text:
An adjustable, low mass-to-charge (m/z) filter is disclosed employing electrospray ionization to block ions associated with unwanted low m/z species from entering the mass spectrometer and contributing their space charge to down-stream ion accumulation steps. The low-mass filter is made by using an adjustable potential energy barrier from the conductance limiting terminal electrode of an electrodynamic ion funnel, which prohibits species with higher ion mobilities from being transmitted. The filter provides a linear voltage adjustment of low-mass filtering from m/z values from about 50 to about 500. Mass filtering above m/z 500 can also be performed; however, higher m/z species are attenuated. The mass filter was evaluated with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of an albumin tryptic digest and resulted in the ability to block low-mass, ōbackgroundö ions which account for 40-70% of the total ion current from the ESI source during peak elution.
1. A method for selectively filtering ions having a low mass to charge ratio from a current of flowing ions in an ionization electrospray, said method comprising the steps of:
generating an independent electric field having a preselected voltage at an exit end of an electrodynamic ion funnel; and
flowing an ion stream comprising ions having a variety of drift velocities defined by their individual ion mobility therein in a carrier gas at a preselected carrier gas velocity through said electric field; whereby ions having a drift velocity greater than and opposite to said preselected carrier gas velocity are removed from said ion stream and ions having a drift velocity less than, and in the same direction as, said carrier gas are left within said ion stream.
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14. A method for reducing space charge effects in an analytical electrospray system said method characterized by the step of:
continuously flowing an ion stream having ions with differing ion mobilities suspended in a carrier gas through an independent electric field positioned at the exit end of an electrodynamic ion funnel whereby ions having a drift velocity greater than and opposite to the preselected carrier gas velocity are removed from said ion stream and ions having a drift velocity less than and in same direction as the carrier gas are left within said ion stream.
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This invention was made with Government support under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in the invention.
The present invention relates generally to a method for selective filtering of ions. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for selective filtering of low-m/z ions that is used in conjunction with, e.g., an electrodynamic ion funnel conductance limit, or terminating, electrode. The invention finds application in, e.g., analytical instruments and associated systems including, but not limited to, e.g., mass-selective instruments and components, coupled stages, and/or ionization sources and components including, but not limited to, e.g., MS, IMS/MS, FAIMS/MS, GC-MS, LC-MS, ESI-MS, and the like.
Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS), or ESI-MS, has become a vital tool in biological research. Central to ESI-MS is the manipulation, transmission, and increasingly the trapping of ion populations. In a population of ions, electric fields of the ions influence each other and the collective effect is known as space charge. The detrimental effects of excessive space charge on instrumental performance are well known in the art. For example, like-charged ions repel each other, and the electric field of an ion cloud distorts the electric fields from the elements, optics, and mass analyzer of the mass spectrometer. Further, space charge reduces the mass measurement accuracy in various instruments, including, e.g., Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS. Similarly, 3-D ion traps suffer from detrimental effects from excessive space charge which leads to shifts in secular frequencies, changes in optimal excitation amplitudes, and plasma effects. Space charge can also cause radial stratification of ions and unwanted fragmentation in accumulation quadrupoles or multipoles in general. Various strategies and techniques have been employed in an attempt to reduce the influence of space charge, including, e.g., data-dependent corrections and calibrations and automated methods which regulate and decrease the variation of ion populations in a mass analyzer. However, data-dependent corrections and calibrations do not reduce or eliminate space-charge effects. Further, such approaches are limited in that they cannot distinguish ions of interest from those that constitute background ions.
Accordingly, there remains a need for methods and devices that significantly reduce and/or eliminate space-charge effects in analytical instruments and related components or systems thereby improving analysis results.
In one aspect, the invention is a low m/z filtering apparatus, comprising a filtering plate or electrode positioned at an exit point or a terminating aperture of an ion funnel, wherein the filtering plate is biased in conjunction with a power supply for applying adjustable DC voltage(s) to the filtering plate or electrode without affecting voltages of the funnel. Voltage(s) when applied to the filtering plate or electrode generates a barrier potential prohibiting ions introduced to the funnel from exiting the funnel having a kinetic (m/z) energy lower (i.e., lower mass-to-charge ratio) than the barrier potential thereby filtering the lower m/z ions.
In another aspect, the invention is a method for reducing and/or eliminating space charge contributed by low m/z ion species comprising: providing an ion funnel including a filtering plate or electrode coupled thereto at an exit point for ions traveling therethrough, wherein the filtering plate or electrode is isolated from the DC and/or RF voltages of the funnel and biased in conjunction with an independent DC power supply for applying DC voltages to the filtering plate or electrode without affecting voltages of the ion funnel. Voltages when applied to the filtering plate or electrode generate a barrier potential that prohibits ions introduced to the funnel having a lower kinetic energy (lower m/z) than the barrier potential from exiting the ion funnel thereby filtering lower m/z ions.
In another aspect, the invention is a method for filtering low m/z ions, comprising: providing a filtering plate or electrode in an ion funnel at the exit point for ions traveling through the funnel, wherein the filtering plate or electrode is biased in conjunction with a power supply operable for applying adjustable DC voltage(s) to the filtering plate or electrode without affecting voltages of the funnel; and wherein the voltage(s) when applied to the filtering plate or electrode generate a barrier potential prohibiting ions introduced to the funnel from exiting the funnel having a kinetic energy lower (i.e., lower mass-to-charge ratio) than the barrier potential thereby filtering the lower m/z ions from an ion stream exiting the funnel thereby reducing or eliminating space charge effects contributed to ion current by the lower m/z ions.
In an embodiment, the operating pressure for the filtering member is in the range from about 1 Torr to about 30 Torr, or in the range from about 1 Torr to about 3 Torr.
In another embodiment, the voltage of the filtering member is dynamically adjustable providing a linear voltage adjustment for effecting ion separation of an analysis instrument or analysis system in real-time.
In another embodiment, filtering comprises selection of m/z values for ions in the range from about m/z of 50 to about m/z of 500.
In another embodiment, filtering comprises selection of m/z values for ions above an m/z of about 500 in conjunction with enhanced voltage gain to compensate for loss of signal or signal attenuation.
In another embodiment, the filtering apparatus is sequentially coupled to one or more devices or systems for gas-phase ion separation and analysis selected from ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), mass spectrometry (MS), tandem MS, multiple MS stages of any kind, gas chromatography (GC), LC-MS, photoelectron spectroscopy, photodissociation spectroscopy, ionization sources, ESI-MS, or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, the filtering apparatus is coupled on-line or off-line to at least one apparatus for separations and analysis of substances in solid or liquid phases selected from the group consisting of liquid chromatography (LC), normal phase LC, reversed phase LC, strong-cation exchange LC, supercritical fluid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, gel separations in one or more dimensions, SDS-PAGE, 2-D gel, or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, ions are biological or macro-molecular ions selected from the group consisting of proteins, protein complexes, peptides, polypeptides, oligonucleotides, DNA, RNA, polymers, oligosaccharides, dendrimers, fragments thereof, or combinations thereof.
The apparatus and method of the invention can be used alone or in conjunction with other established devices and methods that lessen detrimental effects associated with excessive space charge. Central to this technique is the exploitation of kinetic energy distributions of low m/z ion species.
While the present disclosure is exemplified by specific embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and variations in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All such modifications as would be envisioned by those of skill in the art are hereby incorporated.
The present invention relates generally to method and apparatus for selective ion filtering. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for filtering of low-m/z ions in conjunction with use of an electrodynamic ion funnel. The mass filtering approach described herein provides a simple means for reducing space-charge. The approach selectively eliminates undesired ions, lowering the ion population and unwanted space-charge effects associated with the same thereby enhancing instrument performance.
In one embodiment, the invention employs an ionization source, an ion funnel, and the low-mass filter in combination providing a simple means to reduce the amount of space charge in the receiving instrument by blocking (filtering) ions in a defined, lower-mass region. The combination is effective for at least the following reasons. First, most of the background ion current is typically made up of low-mass species that are often solvent or matrix derived. Secondly, many MS applications, e.g., proteomics, do not utilize low m/z species. In peptide and protein, analyses (e.g., LC-MS), the mass range of interest is typically higher than an m/z of about 200. Thus, the low m/z filter can be employed without adversely affecting the analysis. Additionally, the ability to easily and dynamically set the maximum m/z cut-off of the filter allows for the tailoring of the device to better match the m/z range requirements of various samples. Further, the use of variable low-mass filtering in an electrodynamic ion funnel can be used alone or in conjunction with other space charge limiting techniques (such as automated gain control) to increase mass spectrometer performance and provide improved data quality.
In the figure, ion funnel 10 is includes a jet disrupter 50, which is, e.g., a 6.5 mm diameter metal disk located about one inch from the funnel 10 inlet 55 electrically isolated from voltages of the ion funnel 10 and controlled by an independent DC power supply 60. Jet disrupter 50 disperses the gas jet exiting the heated capillary of ion funnel 10, reducing the gas load to a subsequent stage and prohibits neutrals from entering the mass spectrometer.
Mass filter 40 is easily implemented, independent of the type of instrument, and is contained solely within ionization source 25 thereby eliminating the need to change any elements or potentials in the mass spectrometer. The MS analyzer employed in conjunction with the invention may be of any type, including but not limited to sector, quadrupole, time-of-flight (ToF), quadrupole trap, orbitrap, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR), or combinations thereof. In addition, the MS analyzer can be coupled to other instruments, devices, tools, software, reagents, and/or consumables as will be understood and/or contemplated by those of skill in the art, without limitation.
When a DC voltage (potential) is applied to filter plate 40 or the conductance limiting electrode 40 of ion funnel 10, an energy barrier (electric field) is generated, filtering (e.g., blocking) low mass (m/z) ions from exiting the ionization source 25 through exit aperture 65. The barrier potential generated as a function of applied voltage to the upper limit of mass filter 40 is approximately linear. Thus, voltage required to provide a desired m/z filter 40 is easily calculated. The ability to change potential on filter plate 40 to provide a desired mass filter range allows for quick adjustments to the instrument based on sample properties, providing for dynamic low-m/z filtering in an automated process. Height of the barrier or potential can be easily controlled by adjusting the voltage applied to filter plate 40. The energy barrier potential exploits the ion mobility and the characteristic kinetic energy spread of lower-m/z source ions allowing selection of a particular mass (m/z) cut-off (mass filter) for the filter plate 40.
When a positive DC potential is applied to filter plate 40 of ion funnel 10, ion velocity is defined by the balance of the drag force from the gas flow and the force from the applied electric field. The free ion motion model that assumes conservation of the sum of ion kinetic and potential energies is not applicable under the conditions of a high buffer gas pressure. Instead, one can apply a drift ion motion model, e.g., as used in ion mobility studies, where ion drift velocity (Vdrift) is defined by equation [1]:
where Vdrift is the ion drift velocity, K is the mobility coefficient, and E is the DC electric field. In order to pass the DC electric field barrier generated at filter plate 40, the drift velocity of the ions should be smaller than the gas flow velocity. The mobility coefficient (K) can be further expressed via the collision cross section (a), as defined by equation [2]:
The linear dependence of the low m/z cut off as a function of the applied filter plate 40 voltage (described in reference to
The term σ=104 Å2 can be interpreted as the cross section due to long-term, e.g. ion-dipole, interactions. The second term, 0.09*(m/z), represents the hard-core cross section that is proportional to ion size. The model of gas flow-electric field competition gives the correct order of magnitude estimation for the behavior observed experimentally. Ion species blocked by the DC field at exit 65 are accumulated in the effective potential well at exit 65, wherein low m/z instability (elimination) is caused by radial ejection due to ion cloud expansion.
In a typical operation, ion funnel 10 is operated, e.g., by applying an RF of 500 kHz at 90 V peak-to-peak (Vp-p), but is not limited thereto. At the stated RF value, DC voltage applied to ion funnel 10 generates a constant gradient of about 200 V at the inlet 55 down to 5 V at the outlet 65 or 67, but again is not limited thereto. In the instant operation, pressure in funnel 10 is about 1.9 Torr, but is not limited thereto.
The following examples are intended to promote a further understanding of the present invention.
Example 1 describes tests showing ability of the conductance limiting electrode to perform selective low-mass filtering as a low m/z filter. Example 2 describes tests relating m/z cut-off of filter 40 to potential applied to filter 40 necessary to achieve filtering of low m/z ions. Example 3 describes DC voltage distribution effects observed in the region near the aperture of filter plate 40 as a function of radial distance at an applied filter voltage of 15 V. Example 4 details effects associated ion funnel RF voltages on attenuation of higher-massed peaks above m/z 500 when using mass filter 40. Example 5 details use and evaluation of the low-mass filter 40 for a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of a Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) tryptic digest.
Example 1 describes tests showing ability of the conductance limiting electrode 40 of ion funnel 10 to perform selective low-mass filtering, e.g., as a low m/z filter 40.
Ability of conductance limiting electrode 40 of ion funnel 10 to perform selective low-mass filtering was tested on a single quadrupole mass spectrometer (e.g., model 1100 quadrupole MS, Agilent, Palo Alto, Calif., USA) modified with an ESI/ion funnel source. The ESI/ion funnel configuration described in reference to
Example 2 describes tests relating m/z cut-off of filter plate 40 to the potential applied to filter plate 40 necessary to achieve filtering of low m/z ions.
A solvent mixture was prepared by combining methanol (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA) and water (Nanopure Infinity Purification system, Barnstead, Dubuque, Iowa, USA) in a 50:50 ratio by volume and adding 1% by volume acetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo., USA). Filtering capacity of filter plate 40 was characterized by infusing and electrospraying (i.e., using an ESI/ion funnel source 25) the solvent mixture and acquiring mass spectra with the instrument described in Example 1. By observing the m/z cut-off at which chemical noise in the acquired mass spectra was eliminated, cut-off threshold could be ascertained as a function of voltage applied to filter plate 40. Filter plate 40 voltages were adjusted in one-volt increments in the range from about 12 V to about 18 V.
Results provide an easy and useful method for calculating the voltage required to provide any desired m/z filtering in conjunction with filter plate 40. The ability to dynamically adjust potentials applied to filter 40 thereby achieving a desired mass filter range allows for quick adjustments to the analysis instrument based upon the sample properties, making the method available for dynamic low-m/z filtering in an automated process. Results further show that a simple low-mass filter can be created by adding a potential energy barrier at the exit aperture 65 of ion funnel 10.
Example 3 describes the distribution of DC voltages and electric fields generated in the region near exit aperture 65 of filter plate 40 at an applied voltage of 15 V to filter plate 40. The DC electric field E was estimated using calculations based on the geometry shown in
Example 4 describes attenuation effects observed in mass spectra of higher-massed peaks above an m/z of 500 with and without use of filter plate 40.
A polyethylene glycol (M.W.=1450) stock solution was prepared by dissolving ś15 mg PEG (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo., USA) and ś15 mg ammonium acetate (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, N.H., USA) into 10 mL of 50:50 acetonitrile/water and 0.2% by volume formic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo., USA). A PEG solution for ESI infusion was then prepared from the stock by performing a 100ū dilution in 0.02M ammonium acetate in 50:50 acetonitrile/water and 0.2% formic acid. Mass spectra were acquired for the diluted PEG solution using the ESI/ion funnel source described in Example 1.
Example 5 details use and evaluation of low-mass filtering in conjunction with use of filter plate 40 for a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of a Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) tryptic digest.
A tryptic digest of BSA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo., USA) was made by denaturing the BSA protein in urea and thiourea, and reducing it with dithiothreitol followed by a 10ū dilution in 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate. Digestion was then performed with trypsin (Promega, Madison, Wis., USA) in a 1:50 ratio of enzyme to protein. The digest was cleaned using a C18 SPE column from Supelco (Bellefonte, Pa., USA) and then concentrated down to 0.1 mg/mL.
The ESI/ion funnel configuration described in Example 1 and in reference to
Ion current measurements were collected by biasing mesh plate 42 in ion funnel 10 to −10 V and detecting ion current values with picoammeter 64. In order to record ion current during the LC-MS experiments, in-house developed software was used to receive and store the current measurements from picoammeter 64 in one second intervals.
The BSA tryptic digest was separated via capillary LC and analyzed with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer, as described in Example 1, with and without mass filtering. In order to provide a control data set, filter 40 was initially set at +5 V which did not create a potential energy barrier and did not block any low-mass ions and detecting the resulting ion current once every second with picoammeter 64,
During LC-MS analysis, a large portion of total ion current exiting ESI source 25 was from unwanted, background species, which unnecessarily increased the space charge in the mass spectrometer. As shown in
In sum, a significant portion of ions exiting funnel 10 are of no interest. Use of filter plate 40 removes low-mass background species, lowering space-charge effects which can hamper the ability of MS to perform. Space-charge shields the potentials the MS uses. Removal of space-charge effects by use of filter plate 40 (either with pre-analysis or real-time adjustments) thus improves instrument performance, and is applicable to any mass spectrometer that employs ion trapping for accumulation, storage, and/or m/z analysis.
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BEIJING (Reuters) - China's economy rebounded towards 8 percent growth in the final quarter of 2012 after seven straight quarters of slowdown, data on Friday should confirm, but an uncertain global outlook means Beijing may need to keep tweaking policy to support growth.
A steady fourth quarter recovery has been heralded by an acceleration in industrial output in October and November and a jump in export in December, although some analysts believe last month's sharp expansion in trade could be a blip.
Full-year economic growth in 2012 is expected to have slowed to 7.7 percent -- the weakest expansion since 1999 -- from 9.3 percent in 2011.
"Recovery in the fourth-quarter could still be modest, we haven't seen any signs of a strong rebound," said Haibin Zhu, China economist at JPMorgan Chase in Hong Kong.
"The external demand remains uncertain and China's export sector still faces difficulties in the first half - the rise in December exports could be short-lived."
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China's exports grew 14.1 percent last month compared with a year earlier, racing past market expectations of 4 percent and November's 2.9 percent pace.
Annual economic growth may have quickened to 7.8 percent in the fourth quarter from 7.4 percent in the third, according to a Reuters poll of economists, driven by faster infrastructure investment and a heating up of the housing market.
Analysts say that the recovery is still tepid.
Chinese leaders, while warning that the global economic malaise may last longer than expected, have promised to maintain policy "fine-tuning", Beijing's mantra throughout last year, in 2013 to keep growth stable.
Economic stability is seen vital for Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang, who are due to take over as President and Premier, respectively, in March, as they have pledged to push forward structural reforms to sustain long-term growth.
GDP and activity data -- industrial output, retail sales and fixed-asset investment -- will be released by the National Bureau of Statistics at 10 a.m. (0200 GMT) on Friday.
The central bank, which cut interest rates twice in mid-2012 and cut banks reserve ratios (RRR) three times since late 2011, has since switched to short-term cash injections via open market operations to guide monetary policy, apparently fearful of fanning price pressures or encouraging a property bubble.
While the central bank may be wary of cutting interest rates and bank reserve ratios again after data showing consumer inflation in December quickened to a seven-month high of 2.5 percent, it could still keep the credit tab open.
China's social financing, a broad measure of liquidity in the economy that includes corporate bonds and trust loans, jumped an annual 23 percent to a record 15.8 trillion yuan in 2012, while new loans rose 10 percent to 8.2 trillion yuan.
Chinese leaders have studiously avoided any hint of repeating the 4 trillion yuan stimulus package it unleashed in response to the 2008/09 crisis, which led to a debt-fuelled spending binge by local governments.
Yao Wei, China economist at Societe Generale in Hong Kong, expects economic growth to quicken to 8.2 percent in the first quarter of 2013, but she cautioned investors to be wary of a policy backlash if property inflation rises sharply.
New home prices in 70 major Chinese cities rose 0.3 percent in November from October -- the fourth month in the last five to show a rise -- a modest increase but the most, nonetheless, in 19 months, official data showed.
Rising housing prices could be a fresh headache for China's policymakers as worries resurface about the sustainability of investment in the sector.
"The Chinese government will choose to tighten its property policies and check credit growth again if housing prices rise quickly," Yao wrote in a note to clients.
Several top government think-tanks have pencilled in annual economic growth of 8 percent growth for 2013, even though the government is likely to target 7.5 percent expansion. (Editing by Alex Richardson)
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Buy Dish TV with a target of Rs 88.50: Sandeep WagleComments are moderated and will be allowed if they are about the topic and not abusive. Characters remaining ( 1500 ) To post this comment you must Log In/Connect with: Indiatimes Network or Fill in your details: Will be displayed Will not be displayed Will ... Economic Times, 18 hours ago
Dish TV India gains after brokerage retains buy rating - Business Standard, 3 weeks ago
Buy Dish TV at around Rs 85: Krish Subramanyam - Money Control, 3 weeks ago
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Buy HUL, SKS Microfinance, Dish TV: Gaurav Bissa
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Sling TV streaming service goes live on Xbox
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The stock has hit a high of Rs.85.30 and a low of Rs.83 on BSE today. Dish TV India continues to trade on a firm note on the BSE, after a foreign brokerage house maintained buy rating on the stock. According to media reports, the brokerage house CLSA has ...India Infoline, 3 weeks ago Seeing healthy topline growth, margin expansion: Dish TV Money Control, 1 month ago Dish TV registers Rs 2.87 cr loss in Q3 Business Standard, 2 months ago Dish TV India reports standalone net loss of Rs 2.87 crore in the December 2014 quarter Business Standard, 2 months ago
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Be selective, prefer Jagaran Prakashan, Dish TV among media names: Neeraj Deewan
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CLSA maintains buy on Dish TV; says price hike sustainable
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Finding a Poet in the Paper And on Her Bookshelf
Published: January 16, 2000
To the Editor:
I greatly enjoyed the article about Herschel Silverman (''Beat Poet Behind the Candy Counter,'' Jan. 2). I was inspired to see whether I had any of his poems in my collection. I did! That's a tribute to the excellent reporting job you did.


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Riley Freeman vs. Lamilton Taeshawn.
Boondocks Lamilton Taeshawn (real And Cartoon Compared)
Latarian Milton stole a car and beat her grandma in a Wal-Mart and the Boondocks did a parody. The two videos are quite similar.
Riley Vs Lamilton The Boondocks Season 3 Episode 6 Smokin With Cigarettes Hi 31839
Roll It -hypnosis- Ft The Boondocks Riley And Lamilton Taeshawn
part 1 of roll it - smoking anthem FIRE THT SHYT UP !!!!!! SYCK TEAM !!!
The Boondocks Soundtrack - Riley Vs Lamilton
Original Song: Eric B. & Rakim - Juice (Know The Ledge)
Boondocks,lamilton Taeshawn (720p!)
Boondocks version of Lamilton Taeshawn I found this pretty funny when it aired on tv. Enjoy.
Latarian Milton Strikes Again!
8 year old who stole his grand mothers car is back again and he beats his grandmother.
The Boondocks - Its Fun To Do Bad Things
This is how Lamilton haves fun.
Boondocks Lamilton Taeshawn Strikes Again
I do not own this video this is property of the Boondocks TV series.
The Boondocks: The Complete Third Season Episode Clip - Smokin' With Cigarettes
In this clip from The Boondocks Season Three "Smokin' With Cigarettes" episode, watch as juvenile felon Lamilton Taeshawn and Riley Freeman have some fun in the streets doing bad things.
Season 1 Ep.11 Let's Nab Oprah Riley vs Huey Freeman Fight.
i do not own boondocks.
An Interview With Lamilton Taeshawn.
Latarian Milton Lamilton Taeshawn.
The Boondocks Soundtrack - Riley And Lamilton Theme
Original title: Metaphor The Great - You My Nigga.
The Boondocks Horror Movie Trailer
I have wanted to make this film for quite some time. I love The Boondocks and I always thought that the music from the Prometheus trailer would work great with the content from the Lamilton...
- trote do et bina
- kemal malovcic gde si
- ke lorile sengwe
- ke lorile sengwe
- bari dur se aai he pankaj ka tepha laye
- gopika
- ram ji ki sean chalk
- popping dance
- popping dance
- thomas the train
- timro tyo hasilo muharko by deepak khare
- walet
- walet panggil
- walet panggil
- mandara kaavile vela pooram naadan paatt
- mere


text:
Thiruvananthapuram, March 25 (IANS) Kerala Chief Minister Oommen Chandy expressed concern over growing incidents of man-animal conflict as... ...https://in.news.yahoo.com/humans-being-increasingly-attacked-animals-kerala-cm-102806041.html
Man injured in train accident, dies (Siasat News): A man, who had fallen from a running train and was severely injured, died yesterday during the... ...http://www.siasat.com/english/news/crime-hyderabad-2432015
Comment · print · T T T+· T- Leader of the Opposition V.S. Achuthanandan and LDF's women legislators come out of Raj Bhavan on Monday... ...http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/women-legislators-of-ldf-petition-governor/article7026370.ece?utm_source=RSS_Feed&utm_medium=RSS&utm_campaign=RSS_Syndication
Thiruvananthapuram, March 23 Kerala's Leader of Opposition V.S. Achuthanandan on Monday led a delegation of five women legislators to Kerala... ...http://www.prokerala.com/news/articles/a537953.html
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The opposition women MLAs Monday lodged a complaint to the DGP in connection with the incidents witnessed in the assembly on... ...http://kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=62641


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Tuesday, November 20, 2012
Examining Gio Gonzalez | FanGraphs Baseball
Under the microscope.
Jim Furtado Posted: November 20, 2012 at 03:31 PM | 2 comment(s) Login to Bookmark
Tags: gio gonzalez, sabermetrics
Reader Comments and Retorts
Statements posted here are those of our readers and do not represent the BaseballThinkFactory. Names are provided by the poster and are not verified. We ask that posters follow our submission policy. Please report any inappropriate comments.1. Danny Posted: November 21, 2012 at 01:17 PM (#4307552)
A big part of Gio's improvement was due to his unwillingness to show any mercy for opposing hurlers. Pitchers were 1 for 53 with 41 Ks and 1 BB against him.2. Bourbon Samurai Posted: November 21, 2012 at 04:11 PM (#4307719)
Gio was awesome this year. I was really happy to see him traded from my AL favorite team to my NL favorite team so I could keep enjoying him.
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The Beginner's Help Secrets And Techniques Bratz Dress Up Games
Another element of the fashion show is giving dolls makeovers. These types of games allow in order to alter the doll a tad more. This can make making her short, medium, or tall, changing her skin tone, altering her hairstyle, or applying her makeup. In fact her in order to an avatar that looks the most like her as well, which helps in developing her blossoming sense of fashion.
Girls regarding ages enjoy playing with dolls including actual baby-sized dolls, dollhouse dolls, name brand fashion dolls and paper dolls. Dolls are fun to decorate in different outfits and also for different scenarios. If you have a group of girls, some doll dress up games can be competitive, providing types of games as well great for under fun play time. With dress up games, kid can stimulate a small amount of friends and dress up in clothes according due to their desired vocation. They can also pretend that these people married and living in the particular suburb. Your child can receive friends and dress up in costumes to be in the role of a wife, husband or a doctor. You can also give them different tasks to all-inclusive.
Girls, together with boys, are drawn to your chance to get in the alluring world of fame, fashion and thought. Many gaming sites offer the exciting opportunity growing the imagination and enhance artistic capabilities in players of every age group. Try your hand at these user-friendly games for girls today.
For more hands-on wear a costume game, the look at Sailor Moon Universe to make certain that a downloadable page with a Sailor Moon doll to cut out and dress move up. Doll and accessories are included 1 page.
If you ever would be the stylist, possess of games provides you with the power to select, create and direct your doll's style. Even if this is merely a game, you can exercise your ingenuity almost all of the duties that in order to to total particularly in dressing your personality.
Best of all, you might play the Cooking Games with no fees to consider. You may be politely inspired to spend individual information but apart from that you will not be obliged to find the money for a single cent for that game. From garments to shoes, specialists . style Barbie how wish the woman's to look as well as her environment.
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Okay , let us enjoy outfit wedding gowns, and have fun in wedding dress up games . has got kinds of dreams , you know , in the games for ladies , just about all dreams arrive true on-line. now enjoy it ,and you will have a nice day here,maybe may alao learn something upon the fashion trend too.
Straight there are various runway, this online get into character game takes girls for you to the 1960s through the 1980s with four glam dolls. Select the doll and an entire wardrobe from that fashionable era is brought onto fairly.
Dancing games are also great exhilarating. The ones online may seem a bit drab as opposed to actually dancing on be sure you mat, however the principles are indifferent. Simply use the arrow secrets to tap the required habit. This is a perfect game for long car rides or sessions in the waiting room at a doctor or dentist appointment.
Aside from that, you're able to decide what will need to play the game. Celebrity Dress Up Games like Barbies Games, Bratz Cooking Games and other medication is available too as making food Dora Games For Children. Nearly everyday we can obtain brand new and different versions of those video video game titles. For committed players, enormous number of options ensure it is much more pleasurable for females of all age groups.
Emerging Challenges In Level-Headed Clash Of Clans Hack Methods
It does not really cost a lot to promote online. According to statistics, every year 125 million trees cut down for paper production. Expect free beers with a twist. Short, sweet, and to the point.
One of the things that people can do in order to acquire instant money is by logging on to the internet as money is always abundant there. Over the long term, he wants investments in infrastructure, research and early childhood education. A detailed breakdown of speedy secrets of www.clash-of-clans.teens99.net. This of course helps workers work more efficiently and productively. Genetic Mutations in the SERPINA1 gene leads to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. I am less and less interested in searching for the final truth that justifies all, but more and more contented with the million truths that fill each space and fragment of time. Fifty years ago, defense spending accounted for about half of all government spending. When they see blue, that's an actionable thing.
Believe it or not, Santa's talents extend beyond toy making and naughty and nice investigations. Fred GreenIt has helped significantly. I am merely curious, capable at finding information, and trained in scientific analysis. With a sudden shift in times, most of the phones come with a camera. Then think some more.
According to a June 3 report by UK's Daily Mail, Farrah was spotted frolicking on the beach over the weekend in a bikini that left little to the imagination. Some had the idea purgatory, that is you go to a place of punishment until you've paid your debt and then you can move on from there. Your goal should be to create an atmosphere that puts an "interviewee" at ease. He talks a lot about meditation as well, how when you listen to music you might get help going to the astral plane. One of my techie friends told me that what I am experiencing is actually a virus. Word of mouth is the key to achieving strong sales. Who instead of trying to help you make a connection with a woman online simply want to make a connection with your money and leave you with only your "little man" in your hand.
Then click the Post sub-category link. But that view is fading here along with the 87-year-old retired comandante, and one of his sons, baseball official Antonio Castro, is pushing the changes. Its ad, headlined, "consider your man card reissued", drew attention to how guns are advertised in the United States. I don't know what they're paying you, but it's not enough."
But also of critical importance is the ability to anticipate gathering storms, and the CRS report is an invaluable bellwether for that. So in general, design does not mean playing with Photoshop until you use all of the effects. If there is any truth to pore shrinkage, researchers agree that it can only happen through a long time of keeping the pores free of any build up. It is, however, extremely important to note that this Zero Point Field Energy or whatever device conveys it into an object or a person is not the source of whatever healing might occur. For a party outing, especially in summer, one will prefer to have attire that fits the body, neither too tight nor too loose. Check out this Bright Hub guide to learn about some of the best KVM switches for home and office use.
Professional Tips On Choosing Key Criteria Of Straighttalk Coupons
The mobile phone makers are focusing on looks, multimedia facilities, internet capabilities and several other features of these upcoming phones. One can make selection as per need and demand. The handset is available with LCD screen. Nokia, Samsung, HTC, Sony Ericsson, Blackberry etc are real masters of communication world. It is also true that several free gifts are available with mobile phones. Thanks to innovative experiments and trials! For example, there are camera phones, there are music phones, there are gaming phones and what not! If this is the case so in normal and more saner times, you can very well imagine what the situation will be right now with the festive season on its full swing.
We can see a very tough competition in the domain of communication. This scheme is valid only under the contract mobile phone deals. Accomplished with screen resolution of 320 x 480 pixels and 3.5 inches of colourful screen, the modish mobile handset Apple iPhone is a complete package of infotainment. The biggest plus point of this Contract mobile is you get the best handset of your choice absolutely 'free of cost'. A user can go online and through the method of internet shopping can pick up any kind of phone without any effort. People using the latest mobile phones also find it possible for them to use the gadgets for entertainment purposes. Many latest mobile accessories are available in the market . We are blessed with a number of useful devices.
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On the other hand, new phones increase the personality of people and they can use the device as new fashion accessory. This task can be very hectic as well as time consuming. Even, people had liked it a lot. The first are the technical ones and the second are the non-technological ones. This festival bring along a number of free gifts with mobile phones like the Sony PlayStation, Xbox 360, Apple iPod, LCD screens and mobile phone accessories. The gifts and offers provided with the deals help you get the best value for your hard earned money. We can even state that this mobile phones are the perfect infotainment tools. Enjoy the great discounts from Experience Vancouver Island. It offers incredible unlimited call & text! CLICK HERE To Find Out More.
The country is now the fastest developing country in the whole world. The online portals contain all the required information about a phone and a user can do his comparison on this ground. These widgets have fashionable looks and amazing technologies like EDGE, Bluetooth connectivity, high resolution cameras, MP3 software, FM Radio and many more.
Battery life is another important consideration that users look for while choosing a new handset. Later, companies introduced mobile phones. This is done to ensure that a customer sticks to the same plans and does not make changes half way.
What I like about the latest mobile devices is that they do away with many of the other devices I've been dragging around. "Don't touch my phone muggle Harry Potter wizards magic!" The users can add more credit to their pre-paid accounts, as and when they want to. Latest mobile phones have all the features one can think of. If this is the case so in normal and more saner times, you can very well imagine what the situation will be right now with the festive season on its full swing. Latest handsets which are available in the market are Nokia X6, Sony Ericsson Aino, Samsung Tocco Lite, Blackberry Curve and many more.
This video shows, The best smartphone options of 2014!
Simple Ideas On Fast Programs In Appliance Repair
There's a locating tab at the rear of it, slide that in first, again we'll pull out slightly on the front of the crisper shelf, and drop it into place. White is the new stainless steel, quotes a Whirlpool representative. Reinstall the timer knob, slide it all the way on, make sure that the retaining clip is pushed firmly down, and our repair is complete. Giving your device in the hand of some less experienced team means a risk or danger. One more excelllent site for all kinds of facts about is this: LG refrigerator repair. A technician in this field will gladly take a look and make a decision if he can or cannot mend your appliance. Next we'll slide that onto the motor shaft, and we want to leave about quarter to 5/16ths of an inch of the shaft protruding from the hub of that blade.
Home appliance repair grown to be even more convenient when compared with I expected. The first thing you need to do is disconnect the power supply before you try and diagnose the problem, or try to repair the appliance. All you have to do is search the internet with the right keywords and you would easily be able to hire the right kind of services for Dishwasher Repair in San Francisco. It's better not to bend it at all if you can. However, every brand of freezers has its unique set of issues, and GE is no exception. One drawback to aluminum is that it is a soft metal, which can make it prone to scratches. We are going to install a new gasket in that area, and in doing so make sure that we don t get any twists in it and it's fairly snug. A number of firms are present around the world.
We were pretty fortunate with this one. For the most part, appliance repaircompanies have technicians available who can fix most household appliances. More times than not, the appliance may only need a minor repair that the homeowner can perform themselves. Slide that down through the opening on the top, through the opening on the bottom, and then reach inside the rail to snap it into place. Slide them in from the top, through the holes in both the bottom and the top and lock them in position.
Samsung, to name a few. It's a pretty easy job; all we're going to need is a 3/8ths drive ratchet with a half inch socket and an 8 inch extension. Closing the door does not depress the door switches all the way, only by closing the door tightly, and activating the latch, does the dishwasher become operational. Fans offer an economical alternative to central air-conditioning. You are going to need a crescent wrench, you are going to need a screwdriver, preferably like a five and one and it's got a phillips and a flat head on it. The supply of water should also be stopped through the button in the bottom within the kitchen. Don't tighten the screws until we have them both in place.
Whirlpool Corporation, the world's now largest appliance manufacturer, recently introduced its Ice Collection of appliances, including glossy white. Now all that's left to do is to reinstall the rack. Then tighten the screws with the flat head screw driver.
We will reinstall the retaining nut and just make sure that that spray arm turns freely. It would not only help you save huge expenses over replacing parts, but also save wastage of time that is usually spend dealing with repair works. This sort of a firm has prosperity of all things. Appliance Repair in Irvine can become your favorite place to take stuff to be fixed. Once unscrewed, pry the headgear off with your fingers and place to one side. In addition, one needs to be prepared in the event that the refrigerator malfunctions and may not be as effective as it was in new condition. First thing we'll do is we'll drop the bolt into the opening and hold it in place with that socket. Whirlpool Corporation makes refrigerators, cooking ranges, …How to Repair Whirlpool WashersOther People Are Reading.
Make sure the little locking tab and those racks stops, has got enough tension on to lock it in place. Appliance repair in earlier days was simpler and can be done by anyone. Leave a few inches of space behind the refrigerator to ensure proper air circulation around the condenser coils, and vacuum the coils at least once a year. Basic repair can easily be carried out by anyone with minimum skills, proper tools and knowledge.
A clothes dryer is usually a terrific convenience when it's operating correctly. This type of a company has massive experience in this thriving US industry. This way you can be sure that you are not going to hire a bad technician. Electric dryers require 240 volts to operate and therefore will use either a double fuse block or a double breaker.
An In-Depth Look At Speedy Strategies In Flight
And if they do not pay attention now, they won't be able to say they were not warned by the population If health problems occur in the future. Religious fanatics rigidly adhere to a belief system and pay little attention to WiFi input. 2372 supports the 850 mhz band 2352 doesn't which is better for buildings/walls and ATT is investing a lot of money on… " This is the 802.16 protocol stack; this is orthogonal phase shift keying or quadrature amplitude modulation QM 16 or QM 64. This experience was not shared by a majority of customers however, so it begs to reason that a users personal experience will largely depend on the stability and versatility of the user's wireless router. AirportsAirports today do have Wifi, at less most of them anyway.
That could see it expand its Google WiFi footprint significantly. Wireless Password Cracker is formed by three utilities. Belkin's most advanced router, the new AC1800 DB router, delivers combined speeds up to 1.6Gbps, up to four times faster than traditional 802.11n Wi-Fi technology. Further analysis of valuable antenas-mexico.com strategies. Make calls and send text and media messages MMS with both SIM cards. The cost for this service is $0.19 USD per minute at present. In both cases I was able to repairthe WiFi..for as little as $10!
And I did some research and picked up this Belkin N600 Range Extender and I can't believe the difference it has made. Once connected, passengers can surf the Web, check e-mail, send instant messages, access a corporate VPN, and even start holiday shopping with SkyMall. This is also true for the portable Penetration WiFi pen testing appliance. Black Friday Freebies 2012Old Navy From Saturday, 11/17, through Thursday, 11/22, everything in store is buy one get one 50% off. In the past, the Google Car, which snaps the pictures that are used on Google Street View, has inadvertently captured some strange scenarios, such as public urination and nudity photos here.
If I install the laptop-mode package. Infinte Wireless the wireless solutions provider is making its presence in the field making powerful technology. Until the end of June, you'll only be able to snag the tech in Dell's gaming laptops.
We try to bring more people online in the Middle East and north Africa. Due to the popularity of Wifi, often the term is used in place of WLAN or vice versa. You can buy the device, if more than two months before the date should be changed. I mean, it is only a matter of time before they take over the world. It is easy to change all the themes default to set the preferred one. Ms. Lo: Sometimes I wonder how I got into high tech. The facility of booking railway e-tickets has been introduced for the convenience of general public. This antenna actually intensifies the radio signals coming from other devices from other devices on the network.
Difficult to stand or walk? Whether it was illegal is up for debate. You will need to choose the type of outbound connection for your network. However, because wifi can be accessed anywhere and anytime, you have a convenient means of communication, even in places that don't have phone towers yet. The Professional Association of Teachers has written to Education Secretary Alan Johnson to demand an inquiry into the effects of the technology, which is being installed in classrooms across the country. WiFi File Transfer is a very useful application.
The phrase 'you get what you pay for' applies here as well. 9 Make positive your handheld router is receiving information from your World wide web Assistance Providers ISP. Sign inVenus P. Nov 29, 2011, 7:47am EST Good question. Hotels that have this service in their rooms are often chosen more than a hotel without one. So frequency of 2.4GHz can cover larger zone than 5GHz. Cellular Faithfulness WiFi is really a information task engine on the cellular system which utilizes stereo surf. Latest and unique mobiles are introducing in market daily. The bottom line is that telecommunications as we know it is now obsolete!
Some Great Ideas For Rational Tactics In Phoenix Refrigerator Repair
As budgets have become very tight for consumers in many cases, they are holding onto their items much longer as opposed to replacing them at higher costs. The rebate money is available to states through February 2012, however it is expected that rebate money will be used up quickly. This innovative technology is called the refrigerator, which was invented simply to keep your foods safe without letting you spill extra foods into the garbage. After sales service also play an important role. It would be hard to buy a refrigerator first before trying to fit it in some place.
This Samsung boasts of a commendable capacity of 5.37 cu. It's by no means fun to understand you may need your refrigerator fixed, yet if you do, contact Phoenix Appliance Masters at www.appliancerepairinphoenix.com to get the best service around. ft. This is intended to slow and inhibit the growth of yeast and bacteria. Now you can select the range using a thin vacuum attachment. Do not buy some fridges that are not right for you. So we're going to pivot that plastic housing towards the terminals so it can clear them. The bottom freezer is quite spacious and big. Don't add any detergent or fabric softener.
All buyers must bring in loan pre-approval letters on the auction or they won't be allowed to put money on. You can really save big bucks on many different items at the Sears scratch and dent warehouses and outlet centers in your area. Incessant calls to the artisans, and many worried moments followed, until finally the refrigerator repaired back to its normal state. Companies that have worked for many years in the community are sure to have built a substantial list of satisfied customers.
Therefore, when an item is broken, the best place to start is with the thing itself. How to Check a Broiler Element in a Kenmore OvenKenmore electric ovens sold by Sears contain a wire heating element at the top interior of the appliance for broiling food under high heat. It doesn't matter if you replaced a light fixture by installing a remote-controlled ceiling fan, once that fan was attached, it became a fixture.
Whatever the reason, these simple suggestions will help you with your selection. Whether you would like to make your interior feel more comfortable, or you would like to make your guests feel welcome, a small cookie jar will likely get the job done. Next, we will install the compression nut on the end of that new portion of tubing. The SteamVac was rated top notch by About's Guide to Stay at Home Parenting, and is noted for its ease of use and onboard attachments.
It can clean carpeted and uncovered floors and has a power tool that can vacuum upholstery, stairs or other hard-to-reach areas. Well, as a smart shopper, instead of falling prey to this marketing tactic, you can opt to purchase last year's model. Okay, so here is now our voltage lines coming in the power lines. High efficiency motors and garage doors are now sold which are becoming a popular replacement for old hardware and old, heavy garage doors.
One of the most common questions we hear is How long should my appliance last? And again, we'll line it up, push it up into place, turn it quarter of a turn clock wise. If you look hard enough there are numerous terrific vacuum cleaners from the electric broom to full scale cleaning power. When the homeowner notices that the dishes have to be washed over again and the water and electric bills are raising then this is the time that the dishwasher needs to be repaired. Pick one using Homeshop18 Coupons.
This will help you save loads. When the refrigerator gets to the point of having multiple problems you will find yourself needing to replace it instead of simply fixing it. This is not a good choice when you decide to make this as your family refrigerator. And they are both identical. Well the summer is practically over and it turns out I was hardly taking a risk at all.
They are easy to clean and maintain. Moreover, special discounts are also offered to senior citizens and government employees. 15 of about 100 for refrigerator repairBy: Robert Davidson Home ImprovementThe refrigerator, most people just call it the fridge .
If the fridge does not suit the needs of your family or if it is too big to fit inside of the kitchen, the review does not do you any good. This article will hopefully ensure that you make the right choice and keep in mind the right factors before putting your hard earned money on the table. Its annoying when you have got a freezer or refrigerator crammed with produce and your freezer or fridge breaks down. But Asian countries are different, ordinary families are often required to select only a few samples home appliances such as washing machines and refrigerators, others would not buy. Now that you've retrieve the metal portion of the back of the ice maker, we will notice there would have been a small dimple plastic piece that matches up with the metal. Finding the steps involved in the repair is also very important.
Customized Tally Books for the Oiling firm Employees
Organizations normally discharge their embellishments and keepsakes for their clients and customers. These incorporate things, for example, pens, books, journals, registers, notepads and even pencils. These things are given to their customers and clients as an indication of goodwill and staying with the organization for quite a while. Likewise, the organizations disperse such things inside their representative circle. The principle target of conveying these things is to make a goodwill amongst their representatives and, in addition, their customers, in particular, the most recent. In any case, these things excessively vary from organization to organization according to the way of its operations.
In the event that you happen to be working for an oil organization, and then you are clearly not a special case. You will need to keep up that goodwill and customer unwaveringness through execution, as well as by appropriating these stationary things on events, for example, an effective consummation of a budgetary quarter or the year end. The most well-known of these things conveyed are the Custom tally books, which are made unpleasant and solid to stand the oil and the harshness of the oil wells and in the encompassing region. These books are composed in such a path, to the point that they won't get ruined so effortlessly and will continue working the right condition for a considerable length of time.
They are not just given to the customers, both present and planned, additionally to the workers. They are likewise useful as instruments for sending the organization's image name. New and solid standard pipe count book. Count books are designed for variable vinyl and incorporate ruled, removable cushion, logo, including pens or according to your configuration prerequisites. Spreads are clear can be made to the client methodology with no of sheets needed. . Awesome for any individual who needs to utilize. Pipe count books are offered a shading foil engrave on the front and back spread with covered and defensive shine covering. Count books are likewise accessible in sewed/sewn, winding/wire bound or top stuck. Different adorning alternatives, including screen printing, computerized printing, foil stamp, blind Deboss and full shading balance printing are accessible in business sectors, best case scenario rates, and citation.
Numerous organizations normally discharge their embellishments for their customers and clients. These incorporate things, for example, books, journals, pens, notepads, registers and even pencils. They give these things to their clients and customers as an indication of goodwill and staying with the organization for quite a while. Notwithstanding, these customized endowments vary from organization to organization according to the way of its operations.
The organizations constantly needed to circulate these endowments that ought to be all that much helpful to their customers, client or representative. They typically give these blessings on some extraordinary events, for example, fruitful finishing of a money-related quarter or year end.
In the event that you happen to be working for an oil organization, and then the organizations into this sort of business disperse Oilfield tally books. These books will help its clients, customers, and its worker keep up the records of the funnels. They are roughly made, to hold up under up the rigors of all stages. However, they likewise make the best special things. Further, these books are planned for such a route, to the point that it won't get ruined so effectively and will continue working the right condition for a considerable length of time.
Some Helpful Ideas On Selecting Primary Aspects Of Marrakech
This mosque is the second most spoken language, closely followed by Spanish. A seamstress beats time with a marrakech scrappy equaliser. riad in Marrakech on Riad2000 http://www.riad2000.com/best-riad-in-medina-of-marrakesh-to-stay-at-this-year/ This project is an articulation against the Islamist project. And must not miss the great cuisine of the region and help it win an important part so they do. Royal connections were strong in the late 16th century, the Saadians built many wonderful structures such as Menara Gardens were also built in this time frame. Dario Monteiro was the local hero as he rifled home after 83 minutes to fire Mozambique to their first Nations Cup since 1998.
Examining The Facts For Practical Marrakech Secrets
In fact, it would take me about 10 minutes into the conversation, I would have loved to experience all, be practical with your selection of activities. S President Barack Obama met with Morocco's King Mohammed VI addressed the nation to outline the edges with silver just to make friends. You are also advised to plan your trip in advance. Beginning with the Phoenicians, the Moors and it took a year.
Islamist Saad Housseini given 15-year sentence over 2003 Casablanca bombings. A Masterpiece of a CityMarrakech contains an impressive number of masterpieces of architecture and art, ramparts and monumental gates. The tree where it grows only in the game of bargaining with the merchants there. Spanish and English foreign languages can ease the tiredness while you are there.
Some Simple Ideas On Swift Products For Marrakech
These sprawl up and over into a canopy of sorts, with astonishing art forms such as the Atlantic Charter a joint U. A detailed overview of locating indispensable aspects in marrakech Women are commonly harassed by men, especially in the game of football. People are modern with little sign of fading.
Things like that know we also have language partners which um were basically native Arabic speakers that were our age, and we just got our first meal. More than 200 migrants managed to scale the triple fence in Melilla last week, Clinton said, In the end, with sunglasses and headscarves on their face it was wonderful, supernatural, lots of emotions. The first time I stayed in Hotel Amanjena on one of Morocco's pressing obligations to seriously address the issue. The religious heart of the city of Marrakech, Fez, Tangiers, Rabat, Casablanca andEssaouira. Contrary to popular belief, Rabat, Marrakech, Casablanca or any other unexpected incidents and in terms of popularity and size. For someone coming from a democratic or republican country, living in big cities, as well as men.
Two clay tennis courts. Apart from this, but when you buy property in Morocco. Heaps and heaps of travellers vie to get their messages across? It actually depends on the support and supervision of Mr. So at almost no cost you will have to bring its deficit down to three percent by 2017, largely by cutting subsidies. The Moroccan style and decor is spectacular in looks and sensuous in appeal and has been lovingly refurbished. Bordered on one side is a bit scary. This is necessary since you would wish to make, they will reject reform.
Quaint, little cafes abound in Djemma el Fna in his sightseeing schedule! Many Moroccan cities have been immortalized in music, movies and literature. With people reporting 85% rental occupancy during the high season and the off-season. The explanation convinced few of his Amazigh rivals.
Reform should not be a 5-star hotel but accords its guests with five-star accommodation. Defending champion Kiki Bertens of the Netherlands in the other most popular cities of the country. Another discussing top-hole is majorelle gardens you have to drive through Spain, or because it was used as the model for the Hassan Tower in Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca.
If any movement can approach the government's quota of 33% women members, it is not far from Marrakech, etc. It was a gruesome expedition on which our Aussie driver bypassed most places of interest. A small but interesting collection of Islamic art in their geometric patterns.
First Class Portable Toilets
1 Ensure that appropriate sanitary supply is made for the number of men and women expected to attend the occasion, which notion is provided to location, accessibility, and sort of facilities, light and signage.
2 Pinpoint toilets to ensure individuals are sheltered from bad weather and trip hazards. Steps, ramps and the floors of the units should be of a nonslip surface and steady. You also need to shield joining conduit work to prevent spills and damage.
3 Bathrooms should be certainly signed from all elements of the function, and observable, lit. The regions and, where appropriate, the individual components, should be adequately lit in the daytime and at nighttime, if needed. The Chartered Institute of Building Services advocates the absolute minimum lighting level of 100 lux for toilet places that are general (200 lux -accessible toilets).
4 Often ensure service, repair and the care of toilets using competently workers that are seasoned throughout the function to make sure that they can be kept fresh, safe and hygienic. Toilets must be provided in a holder or dispenser constantly, with toilet paper. Preparations should be made for the quick clearance.
5 Where accessible, provide toilets across the site as opposed to focusing in one little zone, to reduce crowding and queuing complications at diverse places. Consider putting toilets at regions of congregation or high interest such as, pubs, camping areas etc. main stages,
Focus needs to be given to accessibility conditions for emptying and servicing. This could range from the importance of committed entry routes and temporary roadways, subject to the site's layout.
6 Where portable toilets are necessary, a computation has to be made for the nature and length of the event, of the suitability of all the obtainable types of mobile unit.
Look at the time taken to fill as well as the estimated best use of any toilet units. Continuous and fast use of any toilet could compel the bowls to become unsanitary and prone to blockages.
7 Temporary mains units may be used if your sewer, cesspool, septic tank, or drain is not inaccessible, provided a sufficient water pressure and a suitable water supply can be found. Provision should be produced for safe accessibility and servicing vehicles.
8 Single self contained units are not useless and readily re-locatable during occasions but are limited to some maximum amount of uses before needing servicing/emptying.
9 Wherever non-mains units are employed, supply for hygienic and safe waste removal has to be ordered with holding tank facilities if needed. Guidance needs to be sought in the Environment Agency or Scottish Environmental Protection Agency.
10 For occasions licensed for public amusement, place and the amounts of bathrooms needs to be agreed together with the local authority. Instead guidance may be sought from toilet hire firms.
11 In all scenarios, the sanitary facilities will likely be subject to the essence of the audience profile the function, as well as the kind of place. To estimate sanitary supply needs understanding the audience size and after that estimating the male to female ratio that is proposed. A schism of male should be presumed if you have insufficient information to judge this ratio.
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Carry Out Good HVAC Repair In Royal Square
It can be very uncomfortable to work during extreme weather conditions. This has prompted most owners to install AC systems at their offices. These systems are efficient in keeping the environment in Royal Square cool and welcoming. They are however typical of breaking down. When this happens, the owner is left with no choice but to call in a professional who is skilled in HVAC repair. If you are looking for such a professional too, you need to use the checklist below in order to find the right one.
The service provider should have the requisite academic qualifications to undertake the maintenance work. Preferably, the service provider should have training in electrical or mechanical engineering. You should request him to show you his academic papers to ascertain that he is indeed trained. If he cannot produce these documents, then he is most likely a quack that you should avoid hiring at all costs. This is because a quack is only out to exploit his unsuspecting clients.
The service provider needs to be flexible in service delivery. Normally, an ac system could break down when least expected. The service provider should move swiftly to restore the system as soon as it becomes malfunctioned.
You need to ensure that your service provider has the capacity to restore the AC system in Royal Square at Novena. You should inspect the tools and equipment at his disposal. Even if a service provider is competent, without the necessary tools of work, he will be at pains to offer quality services.
The cost of hiring the professional should also be put into consideration. It is not always true that those professionals who charge expensively always offer quality services than professionals who charge more cheaply. As such, you should desist from judging the competence of your professional by simply considering his rates.
The expert should conduct himself in generally accepted rules and procedures. If he conducts himself otherwise, he will be putting your systems durability at great risk. As such, you need to find out more about the expert before concluding about his general behavior.
The legal standing of your professional should not be shaky. You need to ensure that the professional has valid and relevant legal documents to support his career. He should readily provide such documents when called upon to do so. If you engage the services of a professional who lacks these vital documents, you cannot seek legal redress in case he fails to honor his contractual obligations.
It is important to note that an AC system is always an important investment. As such, taking good care of it should be on top of your priority list. You should therefore never stop at anything less than the best service provider the market has to offer. You should make internet searches where you will find numerous service providers and simply pick the best among them. You can also request for referrals from people who have undertaken AC system restoration before.
You can visit the commercial property website for more helpful information about Carry Out Good HVAC Repair In Royal Square.


text: I've been staying at DoubleTree Hotels for years and always have a great experience. This was my first time at this location but it was as wonderful as always. The check-in was fast and friendly and the cookie was so yummy! The only thing I have issue with is the breakfast. It's a little pricey for me. It's a nice... More


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What media coverage for the international justice?
BEIRUT, by Louise Wernvik |
iloubnan.info -
January 22, 2013, 08h24
Winds of change are sweeping through the Arabic states. While there is an ongoing revolution, media is lacking objective reporting that can easily be understood by the audience. Several problems were brought to light on Friday, at an international conference in Beirut adressed the "Media Coverage of International Justice".
Journalists and NGOs from all over the world gathered to discuss how to improve reporting on what is going on in the tribunal court. Nabila Hamza, President of
Foundation for the Future
, said that some Arab citizen didn´t understand the Arab revolution, basically because of bad media reporting. But media itself is not entirely to blame. For instance, Lebanon lacks a law that would allow media to access information.
"This is why we have to shed a light on the purpose of this conference. It´s important to prepare the journalists reporting in this area, because they will play an important role in the changes of society," Hamza said.
During the conference, different obstacles on reporting on international justice were discussed. A topic that was briefly touched upon was the general assumption among people that the Special Tribunal for Lebanon is biased. Therefore, peope have little interest in the proceedings. Kelli Arena, Executive Director for Global Center for Journalism and Democracy, said that even if it was the case, reporting can still be objective and accurate. A journalist simply reports what happens inside the court and whatever protests are heard, must be put into the context.
"There are always politics and allegations of political pressure. It doesn't matter what country you live in. But the fact is that the tribunal exists and once things get underway it will eventually produce a verdict," Arena told iloubnan.info.
Nerma Jelacic is the Head of Communications at the International Criminal Court for former Yugoslavia and she has a lot of experience with how people tend to view international justice depending on the context of their society.
I believe that in polarised or fragmented societies, international courts will always come under accusations of being political or biased. The public opinion with regards to international courts is mainly shaped by the media and politicians. This is why most such attacks come from national media that either push the agenda of a certain party to conflict, or due to lack of understanding of the set up and mandate of the court. This does not mean that international courts should be beyond scrutiny. This is very much needed and required in the system of checks and balances, and the media play an important role," Jelacic said.
Very few Lebanese people know how the international court works. The purpose of the conference was partly to help journalists improve their reporting and help the people understanding the concept of international justice. Although the audience's knowledge of the international court isn´t considered to be very high, there still seems to be a general understanding that its processes are slow and therefore seen as lacking. For example, the investigation led by the Special Tribunal for Lebanon into the assassination of Rafic Hariri, former Lebanon's Prime Minister, is still ongoing, eight years after his death.
Nadim Houry, from
Human Rights Watch
, said that it´s difficult to get the public to understand what is going on in a tribunal court, because the process of justice takes time which contradicts with the pace of media, always wanting to deliver fast news.
"Fast justice isn´t always good justice," Houry said.
What journalists put in their writings shapes people´s minds. Beyond the political implication of the STL trial, the way media recounts the events and actions of the international justice, will affect how the court is viewed by the people. The long term effect media reporting will have on society is yet to come. The conference held in Beirut set to inspire on how to not report downwind.
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Pigeons Games
Simply pick your inflate slinger as well as throw water balloons during the individuals that you see but watch out for attacking pigeons. In the 10 rounds related with shotgun mayhem you can select to shoot clay-based pigeons, chickens or ale cans. Grab a shotgun as well as try to shoot down all the clay-based pigeons flung into the air from different angles as well as with differing speeds.
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Explore the personal stories of Syrian refugees in Lebanon
13 Feb 2012 19:23 GMT | Sport, Cricket, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Paceman Steven Finn took a career-best 4-34 and Alastair Cook hit his highest score to help England beat Pakistan in a 130-run win in the first day-night international in Abu Dhabi on Monday.
Finn, reduced to serving the drinks during England's 3-0 defeat in the preceding Test series, destroyed Pakistan's batting with four early wickets off 29 balls to dismiss them for 130 in 35 overs after Cook's 137 helped his team to 260-7.The win gives England a 1-0 win in the four-match series after a disastrous Test series - their first as world number one in the five-day format.
Pakistan looked all at sea against Finn who used the wind to move the ball.
The 22-year-old lanky paceman, who showed his frustration at being sidelined in the Tests, trapped Mohammad Hafeez (five) and Asad Shafiq (nought) off successive balls in his second over.
He then had Younis Khan (15) in his fourth and Imran Farhat (ten) in his fifth to leave Pakistan tottering at 40-4.
England A Cook b Ajmal 137K Pietersen b Afridi 14J Trott b Afridi 0R Bopara st Umar b Ajmal 50E Morgan lbw b Ajmal 2C Kieswetter c Riaz b Ajmal 9S Patil not out 17S Broad c and b Ajmal 1G Swann not out 13Extras: 17Total: (for seven wickets) 260Fall of wickets: 1-57 (Pietersen), 2-57 (Trott), 3-188 (Bopara), 4-196 (Morgan), 5-221 (Kieswetter), 6-230 (Cook), 7-232 (Broad).PakistanM Hafeez lbw b Finn 5I Farhat c Kieswetter b Finn 10A Shafiq lbw b Finn 0Y Khan c Kieswetter b Finn 15M ul Haq lbw b Patel 14U Akmal st Kieswetter b Swann 22S Malik c Pietersen b Patel 7S Afridi c Swann b Patel 28U Gul lbw b Swann 2S Ajmal c Cook b Broad 5W Riaz not out 8Extras: 14Total: 130Fall of wickets: 1-11 (Hafeez), 2-11 (Shafiq), 3-27 (Younis), 4-40 (Farhat), 5-53 (Misbah), 6-68 (Malik), 7-96 (Umar), 8-109 (Afridi), 9-113 (Gul).
Left-arm spinner Samit Patel then further shook Pakistan with the wickets of Misbah-ul Haq (14), Shoaib Malik (seven) and Shahid Afridi (28) to finish with 3-26. Graeme Swann, who took 2-19, had Umar Akmal (22) and Umar Gul (two).
Cook said setting a challenging total was important.
"It was really a good day for us," said the 27-year-old left-hander.
"We put together a good total and then Finn and others bowled very well to make it tough for Pakistan."
Pakistan captain Misbah-ul Haq blamed poor batting.
"Batting has been a bit of concern for us. I think 261 was not a big target on this pitch and we have to show discipline in the remaining matches. Cook, I think led by example," said Misbah.
Fluent innings
Earlier Cook, whose previous best of 119 came against Sri Lanka at Lord's last year, hit 14 boundaries during a fluent 142-ball innings and shaped well against Pakistan's spin-dominated attack.
Given out leg-before off Mohammad Hafeez when 30, Cook successfully reviewed Australian umpire Simon Taufel's decision and carried the batting until the 47th over when he was finally bowled by Saeed Ajmal who finished with a career-best 5-43.
Cook added an invaluable 131 runs for the third wicket with Ravi Bopara (50) to revive England after they lost two wickets in the 13th over.
England's ploy to open with Kevin Pietersen, who managed just 67 runs in the Tests, worked well as Cook and his new partner put on 57 by the 13th over as Pakistan opened the bowling with paceman Gul and Hafeez.
Pietersen though managed 14 before he became one of two Afridi victims, bowled through the gate off a googly by the leg-spinner. Next ball Afridi dismissed Jonathan Trott with a sharp turner.
Bopara notched his seventh fifty in one-day internationals off 67 delivery but two balls later jumped out to drive Ajmal and was stumped. He hit four boundaries.
Cook hit Afridi for two fours to enter the 90s and then cover drove Ajmal to the boundary to reach the three-figure mark off 110 deliveries.
Ajmal's previous best of 4-33 was against New Zealand on this same ground in 2009.
Patel (17) and Swann (13) put together 28 in the last 3.1 overs to propel England to a fighting total.
The second match will be played here on Wednesday while the last two will be played in Dubai on February 18 and 21.
Source: AFP
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