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Invertebrates are among the most diverse organisms on Earth, significantly contribute to ecosystem function and integrity, and possess high potential as bioindicators. By definition, invertebrates also are wildlife. Yet, inclusion of invertebrates in peer-reviewed wildlife journals has not been investigated. As such, our objective was to assess inclusion of invertebrates in prominent wildlife journals published in the last decade. Based on our review and first-hand experience, we also aimed to provide recommendations for integration of invertebrates into wildlife science, education, and peer-reviewed literature. We performed a systematic literature review by manually searching all issues and articles from 2003–2013 of the following journals: European Journal of Wildlife Research, Journal of Wildlife Management, South African Journal of Wildlife Research, Wildlife Biology, Wildlife Research, and Wildlife Society Bulletin. We analyzed data derived from our review to elucidate trends in the inclusion of invertebrates in these journals. We identified 4,916 articles that involved animal taxa, of which 122 (2.5%) included invertebrates and <1% included invertebrates as focal taxa. Our results indicated invertebrates are included in a minute portion of articles in top wildlife journals. We recommend a paradigm shift to a less taxonomically homogenized and vertebrate-centric approach to wildlife science and education, integrating invertebrates into wildlife studies, and publishing results of those studies in wildlife journals to facilitate effective management of all wildlife species. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Wildfires burned 24,254 ha of critical habitat designated for the recovery of the threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in southern Nevada during 2005. The proliferation of non-native annual grasses has increased wildfire frequency and extent in recent decades and continues to accelerate the conversion of tortoise habitat across the Mojave Desert. Immediate changes to vegetation are expected to reduce quality of critical habitat, yet whether tortoises will use burned and recovering habitat differently from intact unburned habitat is unknown. We compared movement patterns, home-range size, behavior, microhabitat use, reproduction, and survival for adult desert tortoises located in, and adjacent to, burned habitat to understand how tortoises respond to recovering burned habitat. Approximately 45% of home ranges in the post-fire environment contained burned habitat, and numerous observations (n = 12,223) corroborated tortoise use of both habitat types (52% unburned, 48% burned). Tortoises moved progressively deeper into burned habitat during the first 5 years following the fire, frequently foraging in burned habitats that had abundant annual plants, and returning to adjacent unburned habitat for cover provided by intact perennial vegetation. However, by years 6 and 7, the live cover of the short-lived herbaceous perennial desert globemallow (Sphaeralcea ambigua) that typically re-colonizes burned areas declined, resulting in a contraction of tortoise movements from the burned areas. Health and egg production were similar between burned and unburned areas indicating that tortoises were able to acquire necessary resources using both areas. This study documents that adult Mojave desert tortoises continue to use habitat burned once by wildfire. Thus, continued management of this burned habitat may contribute toward the recovery of the species in the face of many sources of habitat loss. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Habitat management for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) should affect vital rates, but direct linkages with survival are not well documented; therefore, we implemented an experiment to evaluate those responses. We conducted our experiment on a reclaimed surface mine, a novel landscape where conditions were considered sub-optimal because of the dominance of non-native vegetation, such as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata), which has been reported to provide marginal habitat for northern bobwhite and may negatively affect survival. Nonetheless, these areas have great potential for contributing to bobwhite conservation because of the amount of early successional cover they provide. Our study site, a 3,330-ha reclaimed surface mine in western Kentucky, consisted of 2 tracts (Sinclair and Ken, 1,471 ha and 1,853 ha, respectively) that served as replicates with each randomly divided into a treatment (i.e., habitat manipulation through a combination of disking, burning, and herbicide application) and an undisturbed control (n = 4 experimental units). Habitat treatments were applied October 2009 to September 2013. We used radio telemetry to monitor northern bobwhite (n = 1,198) during summer (1 Apr–30 Sep) and winter (1 Oct–31 Mar), 2009–2013. We used the known-fate model in Program MARK to evaluate treatment effects on seasonal survival rates. We included biological, home-range, landscape, and microhabitat metrics as covariates to help improve model sensitivity and further elucidate experimental impacts. Survival varied annually, ranging from 0.139 (SE = 0.031) to 0.301 (SE = 0.032), and seasonally (summer, 0.148 [SE = 0.015]; winter, 0.281 [SE = 0.022]). We found a treatment effect (β = 0.256, 95% CI = 0.057–0.456) with a seasonal interaction (β = −0.598, 95% CI = −0.898 to −0.298) with survival being higher in summer (0.179 [SE = 0.022] vs. 0.109 [SE = 0.019]) and lower in winter (0.233 [SE = 0.025] vs. 0.355 [SE = 0.035]) on treatment than control units. Among habitat covariates, litter depth (β = −0.387, 95%CI = −0.5809 to −0.1930) was the most influential effect (negative) on survival. Additional experiments across a wider range of habitat conditions may be required to determine management intensity or duration thresholds required to elicit greater changes in survival for northern bobwhite populations. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Density estimates accounting for differential animal detectability are difficult to acquire for wide-ranging and elusive species such as mammalian carnivores. Pairing distance sampling with call-response surveys may provide an efficient means of tracking changes in populations of coyotes (Canis latrans), a species of particular interest in the eastern United States. Blind field trials in rural New York State indicated 119-m linear error for triangulated coyote calls, and a 1.8-km distance threshold for call detectability, which was sufficient to estimate a detection function with precision using distance sampling. We conducted statewide road-based surveys with sampling locations spaced ≥6 km apart from June to August 2010. Each detected call (be it a single or group) counted as a single object, representing 1 territorial pair, because of uncertainty in the number of vocalizing animals. From 524 survey points and 75 detections, we estimated the probability of detecting a calling coyote to be 0.17 ± 0.02 SE, yielding a detection-corrected index of 0.75 pairs/10 km2 (95% CI: 0.52–1.1, 18.5% CV) for a minimum of 8,133 pairs across rural New York State. Importantly, we consider this an index rather than true estimate of abundance given the unknown probability of coyote availability for detection during our surveys. Even so, pairing distance sampling with call-response surveys provided a novel, efficient, and noninvasive means of monitoring populations of wide-ranging and elusive, albeit reliably vocal, mammalian carnivores. Our approach offers an effective new means of tracking species like coyotes, one that is readily extendable to other species and geographic extents, provided key assumptions of distance sampling are met. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
In 2000, the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) was started in Pennsylvania as an incentive program for farm owners to restore grassland and riparian areas to improve water quality in the Chesapeake Bay. The grassland restoration part of the program is thought to produce high quality habitat for rapidly declining populations of ring-necked pheasants. We used data collected via roadside counts from 2001–2002 and 2009–2010 in a 20-county area in south-central Pennsylvania to determine whether CREP field establishment during that time period affected pheasant populations. Pheasant abundances responded positively to the amount of CREP cover; the change in abundance between the two time-periods increased by 3.2% with every unit increase in the percent CREP coverage within 500 m. Changes in relative abundance increased by an additional 21.9% with every unit increase in the percent CREP coverage within 5,000 m of survey routes, indicating additional benefits of CREP when located in the surrounding landscape. Although pheasant abundances responded positively to CREP, they declined across the area by 52% from the 2001–2002 to 2009–2010 time periods, indicating the overall amount of CREP land was inadequate to reverse the population decline. Because only 6.0% of survey stops currently have conditions necessary to support steady or increasing pheasant populations, the amount of additional CREP coverage needed to reverse population declines in the study area is impractical and will need to be used in combination with other management techniques to be successful. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Disparity among natural resource agencies and the public often arises when white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are managed in suburban areas. To resolve conflicts, managers require information as to why public constituents deem deer management methods acceptable. We surveyed 660 residents in a suburban Illinois county to evaluate attitudes toward 5 deer management methods: archery hunts, gun hunts, sharpshooting, fertility control, and no management. We used the expectancy-value model to determine beliefs and desires regarding outcomes of deer management methods that drove respondent acceptance and rejection toward deer management regimes. We then used multinomial logistic regression models to determine which public beliefs and desires regarding outcomes of each deer management method predicted acceptance of each method. Attitudes of respondents who accepted and rejected each deer management method differed from respondents who were neutral toward the methods (F2,215 = 3.59–17.93; 0.001 ≥ P ≤ 0.029). The variables most influencing beliefs toward lethal methods regarded whether deer will suffer an inhumane or unnatural death due to the management method (Akaike relative weight ω ≥ 0.95). Beliefs that damage to personal property from deer will decrease drove the acceptance of archery hunts and professional sharpshooting (ω ≥ 0.95). Beliefs regarding the number of deer-vehicle collisions decreasing and deer dying an unnatural death had the strongest support for predicting a person's acceptance or rejection of fertility control (ω = 0.98). The desire for a low-cost management technique and deer numbers to remain the same or increase were the strongest predictors for accepting no deer management (ω = 0.96). Although the expectancy-value model offers the framework to identify attitudinal disparities among citizens who accept and reject deer management methods, not all of the variables in each model set provided further information on why attitudes toward each deer management method differed among residents. Understanding respondent beliefs and desires regarding outcomes of deer management methods will ultimately allow managers to guide education, resolve some management disputes, and aid in future management decisions that may increase the effectiveness of a deer management regime. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Evaluating the effectiveness of habitat management actions is critical to adaptive management strategies for conservation of imperiled species. We quantified the response of a Great Basin population of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) to multiple habitat improvement actions aimed to reduce threats and reverse population declines. We used mark-recapture data for 1,394 adult frogs that had been marked by state, federal, and university biologists in 9 ponds representing a single population over a 16-year period from 1997 to 2012. With the use of demographic models, we assessed population-level effects of 1) a grazing exclosure constructed around 6 stock ponds that had been used to water livestock for decades before being fully fenced in 2003, and 2) the construction of 3 new stock ponds in 2003 to provide alternative water sources for livestock and, secondarily, to provide additional frog habitat. These management actions were implemented in response to a decline of more than 80% in population size from 1997 to 2002. We found evidence that excluding cattle from ponds and surrounding riparian habitats resulted in higher levels of frog production (more egg masses), higher adult frog recruitment and survival, and higher population growth rate. We also found that frogs colonized the newly constructed stock ponds within 3 years and frogs began breeding in 2 of them after 5 years. The positive effects of the cattle exclosure and additional production from the new ponds, although notable, did not result in full recovery of the population even 9 years later. This slow recovery may be partly explained by the effects of weather on recruitment rates, particularly the negative effects of harsher winters with late springs and higher fall temperatures. Although our findings point to potential successes of habitat management aimed at slowing or reversing rapidly declining frog populations, our study also suggests that recovering from severe population declines can take many years because of demographic and environmental processes. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Fire restructures plant communities and can be an important modifier of ecosystems. Increases in forage quantity and quality in burned areas attract large ungulates, and may result in changes to animal distributions. In mountainous northern British Columbia where prescribed fire is used to enhance ungulate range, there is concern that expanding elk (Cervus elaphus) populations will move in response to burning into the traditional ranges of another grazing species, Stone's sheep (Ovis dalli stonei), and have adverse effects on them. We compared patterns of resource selection and use by both species on a landscape with 138 prescribed burns varying from 0 to 31 years of age. Seasonal range sizes of global positioning system (GPS)-collared individuals were smallest in winter and late winter and largest in summer for both female Stone's sheep and elk. Both species selected for south aspects and against conifer stands in all seasons. Stone's sheep selected for burned areas in fall, winter, and late winter and selected to be close to a burn in every season except summer. Elk selected for burned areas in every season, with the highest selection for burn-shrub areas. Stone's sheep typically used younger burns, whereas elk were less specific and often used older burns. The highest potential for seasonal overlap in the use of burned areas occurs during winter and late winter, but Stone's sheep and elk at current population levels overlap minimally because they partition their use of the landscape through elevation and topography. Stone's sheep always selected and used steeper rugged terrain than elk, and were at higher elevations, often in rocky areas. Elk avoided alpine and rocky areas, and were at lower elevations than Stone's sheep, on flatter less rugged terrain. We recommend continued monitoring of post-fire effects on resource selection and use by these sympatric grazers, particularly relative to the distribution of expanding elk populations, which could enable competitive interactions and change predator-prey dynamics. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Fragmentation is a growing threat to wildlife worldwide and managers need solutions to reverse its impacts on species' populations. Populations of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), often considered an umbrella and focal species for large mammal conservation, are fragmented by human settlement and major highways in the trans-border region of southern British Columbia, northern Montana, Idaho, and northeastern Washington. To improve prospects for bear movement among 5 small fragmented grizzly bear subpopulations, we asked 2 inter-related questions: Are there preferred linkage habitats for grizzly bears across settled valleys with major highways in the fragmented trans-border region, and if so, could we predict them using a combination of resource selection functions and human settlement patterns? We estimated a resource selection function (RSF) to identify high quality backcountry core habitat and to predict front-country linkage areas using global positioning system (GPS) telemetry locations representing an average of 12 relocations per day from 27 grizzly bears (13F, 14M). We used RSF models and data on human presence (building density) to inform cost surfaces for connectivity network analyses identifying linkage areas based on least-cost path, corridor, and circuit theory methods. We identified 60 trans-border (Canada–USA) linkage areas across all major highways and settlement zones in the Purcell, Selkirk, and Cabinet Mountains encompassing 24% of total highway length. We tested the correspondence of the core and linkage areas predicted from models with grizzly bear use based on bear GPS telemetry locations and movement data. Highway crossings were relatively rare; however, 88% of 122 crossings from 13 of our bears were within predicted linkage areas (mean = 8.3 crossings/bear, SE = 2.8, range 1–31, 3 bears with 1 crossing) indicating bears use linkage habitat that could be predicted with an RSF. Long-term persistence of small fragmented grizzly bear populations will require management of connectivity with larger populations. Linkage areas identified here could inform such efforts. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Most populations of big-headed turtles (Platysternon megacephalum), a species distributed in 6 countries in Southeast Asia, have been heavily depleted because of severe hunting pressure for the food and pet trade. As with many other Southeast Asian turtles, low densities of individuals and few remaining populations have limited our ability to study, and thus understand, the ecology of this stream-dwelling species. We conducted a radiotelemetry study on 31 adult big-headed turtles to investigate their home range, movements, and habitat use. The home ranges of big-headed turtles were small, with a mean 100% home-range length of 97 m and 100% minimum convex polygon size of 996 m2. Movements by male and female big-headed turtles did not differ and both sexes moved longer distances in wet seasons than in dry seasons. Both males and females showed non-random habitat use, preferring to stay in pools rather than in other in-stream or terrestrial habitats. Stream width and depth, and substrate type affected microhabitat use. Big-headed turtles were highly aquatic and movements in terrestrial habitats were rare. Thus, turtle populations are concentrated in streams where they may be easily targeted by illegal trappers. We recommend increasing patrol efforts along streams to remove any traps or fish hooks. Innovative methods, such as installation of infrared-triggered cameras equipped with remote viewing near or along streams, may be needed to tackle illegal turtle trapping effectively. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Intentional provisioning of food and water at specific locations, commonly bird feeders and bird baths, may alter bird and mammal abundance, distribution, and recruitment; yet no studies have examined the indirect effects of resource supplementation on terrestrial reptilian mesopredators such as rattlesnakes. In the southwestern deserts of North America, anecdotal evidence suggests provisioning birds with food and water attracts rattlesnakes to exurban yards, either indirectly by increasing prey availability or directly through attraction to water. We conducted the first experimental test of this hypothesis by providing bird seed, water, or bird seed and water at 2 national monuments in Arizona, USA, and followed the responses of adult western diamond-backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) equipped with radio-transmitters, and endothermic prey species, primarily rodents, birds, and lagomorphs. We found differing responses among prey taxa to supplemental food and water provisioning: rodents showed no response to any treatment, birds responded to food treatments, and lagomorphs responded to water treatments. Overall, spatial responses by adult rattlesnakes were weak, but several subjects appeared to respond to individual treatment grids. We did not find evidence of a direct response by rattlesnakes to supplemental water. Overall, we found little support for the prevalent belief that food and water sources at provisioning stations increase local concentrations of rattlesnakes; we provide several explanations for this counter-intuitive result. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Increasing elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) populations across the West in response to increased demand for recreational and hunting opportunities may have negative, unintended consequences for disease transmission risk. Historically, free-ranging elk populations were not thought to sustain brucellosis (Brucella abortus), but recent studies suggest increasing elk densities may result in free-ranging elk serving as maintenance hosts for the disease. We evaluated spatial variation in elk density, group sizes, and adult female brucellosis seroprevalence in 39 elk management districts in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem using a Bayesian approach. We used modeled relationships to estimate the effects of reducing elk density by 10–90% on grouping patterns and seroprevalence rates. Reducing the density of the 3 highest density elk herds by 10%, 50%, and 90% was predicted to result in a 9%, 39%, and 59% decrease in mean group size, whereas reducing the density of the 3 lowest density elk herds was predicted to result in only a 0%, 0.7%, and 1.3% decrease in mean group size. We estimated seroprevalence rates of 0.01–0.27 across management districts, and seroprevalence increased as elk density increased. For the 7 of 39 management districts with >10% estimated seroprevalence, 10%, 50%, and 90% reductions in elk density resulted in predicted mean seroprevalence reductions of 2%, 7%, and 9%, respectively. For the 14 management districts with ≤1% estimated seroprevalence, 10%, 50%, and 90% reductions in elk density resulted in no measurable change in predicted mean seroprevalence. Our results suggest that elk density has an important effect on elk group sizes, which may influence the risk of brucellosis transmission and resultant exposure rates. Manipulating elk density may in turn affect brucellosis seroprevalence rates. However, debate among the diverse stakeholders involved in elk management on the effectiveness of reducing density, group sizes, and brucellosis exposure rates in elk, relative to other interests and objectives, is necessary prior to manipulation of elk density for this purpose. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Understanding how population density relates to habitat underlies basic ecological theory and is pertinent to conservation issues. Chiru (Pantholops hodgsonii) are an endangered steppe-dwelling ungulate endemic to the Tibetan plateau. To prepare effective conservation and management strategies for this species, we require detailed knowledge of the relationship between group size and habitat conditions. We surveyed the Chang Tang region of Tibet and used data collected along vehicular line transects to record the presence and group size of chiru. Using ecological niche factor analysis, we inferred the ecological requirements of chiru in relation to a large number of topographic, vegetation, and anthropogenic variables. We used these analyses to estimate habitat suitability models and describe their optimum range. Areas favored by chiru had moderate grazing by domestic animals, gentle slopes, and villages present only at lower altitudes. Chiru showed a high level of specialization regarding the presence of villages and gentle slopes, and were negatively associated with areas of those easily accessed by people. We suggest new management measures for the long-term conservation of chiru. Specifically, we focus on the rehabilitation of natural plains for grazing by chiru, recognizing that conservation of large groups may require special efforts. For smaller groups and solitary chiru, the large tracts of unsuitable or marginal areas may expose them to different threats that could pose greater challenges for conservation management. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Selection of parturition sites by wild ungulates involves trade-offs between maximizing forage quality or availability and minimizing predation risk. Previous studies documenting critical lambing habitat of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) have relied on visual observations that can lead to biased results. We used vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) and intensely monitored radiocollared females to 1) accurately identify parturition events for bighorn sheep; 2) quantify habitat selection for parturition events at the macro- and microhabitat scales; and 3) quantify habitat selection of neonate lamb (≤24 hr old) bed sites at the microhabitat scale in the Black Hills, South Dakota. From 2010–2012, we documented 43 parturition and 47 lamb bed sites for microhabitat analysis, and incorporated an additional 28 capture sites where lambs were ≤24 hours old for macrohabitat analysis (n = 71). We found females equipped with VITs increased our ability to identify parturition events 2-fold (67%) over intensely monitored radiocollared ewes (33%), and 82% (58/71) of parturition events occurred outside of previously delineated lambing habitat. Results of model-averaged generalized estimating equations revealed bighorn sheep females selected for relatively flat spaces within rugged terrain, areas that were close to perennial streams, south and west facing slopes, and against anthropogenic disturbance. At the microhabitat scale, neonate lambs tended to select for greater cover in the uphill and downhill directions, and against north facing slopes. We hypothesize the patterns of selection we observed were related to predator-avoidance strategies and increased solar radiation. We recommend managers reassess designated critical lambing habitat previously defined by visual observations, or consider more broad-scale temporal closures to protect parturient habitat. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
There is widespread evidence that multiple drivers of global change, such as habitat degradation, invasive species, and climate change, are influencing wildlife. Understanding how these drivers interact with and affect species may be difficult because outcomes depend on the magnitude and duration of environmental change and the life history of the organism. In addition, various environmental drivers may be evaluated and managed at different spatial scales. We used a historical dataset from 1991 to 1994 and current information from 2010 to 2012 to examine whether occupancy patterns of wintering raptors were consistent with regional changes in distribution or habitat conditions within a local management unit, the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA). We predicted that if local populations reflected regional shifts, then rates of raptor occupancy within the NCA would be higher compared to historical estimates and birds would use different habitats compared to historical use. Alternatively, if local populations were determined by habitat conditions, then we predicted that occupancy rate of raptors within the NCA would be lower compared to historical estimates and current habitat use would be consistent with historical use. Results support the hypothesis that northward distributional shifts influenced wintering raptor populations in southwest Idaho to a greater extent than local habitat conditions. Wintering raptors had higher occupancy rates in 2010–2012 compared to 1991–1994, whereas invasive grasses have increased and native shrubs have decreased suggesting that habitat suitability for raptors has declined over time. On the species level, changes in habitat use were associated with greater increases in occupancy rates in 2010–2012 compared to 1991–1994. Organisms flexible in their habitat use may be better able to respond to continental forces driving distribution shifts. Conversely, habitat or prey specialists may be poorly equipped to handle such rapid, large-scale global change. Further, Grinnellian niche models predicting species response to change by mapping current habitat use to forecasted vegetation maps should consider plasticity in habitat use and changes in the cost-benefits of life-history strategies. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Diet selection theory predicts that selective foraging by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) may reduce palatable and nutritious plants when high-quality food resources are available or deer densities are high. Our objectives were to determine if providing a high-quality food resource ad libitum and increasing deer densities 1) reduced standing crop and nutritional quality of forbs and 2) altered standing crop and nutritional quality of grasses and shrubs. We used 6 81-ha controlled-density enclosures on each of 2 study sites in southern Texas with deer densities considered low (12 deer/km2), medium (31 deer/km2), and high (50 deer/km2) relative to the range of population estimates for white-tailed deer in the Rio Grande Plains of Texas. For each pair of enclosures with the same deer density at each study site, we provided white-tailed deer in 1 enclosure high-quality pelletized feed ad libitum and did not provide feed (control) in the other enclosure. During spring and summer 2004–2012, we estimated standing crop of forage in 40 0.25-m2 × 1.5-m volumetric plots/enclosure and we harvested 20 randomly selected plots/enclosure, which we dried to convert wet mass estimates to dry mass. Availability of high-quality pelletized food and deer density did not affect (P ≥ 0.392) forb standing crop during spring and summer. Forb, browse, and grass standing crop and nutritional quality varied (P < 0.001) with precipitation among years. Enclosures with low deer densities had lower forb crude protein than those with higher densities (P < 0.034) during summer in drought years (2006, 2009, and 2011). Enclosures with high-quality pelletized food tended to have lower browse crude protein than controls (sampling date × feeding treatment interaction, P = 0.051) in spring during 2006 and 2007. Variable and limited rainfall had a more pronounced effect on variation in vegetation standing crop than white-tailed deer foraging regardless of food resource availability or deer density. Vegetation responses were more complex than can be predicted by traditional theory on diet selection in part because of the pronounced effect of variation in rainfall on vegetation standing crop. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Attempts to control predator numbers through spatially restricted culling typically faces a compensation process via immigration from surrounding source populations. To extend control effort to avoid this issue is in most instances impractical, both logistically and financially. Evidence-based strategy is therefore required to improve management practices. In close collaboration with local managers and hunters, we manipulated culling effort on red fox (Vulpes vulpes) over 5–6 years in 5 areas measuring 246 ± 53 km2. We estimated fox density in late February each year by spotlight counts with distance sampling and estimated reproductive performance by post-mortem examination of culled foxes. We then used mixed modeling to assess how culling rate (defined as foxes killed/foxes available) affected fox population growth from year to year, accounting for compensatory feedbacks. We found a strong compensatory density feedback acting through immigration, allowing red fox populations to resist high culling rates. Culling appeared ineffective at reducing late winter densities to below 25–32% of the estimated carrying capacity. On average, an annual culling rate equivalent to about 45% of the pre-breeding population was required to maintain density at 1 fox/km2, given a carrying capacity of 1.5 foxes/km2, although there was considerable variation among sites. The required culling rate dropped to 25% if the culling could be performed during winter, after the fox dispersal period. In contrast, culling during the pre-dispersal breeding period was totally compensated for through immigration by the following February. Concentrating culling during the winter could improve the ability of practitioners to control year-to-year trends in fox numbers, taking into account site-specific carrying capacity. A winter strategy would also reduce the number of animals killed and hence the ethical and logistical costs of fox control, given limited financial and human resources. Our study illustrates how collaboration between local practitioners and scientists can make large-scale replicated management experiments achievable, leading to mutually approved guidelines. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
One of the most effective means of minimizing mortalities of large raptors from collisions with hazards is to locate hazards away from major activity centers. A reliable means of delineating bird activity centers on the landscape has been a significant impediment to progress in proactive infrastructure planning. We used Brownian bridge movement modeling to develop a population-wide, utilization probability surface for bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) within the upper Chesapeake Bay. We used locations (n = 320,304) for individuals (n = 63) tracked with global positioning system (GPS) satellite transmitters between 2007 and 2011 in the analysis. We intersected the electrical network on the probability surface within Aberdeen Proving Ground, a 350-km2 military installation to identify overlap between power lines and eagle activity centers. We also overlaid locations of eagle mortalities attributed to the lines (n = 67) on the installation to assess the relationship between mortality rates and utilization probabilities. Areas of high bald eagle use were relatively rare on the landscape with only 0.1% and 5% of the area accounting for 10% and 30% of estimated utilization. Most electric lines were along roads and distributed away from eagle activity centers, with only 0.3% of lines located within areas with the highest estimated eagle use. Eagle mortalities were highly skewed to lines that overlapped with eagle activity centers. Eagle mortality rates (birds/100 km/yr) were 42 times higher along lines associated with the highest 10% of eagle use compared to lines associated with the lowest 10% use, suggesting that estimated utilization may be an effective proxy for mortality risk associated with electric line hazards. The majority (71.9%) of high-use bald eagle areas delineated within the study area have no existing electric lines. Utilization probabilities may be a potential tool for site-specific infrastructure planning. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
There is a widely held assumption that outdoor experiences are a key precursor to pro-environmental behavior (PEB). We tested the hypothesis that wildlife recreationists are more likely than non-recreationists to voluntarily engage in different types of PEB, grouped as conservation behaviors and environmental lifestyle behaviors. Via mail and web-based surveys of rural New York residents (n = 941), we compared the self-reported PEBs of 4 types of recreationists: hunters, birdwatchers, hunter–birdwatchers (i.e., individuals who regularly engaged in both activities), and non-nature-based recreationists. We statistically controlled for group differences in socio-demographic characteristics and environmental beliefs. We found wildlife recreationists—both hunters and birdwatchers—were 4–5 times more likely than non-recreationists to engage in conservation behaviors, which included a suite of activities such as donating to support local conservation efforts, enhancing wildlife habitat on public lands, advocating for wildlife recreation, and participating in local environmental groups. Moreover, effects were additive; hunter–birdwatchers had the greatest likelihood of engaging in all types of conservation behaviors. On the other hand, engagement in environmental lifestyle behaviors such as recycling, energy conservation, and green purchasing were roughly comparable among all types of wildlife recreationists and non-recreationists. Our findings of elevated rates of conservation behaviors among hunters and birdwatchers despite different demographic attributes and environmental beliefs highlight the similar conservation potential associated with different types of wildlife recreation. Diversified strategies that include programs to encourage both hunting and birdwatching are likely to bring about long-term gains for conservation. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Oak savanna, once widespread across central North America, has functionally vanished from most of its range because of land conversion or fire suppression, but much oak savanna remains in the Cross Timbers ecoregion of the south-central United States. We quantified avian habitat associations across a gradient from open oak savanna to woodland, to closed canopy forest in the Cross Timbers of southeastern Kansas. We surveyed breeding bird species in 2012 and 2013 and modeled species-specific occupancy in relation to habitat variables. Several species, including the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), Bewick's wren (Thryomanes bewickii), northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), field sparrow (Spizella pusilla), dickcissel (Spiza americana), and orchard oriole (Icterus spurius) were associated with lower levels of tree density or canopy cover (i.e., savanna-woodland). Species associated with greater levels of tree density or canopy cover at some spatial scale included eastern wood-pewee (Contopus virens), white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), blue-gray gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), and indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea). Occupancy of eastern wood-pewee and blue grosbeak (Passerina caerulea) were highest at intermediate levels of canopy cover (50-m radius) and tree density, respectively. Occupancies of eastern wood-pewee, northern mockingbird, lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus), indigo bunting, and brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) were variously related to shrub density, which was unrelated to tree cover or density across the savanna-forest gradient. We expect the savanna-associated species would benefit from reduction in tree density to savanna-like habitat (tree canopy cover ≤25%) within forests that were formerly savanna. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
The abundance of low-density species like carnivores is logistically difficult to directly estimate at a meaningful scale. Predictive distribution models are often used as a surrogate for density estimation. But because density can continue to increase as occupancy asymptotes at 1, occupancy may have little value as an index, and home range expansion in marginal habitat may further confound the association. We sought to estimate bobcat population size at a landscape scale (14,286 km2) in central Wisconsin, which provided an opportunity to relate predicted occurrence to individual space use and population density. We sampled bobcats using motion-sensitive trail cameras at 9 arrays across central Wisconsin. We estimated bobcat site-specific occupancy, and regressed these estimates as linear or asymptotic functions of site-specific density to determine the strength and shape of their association. We subsequently modeled both parameters relative to habitat covariates and repeated the regression process. A linear functional relationship between density and occupancy was most supported when detection parameters were held constant (wi= 0.97, R2 = 0.72) and when detection, occurrence, and density were modeled as a function of habitat covariates (wi= 0.99, R2 = 0.95). This suggests that repeated presence-absence data alone may be an efficient and reliable method for inferring spatial patterns in bobcat density or identifying habitat types with greater density potential in the northern parts of its range. Bobcat occupancy and density were both positively associated with surrounding woody cover and wetland edge density. Our most supported spatially explicit capture-recapture model estimated bobcat abundance as 362 adult individuals (95% CI 272–490) across the study area. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Wildlife home ranges continue to be a common spatial unit for modeling animal habitat selection. Telemetry data are increasing in spatial and temporal detail and new methods are being developed to incorporate fine resolution data into home range delineation. We extended a previously developed home range estimation technique that incorporates theory from time geography, the potential path area (PPA) home range, to allow the home range to be defined at multiple spatial scales depending on the observed rate of movement within the data. The benefits of this approach are demonstrated with a simulation study, which uses multi-state correlated random walks to represent dynamic movement phases to compare the modified PPA home range technique with a suite of other home range estimation methods (PPA home range, kernel density estimation, Brownian bridges, and dynamic Brownian bridges). We used a case study on caribou (Rangifer tarandus) movement from northern Canada to highlight the value of this approach for characterizing habitat conditions associated with wildlife habitat analysis. We used a simple habitat covariate, percent forest cover, to explore the potential for misleading habitat estimates when home ranges do not include potentially visited locations (omission area) or include areas not possibly visited (commission area). We highlight the advantages of the dynamic PPA home range in the context of quantifying omission and commission areas in other home range techniques. Finally, we provide our R code for calculating dynamic PPA home range estimates. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Presence–absence (detection/non-detection) data are routinely collected in wildlife studies where identification of individuals is impossible or impractical and where the detection method may be able to detect only the presence of an individual rather than a count (e.g., track or scat surveys). Estimating population density from presence–absence data usually is assumed to be difficult or impossible unless certain restrictive assumptions are made or supplementary information is collected. Recently, Chandler and Royle (2013) presented an extension of a spatially explicit capture–recapture model that estimates population density from spatially replicated counts in unmarked populations. We extended the model of Chandler and Royle (2013) to situations where only presence–absence data can be collected. The model assumes that individuals can be detected at multiple sample units, producing spatially correlated detections. A spatially explicit model of the detection process is then fit to the correlated detection data using Bayesian methods. We report on the performance of the model using simulation and illustrate its use with a practical example estimating the abundance and density of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from remote camera surveys in the Grampians National Park in southeastern Australia. Results from simulations suggest the model produces unbiased estimates of density if device spacing is less than the radial length of a typical home range and the number of encounter occasions is high (i.e., at least 10). Application of the model to camera detection data from foxes in the Grampians National Park resulted in an estimated density of 0.22 foxes/km2 (95% CI: 0.16–0.53). For this dataset, precision of the density and detection parameter estimates were increased by the use of an informative prior distribution for the home-range-scale parameter. The current model should apply widely to a range of sampling situations that result in spatially correlated detection/non-detection data such as bait take, scat surveys, tracking stations, and chew cards, to name a few. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
The Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) suffered a striking collapse of its populations during the first half of the 20th century due to excessive hunting. In Andalusia, southern Spain, re-colonization took place from a few relict populations through natural dispersal, and through artificial reintroductions for big-game hunting. How the population decline influenced genetic diversity, and its current distribution after the re-colonization and intensive hunting practices are unclear. We addressed these questions by analyzing nuclear microsatellite variability from 58 red deer populations distributed throughout Andalusia. Our results showed a relatively high genetic variability spatially structured into 5 clusters, corresponding to the locations of relict populations. This indicates that the red deer's current genetic background has presumably retained much of the genetic variation present in those relict populations. We also found that a substantial portion (32%) of the populations displays some degree of inbreeding. We suggest that new herds should be established using individuals from the different genetic clusters, and a careful monitoring of the breeder's genetic background to prevent further inbreeding and inadvertent hybridization. Failure to do so could lead to loss of genetic diversity and the dilution of the genetic identity of the Iberian red deer. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
We tracked 122 female moose in northwestern Ontario, Canada, using global positioning system (GPS) radio-collars between 1995 and 2001. We used step-selection functions (SSF) to evaluate changes in moose habitat selection as a function of temperature across seasons (summer and winter), stand types, and stand heights. We obtained mean activity levels of moose within stand types and across seasons from motion sensors in the collars. Selection increased for aquatic stand types as a function of temperature across both summer and winter. Selection for stand height was also temperature-dependent, with tall stands being most favored at warm temperatures and least favored at cold temperatures. Moose activity levels increased slightly at higher temperatures during the winter but were mostly constant, whereas summer activity declined significantly with increasing temperature. Seasonal activity levels were mostly constant within habitats, but activity was consistently higher in aquatic habitats compared to woody habitats, with the highest mean activity levels observed when moose were located in open water and marshes during the summer. Our findings corroborate the work of others that moose primarily select habitat based on documented foraging requirements, whereas they may alter mid-day selection for specific stand types providing thermal cover under varied temperatures, indicating a behavioral response to thermoregulatory needs. Increased activity levels at low summer temperatures, and in habitats found to provide thermal cover, support the conclusion that moose may alter their activity to alleviate heat stress, and that temperature-mediated changes in habitat selection may facilitate otherwise energetically costly behavior (e.g., movement). © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
We compared the number of avian species detected and the sampling effort during fatality monitoring at 50 North American wind facilities. Facilities with short intervals between sampling events and high effort detected more species, but many facilities appeared undersampled. Species accumulation curves for 2 wind facilities studied for more than 1 year had yet to reach an asymptote. The monitoring effort that is typically invested is likely inadequate to identify all of the species killed by wind turbines. This may understate impacts for rare species of conservation concern that collide infrequently with turbines but suffer disproportionate consequences from those fatalities. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.


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No-Sew Sunburst Christmas Tree Skirt
Felt is a perfect fabric for no-sew holiday projects because raw edges won't fray. This tree skirt looks complicated, but it's actually made with straight cuts and fabric glue, so it's a quick craft to tackle during the busy holiday season.
By: Marian Parson
Materials Needed:
- 3 yards red felt
- 2 yards white felt
- 2 bottles fabric or felt glue
- scissors
- rotary cutter
- cutting mat
- clear ruler
- pencil
- length of string
Cut Tree Skirt Base
Cut a 48" square out of red felt. Fold square piece of felt in half, then in half again. Tie length of string around pencil tip. Press string into corner of felt where folds meet and extend string until tight, then trace a quarter circle on felt (Image 1). Cut along pencil line, then cut corner where folds meet in a quarter circle pattern to create a hole for the tree trunk (Image 2). When felt is unfolded, it should be a circle with a hole in the middle. Use scissors to cut a straight slit from skirt edge to center hole, so skirt can be easily slid around tree trunk (Image 3).
Drawing Pattern on Felt For Sunburst Christmas Tree Skirt
Cut a 48" square out of red felt to begin the Christmas tree skirt. Fold the square piece of felt in half, then in half again. Tie a short length of string around pencil tip. Press the string into corner of felt where folds meet and extend the string until tight, then trace a quarter circle on felt to create a pattern to cut for the tree trunk.
Cut Felt Strips
Using a rotary cutter, clear ruler and cutting mat, cut remaining red felt and all of the white felt into 3" wide strips (Image 1). Then cut each strip into 4" lengths, leaving about 1/4" of felt attached along top of strip to create an oversized fringe (Image 2).
Glue Fringe to Skirt
Starting at the outside edge of skirt, apply a bead of fabric or felt glue (Image 1). Press connected edge of red felt fringe into glue (Image 1). Repeat until one full row is completed. Apply another bead of glue approximately 2-1/2" inches above top of first row and press connected edge of white fringe into glue until that row is completed making sure the white row of fringe overlaps the first row of red fringe. Continue this process until entire skirt is covered in fringe, creating a sunburst pattern with a nod to classic holiday sweets — candy canes and peppermints (Image 2). Tip: Allow fabric glue to completely dry before moving or handling tree skirt. If desired, rows of felt fringe can be sewn to skirt. Once dry, slide skirt around base of tree, positioning the slit in the back (Image 3).
Sunburst Christmas Tree Skirt
Apply a bead of glue approximately 2-1/2" inches above the top of the first row and press the connected edge of the white fringe into the glue until that row is completed, making sure the white row of fringe overlaps the first row of red fringe. Continue this process until the entire skirt is covered in fringe, creating a sunburst pattern with a nod to classic holiday sweets — candy canes and peppermints
Christmas Tree With Red and White Felt Skirt
Add a sweet touch to your decorations by gluing or stitching up this playful felt Christmas tree skirt. Felt is perfect for this project because it's inexpensive and doesn't fray when cut. Learn how to easy it is to make one of your own with HGTV's step-by-step instructions.
Next Up
How to Make a Leather Flower Pin or Clip
With just a little creativity, you can turn a scrap piece of leather into a fashion-forward pin or hair clip that makes a sweet handmade gift you can give any time of year.
Personalized Stamp Kit and Stationery
Create a handy gift for personalizing stationery or other paper goods.
Recycled Sweater Scarf
Create a knit-style scarf without actually knitting by cleverly repurposing sweaters.
Christmas Kids' Craft: Walnut Santa Ornament
Some of the sweetest Christmas tree ornaments are the ones made by the littlest crafters. This retro kids' craft is a whimsical and fun interpretation of Santa Claus that can be made with common craft supplies in just a few minutes.
Handmade Pop-Up Christmas Card
Surprise family and friends with an easy-to-create holiday card with a pop-up message tucked inside.
Handmade Christmas Tree Card
Surprise friends and family with this cute, easy-to-create handmade holiday card. Trendy patterns and traditional Christmas colors really make it pop.
Feliz Navidad Handmade Holiday Card
Layer ribbon and fabric trims to create a colorful pinata-inspired handmade Christmas card.
Handmade Holiday Cards
Make handmade cards this year to hold your warm holiday greetings.
Found Object Wine Stoppers
Turn vintage doorknobs, sports paraphernalia and other interesting objects into eye-catching bottle stoppers in just a few steps.
Personalized Bottle Cap Necklace
Create a one-of-a-kind necklace for your favorite 'tween or teen. This is a great craft project for an older child to create on their own or with a little little help from a cool and crafty adult.
More from: Handmade Holidays
Best of Handmade Holidays
- 55 Handmade Gift Ideas
- Our Fave Crafty Holiday Decorating Ideas
- 50 Christmas Crafts for Kids
- 40 Homemade Food Gifts
- 15 Vintage Gift Ideas
- 40 Crafty Gift Wrap Ideas
- 16 Handmade Holiday Cards
50+ Printable (and Free!) Christmas Templates
Jump-start your Christmas crafting with our printable gift tags, handmade cards, party favors, kids' crafts, decorations and more.
More Holiday Inspiration
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Union Elementary School principal won't be back
MONTPELIER — Union Elementary School Principal Owen Bradley will resign at the end of this school year.
School board Chairwoman Sue Aldrich said Bradley has worked with the district since 2010 and has had his contract renewed in the past.
Administrator contracts in the district last for one year at a time.
School board member Lowell VanDerlip said the board held two executive sessions this year in which it discussed the issue. He said the board used a "personnel" exemption in the state open meetings law to keep the discussions private. Boards can talk privately about certain aspects of employees, such as their contracts, evaluations and disciplinary or dismissal actions.
School board members declined to elaborate on details of the case.
The resignation comes before Superintendent Brian Ricca was able to issue a recommendation on whether to renew Bradley's contract, VanDerlip said.
Bradley was previously the Twinfield Union School principal.MORE IN This Just InNEW YORK Emergency workers found a body Sunday in the mass of rubble left behind by an apparent... Full StoryHALIFAX, Nova Scotia An Air Canada plane made a hard landing short of the runway at the Halifax... Full StoryWASHINGTON The National Security Agency considered abandoning its secret program to collect and... Full Story
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text:
Gabriel Iglesias - Im Not Fat Im Fluffy-(2009)-M3L3X mp4
seeders: 0
leechers: 0
Added on Nov 15, 2009 in Movies
Torrent verified. Downloaded 0 times.
Cast: Gabriel Iglesias and others
Gabriel Iglesias returns to the stage in this all-new comedy special where he performs in front of a packed house at the historic Plaza Theatre in El Paso, Texas. Go to the restroom before you watch this and be ready to watch it again and again. I'm Not Fat...I'm Fluffy will be a classic!!!
Written by AbdullahRauf831
Gabriel Iglesias - Im Not Fat Im Fluffy-(2009)-M3L3X mp4 (Size: 1.26 GB)
Category: Movies
Subcategory: Comedy
Size: 1.26 gigabyte
Ratio: 0 seeds, 0 leechers
Language: English
Uploaded by: Unknown
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All Comments
scollardp52 • 24 January 2015, 05:01
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audio: 9video: 9
Its hilarious and great quality!
Burly.6550 • 16 November 2014, 21:03
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Good for many laughs. Thank you for the share...
anonymous • 21 October 2014, 09:53 Show comment
audio: 10video: 10
Hilarious :D Thanx for the upload :)
BlkCasper21 • 29 September 2014, 12:22
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audio: 9video: 9
Awesome Movie/Stand Up!! He is absolutely the best!!
Earthnut1688 • 07 August 2014, 17:38
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Good audio and video, thank you.
brianisbored30 • 03 November 2013, 04:56
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audio: 10video: 10
super funny, awesome quality as well.
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Moon Posters
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Court helps Muslim woman to live with Hindu husbandComing to the aid of a young Muslim woman who alleged threats from her family after she married a Hindu, the Delhi High Court has allowed them to live together.Justice Sanjeev Khanna and Justice Ashutosh Kumar told the woman's parents not to interfere in her ... Prokerala, 10 hours ago
Delhi HC helps Muslim girl live with Hindu husband - Sify, 10 hours ago
Delhi HC helps Muslim woman live with Hindu husband - Times of India, 9 hours ago
3,717 images for family court
I was driving, says Salman's driver Ashok Singh
Ashok Singh, the family driver of Bollywood star Salman Khan, today told the sessions court here that it was he and not the actor who was driving at the time of the 2002 hit-and-run accident in which one person was killed and four others were injured. Khan, ...Sify, 2 days ago I Was Driving, Says Salman Khan's Driver Ashok Singh Outlook, 2 days ago Salman's driver confesses to hit-and-run accident Deccan Herald, 2 days ago 2002 hit-&-run case: Salman's driver corroborates actor's testimony, says was driving car Deccan chronicle, 2 days ago
Family or not, 66A gene runs in Cong
Many Congress leaders have turned amnesiac over Section 66A, the clause that was struck down by the Supreme Court on Tuesday, while some have shown signs of selective recovery. But what cannot be cloaked in the mist of forgetfulness is that it was under ...The Telegraph, 6 days ago Palghar girls, once arrested under section 66A, welcome Supreme Court order DNA India, 1 week ago Law student who worked the wonder Deccan Herald, 1 week ago Palghar girls, families welcome SC verdict The Hindu, 1 week ago
Family Court premises no place for non-custodian parents to spend time with their kids: PIL
Children of parents locked in divorce proceedings or already separated suffer much more beyond the turmoil in their respective homes. Since the children remain in the custody of one of the parents, most of them get to meet the other parent in the cramped ...DNA, 1 week ago PIL filed over difficulties faced by non-custodian parents, children while meeting at family courts Indian Express, 1 week ago
Court grants 63 lakh to victim's kin
Family members of a 33-year-old man, who died in a road accident involving a rashly driven vehicle in 2013, was awarded a compensation of over Rs 63 lakh by a Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT)Times of India, 1 week ago Victim's kin get Rs 6 lakh relief in road mishap Asian Age, 1 week ago Sweetmaker ordered to pay compensation Deccan Herald, 2 weeks ago Rs 3 lakh for death in custody The Telegraph, 1 month ago
Delhi man discharged in harassment case as wife fails to testify
A man along with his family members, accused of harassing and torturing his wife, have been discharged by a Delhi court which noted that the woman's non-appearance before it shows she was not interested in pursuing the case. Observing that despite being ...Zee News, 2 weeks ago Husband duty-bound to maintain wife and minor child: Delhi Court DNA India, 1 week ago
BBC film has hurt India's pride, says Dec 16 gangrape victim's family
"I am surprised that BBC aired its documentary and it was later uploaded on YouTube in spite of the court's restraining order. BBC hurt the pride of India," the rape victim's father said. Asked about his reaction to the airing of the documentary "India's D ...India Today, 3 weeks ago Pathribal anniversary: Victim families vow to fight for justice Greater Kashmir, 1 week ago BBC has hurt India's pride: December 16 rape victim's family Prokerala, 3 weeks ago Hang the convict: Family of December 16 rape victim Prokerala, 4 weeks ago
Suspected Uighurs must remain in Thai detention: Court
A family of suspected Uighur Muslims at the centre of a diplomatic tussle between China and Turkey must remain in detention until their true nationalities are proven, a Thai court ruled Friday. The case is being closely monitored because any eventual outcome ...Zee News, 5 days ago
After the grief of air disasters, the legal battles begin
When the shock of losing loved ones in an air disaster starts to subside, grieving families often turn to courts for justice and compensation to rebuild their lives.Zee News, 1 week ago
Five of family get seven years jail
Comment · print · T T T+· T- The Mahila Court on Tuesday convicted and sentenced a family of five persons, a couple, their two sons and a daughter-in-law, to seven years imprisonment in a dowry harassment case. According to ...The Hindu, 1 week ago
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Columbus Blue Jackets' Sergei Bobrovsky Deserving Of Vezina Trophy Win
Columbus Blue Jackets goaltender Sergei Bobrovsky made history on Saturday night, becoming the first Russian to take home the Vezina Trophy as the NHL's top goaltender. Bobrovsky earned the honor after a stellar season in which he almost singlehandedly led Columbus to within a few games of what would have been their second playoff appearance in franchise history.
The Vezina win should only drive up Bobrovsky's asking price, but is also a testament to how important it is that the Blue Jackets re-sign the free agent netminder. Rumors continue to swirl that Bobrovsky is also considering a deal in the KHL, but a desire to help finish what he started with the Blue Jackets should keep him in North America if the price is right.
Bobrovsky won 21 games this season, including an impressive 8-0-2 run in March and an 8-1-0 run in April. His .932 save percentage was the second-best in the league, and he was fifth with a 2.00 goals-against average. Beating out established veterans Henrik Lundqvist of the New York Rangers and Antti Niemi of the San Jose Sharks for the Vezina shows just how far the 24-year-old goaltender has come, and he has repeatedly stated his desire to show that this was only the beginning. Bobrovksy had experienced some success earlier in his career with the Philadelphia Flyers, but few were prepared fro what he did for the Blue Jackets this season. While Niemi and Lundqvist put together impressive seasons of their own, it's hard to argue either deserved the award more than Bobrovsky. In 121 career appearances, he now sports a 63-34-16 record and a 2.49 goals-against average.
Jonathan Katje is an NHL senior writer for Rant Sports. You can follow him on Twitter or add him to your circles on Google Plus.
Devils Should Say No To Ilya Kovalchuk
Ilya Kovalchuk rumors are popping up once again. This time, there may be some truth to the fact the New Jersey Devils would welcome him back. They should reconsider. Read More
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The New Jersey Devils go into this offseason with a lot of work to do. They should check the trade market to see if they can get an available star. Read More
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The New York Rangers may have lost three of their last four games, but it is how they have lost them that is causing concern with the playoffs two weeks away. Read More
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The New Jersey Devils are experiencing their worst playoff drought since the first time they've made the playoffs. They need major work this offseason. Read More
Islanders Regain Early-Season Form In Critical Win
The New York Islanders played the way they did in October and the result was a win over the Detroit Red Wings. Maintaining this form is key heading toward the playoffs. Read More
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The NHL playoffs usually produce some amazing series, but sometimes there are matchups that produce a clear winner. These five teams are vulnerable to that. Read More
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NY Islanders Fail to Rebound Against Kings
The New York Islanders look like a playoff team at times, but are too often losing the game late. Read More


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Cluess to take over Iona program
In a bold move that the school hopes pays big dividends, Iona confirmed reports on Wednesday that it has hired C.W. Post's Tim Cluess to be its next men's head basketball coach.
An official announcement will happen on Thursday while a press conference will follow on Friday at 11 a.m. on the New Rochelle campus.
Widely regarded as the one of the top tacticians in the New York metropolitan area, Cluess will inherit a Gaels team ready to win immediately. Iona went 21-10 last year under former coach Kevin Willard, who recently replaced Bobby Gonzalez at Seton Hall. The Gaels will also return one of the best guards in the conference in sophomore Scott Machado.
The decision to hire Cluess over Louisville assistant Steve Masiello was a strong indication that Iona athletic director Pat Lyons wanted a proven head coach for the position. Even though he's been at a Division II school the past four seasons, Cluess has accomplished what can be called nothing short of remarkable.
After inheriting a team that went on to finish below .500 in his first season, Cluess posted a 98-23 record over a four-year period at C.W. Post, highlighted by a 30-1 mark in 2008-09. This past year, Cluess guided his team to a 23-6 record in which they won 19 of their final 21 games.
Prior to coaching on the college level, Cluess spent 19 years as head coach of St. Mary's High School in Manhasset.
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Hearthstone Management Services
10880 SW Davies Rd
Beaverton, OR 97008
Phone: 971-235-3314
Fax: N/A
100 - 249
5 - 10 Million
Services->Other Consulting
SIC Code:
8742 - Management Consulting Services
Full company description is available with the free trial.
Additional Info:
This member of the Other consulting industry is located in Beaverton, OR and you can find important contact information regarding significant company contacts on their Lead411 profile like linkedin, phone numbers, facebook and cfo details. The profile also contains Hearthstone Management Services email addresses which have a domain of @hearthstonealc.com format. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
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3-Sc Co, a business led by CEO , is part of the Other consulting industry. 3-Sc Co email with the @3sccompany.com format, you can check their Lead411 profile. They hold their main office in Springfield, OR and more data like cfo contacts and linkedin data can be found within our profiles. If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@example.com addresses.
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Company Directory > Hearthstone Management Services


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BEAM & SMITTY drop da hook on BRAND NEW!!! Killa Kyleon a take on 2pac's Death Around the Corner, wit new artist out of houston Tx and the Bay Area Frank Cae...
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We were in Mahebourg for Christmas Eve, and this place was offering venison.
What to say? Over-priced and really bland food pitched at euro-pallets. We had much more fun and much better value at local places like The Kimberley.
a very nice and relaxing meal right on the Mahebourg waterfront - lovely ambience. The second best Mauritian food we tried on the island (Best was Canne a Sucre in Flic En Flac).
Restaurant was just busy enough, but not noisy. Lovely outside seating with view over harbour.
Food was very good - traditional creole style sausages absolutely delicious, curries...
Good food and great scenery. Centrally placed down at the harbour. Nice service and a lot to choose from.
The most expensive spot in Mahebourg, we literally had a few beers only to get a bill that shocked the daylight out of us. This place insists you pay cash and charges 3 x the average price of a local beer! Felt like we were ripped off badly which leaves a bad taste in your mouth. Would hate to know...
We had a nice and relaxing diner (very quiet in the restaurant).
The food was fine and the wine glasses nicely filled. The only thing that we found a bit overpriced, were the starters. We had a simple palm salad, which was pretty much the same price as the curry for the main course.
Vinaye was one of the best we`ve had on the island, and location is really wonderful. Correct prices also
Stumbled on this place and delighted we did. Superb menu selection with many French/Mauritian/Seafood dishes and the Crab Gratin was out of this world. To be remembered for a long time. Service very pleasant - karaoke entertainment slightly unnecessary!
First night there was perfect including the old Mauritian and French songs from yesteryear. Mauritian Starters A1. Good meal with deer and boar.
Second night we overdid the Mauritius starters and we had no appetite left but food was excellent including sea food gratin.
Bit of a bohemian or laissez faire ambiance. .pleasant
Definitely worth one visit. ..
Good choice of dishes - I was accompanied by a Mauritienne who approved of the variety of local and global choices. Chips were the best I've eaten in years. Desserts delicious. Prices seemed fair to me - I wasn't paying.
The live singing was pleasant - we were seated outside; don't know if it would have been intrusive inside.
We had an excellent meal at a nice location. When the bill came we had an unplesant surprise. The bill was twice what we expected. When we checked it we noticed that our dessert was charged three times and that the total amount was 600 rupees higher than anything we found on the check. When we spoke to the staff...
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should a kid that is a bully ever be considered a role model by the school?
my kid was bullied a year ago, where two girls ripped my daughters shirt from her body , and tried to drag her out of the girls dressing room.there was no teacher present in the dressing room ( he is a guy teacher) . they made her dress the rest of the year in his office and had 4th grade monitors instead of teachers or adults watching for trouble. I recently was at a school assembly on Friday and the principle announced the new school council members and called them role models that they( being all students) should try to be like the council members and low and behold there was my child's bully! I was in shock and preceded to call the school and school board to find out how they could ever consider her a role model for our school after what she did to my child. i am waiting for the call from the school board to see why and what they intend to do. I would like to sue them for this atrocity.In Topics: Children and stress
> 60 days ago
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Our special coverage of the closest race for years
Fault Lines on the city's homelessness crisis
25 Oct 2012 17:40 GMT | Business & Economy, Europe, Belgium, Turkey, United Kingdom
The French government has bailed out Peugeot Citroen with a $9.1bn loan, and in Belgium and the UK, US carmaker Ford also announced factory closures.
Thursday saw talks between the French state and the carmaker Peugeot over the loan. In return for the bailout, the government wants a position on the firm's supervisory board alongside a workers' union representative, with the aim to avoid huge job cuts that will be all the more damaging with unemployment already over 10 per cent.
Ford confirmed it was planning to shut two British sites next year with the loss of at least 1,500 jobs.
Production of the transit van is being shifted to Turkey from Ford's Southampton plant in southern England.
Al Jazeera's Nadim Baba reports from Paris.
Source: Al Jazeera
Thousands fear for careers as US car firm says factory in Genk to close by 2014, with production moved to Spain.
Business & Economy, Europe, Belgium, Spain
More than 200 potential victims of sexual abuse and harassment by staff, including Jimmy Savile, have been identified.
Arts & Culture, Europe
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The clear-cutting of forests is thought to have played a role in Malaysia's worst flooding in decades.
Environment, Asia Pacific, Malaysia
Activists in the Czech Republic demand that a pig farm built over a former WWII era concentration camp be shut down.
Politics, War & Conflict, Human Rights
In religiously conservative Brazil, women risk jail time and their lives to undergo the procedure that is illegal but commonplace.
Health, Human Rights, Latin America
Trash is a fast-growing import in the Scandinavian country, which turns it into heat for people's homes.
Environment, Europe, Sweden
At least 15 killed and 65 wounded as al-Shabab gunmen storm university complex in northeastern town of Garissa.
War & Conflict, Africa
At least 30 soldiers and gunmen killed along with two civilians in ambushes on security checkpoints.
War & Conflict, Middle East, Egypt
When big pharma blocks essential HIV/AIDS medication to the third world, it is the poor who suffer.
Human Rights, Science & Technology, Health
We follow the rise of Malaysia's first professional female mixed martial artist as she faces the fight of her life.
Sport, Asia, Malaysia
Al Jazeera World follows the everyday lives of Aleppo residents living amid the ongoing conflict and destruction.
War & Conflict, Politics, Syria: Broken Nation
Persecuted Rohingya Muslims fleeing Myanmar face a dangerous journey on their way to freedom in Thailand and Malaysia.
Human Rights, Malaysia, Myanmar


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Designer Patterned Sweat Jacket with Removable HoodItem # HN-PTF016
- Lightweight dog jacket with removable hood
- Faux fur hood trim and back pocket
- Stuffed with Thinsulate insulation for warmth
- Smooth sueded fabric with diamond stitching
- Choose from various sizes and colors
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Barack Obama Is Going To Take Care Of You? He Doesn't Even Take Care Of His Own Family
Barack Obama's net worth is almost: 12 million dollars. So why does his own brotherhave to beg for money to pay for his son's hospital bills?
A few days ago I received a call from a man I recently met named George. He was a bit flustered, and soon informed me that his young son was sick with a chest condition. He pleaded with me to send him $1,000 to cover the medical bills. Since George was at the hospital I asked him to let me speak to a nurse, and she confirmed that George's son was indeed ill. So I agreed to send George the money through Western Union. He was profusely grateful. But before I hung up I asked George, "Why are you coming to me?" He said, "I have no one else to ask." Then he said something that astounded me, "Dinesh, you are like a brother to me."
: Actually, George has a real life brother who just happens to be the president of the United States. (George Obama is the youngest of eight children sired by Barack Obama Sr.) George's brother is a multimillionaire and the most powerful man in the world. Moreover, George's brother has framed his re-election campaign around the "fair share" theme that we owe obligations to those who are less fortunate.
…Obama's refusal to help George is especially surprising because George doesn't just live in American-style poverty but rather in Third World poverty. He lives in a shanty in the Huruma slum in Nairobi. He gets by on a few dollars a month. Obama also has an aunt named Hawa Auma, his father's sister, who ekes out a living selling coal on the streets of a small village in Kenya. She says she would like to have her teeth fixed, but she cannot afford it. Obama hasn't offered to help her either.
Keep in mind that the Obama Administration is incessantly criticizing other people for being greedy and not doing enough to help people. Meanwhile, Obama's own brother can't count on him for help when his son is sick with bills that cost less than Barack Obama probably spends on green fees in a month.
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I went to the pool today to get a little swim when I happened to see Natalia by the pool all alone. Right away I began to get to know her to see what she was getting into for the rest of the day. Maybe I could be getting into her for the rest of the day! I hit her with my usual routine, a few hundred dollars for a bit of her time and before you knew it, we were going into the bathroom right by the pool. This must have been one of my most fun adventures yet. This girl gave me a blowjob that I will be remembering for some time to cum. She deep throated my cock like none other this girl was a true champ. Here is one for your records. Enjoy!
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Country Cute Cardi
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My Car Salon
Wash and repair the client's cars and earn money and popularity among the town
Doraemon Repair Shop
Fix up the neighborhood in Doraemon's time management game
My Car Salon 2
Wash and repair the client's cars and earn money and popularity among the town
Doraemon Gadget Rush
Help Doraemon take back his future gadgets from alien techno-thieves! Blast the aliens to bits by forming a string of same colored gems on the game board. Form as many gem combos as you can within a given time limit! Chain combos to unleash Fever Time and look for rare power-ups for more points...
Leprechaun Gold Puzzle
Whether you're Irish or just Irish for a day, this brain-tickling math puzzle game will surely get you into the St. Patrick's Day groove! Solve number puzzles and collect gold for the Leprechaun. Test your mathematical chops as you quickly spot, swipe, and sum up numbers! You'll have a whale...
Snow White Cafe
A fresh hangout has opened in Fairyland: Snow White Cafe! Snow White's story comes alive in this new, cute and exciting time management strategy game. Inspired by the work of the Brothers Grimm, who wrote many of the classic children's fairy tales including Sleeping Beauty and Rapunzel....
Doraemon Repair Shop Seasons
Spring time is here and it's the season of blooming cherry blossoms. Doraemon, the cute futuristic robot cat and his wacky gang are setting up their all-purpose repair shop once again to fix broken household items. Get ready for another exciting test of speed and reflexes! The townspeople are...
Beauty Idol
A Fashion design game with a role playing element.
Star Girl Farm
Season's Greetings, farmers! Let's welcome the holidays with these fabulous Christmas-themed decorations for your farm! Make your farm merrier with a Gingerbread Fence, Snowmen, your very own Moose, and a huge Christmas Tree! More Christmas decorations await you in-game! Happy Holidays,...
Star Girl: Colors of Spring
Spring is here and it's the season to be fabulous! This phenomenal social fashion RPG transports you to a world of high fashion, glamor, and spring romance. Celebrate the season of youth and rebirth with cute dresses, make your way to the top as a pop star, model, or actress, and outshine other...
Star Girl: Princess Gala
Play a fairy tale star princess through the levels.
Star Girl
Complete the tasks, make friends and become a real star
Star Girl: Beauty Queen
Complete the tasks, make friends and become a real star
Beauty Idol for Kakao
Live the dream and become a glamorous rock star, actress or supermodel in this cute, anime and manga inspired Fashion RPG! Romance and love are yours to explore as you make it big in the city! This app has it all, whether you're seeking luxury, cosplay, Japan, Romeo & Juliet or pretty...
Hidden Origin: Lost Mystery
This spellbinding hidden object game puts you in the role of an undercover agent who has lost his memories - which might just be the key to saving the world! A seek-and-find adventure with a wide variety of brain-racking puzzles, mini-games, and an immersive story brimming over with mystery,...