text:
Quality Inn & Suites Mt. Chalet
834 Highway 441 South
Clayton, GA 30525
Phone: (706) 782-2214
Fax: (706) 782-1093
»Blind Horse Saloon
Known as the Upstate's number one Country Western nightclub and bar, the Blind Horse Saloon is a big hit with South Carolina locals and country line-dancing enthusiasts. The saloon is a full-service bar that hosts country-western bands ranging from local acts to Grammy Award and CMA Award winners including Garth Brooks and Travis Tritt. On Wednesday, the saloon opens up into a full-on dance party with young and old people hitting the floor to do their favorite line routine or the official South Carolina state dance called The Shag. The Blind Horse does not serve food but there are many restaurants conveniently located nearby. Don't forget your cowboy boots and hat!
»Skyy Lounge
This club on the eastern edge of Greenville plays a mix of Latin music almost every night of the week. Its massive 9,000-square foot houses a dance floor, restaurant, stage and private VIP tables. If you like bachata, merengue or reggae music, then this is the spot to visit.
»Escape Oxygen Bar
Escape Oxygen Bar encompasses many things including a full-service bar, hookah lounge, restaurant, nightclub and pool lounge. The atmosphere is club-like but if dancing is not your cup of tea, chill out in one of the lounges for a group hookah smoke or a pool game. The food menu consists of bar fare like chicken wings, mozzarella sticks, jalapeno poppers and burgers. The crowd is mixed depending on the day and event going on, especially on Saturdays when it is an under-age dance party. Check the website for upcoming events.
»40 Watt Club
The 40 Watt Club is a historic bar which dates back to the birth of punk rock. The bar is today used as a venue for various live music events and concerts, some of which are local and some national.
»Club 828
The Club 828 in downtown Asheville is a vibrant addition to the city's party scene. Apart from the electronica spun by the DJs on regular nights, the club also welcomes musicians to present their music unfiltered to the audience. On Monday nights you will get a taste of the local live music scene as the night is all about the 'Live' music. On other nights, too, there are events taking place that are sure to keep you entertained. So put on your dancing shoes, grab your partner, or go solo, and head straight for Club 828. See the website for more information.
»The Boiler Room
A hot and happening music space located at The Grove House, The Boiler Room is famous for its patronage to underground music. Also on offer are genres like shoegaze, ambient ,experimental, garage, indie and pop among others. The venue popularly hosts a host of live acts and music performances by upcoming bands and artists on a regular basis. Check website for more details on current and upcoming events.
»The Orange Peel
With a 942 person capacity and state-of-the-art sound and light facilities, the Orange Peel Social Aid and Pleasure Club is your pick for the day. It is the favorite live music hall and concert venue, featuring all kinds of stage performances and cultural acts. Famous personalities and bands, such as Bob Dylan, Damien Rice and Flaming Lips have performed here. The atmosphere is ideal for any kind of show. In fact, you can even host private parties and events here. Grab a bite at the in-house restaurants or have a drink or two at the beautifully designed bar after the event.
»Hannah Flanagan's Irish Pub & Restaurant
At Hannah Flanagan's you will find the locals turning up some of the finest Irish (and otherwise) draft and bottled beers available. This place offers an evening of fun and entertainment in a traditional Irish-style pub, located in the heart of downtown Asheville. Pub fare specialties include such dishes as Corned Beef & Cabbage and Shepherds Pie, a plate full of lamb, carrots and peas, covered by mashed potatoes and cheddar cheese. Enjoy the large outdoor dining area and catch live music throughout the week and weekend.
»Z Lounge
By day, a classy restaurant (Old Europe Bistro), by night, one of Asheville's hottest dance and drink spots! The Z Lounge is a 21+ club that prides itself on its VIP service and its fancy drinks. Try the Z French 75, which combines champagne, Tanqueray, sugar and lemon juice; or, the Appalachian Iced Tea, which is one of the strongest drinks this side of the Mississippi. The Z Lounge is available to rent out for private parties and corporate events. Live music every night. Dress code enforced: no sneakers, no tank tops, no shorts, no baseball caps, no baggy clothing.
»Tressa's Downtown Jazz & Blues
Treat yourself to some serious jazz and smashing cocktails. Many special events including benefits, charity events, art openings and holiday celebrations are hosted at this bar. New Year's Eve, Helpmate Benefit, Valentine's Day, July 4th Anniversary and Mardi Gras are only some of the annual parties to look forward to. Music starts after 9p and the crowd gets into the groove by 10. Feel free to visit their non-smoking V.I.P. Lounge upstairs if you want to chill, or just dance all night to the swingin' Blues.
»Chops at Sunset Terrace
Chops at Sunset Terrace, located at the Grove Park Inn, is known worldwide for its gorgeous mountain and sunset views over the city skyline. Outdoor dining on the popular veranda also overlooks Grove Park Inn's golf and tennis courts. Steaks and chops are the restaurant's specialty, but surf and turf, lobster and chicken are also available. The restaurant is located in the expansive Great Hall.


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Confirmed that neither are in stock at my local Sprint store... cause Sprint seems to not want to support freedom of choice and they lack any Windows phone offering.
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Posted 12 November 2012 - 23:44
Well it doesn't match up with what other reviewer have said. also I don't find it remarkably unlikely at all, but then I'm used to the remarkable ability of WP to save on battery, whereas my current android will eat battery even if I don't use it, and if I try to use a GPS app or play a game... then it's gone in a second.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
ATLANTA (AP) - Authorities are urging motorists to stay off eastbound Interstate 285 north of Atlanta after a pedestrian crossing the roadway was struck and killed.
ATLANTA (AP) - Georgia Department of Revenue officials say they're already seeing numerous cases of scammers attempting to file fraudulent 2014 income tax returns.
ATLANTA (AP) - Large corporations and trade groups gave at least $217 million to sway the outcome of state ballot measure and referendum campaigns during the 2014 midterm elections, a new study has found. For the most part, they were overwhelmingly successful in defeating proposals that they didn't like.
WASHINGTON (AP) - The Supreme Court is taking another look at President Barack Obama's health care law, and this time it's not just the White House that should be worried.
ATHENS, Ga. (AP) - Georgia class of 28 signees on Wednesday included an emphasis on defense, seven early enrollees and a defensive lineman rated as the nation's top prospect.
ATLANTA (AP) - Federal officials say more than 448,500 Georgians have signed up for health insurance through a federally facilitated marketplace.
ATLANTA (AP) - Atlanta Mayor Kasim Reed says there are plans to expand the Atlanta Streetcar system to the east, which would connect it with the Atlanta BeltLine trail.
For the first time, lung cancer has passed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths for women in rich countries.
ATLANTA (AP) - Georgia Insurance Commissioner Ralph Hudgens is warning consumers of a life insurance scam involving unsolicited calls.
ATLANTA (AP) - Forecasters say a wintry mix of precipitation will be possible across far north Georgia.
ATLANTA (AP) - High school students could earn credit toward their diploma while taking some college-level courses under a bill approved by Georgia's Senate.
FLOWERY BRANCH, Ga. (AP) - Dan Quinn says he's looking to build a defense that plays "fast and physical" and a balanced offense as the Atlanta Falcons coach.
ATLANTA (AP) - Police say a device taped to a bridge over a busy Atlanta freeway was not explosive, but they haven't said exactly what it was.
LAGRANGE, Ga. (AP) - A Georgia man charged in the deaths of his wife, three of her family members and a friend was arrested at a bus station in Tupelo, Mississippi, authorities said Monday.
ROSWELL, Ga. (AP) - Bobbi Kristina Houston wanted to sing, act and dance like her megastar parents, Whitney Houston and R&B artist Bobby Brown. Instead, she has mostly made tabloid headlines for drug use and family disputes - the same perils that derailed their careers.
ATLANTA (AP) - Temperatures plunged to 6 degrees above zero in Atlanta and 6 degrees below zero at a remote weather station in the north Georgia mountains as the coldest air in years settled over the state.
ATLANTA (AP) - Six more indicted Atlanta Public Schools educators have pleaded guilty to their involvement in a standardized test-cheating conspiracy.
COVINGTON, Ga. (AP) - Although deer hunting season in south Georgia is coming to an end, Georgia Wildlife Federation officials say there's still time for hunters to participate in the Georgia Hunters for the Hungry program.
ATLANTA (AP) - A man who pleaded guilty to slapping a crying toddler on a flight is due in federal court for sentencing.
ATHENS, Ga. (AP) - The board that governs Georgia's public colleges and universities is taking a close look at banning tobacco from campuses statewide.
ATLANTA (AP) - Authorities suspect a former south Georgia banker who disappeared 18 months ago and who faces allegations he stole millions of dollars from investors was growing marijuana in a home in Florida.
ATLANTA (AP) - This was supposed to be the time when Georgia fans began to wonder about the Bulldogs' future without four-year starting quarterback Aaron Murray.
ATLANTA (AP) - Atlanta police say a man who was found dead near Interstate 20 got out of a car on the highway after an argument and likely fell down a steep embankment.
ATLANTA (AP) - Power crews were responding to scattered outages across the state as winds howled and temperatures plunged.
ATHENS, Ga. (AP) - Authorities say a man accidentally fired his gun in a northeast Georgia restaurant, sending the bullet through his seat and ricocheting off the floor.
BRUNSWICK, Ga. (AP) - A U.S. marshal told a judge that a south Georgia bank director accused of losing millions of investor dollars before vanishing was homeless before his arrest earlier this week.
ATLANTA (AP) - Forecasters are predicting icy roads and light snow in parts of the north Georgia mountains.
ATLANTA (AP) - A giant yellow M&M has been hoisted atop the structure used for Atlanta's Peach Drop New Year's Eve celebration downtown.
ATLANTA (AP) - Frequent showers and storms have made 2013 Atlanta's fifth wettest year on record.
COLUMBUS, Ga. (AP) - A Columbus man faces battery charges for allegedly attacking his mother after he couldn't control the family dogs.


text:
The first round of internationals gets underway for the seventeen Real Madrid players called up by their national teams
Germany drew with Australia. Benzema and Varane could be up against Marcelo today as France take on Brazil.
Liga BBVA12:00vs
Germany drew with Australia. Benzema and Varane could be up against Marcelo today as France take on Brazil.
Pacheco, Nacho, Illarra and Jesé trained with the Castilla squad.
The Real Madrid player picked up the award before the friendly between Germany and Australia got underway.
Real Madrid held the silence before training as a mark of respect for the victims of Tuesday's air accident.
He has hit 131 goals for Real Madrid during his time at the club.
The Brazilian has won 31 of the 41 games he has played in.
The midfielder has played 94 games during his two seasons with Real Madrid.
Real Madrid returned to training without the players who are away on international duty.
In the first half of the season Real Madrid won 27 of a possible 30 points against their upcoming rivals.
"We are going to fight until the end, that is what this badge demands", stated Pepe.


text:
iPhone - iPod
Fashion Icon Answers for iPhone - iPodHome / iPhone - iPod /
Game Questions & Answers (Q&A) service lets you ask questions about video games for game consoles or PC games. So ask your Fashion Icon question for iPhone - iPod and get answers from real gamers or answer questions and share your insights and experience with the rest of the gaming community.
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- Developer: Gameloft
- Publisher: Gameloft
- Genre: Role-Playing
- Release Date: May 24, 2012
- ESRB: Not Set
- Other Platforms
Question & Answers
Can't redeem my diamond pack
I bought 60 diamonds & i was sent my code for it saying i should go to the redeem section of the game. I don't know where the redeem section of the game is. Someone pls tell me where it is
Answer from: Dee
I always try to purchase bt i dont receive the sms
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text:
Description of the condition
The term 'amblyopia' refers to bluntness of vision and is derived from the Greek words "amblys" (meaning blunt) and "ops" (meaning eye). Clinically, amblyopia denotes a reduction in vision in the absence of any retinal anomaly or any disorder of the afferent visual pathways (Duke-Elder 1973). Amblyopia typically affects only one eye but it sometimes affects both eyes. Amblyopia is usually classified according to its cause:
- strabismic, caused by squint (eye misalignment);
- anisometropic, caused by unequal refractive (focusing) error;
- meridional, caused by astigmatism (irregular corneal curvature);
- ammetropic, caused by high refractive error in both eyes;
- stimulus deprivation, caused by an obstruction in the visual pathway.
Mixed amblyopia, which is a result of more than one cause, is typically due to a combination of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. This review is focused on interventions for stimulus deprivation amblyopia (SDA), also called amblyopia ex anopsia. Other Cochrane reviews have evaluated interventions for strabismic and anisometropic (refractive) amblyopia (Taylor 2011; Taylor 2012).
Visual experiences in early life determine the organization of the portion of the adult brain that processes visual stimuli (Wiesel 1963). The time within which abnormal visual input can lead to a disruption of the normal pattern of development is called the 'critical period' (Hockfield 1998). There are several critical periods, each associated with different visual functions (Harwerth 1990), which probably reflect development of different parts of the brain. These critical periods can be considered as a continuum from extreme sensitivity to almost no sensitivity to external stimuli. Amblyopia begins to develop in these critical periods at young ages when the brain and the visual system are immature and connections between neurons are still being formed and stabilized. During the critical period, most amblyopia is reversible, usually until the child is 10 years old (AAO 2002). The critical period varies considerably among children and depends on the type of amblyopia.
Patients with SDA lose vision from disuse or lack of formation of clear retinal images, most commonly as a result of one of the following:
- unoperated infantile cataract (opacity of the lens);
- ptosis (droopy eyelids) (Dray 2002; Gusek-Schneider 2000);
- hemangioma (blood-rich swelling on the lid) (Schulz 1982);
- obstruction in the vitreous (clear gel that fills the eye), for example due to bleeding (Ferrone 1994);
- aphakia (absence of the natural lens);
- occlusion prescribed to treat amblyopia of the other eye (Awaya 1973; Von Noorden 1973; Von Noorden 1981).
Patients with SDA may have either otherwise healthy eyes or other co-existing conditions, such as microphthalmos (small eye), coloboma (incomplete formation of the eye), optic nerve hypoplasia (under-developed optic nerve), or retinal abnormalities. Co-existing conditions often limit the visual prognosis. It is difficult to discern whether the visual loss is due to SDA or due to other co-existing conditions in the eye.
The most commonly reported cause of SDA is congenital or infantile cataract in one eye. Stimulus deprivation secondary to the cataract continues until the cataract is removed and optical correction is provided. Even after optical correction, the affected eye may continue to be anisometropic and anisekonic (forming unequal image sizes) (Enoch 1983). The early insult to the visual system is believed to make this type of amblyopia particularly severe and resistant to treatment. The visual prognosis has been reported to be poor (Kanski 1994; Taylor 1997).
The prevalence of amblyopia in the general population ranges from 1% to 5% (Brown 2000; Hillis 1983). In European children, the prevalence ranges from 1% to 2.5% (Kvarnstrom 2001; Newman 2000). Amblyopia accounts for 29% of unilateral blindness in Copenhagen (Buch 2001) and as much as 8.3% of bilateral blindness in India following childhood cataract surgery (Dandona 2003). SDA accounts for less than 3% of amblyopic patients (Hillis 1983).
Routine health checks of babies and toddlers are carried out by a variety of health care personnel (for example, pediatricians, nurses) and provide an opportunity for detection of the causative factors (for example, ptosis, cataract) associated with SDA. SDA itself is not likely to be noticed, but parents may detect the signs associated with causes of SDA such as leukocoria (white pupils) in children with congenital cataracts or droopy eyelid (ptosis). Children may also present with squint (misalignment) as a result of poor vision in one eye. In the developed world, most patients with SDA present for treatment while they are under the age of one (Mein 1991).
There are four main steps in the diagnosis of SDA.
- Visual acuity testing: testing young children largely relies on objective observations that are limited by cognition and concentration. Qualitative methods (e.g., assessing fixation preference) may be used, however quantitative tests (e.g., preferential looking) are more precise. Preferential looking tests rely on the observation that infants prefer to look at patterned rather than plain surfaces (Fanz 1958). Children look at a striped panel when they can discern it. A Snellen equivalent can then be computed using the degree of visual angle subtended by the stripes in the panel. In older children, testing methods are more objective and rely on the child's identification of pictoral or letter optotypes in Snellen, decimal or logMAR notation.
- External and internal eye examination to identify any co-existing conditions: the examination must focus on identifying lesions such as optic nerve hypoplasia that could lead to inappropriate or unsuccessful treatment of the condition.
- Cycloplegic refraction and corrective prescription when indicated: amblyopia can be diagnosed only after correcting any significant refractive error.
- Rechecking visual acuity with any prescribed refractive correction in place: some improvement in visual acuity can be expected with refractive correction alone. There should be a period of adjustment to spectacles before retesting. Traditionally this adjustment period has been four to six weeks, but studies on refractive and strabismic amblyopia show this period may be as long as 24 weeks (Moseley 2002).
Definitions of amblyopia vary largely due to the fact that there is little evidence as to what constitutes normal vision at different ages based on successful performances on many commonly used tests. Amblyopia may be defined by comparing both eyes (inter-ocular difference) or by looking at monocular visual acuity alone. We have elected to define amblyopia as vision worse than 6/9 on a Snellen-based test, 0.2 LogMAR or its equivalent in one eye. Assuming that the fellow eye has normal vision, that is 6/6 or logMAR 0.0, this definition means that the difference in vision between the two eyes is greater than 0.2 log MAR.
Description of the intervention
Visual loss due to SDA can be difficult to quantify due to the limitations of the visual acuity tests available for young children but is believed to be severe in most cases. The aim of treatment is to maximize visual recovery without adversely affecting acuity in the better-seeing eye. The rationale for treatment is two-fold, to provide a good second eye should the better-seeing eye ever be visually compromised; and to maximize stereopsis (binocular co-operation between the eyes). Untreated or unsuccessfully treated amblyopia may affect adult life. For individuals with amblyopia, the lifetime risk of serious visual impairment due to loss or damage of the better-seeing eye is estimated to be between 1.2% and 3.3% (Rahi 2002). In addition, there are implications for employment prospects and, therefore, income. The number of jobs barred to individuals with reduced vision increases with the severity of the deficit (Adams 1999). Futhermore, stereopsis is required to participate in many sports and for some jobs.
Stages of treatment
- The first stage is to correct any factor degrading the quality of the visual image (e.g., infantile cataract extraction, ptosis repair). In cases of early unilateral deprivation, correction must be undertaken in the first eight to 12 weeks of life (Birch 1986; Birch 1988; Gregg 1992; Kanski 1994; McCulloch 1994; Taylor 1997).
- The second stage is to provide necessary refractive correction to maximize the quality of visual stimulation received by the child's amblyopic eye. Intraocular implants, contact lenses or both may be used after cataract surgery.
- The third stage is occlusion therapy. Occlusion of the unaffected eye forces the use of the amblyopic eye to stimulate the formation of functional connections in the brain (Boothe 2000).
How the intervention might work
Occlusion regimen
Protocols and practices for occlusion therapy vary considerably. Typically, occlusion therapy ranges in duration from an hour to more than six hours (full-time). Factors affecting the prescribed amount of occlusion include the level of visual deficit, the age of the child and the likely waiting time to the next appointment. Follow-up is recommended at intervals of one week per year of age during periods of aggressive patching (Simon 1987). Occlusion may be stopped when visual acuity becomes equal in the two eyes or if no progress has been made after three months of good compliance with occlusion (Pratt-Johnson 2001). Children may require monitoring until they reach the age of visual maturity (approximately seven years of age) to ensure that amblyopia does not recur. Some periods of maintenance occlusion may be required during that time (Mein 1991).
The following have been used as additions to occlusion therapy, but are not currently popular clinically.
- CAM visual stimulator: uses rotating high-contrast square wave gratings to stimulate the amblyopic eye.
- Pleoptics: employs after-images to encourage foveal fixation and normal projection in the amblyopic eye.
Types of occlusion
Atropine penalization and optical penalization (patching or use of lenses to reduce the acuity) are forms of occlusion that encourage use of the amblyopic eye by diminishing visual form. These treatments for amblyopia were evaluated in another Cochrane review, which showed that atropine penalization is as effective as conventional occlusion (Li 2009). Total occlusion is not without disadvantages in terms of discomfort, but it is relatively easy to control the dosage of treatment and is without the more complex side effects of alternatives such as occlusive contact lenses.
Measuring outcomes
In order to quantify amblyopia, visual acuity must be measured. Qualitative methods for assessing vision in preverbal children are based on the observation of their fixation patterns. These methods are often unreliable and require highly trained examiners (Wright 1986; Zipf 1976). Visual acuity assessed using an age-appropriate test (Fulton 1978; Sebris 1987) is the most commonly used outcome to evaluate treatment for amblyopia. Tests vary in the use of optotypes (pictures, letters, or symbols), presented with or without crowding. Crowded visual acuity tests are harder to perform but are more sensitive to amblyopia than uncrowded tests.
Developmental changes in young children complicate the evaluation of actual change in visual acuity before and after treatment. Alternative methods of measuring change have been suggested (Schmidt 1994; Stewart 2003), but we aimed to compare post-treatment visual acuity levels (defining restoration of normal visual acuity as better than or equal to 6/9 on Snellen, or 0.2 LogMAR or its equivalent).
Factors affecting outcome
Compliance with therapy is critical for successful treatment but often can be difficult to achieve. Young children can become distressed by being restricted to reduced visual acuity and from the discomfort of wearing an adhesive patch. It has been suggested that, if possible, compliance should be monitored to measure its affect on the response to treatment. Devices to objectively measure compliance have been developed (Awan 2005; Stewart 2005) but are not in common use; typically clinicians depend on parental reports. Other factors believed to affect treatment success are the duration of visual deprivation, the age at onset and timing of initiation of therapy (Maurer 1989); early onset of amblyopia, long duration of the condition and late initiation of therapy are associated with worse visual prognosis.
Harm from occlusion therapy
Potential adverse effects from occlusion therapy include inducing amblyopia in the occluded eye, skin allergies, infections or corneal abrasions from contact lens wear, diplopia (double vision) and psychological effects on the parents and children (for example, distress).
Why it is important to do this review
The reported success of treatment for SDA varies. Studies have reported good levels of vision following early treatment (Gregg 1992; McCulloch 1994) but there is a lack of standardization and poor agreement among experts as to the optimum amount of occlusion needed to achieve a good visual outcome. Commencing occlusion therapy in infants with very poor vision can be harrowing for the parents and stressful for the child. Realistic treatment goals are often poorly defined. It is thus necessary to establish the most effective occlusion regimen(s) for stimulus deprivation amblyopia and to define the degree of improvement that can reasonably be expected from this treatment.
Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of occlusion therapy for SDA in an attempt to establish realistic treatment outcomes. Where data were available, we also planned to examine evidence of any dose response effect and to assess the effect of the duration, severity and causative factor on the size and direction of the treatment effect.
Criteria for considering studies for this review
Types of studies
We planned to include randomized and quasi-randomized trials in this review, with no restriction on the number of participants in the trials.
Types of participants
We planned to include trials that recruited participants with the following characteristics.
- Unilateral SDA, defined as best-corrected visual acuity in the affected eye worse than 6/9 Snellen, or its equivalent, after treatment for the causative factor had been undertaken and ensuing that refractive error had been corrected. We also planned to report other co-existing amblyogenic factors.
- Unrestricted age, gender, ethnicity, co-morbidity, and medication use.
Types of interventions
We planned to include trials evaluating the following interventions:
- total occlusion by adhesive patch;
- total occlusion by occlusive contact lens;
- pleoptic treatment;
- partial occlusion (i.e., Bangerter filters);
- CAM visual stimulation.
We planned to examine the following comparisons:
- total occlusion versus no occlusion;
- any method of total occlusion compared to another;
- total occlusion plus pleoptic treatment versus total occlusion alone;
- total occlusion plus CAM visual stimulator versus total occlusion alone;
- full-time occlusion (more than six hours/day) versus part-time occlusion (less than six hours/day);
- different durations of partial occlusion, for example two hours/day versus six hours/day;
- any partial occlusion compared to another;
- any total occlusion compared to any partial occlusion;
- any partial occlusion compared to no occlusion.
Types of outcome measures
Primary outcomes
The primary outcome for this review was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the amblyopic eye, assessed by an age-appropriate test 12 months after cessation of occlusion therapy.
Although the two are not directly equivalent, we planned to convert Snellen data into the logMAR equivalent for ease of interpretation and analysis.
We planned to dichotomize the outcomes as follows.
- Normal = better than or equal to 0.2 logMAR, 6/9 Snellen or its equivalent.
- Residual deficit = worse than 0.2 logMAR units.
Where possible, we planned to compare the proportions of children with the outcomes specified versus without.
Secondary outcomes
The secondary outcomes for this review were:
- visual acuity in the amblyopic eye at seven years of age or older;
- the proportion of the amblyopia deficit corrected (Stewart 2003);
- any measure of stereoacuity (three-dimensional (3-D) vision).
Cost data
We planned to summarize in the following categories the comparative costs of the treatment methods described in the included trials.
Adverse effects
We planned to summarize adverse effects related to treatment that were reported in the included trials.
Severe: occlusion amblyopia, contact lens-related problems (e.g., infection, corneal abrasions), adverse psychological effects (e.g., distress), treatment cessation due to poor compliance or failure to attend follow-up visits, or diplopia (double vision).
Minor: allergy to patches.
Quality of life measures
We planned to summarize any data on quality of life measures of both the parents and child, as described in the reports of the included trials.
We planned to include in our analyses data from trials with a minimum post-treatment follow-up of six months. For trials that did not meet this criterion, we planned to include the trials in our qualitative synthesis but exclude them from any meta-analyses.
Search methods for identification of studies
Electronic searches
In 2013, we revised the searches of electronic databases from the 2007 update. We searched PubMed which had not originally been searched. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) 2013, Issue 9, part of The Cochrane Library. www.thecochranelibrary.com (accessed 28 October 2013), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily Update, Ovid OLDMEDLINE (January 1946 to October 2013), EMBASE (January 1980 to October 2013), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS) (January 1982 to October 2013), PubMed (January 1946 to October 2013), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrial.gov), and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. We last searched the electronic databases on 28 October 2013.
See: Appendices for details of search strategies for CENTRAL (Appendix 1), MEDLINE (Appendix 2), EMBASE (Appendix 3), LILACS (Appendix 4), PubMed (Appendix 5), mRCT (Appendix 6), ClinicalTrials.gov (Appendix 7), and ICTRP (Appendix 8).
Searching other resources
We did not conduct any manual searches for this review. In future updates of this review, we will search the Web of Science® for any articles that cited reports of trials included in this review. In addition, we also will handsearch references cited in reports of trials included in this review.
Data collection and analysis
Selection of studies
Two review authors independently assessed the titles and abstracts of all reports identified by the electronic searches as per the 'Criteria for considering studies for this review'. The review authors were aware of the report authors, institutions and trial results during this assessment.
We classified each abstract as (a) definitely include, (b) unsure, or (c) definitely exclude. We retrieved full-text articles for abstracts classified as (a) definitely include and (b) unsure. Two review authors independently screened the full-text articles and classified them as either (1) included, (2) awaiting clarification or (3) excluded. A third review author resolved any disagreements at each stage. We contacted the authors of studies classified as (2) awaiting assessment for further clarification. The table of excluded studies lists the details of full-text articles classified by both review authors as excluded.
Methods for future updates
If any randomized or quasi-randomized trials are identified in future updates of this review we will adopt the following methods.
Data extraction and management
Two review authors will independently extract data from the reports of the included trials. We will resolve discrepancies through discussion. We will contact the trial investigators about any missing data. One review author will enter data into RevMan 5.2 and a second review author will verify the entered data.
We will extract the following data from the included trials.
(1) Participants:
- numbers of participants in the trial, age at onset of SDA and age at initiation of treatment for SDA, duration of stimulus deprivation, cause of stimulus deprivation, visual acuity before treatment, and details about refractive correction;
- concomitant ocular pathology that may limit visual outcome (e.g., coloboma, optic nerve hypoplasia, retinal dystrophy). Data from studies including such participants will be included in subgroup analyses;
- adjustment period to spectacle correction.
(2) Intervention: method of occlusion, regimes, use of CAM or pleoptics.
(3) Outcomes: test(s) used; length of follow-up; whether, when and how compliance was assessed.
Assessment of risk of bias in included studies
Two review authors will independently assess the sources of systematic bias in trials according to methods set out in Chapter 8 of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins 2011). We will evaluate reports of included trials for the following domains:
- random sequence generation (selection bias);
- allocation concealment (selection bias);
- masking of outcome assessors (detection bias);
- incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) - number of participants lost to follow-up and the methods used to account for losses to follow-up in the analyses;
- selective outcome reporting (reporting bias);
- other sources of bias.
Two review authors will grade each of the risk of bias domains as 'high risk'; 'low risk'; or 'unclear risk' of bias. A third review author will resolve any disagreements between the first two authors. We will not assess masking of participants and care providers because it is not feasible with interventions for SDA. We will contact authors of reports of included trials for any details that are not described in the published reports. We will use available information to assess the potential for risk of bias whenever the trial authors do not respond within four weeks of our communication.
Measures of treatment effect
For dichotomous outcomes, we will calculate odds ratios for rarer outcomes or risk ratios for more frequent outcomes. We will calculate mean differences for continuous outcomes. We will report 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all summary effect estimates.
Unit of analysis issues
Patients with SDA mostly present with unilateral disease. Consequently, we expect one eye per individual to be the unit of analysis in trials of interventions for SDA. We will refer to available statistical resources such as the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins 2011) or the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group for advise with any unit of analysis issues in data analysis.
Dealing with missing data
We will contact authors of reports for trials included in our review about any missing data. When the trial authors are unable to provide any details then we will include the trial in our qualitative analysis and omit it from meta-analyses for the outcomes with missing data. We will not impute data, rather we will use the available-case data and note the limitations with this method.
Assessment of heterogeneity
We will examine forest plots for overlap of 95% CIs of effect estimates for visual assessment of heterogeneity between effect estimates of the included trials. The I
Data synthesis
If we find no evidence of statistical or clinical heterogeneity across included trials, we will combine the results from the trials in meta-analyses using a fixed-effect model. If there is statistical heterogeneity in the absence of clinical heterogeneity, we will compute a summary measure using a random-effects model. In the case where we find substantial statistical (I
Subgroup analysis and investigation of heterogeneity
When sufficient data are available and trials are stratified prior to randomization, the following subgroups will be explored:
- participants with and without any co-existing ocular pathology (that might be expected to limit visual prognosis);
- participants with stimulus deprivation amblyopia associated with a unilateral congenital cataract versus any other unilateral etiology.
Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analyses will be conducted, when appropriate, to determine the size and direction of effect when excluding the following:
- outcomes measured on uncrowded vision tests;
- studies where any risk of bias item has been graded as 'high risk';
- unpublished studies or industry-funded studies.
Description of studies
Results of the search
The electronic searches conducted in 2004 identified 799 abstracts and titles of which seven appeared to be randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions for amblyopia. Of these, three trials evaluated conventional occlusion therapy but did not include patients with SDA (Clarke 2003; Holmes 2003a; Repka 2003). There were four studies (Keith 1980; Mehdorn 1981; Nyman 1983; Tytla 1981) on the CAM visual stimulator but after reading the full-texts of the studies and contacting the authors, where necessary, it became apparent that only one trial (Nyman 1983) had included participants with SDA and the data relevant to this review were no longer available. All seven trials were therefore excluded (see table: Characteristics of excluded studies).
Full text copies of 25 additional references were obtained because the initial search information was insufficient to establish whether the studies were eligible for inclusion, either because only the title was available, the abstract was unclear, or the abstract or study was written in a language other than English. After further perusal or translation, all studies were found to be ineligible and were excluded. Reasons for exclusion have been documented (see table: Characteristics of excluded studies).
An updated search was done in November 2007 which yielded an additional 53 reports of studies. One RCT including five patients with SDA was found, but it had investigated the effectiveness of an educational program on the predictors of noncompliance to occlusion therapy (Loudon 2006). Five additional RCTs investigated occlusion therapy (Hertle 2007; Repka 2007; Stankovic 2007; Stewart 2007; Wallace 2006) but these included only strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia, or both. Thus, the search did not identify any new trials which met the inclusion criteria for the review.
The latest search was conducted in October 2013, which identified 954 additional titles and abstracts and 256 records from trial registers (Figure 1). After review of the records, we assessed 930 titles and abstracts and all trial register records as 'definitely exclude, and 24 as unsure. Five of the 24 references that were assessed as unsure were editorials or commentories that did not report original data and were excluded. We retrieved the remaining 19 full-text articles and further examined their eligibility. We excluded all 19 citations from the review and the reasons for excluding these citations are described in the table Characteristics of excluded studies.
|Figure 1. Results from searching for studies for inclusion in the review.
Risk of bias in included studies
We found no randomized or quasi-randomized trials eligible for inclusion in the review.
Effects of interventions
None of the studies identified in our searches were eligible for inclusion, highlighting a significant gap in existing evidence for the treatment of stimulus deprivation amblyopia (SDA).
We did not find any RCT that had evaluated the effects of occlusion or any other treatment for SDA, highlighting a gap in the evidence and the need for rigorous studies to address this question. Because SDA is generally accepted to be more severe and resistant to treatment compared with amblyopia due to other causes, participants with SDA have been excluded from existing RCTs (Kanski 1994; Taylor 1997).
Because of co-existing pathology, the young age of afflicted patients, and limitations of clinical tests, it is difficult to quantify the degree of visual deficit, determine how much of it is attributable to amblyopia, and assess responses to treatment. Success with treatment for SDA is also affected by compliance and the stress for the parents and the child associated with using occlusion therapy.
Existing evidence on the effects of interventions for SDA is derived largely from non-randomized studies of children with SDA caused by unilateral congenital cataract. Although current practice favors aggressive patching in early life, its effectiveness is supported only by a few case-series (Birch 1988; Drummond 1989; Lundvall 2002; Mayer 1989; Robb 1987). Findings from these studies indicate wide variability in the patching regimen employed and the proportion of children who responded to treatment. Less intense occlusion regimens, while being easier to execute, have been advocated because they promote more binocular interaction and stereoacuity. Some of the less intensive occlusion regimens examined in previous studies include occlusion for one hour per day per month of age for the first six months of life (Brown 1999), and patching for six hours and 12 hours a day (Stewart 2007).
Occlusion regimens and treatment outcomes
Current practice generally favors aggressive patching for SDA in early life based on the knowledge that the visual system is much more sensitive to change at this age. Mayer 1989 reported a negative correlation between the number of hours patched and the inter-ocular difference in acuity when treating SDA due to congenital cataract. In non-randomized studies of SDA, the definition of intensive or aggressive patching varied from a minimum of six hours per day to as much as 100% of waking hours. The definition of success also varied across the different studies. Birch 1988 reported that 53% achieved a visual acuity of 20/80 (6/24) or better. Lundvall 2002 found that 20% attained visual acuity of 0.1 (6/7.5) or better, Drummond 1989 reported that 43% achieved better than 20/50 (6/9), and Robb 1987 found 46% achieved visual acuity of at least 20/70 (6/18). This brief summary of some previous studies highlights the different ways in which results can be categorized. These and other dissimilarities in study methodologies make it impossible to meaningfully compare results among these studies. Less intense occlusion regimens are easier to execute and have been advocated because they are expected to promote more binocular interaction and stereoacuity. One study (Brown 1999) reported good visual and binocular results with occlusion of one hour per day per month of age for the first six months of life in children with congenital cataract. Nevertheless, most studies of less intense occlusion regimes have been conducted in children with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia, or both, and results are probably not generalizable to children with SDA.
As with other types of amblyopia, treatment for SDA appears to rely on good compliance in order to achieve a satisfactory outcome. Studies on refractive and strabismic amblyopia have used objective methods to monitor how long occlusion is actually worn (Awan 2005; Loudon 2002; Stewart 2005). These show that the prescribed amount of occlusion is not always achieved. Unfortunately, compliance in treating SDA is often difficult to achieve due to the severity of the visual acuity deficit. While it is not surprising that a treatment that visually compromises a child by means of an adhesive patch is not easy to deliver, justification of adoption or rejection of a treatment must carefully consider evidence of harm alongside evidence of benefit. In a culture where justifying an intervention is increasingly required, the current absence of clear evidence of effectiveness in this area is concerning.
Authors' conclusions
Implications for practice
It is not possible to draw reliable conclusions from the data available from non-randomized studies since the study designs either do not compare treatment strategies or are subject to significant bias in the selection of participants for particular treatments. In addition, the variation between studies in treatment delivery and outcome measurement prevents any meaningful comparison or combination of results.
The general trend in practice, based on the proportion of papers we found reporting this treatment, favors an intensive occlusion therapy regimen to attain better visual outcomes. It is important to acknowledge that we did not systematically search for these papers and therefore they may represent a biased sample. It is currently difficult to objectively advise parents or formulate evidence-based guidelines for the management of SDA. Realistic expectations remain uncertain from the treatment for SDA and optimization of treatment regimens.
Implications for research
There is a clear and pressing need for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of interventions for SDA. Occlusion therapy is usually considered the mainstay of treatment for SDA. Some may argue that withholding it from children in a RCT may be unethical. But use of occlusion therapy is not supported by evidence from RCTs, and results in significant stress for both the children and their parents. Because there is a lack of evidence about whether the treatment is effective and safe, it should be ethical to randomize children to no occlusion therapy or an alternative treatment in a trial. It is important to acknowledge that there are practical challenges to setting up a randomized trial for SDA; due to the low numbers, a multicenter study would be required. In addition, many years of follow-up, for example to age seven, would be required to determine long term, post-treatment visual acuity outcomes. Nevertheless, such a study would provide extremely valuable evidence for the management of this condition.
Unsuccessful treatment ultimately results in the same outcome as no treatment, that is, reduced sight in one eye and loss of stereopsis. Exposure to treatment also carries the potential for harm. Thus, future studies on treatment for SDA should report treatment effect and accurately measure any potential physical, emotional or psychological harm.
The following are specific questions that need to be addressed in prospective randomized studies (with appropriate stratification to study any subgroup analyses).
The Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group (CEVG) devised the search strategies for this review and carried out the electronic searches.
We thank Richard Harrad, Catey Bunce, Sue Elliott and Suzanne Brodney-Folse for their peer review comments throughout the review process. We are also grateful to Milan Mathew for his guidance during the protocol stage and to the CEVG US Project during updates. In addition, we thank Ruthy Acosta for her assistance with screening articles written in Spanish, Qing Pan for her assistance with screening articles written in Chinese, and Kinnar Merchant for assistance with screening articles written in Russian.
Richard Wormald (Co-ordinating Editor for CEVG) acknowledges financial support for his CEVG research sessions from the Department of Health through the award made by the National Institute for Health Research to Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology for a Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Health.
Data and analyses
This review has no analyses.
Appendix 1. CENTRAL search strategy
#1 MeSH descriptor: [Amblyopia] explode all trees
#2 amblyop* or anopsi* or lazy eye*
#3 MeSH descriptor: [Pupil Disorders] explode all trees
#4 MeSH descriptor: [Cataract] explode all trees
#5 cataract* or pseudoaphakia*
#6 MeSH descriptor: [Blepharoptosis] explode all trees
#7 blepharoptos* or ptosis or ptoses
#8 MeSH descriptor: [Vitreous Hemorrhage] explode all trees
#9 (haemorrhage* or hemorrhage*) near (vitreous)
#10 MeSH descriptor: [Hemangioma, Capillary] explode all trees
#11 (hemangioma* or haemangioma*) near (capillary)
#12 MeSH descriptor: [Aphakia] explode all trees
#13 aphaki*
#14 (stimul* or vision or visual or optical) near (deprivat*)
#15 (scar* or opac* or degenerat*) near (cornea*)
#16 media next opacit*
#17 (#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16)
#18 MeSH descriptor: [Sensory Deprivation] explode all trees
#19 patch* or shield*
#20 (stimul* or penalis*) near (optical*)
#21 (stimul* or penalis*) near (vis*)
#22 (therap* or treat* or lens* or complete* or partial*) near (occlus*)
#23 (therap* or treat* or lens* or complete* or partial*) near (pleoptic*)
#24 (#18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23)
#25 (#17 and #24)
Appendix 2. MEDLINE (OvidSP) search strategy
1. Randomized Controlled Trial.pt.
2. Controlled Clinical Trial.pt.
3. (randomized or randomised).ab,ti.
4. placebo.ab,ti.
5. drug therapy.fs.
6. randomly.ab,ti.
7. trial.ab,ti.
8. groups.ab,ti.
9. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8
10. exp animals/ not humans.sh.
11. 9 not 10
12. exp amblyopia/
13. (amblyop$ or anopsi$ or lazy eye$).tw.
14. exp pupil disorders/
15. exp cataract/
16. (cataract$ or pseudoaphakia$).tw.
17. exp blepharoptosis/
18. (blepharoptos$ or ptosis or ptoses).tw.
19. exp vitreous hemorrhage/
20. ((haemorrhage$ or hemorrhage$) adj3 vitreous).tw.
21. exp hemangioma,capillary/
22. ((hemangioma$ or haemangioma$) adj3 capillary).tw.
23. exp aphakia/
24. aphaki$.tw.
25. ((stimul$ or vision or visual or optical) adj3 deprivat$).tw.
26. ((scar$ or opac$ or degenerat$) adj3 cornea$).tw.
27. (media adj2 opacit$).tw.
28. or/12-27
29. exp sensory deprivation/
30. (patch$ or shield$).tw.
31. ((stimul$ or penalis$) adj3 optical$).tw.
32. ((stimul$ or penalis$) adj3 vis$).tw.
33. ((therap$ or treat$ or lens$ or complete$ or partial$) adj3 occlus$).tw.
34. ((therap$ or treat$ or lens$ or complete$ or partial$) adj3 pleoptic$).tw.
35. or/29-34
36. 28 and 35
37. 11 and 36
The search filter for trials at the beginning of the MEDLINE strategy is based on the published paper by Glanville (Glanville 2006).
Appendix 3. EMBASE.com search strategy
#1 'randomized controlled trial'/exp
#2 'randomization'/exp
#3 'double blind procedure'/exp
#4 'single blind procedure'/exp
#5 random*:ab,ti
#7 'animal'/exp OR 'animal experiment'/exp
#8 'human'/exp
#12 'clinical trial'/exp
#13 (clin* NEAR/3 trial*):ab,ti
#14 ((singl* OR doubl* OR trebl* OR tripl*) NEAR/3 (blind* OR mask*)):ab,ti
#15 'placebo'/exp
#16 placebo*:ab,ti
#17 random*:ab,ti
#18 'experimental design'/exp
#19 'crossover procedure'/exp
#20 'control group'/exp
#21 'latin square design'/exp
#25 'comparative study'/exp
#26 'evaluation'/exp
#27 'prospective study'/exp
#28 control*:ab,ti OR prospectiv*:ab,ti OR volunteer*:ab,ti
#33 amblyopia'/exp
#34 amblyop*:ab,ti OR anopsi*:ab,ti OR (lazy NEAR/1 eye*):ab,ti
#35 'pupil disease'/exp
#36 'cataract'/exp
#37 cataract*:ab,ti OR pseudoaphakia*:ab,ti
#38 'ptosis'/exp
#39 blepharoptos*:ab,ti OR ptosis:ab,ti OR ptoses:ab,ti
#40 'vitreous hemorrhage'/exp
#41 ((haemorrhage* OR hemorrhage*) NEAR/3 vitreous):ab,ti
#42 'capillary hemangioma'/exp
#43 ((hemangioma* OR haemangioma*) NEAR/3 capillary):ab,ti
#44 'aphakia'/exp
#45 aphaki*:ab,ti
#46 ((stimul* OR vision OR visual OR optical) NEAR/3 deprivat*):ab,ti
#47 ((scar* OR opac* OR degenerat*) NEAR/3 cornea*):ab,ti
#48 (media NEAR/2 opacit*):ab,ti
#50 'sensory deprivation'/exp
#51 'visual deprivation'/exp
#52 patch*:ab,ti OR shield*:ab,ti
#53 ((stimul* OR penalis*) NEAR/3 optical*):ab,ti
#54 ((stimul* OR penalis*) NEAR/3 vis*):ab,ti
#55 ((therap* OR treat* OR lens* OR complete* OR partial*) NEAR/3 occlus*):ab,ti
#56 ((therap* OR treat* OR lens* OR complete* OR partial*) NEAR/3 pleoptic*):ab,ti
Appendix 4. LILACS search terms
(Amblyopia OR Ambliopia OR Lazy Eye AND MH:C10.228.140.055$ OR MH:C10.597.751.941.073$ OR MH:C11.966.073$ OR MH:C23.888.592.763.941.073$ OR "Pupil Disorders" OR "Trastornos de la Pupila" OR "Distúrbios Pupilares" OR MH:C10.597.690$ OR MH:C11.710$ OR MH:C23.888.592.708$ OR Cataract$ OR Catarata$ OR Pseudoaphakia$ OR MH:C11.510.245$ OR Blepharoptos$ OR Blefaroptos$ OR MH:C11.338.204$ OR Ptosis OR Ptoses OR "Vitreous Hemorrhage" OR "Hemorragia Vítrea" OR MH:C11.290.960$ OR MH:C23.550.414.756.887$ OR (Hemangioma AND (Capillary OR Capilar)) OR MH:C04.557.645.375.380$ OR Aphakia OR Afaquia OR Afacia OR MH:C11.510.103$ OR ((stimul$ OR vision OR visual OR optical) AND (deprivat$)) OR ((scar$ OR opac$ OR degenerate$) AND (cornea$)) OR (media AND opacity$)) AND ("Sensory Deprivation" OR "Privación Sensorial" OR "Privação Sensorial" OR MH:F02.463.593.696$ OR Patch* OR Shield* OR ((stimul$ OR penalis$) AND (optical$)) OR ((stimul$ OR penalis$) AND (vis$)) OR ((therap$ OR treat$ OR lens$ OR complete$ OR partial$) AND (occlus$)) OR ((therap$ OR treat$ OR lens$ OR complete$ OR partial$) AND (pleoptic$)))
Appendix 5. PubMed search terms
#1 ((randomized controlled trial[pt]) OR (controlled clinical trial[pt]) OR (randomised[tiab] OR randomized[tiab]) OR (placebo[tiab]) OR (drug therapy[sh]) OR (randomly[tiab]) OR (trial[tiab]) OR (groups[tiab])) NOT (animals[mh] NOT humans[mh])
#2 (amblyop*[tiab] OR anopsi*[tiab] OR lazy eye*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#3 (cataract*[tiab] OR pseudoaphakia*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#4 (blepharoptos*[tiab] OR ptosis[tiab] OR ptoses[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#5 ((haemorrhage*[tiab] OR hemorrhage*[tiab]) AND vitreous[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#6 ((hemangioma*[tiab] OR haemangioma*[tiab]) AND capillary[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#7 aphaki*[tiab] NOT Medline[sb]
#8 ((stimulu*[tiab] OR stimulat*[tiab] OR stimuli*[tiab] OR stimulant*[tiab] OR vision[tiab] OR visual[tiab] OR optical[tiab]) AND deprivat*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#9 ((scar*[tiab] OR opac*[tiab] OR degenerat*[tiab]) AND cornea*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#10 (media[tiab] AND opacit*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#12 (patch*[tiab] OR shield*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#13 ((stimulu*[tiab] OR stimulat*[tiab] OR stimuli*[tiab] OR stimulant*[tiab] OR penalis*[tiab]) AND optical*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#14 ((stimulu*[tiab] OR stimulat*[tiab] OR stimuli*[tiab] OR stimulant*[tiab] OR penalis*[tiab]) AND vision*[tiab] OR visual*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#15 ((therapy[tiab] OR therapie*[tiab] OR therapeut*[tiab] OR treat[tiab] OR treated[tiab] OR treatment*[tiab] OR lens*[tiab] OR complete*[tiab] OR partial*[tiab]) AND occlus*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
#16 ((therapy[tiab] OR therapie*[tiab] OR therapeut*[tiab] OR treat[tiab] OR treated[tiab] OR treatment*[tiab] OR lens*[tiab] OR complete*[tiab] OR partial*[tiab]) AND pleoptic*[tiab]) NOT Medline[sb]
Appendix 6. metaRegister of Controlled Trials search strategy
Appendix 7. ClinicalTrials.gov search strategy
Appendix 8. ICTRP search strategy
What's new
Last assessed as up-to-date: 28 October 2013.
Protocol first published: Issue 1, 2005
Review first published: Issue 3, 2006
Contributions of authors
Conceiving the review: AA
Designing the review: AA
Co-ordinating the review: AA, SSV
Data collection for the review
- Designing electronic search strategies: CEVG
- Undertaking searches: CEVG
- Screening search results: AA, CP, SSV
- Organizing retrieval of papers: AA, CP, SSV
- Screening retrieved papers against inclusion criteria: AA, CP, SSV, SH
- Appraising quality of papers: not applicable
- Extracting data from papers: not applicable
- Writing to authors of papers for additional information: CEVG
- Providing additional data about papers: not applicable
- Obtaining and screening data on unpublished studies: CEVG
Data management for the review
- Entering data into RevMan: not applicable
- Analysis of data: not applicable
Interpretation of data
- Providing a methodological perspective: SSV, SH
- Providing a clinical perspective: AA, CP, SH
- Providing a policy perspective: AA, CP, SH
- Providing a consumer perspective: AA, CP, SH
Writing the review: AA, SSV. CP, SH
Providing general advice on the review: AA, CP, SH, SSV
Securing funding for the review: not applicable
Performing previous work that was the foundation of the current study: AA, CP, SH
Declarations of interest
None known
Sources of support
Internal sources
- Michigan State University, Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, USA.
- Brown University, USA.
- Johns Hopkins University, USA.
External sources
- Grant 1 U01 EY020522-01, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.
- Sightsavers International, UK.
- Christian Blind Mission, Germany.
Differences between protocol and review
For the 2014 update, we changed the primary outcome time point from six months to 12 months to be consistent with other Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group reviews on amblyopia.
Index terms
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
*Occlusive Dressings; Amblyopia [etiology; *therapy]; Blepharoptosis [complications]; Cataract [complications]; Treatment Outcome
MeSH check words
Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant


text:
Records any sequence of images you draw. Plays it back. Use it to ask questions in noisy places, or just to express yourself with more color.
v1.1 stack your images on top of each other, choose line and background color. Hit menu to see the options.
Ad-free version available.
Equation writer.
One use for this app is to write equations on the train or to store equations to show to your colleagues at a conference. If you think of an equation and just have to write it down you should use this app. It combines the freedom of a 2D grid system with the accuracy of using characters and symbols.
Also see the equations as LaTeX or Unicode or as plain text to copy and paste.
Take screenshots of the equations you make and save it to your gallery.
Equation format mode to easily format equations including fractions, integrals and square roots.
Equation notepad is what's known as an equation editor or formula editor.
SignalCheck Pro
Special thanks to S4GRU for their tremendous support of SignalCheck from the beginning! Visit http://www.S4GRU.com for up-to-the-minute information and discussions about Sprint's Network Vision strategy, as well as talk about devices and other cellular networks. There is a SignalCheck discussion thread too!
SignalCheck will display LTE Cell ID information on most devices running Android 4.2 or higher, and some HTC devices on earlier Android versions. SignalCheck was one of the first (if not THE first) Android apps to provide this information to users. LTE band information is available for some providers, and frequencies are displayed on some HTC devices.
A configurable SignalCheck widget can be added to your home screen, showing your realtime connection type and signal strengths.
SignalCheck also displays the current connection type along with the carrier name for each connection, even while roaming. Sprint users are instantly able to see if they are on the new 800 or 2500 MHz (Spark) networks, part of Network Vision!
One of the best features of SignalCheck are the notification icon(s). A user-customizable icon shows your data connection strength in the notification area at the top of the screen, and more details can be seen in the pulldown menu. Your signal strength is always at the top of the screen along with your other icons.. no need to open the app to check your connections. The icons are customizable, showing signal bars, connection type, digital signal strength in dBm, or connection type with signal strength. A secondary icon can be enabled to always display the 1xRTT signal for users who wish to compare their signal strengths realtime. All of this is customizable from within the app! Users can configure this to automatically start when their device boots up if they choose to.
SignalCheck can also notify the user with optional audio and/or vibrating alerts when a 4G LTE connection is discovered. This is handy for users traveling in new cities, or if your carrier's network is being upgraded -- know immediately when you have a high-speed connection! Sprint users can also enable alerts to notify them when they connect to 800 SMR.
Curious as to which tower you are connected to? SignalCheck will not only show you the ID, but also the street address of the 1X tower or sector on most CDMA networks! Clicking on the address will automatically show the location through your mapping app. Users can also add custom "Site Notes" for each site they connect to.
SignalCheck has an option to quickly reset your data connections from within the app (root required on Android 4.2+). Another option allows users to start checking their signals as soon as their device boots, enabling the notification icon(s) immediately.
SignalCheck provides easy access to advanced Android screens such as Data, Debug, Engineering, EPST, and Field Trial, along with Battery Info, Field Trial, Mobile Networks, and Wi-Fi info. These screens are already available on most Android devices, but are only accessible by special dialer codes.
SignalCheck is a great compliment to the Sensorly app, allowing you to check your signal strengths and map them out so other users can see the data as well.
This app has also been referred to as Signal Check, Signal Check LTE, LTE Signal Check, and LTE Checker, among other things. Users checking their signals on the Sprint network will see the most benefit from this app as their Network Vision nationwide upgrade rolls out, but Boost, Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and international users can also check their signals and see detailed information about their connections.
Network Signal Info
Two widgets, one for mobile- and one for WiFi-signalstrength.
(If you can't find widgets, please copy the app to phone memory)
I have put special value on the visualization of the WiFi and mobile signal strength. They are normally only divided in weakly, good and excellent. Graphically in the form of mostly "only" three to five bars on the Mobile Radio and three to five "waves" by a WiFi connection.
In my app I differentiate the signal strength in total 14 bars. This will give you a quick visualized and detailed information about how good the signal strength is really.
In addition to the much more sophisticated graphical representation of the signal strength you will see some more interesting information.
In "Mobile Signal":
Network operators, Sim operator, phone type, network type, network strength in dbm and ASU, data state, data activity, country code of the mobile phone, device ID, IP address, roaming state.
In "WiFi signal":
WiFi-Name (SSID), BSSID, MAC address, maximum WiFi speed, IP address, external IP address, net capability, net channel, subnet mask, Gateway IP address, DHCP server address, DNS1 and DNS2 address.
If you like the app, please give me a positive rating in the market.
The Pro version (compared to the free version) has no ads, a NEW cell tower database with more than 22 million entries, a NEW MOBILE SIGNAL TRACKER function that generates a KML file for use with Google Earth, more widgets, a MOBILE SIGNAL LOST SERVICE and much more.
4G map & speedtest
With Sensorly you get :
·up-to-date coverage maps and speedtest maps for 4G, LTE, 3G, 2G and Wifi networks worldwide. 500 mobile networks have been mapped by our users, including Sprint, T-Mobile, Verizon, AT&T, EE, O2, and many others. Maps update daily and usually within the hour
·A speedtest tool: instantly get to know your data transmission speed for 4G, Wifi, LTE or 2G/3G networks. You can even share your results on Facebook, Twitter, Google + or Pinterest!
·The ability to map your neighborhood: use your daily trips to complete your carrier's coverage map. Check if there is 4G or LTE or 3G in your area!
·The amount of time you have spent on 4G, 3G, LTE or Wifi during the day : is your more-expensive 4G plan really worth it ?
·Signal and speedtest comparison info to help you compare carriers: who has got the best coverage for you? Make your choice among all networks available around you: AT&T, Sprint, Verizon, T-Mobile. Check if you'll access a 3G network, a 4G network or LTE
Sensorly is a free crowdsourced service: the more you use the app, the more precise and complete a coverage map and speedtest map get. So join us and get real info on your coverage and speed!
Join us on social networks:
Google + : http://plus.google.com/102681005884239785615/about
Twitter : http://twitter.com/sensorly
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/sensorly
Pinterest : http://www.pinterest.com/sensorly/
Signal Finder
Current network status may be displaying in the customizable widget.
Tags: GSM, 3G, CDMA, EVDO, signal detection, cell tower location, cellular network, cell location, cell id, cell coverage statistics, cell coverage map, network widget
Cell Phone Coverage Map
Use the app to test network call performance and data speeds in the places that matter most to you. Your test results are then combined with millions of results from other users to offer the most up-to-date view of network performance. Via the interactive map, you can compare network data speeds, call performance, and network technology types from a national perspective down to the neighborhood level.
• Test your network's call performance and data speeds.
• Compare network performance through our interactive maps showing call performance, maximum data speeds, and best technology – from LTE to 2G.
• See the number of tests completed by location and operator.
• Choose whether you want to do a single test or test continually.
• Tell us about dropped calls, poor signal strength, or slow data issues and comment on your experience.
• 100% FREE. No annoying advertisements or in-app purchases.
If you like the app:
• Please rate it and leave your comments in the Play Store
• Like us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/rootmetrics
• Follow us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/rootmetrics
Download the app, test your network, and help spread the word. Together, we're making mobile performance better.
LiferayMob : Liferay in Mobile
Basic Features:
Allow users to connect with a Liferay 6.1 server by providing credentials.
Provides offline view, allows users to view data when there is no network coverage, "Favourite" feature provides this.
- View Blogs and save them in mobile.
- View Agenda and set it as remainder in mobile.
- View journal article of user.
- Publish new blog
- Profile: Change password
- Configurable number of blogs/agenda/articles in listing
It uses Liferay 6.1 JSONWS services to fetch data from Liferay portal.
Signal Monitor
Sometimes when your device re-establishes its connection it will not automatically detect 3G/4G networks. Signal Monitor quickly solves this problem by giving you the option to automatically reset your connection once it is re-established. This will restore 3G/4G immediately and you'll be back in business!
The logging feature allows you to track when your device went in and out of service over time.
There is also a special widget included in the app that allows you to reset your device's connection with one touch. To install it, long press on your home screen, choose Widgets, and choose 'Signal Monitor - Reset'
NOTE: This app will not work on Android 4.2 and above as Google has made some changes to the operating system. The most notable change for Signal Monitor is that they no longer allow 3rd party apps to manipulate 'airplane mode'.
WIFI Signal Strength
1. A full screen WiFi Signal Strength Meter
2. Home screen widgets
3. Interference Monitor from Neighboring channels.
Did you know that the WiFi signal strength increases by a million times (60dB) from low strength to full strength ? The 4 bar default Android WiFi icon is just not good enough to capture this dynamic range.
Did you also know that there are very few WiFi channels (3 to 4) available and the likelihood of a neighboring WiFi router interfering with your connection is very high?
Free Features:-
- Full screen graphical Signal Strength Meter
- Widgets with color schemes
- WiFi Channel Neighborhood to check the interference in connection
- Detailed WiFi data
Pro Features(Inapp Purchase):-
- Ad Free
- Additional Widget Color Schemes
- WiFi Meter and Channel Monitor Auto Update
1. The Minimal and Graphic widgets have been designed with latest design guidelines and better battery management. The widget updates on tapping or on network connectivity change. These widgets are only available on Android Jellybean 4.1 and higher.
2. If the widget is not available in the list of widgets on first install open the list of widgets and change the orientation of the device. This will refresh the widgets list. Also do not move app to Sdcard.
3. Permissions - The app requires internet permissions for showing the Google ads.
4.The Pro and Free apps(with INAPP unlock) are seperate apps and billed seperately by Google. The Pro App has been unpublished. More on this is in the FAQs on my website.
WiFi Automatic (WiFi Auto-Off)
It is designed to be used with WiFi-only* tablets - these devices normally don't require a constant internet connection if you're not using them and turning WiFi off can save a lot of battery power.
You can also specify to automatically turn on WiFi again, if you turn on your device. Also, the app can regularly scan for available networks to connect to and re-disable WiFi if no suitable network is found. This way, you are always connected to your WiFi network when using the device.
This app has a similiar effect like setting the "WiFi sleep policy" in Android to "always", except that you can now exactly define the timeout between turning the screen off and actually turning off WiFi.
* if your device has a cell radio, it might switch to 2G/3G/4G which may consume more power then staying on WiFi
The app is open source: https://github.com/j4velin/WiFi-Automatic
Easy NFC Writer
With Easy NFC Writer, you can encode an NFC Tag with a web address, a V-Card contact, or simple text.
The application is completely free and without advertising.
To write NFC tags, simply fill out the required fields and tap the Tag with your device.
On http://www.shopnfc.it/ you can buy NFC Tag of different types, such as labels, wristbands, smartcards.
To write a large amount of NFC tags, importing data from an Excel spreadsheet, we recommend the Android app NFC Bulk Writer (http://j.mp/NFC-Bulk-Writer).
NFC NDEF Writer
This application will write your value to an NFC tag and will format the data to be NDEF compatible.
Use the optional mimetype to ensure that a single/specific application will be launched when the tag is read.
To use the mimetype value in the reading application make sure to include the mimetype element in the reading application's manifest file. (see images for example)
The mimetype you use when writing the tag should be used as the value in the manifest file of the application reading the NFC tags.
Sinhala Unicode
It is very easy and simple to use.All you have to do is type in your text with English keyboard, meantime app transliterates this text in to Sinhala for you Offline. After you type your post, status, email in Sinhala you could share it with your friends within app it self.
Application Features include,
* Transliterates text into Sinhala
* Easy typing like sinhala sms
* Share on Facebook & Facebook Messenger
* Post to Twitter
* Send via Email, Bluetooth etc...
* Message a friend if device supports
* Supports both android phones and tabs.
* Supports both landscape and portrait moods.
NOTE: Kindly consider that some combinations of sinhala phrases will not render properly on Android Devices.
But it will be shown correctly on web browsers, facebook app etc after you complete your post.
Currency Writer
Available Languages:
* Portuguese
* English
* Spanish
* French
Thanks to the beta testers:
Daniel Meireles
Flávio Mendes
Sinhala Writer
NFC Writer by Tagstand
You can program:
- web addresses
- foursquare venues
- address book contacts
- phone numbers
- emails
- text
We will add different data types based on feedback.
This application supports NFC Forum Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 and Type 4 Tags as well as third party NFC Enabled tags like the MIFARE Classic, DESFire, Ultralight and Ultralight C.
The app is configured to allow you to write multiple tags without leaving the write screen.
Programmed tags will work with *any* device that has NFC. Everyone who scans the tag will see the same content.
You can buy tags from within the app.
The last 25 recently written tags are displayed on the homepage for easy access.
More from developer
OpenSignal WiFi map, speedtest
✓ Signal compass points you in the direction your signal is coming from, just walk towards it!
✓ WiFi map allows you to easily locate nearby public networks.
✓ Coverage maps allow you see the best/worst places for signal.
✓ Speedtest feature allows you to see the true speed of your connection (download, upload & latency)
✓ NetworkRank shows which carrier is best in your area.
✓ See local cell towers.
✓ Free and ad-free
You can also:
✓ Help improve our crowdsourced and impartial maps by contributing data.
✓ Share your findings and compare your connection with other users.
✓ View your history of signal readings.
✓ test upload, download and latency
✓ Save your data to SD card.
✓ Signal booster for compatible phones
SMS Permission required to count the number of SMS sent to track your usage, SMS are never read (use a packet sniffer to check!)
Phone settings permission allows network reset on certain Android versions
Based on our community-generated data we are able to help keep you better connected by giving you a practical solution to the problems of slow mobile internet and dropped calls. Simply follow our signal compass to walk towards better phone signal or see our in-app coverage maps to work out which carrier is best for where you are, useful if you're thinking about changing. Our wifi maps help you find local public-access wireless networks (WAPs).
The Stats tab helps you to keep track of your usage, so there's no danger of you going over your plan limit on data, voice or text. (NB – this is why the app needs permission to access contacts and SMS, these are the permissions needed to count calls and texts, messages are never accessed or read!).
Maps not updated in real-time. Don't worry though, we log the information you share with us to improve our coverage maps and signal information. We're working hard to make sure the data you contribute to the project is available to everyone as quickly as possible.
- Not all towers and wireless routers are in our database - we're working on it!
- Verizon & Sprint (CDMA) users will see only one connected tower at a time
- Moving in the direction of your cell tower (the signal compass) will not always improve reception due to interference effects/local geography.
Advanced notes:
- For GSM, cell tower are identified via cell id and location area code (CID and LAC)
- For CDMA cell towers are identified via Network ID, Base sub-station ID and system ID (NID, BSSID and SID).
If you read to here (!) you should really join the OpenSignal beta to help us improve the app:
Formerly: opensignalmaps
✓ Readout for all the sensors on your device (think Tricorder - but real!)
✓ Widgets for temperature, magnetic, light, humidity and pressure sensors (if you have them)
✓ Save all data to CSV - play with it however you like
✓ Map of readings of other users and of your own, see averages within each map window, click on icons to see full readout
✓ Manual reports
✓ Tons of graphs (for geeks like us :))
✓ Contribute to our maps (you can turn off sharing in settings)
✓ Share data to help us improve the weather forecast
✓ Looks great on tablets
Turn your device into a thermometer, barometer, lightmeter and hygrometer - depending on which sensors your device has - with this app your phone is a mobile science kit!
What if my phone doesn't have many sensors?
We've teamed up with Hex3.co to provide support for their StormTag and StormTag+. These bring pressure, temperature, humidity & UV sensors into a package that attaches to your keyring, never needs charging and sends data via Bluetooth LE. Get one now - from $20 on Kickstarter :) http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/jonatherton/stormtag-a-bluetooth-weather-station-on-your-keyri
Get the beta:
By using WeatherSignal you become part of the world's most ambitious weather crowdsourcing project – helping to record weather patterns on a more localised level than ever before. We are working with numerous meteorological institutions, including the Univ. of Washington, Birmingham Univ. and the UK Met Office. Your readings help us improve weather forecasting for everyone!
Featured in the New Scientist and Scientific American! http://bit.ly/1aFY3Ls
*Thermometer readings are experimental!*
*** This app is experimental! Individual TEMPERATURE readings may be incorrect, but when averaged over many users we get reliable information for our community powered maps. ***
The app works best on the Galaxy S4 since it has the most sensors. Get a StormTag to add sensors to your phone.
The WeatherSignal app can measure:
✓ Pressure (certain devices only)
✓ Temperature (see note)
✓ Light Intensity
✓ Humidity (Galaxy S4 only)
✓ Magnetic Flux
✓ Acceleration (turn on in application settings)
This app features Google's Activity Recognition: monitor when you're walking, in vehicle, on a bicycle. Save the results to CSV and perform your own analysis/create maps, for example for quantified self.
We've come up with an algorithm that translates battery temperature into ambient temperature – making your phone a thermometer. For each user this is approximate but there is a very strong correlation between battery and ambient temperature when spread over a crowd of users. If you are using a cell phone without an external thermometer then the temperature reading you'll see is a battery temperature reading converted through our algorithm. Often the algorithm will get it wrong, but we've shown that with appropriate averaging and filtering, these readings correlate extremely well with external ambient air temperature.
The Galaxy S4, which has an ambient air temperature thermometer, may produce incorrect readings if the phone is hot due to use.
Devices that contain barometers include:
Galaxy Nexus
Galaxy S3, S4, Note (1,2,3)
Nexus 4
Nexus 10
Xiaomi MI-2
Units available:
millibars/hPa inches of mercury aka Hg or inches H
centigrade/celsius and Fahrenheit
The app should be downloaded onto devices that will be used in the disaster-afflicted areas, and can be used by anyone – local communities, volunteers and professionals. Data collected from every user will be aggregated to build a real time map of coverage.
A detailed explanation of how to use the app and maximise data collection while minimising battery and data usage is available on the CrisisSignal Forum at http://opensignal.com/blog/forums/forum/crisissignal/. The OpenSignal team will also post links to the maps generated from CrisisSignal data on the forum, and will be on hand to answer questions users might have.
Please note, the app will only collect information on the cellular network if the device has an activated sim card. Data on Wi-Fi connection can still be collected if the device does not have a sim card. The app also has a number of settings for collecting data. The instructions on the forum explain the different settings and give tips on how to set your own.
CrisisSignal has been used in several emergency response situations, such as after Hurricane Sandy in New York in 2012 in collaboration with the US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and following typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in 2013. It is also being rolled out in West Africa to monitor coverage in ebola afflicted countries in collaboration with Nethope, UNMEER and the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation. Further details are available on the CrisisSignal forum.
CrisisSignal comes with no guarantees and has been developed free of charge. Thank you for helping!
For feature requests, sharing ideas on how to use the app and to test the latest version, join our community: http://opnsg.nl/crisissignal-beta-community
The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Full featured e-text:
- Shake for random poem
- Save favorites
- Email poems.
- Hit phone's search key to find text
-Explanatory footnotes and introduction.
There was an Old Man with a beard,
Who said, "It is just as I feared! --
Two Owls and a Hen, four Larks and a Wren,
Have all built their nests in my beard.
- Shake for random
- Save favourites
- Publish to your facebook
- Email friends
Unadulterated nonsensical genius.
Share Shakespeare Sonnets
Carry Shakespeare's 154 Sonnets wherever you go. Read poems of time, change, love and sorrow.
- browse chronologically
- by first line
- search (press phone's search button)
- email friends
- star favorites
- adj. font-size
Shakespeare Sonnets free
- browse chronologically
- by first line
- search (press phone's search button)
- email to your friends
- star your favorites to find them quickly
- adj. font-size
888 Great Poems - free
Keep the company of Shakespeare, Wordsworth, Keats, Donne, Eliot and many more.
Read of love, lust, death: the greatest poetry in your pocket.
The free version has ads, but the poems are just as great.
v4.1: Shorter loading time, Facebook sharing fixed: post poems to your wall!
Limericks lite
There was an Old Man with a beard,
Who said, "It is just as I feared! --
Two Owls and a Hen, four Larks and a Wren,
Have all built their nests in my beard.
- Shake for random
- Save favourites
- Publish to your facebook
- Email friends
Unadulterated nonsensical genius.
Tags for SEO: Ireland, St Patrick, leprechaun, Dublin, an old man at a station made a promiscuous oration, I am an old man from Thames Ditton and I would like to know what happens to me, Edward Lear = more funny than King Lear, where the heck is Truro?
The Rubaiyat of Khayyam - free
Functions include:
- Shake for random poem
- Email poems.
- Hit phone's search key to find text
- Explanatory footnotes and introduction.
Get the paid version to save favorites.
Colour Bam!
What's that color called?
Find out with the ultimate color picker.
- Tag using camera, or from photo gallery
- Closest matching color name
- Save a single color as phone wallpaper
- Email color
- Save favorites and notes
Great for art lovers, DIY, or co-ordindating clothes.
Colour Bam! donate
Find out with the ultimate color picker.
Collect colors as you see them.
- Tag using camera, or from photo gallery
- Closest matching color name
- Save a single color as phone wallpaper
- Email color
- Save favorites and notes
Great for art lovers, DIY, or coordinating clothes.
888 Great Poems
Fully featured poetry reader in a simple, elegant format. Save favorites, email poems, search by author, first-line or title.
Carry the greatest poetry in your pocket.
V5.2: Bug fix to author search


text:
Blue Coat Systems has announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by funds advised by Bain Capital, one of the world's foremost private investment firms. 193 more words
Tags » BAIN CAPITAL
(Over) cooked goose ?
A few weeks ago, when I was in NYC, I was struck by the sheer number of Canada Goose winter parkas which were being worn. True it was exceptionally cold but this was a 'bird' which usually stands out (the arm patch is almost as big as the polar ice shelf) because spotting an example was a rarity. 283 more words
Bain Capital Kills Guitar Center
From Eric Garland at Zero Hedge:
311 more words
Bain made two critical mistakes from which it cannot recover. First, it attempted to run this playbook on a company that had just done this very thing with Weston Presidio five years prior.
S.E. Cupp: Democrats lose their favorite candidate - Mitt Romney
CNN: No Mitt Romney 3.0. No "third time's a charm." No invoking Ronald Reagan's two failed presidential campaigns.
No 47%, car elevators or dog on the roof. 70 more words
"The Battle Of The Plutocrats": Mitt's Snit; If Anybody's Going To Be The Candidate Of The Entitled Rich, It's Me!
Is there anything more American than the spectacle of two entitled rich guys fighting over who gets to be the presidential candidate of the 1 percent? 659 more words
Romney; 2008...2012...???
The news that Mitt Romney is indeed considering assembling the political necessities to run for the Republican nomination for the 2016 US Presidential elections broke this week. 514 more words
'Candidate' Jeb quits boards
Jeb Bush sure looks like a presidential candidate to me.
The former Florida governor has announced he is quitting all the for-profit boards on which he is a member in preparation for his now-expected run for the presidency in 2016. 212 more words


text:
What's the reason behind quirky hotel names?Comment
Hotels across the U.S. are looking for ways to appeal to the younger generation of travelers. Instead of changing their amenities or services, they're changing their names.
Search warrant reveals new details in grisly D.C. hotel murder
Hotel murder mystery leaves D.C. police searching for clues
Lawyer found stabbed to death at glitzy Donovan hotel
Chocolate, bourbon among 10 things that will be more expensive in 2015
PG County wants to crack down on human trafficking by banning hourly room rates
Marriott launches program to encourage tipping for hotel maids
Ever-escalating high-end travel leaves normal vacationers in the dust
Private elevators, personal shopping assistants, six-bedroom suites with their own postal codes. Even helipads. This is what the super-rich have come to expect from hotels. For others, vacation now means renting someone's apartment, a spare room, maybe just a couch.
UMD proposes $115-million hotel and conference center next to campus
UMD's president said scores of big academic conferences are moved to Baltimore or Washington each year because the university can't accomodate the needed space.
FCC: Thousands of hotels don't offer direct 911
A national survey finds tens of thousands of hotels don't allow guests to directly reach emergency services when they dial 911.
Montgomery County settles with Travelocity over unpaid taxes
Montgomery County has settled a suit against online hotel-booking company Travelocity over allegedly unpaid occupancy taxes.
Oscars-inspired travelComment
If you loved the movies that are nominated for Oscars this year, why not try experiencing them first-hand by visiting the cities where these films take place?
University of Maryland East Campus could house new hotel
As part of a long-delayed plan to redevelop the eastern part of the university's sprawling College Park campus, officials say that they're considering the sale of a 3-acre plot of land to make way for a hotel.
L'Enfant Plaza Hotel to close for major renovations
One of Washington's most prominent hotels will likely be closed for a "prolonged period of time" while its new owners renovate it, the Washington Business Journal reports.
Capital University students to live in water park resort temporarily
A central Ohio university short on housing says some students will start the school year in temporary, off-campus living quarters with an unusual perk: free access to water slides.
Mayflower Renaissance facing mortgage issues, WSJ reportsComment
The Wall Street Journal is reporting that the Mayflower's securitized $190 mortgage is now being overseen by a firm that helps troubled companies with troubled mortgages.
New York Hilton Midtown ending room service in AugustComment
Crain's New York Business reports that the New York Hilton Midtown will do away with room service starting in August. Instead, the hotel will offer a cafeteria-style restaurant that will serve a variety of meals.
D.C. approves plans for luxury hotel in Adams MorganComment
Plans to build a boutique-style, luxury hotel in Adams Morgan has led to a dispute between developers and residents. The plan was approved Monday night, but critics say the hotel could cause significant problems.
RecommendedRecent Facebook Activity
Only On 7
ABC7 News at 4 Now Weekdays!ABC7 is giving you MORE news in your afternoons with an extra hour, an hour earlier! Join ABC7's Leon Harris and Alison Starling for what's trending in your community and world. Every weekday afternoon at 4pm right after "The Queen Latifah Show" at 3pm on ABC7.


text:
Link-O-Rama: More problems for Matt Bush
Jul 8, 2009, 3:15 PM EDT
* When last we checked in with Matt Bush the former No. 1 overall pick was pleading guilty to assault charges on draft day, which seemed fitting for one of the biggest busts in draft history. In the month since then Bush has been arrested again, this time being charged with a DUI, resisting arrest, driving on a suspended license, and vandalism.
The beauty of the situation is that last month Bush's lawyer said:
"He fully intends to get his act together and do whatever is required
of him by the court. They could tell him to attend alcohol rehab on the
moon, and he'd agree to it." Apparently that rehab center on the moon
was all booked up or something.
* Minnesota was blown out
by New York last night, leaving manager Ron Gardenhire with a 14-38
(.269) career record against the Yankees compared to 651-515 (.558)
versus everyone else. Oh, and he's also 2-6 against New York in the
* Last week I wrote about
how baffling it was that "Matt Kemp has been one of the league's best
players, yet has batted higher than sixth in the Dodgers' lineup just
10 times." This week R.J. Anderson of Fans Graphs has taken up the same cause, but with even more stats.
* Vladimir Guerrero played the outfield last night for just the second time this season and lasted all of eight innings before leaving with a knee injury.
* Alan Embree picked up a victory last night without actually throwing a pitch.
Top Posts
- Mariners prospect Victor Sanchez has died 15
- 2015 Preview: Chicago White Sox 15
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- 2015 Preview: Atlanta Braves 15
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- 2015 Preview: Seattle Mariners 15
Most Commented
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- Rob Manfred says it would be hard to reinstate Pete Rose in a limited way (89)
- Mo'ne Davis says college ballplayer who wrote an offensive tweet about her deserves a second chance (88)
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- H. Ryu (3174)
- A. Cobb (3171)
- G. Richards (3149)


text:
Combat Assault Vehicle Rulebook
Reaper Miniatures
CAV is the game of mecha combat from Reaper Miniatures. Set in the 23rd century, the Galaxy is recovering from a long and brutal war and the factions and governments that make up the universe of CAV strive to find a common ground to live by and co-exist. But the lure of wealth and power, along with age-old rivalries and animosities, keep any hope of a lasting peace fragile at best. The CAV rulebook is a complete stand-alone game system and no additional books are required to play. CAV incorporates Reaper's DAMAGE TRACK(tm) system for faster and more realistic game play. As units are damaged in combat, their ability to function is downgraded until they are destroyed and removed from play.
Product Availability
Ships from our warehouse in 1 to 7 business days.
Are there errors or omissions in this product information? Got corrections? Let us know at email@example.com.
See Also:
Product Reviews (0)
[Kickstarter] Pact Magic Unbound: Grimoire of Lost Souls project is LIVE!,
Free Concentration,
A 20th level fighter is bathing: how does he survive an attack by a 10th level party?,
Roleplaying a Memorable Paladin, Not as a Restrictive / Troublesome Class but as a Great PC?,
Swarms, Splash Weapons, and other such things.,
kickstarter: adventureaweek into-the-wintery-gale- pathfinder-rpg-adventure,
Inquisitor w / Two handed weapon, maybe reach,
Strength to UMD trait - Brutal Manipulation,
Help creating what seems to be a very demanding concept.,
I'm making a greek mythology campaign and need imput,


text:
Giant Cell Arteritis: CV Risk Analysis Yields Surprises
Presumed heart risk fails to materialize in first U.S. population-based GCA analysis. more
Log in to MedPage TodayForgot your password?
Not a member?
Forgot your password?
Enter the email associated with your account and we will send you an email with a link to reset it.
Giant Cell Arteritis: CV Risk Analysis Yields Surprises
Presumed heart risk fails to materialize in first U.S. population-based GCA analysis. more
Combo Regimens Active in Advanced Kidney Cancer
3/4/2015 |
Highlights from kidney cancer studies presented at the Genitourinary Cancers Symposium. more
Lady Doc: Preventing Heart Disease 40 Years in Advance
Tips on helping young women manage metabolic stressors for lifelong health. more
Low BP Might Speed Mental Decline in Dementia
Systolic pressure of 128 mmHg or less on antihypertensives questioned in cohort study. more
FDA Adds Warning Against Sharing Diabetes Pens
Thousands have been infected from the multi-use pens. more
CardioBreak: Renal Denervation Again, NOAC Reversal Agents
Recent developments of interest in cardiovascular medicine. more
Week Ahead: SCOTUS and Obamacare Redux; Getting Flu Vax Right
It's round 2 time for the ACA and the Supreme Court, and is a bailout possible for a struggling pediatrician? more
Body-Building Brothers Live Lifestyle Medicine
2/27/2015 |
"Pump you up" in practice more
Kidney Injury Alerts Don't Help Anyone
Text-based notifications didn't affect health outcomes in this trial. more
Sanofi gets green light as patent on its top-selling insulin is set to expire. more