus which is useful in determining if a remote machine is available (assuming they respond to ping that is).
- 246 - System.Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo: Useful for getting detailed information EXEs and DLLs (such as the company that produced the file).
- 247* - System.Diagnostics.Process: Information about a process on the system such as how much memory it's using, its process ID, main window name, etc. Also includes methods to do things like kill the process.
- 248 - System.Net.Dns Useful for determining the IP address(es) for a given host name.
- 249* - System.Text.StringBuilder: Much faster at building a string than concatenating a string. Discussed in depth on show #87
- 250* - System.Threading namespace: Classes useful in synchronization of threads:
- CPU: Interlocked - Operations performed atomically by the processor (e.g.
- CLR: Monitor and ReaderWriterLock
- Kernel:
WaitHandle (e.g.
- 251* - System.IO.FileSystemWatcher: Useful for getting notifications when something on the file system changes.
- 252* - System.IO.Compression namespace: Classes involved in compressing and decompressing files/streams.
- 253* - System.Collections.Stack for LIFO (last-in-first-out) and
System.Collections.Queue for FIFO (first-in-first-out). Also available are generic
and Queue .
- 254 - System.ComponentModel.BooleanConverter: Type converter to and from booleans.
- 255 - Calendars in System.Globalization: Many utilities for manipulating dates in various calendar schemes:
- GregorianCalendar - (most popular)
- HebrewCalendar
- HijriCalendar
- JapaneseCalendar
- JapaneseLunisolarCalendar
- JulianCalendar
- KoreanCalendar
- PersianCalendar
- TaiwanCalendar
- ThaiBuddhistCalendar
- UmAlQuraCalendar
- EastAsianLunisolarCalendar
- ChineseLunisolarCalendar
- 256 - System.Web.Mail: Old (deprecated) way of sending an email.
- 257 - System.Net.Mail: .net 2.0+ way of sending emails
- 258* - System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker: Simplifies use of background worker threads that need to update a UI via use of the RunWorkAsync method and DoWork event.
- 259 - System.ComponentModel.BrowseableAttribute
: Can be used to disable a property's visibility in the properties window (e.g. windows forms control).
- 260* - System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary
: Maps keys to values
- 261 - System.Windows.Input namespace: WPF classes used for input (e.g.
InputManager, KeyboardNavigation, Mouse)
- 262 - System.Reflection.Assembly: Useful for finding information about .net assemblies such as classes, interfaces, methods, properties, events, etc.
- 263* - System.Threading.Timer: Simple and lightweight timer. See comparison of timers.
- 264 - System.SerializableAttribute: Marks an object as serializable (able to create a persisted represention of it). A binary formatter/serializer is at
- 265 - System.Xml.XPath.XPathDocument: Provides a fast read-only in-memory representation of an XML document using the XPath data model. See also
System.Xml.XmlReader for read-only XML reading.
- 266 - System.ApplicationException: Intended for use of application specific exceptions, but if you read Best Practices for Handling Exceptions, you'll see that you shouldn't use it anymore.
- 267* - Global Assembly Cache: Otherwise known as the GAC. Provides a system-wide storage facility for assemblies. To put an assembly in the GAC, you need to use the
strong name tool (SN) to get it ready, and then use
GACUTIL on it.
- 268* - System.Console: Besides the obvious methods like WriteLine, there are many lesser-known ones:
- CapsLock
- NumberLock
- ForegroundColor
- WindowHeight
- WindowTop
- WindowLeft
- WindowWidth
- Title (sets what to display in the title bar)
- CursorVisible
- In (Stdin)
- Error (Stderr)
- Out (Stdout)
- CursorSize
- CursorLeft
- CursorTop
- BackgroundColor
- 269* - System.Environment: Contains many assorted details about your application's environment:
- UserName: User name of the person currently logged in.
- WorkingSet: Physical memory mapped to the process
- GetFolderPath: Useful for finding file paths to things like the Program Files folder (which can be different depending on if you're running 64 bit Windows)
- 270 - System.Net.HttpWebRequest , HttpWebResponse , WebRequest classes: Lower level classes used to perform an HTTP request. See notes on show #275 for the much simpler WebClient class.
- 271* - System.IO.StreamWriter and StreamReader: Helper classes for dealing with text files/streams (contains methods like ReadToEnd() for returning a string of whatever is left in the stream)
- 272 - System.Windows.Forms.Splitter: Control that allows you to split parts of a UI in a way that allows the user to expand or shrink an area. This class can be hard to use, see show #273.
- 273 - System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer: Much simpler way to provide a split UI.
- 274 - System.Windows.Forms.ToolTip: An
extender provider that allows you to add Tooltips to all items in a container's scope. It implements System.ComponentModel.IExtenderProvider. Similiar to how
System.Windows.Forms.ErrorProvider works.
- 275* - System.Net.WebClient: Provides a very easy way to perform common HTTP operations in 1 line of code (e.g. DownloadFile, DownloadData)
- 276 - System.Web.UI.Page: SavePageStateToPersistenceMedium and
LoadPageStateFromPersistenceMedium allows you to store viewstate in a different place besides sending it down to the browser each time. This can be useful as viewstate can account for a large (67%+) part of your page's size.
- 277 - System.Web.Management namespace: Classes that do all sorts of management of web servers and web farms. For example, WebAuditEvent allows you to audit web events.
- 278 - System.IO.IsolatedStorage: (In this show Carl thought that IsolatedStorage was used for storing things in a secret way. See show #278 )
- 279* - Christopher Loaf from Sweden pointed out that System.IO.IsolatedStorage is primarily used for storing and retrieving data in a partial trust environment (e.g. a web browser).
- 280* - System.Convert: Methods for converting items from one type to another (e.g
ToBoolean, ToChar, ToBase64String, FromBase64String). In addition, has IsDBNull to determine if an object is a database null value.
- 281* System.Globalization.CultureInfo: Used for ensuring that you retrieve, store, and process information according to a specific culture. For example, if you do DateTime.Now.ToString("D"), you'll get the date formatted in a culturally specific way as outlined by this class.
282 - System.Guid: Class used for handling global unique identifiers.
- 283 - System.IO.Packaging: Provides classes that support storage of multiple data objects in a single container. (Most notable example is Office 2007+ documents, see show #285 )
- Package
- ZipPackage
- PackageRelationship
- PackagePart
- PackageDigitalSignature
- System.Windows.Xps.Packaging.XpsDocument
- 284 - System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1: Hash algorithm that has been
academically broken and therefore shouldn't be used anymore for safety reasons. The framework also has unbroken ones such as SHA512 which uses 512 bits instead of 160 bits, but is much more secure.
- 285 - Comments about the Guid class and how System.IO.Packaging is really useful for reading Office 2007 documents such as Word files)
- 286 - Microsoft.Windows.Themes: Classes used by WPF to provide visual appearance that is similiar to Vista, XP, and Window 2000 and lower (Luna, Aero, Royale, and Classic).
- 287* - System.IDisposable: Useful for controlling exactly when resources get released. An early Dotnetrocks show with Chris Sells talks about it in depth.
- 288 - No Better Know a Framework segment.
- 289 - System.ICloneable: Originally designed to provide a way of determining how to create a clone (copy) of an object. However, Brad Abrams recommends not to implement it in public APIs since its semantics are confusing.
- 290 - System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal: Contains methods for determining information about the current user's Windows account information (e.g. use
IsInRole to determine if the user is an administrator)
- 291* - System.GC: Methods and properties pertaining to the built-in Garbage collector (see show #287 notes as to how this relates to System.IDisposable)
- 292 - System.CodeDom and System.CodeDom.Compiler namespaces: Classes for manipulating source code and their compiled forms.
- 293* - System.Math: Class containing many common math operations
- Max
- Min
- Absolute Value
- Tangent
- Floor
- Sqrt
- Sine
- Sinh
- IEEERemainder
- BigMul: returns full product of two 32 bit numbers (64 bit result)
- 294* - System.TimeSpan: Many methods and properties that are useful in working with a span of time (e.g. 30 minutes)
- 295* - System.WeakReference: Class that holds onto an object reference but gives clues to the garbage collector that the reference can be let go of if memory pressure arises.
- 296 - System.DataMisalignedException: Obscure exception that can be thrown if data is read from or written to memory that isn't aligned according to what the processor expected.
- 297* - System.Text.RegularExpressions.Match: Regular expressions are very useful for parsing and manipulating text. See this reference for a sampling of what types of patterns you can use.
- 298 - System.Resources.IResourceReader interface: You can use a ResourceReader or
ResourceWriter for using resources that can be stored elsewhere besides inside the assembly.
- 299 - System.Web.HttpResponse.TransmitFile: Provides a simple way to write a file to a stream.
- 300 - No Better Know a Framework segment
- 301* - System.Collections.IEnumerator and System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator
: Interfaces used for specifying how to enumerate (go one by one) through a collection.
- 302 - System.Speech.Synthesis namespace: Classes for creating speech from text
- 303 - Microsoft.VisualBasic.Compatibility.VB6 namespace: Classes for handling compatibility with VB6 semantics in .net.
- 304 - System.Drawing.Printing.PrintDocument: Class that has methods and events (e.g.
PrintPage) for easy use with printing.
- 305*- System.IComparable and System.IComparable
: Has a
CompareTo method to determine how two objects relate to each other (Carl focused on equals, but you can also do greater than and less than).
- 306 - System.IO.Ports: Classes like SerialPort which are used for serial communications.
- 307* - Email from Thomas Betz about show #305 on System.IComparable discussing how it's most commonly used for sorting. The System.Object.Equals and System.IEquatable are better suited for determining equality.
- 308 - HTTP Handlers implementing System.Web.IHttpHandler: For example, you can register your code to be called when IIS processes a certain file extension.
- 309* - Discussion of C#'s yield keyword and how it can be used.
- 310* - Discussion of the new type inference feature in C# 3 and VB 9 so that you don't have to bother defining an object's type.
- 311 - System.Web.IHttpModule: Can be used to handle processing in the HTTP life cycle such as authentication, logging, and redirects. See Creating and Registering a Custom HTTP Module for more information.
- 312 - Discussion of the new anonymous types feature in C# 3 and VB 9.
- 313 - System.Collections.ObjectModel.ObservableCollection
: Collection that has events for notification of when the collection has been modified.
- 314 - System.Windows.Converters: Classes like Int32RectValueSerializer which are used by WPF to persist objects to a string.
- 315* - System.IFormattable: Allows you to specify special string formatting options in
String.Format and ToString.
- 316 - System.Nullable
: Generic wrapper for value types that allow for the possibility of a null.
- 317 - System.Net.PeerToPeer namespace: Classes providing access to peer network functionality such as how peers discover each other using the Windows peer to peer infrastructure (e.g. PNRP - peer name resolution protocol)
- 318 - System.Net.PeerToPeer.Collaboration namespace: Enhances the peer-to-peer networking functionality and provides capabilities for serverless, managed collaboration sessions.
- 319* - System.Linq.IQueryable: Used by LINQ to evaluate queries.
IQueryProvider creates and executes these.
- 320 - System.IO.Pipes namespace: Classes for working with interprocess communications using pipes.
- 321* - System.AppDomain: Encapsulates working with an application domain (a lighter weight than an process, but used by the CLR to provide isolation). See show 8 with Rocky Lhotka for a discussion on them.
- 322 - System.AppDomain.AssemblyResolve event: This method is raised if code in an AppDomain tries to find an Assembly and is not able to. See this knowledge base article for how to use it.
- 323 - System.AppDomain.DoCallBack method: Useful for executing a callback in another AppDomain.
- 324 - System.Web.Mobile namespace: Classes for use with mobile web devices.
MobileCapabilities class can be used to determine things like a client's screen size.
- 325 - System.Delegate: Class encapsulating a single method; sort of like a function pointer but better.
- 326 - More on delegates and how they are a combination of a code pointer plus the metadata including an invoke method.
- 327 - System.Configuration.IPersistComponentSettings: Defines standard functionality for controls or libraries that store and retrieve application settings.
- 328 - System.Windows.Xps namespace: Classes like
XpsDocumentWriter for saving XAML objects to a PDF like format.
- 329 - System.Data.IDbDataAdapater: Interface used by
System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter and others built from it to fill a
- 330 - System.Net.Sockets namespace: Classes for use with low-level socket communication. See DNR TV show (part part 1 and 2)
- 331 - No Better Know a Framework segment.
- 332* - System.String Compare method: Useful for performing a culturally sensitive string comparison. See System.Globalization.CompareOptions.
- 333* - System.Diagnostics.Trace: Class used to trace (record) what paths are executed in your code. If you've ever used Console.WriteLine, you'll find Trace.Write and Trace.WriteLine similar. They write to a listener.
- 334* - System.Diagnostics.TraceListener: Base class used to implement trace listeners (destinations/outputs for Trace.Write). For example TextWriterTraceListener writes to text files. You can use a config file to add/modify the listener without modifying code. In addition, you can do it dynamically in code via the Trace.Listeners.Add method.
- 335* - System.IO.FileInfo: Provides many details about a file:
- 336*: System.IO.MemoryStream: Provides an in-memory version of a
Stream. Much easier to work with than a byte array.


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A recent report in "The New England Journal of Medicine" proposes a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages — drinks with added sugar in the form of sucrose (table sugar), high fructose corn syrup or fruit juice concentrates. Why? The average American consumes about 175 calories daily in sweetened beverages. It only takes 100 extra calories a day to gain 10 pounds in one year. You don't have to be a scientist to see the association here.
Why pick on sugar-sweetened beverages? Sugar-sweetened beverages have been linked to obesity, diabetes and heart disease. The soda tax is intended to decrease consumption and thereby decrease obesity-related health care costs. Revenue generated by the soda tax would fund health initiatives such as childhood nutrition and obesity prevention programs.
Public opinion polls show increasing support for food and beverage taxes that generate revenue for health promotion and obesity prevention programs. Do you agree? Disagree? Why?
As you can imagine, with so much at stake beverage manufacturers are making their opinions known. You the consumer have a stake in this too. Let your voice be heard.
To your health,
Jennifer K. Nelson, R.D., L.D.
Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D.
Selecting "Submit" signifies that you have read and agree to our posting guidelines.
Noooo we should be able to drink are favorite soda with out the government trying to force us to be healthy this is America freedom of choice and freedom of speech
Hi, I'm doing a article about sugary drinks and how they SHOULD be taxed for health reasons, not only are they unhealthy and cause diabetes and other health problems in the U.S, but also kids are getting to the age to be independent and are making the wrong choices as pre-teens. They shouldn't be drinking unhealthy drinks in which are addicting. I know that is does take away your independence but all the U.S is trying to do is, to help all in the need of not dying.
That is all i have to say.
What I think people are not aware of is that sugar is Big Business. It is not ONLY in the drinks (like coke etc) but in a lot of processed foods and even things we might think are quite healthy i.e. baked beans (then they put in salt too!) crazy stuff. So of course we all get a bit fatter every year while the governments think its ok to let people eat this junk - as for trans fats... come on people lets just get self aware and start eating the things we know - fresh veg, fruits for example and stop eating and drinking junk.
There is nothing wrong with a glass of milk or
herbal tea. Just think before you eat.
do you people really think taxing everything your going to make people stop using a product.thats like charging a person with a million dollars ,200 dollars for speeding to him money dont matter.remember taxes made the boston tea party
As a young person, sugar destroyed my life. In my profession I see many sugar addicted people with the challenge of trying to quit their sugar habit. Most people can't. There is nothing good about refined sugar. Sugar-sweetened beverages are poison as a well-known San Francisco endocrinologist discusses in his youtube presentation.
Yes, yes, yes, sugar-sweetened beverages should be taxed. They're not healthy foods.
For All THE PEOPLE SAYING "GOV SHOULD NOT BE TELLING US WHAT TO EAT" They are NOT. . . they are TAXING IT. . . NOT TELLIN YOU NOT EAT IT .. .BUT WILLING TO TAX YOU FOR EATING THE FOOD THAT MAKES YOU FATTER!!!!! So if the parent wants to spend their hard earn money on TAX fat food. . so be it. . . NOW to the free loaders . .. . they should not be aloowed to by soda, candy, ice-cream, chips with FOOD STAMPS .. . .. yes, understood with the way we are now with the economy. . I know more people are getting food stamps. . they are not the free loaders I am talking about .. . . BUT, REALLY, why are we letting anyone by these JUNK foods with out tax dollars. Just so later we can cure them?????
The fat people don't want the Government telling us what to do but we want the government to foot the bill when they need knee or hip replacements. Let the tax help pay for medicaid.
Absolutely not. What happened to taking personal responsibility for our own actions and that of our children. Just what we need. MORE NANNY GOVERNMENT.
Tax Soda, candy AND bottled water ? ABSOLUTELY!!!!! Won't stop us from being unhealthy. Use the money for educating our children.
Do you know that there is a sugar substitute suitable for diabetics and weight watchers, NATVIA , do away with sugar all together
Oh my gosh! There goes more of our freedom of choice. Great excuse to raise money for our government. Where will this end?
NO! Why in the world would anyone want another government program. I DO NOT NEED ANY-
There are way to many busy bodies trying to legislate their agenda. Please leave me alone. What I eat is my business not yours.
Tax sugar beverages.No! Why not BAN alcohol beverages instead,,,,,,,but that would mess up the lucrative tax scheme. It sounds good to talk health, but wake up folks it is all about tax money and how to get more of it.
I say yes to that Amen
I know... Let's get a "FAT tax" too!! We could tax butter, whole milk, then get a "High Cholesterol" tax where they get us for buying eggs and cooking oils! how about using your BMI as your tax rate for the year!!! people want lower taxes...then lose weight! (I was being sarcastic at first, but the "BMI tax thing I came up with sounds pretty good!!LOL)
MODERATION IS THE KEY!!! I'm fat...but I don't blame anybody but myself! I think the best thing to do is to tax the "DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS" or "weight loss" pills! These things are making people believe they don't need to exercise or eat healthy in order to lose weight.
Don't tax everyone for my shortcomings!
No more taxes. A tax isn't going to change how someone eats or drinks. Cigarettes are bad for you--a fact--are there people who still smoke!!??
Soda Tax - bad idea. I for one find that your supposedly healthier sugar substitutes make me ill. They make me sick to my stomach and give me headaches. Let's not even get into the nasty after tastes. So, how can that possibly be a healthier choice? Quit trying to control every aspect of people's lives. What next - mandatory calisthenics every day?
Soda Tax: Another Bad Idea.
Hurts business, takes away freedom and the funds will be misused. NO more taxes or govt regulations.
It would be another failed policy by the govt control minded.
when did we stop being adults and making chose
of what we eat. It is none of your business
what I consume and none of mine what you consume. Haven't we chased enough business away
from our country. Now who is partly to blame for
our present job situation. how many more jobs go
Give me a break, we already tax just about everything in this country except the air that we breathe. You'd never know that we started this country because of high taxes. Sick to death of people who love big government telling you how to live you life.
Yes - state and local governments should be applying special sales taxes on sugary, carbonated soft drinks (and perhaps the diest sodas as well) as there is not much any thing more disgusting to witness at a grocery store than some unwashed butterball loading up their shopping cart with soft drinks and donuts.
Government has no right to tax my food or soda choices simply because they want to discourage it's usage. It is simply a tax grab. My medical bills are paid only by me. If I was on public assistance, then maybe government could restrict my food and beverage choices. But a tax -- never.
no , sugar is not the problem, it gluttony that is the problem ,people should think before they put any food into their body. People need to start taking responsibility for their body. Everyone wants to blame the food, the problem is people think they have to have a soda everyday or two or three.If people would cut back and drink regular water they would be more healthy. The same with all sweets and food.t
Why don't we just give all our money to the government, and let them take care of us the way they see fit. Apparently none of us has the intelligence or personal responsibility to eat properly.
What guarantee do we have that they will use this tax to fund health care. Most states have failed to use tobacco settlement funds for tobacco prevention programs. With the current budget shortfalls of most states, this extra money will be used for what ever is convenient.
Do not let them fool you, this is just another ploy to get more of your money to shore up other failed programs.
Why does it even need to be discussed? It is a no-brainer.
In my opinion the idea of a sweet soda taxation could even go further to a general sugar taxation.Cakes and ice cream would go up in price just like cigarettes did the past months.
Then ,if you spend your money wisely at the grocery store you may live a healthier life and you may not have to go to the dentist to fill cavities
I disagree strongly. I don't believe the government should be able to force me into a certain lifestyle. I have diabetes and MY health is MY concern, not anyone elses. Now, this also means that I should accept the consequences of my actions. I fully intend to pay for all my health concerns without a dime of government money. I believe we would all be better off if this were the norm rather than the exception.
we don't want big brother telling us what to do BUT in this case in ny we already pay taxes on sodas...and if it goes up again, fine...i drink soda occassionally and i have health ins. that i have to pay for, and I am paying for other peoples disease such as diabetes caused directly/indirectly from suagr obesity thru the terrible amount we pay in taxes for medicaid...and i do feel that it is hurting other people...what about the children and family that are left behind????? in the 50s when i was growing up we ate nutritious meals and no sugary C_____...but that is no longer the casewhat, happened to serving size? do we really NEED 32 oz of soda when 10oz would suffice? if you really needed to have it........and sunspur...let the gov tax the company...you'll pay for it anyway in higher cost....and kevin...they've already taken away a lot of our rights they just haven't told us publically yet LOL
I really want to see this come about. People should be discouraged from harmful substances and lifestyle choices. When something is outlawed for its harmful effects, the price to acquire it illegally is very high. Why not implement the same deterant effect in a legal way, just as a reminder to make the consumer stop and consider what they are doing to their bodies?
A government should not have the right to interfere in a person's private life and put pressure on their personal choices, providing those choices don't hurt another individual.
It is my right to eat healthily or unhealthily if I wish.
It is my right to do drugs if I wish (alcohol, cigarettes, weed, etc).
It is up to me who I have sex with and what sexual practises we engage in, providing we are both consenting adults.
It is up to me, what I do with my life, what I put into my body, it is after all my body and my life.
However, it is not my right to physically harm another individual through my choices, for example:
I should not be allowed to smoke in the presence of another person without their permission.
In the case of raising a child I should not be allowed to smoke in their presence at all, I must smoke away from them (e.g. in the garden) or wait until they leave.
Personal freedoms are extremely important, and should not be given up readily. You may not agree with everyone's personal choices, but that's life and they may not agree with yours; providing they aren't harming anyone you have no say in what they choose.
Oh and just for the record, I don't drink alcohol, smoke, or do drugs, but I respect other people's rights to do so, providing they are not hurting anyone else but themselves.
As a political conservative, I actually agree with a tax on soda. As we move down the path of a more socialistic healthcare system in this country, I approve of any way to better associate taxation with where, and on whom, the tax money will be spent. Why should I pay higher taxes on income, etc. to cover healthcare costs of people who eat garbage, smoke, don't exercise, etc.?
I do not think we should have a tax on soda. I don't drink alcohol , smoke , or have a drug problem. But I like my coca cola! But I will get over a soda tax if the government starts giving out discounts on fresh produce. How about that Big Brother? Give us a reward for healthy eating. Of course that won't happen, because it would cost Uncle Sam money!!
Absolutely positively NOT. The 'government' does NOT have the RIGHT to tax Sugars, based upon what "they" consider healthy living. We live in AMERICA and we have this thing called FREEDOM. Then what next? A water tax or tampon tax.. or condoms and Viagra.. I think there should be a huge tax on Vicodin.. the most abused prescription drug in the US and tax the doctors writing the scripts.. WAKE UP AMERICANS Do not give your Freedoms away.. "VOTE Early and VOTE Often"
How dare you try to tax what I drink, whether it contains sugar, high fruitcose ore aspartame. Tax the manufacturer. And by the way, about half of what we eat, drink, or do comes from companies with operations in China operating at very high profit margins
with virtually no oversight as to it's safety. Why not tax those companies? But to tax the consumer? Rediculous.
why not tax sugar laden drinks. The government already taxes about everything else one does, buys or watches. Yeah. Sugar adds to obesity and indirectly adds to the cost of health care. OOPS. What about SEX? it adds to every aspect of government expenditures. Why not stop giving tax breaks to couples having more than 2 children? I'd be for it, since my wife and I have never been able to have offspring, yet we don't get the "perks" that couples with children get. SO, what I'm saying is this: Don't muck with my beer and softdrinks, and then expect whopping tax breaks for having multiple kids. In other words. keep the government out of my private life including what I eat, drink, and do in the bedroom.
What are you thinking. The American people have become such lazy, mindless slobs. This is further proof that we, having choice will make a bad choice out of pleasure and then figure out how to fix the problem created by that choice later. I don't want the government taxing my choices. Why? Because once it starts down the path of taxing based on the governments decision about whats good and bad there is no end to the taxing and policing. It's already started. It's already getting worse. You who think this kind of government taxing of your choice is good had better stop and think of the worst place the government could regulate and decide if you want them regulating it. If you keep supporting this kind of government oversite and regulation that place you think is impossible for them to be in is exactly where they will be in years to come.
Tax processed foods heavily at the consumer and the manufacturers end and sell unprocessed foods tax free. The consumers are lazy about educating themselves about what is healthy and what is not. Type II diabetes has escalated since the 1970's because of transfats, fructose sugars, processed foods and portions getting bigger. If people want to be unhealthy then they need to pay for it we all are paying for it now with medical through the roof. We are a lazy fat society and it is time to change. Europeans banned transfats and fructose sugar, why are we so dumb about it? Lack of education as in all things
Proving that sugar-laden soft drinks are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic is difficult. I believe they are, as well as many other processed foods that contain high-fructose corn sweetener. IF that association can be established then we would have evidence that food producers are responsible, in some way, for the health problems that result. Of course human responsibility is also an issue, but there is plenty of evidence that advertising increases consumption. In that case I think it is the food and beverage producers who need to foot the bill, not the public. They should have to pay directly into a fund that is applied to the public health problems associated with obesity, e.g., type 2 diabetes. Of course this increased cost will be passed on to the consumer but it is more appropriate than taxing the consumer.
Absolutely not! That is too much government intervention into private lives. Into private decisions. If government wants to play "big brother," then put the squeeze on the producers of these harmful chemicals (artificial sweetners) or substances (high fructose corn syrup and other "manufactured" sugars) so that manufacturers don't use them, not the consumers. We have laws on the quality and safety of electrical or electronic gadgets that limit their availability to us. Poorly made or unsafe ones are not allowed to be sold here. Use that same concept to limit or ban the use of harmful chemicals or substances known to not be good for human consumption. Stop it at the source, not at the end user. Don't tax the user while still allowing these mega-companies to make billions from their unhealthy products. Stop it at the source! If it's known to be unhealthy, then limit its distribution. OR, follow the example from cigarettes. Put warning labels on products using high fructose corn syrups (and similar sugars) and let the companies manufacturing them pay the costs of educating the public on the detriments of their use. NO to taxing the end user.
i agree! too many people just don't seek the information about how really dangerous sugar is for them and their children. i think it's a drug and should be taxed just as tobacco and alcohol are. and i think they should take it one step further and make it illegal to sell to minors.
Is that ridiculous... since so many have made themselves obese from over-eating perhaps they need to apply heavy taxes to all foods and then they can increasing the amount of welfare offered to those who can no longer afford food. We have so many more serious problems in this country, and our leaders waste their time on foolish issues like this? Education and responsibility would solve so many problems, making good choices in life, diet, paternity, fiscally... not more tax money to waste. Pathetic.
Politicians should stay out if it. THERE taxation is not for the good of the people but a chance to grab more money and power.
why should the goverment have any say in our life style. all this is about is insurance company not wanting to pay for the health car of people who are over weight.
Taxing sugary beverages, in my opinion, does not address the root of the problem--the profit driven industry that produces them in the first place! Obesity and adult onselt type-2 diabetes was not nearly as prevelant in the 50's or 60's prior to factory farming and fast food. Soda's were sold in small glass bottles and "32 ounce supersized options simply did not exist." The busiinesses that produce and market these glutenous portion sizes and "non-fat with added sugar" products make trillions at the expense of the consumer. If the products are available in the market, many people will buy them--regardless of the health implications. I think that regulating the industry to provide healthier serving sizes would make a big difference in consumption. Perhaps we could consider holding the makers of these offendiing foods partly accountable for their disease causiing impact.
I do not think any beverages should be taxed. The government already taxes too many things.
The sugar in soda is less harmful than the artificial sweetners is diet soda. They have been proven to increase the risk of cancer.
The government has no constitutional right to dictate what we eat. That infringes on our personal freedoms.
We must not let our rulers load us with perpetual debt.
We must make our election between economy and liberty
or profusion and servitude.
If we run into such debt, as that we must be taxed in our meat and
in our drink, in our necessaries and our comforts, in our labors and
our amusements, for our calling and our creeds...
[we will] have no time to think,
no means of calling our miss-managers to account
but be glad to obtain subsistence by hiring ourselves
to rivet their chains on the necks of our fellow-sufferers...
And this is the tendency of all human governments.
A departure from principle in one instance
becomes a precedent for [another ]...
till the bulk of society is reduced to be mere automatons of misery...
And the fore-horse of this frightful team is public debt.
Taxation follows that, and in its train wretchedness and oppression."
Thomas Jefferson
I'm for the soda tax, since I seldom buy soda with sugar. Part of the problem is that sodas seem to be made to really not quench your thirst..
It has been mentioned before but I want to stress that there are those of us who can't use artifical sweetners. In AZ there is a tax on food as well as other products. Food isn't taxed in MN so maybe that would help the budget. I Don't believe you can tax people to a healthy diet. We make out own decisions right or wrong. I mentioned budget before....that is what I think the taxes are all about. Tax what you can under the guise of stressing healthy living.
So where's the money going towards anyway?
It is amazing how many people have no problem taxing the things they do not like or use. How about taxing perfume instead of cigarettes? I hate the smell of many of the fragrances and it infiltrates MY Space. The so called sin taxes are most likely unconstitutional but no one will complain because it makes them appear to condone smoking, drinking etc. I support taxation of everything I do not like or use. That includes all lipsticks other than pastels; all body piercing, tatoos and multi-colored hair. No tax on sporting events or food other than cauliflower and fish products. Thanks
Anything to get more money from us for politicians to waste. While you're coming up with more taxes, why not charge an exorbitant tax to everyone who patronizes a fast food restaurant too? Most of what they serve isn't healthy either.
yes! I dont agree with taxes but either way if it might help people have a healthier lifestyle then by all means tax them on all non needed things only
A totally socialist idea!
Taxation is theft!
Still think it is a good idea?
Yes,soft drinks are as destructive as any other addictive items it should include diet soda.The tax may help defray the costs of these conditions attributed to this addiction to sugar and sodas.
ABSOLUTELY! We should tax soda and any other consumer products or services that have been staticstically shown to cause health problems.
The tax revenues generated should be used to subsidize our out of control healthcare costs (e.g., Medicaid and Medicare). Healthcare costs are totally out of control and this is already impacting our economy.
One of the most promising ideas to reduce long-term healthcare costs is prevention. We should tax unhealthy lifestyle choices heavily enough that it will make people think long and hard about their choices.
In addition, there is evidence suggesting that a signficant part of employment costs have been redirected to pay for rising healthcare insurance costs. This is money that employers might have otherwise paid their employees directly through pay raises. Want to stimulate our economy, put more money in consumers' pockets, and also make people healthier and happier? Then tax unhealthy choices heavily. Someone is going to have to pay for our out of control healthcare costs in the US and we might as well start with the people who make poor personal choices that have been shown to lead to preventable causes of disease and death. Make no mistake, these costs are real and we are alreadying paying for this through higher overall healthcare insurance costs and taxes.
Just my humble opinion.
Definitely! Have thought for a long time that they are as bad as tobacco. Make certain diet pop is included!
"Revenue generated by the soda tax would fund health initiatives such as childhood nutrition and obesity prevention programs." Really? What makes Katherine think that politicians will spend this money on such programs? Why are so many people willing to accept the notion of living in a "nanny state?" History shows that tax revenue from these products will likely decrease. Liberal politicians are already proposing unreasonable tax hikes for such products. If these are passed, people stop buying these products. Revenue decreases, companies suffer and layoff workers so they can remain in business.
The price of living in a free society is that we must be willing to accept the consequences of those who exercise their freedom to make bad choices. Other countries have taken the path suggested by the New England Journal of Medicine and they pay a severe economic price for their punitive tax codes and their health care systems remain in shambles. I see so many posts of people complaining about our broken health care system and out of control costs, yet almost 80% of Americans are satisfied with their health care. Raising taxes will not create these programs. Politicians will spend the money on their pet projects. Articles like this one are irresponsible because the author does not understand enough about the economics and politics of the issue. Public policies like these sound great until you think them through and realize the damage they do.
There is nothing wrong with charging more for non-essential LUXURY food items like soft drinks, fruit-flavored ades, candy, cookies, cakes, pies, granola bars, sweetened cereals and fried foods. No one has to eat these foods and beverages to stay healthy! As a dietary LUXURY these foods should cost more than whole grains, vegetables, fruits and minimally processed meats. Higher prices will lead to less consumption of these energy (calorie) dense items and can only have a positive effect on health and health care costs in the USA. There will be no improvement in personal health or the cost of health care in our country until there is government mandated regulation or restriction of the unnecessary products sold for great profit by the food manufacturers. We need to change food policy in the Farm Bill toward helping farmers grow products other than corn & sugar beets for sweeteners, and soy beans and seeds for frying oils. People are healthier when they limit consumption of added sweeteners and oils - taxation of these products is just one way to help reduce consumption on non-essential food items.
Yes, I think soda and other sugary beverages should be taxed. They have no nutritional value and we should not promote the consumption of these items. The money the tax raises can be used to educate about diseases caused by the over consumption of these beverages. Perhaps the higher tax would discourage folks from purchasing the stuff, much like the cigarette tax has decreased the sale of cigarettes.
I feel that adding a small tax to soda pop would help generate funding for more effective health/wt mgmt programs. I don't feel adding a tax would cut back on pop intake significantly but the money accumulated could help make healthier options more affordable, set up health programs, and even pay for advertising of healthy options and programing. A company like coca cola spends billions of dollars on advertising a year where 'fruit and vegetables, more matters' campaign may have had a million to spend. If you figure there are 10-50 other companies like coca cola, it is no wonder children are being raised to choose less healthy/fast food options instead of healthy options.
Tax soda b/c you need to generate more revenue, not b/c (in large amounts) it's bad for you. It's freedom of choice. Just like choosing to drink beer, smoke, ride a motorcycle and purchase products that are made in the USA. Maybe the government should spend its efforts on educating the uninformed. The more the government gets involved, the less freedoms we will have.
Taxing will not make a difference. A lot of people are "hooked" on pop, same as smokers--they still buy, some have quit because of the tax. The worst offenders of our health are the TV ads. Ads come on and say to join one health club or weight loss clinic and the next ad shows fast food hamburgers. I think the fast food ads outnumber the clinics. The TV is the most influential on our children because most of the parents do not limit the amount of TV the kids watch. But the Government should put their foot down on some of these commercials. The parents have to be the ones to teach their children what they should be eating and give the best examples themselves to their children at the dinner table (unfortunately when TV was invented many families stopped sitting down to the dinner table and sat, then, in front of the TV.) I believe they are trying to teach healthy eating in most of the schools, but have you actually read the school lunch menu? I was amazed that they were still serving about the same thing when my kids attended. I was shocked. I have seen many schools on the news now that have individually taken over the cafeteria and made very healthy meals for the children. I wish all of the school parents could have a bigger say in what is being served at school. The kids do need an exercise program at school, because not all children are atheletically inclined. But it is hard for poor families to afford a lot of the healthy food. We need help for the
Government taxation is not needed. If there is taxation, it won't matter. People will pay the price for their addiction. This has been proven over and over again with alcohol and tobacco products. There is too much research that artificial sweetners actually cause obesity. Splenda has been linked to urinary track infections in some people. Most foods that are reduced in sugar are higher in fat. It is a no win situation. The diet we should be eating is right in the Bible. Fruits, veggies, grains, nut and seeds. Some protein for those that like meat should be eaten sparingly and used as a condiment. The Bible also tells us no scavenger eaters like pigs, crustaceans, fish without scales, etc. I avoid fat, sugar, caffeine, salt and cholesterol as much as possible. Some foods just naturally have fat, salt and cholesterol and cannot be avoided unless you just pass on them. My grandmother made everything from scratch; my mom was everything out of a box or can. I watched my mother with diabetes, colon cancer, quadruple by-pass, dementia, osteoporosis, etc. I have learned live foods are best. Water is my friend. Yes, it is hard with all the products out there but it all comes down to you. What goes in your mouth is what your internal organs are wearing.
what illness does the artificial chemicals cause
To the degree that government coerces citizens into healthy behavior, such healthy behavior becomes an obligation and ceases to be a choice. The Mayo Clinic, then, which has built its reputation by serving individuals who have chosen to improve their health, has every interest in keeping health a matter of choice.
Moderation is the key to most dieting issues. If a healthy 125 lb person wants to have soda, so be it. Why should those who take care of themselves be penalized (taxed yet again) for those who know no self control or disapline? The government sees yet another opportunity to take, take take. Knock it off already.
Absolutely tax them! Anything that is so destructive to good health should be taxed, ie liquor, cigarettes and soda!
This is about the stupiest thing I've ever heard. Why not tax candy bars, Twinkies and donuts too?
I read where a few are ok with taxing soda here, so are you guys ok with the fact that the governmnet taxes stuff you use like gasoline? your boose and what ever else you might use or do you complain quietly about that and then come on here and say it is ok to add yet another money grabbing tax? Stop the idiotic controlling taxes that are only a short answer to make to government look good and line the pockets of the bigger guy one more time. Dont you know what taxes are all about? They were started in the first place to help when a war was happening and were going to stop after it was paid for but when the time came to end it someone decided it was a money maker idea that just cant end now when it looks so good. Just like a main highway they made near my place, it was a nice road we all needed and a toll of 10 dollars each way was going to pay it off in something like 20 years, the traffic was higher then expected and it was paid for in much shorter time, do ya think they stopped the toll? no it was still on that road many years after it was planned for till everyone started to point it out and finally the toll is taken off. Someone got a great deal out of the little people again, get with it people, if you want you wallet drained to control your life then say yes to taking this and the next item up on the menu and the next,,,, When will people stop relying on the goverment to make their piddly little lives work for them? get a back bone of yer own, will ya....
Please keep politics out of this. Government is trying to run everything and taxing us to death is not the answer but then again if we are taxed to death there will be less taxes. I am at the age now where healthcare reform is trying to say we aren't worth treating. All freedoms will soon be taken away or taxed and many of us are sick of it. Why is Mayo Clinic getting into politics? We have this site for health matters.
No - I don't think they should be taxed. What about all the cookies and ice cream and other products that contain sugar - will they tax those also. Cigarettes now have extra taxes but what about beer, wine, and all other liquors that people drink and then get out on the road and drive and cause accidents.
I thought this was supposed to be a health web site. If I wanted politics, I can go to many other sites. Please keep this a safe zone where I can just read about health concerns and butt out of the political debates.
Sugared soft drinks are as destructive as any other addictive items. They cause dental problems, obesity, contribute to diabetes - the tax may help defray the costs of these conditions attributed to this addiction to sugar and sodas.
I definitely agree. If the tax were 10-25 cents per container, maybe more people would switch to diet drinks, and maybe mothers would stop feeding their kids sugar-sweetened stuff so they won't grow up to be as fat as their parents probably are (and have less cavities).
I am against any tax on sugar AND against government intervention in getting people to change their diet. There is too much government involvement in our personal lives already! Personally, I cannot use artificial sweetners because they make me sick. I have diabetes (family history, not because I eat sugar) and I think it is more dangerous for us to consume artificial sweetners that it is to eat sugar occasionally -- I don't care what "they" say. People should use common sense in limiting daily intake of sugar, but I don't need the government involved in my life or by taxing me any more than they already are!
The concept of taxes being a solution is ridiculous.
A good place to start is in our schools. No more selling "junk" food in the schools. If they want to go through the hassle of packing a lunch every day, so be it, but stop being enablers at the taxpayers' expense. Bring back physical education. There should be an hour of physical activity every day for every student. Require the parents of obese children to go through a mandatory educational program regarding the dangers of obesity. Have special after school exercise programs for high-risk children.
There has to be consequences in order to facilitate change. Safe drivers are charged less than drivers with risky driving records; charge smokers and the obese higher insurance premiums unless they can prove that they are enrolled in a program to change their behavior. Require improvement in a year or they pay higher premiums. That's a financial incentive.
Provide incentives for employers to offer wellness programs to their employers. Allow them to charge smokers and the obese higher premiums to cover the cost of the program. Currently, it's considered "discrimination" to do that.
Anyone who thinks taxing the manufacturer instead of the consumer is the answer obviously has never worked in a business environment. It absolutely will be passed on to the consumer.
Absolutely not, educate folks to help them make good decisions rather than have government interfere yet again in our lives. We know from experience that taxing just hurts the people that can least afford it. Tax tax tax, can't our politicians think of something constructive to do rather than coming up with more ways to pile on the taxes?
Part of the problem is that all of school (grades K – 12th grade) have reduced or remove recess and P.E. from our school programs. There is three parts to maintaining a healthy body weight (Exercise, Food in Moderation, and Water (min of 64 ounces a day).
Tax, Tax, Tax that is all government can do when they have made such a mess of using our tax dollars unwisely. If they have more tax dollars they will just be able to make more unwise decisions. Why don't they consider giving back some of our tax dollars from their raises for theirselves which is automatic. Leave our food and drinks alone. It is not government's place to micro manage our lives and that is where we are going with this. What's next tax the "Air we breathe."
Next, people will have to sneak into a donut or ice cream shop, tax those, tax cookies, tax candy bars, tax potato chips, tax sugar in the bag itself. tax. sweet teal. tax jelly, jam, pop tarts, cereal, and the list goes on. Give us a break! People do not want to be controlled in that manner.
Big Brother is invading our lives! It is no one's business whether or not I drink Cokes, etc.; and the government certainly has no business taxing extra for it.
This idea is simply a ploy from two directions: 1, those who want to manage everyone else's lives, and 2, the government--which sees this as a way to increase revenue by adding yet another tax burden to the general population.
This administration has enough on its plate.
Lets support our troops, solve the unemployed
problem, fight the terrorist and on and on and on.
Lets not grow the government to the point that
no one is free.
No. The general population should not be taxed for it. It's the companies that make the products like sugary cereals and soda, who should be taxed for making them. Also, people wh make the choice NOT to drink or eat these food should not be penalized.
It's the old fashioned way of making the whole class stay after school, when one of the kids did something wrong and the teacher makes the whole class stay till there's a confession.
Does the government really think that taxing sugar laden drinks will decrease consumption and lead to healthier choices?? We, as individuals, need to make those healthier choices on our own. It is sad that "pop" is considerably lower in price than healthier fruit juices. Junk food is a lot cheaper to buy than vegetables and fruit. Has taxing junk food lowered consumption?? Consumers will shop according to budget restraints. You go into any health food retail store and it is more costly to eat healthier. As consumers we MUST make healthier choices, not let the government decide for us.
Here we go again..the government is the solution and initself is the problem. Taking personal responsibility for ones behaviors and habits will resolve the problem without the need for government interferring in ones person life and living. Don't think we need the fat police at our front doors...or it it due to creating new jobs with stimulus monies...
Not everyone can handle artificial sweeteners. My Mother, Uncle and I were all sensitive to even the artificial sweeteners in gum. I believe sugar is more healthy, in moderation of course. Maybe the government should tax greasy foods too.
One more thing for the government to tell us what to do. Most of us are smart enough to figure it out by ourselves.
I'm all for a tax. Obesity now causes more deaths each year than cigarette smoking. Obesity is on its way to becoming such a major health problem that it drives rates up for those of us with a bit of self disicipline. We tax cigarettes and cigars because we understand they are a health problem. This tax has contributed to a decline in smoking and this a decline in tobacco related deaths. Why should the rest of us subsidise the habits of those that knowingly contribute to this obesity problem and thus higher health costs for all of us.
This is government trying to control our freedoms and behavior. You notice that they are not taxing ALL sugar usage. I have tried all the artifical sweetners on the market and they can not come close to natural sugar. Oh yes, didn't they find out maragine had health problems when used to cook with, so now we are back to real butter. Look at the number of people that pay more for bottled waer than they do for gasoline and most are drinking tap water, DAH! I use a Pur water filter pitcher and refill a Rubbermaid water bottle and I changed the filter every 3 - 5 months. $ in my pocket.
If I drank a soda product sweetened with artifical sweetener I would become so dizzy and off balance I might fall on my face. Artifical sweeteners have their draw backs too. So lets drop the tax idea. As for cigerette's - tax the tobacco grower and mftr not the people who buy them. You can quit smoking if you so desire. My son did. Wasn't easy but he did it. Hooray!!!!!
No one HAS to drink soda, and actually no one SHOULD. Anything to encourage less soda drinking is OK with me.
Absolutely - this should be lumped together with other "sin" txes - tobacco, alcohol - it is the cause of many health problems
A tax to force people to make the "correct" personal choice will not educate people. Those who want to drink soda will do it no matter what. They will compensate for the tax with buying more unhealthy food since healthy food is more expensive. People hear what they want to hear, and buy what they want to buy. One of my fears is that the next tax could be on high-fat meat. Why not? Meat that's high in fat isn't healthy for you either.
Another thing to consider is that this tax will punish those people that don't have an issue with soda causing weight gain. Why punish them because some people overindulge? This would be an unfair tax.
I don't agree. If a tax is placed on sweetened soft drinks, then the next tax may be on something that some powerful lobby decides will benefit them. A better solution is to educate the consumer to choose healthier options.
Tax the makers of the bad ingredients and then tax the company purchasing it for use in their products and if they tax the buyer then so be it. We are not the maker, they know what they are doing, you tax the maker and they will decide if they want to pay more to sell it or charge their buyers or if it would be a better idea to get their labs working to find better ingredients to make their products. They are experts not us.
I dont know why taxes to the little guy always seems to be the only fix the government can come up with while the big money makers are still allowed to put that stuff in a box and sell it to the public. Personally I dont care because I drink about 3 or 4 pop in a month and can live without it especially since all I want is that cold blast as it come out of the fridge and can rarely finish a whole bottle but I am tired of the working class being taxed for everything that is supposed to hurt us.
I see this as an easy fix, lable certain dangerous chemicals and ingredients as non consumable and anyone wanting to put it in their foods must pay to use it and then make them label it as unsafe so there is more cost in their packaging. They will get rid of it and they probably know how to already. And why just pop? Make them all answer for bad ingredients.
TAX THE MONEY MAKERS WHO ARE HURTING US. Can anyone hear this?
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On April 2, Asia Foundation President David D. Arnold will moderate a discussion with Singapore's ambassador to the United States, Ashok Kumar Mirpuri, at the World Affairs Council in San Francisco. Ambassador Mirpuri will speak on political and economic developments in the Asia-Pacific and Singapore's relationship with the United States. Read more about the event.


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A Comparison of FDFD and FEM Methods Applied to the Buried Mine ProblemR. W. Gamache, C. Rappaport, and M. Farid.
TransTech Systems inc., Northeastern University
The major impediment to detection and characterization of low dielectric contrast nonmetallic buried in soil is the distorting and masking effects of clutter from rough ground surfaces and soil volumetric inhomogeneities.
In this work, a 2D FDFD code developed specifically for the buried mine problem will be compared to a commercial FEM code, COMSOL Multiphysics.
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