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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Technology Maturity and Market Penetration Assessment
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report presents technology maturity curves and market penetration charts that were developed to assess the current and future state of development for a range of technologies. Technology maturity curves were developed for 17 technology categories covering the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity and customer technologies. Market penetration charts were then developed for a subset of "game-changing" technologies to show the key steps to market entry for these technologies. Antici...
Market penetration of new energy technologies
SciTech Connect
This report examines the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and, for some, the mathematical formulas of forecasting methods that can be used to forecast the market penetration of renewable energy technologies. Among the methods studied are subjective estimation, market surveys, historical analogy models, cost models, diffusion models, time-series models, and econometric models. Some of these forecasting methods are more effective than others at different developmental stages of new technologies.
Packey, D.J.
Impacts of Varying Penetration of Distributed Resources with & without Volt/Var Control: Case Study of Varying Load Types
This paper provides a follow-up to an earlier one on impacts of distributed energy resources (DR) on distribution feeders. As DR penetration level on the feeder increases, there can be impacts to distribution system/feeder capacity, line losses, and voltage regulation. These can vary as the penetration level reaches the capacity of the distribution feeder/system or loading. The question is how high of a DR level can be accommodated without any major changes to system operation, system design and protection. Our objective for this work was to address the question of how the DR impacts vary in regards to both DR voltage regulation capability and load mix. A dynamic analysis was used to focus on the impacts of DR with and without volt/var control with different load composition on the distribution feeder. The study considered an example 10MVA distribution feeder in which two inverter-based DRs were used to provide voltage regulation. The results due to DR without voltage regulation capability are compared with DR capable of providing local (at its bus) voltage regulation. The analysis was repeated for four different feeder load compositions consisting of (1) constant power, (2) constant impedance, (3) constant current and (4) ZIP (equal combination of previous three).
Rizy, D Tom [ORNL; Li, Huijuan [ORNL; Li, Fangxing [ORNL; Xu, Yan [ORNL; Adhikari, Sarina [ORNL; Irminger, Philip [ORNL
Market penetration potential of new clean coal technologies
The diverse nature of the electric utility sector, both in terms of supply and demand, will allow numerous new coal-burning technologies to find economic niches within the marketplace. The focus of this paper is on the potential market penetration rate for one clean coal technology, Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycles (IGCC), from 1995 to 2024. The market penetration of IGCC was examined in two power pools that are distinctly different in terms of electric supply and demand. These pools consist of groups of companies that aggregate their resources for dispatching or trading electricity to achieve operating economies through energy exchanges. The first pool is located in the Midwest and is part of the North American Electric Reliability Council's (NERC) East Central Area Reliability Coordination Agreement (ECAR) region. The second pool is the Florida subregion of NERC's Southeastern Electric Reliability Council (SERC) region. Emphasis is placed on how both the current technology configuration of the power pool and how future demand profiles influence the penetration rate of a new technology. The effects of fuel prices on technology penetration are also examined. The argonne Utility Simulation (ARGUS) model is used to estimate IGCC market penetration under various economic assumptions. 20 refs., 8 figs.
Veselka, T.D.; Rose, K.
Enabling Technologies for High Penetration of Wind and Solar Energy
High penetration of variable wind and solar electricity generation will require modifications to the electric power system. This work examines the impacts of variable generation, including uncertainty, ramp rate, ramp range, and potentially excess generation. Time-series simulations were performed in the Texas (ERCOT) grid where different mixes of wind, solar photovoltaic and concentrating solar power provide up to 80% of the electric demand. Different enabling technologies were examined, including conventional generator flexibility, demand response, load shifting, and energy storage. A variety of combinations of these technologies enabled low levels of surplus or curtailed wind and solar generation depending on the desired penetration of renewable sources. At lower levels of penetration (up to about 30% on an energy basis) increasing flexible generation, combined with demand response may be sufficient to accommodate variability and uncertainty. Introduction of load-shifting through real-time pricing or other market mechanisms further increases the penetration of variable generation. The limited time coincidence of wind and solar generation presents increasing challenges as these sources provide greater than 50% of total demand. System flexibility must be increased to the point of virtually eliminating must-run baseload generators during periods of high wind and solar generation. Energy storage also becomes increasingly important as lower cost flexibility options are exhausted. The study examines three classes of energy storage - electricity storage, including batteries and pumped hydro, hybrid storage (compressed-air energy storage), and thermal energy storage. Ignoring long-distance transmission options, a combination of load shifting and storage equal to about 12 hours of average demand may keep renewable energy curtailment below 10% in the simulated system.
Denholm, P.
Estimating the Market Penetration of Residential Cool Storage Technology Using Economic Cost Modeling
E-Print Network (OSTI)
This study estimated the market penetration for residential cool storage technology using economic cost modeling. Residential cool storage units produce and store chill during off-peak periods of the day to be used during times of peak electric power needs. This paper provides projections of unit sales expected in 5-year intervals for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010, Such projections help to determine the maximum amount o f energy that could be displaced by this technology in the future. This study also found that price incentives offered to households must be varied dramatically by region for residential cool storage systems to be economically competitive relative to conventional systems. Under the most likely scenario, this analysis estimated that residential cool storage units will eventually capture about one-half of the central air conditioning (A/C) market.
Weijo, R. O.; and Brown, D. R.
Estimating the market penetration of residential cool storage technology using economic cost modeling
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This study estimated the market penetration for residential cool storage technology using economic cost modeling. Residential cool storage units produce and store chill during off-peak periods of the day to be used during times of peak electric power needs. This paper provides projections of unit sales expected in 5-year intervals for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. Such projections help to determine the maximum amount of energy that could be displaced by this technology in the future. This study also found that price incentives offered to households must be varied dramatically by region for residential cool storage systems to be economically competitive relative to conventional systems. Under the most likely scenario, this analysis estimated that residential cool storage units will eventually capture about one-half of the central air conditioning (A/C) market. 14 refs., 2 figs., 8 tabs.
Weijo, R.O.; Brown, D.R.
High Penetration, Grid Connected Photovoltaic Technology Codes and Standards: Preprint
This paper reports the interim status in identifying and reviewing photovoltaic (PV) codes and standards (C&S) and related electrical activities for grid-connected, high-penetration PV systems with a focus on U.S. electric utility distribution grid interconnection.
Basso, T. S.
Review of methods for forecasting the market penetration of new technologies
In 1993 the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE) initiated a program called Quality Metrics. Quality Metrics was developed to measure the costs and benefits of technologies being developed by EE R&D programs. The impact of any new technology is directly related to its adoption by the market. The techniques employed to project market adoption are critical to measuring a new technology`s impact. Our purpose was to review current market penetration theories and models and develop a recommended approach for evaluating the market penetration of DOE technologies. The following commonly cited innovation diffusion theories were reviewed to identify analytical approaches relevant to new energy technologies: (1) the normal noncumulative adopter distribution method, (2) the Bass Model, (3) the Mansfield-Blackman Model, (4) the Fisher-Pry Model, (5) a meta-analysis of innovation diffusion studies. Of the theories reviewed, the Bass and Mansfield-Blackman models were found most applicable to forecasting the market penetration of electricity supply technologies. Their algorithms require input estimates which characterize the technology adoption behavior of the electricity supply industry. But, inadequate work has been done to quantify the technology adoption characteristics of this industry. The following energy technology market penetration models were also reviewed: (1) DOE`s Renewable Energy Penetration (REP) Model, (2) DOE`s Electricity Capacity Planning Submodule of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), (3) the Assessment of Energy Technologies (ASSET) model by Regional Economic Research, Inc., (4) the Market TREK model by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The two DOE models were developed for electricity generation technologies whereas the Regional Economic Research and EPRI models were designed for demand- side energy technology markets. Therefore, the review and evaluation focused on the DOE models.
Gilshannon, S.T.; Brown, D.R.
Impact of Time Resolution on the Projected Rates of System Penetration by Intermittent Generation Technologies
To hedge against the limited resources of fossil fuels and to reduce the emissions of green house gases, it is expected that our future electricity system will include more intermittent technologies, including wind and PV. To better understand how to develop energy systems that rely on intermittents, systems models are used to assess the cost at which intermittents become competitive, the degree of penetration as their costs are reduced, their impact on the optimal structure of the balance of the system, and their affect on total system costs. Modeling approaches designed for dispatchable technologies are not entirely appropriate for modeling intermittent technologies, since they, naturally, assume that generation can always be dispatched to meet demand. Intermittent generation cannot be dispatched--its output varies from hour to hour and from day to day on its own schedule, heedless to system needs. This research assesses the difference in results associated with the different approaches to modeling intermittency. The analyses compare cases using the hourly loads and intermittent generation patterns, cases in which the loads and generation were averaged over several hours, and cases in which the loads and/or the generation were represented by the annual averaging scheme used in the National Energy Modeling System developed by the Energy Information Administration. Three significant characteristics of an intermittent generator are the average power production (capacity factor), the coincidence of its power production and loads, and the variation in the magnitude of its power production. Economic models of the energy system represent these characteristics with differing degrees of accuracy. It is expected that different representations of the characteristics of an intermittent generator will give different answers to the sorts of questions posed above. This research assesses the magnitude and types of errors that are introduced by not representing the characteristics of the intermittents accurately. The most accurate representation of an intermittent generator uses its actual output from moment to moment. Here we use a one hour resolution over a full year of generation as the base case. This captures the variations from hour to hour and day-to-day. However, some energy modeling systems are based on a load duration curve approach for characterizing the variation in energy demand. This is quite suitable for dispatchable technologies since the generators can always be dispatched to meet the load whenever it occurs. When an intermittent generator is represented in this structure, it is represented as having a constant output equal to its capacity factor over long intervals (many hours). This approach captures the capacity factor of the intermittent and to some extent it can capture the coincidence of generation and demand, but does not capture the effect of the short term variations in output. In this paper, we evaluate the impacts of time resolution on the economic evaluation of wind and solar PV within a simple energy system. We assess the penetration of each intermittent generator as its cost is decreased. At the same time, the model optimally readjusts the capacities and dispatch of the conventional generators as the intermittent technology penetrates. This investigation compares the trajectories of intermittent penetration under a several different representations of intermittent generation and demand. In the following sections, we first discuss the approach to analysis, for both the load duration curve approach to representing intermittent generation and several averaging schemes. We then present results and conclusions.
Lamont, A; Wu, T
Penetration and air-emission-reduction benefits of solar technologies in the electric utilities
The results of a study of four solar energy technologies and the electric utility industry are reported. The purpose of the study was to estimate the penetration by federal region of four solar technologies - wind, biomass, phtovoltaics, and solar thermal - in terms of installed capacity and power generated. The penetration by these technologies occurs at the expense of coal and nuclear power. The displacement of coal plants implies a displacement of their air emissions, such as sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and particulate matter. The main conclusion of this study is that solar thermal, photovoltaics, and biomass fail to penetrate significantly by the end of this century in any federal region. Wind energy penetrates the electric utility industry in several regions during the 1990s. Displaced coal and nuclear generation are also estimated by region, as are the corresponding reductions in air emissions. The small-scale penetration by the solar technologies necessarily limits the amount of conventional fuels displaced and the reduction in air emissions. A moderate displacement of sulfur dioxide and the oxides of nitrogen is estimated to occur by the end of this century, and significant lowering of these emissions should occur in the early part of the next century.
Sutherland, R.J.
Development of Laser Weld Repair, Cladding, and Heat Treatment Technology for Alloy 600 RPV Penetrations
EPRI has developed innovative laser weld repair technology for Alloy 600 reactor pressure vessel (RPV) head penetrations in pressure water reactors (PWRs). The repair technology consists of an Nd:YAG laser, fiber optic delivery system, optical assembly (weld head), welding filler metal feed system, and manipulator. The laser system will be used to address the repair of axially oriented cracks, stress relief, and cladding operations.
Forecasting the Market Penetration of Energy Conservation Technologies: The Decision Criteria for Choosing a Forecasting Model
An important determinant of our energy future is the rate at which energy conservation technologies, once developed, are put into use. At Synergic Resources Corporation, we have adapted and applied a methodology to forecast the use of conservation technologies. This paper briefly discusses the observed patterns of the diffusion of new' technologies and the determinants (both sociological and economic) which have been proposed to explain the variation in the diffusion rates. Existing market penetration models are reviewed and their capability to forecast the use of conservation technologies is assessed using a set of criteria developed for this purpose. The reasoning behind the choice of criteria is discussed. The criteria includes the range of hypothesized influences to market penetration that are incorporated into the models and the applicability of the available parameter estimates. The attributes of our methodology and forecasting model choice (a behavioral lag equation developed by Mathtech, Inc.), are displayed using a list of the judgment criteria. This method was used to forecast the use of electricity conservation technologies in industries located in the Pacific Northwest for the Bonneville Power Administration.
Lang, K.
An evaluation of market penetration forecasting methodologies for new residential and commercial energy technologies
Forecasting market penetration is an essential step in the development and assessment of new technologies. This report reviews several methodologies that are available for market penetration forecasting. The primary objective of this report is to help entrepreneurs understand these methodologies and aid in the selection of one or more of them for application to a particular new technology. This report also illustrates the application of these methodologies, using examples of new technologies, such as the heat pump, drawn from the residential and commercial sector. The report concludes with a brief discussion of some considerations in selecting a forecasting methodology for a particular situation. It must be emphasized that the objective of this report is not to construct a specific market penetration model for new technologies but only to provide a comparative evaluation of methodologies that would be useful to an entrepreneur who is unfamiliar with the range of techniques available. The specific methodologies considered in this report are as follows: subjective estimation methods, market surveys, historical analogy models, time series models, econometric models, diffusion models, economic cost models, and discrete choice models. In addition to these individual methodologies, which range from the very simple to the very complex, two combination approaches are also briefly discussed: (1) the economic cost model combined with the diffusion model and (2) the discrete choice model combined with the diffusion model. This discussion of combination methodologies is not meant to be exhaustive. Rather, it is intended merely to show that many methodologies often can complement each other. A combination of two or more different approaches may be better than a single methodology alone.
Raju, P.S.; Teotia, A.P.S.
On the Use of Energy Storage Technologies for Regulation Services in Electric Power Systems with Significant Penetration of Wind Energy
Energy produced by intermittent renewable resources is sharply increasing in the United States. At high penetration levels, volatility of wind power production could cause additional problems for the power system balancing functions such as regulation. This paper reports some partial results of a project work, recently conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). The project proposes to mitigate additional intermittency with the help of Wide Area Energy Management System (WAEMS) that would provide a two-way simultaneous regulation service for the BPA and California ISO systems by using a large energy storage facility. The paper evaluates several utility-scale energy storage technology options for their usage as regulation resources. The regulation service requires a participating resource to quickly vary its power output following the rapidly and frequently changing regulation signal. Several energy storage options have been analyzed based on thirteen selection criteria. The evaluation process resulted in the selection of flywheels, pumped hydro electric power (or conventional hydro electric power) plant and sodium sulfur or nickel cadmium batteries as candidate technologies for the WAEMS project. A cost benefit analysis should be conducted to narrow the choice to one technology.
Yang, Bo; Makarov, Yuri V.; DeSteese, John G.; Vishwanathan, Vilanyur V.; Nyeng, Preben; McManus, Bart; Pease, John
Government policy and market penetration opportunities for US renewable energy technology in India and Pakistan
Some US renewable energy industries are now looking abroad, especially to the rapidly developing Asia-Pacific region, in order to increase sales and expand markets. The developing world appears in principle to be an important market for renewable energy technologies. These international markets have proven extremely difficult to penetrate, and the US competitive position is threatened by strong, well-organized, government-supported competition from Japan and Western Europe. For example, US photovoltaic manufacturers held 80% of the world PV market in 1980; today their market share is down to 35%. Less developed countries (LDCs) present a potentially significant but highly elusive market for renewable energy technologies. This market may develop for three major reasons; the shortage of electricity supply and the high cost of grid extension to rural areas, the high cost of oil imports and the scarcity of light oil products, and the gradual replacement of traditional fuels with modern ones. The focus of this report is on the policies and attitudes of national and regional governments in India and Pakistan towards renewable energy technology and how these policies and attitudes affect the potential for penetration of these markets by US industry. We have attempted to provide some useful insight into the actual market environment in India and Pakistan rather than just report on official laws, regulations, and policies. The report also examines the economics of technologies in comparison with more traditional sources of energy. It concentrates primarily on technologies, such as photovoltaics and wind electric systems, that would benefit from foreign participation, but also identifies potential market opportunities for advanced solar desalination and other renewable energy technologies. 31 refs.
Sathaye, J.; Weingart, J.M.
Analysis of market penetration scenarios of clean coal technologies in China using the LLNL China Energy Model
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the market penetration of Clean Coal Technologies in the electric utility market in China. The analysis is based on a model of the Chinese energy system developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Under this model, the market penetration of a technology depends on the relative prices of all technologies in a market. The model assumes that for each technology there is a distribution of effective prices to the consumers in the market place. The prices for each technology computed in the model are assumed to be the means of these distributions: sometime the effective price is greater than this and sometimes it is less. Thus even a relatively expensive technology may cost less than its competitors in a fraction of the transactions. Using several scenarios about the possible dispersion of prices, we estimate the market share of CCTs over the next 50 years. We find that some CCTs penetrate under all scenarios, but the more expensive ones only show significant penetration when larger values of price dispersion are assumed. Generally the penetration of the CCTs is 15% or less of the market by 2020. However, advanced pulverized coal does exceed 15% in some cases.
Lamont, A
Factors Affecting the Rate of Penetration of Large-Scale Electricity Technologies: The Case of Carbon Sequestration
This project falls under the Technology Innovation and Diffusion topic of the Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Research Program. The objective was to better understand the critical variables that affect the rate of penetration of large-scale electricity technologies in order to improve their representation in integrated assessment models. We conducted this research in six integrated tasks. In our first two tasks, we identified potential factors that affect penetration rates through discussions with modeling groups and through case studies of historical precedent. In the next three tasks, we investigated in detail three potential sets of critical factors: industrial conditions, resource conditions, and regulatory/environmental considerations. Research to assess the significance and relative importance of these factors involved the development of a microeconomic, system dynamics model of the US electric power sector. Finally, we implemented the penetration rate models in an integrated assessment model. While the focus of this effort is on carbon capture and sequestration technologies, much of the work will be applicable to other large-scale energy conversion technologies.
James R. McFarland; Howard J. Herzog
Session: Hard Rock Penetration
This session at the Geothermal Energy Program Review X: Geothermal Energy and the Utility Market consisted of five presentations: ''Hard Rock Penetration - Summary'' by George P. Tennyson, Jr.; ''Overview - Hard Rock Penetration'' by James C. Dunn; ''An Overview of Acoustic Telemetry'' by Douglas S. Drumheller; ''Lost Circulation Technology Development Status'' by David A. Glowka; ''Downhole Memory-Logging Tools'' by Peter Lysne.
Tennyson, George P. Jr.; Dunn, James C.; Drumheller, Douglas S.; Glowka, David A.; Lysne, Peter
Utility rates and service policies as potential barriers to the market penetration of decentralized solar technologies
At present, economic and institutional concerns dictate that decentralized solar technologies generally require an auxiliary energy source to assure continuous service through periods of adverse weather. Utility rates and service policies regarding auxiliary energy service have a significant impact upon solar system economics, and thus the commercialization of solar energy. The scope of this paper evaluates three basic issues: (1) whether a utility can refuse to provide auxiliary service to solar users, (2) whether a utility can charge higher or lower than traditional rates for auxiliary service, and (3) whether a utility can refuse to purchase excess power generated by small power producers utilizing electricity-producing solar technologies. It appears that a utility cannot refuse to provide auxiliary service to a solar user unless the company can demonstrate that to provide such service, substantial harm would result to its existing customers. Statutes or case decisions also provide that utilities cannot unreasonably discriminate in rates charged to customers for the same service under like conditions. The ability of a utility to provide solar users lower than traditional rates may depend upon the jurisdiction's view of promotional rates. 681 references.
Feuerstein, R. J.
Penetration equations
In 1967, Sandia National Laboratories published empirical equations to predict penetration into natural earth materials and concrete. Since that time there have been several small changes to the basic equations, and several more additions to the overall technique for predicting penetration into soil, rock, concrete, ice, and frozen soil. The most recent update to the equations was published in 1988, and since that time there have been changes in the equations to better match the expanding data base, especially in concrete penetration. This is a standalone report documenting the latest version of the Young/Sandia penetration equations and related analytical techniques to predict penetration into natural earth materials and concrete. 11 refs., 6 tabs.
Young, C.W. [Applied Research Associates, Inc., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Incentives to Accelerate the Penetration of Electricity in the Industrial Sector by Promoting New Technologies: A French Experiment
A major problem encountered when trying to speed up electrification of French industry has been 'hot to finance, at end-user's level, investments related to such a change of technology'. Government incentives, the aims of which are to help saving energy and reducing oil imports, are a partial solution; something more has been done by E.D.F. with the help of bankers, consultants, engineers, and manufacturers. But it will take a lot of months before being sure it fulfills the purpose in view.
Bouchet, J.; Froehlich, R.
Overview: Hard Rock Penetration
The Hard Rock Penetration program is developing technology to reduce the costs of drilling and completing geothermal wells. Current projects include: lost circulation control, rock penetration mechanics, instrumentation, and industry/DOE cost shared projects of the Geothermal Drilling organization. Last year, a number of accomplishments were achieved in each of these areas. A new flow meter being developed to accurately measure drilling fluid outflow was tested extensively during Long Valley drilling. Results show that this meter is rugged, reliable, and can provide useful measurements of small differences in fluid inflow and outflow rates. By providing early indications of fluid gain or loss, improved control of blow-out and lost circulation problems during geothermal drilling can be expected. In the area of downhole tools for lost circulation control, the concept of a downhole injector for injecting a two-component, fast-setting cementitious mud was developed. DOE filed a patent application for this concept during FY 91. The design criteria for a high-temperature potassium, uranium, thorium logging tool featuring a downhole data storage computer were established, and a request for proposals was submitted to tool development companies. The fundamental theory of acoustic telemetry in drill strings was significantly advanced through field experimentation and analysis. A new understanding of energy loss mechanisms was developed.
Dunn, J.C.
Overview - Hard Rock Penetration
The Hard Rock Penetration program is developing technology to reduce the costs of drilling and completing geothermal wells. Current projects include: lost circulation control, rock penetration mechanics, instrumentation, and industry/DOE cost shared projects of the Geothermal Drilling Organization. Last year, a number of accomplishments were achieved in each of these areas. A new flow meter being developed to accurately measure drilling fluid outflow was tested extensively during Long Valley drilling. Results show that this meter is rugged, reliable, and can provide useful measurements of small differences in fluid inflow and outflow rates. By providing early indications of fluid gain or loss, improved control of blow-out and lost circulation problems during geothermal drilling can be expected. In the area of downhole tools for lost circulation control, the concept of a downhole injector for injecting a two-component, fast-setting cementitious mud was developed. DOE filed a patent application for this concept during FY 91. The design criteria for a high-temperature potassium, uranium, thorium logging tool featuring a downhole data storage computer were established, and a request for proposals was submitted to tool development companies. The fundamental theory of acoustic telemetry in drill strings was significantly advanced through field experimentation and analysis. A new understanding of energy loss mechanisms was developed.
Dunn, James C.
Ground Penetrating Imaging Radar Phase II
EPRI project "Ground Penetrating Imaging Radar Phase II," also called the "GPiR Project," started in August 1998 at Schlumberger-Doll Research, a division of Schlumberger Technology Corporation. Its goal was to determine if modern ground-penetrating radar (GPR) could make three-dimensional (3D) images of buried utility lines accurate and detailed enough to help utility companies better manage their underground infrastructure. Work began with a comparison of commercial and prototype GPR systems in the lab...
Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #805: November 25, 2013 Vehicle
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Models for evaluation of energy technology and policy options to maximize low carbon source penetration in the United States energy supply.
An initial version of a Systems Dynamics (SD) modeling framework was developed for the analysis of a broad range of energy technology and policy questions. The specific question selected to demonstrate this process was 'what would be the carbon and import implications of expanding nuclear electric capacity to provide power for plug in hybrid vehicles?' Fifteen SNL SD energy models were reviewed and the US Energy and Greenhouse gas model (USEGM) and the Global Nuclear Futures model (GEFM) were identified as the basis for an initial modeling framework. A basic U.S. Transportation model was created to model U.S. fleet changes. The results of the rapid adoption scenario result in almost 40% of light duty vehicles being PHEV by 2040 which requires about 37 GWy/y of additional electricity demand, equivalent to about 25 new 1.4 GWe nuclear plants. The adoption rate of PHEVs would likely be the controlling factor in achieving the associated reduction in carbon emissions and imports.
Pickard, Paul S.; Kataoka, Dawn; Reno, Marissa Devan; Malczynski, Leonard A.; Peplinski, William J.; Roach, Jesse D.; Brainard, James Robert; West, Todd H.; Schoenwald, David Alan
Monolithic ballasted penetrator
DOE Patents (OSTI)
The present invention is a monolithic ballasted penetrator capable of delivering a working payload to a hardened target, such as reinforced concrete. The invention includes a ballast made from a dense heavy material insert and a monolithic case extending along an axis and consisting of a high-strength steel alloy. The case includes a nose end containing a hollow portion in which the ballast is nearly completely surrounded so that no movement of the ballast relative to the case is possible during impact with a hard target. The case is cast around the ballast, joining the two parts together. The ballast may contain concentric grooves or protrusions that improve joint strength between the case and ballast. The case further includes a second hollow portion; between the ballast and base, which has a payload fastened within this portion. The penetrator can be used to carry instrumentation to measure the geologic character of the earth, or properties of arctic ice, as they pass through it.
Hickerson, Jr., James P. (Cedar Crest, NM); Zanner, Frank J. (Sandia Park, NM); Baldwin, Michael D. (Albuquerque, NM); Maguire, Michael C. (Worcester, MA)
Universal penetration test apparatus with fluid penetration sensor
A universal penetration test apparatus is described for measuring resistance of a material to a challenge fluid. The apparatus includes a pad saturated with the challenge fluid. The apparatus includes a compression assembly for compressing the material between the pad and a compression member. The apparatus also includes a sensor mechanism for automatically detecting when the challenge fluid penetrates the material. 23 figs.
Johnson, P.W.; Stampfer, J.F.; Bradley, O.D.
Building 9213 ? A long and varied history
213 - A long and varied history The series on the Training and Technology program at Y-12 has been completed, and I certainly do appreciate all the input received on that historic...
Assessing the Impact of Heat Rejection Technology on CSP Plant Revenue: Preprint
This paper explores the impact of cooling technology on revenue for hybrid-cooled plants with varying wet cooling penetration for four representative locations in the American Southwest. The impact of ACC design-point initial temperature difference (ITD - the difference between the condensing steam temperature and ambient dry-bulb) is also included in the analysis.
Wagner, M. J.; Kutscher, C. F.
Rooftop Photovoltaics Market Penetration Scenarios
The goal of this study was to model the market penetration of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) in the United States under a variety of scenarios, on a state-by-state basis, from 2007 to 2015.
Paidipati, J.; Frantzis, L.; Sawyer, H.; Kurrasch, A.
A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and
A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and deposition in the indoor environment Title A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and deposition in the indoor environment Publication Type Journal Article LBNL Report Number LBNL-51631 Year of Publication 2003 Authors Thatcher, Tracy L., Melissa M. Lunden, Kenneth L. Revzan, Richard G. Sextro, and Nancy J. Brown Journal Aerosol Science & Technology Volume 37 Start Page Chapter Pagination 847-864 Abstract Continuous, size resolved particle measurements were performed in two houses in order to determine size- dependent particle penetration into and deposition in the indoor environment. The experiments consisted of three parts: measurement of the particle loss rate following artificial elevation of indoor particle concentrations,
High Penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems into the Distribution Grid, Workshop Report, February 24-25, 2009
Outcomes from the EERE Solar Energy Technologies Program workshop on high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into the distribution grid, Feb. 24-25, 2009, Ontario, Calif.
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VARI-RO (TM) Desalting Pilot Plant Testing and Evaluation
VARI-RO(TM) is a promising pumping and energy recovery technology for the reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process. VARI-RO can offer certain operational benefits over existing RO methods; for example, it may reduce energy consumption.
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Penetration Scenarios
This report examines the economic drivers, technology constraints, and market potential for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the U.S. A PHEV is a hybrid vehicle with batteries that can be recharged by connecting to the grid and an internal combustion engine that can be activated when batteries need recharging. The report presents and examines a series of PHEV market penetration scenarios. Based on input received from technical experts and industry representative contacted for this report and data obtained through a literature review, annual market penetration rates for PHEVs are presented from 2013 through 2045 for three scenarios. Each scenario is examined and implications for PHEV development are explored.
Balducci, Patrick J.
Geothermal technology development program. Quarterly progress report, April-June 1981
The status of ongoing research in rock penetration mechanics, fluid technology, borehole mechanics, and diagnostics technology is reported. (MHR)
Kelsey, J.R. (ed.)
Geothermal Technology Development Program annual progress report, October 1982-September 1983
The program emphasizes research in rock penetration mechanics, fluid technology, borehold mechanics, diagnostics technology, and permeability enhancement.
MHK Technologies/Microturbine River In Stream | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Microturbine River In Stream Microturbine River In Stream < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage Microturbine River In Stream.png Technology Profile Primary Organization Whitestone Power Communications Project(s) where this technology is utilized *MHK Projects/Microturbine River In Stream Technology Resource Click here Current/Tidal Technology Type Click here Axial Flow Turbine Technology Readiness Level Click here TRL 5/6: System Integration and Technology Laboratory Demonstration Technology Description HDPE blades are the only moving parts in the water.This gives the turbine high resistance to silty or salty water. Blades designed to survive impact of 1500 lb object. HDPE provides flexibility and strength. Blades penetrate water 24 inches allowing for deep and shallow operation. Mounting design allows for variable depth operation for varying river conditions.All submerged prime-mover parts constructed from HDPE. No underwater gearboxes, generators or electrical cables. Velocity of blades 50% of velocity of river current.
Survey review of models for use in market penetration analysis: utility sector focus
The ultimate benefits of federal expenditures in research and development for new technologies are dependent upon the degree of acceptance of these technologies. Market penetration considerations are central to the problem of quantifying the potential benefits. These benefits are inputs to the selection process of projects competing for finite R and D funds. Market penetration is the gradual acceptance of a new commodity or technology. The Office of Coal utilization is concerned with the specialized area of market penetration of new electric power generation technologies for both replacement and new capacity. The common measure of market penetration is the fraction of the market serviced by the challenging technology for each time point considered. The methodologies for estimating market penetration are divided into three generic classes: integrated energy/economy modeling systems, utility capacity expansion models, and technology substitution models. In general, the integrated energy/economy modeling systems have three advantages: they provide internally consistent macro, energy-economy scenarios, they account for the effect of prices on demand by fuel form, and they explicitly capture the effects of population growth and the level and structure of economic activity on energy demand. A variety of deficiencies appear in most energy-economy systems models. All of the methodologies may be applied at some level to questions of market penetration of new technologies in the utility sector; choice of methods for a particular analysis must be conditioned by the scope of the analysis, data availability, and the relative cost of alternative analysis.
Groncki, P.J.; Kydes, A.S.; Lamontagne, J.; Marcuse, W.; Vinjamuri, G.
Weld penetration and defect control
Highly engineered designs increasingly require the use of improved materials and sophisticated manufacturing techniques. To obtain optimal performance from these engineered products, improved weld properties and joint reliability are a necessarily. This requirement for improved weld performance and reliability has led to the development of high-performance welding systems in which pre-programmed parameters are specified before any welding takes place. These automated systems however lack the ability to compensate for perturbations which arise during the welding process. Hence the need for systems which monitor and control the in-process status of the welding process. This report discusses work carried out on weld penetration indicators and the feasibility of using these indicators for on-line penetration control.
Chin, B.A.
Avoided emissions from high penetration of photovoltaic electricity in the
emissions from high penetration of photovoltaic electricity in the emissions from high penetration of photovoltaic electricity in the United States Title Avoided emissions from high penetration of photovoltaic electricity in the United States Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2012 Authors Zhai, Pei, Peter H. Larsen, Dev Millstein, Surabi Menon, and Eric R. Masanet Journal Energy Volume 47 Start Page 443 Date Published 2012 Abstract This study evaluates avoided emissions potential of CO2, SO2 and NOx assuming a 10% penetration level of photovoltaics (PV) in ten selected U.S. states. We estimate avoided emissions using an hourly energy system simulation model, EnergyPLAN. Avoided emissions vary significantly across the country-mainly due to three state-specific factors: the existing resource mix of power plants (power grid fuel mix), the emission intensity of existing fossil fuel power plants and the PV capacity factor within each state. The avoided emissions per solar PV capacity (g/W) - for ten U.S. states -ranged from 670 to 1500 for CO2, 0.01e7.80 for SO2 and 0.25e2.40 for NOx. In general, avoided emissions are likely to be higher in locations with 1) higher share of coal plants; 2) higher emission of existing fossil fuel plants; and 3) higher PV capacity factor. To further illustrate the quantitative relationship between avoided emissions and the three state-specific factors, we conducted a sensitivity analysis. Finally, we estimated the change in avoided emissions in a coal-intensive state by varying the operational constraints of fossil-fuel power plants. At the 10% penetration level avoided emissions were not constrained by the ramp rate limitations, but the minimum capacity requirement significantly affected the avoided emission estimates.
Technologies Energy, Utilities, & Power Systems. Advanced Carbon Aerogels for Energy Applications; Distributed Automated Demand Response; Electrostatic Generator/Motor
Technologies Research Tools. Cell-Free Assembly of NanoLipoprotein Particles; Chemical Prism; Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (LLMDA) ...
Technologies Energy. Advanced Carbon Aerogels for Energy Applications; Distributed Automated Demand Response; Electrostatic Generator/Motor; Modular Electromechanical ...
Science & Technology. Weapons & Complex Integration. News Center. News Center. Around the Lab. Contacts. For Reporters. Livermore Lab Report. ...
Technologies Materials. Aggregate Spray for Air Particulate; Actuators Made From Nanoporous Materials; Ceramic Filters; Energy Absorbing Material; Diode Arrays for ...
Market-analysis system for conservation technologies. Draft final report
A prototype market analysis methodology to provide DOE decision makers guidance in evaluating and selecting strategies that promote energy conservation technologies is discussed. The methodology, named MASCOT (Market Analysis System for COnservation Technologies), was designed for the residential water heating market. However, the basic logic can be extended to other market segments, such as space heating and conditioning, and the commercial sector. MASCOT forecasts the market performance of any arbitrary set of technologies that the user chooses. The methodology captures the time-varying effects of technological and economic changes in the market, determines the critical features for new water heating technologies, calculates the likely energy impacts from the use of the actual technologies, and provides information concerning the sensitivity of the results to assumptions about market conditions, technology characteristics, and the factors underlying market penetration. (PSB)
Morris, P.A.; Thapa, M.N.; Bauman, D.S.; Froker, D.B.
Market penetration of biodiesel and ethanol
This dissertation examines the influence that economic and technological factors have on the penetration of biodiesel and ethanol into the transportation fuels market. This dissertation focuses on four aspects. The first involves the influence of fossil fuel prices, because biofuels are substitutes and have to compete in price. The second involves biofuel manufacturing technology, principally the feedstock-to-biofuel conversion rates, and the biofuel manufacturing costs. The third involves prices for greenhouse gas offsets. The fourth involves the agricultural commodity markets for feedstocks, and biofuel byproducts. This dissertation uses the Forest and Agricultural Sector Optimization Model-Greenhouse Gas (FASOM-GHG) to quantitatively examine these issues and calculates equilibrium prices and quantities, given market interactions, fossil fuel prices, carbon dioxide equivalent prices, government biofuel subsidies, technological improvement, and crop yield gains. The results indicate that for the ranges studied, gasoline prices have a major impact on aggregate ethanol production but only at low prices. At higher prices, one runs into a capacity constraint that limits expansion on the capacity of ethanol production. Aggregate biodiesel production is highly responsive to gasoline prices and increases over time. (Diesel fuel price is proportional to the gasoline price). Carbon dioxide equivalent prices expand the biodiesel industry, but have no impact on ethanol aggregate production when gasoline prices are high again because of refinery capacity expansion. Improvement of crop yields shows a similar pattern, expanding ethanol production when the gasoline price is low and expanding biodiesel. Technological improvement, where biorefinery production costs decrease over time, had minimal impact on aggregate ethanol and biodiesel production. Finally, U.S. government subsidies have a large expansionary impact on aggregate biodiesel production, but only expand the ethanol industry at low gasoline prices. All of these factors increase agricultural welfare with most expanding producer surplus and mixed effects on consumers.
Szulczyk, Kenneth Ray
NREL: Technology Transfer - Study Shows Feasibility of High Wind ...
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technology Transfer Study Shows Feasibility of High Wind Penetrations in Southwest Power Pool March 15, 2010
High Performance Computing (HPC) Technologies; Industrial Partnerships Office P.O. Box 808, L-795 Livermore, CA 94551 Phone: (925) 422-6416 Fax: (925) ...
Your Mileage Will Still Vary
Mileage Will Still Vary Why Does Fuel Economy Vary? Video about EPA's New Fuel Economy Ratings Windows Media Video (11.1 MB) Quicktime Video (12.9 MB) Text Version EPA has improved...
Research in Research in Science and Technolog y Sandia pushes frontiers of knowledge to meet the nation's needs, today and tomorrow Sandia National Laboratories' fundamental science and technology research leads to greater understanding of how and why things work and is intrinsic to technological advances. Basic research that challenges scientific assumptions enables the nation to push scientific boundaries. Innovations and breakthroughs produced at Sandia allow it to tackle critical issues, from maintaining the safety, security and effectiveness of the nation's nuclear weapons and preventing domestic and interna- tional terrorism to finding innovative clean energy solutions, develop- ing cutting-edge nanotechnology and moving the latest advances to the marketplace. Sandia's expertise includes:
In-place HEPA filter penetration test
We have demonstrated the feasibility of conducting penetration tests on high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters as installed in nuclear ventilation systems. The in-place penetration test, which is designed to yield equivalent penetration measurements as the standard DOP efficiency test, is based on measuring the aerosol penetration of the filter installation as a function of particle size using a portable laser particle counter. This in-place penetration test is compared to the current in-place leak test using light scattering photometers for single HEPA filter installations and for HEPA filter plenums using the shroud method. Test results show the in-place penetration test is more sensitive than the in-place leak test, has a similar operating procedure, but takes longer to conduct. Additional tests are required to confirm that the in-place penetration test yields identical results as the standard dioctyl phthalate (DOP) penetration test for HEPA filters with controlled leaks in the filter and gasket and duct by-pass leaks. Further development of the procedure is also required to reduce the test time before the in- place penetration test is practical.
Bergman, W.; Wilson, kK.; Elliott, J.; Bettencourt, B.; Slawski, J.W.
Technology Computers and the internet play an increasingly larger role in the lives of students. In this activity, students must use various web sites to locate specific pieces of...
Challenges in Integrating Renewable Technologies
PV, solar thermal, and wave. Breakthroughs are also needed in large-scale energy storage technologies reliability and econ- omy. The challenges of integrating high penetrations of renewable energy technologies
Determining the Adequate Level of Distributed Generation Penetration in
Determining the Adequate Level of Distributed Generation Penetration in Determining the Adequate Level of Distributed Generation Penetration in Future Grids Speaker(s): Johan Driesen Date: March 18, 2004 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Kristina LaCommare In this talk, Johan will discuss the technical barriers met while deploying distributed generation (DG) technology in the grid. These are related to voltage quality, reliability, stability of the grid, but also safety, environmental and economic issues are important. Eventually, the question 'how far can you go ?' is addressed. The range from small-scale local DG such as photovoltaics to large-scale (off-shore) wind farms are dealt with, each with their specific issues. The talk is illustrated with examples from research projects at the KULeuven financied by national and European
Definition: Penetration Rate | Open Energy Information
Definition Definition Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Definition: Penetration Rate Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Penetration Rate The Rate of penetration, abbreviated as ROP as used in the drilling industry, is the speed at which a drill bit breaks the rock under it to deepen the borehole. It is normally measured in feet per minute or meters per hour, but sometimes it is expressed in minutes per foot.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition The Rate of penetration, abbreviated as ROP as used in the drilling industry, is the speed at which a drill bit breaks the rock under it to deepen the borehole. Also known as penetration rate or drill rate. It is normally measured in feet per minute or meters per hour, but sometimes it is expressed in minutes per foot.
Radiosonde Penetration of an Undilute Cumulonimbus Anvil
An example is presented of the serendipitous radiosonde penetration through the western edge of a rapidly growing undilute cumulonimbus anvil above 200 mb by an operationally released radiosonde balloon. The sounding is supportive of deep ...
Lance F. Bosart; John W. Nielsen
Temporary fire sealing of penetrations on TFTR
The radiation shielding provided for TFTR for D-D and D-T operation will be penetrated by numerous electrical and mechanical services. Eventually, these penetrations will have to be sealed to provide the required fire resistance, tritium sealability, pressure integrity and radiation attenuation. For the initial hydrogen operation, however, fire sealing of the penetrations in the walls and floor is the primary concern. This report provides a discussion of the required and desirable properties of a temporary seal which can be used to seal these penetrations for the hydrogen operation and then subsequently be removed and replaced as required for the D-D and D-T operations. Several candidate designs are discussed and evaluated and recommendations are made for specific applications.
Hondorp, H.L.
Sunshot Initiative High Penetration Solar Portal
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
The DOE SunShot Initiative is a collaborative national initiative to make solar energy cost-competitive with other forms of energy by the end of the decade. Reducing the installed cost of solar energy systems by about 75% will drive widespread large-scale adoption of this renewable energy and restore U.S. leadership in the global clean energy race. The High Penetration Solar Portal was created as a resource to aggregate the most relevant and timely information related to high penetration solar scenarios and integrating solar into the grid. The site is designed so that utilities, grant awardees, regulators, researchers, and other solar professionals can easily share data, case studies, lessons learned, and demonstration project findings. [copied from https://solarhighpen.energy.gov/about_the_high_penetration_solar_portal
A nuclear reactor apparatus for penetrating into the earth's crust is described. The apparatus comprises a cylindrical nuclear core operating at a temperature that is higher than the melting temperature of rock. A high-density ballast member is coupled to the nuclear core such that the overall density of the core-ballast assembly is greater than the density of molten rock. The nuclear core is thermally insulated so that its heat output is constrained to flow axially, with radial heat flow being minimized. In operation, the apparatus is placed in contact with the earth's crust at the point desired to be penetrated. The heat output of the reactor melts the underlying rock, and the apparatus sinks through the resulting magma. The fuel loading of the reactor core determines the ultimate depth of crust penetration. (AEC)
Adams, W.M.
Integrating High Penetrations of PV into Southern California: Year 2 Project Update; Preprint
Southern California Edison (SCE) is well into a five-year project to install a total of 500 MW of distributed photovoltaic (PV) energy within its utility service territory. Typical installations to date are 1-3 MW peak rooftop PV systems that interconnect to medium-voltage urban distribution circuits or larger (5 MW peak) ground-mounted systems that connect to medium-voltage rural distribution circuits. Some of the PV system interconnections have resulted in distribution circuits that have a significant amount of PV generation compared to customer load, resulting in high-penetration PV integration scenarios. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and SCE have assembled a team of distribution modeling, resource assessment, and PV inverter technology experts in order to investigate a few of the high-penetration PV distribution circuits. Currently, the distribution circuits being studied include an urban circuit with a PV penetration of approximately 46% and a rural circuit with a PV penetration of approximately 60%. In both cases, power flow on the circuit reverses direction, compared to traditional circuit operation, during periods of high PV power production and low circuit loading. Research efforts during year two of the five-year project were focused on modeling the distribution system level impacts of high-penetration PV integrations, the development and installation of distribution circuit data acquisition equipment appropriate for quantifying the impacts of high-penetration PV integrations, and investigating high-penetration PV impact mitigation strategies. This paper outlines these research efforts and discusses the following activities in more detail: the development of a quasi-static time-series test feeder for evaluating high-penetration PV integration modeling tools; the advanced inverter functions being investigated for deployment in the project's field demonstration and a power hardware-in-loop test of a 500-kW PV inverter implementing a limited set of advanced inverter functions.
Mather, B.; Neal, R.
Optical penetration sensor for pulsed laser welding
An apparatus and method for determining the penetration of the weld pool created from pulsed laser welding and more particularly to an apparatus and method of utilizing an optical technique to monitor the weld vaporization plume velocity to determine the depth of penetration. A light source directs a beam through a vaporization plume above a weld pool, wherein the plume changes the intensity of the beam, allowing determination of the velocity of the plume. From the velocity of the plume, the depth of the weld is determined.
Essien, Marcelino (Albuquerque, NM); Keicher, David M. (Albuquerque, NM); Schlienger, M. Eric (Albuquerque, NM); Jellison, James L. (Albuquerque, NM)
Measurements of the effects of humidity on radio-aerosol penetration through ultrafine capillaries
The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of humidity on radio-aerosol penetration through ultrafine capillaries. A number of tests were conducted at relative humidities of 20%, 50%, and 80%, with sampling times of 20, 40, and 60 min. The radio-aerosol consisted of polystyrene particles with a diameter of 0.1 {micro}m. The ultrafine capillaries had a diameter of 250 {micro}m. The data from these tests varied significantly. These results made the identification of radio-aerosol penetration trends inconclusive. The standard deviation for all penetration data ranged from 3% to 30%. The results of this study suggest that a better control of the experimental parameters was needed to obtain more accurate data from experiments associated with radio-aerosol penetration in the presence of moisture. The experimental parameters that may have contributed to the wide variance of data, include aerosol flow, radio-aerosol generation, capillary characteristics, humidity control, and radiation measurements. It was the uncertainty of these parameters that contributed to the poor data which made conclusive deductions about radio-aerosol penetration dependence on humidity difficult. The application of this study is to ultrafine leaks resulting from stress fractures in high-level nuclear waste transportation casks under accident scenarios.
Cullen, C.
SunShot Initiative: High Penetration Solar Deployment
High Penetration Solar Deployment High Penetration Solar Deployment to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: High Penetration Solar Deployment on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: High Penetration Solar Deployment on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: High Penetration Solar Deployment on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: High Penetration Solar Deployment on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: High Penetration Solar Deployment on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: High Penetration Solar Deployment on AddThis.com... Concentrating Solar Power Photovoltaics Systems Integration Research, Development, & Demonstration Competitive Awards Solar Utility Networks: Replicable Innovations in Solar Energy High Penetration Solar Deployment Grid Integration Advanced Concepts
Utilizing Electric Vehicles to Assist Integration of Large Penetrations of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation Capacity
Executive Summary Introduction and Motivation This analysis provides the first insights into the leveraging potential of distributed photovoltaic (PV) technologies on rooftop and electric vehicle (EV) charging. Either of the two technologies by themselves - at some high penetrations � may cause some voltage control challenges or overloading problems, respectively. But when combined, there � at least intuitively � could be synergistic effects, whereby one technology mitigates the negative impacts of the other. High penetration of EV charging may overload existing distribution system components, most prominently the secondary transformer. If PV technology is installed at residential premises or anywhere downstream of the secondary transformer, it will provide another electricity source thus, relieving the loading on the transformers. Another synergetic or mitigating effect could be envisioned when high PV penetration reverts the power flow upward in the distribution system (from the homes upstream into the distribution system). Protection schemes may then no longer work and voltage violation (exceeding the voltage upper limited of the ANSI voltage range) may occur. In this particular situation, EV charging could absorb the electricity from the PV, such that the reversal of power flow can be reduced or alleviated. Given these potential mutual synergistic behaviors of PV and EV technologies, this project attempted to quantify the benefits of combining the two technologies. Furthermore, of interest was how advanced EV control strategies may influence the outcome of the synergy between EV charging and distributed PV installations. Particularly, Californian utility companies with high penetration of the distributed PV technology, who have experienced voltage control problems, are interested how intelligent EV charging could support or affect the voltage control
Tuffner, Francis K.; Chassin, Forrest S.; Kintner-Meyer, Michael CW; Gowri, Krishnan
Lagrangian finite element analysis of the penetration of earth penetrating weapons
Buried targets, such as hardened missile silos, that are resistant to the effects of air blast from above-ground or surface-burst explosions may be vulnerable to the effects of ground motion produced by nearby underground explosions. An earth penetrating weapon (EPW) is being developed to exploit this phenomena. To design the EPW system, loads on the weapon due to the penetration event must be determined. This paper presents the methodology for performing Lagrangian finite-element analysis of the penetration event in two and three dimensions. In order to describe the methodology, results from analyses done for a particular EPW impacting a particular target medium are presented. The results for impacts with nonzero angles of incidence and nonzero angles of attack show the importance of being able to calculate three dimensional penetration loads. 62 figs.
Rosinsky, R.W.
Deploying High Penetration Photovoltaic Systems: A Case Study
Photovoltaic (PV) system capacity penetration, or simply 'penetration,' is often defined as the rated power output of the aggregate PV systems on a distribution circuit segment divided by the peak load of that circuit segment. Industry experts agree that a single value defining high penetration is not universally applicable. However, it is generally agreed that a conservative value to designate high penetration is the condition when the ratio of aggregate PV systems ratings to peak load exceeds 15%. This case study illustrates the case of a distribution feeder which is able to accommodate a traditional capacity penetration level of 47%, and perhaps more. New maximum penetration levels need to be defined and verified and enhanced definitions for penetration on a distribution circuit need to be developed. The new penetration definitions and studies will help utility engineers, system developers, and regulatory agencies better agree what levels of PV deployment can be attained without jeopardizing the reliability and power quality of a circuit.
Coddington, M. H.; Baca, D.; Kroposki, B. D.; Basso, T.
Value of storage with increased renewable penetration.
The problem statement for this project is: (1) Renewable energy portfolio standards - (a) high penetration of intermittent and variable renewable generation on the grid, (b) utilities constrained by NERC Control Performance Standards, (c) requires additional resources to match generation with load; and (2) mitigation of impacts with energy storage - at what level of renewable penetration does energy storage become an attractive value proposition. Use a simplified, yet robust dispatch model that: (a) incorporates New Mexico Balance Area load and wind generation data, (b) distributes the load among a suite of generators, (c) quantifies increased generation costs with increased penetration of intermittent and variable renewable generation - fuel, startup, shut down, ramping, standby, etc., (d) tracks and quantifies NERC pentalties and violations, and (e) quantifies storage costs. Dispatch model has been constructed and it: (a) accurately distributes a load among a suite of generators, (b) quantifies duty cycle metrics for each of the generators - cumulative energy production, ramping and non ramping duration, spinning reserves, number of start-ups, and shut down durations, etc., (c) quantifies energy exchanges - cumulative exchanges, duration, and number of exchanges, (d) tracks ACE violations.
Brainard, James Robert; Roach, Jesse Dillon
Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV
Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV with Grid Support Features Electric Energy System #12;#12;Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV project titled "Distribution System Analysis Tools for Studying High Penetration of PV with Grid Support
Penetration through a wall: Is it reality?
A tennis ball is not expected to penetrate through a brick wall since a motion under a barrier is impossible in classical mechanics. With quantum effects a motion of a particle through a barrier is allowed due to quantum tunneling. According to usual theories of tunneling, the particle density decays inside a classical barrier resulting in an extremely slow pentration process. However, there are no general laws forbidding fast motion through classical barriers. The problem addressed is investigation of unusual features o quantum tunneling through a classic static barrier which is at least two-dimensional. Here we show that penetration through such barrier can be not slow. When the barrier satisfies the certain conditions, a regime of quantum lens is possible with formation of caustics. De Broglie waves are reflected from the caustics, interfere, and result in a not small flux from under the barrier. This strongly contrasts to the usual scenario with a decaying under-barrier density. We construct a particular example of fast motion through a classical barrier. One can unexectedly conclude that, in principle, nature allows fast penetration through classical barriers which against common sense. The phenomenon may be responsible for a variety of processes in labs and nature. For example, tunneling in solids may occur with a different scenario, in biophysics and chemistry one can specify conditions for unusual reactions, and evanescent optical waves may strongly change their properties. In condensed matter and cosmic physics there are phenomena with misterious reasons of an energy emission, for instance, gamma-ray bursts. One can try to treat them in the context of fast escape from under some barriers.
B. Ivlev
Power Flow Management in a High Penetration Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power System with Short-Term Energy Storage
This paper is intended as an introduction to some of the control challenges faced by developers of high penetration wind-diesel systems, with a focus on the management of power flows in order to achieve precise regulation of frequency and voltage in the face of rapidly varying wind power input and load conditions. The control algorithms presented herein are being implemented in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) high penetration wind-diesel system controller that will be installed in the village of Wales, Alaska, in early 2000.
Drouilhet, S. M.
Light-Heavy Price Difference Varies
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Light-Heavy Price Difference Varies ; Function of Crude Market Factors ; Function of Conversion Capacity ; Function of Product Market Factors
Redshift of photons penetrating a hot plasma
A new interaction, plasma redshift, is derived, which is important only when photons penetrate a hot, sparse electron plasma. The derivation of plasma redshift is based entirely on conventional axioms of physics, without any new assumptions. The calculations are only more exact than those usually found in the literature. When photons penetrate a cold and dense electron plasma, they lose energy through ionization and excitation, through Compton scattering on the individual electrons, and through Raman scattering on the plasma frequency. But when the plasma is very hot and has low density, such as in the solar corona, the photons lose energy also in plasma redshift, which is an interaction with the electron plasma. The energy loss of a photon per electron in the plasma redshift is about equal to the product of the photon�s energy and one half of the Compton cross-section per electron. This energy loss (plasma redshift of the photons) consists of very small quanta, which are absorbed by the plasma and cause a significant heating. In quiescent solar corona, this heating starts in the transition zone to the solar corona and is a major fraction of the coronal heating. Plasma redshift contributes also to the heating of the interstellar plasma, the galactic corona, and the intergalactic plasma. Plasma redshift explains
Ari Brynjolfsson
High Penetration Photovoltaic Case Study Report
Technical concerns with integrating higher penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) systems include grid stability, voltage regulation, power quality (voltage rise, sags, flicker, and frequency fluctuations), and protection and coordination. The current utility grid was designed to accommodate power flows from the central generation source to the transmission system and eventually to the distribution feeders. At the distribution level, the system was designed to carry power from the substation toward the load. Renewable distributed generation, particularly solar PV, provides power at the distribution level challenging this classical paradigm. As these resources become more commonplace the nature of the distribution network and its operation is changing to handle power flow in both directions. This report is focused on large PV installations in which penetration is significantly greater than 15% of maximum daytime feeder load. These case studies are intended to demonstrate success stories with integration of large PV plants at the distribution level as well as some of the solutions used by the utility to ensure safe, reliable operation of both the PV system and the distribution network.
Bank, J.; Mather, B.; Keller, J.; Coddington, M.
Geothermal technology development at Sandia
Geothermal technology development at Sandia consists of work in two major project areas - Hard Rock Penetration and Magma Energy Extraction. The Hard Rock Penetration Program is directed at reducing drilling costs for geothermal wells. Current activities are focused in three areas: borehole mechanics, rock penetration mechanics, and industry cost-shared research. The Magma Energy Extraction Program is investigating the engineering feasibility of utilizing crustal magma bodies as a source of energy. Work is divided into four major areas: geophysics, geochemistry/materials, drilling, and energy extraction.
Drilling technology/GDO
The Geothermal Technology Division of the US Department of Energy is sponsoring two programs related to drilling technology. The first is aimed at development of technology that will lead to reduced costs of drilling, completion, and logging of geothermal wells. This program has the official title ''Hard Rock Penetration Mechanics.'' The second program is intended to share with private industry the cost of development of technology that will result in solutions to the near term geothermal well problems. This program is referred to as the ''Geothermal Drilling Organization''. The Hard Rock Penetration Mechanics Program was funded at $2.65M in FY85 and the GDO was funded at $1.0M in FY85. This paper details the past year's activities and accomplishments and projects the plans for FY86 for these two programs.
Kelsey, J.R.
Obstacle penetrating dynamic radar imaging system
An obstacle penetrating dynamic radar imaging system for the detection, tracking, and imaging of an individual, animal, or object comprising a multiplicity of low power ultra wideband radar units that produce a set of return radar signals from the individual, animal, or object, and a processing system for said set of return radar signals for detection, tracking, and imaging of the individual, animal, or object. The system provides a radar video system for detecting and tracking an individual, animal, or object by producing a set of return radar signals from the individual, animal, or object with a multiplicity of low power ultra wideband radar units, and processing said set of return radar signals for detecting and tracking of the individual, animal, or object.
Romero, Carlos E. (Livermore, CA); Zumstein, James E. (Livermore, CA); Chang, John T. (Danville, CA); Leach, Jr.. Richard R. (Castro Valley, CA)
A new interaction, plasma redshift, is derived, which is important only when photons penetrate a hot, sparse electron plasma. The derivation of plasma redshift is based entirely on conventional axioms of physics. When photons penetrate a cold and dense plasma, they lose energy through ionization and excitation, Compton scattering on the individual electrons, and Raman scattering on the plasma frequency. But in sparse hot plasma, such as in the solar corona, the photons lose energy also in plasma redshift. The energy loss per electron in the plasma redshift is about equal to the product of the photon's energy and one half of the Compton cross-section per electron. In quiescent solar corona, this heating starts in the transition zone to the corona and is a major fraction of the coronal heating. Plasma redshift contributes also to the heating of the interstellar plasma, the galactic corona, and the intergalactic plasma. Plasma redshift explains the solar redshifts, the redshifts of the galactic corona, the cosmological redshifts, the cosmic microwave background, and the X-ray background. The plasma redshift explains the observed magnitude-redshift relation for supernovae SNe Ia without the big bang, dark matter, or dark energy. There is no cosmic time dilation. The universe is not expanding. The plasma redshift, when compared with experiments, shows that the photons' classical gravitational redshifts are reversed as the photons move from the Sun to the Earth. This is a quantum mechanical effect. As seen from the Earth, a repulsion force acts on the photons. This means that there is no need for Einstein's Lambda term. The universe is quasi-static, infinite, and everlasting.
Penetrating Insights: NIST Airframe Tests Help Ensure Better ...
Penetrating Insights: NIST Airframe Tests Help Ensure Better Shielding for Flight ... were a Boeing 737-200 and a Bombardier Global 5000 business ...
Multi-Well Sample Plate Cover Penetration System for Automated ...
Current Weather. Protocol Office. Where to stay. Tri ... LLNL's multi-well plate cover penetration system is an array cutting and tape folding tool, based on 96-well ...
Characterization of nuclear reactor containment penetrations. Preliminary report
This report summarizes the survey work conducted by Argonne National Laboratory on the design and details of major penetrations in 22 nuclear power plants. The survey includes all containment types and materials in current use. It also includes details of all types of penetrations (except for electrical penetration assemblies and valves) and the seals and gaskets used in them. The report provides a test matrix for testing major penetrations and for testing seals and gaskets in order to evaluate their leakage potential under severe accident conditions.
Bump, T.R.; Seidensticker, R.W.; Shackelford, M.A.; Gambhir, V.K.; McLennan, G.L.
Forecasting new product penetration with flexible substitution patterns
choice model for forecasting demand for alternative-fuel7511, Urban Travel Demand Forecasting Project, Institute of89 (1999) 109�129 Forecasting new product penetration with ?
Brownstone, David; Train, Kenneth
7511, Urban Travel Demand Forecasting Project, Institute ofchoice model for forecasting demand for alternative-fuel89 (1999) 109�129 Forecasting new product penetration with
Geothermal technology development program. Annual progress report, October 1981-September 1982
The status of ongoing Research and Development (R and D) within the Geothermal Technology Development Program is described. The program emphasizes research in rock penetration mechanics, fluid technology, borehole mechanics, diagnostics technology, and permeability enhancement.
Enabling Greater Penetration of Solar Power via the Use of CSP with Thermal Energy Storage
At high penetration of solar generation there are a number of challenges to economically integrating this variable and uncertain resource. These include the limited coincidence between the solar resource and normal demand patterns and limited flexibility of conventional generators to accommodate variable generation resources. Of the large number of technologies that can be used to enable greater penetration of variable generators, concentrating solar power (CSP) with thermal energy storage (TES) presents a number of advantages. The use of storage enables this technology to shift energy production to periods of high demand or reduced solar output. In addition, CSP can provide substantial grid flexibility by rapidly changing output in response to the highly variable net load created by high penetration of solar (and wind) generation. In this work we examine the degree to which CSP may be complementary to PV by performing a set of simulations in the U.S. Southwest to demonstrate the general potential of CSP with TES to enable greater use of solar generation, including additional PV.
Denholm, P.; Mehos, M.
Fractal analysis of time varying data
Characteristics of time varying data, such as an electrical signal, are analyzed by converting the data from a temporal domain into a spatial domain pattern. Fractal analysis is performed on the spatial domain pattern, thereby producing a fractal dimension D.sub.F. The fractal dimension indicates the regularity of the time varying data.
Vo-Dinh, Tuan (Knoxville, TN); Sadana, Ajit (Oxford, MS)
Numerical simulations of oblique penetration into reinforced concrete targets
A dynamic constitutive model based on the tensile and the compressive damage models for concrete was developed and implemented into the three-dimensional finite element code, LS-DYNA. Numerical simulations of oblique penetration into reinforced concrete ... Keywords: Dynamic damage model, Numerical simulation, Oblique penetration, Reinforced concrete
Yan Liu; Fenglei Huang; Aie Ma
Penetration of the LCLS Injector Shield Wall at Sector 20
Penetrations through the LCLS injector shield wall are needed for the alignment of the accelerator, a diagnostic laser beam and utilities, and are shown in figure 1. The 1-inch diameter LCLS injector beam tube is blocked by the PPS stopper when the injector side of the wall is occupied. The two 3-inch diameter penetrations above and to the left of the beam tube are used by Precision Alignment and will be open only during installation of the injector beamline. Additional 3-inch diameter penetrations are for laser beams which will be used for electron beam diagnostics. These will not be plugged when the injector occupied. Other penetrations for the RF waveguide and other utilities are approximately 13-inch from the floor and as such are far from the line-of-sight of any radiation sources. The waveguide and utility penetrations pass only through the thicker wall as shown in the figure. The principal issue is with the two laser penetrations, since these will be open when the linac is operating and people are in the LCLS injector area. A principal concern is radiation streaming through the penetrations due to direct line-of sight of the PEP-2 lines. To answer this, fans of rays were traced through the 3-inch diameter laser penetrations as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 gives the top view of the shield walls, the main linac and PEP-2 lines, and the ray-fans. The fans appear to originate between the walls since their angular envelope is defined by the greatest angle possible when rays are just on the 3-inch diameter at the inner most and outermost wall surfaces. The crossovers of all possible rays lie half way between these two surfaces. As the end-on view of Figure 3 clearly shows, there is no direct line-of-sight through the laser penetrations of the PEP-2 or linac beamlines.
Dowell, D
Simulation of Armor Penetration by Tungsten Rods: ALEGRA Validation Report
Results from simulations of the impact and penetration of tungsten alloy rods into thick rolled armor plates are presented. The calculations were performed with the CTH and ALEGRA computer codes using the DOE massively parallel TFLOPS computer co-developed by Sandia National Laboratory and Intel Corporation. Comparisons with experimental results are presented. Agreement of the two codes with each other and with the empirical results for penetration channel depth and radius is very close. Other shock physics and penetration features are also compared to simulation results. Distribution Category UC-705 ii Intentionally Left Blank iii Contents List of Figures ....................................................................................................... p. iv List of Tables ..........................................................................................................p. v Executive Summary ..............................................................................
Daniel E. Carroll; Eugene S. Hertel, Jr.; Timothy G. Trucano; Category Uc
Aerosol penetration through a seismically loaded shear wall
An experimental study was performed to measure the aerosol penetration through a reinforced concrete shear wall after simulated seismic damage. Static load-cycle testing, to stress levels sufficient to induce visible shear cracking, was used to simulate the earthquake loading. Air permeability tests were performed both before and after the simulated seismic loading damaged the structure. Aerosol penetration measurements were conducted on the cracked shear wall structure using 0.10 {mu}m monodisperse particles. The measured aerosol number penetration through the cracked shear wall was 0.5%. 7 refs.
Farrar, C.R.; Girrens, S.P.
Simulation of armor penetration by tungsten rods: ALEGRA validation report
Results from simulations of the impact and penetration of tungsten alloy rods into thick rolled armor plates are presented. The calculations were performed with the CTH and ALEGRA computer codes using the DOE massively parallel TFLOPS computer co-developed by Sandia National Laboratory and Intel Corporation. Comparisons with experimental results are presented. Agreement of the two codes with each other and with the empirical results for penetration channel depth and radius is very close. Other shock physics and penetration features are also compared to simulation results.
Carroll, D.E.; Hertel, E.S. Jr.; Trucano, T.G.
First laboratory perforating tests in coal show lower-than-expected penetration
Worldwide Coal Bed Methane (CBM) resources are huge, estimated at 3,000 to 9,000 Tcf. The production rate from CBM reservoirs is low, perhaps 50-100 mcf/day. Various completion methods are being evaluated and new technologies are being developed with the aim of increasing production rates. Considering this interest and activity level, little attention has been paid to the CBM completion fundamentals. Perforating is a critical part of this process, especially considering the PRB development migration from single-coal, open-hole completions into multi-zone, cased-hole completions. This paper describes the first known laboratory-testing program to investigate shaped charge penetration in coal targets. We describe mechanical properties of the coals tested, and penetration results for different shaped charges (of different designs), shot at various stress conditions. CT scan and cutaway imaging of the perforation tunnels are also discussed. Tests were conducted under dry and saturated conditions. The preliminary experiments reported here indicate that shaped charge penetration in coal is significantly less than expected, considering the target's density and strength. The authors provide insight into what may be the reasons for these unexpected results and recommend a path forward for shaped charge testing, designs, predictive tools, and how to optimize CBM completions.
Snider, P.M.; Walton, I.C.; Skinner, T.K.; Atwood, D.C.; Grove, B.M.; Graham, C.
Changes in the Economic Value of Variable Generation at High Penetration Levels: A Pilot Case Study of California
TES Avg. DA Wholesale Price PV Penetration (% Annual Load) (Generation Sold at Low Prices PV Penetration (% AnnualTES Avg. DA Wholesale Price PV Penetration (% Annual Load) (
Mills, Andrew
The effect of TDC temperature and density on the liquid-phase fuel penetration in a D.I. Diesel engine
A parametric study of the liquid-phase fuel penetration of evaporating Diesel fuel jets has been conducted in a directinjection Diesel engine using laser elastic-scatter imaging. The experiments were conducted in an optically accessible Diesel engine of the ``heavy-duty`` size class at a representative medium speed (1200 rpm) operating condition. The density and temperature at TDC were varied systematically by adjusting the intake temperature and pressure. At all operating conditions the measurements show that initially the liquid fuel penetrates almost linearly with increasing crank angle until reaching a maximum length. Then, the liquid-fuel penetration length remains fairly constant although fuel injection continues. At a TDC density of 16.6 kg/m{sup 3} and a temperature of about 1000 K the maximum penetration length is approximately 23 mm. However, it varies significantly as TDC conditions are changed, with the liquid-length being less at higher temperatures and at higher densities. The corresponding apparent heat release rate plots are presented and the results of the liquid-phase fuel penetration are discussed with respect to the ignition delay and premixed bum fraction.
Espey, C. [Daimler-Benz AG, Stuttgart (Germany); Dec, J.E. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Determining the Adequate Level of Distributed Generation Penetration...
Determining the Adequate Level of Distributed Generation Penetration in Future Grids Speaker(s): Johan Driesen Date: March 18, 2004 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar HostPoint...
Maximum Photovoltaic Penetration Levels on Typical Distribution Feeders: Preprint
This paper presents simulation results for a taxonomy of typical distribution feeders with various levels of photovoltaic (PV) penetration. For each of the 16 feeders simulated, the maximum PV penetration that did not result in steady-state voltage or current violation is presented for several PV location scenarios: clustered near the feeder source, clustered near the midpoint of the feeder, clustered near the end of the feeder, randomly located, and evenly distributed. In addition, the maximum level of PV is presented for single, large PV systems at each location. Maximum PV penetration was determined by requiring that feeder voltages stay within ANSI Range A and that feeder currents stay within the ranges determined by overcurrent protection devices. Simulations were run in GridLAB-D using hourly time steps over a year with randomized load profiles based on utility data and typical meteorological year weather data. For 86% of the cases simulated, maximum PV penetration was at least 30% of peak load.
Hoke, A.; Butler, R.; Hambrick, J.; Kroposki, B.
The Penetration of Mountain Waves into the Middle Atmosphere
A linear nonhydrostatic model of gravity waves forced by a bell-shaped ridge is used to investigate the penetration of mountain waves into the stratosphere and mesosphere during winter and fall. Gravity waves with horizontal scales less than 30 ...
Mark R. Schoeberl
Transmission System Performance Analysis for High-Penetration Photovoltaics
This study is an assessment of the potential impact of high levels of penetration of photovoltaic (PV) generation on transmission systems. The effort used stability simulations of a transmission system with different levels of PV generation and load.
Achilles, S.; Schramm, S.; Bebic, J.
Effects of Penetrative Radiation on the Upper Tropical Ocean Circulation
The effects of penetrative radiation on the upper tropical ocean circulation have been investigated with an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with attenuation depths derived from remotely sensed ocean color data. The OGCM is a reduced ...
Raghu Murtugudde; James Beauchamp; Charles R. McClain; Marlon Lewis; Antonio J. Busalacchi
Geothermal Energy Market Study on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Geothermal Energy Market penetration: development of a model for the residential sector
A model has been developed that examines the feasibility of using geothermal technology in heating residential structures. Specific account is taken of the small contribution of new housing to the total stock in any given year and of the durability of houses and their furnaces. Both aspects constrain the penetration of geothermal energy into the residential market. After a discussion of other market penetration paradigms, a simple model of market penetration is developed that is based on the premise that homeowners will not abandon an existing furnace until its economic life is over. Next, behavioral parameters are discussed and the model is extended from 20 to 40 years. Finally, methods are discussed for collecting the needed data to determine market penetration, and ideas are proposed of ways to induce homeowners to give up economically viable furnaces to allow the firm providing the energy to reduce costs.
Goodman, A.C.
Modeling the Long-Term Market Penetration of Wind in the United States
This paper presents an overview of the Wind Deployment Systems Model (WinDS). WinDS is a multiregional, multitime-period, Geographic Information System (GIS), and linear programming model of capacity expansion in the electric sector of the United States. WinDS is designed to address the principal market issues related to the penetration of wind energy technologies into the electric sector. These principal market issues include access to and cost of transmission, and the intermittency of wind power. WinDS addresses these issues through a highly discretized regional structure, explicit accounting for the variability in wind output over time, and consideration of ancillary services requirements and costs.
Short, W.; Blair, N.; Heimiller, D.; Singh, V.
Geothermal hydrothermal direct heat use: US market size and market penetration estimates
This study estimates the future regional and national market penetration path of hydrothermal geothermal direct heat applications in the United States. A Technology Substitution Model (MARPEN) is developed and used to estimate the energy market shares captured by low-temperature (50 to 150/sup 0/C) hydrothermal geothermal energy systems over the period 1985 to 2020. The sensitivity of hydrothermal direct heat market shares to various government hydrothermal commercialization policies is examined. Several substantive recommendations to help accelerate commercialization of geothermal direct heat utilization in the United States are indicated and possible additional analyses are discussed.
El Sawy, A.H.; Entingh, D.J.
Solar mass-varying neutrino oscillations
We propose that the solar neutrino deficit may be due to oscillations of mass-varying neutrinos (MaVaNs). This scenario elucidates solar neutrino data beautifully while remaining comfortably compatible with atmospheric neutrino and K2K data and with reactor antineutrino data at short and long baselines (from CHOOZ and KamLAND). We find that the survival probability of solar MaVaNs is independent of how the suppression of neutrino mass caused by the acceleron-matter couplings varies with density. Measurements of MeV and lower energy solar neutrinos will provide a rigorous test of the idea.
V. Barger; Patrick Huber; Danny Marfatia
The Potential Impact of Increased Renewable Energy Penetrations on Electricity Bill Savings from Residential Photovoltaic Systems
Penetrations on Electricity Bill Savings from ResidentialPENETRATIONS ON ELECTRICITY BILL SAVINGS FROM RESIDENTIALBill Savings In this paper, we have chosen two compensation mechanisms for electricity
Barbose, Galen
Voltage stability limits for weak power systems with high wind penetration.
??Analysis of power system voltage stability has practical value in increasing wind penetration levels. As wind penetration levels increase in power systems, voltage stability challenges� (more)
Tamimi, Ala
Geothermal technology publications and related reports: a bibliography, January-December 1983
This annotated bibliography covers the work of Sandia National Laboratories in the following areas: rock penetration mechanics, fluid technology, borehole mechanics, diagnostic technology, and systems analysis/program summaries. (MHR)
Cooper, D.L. (ed.)
Partnerships for Clean Development and Climate: Business and Technology Cooperation Benefits
one of a kind. The costs of renewable energy technologies inrenewable energy technologies should their penetration be encouraged despite the higher costRenewable Options, Costs and Capacity, India����������.5 Cost-effective Energy
Sathaye, Jayant A.; Price, Lynn; Kumar, Satish; de la Rue du Can, Stephane; Warfield, Corina; Padmanabhan, S.
Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Volume 1: Exploration of High-Penetration Renewable Electricity Futures
The Renewable Electricity Futures (RE Futures) Study investigated the challenges and impacts of achieving very high renewable electricity generation levels in the contiguous United States by 2050. The analysis focused on the sufficiency of the geographically diverse U.S. renewable resources to meet electricity demand over future decades, the hourly operational characteristics of the U.S. grid with high levels of variable wind and solar generation, and the potential implications of deploying high levels of renewables in the future. RE Futures focused on technical aspects of high penetration of renewable electricity; it did not focus on how to achieve such a future through policy or other measures. Given the inherent uncertainties involved with analyzing alternative long-term energy futures as well as the multiple pathways that might be taken to achieve higher levels of renewable electricity supply, RE Futures explored a range of scenarios to investigate and compare the impacts of renewable electricity penetration levels (30%-90%), future technology performance improvements, potential constraints to renewable electricity development, and future electricity demand growth assumptions. RE Futures was led by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Mai, T.; Wiser, R.; Sandor, D.; Brinkman, G.; Heath, G.; Denholm, P.; Hostick, D.J.; Darghouth, N.; Schlosser, A.; Strzepek, K.
Evaluating Future Standards and Codes with a Focus on High Penetration Photovoltaic (HPPV) System Deployment (Poster)
Poster displaying solutions for evaluating future standards and codes for high penetration photovoltaic (HPPV) systems.
Coddington, M.; Kroposki, B.; Basso, T.; Lynn, K.
Impact of High Solar Penetration in the Western Interconnection
Impact of High Solar Penetration Impact of High Solar Penetration in the Western Interconnection Debra Lew National Renewable Energy Laboratory Nicholas Miller, Kara Clark, Gary Jordan, and Zhi Gao GE Energy Technical Report NREL/TP-5500-49667 December 2010 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Impact of High Solar Penetration in the Western Interconnection Debra Lew National Renewable Energy Laboratory Nicholas Miller, Kara Clark, Gary Jordan, and Zhi Gao GE Energy Prepared under Task No. SM101610
Southern California Edison High Penetration Photovoltaic Project - Year 1
This report discusses research efforts from the first year of a project analyzing the impacts of high penetration levels of photovoltaic (PV) resources interconnected onto Southern California Edison's (SCE's) distribution system. SCE will be interconnecting a total of 500 MW of commercial scale PV within their service territory by 2015. This Year 1 report describes the need for investigating high-penetration PV scenarios on the SCE distribution system; discusses the necessary PV system modeling and distribution system simulation advances; describes the available distribution circuit data for the two distribution circuits identified in the study; and discusses the additional inverter functionality that could be implemented in order to specifically mitigate some of the undesirable distribution system impacts caused by high-penetration PV installations.
Mather, B.; Kroposki, B.; Neal, R.; Katiraei, F.; Yazdani, A.; Aguero, J. R.; Hoff, T. E.; Norris, B. L.; Parkins, A.; Seguin, R.; Schauder, C.
Slagging coal gasifiers are used for the production of electricity and synthetic gases, as well as chemicals. High temperatures in the reaction chamber, typically between 1250�C and 1600�C, high pressure, generally greater than 400 psi, and corrosive slag place severe demands on the refractory materials. Slag produced during the combustion of coal flows over the refractory surface and penetrates the porous material. Slag penetration is typically followed by spalling of a brick that significantly decreases the service life of gasifier refractories. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the penetration depth of slags into high-chromia refractories as a function of time and temperature for various refractory-slag combinations.
Longanbach, Sara C.; Matyas, Josef; Sundaram, S. K.
Angle Instability Detection in Power Systems with High Wind Penetration
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Angle Instability Detection in Power Angle Instability Detection in Power Systems with High Wind Penetration Using PMUs YC Zhang National Renewable Energy Laboratory firstname.lastname@example.com 27/28 June 2013 Washington, DC DOE/OE Transmission Reliability Program Angle Instability Detection in Power Systems with High Wind Penetration Using Synchrophasor Measurements Project Objective * Utilize synchrophasor measurements to estimate the equivalent inertia of a power source such as synchronous generators or wind turbine generators * Develop angle instability detection method for a system with high wind penetration using the synchrophasor measurements 2 3 Background Submitted to IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics * In case of angular instability, some machines will have
Multi-well sample plate cover penetration system
An apparatus for penetrating a cover over a multi-well sample plate containing at least one individual sample well includes a cutting head, a cutter extending from the cutting head, and a robot. The cutting head is connected to the robot wherein the robot moves the cutting head and cutter so that the cutter penetrates the cover over the multi-well sample plate providing access to the individual sample well. When the cutting head is moved downward the foil is pierced by the cutter that splits, opens, and folds the foil inward toward the well. The well is then open for sample aspiration but has been protected from cross contamination.
Beer, Neil Reginald (Pleasanton, CA)
Recent advances in understanding perforator penetration and flow performance
Driven by the importance of perforation performance in both natural and stimulated completions, understanding of the factors that control penetration depth and formation damage has improved significantly over the last 10 years. Improved test procedures and their tabulated results are now available to predict downhole penetration as a function of rock properties and overburden stress. Progress has also been made in understanding the nature of permeability damage around perforations and how to prevent, remove, or bypass it. In particular, the mechanisms behind underbalanced perforating are being clarified, leading to better engineering of perforating procedures and better prediction of their results.
Halleck, P.M. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Impact of High Wind Power Penetration on Hydroelectric Unit Operations
The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS) investigated the operational impacts of very high levels of variable generation penetration rates (up to 35% by energy) in the western United States. This work examines the impact of this large amount of wind penetration on hydroelectric unit operations. Changes in hydroelectric unit operating unit patterns are examined for an aggregation of all hydro generators. The cost impacts of maintaining hydro unit flexibility are assessed and compared for a number of different modes of system operation.
Hodge, B. M.; Lew, D.; Milligan, M.
Technology Transfer: Available Technologies
Materials Biofuels Biofuels Biotechnology and Medecine Biotechnology & Medicine Chemistry Developing World Energy Efficient Technologies Energy Environmental Technologies...
Analysis of High-Penetration Levels of Photovoltaics into the Distribution Grid on Oahu, Hawaii: Detailed Analysis of HECO Feeder WF1
Renewable generation is growing at a rapid rate due to the incentives available and the aggressive renewable portfolio standard targets implemented by state governments. Distributed generation in particular is seeing the fastest growth among renewable energy projects, and is directly related to the incentives. Hawaii has the highest electricity costs in the country due to the high percentage of oil burning steam generation, and therefore has some of the highest penetration of distributed PV in the nation. The High Penetration PV project on Oahu aims to understand the effects of high penetration PV on the distribution level, to identify penetration levels creating disturbances on the circuit, and to offer mitigating solutions based on model results. Power flow models are validated using data collected from solar resources and load monitors deployed throughout the circuit. Existing interconnection methods and standards are evaluated in these emerging high penetration scenarios. A key finding is a shift in the level of detail to be considered and moving away from steady-state peak time analysis towards dynamic and time varying simulations. Each level of normal interconnection study is evaluated and enhanced to a new level of detail, allowing full understanding of each issue.
Stewart, E.; MacPherson, J.; Vasilic, S.; Nakafuji, D.; Aukai, T.
Cloud-Level Penetrative Compressible Convection in the Venus Atmosphere
A two-dimensional, nonlinear, fully compressible model of a perfect gas is used to simulate cloud-level penetrative convection in the Venus atmosphere from 40 to 60 km altitude. Three cases with different amounts of solar heating are considered: ...
R. David Baker; Gerald Schubert; Philip W. Jones
The Penetration of Tritium into the Tropical Pacific
The persistence of subsurface tritium maxima coincident with the Equatorial Currents is used to show that advection along isopycnals by the mean wind-driven circulation is the dominant process in the at most 14-year time scale for the penetration ...
Rana A. Fine; William H. Peterson; H. Gote Ostlund
Multi-vendor Penetration Testing in the Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Multi-vendor Penetration Testing in the Advanced Metering Infrastructure Stephen McLaughlin, Dmitry,firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract - The advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is revolutionizing electrical grids. Intelligent AMI usage data, spoofing meters, and extracting sensitive data from internal regis- ters. More broadly, we
McDaniel, Patrick Drew
Molecular Partitioning during Host Cell Penetration by Toxoplasma gondii
Molecular Partitioning during Host Cell Penetration by Toxoplasma gondii Audra J. Charron and L. David Sibley Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis of molecular reporters for raft and nonraft membrane sub- domains was monitored during parasite invasion
Arnold, Jonathan
Reinforced concrete perforation and penetration simulation using AUTODYN-3D
3D hydrocode simulation on the perforation and penetration of reinforced concrete target has been performed. The simulation aims to examine the influence of the following constitutive models for concrete on a projectile's residual velocity: (1) constant-yield ... Keywords: Constitutive model, Hydrocode, Perforation, Projectile, Reinforced concrete
C. Y. Tham
Slag Penetration into Refractory Lining of Slagging Coal Gasifier
The impurities in coal are converted into molten slag typically containing SiO2, FeO, CaO, and Al2O3 when coal feedstock is burned in slagging gasifiers. The slag flows down the gasifier sidewalls, dissolves, and penetrates and reacts with the refractory lining that protects the stainless steel shell of the gasifier from elevated temperatures (1300�1600�C). Refractories composed primarily of Cr2O3 have been found most resistant to slag corrosion, but they continue to fail performance requirements because of low resistance to spalling. Post-mortem analysis of high-chromia refractory bricks collected from commercial gasifiers suggests that the spalling is affected by the depth of slag penetration that is in turn affected by the wettability and interconnected porosity of the refractory as well as the slag viscosity. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure the viscosity of slags (Wyoming Powder River Basin [PRB], Pocahontas #3, and Pittsburgh #8), their contact angle on refractories (chromia-alumina [Aurex 75SR] and high-chromia [Serv 95 and Aurex 95P]), and the apparent porosity of selected refractories. In addition, the depth of slag penetration as a function of time and temperature was determined for various refractory-slag combinations. The results of laboratory tests were used to develop a refractory material that has high resistance to penetration by molten slag and thus has a potential to have a substantially longer service life than the materials currently being used.
Matyas, Josef; Sundaram, S. K.; Rodriguez, Carmen P.; Edmondson, Autumn B.; Arrigoni, Benjamin M.
Time varying, multivariate volume data reduction
Large-scale supercomputing is revolutionizing the way science is conducted. A growing challenge, however, is understanding the massive quantities of data produced by large-scale simulations. The data, typically time-varying, multivariate, and volumetric, can occupy from hundreds of gigabytes to several terabytes of storage space. Transferring and processing volume data of such sizes is prohibitively expensive and resource intensive. Although it may not be possible to entirely alleviate these problems, data compression should be considered as part of a viable solution, especially when the primary means of data analysis is volume rendering. In this paper we present our study of multivariate compression, which exploits correlations among related variables, for volume rendering. Two configurations for multidimensional compression based on vector quantization are examined. We emphasize quality reconstruction and interactive rendering, which leads us to a solution using graphics hardware to perform on-the-fly decompression during rendering. In this paper we present a solution which addresses the need for data reduction in large supercomputing environments where data resulting from simulations occupies tremendous amounts of storage. Our solution employs a lossy encoding scheme to acrueve data reduction with several options in terms of rate-distortion behavior. We focus on encoding of multiple variables together, with optional compression in space and time. The compressed volumes can be rendered directly with commodity graphics cards at interactive frame rates and rendering quality similar to that of static volume renderers. Compression results using a multivariate time-varying data set indicate that encoding multiple variables results in acceptable performance in the case of spatial and temporal encoding as compared to independent compression of variables. The relative performance of spatial vs. temporal compression is data dependent, although temporal compression has the advantage of offering smooth animations, while spatial compression can handle volumes of larger dimensions.
Ahrens, James P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Fout, Nathaniel [UC DAVIS; Ma, Kwan - Liu [UC DAVIS
Vehicle Technologies Office: 2013 Archive
3 Archive to someone 3 Archive to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: 2013 Archive on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: 2013 Archive on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: 2013 Archive on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: 2013 Archive on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: 2013 Archive on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: 2013 Archive on AddThis.com... 2013 Archive #810 Leasing on the Rise December 30, 2013 #809 What Do We Pay for in a Gallon of Gasoline? December 23, 2013 #808 Declining Use of Six- and Eight-Cylinder Engines December 16, 2013 #807 Light Vehicle Weights Leveling Off December 9, 2013 #806 Light Vehicle Market Shares, Model Years 1975-2012 December 2, 2013 #805 Vehicle Technology Penetration November 25, 2013
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Engineering Technology
, Mechatronics Technology, and Renewable Energy Technology. Career Opportunities Graduates of four origin, gender, age, marital status, sexual orientation, status as a Vietnam-era veteran, or disability
Please refer to the list of technologies below for licensing and research collaboration availability. If you can't find the technology you ...
Value of Storage with Increased Penetration of Renewable Generation
of Storage with of Storage with Increased Renewable Penetration Presenter: Jim Brainard Jesse Roach Sandia National Laboratories Energy Infrastructure and DER John Boyes (Manager) Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Funded in part by the Energy Storage Systems Program of the U.S. Department Of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories Problem Statement Renewable energy portfolio standards - High penetration of intermittent and variable renewable generation on the grid - Utilities constrained by NERC Control Performance Standards - Requires additional resources to match
Market penetration analysis for direct heat geothermal energy applications
This study is concerned with the estimation of the National geothermal market potential and penetration in direct heat applications for residences and certain industry segments. An important aspect of this study is that the analysis considers both known and anticipated goethermal resources. This allows for an estimation of the longer-range potential for geothermal applications. Thus the approach and results of this study provide new insights and valuable information not obtained from more limited, site-specific types of analyses. Estimates made in this study track geothermal market potential and projected penetration from the present to the year 2020. Private sector commercialization of geothermal energy over this period requires assistance in the identification of markets and market sizes, potential users, and appropriate technical applications.
Thomas, R.J.; Nelson, R.A.
Impact of Electric Industry Structure on High Wind Penetration Potential
273 273 July 2009 Impact of Electric Industry Structure on High Wind Penetration Potential M. Milligan and B. Kirby National Renewable Energy Laboratory R. Gramlich and M. Goggin American Wind Energy Association National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 Technical Report NREL/TP-550-46273 July 2009 Impact of Electric Industry Structure on High Wind Penetration Potential M. Milligan and B. Kirby National Renewable Energy Laboratory R. Gramlich and M. Goggin American Wind Energy Association
Transition Strategies: Government Options and Market Penetration Scenarios
Transition Strategies Transition Strategies Possible Range of Government Support Options * Hydrogen Fuel Initiative - 2015 commercialization decision * 2015 commercialization decision - 1000s of cars by 2015, and 10,000s of cars by 2018 * 2015 commercialization decision, 100,000s of cars by 2018 * 2010 commercialization decision, 10,000s of cars by 2015 and 100,000s of cars by 2018 * 2010 commercialization decision, 100,000s of cars by 2016 and millions by 2021. These scenarios are provided for transition analyses as recommended by the National Research Council to evaluate the transition phase and do not represent any specific policy recommendation. 3 Market Penetration Scenarios The following scenarios represent the estimated penetration of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCV) given different government incentives:
Numerical Study of Penetrative and �Solid Lid� Nonpenetrative Convective Boundary Layers
A large eddy simulation model was used to generate and compare statistics of turbulence during nonpenetrative and penetrative dry convection. In penetrative convection dimensionless vertical velocities in updrafts were found to have almost the ...
Zbigniew Sorbjan
Dosimeter for measuring skin dose and more deeply penetrating radiation
A personnel dosimeter includes a plurality of compartments containing thermoluminescent dosimeter phosphors for registering radiation dose absorbed in the wearer's sensitive skin layer and for registering more deeply penetrating radiation. Two of the phosphor compartments communicate with thin windows of different thicknesses to obtain a ratio of shallowly penetrating radiation, e.g. beta. A third phosphor is disposed within a compartment communicating with a window of substantially greater thickness than the windows of the first two compartments for estimating the more deeply penetrating radiation dose. By selecting certain phosphors that are insensitive to neutrons and by loading the holder material with netruon-absorbing elements, energetic neutron dose can be estimated separately from other radiation dose. This invention also involves a method of injection molding of dosimeter holders with thin windows of consistent thickness at the corresponding compartments of different holders. This is achieved through use of a die insert having the thin window of precision thickness in place prior to the injection molding step.
Jones, Donald E. (Idaho Falls, ID); Parker, DeRay (Idaho Falls, ID); Boren, Paul R. (Idaho Falls, ID)
High Penetration PV Deployment in the Arizona Public Service System
In an effort to better understand the impacts of high penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) generators on distribution systems, Arizona Public Service (APS) and its partners have begun work on a multi-year project to develop the tools and knowledgebase needed to safely and reliably integrate high penetrations of utility and residential scale PV. Building upon the APS Community Power Project - Flagstaff Pilot, this project will analyze the impact of PV on a representative feeder in northeast Flagstaff. To quantify and catalog the effects of the estimated 1.5 MW of PV that will be installed on the feeder (both smaller units at homes as well as large, centrally located systems), high-speed weather and electrical data acquisition systems and digital 'smart' meters are being designed and installed to facilitate monitoring and to build and validate comprehensive, high-resolution models of the distribution system. These models will be used to analyze the impacts of the PV on distribution circuit protection systems (including anti-islanding), predict voltage regulation and phase balance issues, and develop volt/var control schemes. The goal of this paper is to provide insight and lessons learned on the early stages of high penetration PV deployment. Primarily focusing on modeling and data acquisition, this paper describes the overall project, early results, and plans for future phases of the project.
Narang, D.; Hambrick, J.
Advanced solar thermal technology
The application of dish solar collectors to industrial process heat (IPH) has been reviewed. IPH represents a market for displacement of fossil fuels (10 quads/y). A 10% market penetration would indicate a substantial market for solar thermal systems. Apparently, parabolic dish systems can produce IPH at a lower cost than that of troughs or compound parabolic concentrators, even though dish fabrication costs per unit area are more expensive. Successful tests of point-focusing collectors indicate that these systems can meet the energy requirements for process heat applications. Continued efforts in concentrator and transport technology development are needed. 7 figures.
Leibowitz, L.P.; Hanseth, E.; Liu, T.M.
Calculation of the Effect of Random Superfluid Density on the Temperature Dependence of the Penetration Depth
Microscopic variations in composition or structure can lead to nanoscale inhomogeneity in superconducting properties such as the magnetic penetration depth, but measurements of these properties are usually made on longer length scales. We solve a generalized London equation with a non-uniform penetration depth {lambda}(r), obtaining an approximate solution for the disorder-averaged Meissner screening. We find that the effective penetration depth is different from the average penetration depth and is sensitive to the details of the disorder. These results indicate the need for caution when interpreting measurements of the penetration depth and its temperature dependence in systems which may be inhomogeneous.
Lippman, Thomas; Moler, Kathryn A.
Software: VARI3D - Nuclear Engineering Division (Argonne)
OutLoud on Nuclear Energy Argonne Energy Showcase 2012 Software VARI3D (Perturbation Theory Codes) Bookmark and Share Standard Code Description VARI3D is a generalized...
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Confronting mass-varying neutrinos with MiniBooNE
We study the proposal that mass-varying neutrinos could provide an explanation for the LSND signal for \\bar\
V. Barger; D. Marfatia; K. Whisnant
Parametric studies of penetration events : a design and analysis of experiments approach.
A numerical screening study of the interaction between a penetrator and a geological target with a preformed hole has been carried out to identify the main parameters affecting the penetration event. The planning of the numerical experiment was based on the orthogonal array OA(18,7,3,2), which allows 18 simulation runs with 7 parameters at 3 levels each. The strength of 2 of the array allows also for two-factor interaction studies. The seven parameters chosen for this study are: penetrator offset, hole diameter, hole taper, vertical and horizontal velocity of the penetrator, angle of attack of the penetrator and target material. The analysis of the simulation results has been based on main effects plots and analysis of variance (ANOVA), and it has been performed using three metrics: the maximum values of the penetration depth, penetrator deceleration and plastic strain in the penetrator case. This screening study shows that target material has a major influence on penetration depth and penetrator deceleration, while penetrator offset has the strongest effect on the maximum plastic strain.
Chiesa, Michael L.; Marin, Esteban B.; Booker, Paul M.
Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies
Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies on Delicious Rank Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies on Digg Find More places to share Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies on AddThis.com... About Take Action to Save Energy Partner with DOE Activities Technology Research, Standards, & Codes Popular Links Success Stories Previous Next Lighten Energy Loads with System Design.
Scientific drilling technologies for hostile environments
This paper briefly reviews the current United States Department of Energy Continental Scientific Drilling Program for Thermal Regimes and the related technologies being developed for geothermal drilling. Plans for penetrating into a molten magma body at temperatures from 800 to 1000{degree}C are also reviewed. 7 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Traeger, R.K.
The effect of penetration factor, deposition, and environmental factors on
The effect of penetration factor, deposition, and environmental factors on The effect of penetration factor, deposition, and environmental factors on the indoor concentration of pm2.5 sulfate, nitrate, and carbon Title The effect of penetration factor, deposition, and environmental factors on the indoor concentration of pm2.5 sulfate, nitrate, and carbon Publication Type Conference Proceedings Year of Publication 2002 Authors Thatcher, Tracy L., Melissa M. Lunden, Richard G. Sextro, Susanne V. Hering, and Nancy J. Brown Conference Name Proceedings of the Indoor Air 2002 Conference, Monterey, CA Volume 1 Pagination 846-851 Publisher Indoor Air 2002, Santa Cruz, CA Abstract Indoor exposure to particles of outdoor origin constitutes an important exposure pathway. We conducted an intensive set of indoor particle measurements in an unoccupied house under differing operating conditions. Real-time measurements were conducted both indoors and outdoors, including PM2.5 nitrate, sulfate, and carbon. Because the time-scale of the fluctuations in outdoor particle concentrations and meteorological conditions are often similar to the time constant for building air exchange, a steady state concentration may never be reached. The time-series experimental data were used to determine the effect of changes in air exchange rate and indoor/outdoor temperature and relative humidity differences on indoor particle concentrations. A multivariate regression was performed to investigate the difference between measured indoor concentrations and results from a simple time-dependent physical model. Environmental conditions had a significant effect on indoor concentrations of all three PM2.5 species, but did not explain all of the model variation
Market Penetration Model (MPM) user's guide
This document describes a computer program which calculates the most probable Solar Total Energy System (STES) market penetration and forecasts of energy displacement by geographic location (50 states) and by industrial application (140 industries) for seven time periods (from 1985 to 2015 in five year increments). The program is written in Fortran for the FTN compiler on The Aerospace Corporation's CDC 7600 computer. It consists of approximately 750 cards, including comments. This document contains a description of the program, its inputs and its outputs. Examples of program input and output as well as a sample deck structure are provided. A source listing appears in the appendix.
Timmer, B.R.
Drilling fluid temperatures in a magma - penetrating wellbore
This paper describes the numerical modeling of the drilling fluid temperatures in a deep well that penetrates a magma body. The basic assumptions for the model are listed, the importance of the fluid temperature is considered, and the effect of changing the model parameters is assessed. The stratigraphy and formation temperature profile assumed for this hypothetical well are similar to Long Valley, CA, where a relatively shallow magma body is believed to exist. A major result of this modeling is demonstration of the benefit of insulated drillpipe.
Finger, J.T.
Campbell penetration depth of a superconductor in the critical state.
The magnetic penetration depth {lambda}(T,H{sub J}) was measured in the presence of a slowly relaxing supercurrent j. In single crystal Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8} below approximately 25 K, {lambda}(T,H{sub J}) is strongly hysteretic. We propose that the irreversibility arises from a shift of the vortex position within its pinning well as j changes. The Campbell length depends upon the ratio j/j{sub c} where j{sub c} is the critical current defined through the Labusch parameter. Similar effects were observed in other cuprates and in an organic superconductor.
Prozorov, R.; Giannetta, R. W.; Tamegai, T.; Schlueter, J.; Kini, A. M.; Fournier, P.; Greene, R. L.; Materials Science Division; Univ. of Illinois; Univ. of South Carolina; Univ. of Tokyo; Univ. of Sherbrooke; Univ. of Maryland
Factors affecting potential market penetration of laser fusion power plants
A mini-model has been constructed to estimate the optimal size of laser fusion power plants and to estimate the allowable cost of the first such plant in relation to the next best alternative. In estimating the costs of laser fusion, the mini-model incorporates such factors as market penetration, learning, economies of scale, system size, transmission costs, reserve requirements, development and licensing costs and site costs. The results of the mini-model simulations indicate that the optimal laser fusion plant size is approximately 3 GWe; risk considerations unincorporated in the mini-model suggest an optimal size closer to 2.5 GWe.
Deonigi, D.E.; Fraley, D.W.
Evaluation of tools for renewable energy policy analysis: The renewable energy penetration model
The Energy Policy Act of 1992 establishes a program to support development of renewable energy technologies including a production incentive to public power utilities. Because there is a wide range of possible policy actions that could be taken to increase electric market share for renewables, modeling tools are needed to help make informed decisions regarding future policy. Previous energy modeling tools did not contain the regional or infrastructure focus necessary to examine renewable technologies. As a result, the Department of Energy Office of Utility Technologies (OUT) supported the development of tools for renewable energy policy analysis. Three models were developed: The Renewable Energy Penetration (REP) model, which is a spreadsheet model for determining first-order estimates of policy effects for each of the ten federal regions; the Ten Federal Region Model (TFRM), which employs utility capacity expansion and dispatching decisions; and the Regional Electric Policy Analysis Model (REPAM) which was constructed to allow detailed insight into interactions between policy and technology within an individual region. In 1993, the OUT supported the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE) to form an expert panel to provide an independent review of the REP model and TFRM. This report contains the panel`s evaluation of the REP model; the TFRM is evaluated in a companion report. The panel did not review the REPAM. The panel met for a second time in January 1994 to discuss model simulations and deliberate regarding evaluation outcomes. This report is largely a result of this second meeting. The remainder of this chapter provides a description of the REP model and summarizes the panel`s findings. Individual chapters examine various aspects of the model: demand and load, capacity expansion, dispatching and production costing, reliability, renewables, storage, transmission, financial and regulatory concerns, and environmental effects.
Engle, J.
Characterization of nuclear reactor containment penetrations. Final report
This report concludes a preliminary report prepared by ANL for Sandia, published as NUREG/CR-3855, in June 1984. The preliminary report, NUREG/CR-3855, presented the results of a survey of nuclear reactor containment penetrations, covering the number of plants surveyed at that time (22 total). Since that time, an additional 26 plants have been included in the survey. This final report serves two purposes: (1) to add the summary data sheets and penetration details for the additional plants now included in the survey; and (2) to confirm, revise, or add to analyses and discussions presented in the first report which, of course, were based solely on the earlier sample of 22 plants. This final report follows the outline and format of the preliminary survey report. In general, changes and additions to the preliminary report are implied, rather than stated as such to avoid repeated reference to that report. If no changes have been made in a section the title of the section of the previous report is simply repeated followed by ''No Changes''. Some repetition is used for continuity and clarity.
Shackelford, M.H.; Bump, T.R.; Seidensticker, R.W.
System-wide emissions implications of increased wind power penetration.
This paper discusses the environmental effects of incorporating wind energy into the electric power system. We present a detailed emissions analysis based on comprehensive modeling of power system operations with unit commitment and economic dispatch for different wind penetration levels. First, by minimizing cost, the unit commitment model decides which thermal power plants will be utilized based on a wind power forecast, and then, the economic dispatch model dictates the level of production for each unit as a function of the realized wind power generation. Finally, knowing the power production from each power plant, the emissions are calculated. The emissions model incorporates the effects of both cycling and start-ups of thermal power plants in analyzing emissions from an electric power system with increasing levels of wind power. Our results for the power system in the state of Illinois show significant emissions effects from increased cycling and particularly start-ups of thermal power plants. However, we conclude that as the wind power penetration increases, pollutant emissions decrease overall due to the replacement of fossil fuels.
Valentino, L.; Valenzuela, V.; Botterud, A.; Zhou, Z.; Conzelmann, G. (Decision and Information Sciences); (Univ. of Illinois, Champaign/Urbana); (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Integrating High Penetrations of PV into Southern California
California regulators recently approved a plan proposed by Southern California Edison (SCE) to install 500 MW of distributed photovoltaic (PV) energy in its utility service territory over the next 5 years. The installations will include 250 MW of utility-owned solar and 250 MW of independently owned solar. SCE expects that the majority of these systems will be commercial-scale rooftop PV systems connected at various points in the distribution system. Each of the SCE rooftop PV systems will typically have a rating of 1-3 MW. To understand the impact of high-penetration PV on the distribution grid, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and SCE brought together a team of experts in resource assessment, distribution modeling, and planning to help analyze the impacts of adding high penetration of PV into the distribution system. Through modeling and simulation, laboratory testing, and field demonstrations, the team will address the issues identified in the analysis by fully examining the challenges, developing solutions, and transitioning those solutions to the field for large-scale deployment. This paper gives an update on the project and discusses technical results of integrating a large number of distributed PV systems into the grid.
Kroposki, B.; Mather, B.; Hasper-Tuttle, J.; Neal, R.; Katiraei, F.; Yazdani, A.; Aguero, J. R.; Hoff, T. E.; Norris, B. L.; Parkins, A.; Seguin, R.; Schauder, C.
Campbell penetration depth in Fe-based superconductors
A 'true' critical current density, j{sub c}, as opposite to commonly measured relaxed persistent (Bean) current, j{sub B}, was extracted from the Campbell penetration depth, {lambda}{sub c}(T,H) measured in single crystals of LiFeAs, and optimally electron-doped Ba(Fe{sub 0.954}Ni{sub 0.046}){sub 2}As{sub 2} (FeNi122). In LiFeAs, the effective pinning potential is nonparabolic, which follows from the magnetic field - dependent Labusch parameter {alpha}. At the equilibrium (upon field - cooling), {alpha}(H) is non-monotonic, but it is monotonic at a finite gradient of the vortex density. This behavior leads to a faster magnetic relaxation at the lower fields and provides a natural dynamic explanation for the fishtail (second peak) effect. We also find the evidence for strong pinning at the lower fields.The inferred field dependence of the pinning potential is consistent with the evolution from strong pinning, through collective pinning, and eventually to a disordered vortex lattice. The value of j{sub c}(2 K) {approx_equal} 1.22 x 10{sup 6} A/cm{sup 2} provide an upper estimate of the current carrying capability of LiFeAs. Overall, vortex behavior of almost isotropic, fully-gapped LiFeAs is very similar to highly anisotropic d-wave cuprate superconductors, the similarity that requires further studies in order to understand unconventional superconductivity in cuprates and pnictides. In addition to LiFeAs, we also report the magnetic penetration depth in BaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} based superconductors including irradiation of FeNi122. In unirradiated FeNi122, the maximum critical current value is, j{sub c}(2K) {approx_equal} 3.3 x 10{sup 6} A/cm{sup 2}. The magnetic-dependent feature was observed near the transition temperature in FeTe{sub 0.53}Se{sub 0.47} and irradiated FeNi122. Because of this feature, further studies are required in order to properly calibrate the Campbell penetration depth. Finally, we detected the crossing between the magnetic penetration depth and London penetration depth in optimally hold-doped Ba{sub 0.6}K{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 2}As{sub 2} (BaK122) and isovalent doped BaFe{sub 2}(As{sub 0.7}P{sub 0.3}){sub 2} (BaP122). These phenomena probably coincide with anomalous Meissner effect reported in pnicitde superconductors [Prozorov et al. (2010b)] however more studies are needed in order to clarify this.
Prommapan, Plegchart
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Homeland Security & Defense Homeland Security & Defense Information Technology & Communications Information Technology & Communications Sensors, Electronics &...
A Comparative Study on Emerging Electric Vehicle Technology Assessments
Numerous organizations have published reports in recent years that investigate the ever changing world of electric vehicle (EV) technologies and their potential effects on society. Specifically, projections have been made on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with these vehicles and how they compare to conventional vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Similar projections have been made on the volumes of oil that these vehicles can displace by consuming large amounts of grid electricity instead of petroleum-based fuels. Finally, the projected rate that these new vehicle fleets will enter the market varies significantly among organizations. New ideas, technologies, and possibilities are introduced often, and projected values are likely to be refined as industry announcements continue to be made. As a result, over time, a multitude of projections for GHG emissions, oil displacement, and market penetration associated with various EV technologies has resulted in a wide range of possible future outcomes. This leaves the reader with two key questions: (1) Why does such a collective range in projected values exist in these reports? (2) What assumptions have the greatest impact on the outcomes presented in these reports? Since it is impractical for an average reader to review and interpret all the various vehicle technology reports published to date, Sentech Inc. and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory have conducted a comparative study to make these interpretations. The primary objective of this comparative study is to present a snapshot of all major projections made on GHG emissions, oil displacement, or market penetration rates of EV technologies. From the extensive data found in relevant publications, the key assumptions that drive each report's analysis are identified and 'apples-to-apples' comparisons between all major report conclusions are attempted. The general approach that was taken in this comparative study is comprised of six primary steps: (1) Search Relevant Literature - An extensive search of recent analyses that address the environmental impacts, market penetration rates, and oil displacement potential of various EV technologies was conducted; (2) Consolidate Studies - Upon completion of the literature search, a list of analyses that have sufficient data for comparison and that should be included in the study was compiled; (3) Identify Key Assumptions - Disparity in conclusions very likely originates from disparity in simple assumptions. In order to compare 'apples-to-apples,' key assumptions were identified in each study to provide the basis for comparing analyses; (4) Extract Information - Each selected report was reviewed, and information on key assumptions and data points was extracted; (5) Overlay Data Points - Visual representations of the comprehensive conclusions were prepared to identify general trends and outliers; and (6) Draw Final Conclusions - Once all comparisons are made to the greatest possible extent, the final conclusions were draw on what major factors lead to the variation in results among studies.
Ford, Jonathan [Sentech, Inc.; Khowailed, Gannate [Sentech, Inc.; Blackburn, Julia [Sentech, Inc.; Sikes, Karen [Sentech, Inc.
Low-Temperature Penetration Depth of {kappa}-(ET){sub 2}Cu[N(CN) {sub 2}]Br and {kappa}-(ET){sub 2}Cu(NCS){sub 2}
We present high-precision measurements of the penetration depth of single crystals of {kappa}-(ET){sub 2}Cu[N(CN){sub 2}]Br and {kappa}-(ET){sub 2}Cu(NCS){sub 2} at temperatures down to 0.4 K. We find that, at low temperatures, the in-plane penetration depth ({lambda}{sub (parallel} {sub sign)}) varies as a fractional power law, {lambda}{sub (parallel} {sub sign)}{approx}T{sup (3/2)}. While this may be taken as evidence for novel pair excitation processes, we show that the data are also consistent with a quasilinear variation of the superfluid density, as is expected for a d -wave superconductor with impurities or a small residual gap. Our data for the interplane penetration depth show similar features and give a direct measurement of the absolute value, {lambda}{sub (perpendicular} {sub sign)}(0)=100{+-}20 {mu}m . (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.
Carrington, A.; Bonalde, I. J.; Prozorov, R.; Giannetta, R. W.; Kini, A. M.; Schlueter, J.; Wang, H. H.; Geiser, U.; Williams, J. M.
and discharge rates, max ramp rates, other? - Include default values from CAES, flywheel, battery, and pumped hydro technologies Add economics - Generation and NERC Fines...
Ground Based GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) Buried Hazard ...
The technology includes a mobile high-performance computing system allowing GPR array sensor data to be processed to form subsurface images which are ...
Electrostatic generator/motor having rotors of varying ...
Electrostatic generator/motor having rotors of varying thickness and a central stator electrically connected together into two groups United States Patent
Adoption of ENERGY STAR equipment varies among appliances ...
Appliances with the ENERGY STAR� logo are intended to represent more-efficient options in the marketplace. The adoption of this more-efficient equipment can vary ...
Decay processes in an inhomogeneous time-varying plasma
The decay of a homogeneous pump field in an inhomogeneous time-varying plasma into a plasma wave and an ion-acoustic wave is considered theoretically.
Andreev, A.A.; Fedorov, V.I.
Electricity generation from non-hydro renewable sources varies ...
May 2, 2012 Electricity generation from non-hydro renewable sources varies by state. Wind accounted for most non-hydro renewable generation in 2011, but sources of ...
Materials Reliability Program: Utility Preparation for Nondestructive Evaluation of Reactor Vessel Upper Head Penetrations (MRP-360)
The purpose of this report is to provide nuclear power plant owners with recommendations for planning and executing reactor vessel upper head (RVUH) penetration examinations in a manner that will minimize the occurrence of human errors while maximizing the probability of success. RVUH penetrations include control rod drive mechanism, control element drive mechanism, in-core instrumentation, and vent line penetrations. These encompass the standard nomenclatures for domestic utilities but might not ...
Photovoltaic array with minimally penetrating rooftop support system
A photovoltaic array including a plurality of photovoltaic assemblies and a plurality of mounting units. The mounting units each include an elongate rail and a plurality of leg assemblies. The rail is sized and configured to maintain a portion of at least two of the photovoltaic assemblies, with the leg assemblies extending from the rail in a spaced-apart fashion and terminating in a foot for placement against a rooftop structure for minimally penetration installation. Further, at least one of the leg assemblies can include a retractable leg. When the photovoltaic array is installed to a rooftop structure including a membrane intermittently secured to a rooftop deck, the retractable leg accommodates upward billowing of the membrane under windy conditions.
Lenox, Carl J.S.
Biocompatible polymers with hydrolyzable chemical bonds have been used to produce safe, non-toxic fluorescent microspheres for material penetration studies. The selection of polymeric materials depends on both biocompatibility and processability, with tailored fluorescent properties depending on specific applications. Microspheres are composed of USFDA-approved biodegradable polymers and non-toxic fluorophores and are therefore suitable for tests where human exposure is possible. Micropheres were produced which contain unique fluorophores to enable discrimination from background aerosol particles. Characteristics that affect dispersion and adhesion can be modified depending on use. Several different microsphere preparation methods are possible, including the use of a vibrating orifice aerosol generator (VOAG), a Sono-Tek atomizer, an emulsion technique, and inkjet printhead. Applications for the fluorescent microspheres include challenges for biodefense system testing, calibrants for biofluorescence sensors, and particles for air dispersion model validation studies.
Farquar, G; Leif, R
Porous materials are ubiquitous in the universe and weathering of porous surfaces plays an important role in the evolution of planetary and interstellar materials. Sputtering of porous solids in particular can influence atmosphere formation, surface reflectivity, and the production of the ambient gas around materials in space. Several previous studies and models have shown a large reduction in the sputtering of a porous solid compared to the sputtering of the non-porous solid. Using molecular dynamics simulations we study the sputtering of a nanoporous solid with 55% of the solid density. We calculate the electronic sputtering induced by a fast, penetrating ion, using a thermal spike representation of the deposited energy. We find that sputtering for this porous solid is, surprisingly, the same as that for a full-density solid, even though the sticking coefficient is high.
Rodriguez-Nieva, J. F. [Instituto Balseiro, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 8400 Bariloche (Argentina); Bringa, E. M. [CONICET and Instituto de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza (Argentina); Cassidy, T. A. [CalTech/JPL, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Johnson, R. E.; Fama, M.; Baragiola, R. A. [Laboratory for Atomic and Surface Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 (United States); Caro, A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 94551 (United States); Loeffler, M. J. [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrochemistry Branch, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Farkas, D. [Department of Materials Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 (United States)
penetrations on residential retail electricity rates andpresent the residential electricity retail rates resultingelectricity rates. Since G h,resPV , the residential PV
Management of Active Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Distributed Generation.
??The penetration of distributed generation and wind power in particular is expected to increase significantly over the coming years, and a huge shift in control,� (more)
Arram, Ahmed
San Francisco, CA, 2010 (6) National Renewable EnergyLaboratory (NREL), Renewable Resource Data Center, Website:Impact of Increased Renewable Energy Penetrations on
Wind energy and power system interconnection, control, and operation for high penetration of wind power .
??High penetration of wind energy requires innovations in different areas of power engineering. Methods for improving wind energy and power system interconnection, control, and operation� (more)
Liang, Jiaqi
Design of resource to backbone transmission for a high wind penetration future.
??In a high wind penetration future, transmission must be designed to integrate groups of new wind farms with a high capacity inter-regional ``backbone" transmission system.� (more)
Slegers, James Michael
Vendor / Technology
Brake Assessment Tools Commercial Motor Vehicle Roadside Technology Corridor Safety Technology Showcase October 14, 2010 Commercial Motor Vehicle Roadside Technology Corridor...
Brake-Related Research Commercial Motor Vehicle Roadside Technology Corridor Safety Technology Showcase October 14, 2010 Commercial Motor Vehicle Roadside Technology Corridor...
Faience Technology
by Joanne Hodges. Faience Technology, Nicholson, UEE 2009Egyptian materials and technology, ed. Paul T. Nicholson,Nicholson, 2009, Faience Technology. UEE. Full Citation:
Nicholson, Paul
Time varying voltage combustion control and diagnostics sensor
A time-varying voltage is applied to an electrode, or a pair of electrodes, of a sensor installed in a fuel nozzle disposed adjacent the combustion zone of a continuous combustion system, such as of the gas turbine engine type. The time-varying voltage induces a time-varying current in the flame which is measured and used to determine flame capacitance using AC electrical circuit analysis. Flame capacitance is used to accurately determine the position of the flame from the sensor and the fuel/air ratio. The fuel and/or air flow rate (s) is/are then adjusted to provide reduced flame instability problems such as flashback, combustion dynamics and lean blowout, as well as reduced emissions. The time-varying voltage may be an alternating voltage and the time-varying current may be an alternating current.
Chorpening, Benjamin T. (Morgantown, WV); Thornton, Jimmy D. (Morgantown, WV); Huckaby, E. David (Morgantown, WV); Fincham, William (Fairmont, WV)
Technology Search Results | Brookhaven Technology ...
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test test Please refer to the list of technologies below for licensing and research collaboration availability. If you can't find the technology you're interested in, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com. Energy ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES Aerosol Sealing Aerosol Remote Sealing System Clog-free Atomizing and Spray Drying Nozzle Air-stable Nanomaterials for Efficient OLEDs Solvent Processed Nanotube Composites OLEDS with Air-stable Structured Electrodes APIs for Online Energy Saving Tools: Home Energy Saver and EnergyIQ Carbon Dioxide Capture at a Reduced Cost Dynamic Solar Glare Blocking System Electrochromic Device Controlled by Sunlight Electrochromic Windows with Multiple-Cavity Optical Bandpass Filter Electrochromic Window Technology Portfolio Universal Electrochromic Smart Window Coating
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Wales, Alaska High Penetration Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power System: Theory of Operation
To reduce the cost of rural power generation and the environmental impact of diesel fuel usage, the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA), Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA, a rural Alaskan utility), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), began a collaboration in late 1995 to implement a high-penetration wind-diesel hybrid power system in a village in northwest Alaska. The project was intended to be both a technology demonstration and a pilot for commercial replication of the system in other Alaskan villages. During the first several years of the project, NREL focused on the design and development of the electronic controls, the system control software, and the ancillary components (power converters, energy storage, electric dump loads, communications links, etc.) that would be required to integrate new wind turbines with the existing diesels in a reliable highly automated system. Meanwhile, AEA and KEA focused on project development activities, including wind resource assessment, site selection and permitting, community relationship building, and logistical planning. Ultimately, the village of Wales, Alaska, was chosen as the project site. Wales is a native Inupiat village of approximately 160 inhabitants, with an average electric load of about 75 kW.
Drouilhet, S.; Shirazi, M.
A comparison of methods for assessing penetrating trauma on retrospective multi-center data
Objective: TraumaSCAN-Web (TSW) is a computerized decision support system for assessing chest and abdominal penetrating trauma which utilizes 3D geometric reasoning and a Bayesian network with subjective probabilities obtained from an expert. The goal ... Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Computer-assisted diagnosis, Gunshot wounds, Penetrating trauma, Stab wounds
Bilal A. Ahmed; Michael E. Matheny; Phillip L. Rice; John R. Clarke; Omolola I. Ogunyemi
Optimization of Deep Drilling Performance - Development and Benchmark Testing of Advanced Diamond Product Drill Bits & HP/HT Fluids to Significantly Improve Rates of Penetration
This document details the progress to date on the OPTIMIZATION OF DEEP DRILLING PERFORMANCE--DEVELOPMENT AND BENCHMARK TESTING OF ADVANCED DIAMOND PRODUCT DRILL BITS AND HP/HT FLUIDS TO SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE RATES OF PENETRATION contract for the year starting October 2004 through September 2005. The industry cost shared program aims to benchmark drilling rates of penetration in selected simulated deep formations and to significantly improve ROP through a team development of aggressive diamond product drill bit--fluid system technologies. Overall the objectives are as follows: Phase 1--Benchmark ''best in class'' diamond and other product drilling bits and fluids and develop concepts for a next level of deep drilling performance; Phase 2--Develop advanced smart bit-fluid prototypes and test at large scale; and Phase 3--Field trial smart bit--fluid concepts, modify as necessary and commercialize products. As of report date, TerraTek has concluded all Phase 1 testing and is planning Phase 2 development.
Alan Black; Arnis Judzis
Non-Noble Metal Water Electrolysis Catalysts; Find a Technology. Search our technologies by categories or by keywords. Search ...
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BSA 08-04: High Temperature Interfacial Superconductivity; Find a Technology. Search our technologies by categories or by keywords. Search ...
Characterizing Highly Varying Loads Associated With the Steel Industry
This study examines the quality of power and the effects of the highly varying load on automatic generation control at a utility service territory that contains 22% of the United States' steel manufacturing capability.
Supercritical Marine-Layer Flow along a Smoothly Varying Coastline
A model for hydraulically supercritical atmospheric marine-layer flow along a smoothly varying coastline is formulated and solved numerically. The model is motivated by a recent comparison of CODE observations to a simple hydraulic theory, which ...
R. M. Samelson
Simulating Random Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric...
Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric Concentrations of Toxic Gas from Pipeline Ruptures Speaker(s): David J. Wilson Date: February 4, 2004 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg....
Type B Cyclogenesis in a Zonally Varying Flow
It is hypothesized that surface cyclogenesis in the Northern Hemisphere storm-track regions can be described by the structural modification of baroclinic wave packets traversing a zonally varying flow field. We test this hypothesis using a ...
Jeffrey S. Whitaker; Albert Barcilon
External Time-Varying Fields and Electron Coherence
The effect of time-varying electromagnetic fields on electron coherence is investigated. A sinusoidal electromagnetic field produces a time varying Aharonov-Bohm phase. In a measurement of the interference pattern which averages over this phase, the effect is a loss of contrast. This is effectively a form of decoherence. We calculate the magnitude of this effect for various electromagnetic field configurations. The result seems to be sufficiently large to be observable.
Jen-Tsung Hsiang; L. H. Ford
Advanced geothermal technologies
Research and development in advanced technologies for geothermal energy production continue to increase the energy production options for the Nation. The high-risk investment over the past few years by the US Department of Energy in geopressured, hot dry rock, and magma energy resources is producing new means to lower production costs and to take advantage of these resources. The Nation has far larger and more regionally extensive geothermal resources than heretofore realized. At the end of a short 30-day closed-loop flow test, the manmade hot dry rock reservoir at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, was producing 10 MW thermal - and still climbing - proving the technical feasibility of this new technology. The scientific feasibility of magma energy extraction has been demonstrated, and new field tests to evaluate this technology are planned. Analysis and field tests confirm the viability of geopressured-geothermal energy and the prospect that many dry-hole or depleted petroleum wells can be turned into producing geopressured-geothermal wells. Technological advances achieved through hot dry rock, magma, geopressured, and other geothermal research are making these resources and conventional hydrothermal resources more competitive. Noteworthy among these technological advances are techniques in computer simulation of geothermal reservoirs, new means for well stimulation, new high-temperature logging tools and packers, new hard-rock penetration techniques, and new methods for mapping fracture flow paths across large underground areas in reservoirs. In addition, many of these same technological advances can be applied by the petroleum industry to help lower production costs in domestic oil and gas fields. 5 refs., 4 figs.
Whetten, J.T.; Murphy, H.D.; Hanold, R.J.; Myers, C.W.; Dunn, J.C.
Please refer to the list of technologies below for licensing and research Please refer to the list of technologies below for licensing and research collaboration availability. If you can't find the technology you're interested in, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com. Biotechnology and Medicine DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS CANCER CANCER PROGNOSTICS 14-3-3 Sigma as a Biomarker of Basal Breast Cancer ANXA9: A Therapeutic Target and Predictive Marker for Early Detection of Aggressive Breast Cancer Biomarkers for Predicting Breast Cancer Patient Response to PARP Inhibitors Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk Analysis Using Selected Gene Expression Comprehensive Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets for Drug-Resistant Breast Cancers Diagnostic Test to Personalize Therapy Using Platinum-based Anticancer Drugs Early Detection of Metastatic Cancer Progenitor Cells
Software and Information Technologies Software and Information Technologies Algorithm for Correcting Detector Nonlinearites Chatelet: More Accurate Modeling for Oil, Gas or Geothermal Well Production Collective Memory Transfers for Multi-Core Processors Energy Efficiency Software EnergyPlus:Energy Simulation Software for Buildings Tools, Guides and Software to Support the Design and Operation of Energy Efficient Buildings Flexible Bandwidth Reservations for Data Transfer Genomic and Proteomic Software LABELIT - Software for Macromolecular Diffraction Data Processing PHENIX - Software for Computational Crystallography Vista/AVID: Visualization and Allignment Software for Comparative Genomics Geophysical Software Accurate Identification, Imaging, and Monitoring of Fluid Saturated Underground Reservoirs
Electricity use by machine drives varies significantly by ...
Home; Browse by Tag; Most ... share of energy use within that industry because of the significant amounts of ... gains as well as current technology and its potential ...
Primary and Secondary Control for High Penetration Renewables
...................................... 12 4 Design Methodology: Linear Quadratic Optimal Control for Coordinating Regulation from Wind obvious analogy exists if one considers coordinating active power control from a wind turbine-based drivers for such generation: insolation and wind. Others are associated with the technologies
.....................................12 4 Design Methodology: Linear Quadratic Optimal Control for Coordinating Regulation from Wind obvious analogy exists if one considers coordinating active power control from a wind turbine-based drivers for such generation: insolation and wind. Others are associated with the technologies
Breather-like penetration of ultrashort linearly polarized laser into over-dense plasmas
The penetration of an ultrashort laser pulse into an overdense plasma in the relativistic transparency regime is reexamined. The interaction is governed by the Maxwell and relativistic hydrodynamic equations and investigated using a fully implicit energy-conserving numerical scheme. It is found that for a circularly polarized laser, the penetrated pulse has the expected soliton structure. However, for a linearly polarized laser, the penetrated light exhibits a breather structure, and energy exchange between it and the plasma is at twice the laser frequency.
Wu Dong; Yan, X. Q. [Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Zheng, C. Y.; He, X. T. [Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics Simulation, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088 (China); Yu, M. Y. [Institute of Fusion Theory and Simulation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China)
Sphere penetration by impact in a granular medium: A collisional process
The penetration by a gravity driven impact of a solid sphere into a granular medium is studied by two-dimensional simulations. The scaling laws observed experimentally for both the final penetration depth and the stopping time with the relevant physical parameters are here recovered numerically without the consideration of any solid friction. Collisional processes are thus found as essential in explaining the physics of the qualitatively observed phenomena whereas frictional processes can only be considered as secondary effects in the granular penetration by impact.
Antoine Seguin; Yann Bertho; Philippe Gondret; Jerome Crassous
Testing Mass Varying Neutrino With Short Gamma Ray Burst
In this paper we study the possibility of probing for the absolute neutrino mass and its variation with short Gamma Ray Burst (GRB). We have calculated the flight time difference between a massive neutrino and a photon in two different approaches to mass varying neutrinos. Firstly we parametrize the neutrino mass as a function of redshift in a model independent way, then we consider two specific models where the neutrino mass varies during the evolution of the Quintessence fields. Our calculations show in general the value of the time delay is changed substantially relative to a constant neutrino mass. Furthermore our numerical results show that the flight time delay in these models is expected to be larger than the duration time of the short GRB, which opens a possibility of testing the scenario of mass varying neutrino with the short GRB.
Hong Li; Zigao Dai; Xinmin Zhang
Simulating Random Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric
Simulating Random Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric Simulating Random Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric Concentrations of Toxic Gas from Pipeline Ruptures Speaker(s): David J. Wilson Date: February 4, 2004 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Jeiwon Deputy Random time series are found everywhere in nature. The Brownian motion of small particles; the price of assets (stocks) in financial markets; the diffusion of individual molecules through a membrane; the ballistic deposition of nano-particles onto a lattice substrate; and the time-varying concentration fluctuations at a point downwind from a pollution source all have a common dynamic description. All are stochastic processes where the local rate of change of the variable has a natural drift back to some equilibrium state, combined with a random fluctuating component. We will
Tools & Technologies
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
We�provide leadership for transforming workforce development through the power of technology. It develops corporate educational technology policy and enables the use of learning tools and...
Available Technologies
The technology�s subnanometer resolution is a result of superior ... Additional R&D will be required ... U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY � OFFICE OF SCIENCE ...
Ion Sources and Beam Technologies Ion Sources and Beam Technologies GENERATORS AND DETECTORS Compact, Safe and Energy Efficient Neutron Generator Fast Pulsed Neutron Generator High Energy Gamma Generator Lithium-Drifted Silicon Detector with Segmented Contacts Low Power, High Energy Gamma Ray Detector Calibration Device Nested Type Coaxial Neutron Generator Neutron and Proton Generators: Cylindrical Neutron Generator with Nested Option, IB-1764 Neutron-based System for Nondestructive Imaging, IB-1794 Mini Neutron Tube, IB-1793a Ultra-short Ion and Neutron Pulse Production, IB-1707 Mini Neutron Generator, IB-1793b Compact Spherical Neutron Generator, IB-1675 Plasma-Driven Neutron/Gamma Generators Portable, Low-cost Gamma Source for Active Interrogation ION SOURCES WITH ANTENNAS External Antenna for Ion Sources
Fuel Cell Technologies Office: Technology Validation
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Information Technology Validation Search Search Help Technology Validation EERE Fuel Cell Technologies Office Technology Validation Printable Version Share this resource...
Vehicle Technologies Office: Vehicle Technologies Office Organization...
Organization and Contacts Organization Chart for the Vehicle Technologies Program Fuel Technologies and Deployment, Technology Managers Advanced Combustion Engines, Technology...
An Evolutionary Path for Concentrating Thermal Solar Power Technologies: A New Approach for Modeling CSP Power Costs and Potential
Concentrating thermal solar power (CSP) technology is a potentially competitive power generation option, particularly in arid regions where direct sunlight is abundant. We examine the potential role of CSP power plants and their contribution to carbon emissions reduction. The answers to these questions depend on the cost of electricity generated by CSP plants. Although a few studies have projected future CSP costs based on assumptions for technology advancement and the effect of economies of scale and learning curves, few studies have considered the combined effects of intermittency, solar irradiance changes by season, and diurnal and seasonal system load changes. Because the generation of a solar plant varies over a day and by season, the interactions between CSP generators and other generators in the electric system can play an important role in determining costs. In effect, CSP electricity generation cost will depend on the CSP market penetration. This paper examines this relationship and explores possible evolutionary paths for CSP technologies with and without thermal storage.
Zhang, Yabei; Smith, Steven J.
Study of capital requirements for solar energy. Final report, Volume 1. Analysis of the macroeconomic effects of increased solar energy market penetration
This report defines the analytical framework for, and presents the results of, a study to determine the macroeconomic effects of increased market penetration of solar energy technologies over the 1977-2000 time period. For the purposes of this document, solar technologies are defined as wind, photovoltaics, ocean thermal electric (OTEC), small-scale (non-utility) hydroelectric and all solar active and passive thermal technologies. This research has been undertaken in support of the National Plan to Accelerate Commercialization (NPAC) of Solar Energy. The capital and operating requirements for three market penetration levels are first determined; the effects of these requirements on economic performance are then estimated using the Hudson-Jorgenson Energy/Economic Model. The analytical design, computational methods, data sources, assumptions and scenario configurations for this analysis are defined in detail. The results of the analysis of the economic impact of solar energy are presented in detail, and the implications of these results are discussed. Appendix A explains the methodology for transforming investment to capital stocks. Appendix B, which is provided in a separate volume, describes the Hudson-Jorgenson Model in greater detail. (WHK)
Pleatsikas, C.J.; Hudson, E.A.; O'Connor, D.C.; Funkhouser, D.H.
Numerical simulation of high-speed penetration-perforation dynamics in layered armor shields
Penetration models and calculating algorithms are presented, describing the dynamics and fracture of composite armor shields penetrated by high-speed small arms. A shield considered consists of hard (metal or ceramic) facing and multilayered fabric backing. A simple formula is proved for the projectile residual velocity after perforation of a thin facing. A new plastic-flow jet model is proposed for calculating penetration dynamics in the case of a thick facing of ceramic or metal-ceramic FGM materials. By bringing together the developed models into a calculating algorithm, a computer tool is designed enabling simulations of penetration processes in the above-mentioned shields and analysis of optimization problems. Some results of computer simulation are presented. It is revealed in particular that strength proof of pliable backing can be better as compared with more rigid backing. Comparison of calculations and test data shows sufficient applicability of the models and the tool.
Ayzenberg-Stepanenko, Mark
Mark Ayzenberg-Stepanenko; Grigory Osharovich
Policies and Programs to Integrate High Penetrations of Variable Renewable Energy (Presentation)
The goals of this project are to highlight the diverse approaches for enabling high renewable energy penetration; synthesize lessons on effective policies and programs and present avenues for action to energy ministers and other stakeholders.
Cochran, J.
Forecasting the Wind to Reach Significant Penetration Levels of Wind Energy
Advances in atmospheric science are critical to increased deployment of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources. For VRE sources, such as wind and solar, to reach high penetration levels in the nation's electric grid, electric system operators and VRE ...
Melinda Marquis; Jim Wilczak; Mark Ahlstrom; Justin Sharp; Andrew Stern; J. Charles Smith; Stan Calvert
concentrated solar power (CSP), and wind penetrations in thePV from residential Other RE CSP + storage PV Wind Referencesolar PV, wind, and solar CSP, respectively (all costs are
Power System Planning: Emerging Practices Suitable for Evaluating the Impact of High-Penetration Photovoltaics
This report explores the impact of high-penetration renewable generation on electric power system planning methodologies and outlines how these methodologies are evolving to enable effective integration of variable-output renewable generation sources.
Bebic, J.
Impacts of Shortwave Penetration Depth on Large-Scale Ocean Circulation and Heat Transport
The impact of changes in shortwave radiation penetration depth on the global ocean circulation and heat transport is studied using the GFDL Modular Ocean Model (MOM4) with two independent parameterizations that use ocean color to estimate the ...
Colm Sweeney; Anand Gnanadesikan; Stephen M. Griffies; Matthew J. Harrison; Anthony J. Rosati; Bonita L. Samuels
Characterizing the Effects of High Wind Penetration on a Small Isolated Grid in Arctic Alaska
This paper examines the operating characteristics of the wind-diesel system in Kotzebue, Alaska, operated by Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA). KEA began incorporating wind power into its 100% diesel generating system in 1997 with three 66 kW wind turbines. In 1999, KEA added another seven 66 kW turbines, resulting in the current wind capacity of 660 kW. KEA is in the process of expanding its wind project again and ultimately expects to operate 2-3 MW of wind capacity. With a peak load of approximately 4 MW and a minimum load of approximately 1.6 MW, the wind penetration is significant. KEA is currently experiencing greater than 35% wind penetration, sometimes for several consecutive hours. This paper discusses the observed wind penetration at KEA and evaluates the effects of wind penetration on power quality on the KEA grid.
Randall, G; Vilhauer, R. (Global Energy Concepts, LLC); Thompson, C. (Thompson Engineering Company)
Impact of High Wind Power Penetration on Hydroelectric Unit Operations: Preprint
This paper examines the impact of this large amount of wind penetration on hydroelectric unit operations. Changes in hydroelectric unit operating unit patterns are examined for an aggregation of all hydro generators.
Impact of High Wind Power Penetration on Hydroelectric Unit Operations in the WWSIS
This report examines the impact of this large amount of wind penetration on hydroelectric unit operations. Changes in hydroelectric unit operating patterns are examined both for an aggregation of all hydro generators and for select individual plants.
Hodge, B.-M.; Lew, D.; Milligan, M.
Ocean Mixed Layer Radiant Heating and Solar Penetration: A Global Analysis
A hybrid parameterization for the determination of in-water solar fluxes is developed and applied to compute the flux of solar radiation that penetrates beyond the upper-ocean mixed layer into permanent pycnocline waters on global space and ...
J. Carter Ohlmann; David A. Siegel; Catherine Gautier
Geothermal Technology Development Program. Annual progress report, October 1983-September 1984
This report describes the status of ongoing Research and Development (R and D) within the Geothermal Technology Development Program. The work reported is sponsored by the Department of Energy/Geothermal Hydropower Technology Division (DOE/GHTD), with program management provided by Sandia National Laboratories. The program emphasizes research in rock penetration mechanics, fluid technology, borehole mechanics, diagnostics technology, and permeability enhancement. 102 figs., 16 tabs.
Groundwater penetrating radar and high resolution seismic for locating shallow faults in unconsolidated sediments
Faults in shallow, unconsolidated sediments, particularly in coastal plain settings, are very difficult to discern during subsurface exploration yet have critical impact to groundwater flow, contaminant transport and geotechnical evaluations. This paper presents a case study using cross-over geophysical technologies in an area where shallow faulting is probable and known contamination exists. A comparison is made between Wenner and dipole-dipole resistivity data, ground penetrating radar, and high resolution seismic data. Data from these methods were verified with a cone penetrometer investigation for subsurface lithology and compared to existing monitoring well data. Interpretations from these techniques are compared with actual and theoretical shallow faulting found in the literature. The results of this study suggests that (1) the CPT study, combined with the monitoring well data may suggest that discontinuities in correlatable zones may indicate that faulting is present (2) the addition of the Wenner and dipole-dipole data may further suggest that offset zones exist in the shallow subsurface but not allow specific fault planes or fault stranding to be mapped (3) the high resolution seismic data will image faults to within a few feet of the surface but does not have the resolution to identify the faulting on the scale of our models, however it will suggest locations for upward continuation of faulted zones (4) offset 100 MHz and 200 MHz CMP GPR will image zones and features that may be fault planes and strands similar to our models (5) 300 MHz GPR will image higher resolution features that may suggest the presence of deeper faults and strands, and (6) the combination of all of the tools in this study, particularly the GPR and seismic may allow for the mapping of small scale, shallow faulting in unconsolidated sediments.
Wyatt, D.E. [Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (United States)]|[South Carolina Univ., Columbia, SC (United States). Earth Sciences and Resources Inst.; Waddell, M.G. [South Carolina Univ., Columbia, SC (United States). Earth Sciences and Resources Inst.; Sexton, B.G. [Microseeps Ltd., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Generation of Coastal Inertial Oscillations by Time-Varying Wind
The excitation of coastal inertial oscillations by a rapidly varying wind is investigated. It is shown that the mean-square response to a completely random forcing is �2 ? ?2dt, where ? is the response to impulsive forcing and the integral ...
Pijush K. Kundu
Columbia Computer Science Technical Report (2005) Time-Varying Textures
that the reflectance and texture of surfaces is a static phe- nomenon. Yet, there is an abundance of materials in nature whose appearance varies dramatically with time, such as cracking paint, growing grass, or ripening such as stress fracture, accu- mulation of particles, and state changes such as oxidation. We then synthesize
Columbia Computer Science Technical Report (2005) TimeVarying Textures
that the reflectance and texture of surfaces is a static phe nomenon. Yet, there is an abundance of materials in nature whose appearance varies dramatically with time, such as cracking paint, growing grass, or ripening such as stress fracture, accu mulation of particles, and state changes such as oxidation. We then synthesize
LFT/H varying sampling control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
LFT/H varying sampling control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles E. Roche , O. Sename D. Simon: This paper deals with the robust control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) subject to communication. INTRODUCTION In this paper the H approach for LPV systems is applied to an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Finite element form of FDV for widely varying flowfields
We present the Flowfield Dependent Variation (FDV) method for physical applications that have widely varying spatial and temporal scales. Our motivation is to develop a versatile numerical method that is accurate and stable in simulations with complex ... Keywords: Finite element, Hydrodynamics, Numerical methods, Shock waves, Special relativity
G. A. Richardson; J. T. Cassibry; T. J. Chung; S. T. Wu
Chemistry - Technology Transfer: Available Technologies
Technology Analysis - Heavy Vehicle Technologies
the GPRA benefits estimates for EERE's Vehicle Technologies Program's heavy vehicle technology research activities. Argonne researchers develop the benefits analysis using four...
Innovation in Nuclear Technology for the Least Product Price and Cost
In energy markets, costs dominate for all new technology introductions (pressure valves, gas turbines, reactors) both now and far into the future. Technology improves, and costs are reduced as markets are penetrated with the trend following a learning/experience curve (MCE) based on classic economic forces. The curve followed is governed by development costs and market targets, and nuclear systems follow such a curve in order to compete with other technologies and projected future cost for alternate energy initiatives. Funding impacts directly on market penetration and on the ''learning rate.'' The CANDU/AECL development path (experience curve) is a chosen balance between evolution and revolution for a competitive advantage.
Duffey, Romney
Use of phosphates to reduce slag penetration in Cr2O3-based refractories
A high-chromium refractory material that provides improved resistance to coal slag penetration is presented. The refractory mixture comprises a blend of chromium oxide, aluminum oxide and phosphates. The refractory mixture may be blended with an aggregate and cured. In addition a phosphorous oxide may be blended with chromium oxide and aluminum oxide and additionally an aggregate. The refractory mixture reduces the rate of coal slag penetration into the surface of the cured refractory.
Kwong, Kyei-Sing; Dogan, Cynthia P.; Bennett, James P.; Chinn, Richard E.; Petty, Arthur V.
Use of Phosphates to Reduce Slag Penetration in CR203-Based Refractories
A high-chromium refractory material that provides improved resistance to coal slag penetration is presented. The refractory mixture comprises a blend of chromium oxide, aluminum oxide and phosphates. The refractory mixture may be blended with an aggregate and cured. In addition a phosphorus oxide may be blended with chromium oxide and aluminum oxide and additionally an aggregate. The refractory mixture reduces the rate of coal slag penetration into the surface of the cured refractory.
Preliminary Notice of Violation, National Security Technologies, LLC -
National Security Technologies, National Security Technologies, LLC - NEA-2011-03 Preliminary Notice of Violation, National Security Technologies, LLC - NEA-2011-03 August 11, 2011 Preliminary Notice of Violation issued to National Security Technologies, LLC related to Deficiencies in Inspection and Installation of Penetration Fire Seals and Other Components at the Nevada National Security Site The Office of Health, Safety and Security's Office of Enforcement and Oversight has completed its investigation into the facts and circumstances associated with quality assurance (QA) related deficiencies in the inspection and installation of penetration fire seals and other components at the Criticality Experiments Facility (CEF) and the Device Assembly Facility (OAF) at the Nevada National Security Site. The results of
APPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY: Thermal management for: microelectronic devices; solar cells and solar energy management systems ; refrigerators
Energy Storage and Recovery; Renewable Energy; Environmental Technologies. Monitoring and Imaging; Remediation; Modeling; Imaging & Lasers.
Numerical simulations and predictive models of undrained penetration in soft soils
There are two aspects in this study: cylinder penetrations and XBP (Expendable Bottom Penetrometer) interpretations. The cylinder studies firstly investigate the relationship between the soil resisting force and penetration depth by a series of rateindependent finite element analyses of pre-embedded penetration depths, and validate the results by upper and lower bound solutions from classical plasticity theory. Furthermore, strain rate effects are modeled by finite element simulations within a framework of rate-dependent plasticity. With all forces acting on the cylinder estimated, penetration depths are predicted from simple equations of motion for a single particle. Comparisons to experimental results show reasonable agreement between model predictions and measurements. The XBP studies follow the same methodology in investigating the soil shearing resistance as a function of penetration depth and velocity by finite element analyses. With the measurements of time decelerations during penetration of the XBP, sediment shear strength profile is inferred from a single particle kinetic model. The predictions compare favorably with experimental measurements by vane shear tests.
Shi, Han
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The National Energy Strategy - The role of geothermal technology development: Proceedings
Each year the Geothermal Division of the US Department of Energy conducts an in-depth review of its entire geothermal R D program. The conference serves several purposes: a status report on current R D activities, an assessment of progress and problems, a review of management issues, and a technology transfer opportunity between DOE and the US geothermal industry. Topics in this year's conference included Hydrothermal Energy Conversion Technology, Hydrothermal Reservoir Technology, Hydrothermal Hard Rock Penetration Technology, Hot Dry Rock Technology, Geopressured-Geothermal Technology and Magma Energy Technology. Each individual paper has been cataloged separately.
Modeling and Analysis of Time-Varying Graphs
We live in a world increasingly dominated by networks -- communications, social, information, biological etc. A central attribute of many of these networks is that they are dynamic, that is, they exhibit structural changes over time. While the practice of dynamic networks has proliferated, we lag behind in the fundamental, mathematical understanding of network dynamism. Existing research on time-varying graphs ranges from preliminary algorithmic studies (e.g., Ferreira's work on evolving graphs) to analysis of specific properties such as flooding time in dynamic random graphs. A popular model for studying dynamic graphs is a sequence of graphs arranged by increasing snapshots of time. In this paper, we study the fundamental property of reachability in a time-varying graph over time and characterize the latency with respect to two metrics, namely store-or-advance latency and cut-through latency. Instead of expected value analysis, we concentrate on characterizing the exact probability distribution of routing l...
Basu, Prithwish; Ramanathan, Ram; Johnson, Matthew P
Means for ultrasonic testing when material properties vary
A device is provided for maintaining constant sensitivity in an ultrasonic testing device, despite varying attenuation due to the properties of the material being tested. The device includes a sensor transducer for transmitting and receiving a test signal and a monitor transducer positioned so as to receive ultrasonic energy transmitted through the material to be tested. The received signal of the monitor transducer is utilized in analyzing data obtained from the sensor transducer.
Beller, Laurence S. (Idaho Falls, ID)
f(R) cosmological solutions with varying speed of light
We consider f(R) modified gravity theories for describing varying speed of light in a spatially flat FRW model, and find some exact solutions. Also we examine the dynamics of this model by dynamical system method assuming a LambdaCDM background and we find some exact solutions by considering the character of critical points of the theory in both formalisms. The behaviour of the speed of light is obtained.
Azam Izadi; Ali Shojai
Technology Transfer
... get started on understanding accessibility in elections and voting technology. ... bibliography was created by the Georgia Tech Research Institute ...
Processing Technology
Aug 5, 2013... relevant polymers and hybrid nanocomposite material systems. ... technology to perform lightweight manufacturing of car components.
A new search feature has been implemented, which allows searching of technology transfer information across the Department of Energy Laboratories.
Analysis of the impact of federal tax incentives on market diffusion for solar thermal/WECS technologies 1980-1990. Final report
The technical appendices include: an estimate of the additional industrial energy services market from 1980-1990; data and assumptions used to develop the technology cost information, which is in turn used to devlop market penetration model and forecasts, market penetration models for space and direct heat and process heat; financial, equipment cost, and performance parameters for performing market penetration study; capital and operating and maintenance costs for conventional industrial energy systems and for solar energy systems with conventional backup; a review of market diffusion models for new industrial energy supply technologies; and financial formulae. (LEW)
Detecting Cellulase Penetration Into Corn Stover Cell Walls by Immuno-Electron Microscopy
In general, pretreatments are designed to enhance the accessibility of cellulose to enzymes, allowing for more efficient conversion. In this study, we have detected the penetration of major cellulases present in a commercial enzyme preparation (Spezyme CP) into corn stem cell walls following mild-, moderate- and high-severity dilute sulfuric acid pretreatments. The Trichoderma reesei enzymes, Cel7A (CBH I) and Cel7B (EG I), as well as the cell wall matrix components xylan and lignin were visualized within digested corn stover cell walls by immuno transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using enzyme- and polymer-specific antibodies. Low severity dilute-acid pretreatment (20 min at 100 C) enabled <1% of the thickness of secondary cell walls to be penetrated by enzyme, moderate severity pretreatment at (20 min at 120 C) allowed the enzymes to penetrate {approx}20% of the cell wall, and the high severity (20 min pretreatment at 150 C) allowed 100% penetration of even the thickest cell walls. These data allow direct visualization of the dramatic effect dilute-acid pretreatment has on altering the condensed ultrastructure of biomass cell walls. Loosening of plant cell wall structure due to pretreatment and the subsequently improved access by cellulases has been hypothesized by the biomass conversion community for over two decades, and for the first time, this study provides direct visual evidence to verify this hypothesis. Further, the high-resolution enzyme penetration studies presented here provide insight into the mechanisms of cell wall deconstruction by cellulolytic enzymes.
Donohoe, B. S.; Selig, M. J.; Viamajala, S.; Vinzant, T. B.; Adney, W. S.; Himmel, M. E.
Technology Strategies
From the Book:PrefaceTechnology as the Strategic AdvantageWhen I began writing this book I struggled with the direction I wanted it to take. Is this book to be about business, technology, or even the business of technology? I ...
Cooper Smith
Wind technology roadmap | OpenEI Community
Wind technology roadmap Wind technology roadmap Home > Groups > DOE Wind Vision Community GrandpasKnob's picture Submitted by GrandpasKnob(5) Member 13 August, 2013 - 12:58 I think it would be valuable for DOE to consider the creation of a wind technology roadmap as part of their new vision. In the semiconductor industry, Moore's Law became a self-fulfilling prophecy due to that industry's creation and adherence to a roadmap (see http://www.itrs.net/). A similar shared vision of the wind-energy future could spur the cross-industry cooperation needed to drive increases in penetration. Groups: DOE Wind Vision Community Login to post comments Latest discussions GrandpasKnob Wind technology roadmap Posted: 13 Aug 2013 - 12:58 by GrandpasKnob Groups Menu You must login in order to post into this group.
Study of partial penetration in a two-layered aquifer. I. Analytical solution
An analytic solution is presented to the problem of transient flow to a partially penetrating well that is open in either layer of finite thickness in a two-layered system. Crossflow is permitted at the interface between the two layers. Closed form solutions have been obtained which can easily be evaluated numerically. Simplified forms of the solutions for small and large values of time have been developed from the main solution. It has also been shown that the solution reduces to the case of single layer partial penetration once we allow the permeability of the nonperforated layer to vanish. The approach here is to start with the problem when the pumping well is open only in the top layer. A second solution is also developed when the well is partially penetrating only in the lower layer.
Javandel, I.; Witherspoon, P.A.
Particle size for greatest penetration of HEPA filters - and their true efficiency
The particle size that most greatly penetrates a filter is a function of filter media construction, aerosol density, and air velocity. In this paper the published results of several experiments are compared with a modern filtration theory that predicts single-fiber efficiency and the particle size of maximum penetration. For high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters used under design conditions this size is calculated to be 0.21 ..mu..m diam. This is in good agreement with the experimental data. The penetration at 0.21 ..mu..m is calculated to be seven times greater than at the 0.3 ..mu..m used for testing HEPA filters. Several mechanisms by which filters may have a lower efficiency in use than when tested are discussed.
da Roza, R.A.
Solar total energy systems final technical summary report. Volume I. Solar total energy systems market penetration
The results of the market penetration analysis of Solar Total Energy Systems (STES) for the industrial sector are described. Performance data derived for STES commercial applications are included. The energy use and price forecasts used in the analysis are summarized. The STES Applications Model (SAM), has been used to develop data on STES development potential by state and industry as a function of time from 1985 through 2015. A second computer code, the Market Penetration Model (MPM), has been completed and used to develop forecasts of STES market penetration and national energy displacement by fuel type. This model was also used to generate sensitivity factors for incentives, and variations in assumptions of cost of STES competing fuel. Results for the STES performance analysis for commercial applications are presented. (MHR)
Bush, L.R.; Munjal, P.K.
High-Penetration Photovoltaics Standards and Codes Workshop, Denver, Colorado, May 20, 2010: Workshop Proceedings
Effectively interconnecting high-level penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems requires careful technical attention to ensuring compatibility with electric power systems. Standards, codes, and implementation have been cited as major impediments to widespread use of PV within electric power systems. On May 20, 2010, in Denver, Colorado, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), held a workshop to examine the key technical issues and barriers associated with high PV penetration levels with an emphasis on codes and standards. This workshop included building upon results of the High Penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems into the Distribution Grid workshop held in Ontario California on February 24-25, 2009, and upon the stimulating presentations of the diverse stakeholder presentations.
Coddington, M.; Kroposki, B.; Basso, T.; Lynn, K.; Herig, C.; Bower, W.
Nielsen-Olesen vortex in varying-alpha theories
We consider soliton solutions to Bekenstein's theory, for which the fine structure constant $\\alpha=e^2/(4\\pi\\hbar c)$ is allowed to vary due to the presence of a dielectric field pervading the vacuum. More specifically we investigate the effects of a varying $\\alpha$ upon a complex scalar field with a U(1) electromagnetic gauge symmetry subject to spontaneous symmetry breaking. We find vortex solutions to this theory, similar to the Nielsen-Olesen vortex. Near the vortex core the electric charge is typically much larger than far away from the string, lending these strings a superconducting flavour. In general the dielectric field coats the usual local string with a global string envelope. We discuss the cosmological implications of networks of such strings, with particular emphasis on their ability to generate inhomogeneous recombination scenarios. We also consider the possibility of the dielectric being a charged free field. Even though the vacuum of such a field is trivial, we find that the dielectric arranges itself in the shape of a local string, with a quantized magnetic flux at the core -- presumably borrowing these topological features from the underlying Nielsen-Olesen vortex.
J. Magueijo; H. Sandvik; T. W. B. Kibble
Quantum capacity under adversarial quantum noise: arbitrarily varying quantum channels
We investigate entanglement transmission over an unknown channel in the presence of a third party (called the adversary), which is enabled to choose the channel from a given set of memoryless but non-stationary channels without informing the legitimate sender and receiver about the particular choice that he made. This channel model is called arbitrarily varying quantum channel (AVQC). We derive a quantum version of Ahlswede's dichotomy for classical arbitrarily varying channels. This includes a regularized formula for the common randomness-assisted capacity for entanglement transmission of an AVQC. Quite surprisingly and in contrast to the classical analog of the problem involving the maximal and average error probability, we find that the capacity for entanglement transmission of an AVQC always equals its strong subspace transmission capacity. These results are accompanied by different notions of symmetrizability (zero-capacity conditions) as well as by conditions for an AVQC to have a capacity described by a single-letter formula. In he final part of the paper the capacity of the erasure-AVQC is computed and some light shed on the connection between AVQCs and zero-error capacities. Additionally, we show by entirely elementary and operational arguments motivated by the theory of AVQCs that the quantum, classical, and entanglement-assisted zero-error capacities of quantum channels are generically zero and are discontinuous at every positivity point.
Rudolf Ahlswede; Igor Bjelakovic; Holger Boche; Janis Noetzel
A model of a varying Ghost Dark energy
Motivated by recent developments in Cosmology we would like to assume a possibility of the existence of varying Ghost Dark energy. Ghost Dark energy like other models was introduced recently as a model of dark energy. As accepted in general, in GR dark energy is a possible way to explain accelerated expansion of the Universe reported from different experimental data. From the beginning we would like to stress the fact, that proposed modifications are based on our believe and probably for this reason there is not a well establish physical theory behind the models. Concerning to the origin of varying Ghost dark energy, we can assume an existence of some interaction (and unknown physics behind it), between Ghost Dark energy and a fluid and last component during interaction evaporated completely making sense of the proposed effect. Moreover, we can assume that this was in epochs and scales which are unreachable by nowadays experiments. The same assumptions could be accepted or proposed for the interaction terms.
Martiros Khurshudyan; Amalya Khurshudyan
MHK Technologies/SeaGen | Open Energy Information
SeaGen SeaGen < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage SeaGen.jpg Technology Profile Primary Organization Marine Current Turbines Ltd Project(s) where this technology is utilized *MHK Projects/Seaflow Tidal Energy System *MHK Projects/SeaGen 2 *MHK Projects/SeaGen KyleRhea *MHK Projects/Seagen Strangford *MHK Projects/The Skerries Technology Resource Click here Current/Tidal Technology Type Click here Axial Flow Turbine Technology Readiness Level Click here TRL 9: Commercial-Scale Production / Application Technology Description Two 16m diameter rotors mounted on a steel cross beam Mooring Configuration Jacketed quadrapod structure with 4 pinpiles each of 1m diameter penetrating 9m into bedrock. SeaGen can also be supplied on a 3.5m monopile and its predecessor the 300kW Seaflow was installed on a 2.1m diameter monopile.
Building Technologies Office: Technology Research, Standards...
to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Technology Research, Standards, and Codes in Emerging Technologies on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies...
flat block of power, generation from natural gas fired CCGTsnatural gas plants. Even at high penetration adding power from a flat block does not displace any generation
Solar Power and Thermal Energy Storage. Technical ReportCSP) with and without thermal energy storage (TES) are addedwith or without thermal energy storage at low penetration,
Technology '90
The US Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories have a long history of excellence in performing research and development in a number of areas, including the basic sciences, applied-energy technology, and weapons-related technology. Although technology transfer has always been an element of DOE and laboratory activities, it has received increasing emphasis in recent years as US industrial competitiveness has eroded and efforts have increased to better utilize the research and development resources the laboratories provide. This document, Technology '90, is the latest in a series that is intended to communicate some of the many opportunities available for US industry and universities to work with the DOE and its laboratories in the vital activity of improving technology transfer to meet national needs. Technology '90 is divided into three sections: Overview, Technologies, and Laboratories. The Overview section describes the activities and accomplishments of the DOE research and development program offices. The Technologies section provides descriptions of new technologies developed at the DOE laboratories. The Laboratories section presents information on the missions, programs, and facilities of each laboratory, along with a name and telephone number of a technology transfer contact for additional information. Separate papers were prepared for appropriate sections of this report.
Performance and Cost Model for Solar Energy Technologies in Support of the Systems-Driven Approach
A comprehensive solar technology systems analysis model is being developed to support the implementation of the systems driven approach to program planning for the U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Energy Technologies Program (SETP). Use of this systems model, together with technology and cost benchmarking, market penetration analysis, and other relevant considerations, will support the development of program priorities and direction, and the subsequent investment needed to support R&D activities.
Mehos, M.; Mooney, D.
Bulk Energy Storage Technologies, 2013: Performance Potential, Grid Services, and Cost Expectations
Bulk energy storage (BES) is a valuable technology option that can enhance grid flexibility, facilitate better utilization of existing grid assets, enhance wind farm economics, and facilitate higher penetration of renewables. Significant changes are now occurring that are enhancing the economic viability of BES, including technology advancements, new market products, regulatory incentives, generator retirements, and improved evaluation of BES revenues. As a result, a wide variety of BES technologies ...
Les technologies de l'information et de la communication au niveau mondial et en Roumanie dans les dernieres annees
The level of development of the electronic communication market and of the information technology, the indicators regarding the penetration of Internet and the level of penetration of the connections in wide band, the integration degree of the Tic application in the business area are crucial for the development of an informational society and for the creation of a society based on knowledge. Though the levels are still reduced their positive evolution reflects the attenuation of the gaps by Romania, comparatively to other countries.
Codat, Diana Sophia
Constraining PCP Violating Varying Alpha Theory through Laboratory Experiments
In this report we have studied the implication of a parity and charge-parity (PCP) violating interaction in varying alpha theory. Due to this interaction, the state of photon polarization can change when it passes through a strong background magnetic field. We have calculated the optical rotation and ellipticity of the plane of polarization of an electromagnetic wave and tested our results against different laboratory experiments. Our model contains a PCP violating parameter {beta} and a scale of alpha variation {omega}. By analyzing the laboratory experimental data, we found the most stringent constraints on our model parameters to be 1 {le} {omega} {le} 10{sup 13} GeV{sup 2} and -0.5 {le} {beta} {le} 0.5. We also found that with the existing experimental input parameters it is very difficult to detect the ellipticity in the near future.
Maity, Debaprasad; /NCTS, Taipei /Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.; Chen, Pisin; /NCTS, Taipei /Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U. /KIPAC, Menlo Park /SLAC
Collaboration between varied organizations develops larger, more precise
The Large Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) collaboration has developed cheaper, larger, more robust microchannel plates, seen here at a test facility at Argonne. The LAPPD team has partnered with Massachusetts-based fiber optics company INCOM Inc. to manufacture the plates. Click to enlarge. The Large Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) collaboration has developed cheaper, larger, more robust microchannel plates, seen here at a test facility at Argonne. The LAPPD team has partnered with Massachusetts-based fiber optics company INCOM Inc. to manufacture the plates. Click to enlarge. The Large Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) collaboration has developed cheaper, larger, more robust microchannel plates, seen here at a test facility at Argonne. The LAPPD team has partnered with Massachusetts-based fiber optics company INCOM Inc. to manufacture the plates. Click to enlarge. Collaboration between varied organizations develops larger, more precise photodetectors for the market By Chelsea Leu * November 5, 2013 Tweet EmailPrint Scientific particle detectors, medical imaging devices and cargo scanners
6 News Stories (and older) 6 News Stories (and older) 12.21.2005___________________________________________________________________ Genzyme acquires gene therapy technology invented at Berkeley Lab. Read more here. 07.19.2005 _________________________________________________________________ Symyx, a start up company using Berkeley Lab combinatorial chemistry technology licensed by the Technology Transfer Department and developed by Peter Schultz and colleagues in the Materials Sciences Division, will be honored with Frost & Sullivan's 2005 Technology Leadership Award at their Excellence in Emerging Technologies Awards Banquet for developing enabling technologies and methods to aid better, faster and more efficient R&D. Read more here. 07.11.2005 _________________________________________________________________ Nanosys, Inc., a Berkeley Lab startup, is among the solar nanotech companies investors along Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park hope that thinking small will translate into big profits. Read more here.
Product Binding Varies Dramatically between Processive and Nonprocessive Cellulase Enzymes
Cellulases hydrolyze {beta}-1,4 glycosidic linkages in cellulose, which are among the most prevalent and stable bonds in Nature. Cellulases comprise many glycoside hydrolase families and exist as processive or nonprocessive enzymes. Product inhibition negatively impacts cellulase action, but experimental measurements of product-binding constants vary significantly, and there is little consensus on the importance of this phenomenon. To provide molecular level insights into cellulase product inhibition, we examine the impact of product binding on processive and nonprocessive cellulases by calculating the binding free energy of cellobiose to the product sites of catalytic domains of processive and nonprocessive enzymes from glycoside hydrolase families 6 and 7. The results suggest that cellobiose binds to processive cellulases much more strongly than nonprocessive cellulases. We also predict that the presence of a cellodextrin bound in the reactant site of the catalytic domain, which is present during enzymatic catalysis, has no effect on product binding in nonprocessive cellulases, whereas it significantly increases product binding to processive cellulases. This difference in product binding correlates with hydrogen bonding between the substrate-side ligand and the cellobiose product in processive cellulase tunnels and the additional stabilization from the longer tunnel-forming loops. The hydrogen bonds between the substrate- and product-side ligands are disrupted by water in nonprocessive cellulase clefts, and the lack of long tunnel-forming loops results in lower affinity of the product ligand. These findings provide new insights into the large discrepancies reported for binding constants for cellulases and suggest that product inhibition will vary significantly based on the amount of productive binding for processive cellulases on cellulose.
Bu, L.; Nimlos, M. R.; Shirts, M. R.; Stahlberg, J.; Himmel, M. E.; Crowley, M. F.; Beckham, G. T.
Microwave Technology
Oct 20, 2011 ... These wastes are found in the market. ... Cherian1; Michael Kirksey1; Sandwip Dey2; 1Spheric Technologies Inc; 2Arizona State University
Technology Update
A Novel Solvent Extraction Process With Bottom Gas Injection for Liquid Waste ... Membrane Technology for Treatment of Wastes Containing Dissolved Metals:�...
NETL: Technologies
projects are designed to: enhance domestic oil and natural gas supplies through advanced exploration and production technology; examine water related concerns; investigate...
Transmission Technologies
electronically (shift-by-wire) and performed by a hydraulic system or electric motor. In addition, technologies can be employed to make the shifting process smoother than...
Technological Change and Its Effects on Mitigation Costs
This report emphasizes that understanding the way technologies evolve and penetrate the market is essential to understanding methods of addressing global climate change. The focus of this chapter is on the ways in which technological change is captured by climate change policy modelers, with particular attention on two idealized approaches: top-down and bottom-up. The conclusion is that in order to understand the implications of large-scale economic models of the climate change problem, it is essential to understand first the assumptions that have been made regarding the path of technological progress.
Edmonds, James A.; Roop, Joseph M.; Scott, M. J.
Penetration of buoyancy driven current due to a wind forced river plume
The long term response of a plume associated with freshwater penetration into ambient, ocean water under upwelling favorable winds is studied using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) in an idealized domain. Three different cases were examined, including a shore perpendicular source and shore parallel source with steady winds, and a shore perpendicular source with oscillating alongshore winds. Freshwater flux is used to define plume penetration. Alongshore penetration of buoyant currents is proportional to freshwater input and inversely proportional to upwelling wind stress strength. Strong wind more quickly prevents fresh water�s penetration. Under upwelling favorable winds, the plume is advected offshore by Ekman transport as well as upcoast by the mean flow. This causes the bulge to detach from the coast and move to upcoast and offshore with a 45 degree angle. The path of the bulge is roughly linear, and is independent of wind strength. The bulge speed has a linear relationship with the wind stress strength, and it matches the expected speed based on Ekman theory. Sinusoidal wind leads to sequential upwelling and downwelling events. The plume has an asymmetric response to upwelling and downwelling and fresh water flux is changed immediately by wind. During downwelling, the downcoast fresh water transport is greatest, while it is reduced during upwelling. Background mean flow in the downcoast direction substantially increases alongshore freshwater transport.
Baek, Seong-Ho
Multi-Area Stochastic Unit Commitment for High Wind Penetration in a Transmission Constrained
Multi-Area Stochastic Unit Commitment for High Wind Penetration in a Transmission firstname.lastname@example.com In this paper we present a unit commitment model for studying the impact of large-scale wind integration of renewable energy integration. Key words : unit commitment; stochastic programming; wind power; transmission
Oren, Shmuel S.
Method of dispensing droplets to penetration-resistive mediums. [Patent application
Uniform, monosized microspheroids are produced in a gelation medium characterized by a high resistance to surface penetration by reducing the effect of impact on entry of the droplets into the medium by contacting the droplet with a stream of medium and by introducing the resulting stream into a gelation column.
Fowler, V.L.; Ryon, A.D.; Haas, P.A.
Assessing the Long-Term System Value of Intermittent Electric Generation Technologies
This research investigates the economic penetration and system-wide effects of large-scale intermittent technologies in an electric generation system. The research extends the standard screening curve analysis to optimize the penetration and system structure with intermittent technologies. The analysis is based on hour-by-hour electric demands and intermittent generation. A theoretical framework is developed to find an expression for the marginal value of an intermittent technology as a function of the average system marginal cost, the capacity factor of the generator, and the covariance between the generator's hourly production and the hourly system marginal cost. A series of model runs are made examining the penetration of wind and photovoltaic in a simple electric generation system. These illustrate the conclusions in the theoretical analysis and illustrate the effects that large-scale intermittent penetration has on the structure of the generation system. In the long-term, adding intermittent generation to a system allows us to restructure the dispatchable generation capacity to a mix with lower capital cost. It is found that large scale intermittent generation tends to reduce the optimal capacity and production of baseload generators and increase the capacity and production of intermediate generators, although the extent to which this occurs depends strongly on the pattern of production from the intermediate generators. It is also shown that the marginal value of intermittent generation declines as it penetrates. The analysis investigates the specific mechanism through which this occurs.
Lamont, A D
Metering Technology
Utilities are looking to replace meters that only measure kilowatt-hours with advanced meters with greater features and functions. This White Paper describes the smart metering technology that is already available or will be available in the near future. It also provides a high-level overview of the wired and wireless communication technologies used in the metering industry.
3 Archive 3 Archive #810 Leasing on the Rise December 30, 2013 #809 What Do We Pay for in a Gallon of Gasoline? December 23, 2013 #808 Declining Use of Six- and Eight-Cylinder Engines December 16, 2013 #807 Light Vehicle Weights Leveling Off December 9, 2013 #806 Light Vehicle Market Shares, Model Years 1975-2012 December 2, 2013 #805 Vehicle Technology Penetration November 25, 2013 #804 Tool Available to Print Used Vehicle Fuel Economy Window Stickers November 18, 2013 #803 Average Number of Transmission Gears is on the Rise November 11, 2013 #802 Market Share by Transmission Type November 4, 2013 #801 Gasoline Direct Injection Continues to Grow October 28, 2013 #800 Characteristics of New Light Vehicles over Time October 21, 2013 #799 Electricity Generation by Source, 2003-2012 September 30, 2013
PHEV Technology Analysis at Argonne
estimate the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles estimate the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the U.S., Argonne National Laboratory is analyzing typical travel behavior, new technology penetration patterns, and pathways for vehicle fuels. The analysis will lead to better understanding of: * Potential buyers of PHEVs, * Patterns of charging PHEV battery packs, * Potential for petroleum use reduction, and * Well-to-wheel energy and greenhouse gas emissions implications. Heart of the market concept Combining PHEV simulation results with evaluation of travel behavior from a national survey, Argonne researchers developed the "Heart of the Market" concept. This concept eliminates vehicles that travel less than a PHEV's electric range per day, since a PHEV is not
There are 9 technologies tagged "cancer". BSA 01-02: ... a limited-liability company founded by the Research Foundation for the State University of ...
Manufacturing Science and Technology: Technologies
Courtesy of ZCorp The Rapid Prototyping Laboratory (RPL) supports internal design, manufacturing, and process development with three rapid prototyping (RP) technologies:...
BSA 11-30: Enhanced Alkane production by Aldehyde Decarbonylase Fusion Constructs; BSA 12-36: Oil Accumulation in Plant Leaves; Find a Technology.
parts Brazing large complex parts The joining and heat-treating technologies in the Thin Film, Vacuum, & Packaging department include brazing, heat-treating, diffusion...
On-farm use of biomass fuels: market penetration potential during normal and fuel-emergency conditions
The potential for biomass fuels produced in decentralized facilities to replace the centrally produced fuels currently used in agriculture is examined. Two issues are examined. Will biomass fuels become cost-competitive relative to central fuels. And, what is the potential for biomass fuels to replace central fuels during emergency conditions when central fuels are unavailable. To answer these questions, descriptions of a range of currently available biomass technologies have been prepared and estimates made of current and projected agricultural fuel needs and biomass-feedstock availabilities. A variety of assumptions about future conditions have been adopted, the most important of which is that central fuel prices escalate at 7.5% annually relative to the commodities and inputs used to produce biomass fuel products. Under these assumptions, a number of biomass fuels will become cost-competitive during the 1980s, but most will do so late in the decade. Moreover, once these fuels become cost-competitive, penetration will occur gradually. Market forces thus will not markedly reduce the vulnerability of agriculture to energy-supply interruptions during this period. Biomass fuels could, however, play an important role during a fuel emergency. Estimates indicate they could replace up to about 60% of annual agricultural-sector fuel consumption by 1990, during the course of a fuel emergency of one year's duration.
Bjornstad, D.J.; Hillsman, E.L.; Tepel, R.C.; Mills, J.B.; CHester, C.V.; Klepper, O.H.; Borkowski, R.J.; Nichols, J.; Rainey, J.A.
Some Consequences of the New Information and Communication Technologies for Higher Education
varied functions of higher education. But the short historyTECHNOLOGIES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION Spring 2000 Martin Trowtechnologies in higher education is so very large, and
Trow, Martin A
Hydrogen Storage Options: Technologies and Comparisons for Light-Duty Vehicle Applications
hydrogen in storage varies between the various energy storagethe energy storage characteristics of the various hydrogenthat the energy densities of hydrogen storage technologies
Burke, Andrew; Gardnier, Monterey
Vehicle Technologies Office: Vehicle Technologies Office Recognizes
Vehicle Technologies Vehicle Technologies Office Recognizes Outstanding Researchers to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Vehicle Technologies Office Recognizes Outstanding Researchers on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Vehicle Technologies Office Recognizes Outstanding Researchers on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Vehicle Technologies Office Recognizes Outstanding Researchers on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Vehicle Technologies Office Recognizes Outstanding Researchers on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Vehicle Technologies Office Recognizes Outstanding Researchers on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: Vehicle Technologies Office Recognizes Outstanding Researchers on AddThis.com...
Vehicle Technologies Office: Graduate Automotive Technology Education
Deployment Deployment Site Map Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to Vehicle Technologies Office: Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) on AddThis.com...
Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies Activities
Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies Activities to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies Activities on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies Activities on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies Activities on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies Activities on Delicious Rank Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies Activities on Digg Find More places to share Building Technologies Office: Emerging Technologies Activities on AddThis.com... About Take Action to Save Energy Partner with DOE Activities Appliances Research Building Envelope Research Windows, Skylights, & Doors Research Space Heating & Cooling Research Water Heating Research
Stability of stationary and time-varying nongyrotropic particle distributions
Abstract. The ubiquity of nongyrotropic particle populations in space plasmas warrants the study of their characteristics, in particular their stability. The unperturbed nongyrotropic distribution functions in homogeneous media without sources and sinks (closed phase space) must be rotating and time-varying (TNG), whereas consideration of open phase spaces allows for the occurrence of homogeneous and stationary distributions (SNG). The free energy brought about by the introduction of gyrophase organization in a particle population can destabilize otherwise thoroughly stable magnetoplasmas (or, a fortiori, enhance pre-existing gyrotropic instabilities) and feed intense wave growth both in TNG and SNG environments: The nongyrotropic (electron or ion) species can originate unstable coupling among the gyrotropic characteristic waves. The stability properties of these two types of homogeneous nongyrotropy shall be contrasted for parallel (with respect to the ambient magnetic �eld) and perpendicular propagation, and their potential role as wave activity sources shall be illustrated resorting to solutions of the appropriate dispersion equations and numerical simulations. Key words. Space plasma physics (waves and instabilities) Magnetospheric physics (plasma waves and instabilities) Interplanetary physics (plasma waves and turbulence) 1
A. L. Brinca
Device for producing a fluid stream of varying composition
A device for producing a fluid stream of varying composition comprises a chamber having an inlet at one end and outlet at the other. Between the inlet and outlet there are substantially planar pans or baffles positioned normal to the bulk flow of fluid between the inlet and the outlet. These pans are arranged in pairs. Each pan, except those of the pair most remote from the inlet, is spaced from the walls of the chamber to permit air to flow past it. The pans of each pair are also spaced from each other, in a direction parallel to their planes, leaving an empty space along the mid-plane of the chamber. This produces a circulation and mixing of fluid between the pairs of pans or baffles. A secondary stream of fluid is introduced between two pairs of baffles in the intermediate portion of the chamber, so that the composition of the fluid is different in the portion adjacent to the outlet and the portion adjacent to the inlet. In a specific embodiment, the device is an exposure chamber for experimental animals, and the pans or baffles are catch pans for excrement.
Moss, Owen R. (Kennewick, WA); Clark, Mark L. (Kennewick, WA); Rossignol, E. John (Richland, WA)
Technology diffusion of energy-related products in residential markets
Acceptance of energy-related technologies by end residential consumers, manufacturers of energy-related products, and other influential intermediate markets such as builders will influence the potential for market penetration of innovative energy-related technologies developed by the Department of Energy, Office of Building and Community Systems (OBCS). In this report, Pacific Northwest Laboratory reviewed the available information on technology adoption, diffusion, and decision-making processes to provide OBCS with a background and understanding of the type of research that has previously been conducted on this topic. Insight was gained as to the potential decision-making criteria and motivating factors that influence the decision-maker(s) selection of new technologies, and some of the barriers to technology adoption faced by potential markets for OBCS technologies.
Davis, L.J.; Bruneau, C.L.
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM Technologies
.eere.energy.gov/informationcenter hydrogen and electricity for fuel cell and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles while using proven stationary vehicles with its own fuel cell technology. Currently, advanced vehicle technologies are being evalu- ated and fuel cells offer great promise for our energy future. Fuel cell vehicles are not yet commercially
Formulation and Characterization of Waste Glasses with Varying Processing Temperature
This report documents the preliminary results of glass formulation and characterization accomplished within the finished scope of the EM-31 technology development tasks for WP-4 and WP-5, including WP-4.1.2: Glass Formulation for Next Generation Melter, WP-126.96.36.199: Systematic Glass Studies, and WP-188.8.131.52: Glass Formulation for Specific Wastes. This report also presents the suggested studies for eventual restart of these tasks. The initial glass formulation efforts for the cold crucible induction melter (CCIM), operating at {approx}1200 C, with selected HLW (AZ-101) and LAW (AN-105) successfully developed glasses with significant increase of waste loading compared to that is likely to be achieved based on expected reference WTP formulations. Three glasses formulated for AZ-101HLW and one glass for AN-105 LAW were selected for the initial CCIM demonstration melter tests. Melter tests were not performed within the finished scope of the WP-4.1.2 task. Glass formulations for CCIM were expanded to cover additional HLWs that have high potential to successfully demonstrate the unique advantages of the CCIM technologies based on projected composition of Hanford wastes. However, only the preliminary scoping tests were completed with selected wastes within the finished scope. Advanced glass formulations for the reference WTP melter, operating at {approx}1200 C, were initiated with selected specific wastes to determine the estimated maximum waste loading. The incomplete results from these initial formulation efforts are summarized. For systematic glass studies, a test matrix of 32 high-aluminum glasses was completed based on a new method developed in this study.
Kim, Dong-Sang; Schweiger, M. J.; Rodriguez, Carmen P.; Lepry, William C.; Lang, Jesse B.; Crum, Jarrod V.; Vienna, John D.; Johnson, Fabienne; Marra, James C.; Peeler, David K.
An investigation of penetrant techniques for detection of machining-induced surface-breaking cracks on monolithic ceramics
The purpose of this effort was to evaluate penetrant methods for their ability to detect surface-breaking cracks in monolithic ceramic materials with an emphasis on detection of cracks generated by machining. There are two basic penetrant types, visible and fluorescent. The visible penetrant method is usually augmented by powder developers and cracks detected can be seen in visible light. Cracks detected by fluorescent penetrant are visible only under ultraviolet light used with or without a developer. The developer is basically a powder that wicks up penetrant from a crack to make it more observable. Although fluorescent penetrants were recommended in the literature survey conducted early in this effort, visible penetrants and two non-standard techniques, a capillary gaseous diffusion method under development at the institute of Chemical Physics in Moscow, and the {open_quotes}statiflux{close_quotes} method which involves use of electrically charged particles, were also investigated. SiAlON ring specimens (1 in. diameter, 3/4 in. wide) which had been subjected to different thermal-shock cycles were used for these tests. The capillary gaseous diffusion method is based on ammonia; the detector is a specially impregnated paper much like litmus paper. As expected, visible dye penetrants offered no detection sensitivity for tight, surface-breaking cracks in ceramics. Although the non-standard statiflux method showed promise on high-crack-density specimens, it was ineffective on limited-crack-density specimens. The fluorescent penetrant method was superior for surface-breaking crack detection, but successful application of this procedure depends greatly on the skill of the user. Two presently available high-sensitivity fluorescent penetrants were then evaluated for detection of microcracks on Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} and SiC from different suppliers. Although 50X optical magnification may be sufficient for many applications, 200X magnification provides excellent delectability.
Forster, G.A.; Ellingson, W.A.
Understanding the impact of large-scale penetration of micro combined heat & power technologies within energy systems/
Significant energy challenges today come from security of supply and environmental concerns. Those surpass the quest for economic efficiency that has been the primary objective until recent times. In an intensive fossil-fuel ...
Tapia-Ahumada, Karen de los �ngeles
Understanding the Impact of Large-Scale Penetration of Micro Combined Heat & Power Technologies within Energy Systems
increase with the incorporation of additional features such as a hot water storage unit integrated ........................................................................................................ 30 FIGURE 2.2.4: FUEL CELL BASIC OPERATION............................................................................................................ 32 FIGURE 3.1.1: RESIDENTIAL HEATING & ELECTRIC SYSTEM USING A MICRO-CHP UNIT UNDER A HOT
Rudnick, Hugh
Creating the Next Generation of Energy Efficient Technology Creating the Next Generation of Energy Efficient Technology The Emerging Technologies team partners with national laboratories, industry, and universities to advance research, development, and commercialization of energy efficient and cost effective building technologies. These partnerships help foster American ingenuity to develop cutting-edge technologies that have less than 5 years to market readiness, and contribute to the goal to reduce energy consumption by at least 50%. Sandia Cooler's innovative, compact design combines a fan and a finned metal heat sink into a single element, efficiently transferring heat in microelectronics and reducing energy use. Supporting Innovative Research to Help Reduce Energy Use and Advance Manufacturing Learn More
Technology Analysis
* Heavy Vehicle Technologies * Heavy Vehicle Technologies * Multi-Path Transportation Futures * Idling Studies * EDrive Vehicle Monthly Sales Transportation Research and Analysis Computing Center Working With Argonne Contact TTRDC Technology Analysis truck Heavy vehicle techologies are one subject of study. Research Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation Heavy Vehicle Technologies Multi-Path Transportation Futures Study Idling Studies Light Duty Electric Drive Vehicles Monthly Sales Updates Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling and Life Cycle Analysis Reports Propane Vehicles: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities (pdf; 525 kB) Natural Gas Vehicles: Status, Barriers, and Opportunities (pdf; 696 kB) Regulatory Influences That Will Likely Affect Success of Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles (pdf; 1.02 MB)
Fabrication Technology
The mission of the Fabrication Technology thrust area is to have an adequate base of manufacturing technology, not necessarily resident at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), to conduct the future business of LLNL. The specific goals continue to be to (1) develop an understanding of fundamental fabrication processes; (2) construct general purpose process models that will have wide applicability; (3) document findings and models in journals; (4) transfer technology to LLNL programs, industry, and colleagues; and (5) develop continuing relationships with the industrial and academic communities to advance the collective understanding of fabrication processes. The strategy to ensure success is changing. For technologies in which they are expert and which will continue to be of future importance to LLNL, they can often attract outside resources both to maintain their expertise by applying it to a specific problem and to help fund further development. A popular vehicle to fund such work is the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with industry. For technologies needing development because of their future critical importance and in which they are not expert, they use internal funding sources. These latter are the topics of the thrust area. Three FY-92 funded projects are discussed in this section. Each project clearly moves the Fabrication Technology thrust area towards the goals outlined above. They have also continued their membership in the North Carolina State University Precision Engineering Center, a multidisciplinary research and graduate program established to provide the new technologies needed by high-technology institutions in the US. As members, they have access to and use of the results of their research projects, many of which parallel the precision engineering efforts at LLNL.
Blaedel, K.L.
Assessment of Gas Turbine Compressor Health Monitoring Technologies: Interim Report
A major risk item in gas turbine machinery is compressor rotor/stator blade failure, which can lead to the downstream propagation of components through the compressor. Several events of this nature have occurred over the last few years, in some cases causing catastrophic damage to the entire compressor. In response to these issues, a number of compressor monitoring approaches have been proposed, with different degrees of commercial penetration and technological readiness. The simplest approach is to ...
Relationship between Frequency of RFID Tags and Its Ability to Penetrate Fresh Concrete
The concrete maturity method can be utilized to determine in situ strength of concrete. It uses the temperature of concrete to determine a maturity index that can then be used to determine strength of concrete. However, monitoring the concrete temperature using thermocouples brings up a wiring issue, which is not advisable in an equipment and human intensive area like a construction site. One of the ways to get around this wiring issue is to use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, which is capable of transmitting information wirelessly. Previous research implemented using ultra high frequency RFID tags embedded in fresh concrete found that water could be the impediment for transmitting RFID signal from within concrete during early stages of curing. From literature it was found that lower the frequency, better the chances of the wave penetrating water. The objective of the research was to figure out whether the frequency of RFID tags has any relationship with the readability of RFID tags embedded in fresh concrete. For this investigation, low frequency, high frequency, and ultra high frequency RFID tags were tested within fresh concrete to see any difference between tags in terms of transmitting information. This experiment was carried out in a controlled space to reduce the number of variables affecting the experiment outcome. The low frequency, high frequency, and ultra high frequency RFID tags were placed within 2 in x 3 in x 2 in wooden formwork at a depth of 4 in, 8 in, and 12 in. Ready mix concrete was poured into the formwork and 3 concrete cubes were cast with the tags embedded within them. Readers that could be connected to a laptop were used to monitor and collect the time at which these RFID tags can be detected. The test showed that the RFID signals from the low frequency tags at all depths were detected as soon as concrete was poured. The Ultra High Frequency tags placed at the 4" level could be detected 15 minutes after concrete was poured. The UHF tags at the 8" level could be detected after 30 minutes. The UHF tags at the 12" level took on an average 2 hours to be detected from the vicinity of the formwork. The greater the depth at which the ultra high frequency tag was buried the longer it took for it to be detected. The high frequency tags could be detected only at the 4" level. The reason the performance of the HF card degraded in concrete could be because it uses an aluminum foil antenna which is more susceptible to the environment changing the relative permeability. A copper wire antenna could have fared better in this condition, increasing the chances of detecting the tag. Moreover a passive tag was used. The read range and chances of detection could have been increased had an active tag been used. The power of the reader that was used was also very less which might have contributed to the tag not being detected. Among the tags that were used in the experiment it was found that low frequency tags was the tag that could be detected the earliest after concrete was poured into the forms. However, the maximum read range of the tag observed in the experiment was 20" which is too small a distance to be used on an actual construction site.
Sridharan, Rajasekaran
The industry cost shared program aims to benchmark drilling rates of penetration in selected simulated deep formations and to significantly improve ROP through a team development of aggressive diamond product drill bit--fluid system technologies. Overall the objectives are as follows: Phase 1--Benchmark ''best in class'' diamond and other product drilling bits and fluids and develop concepts for a next level of deep drilling performance; Phase 2--Develop advanced smart bit-fluid prototypes and test at large scale; and Phase 3--Field trial smart bit-fluid concepts, modify as necessary and commercialize products. As of report date, TerraTek has concluded all major preparations for the high pressure drilling campaign. Baker Hughes encountered difficulties in providing additional pumping capacity before TerraTek's scheduled relocation to another facility, thus the program was delayed further to accommodate the full testing program.
Building Technologies Office: 2013 DOE Building Technologies...
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National Energy Technology Laboratory Technology Marketing Summaries. Here you�ll find marketing summaries for technologies available for licensing from the ...
Updated U.S. Geothermal Supply Characterization and Representation for Market Penetration Model Input
Updated U.S. Geothermal Updated U.S. Geothermal Supply Characterization and Representation for Market Penetration Model Input C. Augustine Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20-47459 October 2011 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Updated U.S. Geothermal Supply Characterization and Representation for Market Penetration Model Input C. Augustine Prepared under Task No. GT09.3002 Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20-47459 October 2011 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
Oxidation of depleted uranium penetrators and aerosol dispersal at high temperatures
Aerosols dispersed from depleted uranium penetrators exposed to air and air-CO/sub 2/ mixtures at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1000/sup 0/C for 2- or 4-h periods were characterized. These experiments indicated dispersal of low concentrations of aerosols in the respirable size range (typically <10/sup -3/% of penetrator mass at 223 cm/s (5 mph) windspeed). Oxidation was maximum at 700/sup 0/C in air and 800/sup 0/C in 50% air-50% CO/sub 2/, indicating some self-protection developed at higher temperatures. No evidence of self-sustained burning was observed, although complete oxidation can be expected in fires significantly exceeding 4 h, the longest exposure of this series. An outdoor burning experiment using 10 batches of pine wood and paper packing material as fuel caused the highest oxidation rate, probably accelerated by disruption of the oxide layer accompanying broad temperature fluctuation as each fuel batch was added.
Elder, J.C.; Tinkle, M.C.
Effective Ancillary Services Market Designs on High Wind Power Penetration Systems: Preprint
This paper focuses on how the ancillary service market designs are implemented and how they may require changes on systems with greater penetrations of variable renewable energy suppliers, in particular wind power. Ancillary services markets have been developed in many of the restructured power system regions throughout the world. Ancillary services include the services that support the provision of energy to support power system reliability. The ancillary services markets are tied tightly to the design of the energy market and to the physics of the system and therefore careful consideration of power system economics and engineering must be considered in their design. This paper focuses on how the ancillary service market designs are implemented and how they may require changes on systems with greater penetrations of variable renewable energy suppliers, in particular wind power.
Ela, E.; Kirby, B.; Navid, N.; Smith, J. C.
Direct Environmental Penetrating Radiation Data Summaries from DPRNET at Los Alamos National Laboratory
Naturally occurring external penetrating radiation originates from terrestrial and cosmic sources in the form of gamma rays, neutral particles, and charged particles. Human-made radiation consists of the same types of radiation. To evaluate natural and human-made direct penetrating radiation (DPR) in the ambient environment, LANL's environmental monitoring program uses thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Read the overview (from which this text is copied) at http://www.lanl.gov/environment/air/dprnet.shtml for an understanding of cosmic, terrestrial, and man-made DPR. LANL maintains a network of more than 100 data collecting stations. These stations are on-site, at the perimeters of the site, and in communities located throughout the region. They also include seven albedo TLDs. Quarterly dose summaries for each station are available in tabular form 1999 through the present. Annual dose summaries date back to 1974.
Impact of High Wind Power Penetrations on Hydroelectric Unit Operations in the WWSIS
High Wind Power High Wind Power Penetrations on Hydroelectric Unit Operations in the WWSIS Bri-Mathias Hodge, Debra Lew, and Michael Milligan Technical Report NREL/TP-5500-52251 July 2011 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 The Impact of High Wind Power Penetrations on Hydroelectric Unit Operations in the WWSIS Bri-Mathias Hodge, Debra Lew, and Michael Milligan Prepared under Task No. WE110810 Technical Report NREL/TP-5500-52251 July 2011 NOTICE
Evaluation of the Effective Moisture Penetration Depth Model for Estimating Moisture Buffering in Buildings
Evaluation of the Effective Evaluation of the Effective Moisture Penetration Depth Model for Estimating Moisture Buffering in Buildings J. Woods, J. Winkler, and D. Christensen National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report NREL/TP-5500-57441 January 2013 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Moisture Penetration Depth Model for Estimating Moisture Buffering in Buildings J. Woods, J. Winkler, and D. Christensen National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. BE12.0201
Kauai, Hawaii: Solar Resource Analysis and High-Penetration PV Potential
956 956 April 2010 Kauai, Hawaii: Solar Resource Analysis and High-Penetration PV Potential Chris Helm and Kari Burman National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 Technical Report NREL/TP-7A2-47956 April 2010 Kauai, Hawaii: Solar Resource Analysis and High-Penetration PV Potential Chris Helm and Kari Burman Prepared under Task No. IDHW.9170 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any
Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #221: June 17, 2002 Transit...
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Power System Operational and Planning Impacts of Generator Cycling Due to Increased Penetration of Variable Generation
This technical update describes work done in the second and final year of the EPRI Bulk Renewable Integration Program project, �Operational and Planning Impacts of Generator Cycling.� This project takes a system perspective in examining the issue of generator cycling behavior, which is likely to increase with increased renewable penetration. To better understand system impacts, researchers developed new modeling algorithms and used them in two case studies to investigate issues related ...
MAAP5 BWR Vessel Penetration and Ex-Vessel Equipment Model Enhancement Description
This report describes proposed enhancements to the Modular Accident Analysis Program (MAAP) vessel penetration and ex-vessel equipment model for BWR designs. MAAP is an�EPRI-owned and -licensed computer program that simulates the operation of light water and heavy water moderated nuclear power plants for both current and advanced light water reactor (ALWR) designs.The report explores the manner in which the in-core instrument tubes would respond during severe core damage events that ...
Peculiarities of parabolic-barrier penetrability and thermal decay rate with the quantum diffusion approach
With the quantum diffusion approach, the passing probability through the parabolic barrier is examined in the limit of linear coupling in the momentum between the collective subsystem and environment. The dependencies of the penetrability on time, energy, and the coupling strength between the interacting subsystems are studied. The quasistationary thermal decay rate from a metastable state is considered in the cases of linear couplings both in the momentum and in the coordinate.
Kuzyakin, R. A. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation); Omsk State Transport University, 644046 Omsk (Russian Federation); Sargsyan, V. V.; Adamian, G. G.; Antonenko, N. V. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (Russian Federation)
Measurement of displacements in granular systems in response to penetration and compaction
dynamic penetration experiments, a granular material�s behaviour most closely resembles that of a fluid. Hydrodynamic approximations, in which the material is treated as a fluid, have been successfully used to predict a variety of experimental parameters... be included, has also been applied to this area [27, 28]. Again, however, there is the limitation of treating the material as a continuum. Current modelling efforts are directed towards determining the forces experi- enced by individual particles in a granular...
Addiss, John
DOP Test Evaluation of the Ballistic Performance of Armor Ceramics against Long Rod Penetration
A series of DOP tests with lateral confinement have been carried out and a linear relation between the residual penetration in RHA and the alumina thickness has been obtained. The rod configuration and the initial transient impact are the two factors that cause the gradual decrease of the differential efficiency factor (DEF) when the ceramic thickness is increased in literature. A new improved DEF definition is proposed to characterize the thick tile ceramic ballistic performance based on a more physical analysis.
Huang Fenglei; Zhang Liansheng [State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China)
EPRI Electric GSE Market Penetration Issues Round Table Proceedings: September 2001
Due to the unfortunate incidents of September 11, 2001, the EPRI Electric GSE Market Penetration Issues Round Table Meeting scheduled to be held in Washington, D.C. was canceled. However, these meetings are vital to bring together the players in the electric ground support equipment industry that identify and address key issues surrounding the deployment of electric GSE. These meeting proceedings are the presentations that were to be used by the speakers of this meeting.
Aging Management Guidelines for Commercial Nuclear Power Plants -- Electrical and Mechanical Penetrations
As part of the application process for license renewal, nuclear utilities must perform an evaluation to confirm that they have appropriately considered aging effects on plant components within the scope of the License Renewal Rule. This report provides guidelines for managing relevant degradation mechanisms applicable to electrical and mechanical penetrations in nuclear power plants. Use of these guidelines will provide utilities with a basis for verifying that effective methods for managing age-related ...
Simulation of high speed impact, penetration and fragmentation problems on locally refined Cartesian grids
Techniques are presented to solve problems involving high speed material interactions that can lead to large deformations followed by fragmentation. To simulate such problems in an Eulerian framework on a fixed Cartesian mesh, interfaces (free surfaces ... Keywords: Cartesian grid methods, Elasto-plastic solids, Eulerian, Fragmentation, Ghost fluid method (GFM), High velocity impact, Level set methods, Penetration, Sharp interface methods, Shock interface interactions, Void collapse
S. Sambasivan; A. Kapahi; H. S. Udaykumar
Impact of High-Penetration PV on Distribution System Performance: Example Cases and Analysis Approach
High penetration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation in the electric grid is beginning to challenge distribution planners and engineers. This technical update discusses the factors that can have a significant impact on a distribution feeder's response to PV generation. The report considers both the circuit and the photovoltaic generation characteristics. The circuit types and characteristics span the expected range of power delivery and control elements. Photovoltaic characteristics include syste...
Experiments in Support of Pressure Enhanced Penetration with Shaped Charge Perforators
Computational analysis demonstrated that the penetration of a shaped charge could be substantially enhanced by imploding the liner in a high pressure light gas atmosphere. The gas pressure helps confine the jet on the axis of penetration in the latter stages of formation. A light gas, such as helium or hydrogen, is required in order to keep the gas density low enough so as not to inhibit liner collapse. These results have now been confirmed by experiment. Identical 5-foot long guns, each containing 37 perforators at a shot density of 12 SPF, were inserted in two API Section 1 concrete targets, poured on the same day and cured for the same period. One of the guns was fired with interior ambient (0.1 MPa) air pressure and the other with helium at 13.8 MPa (2,000 psia). The average penetration from the 37 perforations with the helium system increased 40.3% over that obtained with the conventional system.
Glenn, L.A.; Chase, J.B.; Barker, J.; Leidel, D.J.
Potential for containment leak paths through electrical penetration assemblies under severe accident conditions. [PWR; BWR
The leakage behavior of containments beyond design conditions and knowledge of failure modes is required for evaluation of mitigation strategies for severe accidents, risk studies, emergency preparedness planning, and siting. These studies are directed towards assessing the risk and consequences of severe accidents. An accident sequence analysis conducted on a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), Mark I (MK I), indicated very high temperatures in the dry-well region, which is the location of the majority of electrical penetration assemblies. Because of the high temperatures, it was postulated in the ORNL study that the sealants would fail and all the electrical penetration assemblies would leak before structural failure would occur. Since other containments had similar electrical penetration assemblies, it was concluded that all containments would experience the same type of failure. The results of this study, however, show that this conclusion does not hold for PWRs because in the worst accident sequence, the long time containment gases stabilize to 350/sup 0/F. BWRs, on the other hand, do experience high dry-well temperatures and have a higher potential for leakage.
Sebrell, W.
Model of penetration of coal boilers and cogeneration in the paper industry
A model has been developed to forecast the penetration of coal boilers and cogeneration of electricity in the paper industry. Given the demand for energy services (process steam and electricity) by the paper industry, the Penetration Model forecasts the demand for purchased fuel and electricity. The model splits the demand for energy service between energy carriers (coal, fuel oil/natural gas, bark, and spent liquor) on the basis of the installed capacity of 16 types of boilers (combinations of four types of energy carriers and four types of throttle conditions). Investment in new boilers is allocated by an empirical distribution function among the 16 types of boilers on the basis of life cycle cost. In the short run (5 years), the Penetration Model has a small price response. The model has a large price response in the long run (30 years). For constant fuel prices, the model forecasts a 19-percent share for coal and a 65-percent share for residual oil in the year 2000. If the real price of oil and gas doubles by the year 2000, the model forecasts a 68-percent share for coal and a 26-percent share for residual oil.
Reister, D.B.
Building Technologies Office: News
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Technologies Office: About on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: About on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: About on Delicious Rank Building Technologies...
NREL: Geothermal Technologies - Projects
and Technology Technology Transfer Technology Deployment Energy Systems Integration Geothermal Technologies Search More Search Options Site Map Printable Version Projects The NREL...
NREL: Geothermal Technologies - Capabilities
and Technology Technology Transfer Technology Deployment Energy Systems Integration Geothermal Technologies Search More Search Options Site Map Printable Version Capabilities The...
NREL: Geothermal Technologies - News
and Technology Technology Transfer Technology Deployment Energy Systems Integration Geothermal Technologies Search More Search Options Site Map Printable Version Geothermal News...
DOE/Fossil Energy`s drilling, completion, and stimulation RD&D: A technologies/products overview
An overview of natural gas drilling, completion, and stimulation RD&D sponsored by the US Department of Energy is reported in this paper. Development of high rate-of-penetration drilling systems and underbalanced drilling technologies are detailed among other RD&D activities. The overview serves as a technology transfer medium and is intended to accelerate the deployment of the products and technologies described.
Duda, J.R.; Yost, A.B. II
Dust-penetrated arm classes: insights from rising and falling rotation curves
Propulsion Labo- ratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
Seigar, M S; Block, D L; Puerari, I; Chorney, N E; James, P A
Energy Efficiency & Renewable and Energy - Commercialization Energy Efficiency & Renewable and Energy - Commercialization Deployment SBIR/STTR - Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer USEFUL LINKS Contract Opportunities: FBO.gov FedConnect.net Grant Opportunities DOE Organization Chart Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM) Federal Laboratory Consortium (FLC) Feedback Contact us about Tech Transfer: firstname.lastname@example.com Mary McManmon, 202-586-3509 link to Adobe PDF Reader link to Adobe Flash player Licensing Guide and Sample License The Technology Transfer Working Group (TTWG), made up of representatives from each DOE Laboratory and Facility, recently created a Licensing Guide and Sample License [762-KB PDF]. The Guide will serve to provide a general understanding of typical contract terms and provisions to help reduce both
ME 379M Energy, Technology, and Policy ABET EC2000 syllabus
ME 379M Energy, Technology, and Policy Page 1 ABET EC2000 syllabus ME 379M Energy, Technology, and Policy Spring 2010 Required or Elective: Elective 2008-2010 Catalog Data: Topics vary: Energy, Technology an overview of energy technologies, fuels, environmental impacts and public policies. Topics
Ben-Yakar, Adela
PNNL: Available Technologies - Browse Technologies by Portfolio
Search PNNL. PNNL Home; About; Research; Publications; Jobs; News; Contacts; Browse Technologies by Portfolio. Select a technology portfolio to view ...
Idaho National Laboratory - Technology Transfer - Technologies ...
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Fossil Energy; Information Technology; Manufacturing ; Materials; National Security; Non-Nuclear ...
Geothermal Technologies Office: Geothermal Electricity Technology...
and Renewable Energy EERE Home | Programs & Offices | Consumer Information Geothermal Technologies Office Search Search Help Geothermal Technologies Office HOME ABOUT...
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NETL: Technology Transfer - Available Technologies for Partnership
Technology Transfer Available Technologies for Partnership Software and Modeling. Month Posted. Partnership Opportunity. Patent Information. 12/2011: ...
Manufacturing technology
The specific goals of the Manufacturing Technology thrust area are to develop an understanding of fundamental fabrication processes, to construct general purpose process models that will have wide applicability, to document our findings and models in journals, to transfer technology to LLNL programs, industry, and colleagues, and to develop continuing relationships with industrial and academic communities to advance our collective understanding of fabrication processes. Advances in four projects are described here, namely Design of a Precision Saw for Manufacturing, Deposition of Boron Nitride Films via PVD, Manufacturing and Coating by Kinetic Energy Metallization, and Magnet Design and Application.
The Effective Number of Spatial Degrees of Freedom of a Time-Varying Field
The authors systematically investigate two easily computed measures of the effective number of spatial degrees of freedom (ESDOF), or number of independently varying spatial patterns, of a time-varying field of data. The first measure is based on ...
Christopher S. Bretherton; Martin Widmann; Valentin P. Dymnikov; John M. Wallace; Ileana Blad�
Visualization and exploration of time-varying medical image data sets
In this work, we propose and compare several methods for the visualization and exploration of time-varying volumetric medical images based on the temporal characteristics of the data. The principle idea is to consider a time-varying data set as a 3D ... Keywords: medical imaging, multi-dimensional scaling, time-varying data, transfer function, volume rendering
Zhe Fang; Torsten M�ller; Ghassan Hamarneh; Anna Celler
Analysis of Acoustic Signatures from Moving Vehicles UsingTime-Varying Autoregressive Models
Time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) modeling approach for the analysis of acoustic signatures from moving vehicles is presented in this paper. Acoustic signatures from moving vehicles are nonstationary, and features extracted under the stationary ... Keywords: acoustic, classification, time-varying autoregressive model, time-varying, vehicle identification
Kie B. Eom
Truncated predictor feedback for linear systems with long time-varying input delays
In this paper we study the problem of stabilizing a linear system with a single long time-varying delay in the input. Under the assumption that the open-loop system is stabilizable and not exponentially unstable, a finite dimensional static time-varying ... Keywords: Actuator saturation, Energy constraints, Semi-global stabilization, Stabilization, Time-varying delay, Truncated predictor feedback
Bin Zhou; Zongli Lin; Guang-Ren Duan
Technologies Applications
evaporation systems n Potential mining applications (produced water) nIndustry applications for which silicaLicensable Technologies Applications: n Cooling tower systems n Water treatment systems n Water needed n Decreases the amount of makeup water and subsequent discharged water (blowdown) n Enables
Manufacturing technologies
The Manufacturing Technologies Center is an integral part of Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram engineering and science laboratory, operated for the Department of Energy (DOE) with major facilities at Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Livermore, California. Our Center is at the core of Sandia`s Advanced Manufacturing effort which spans the entire product realization process.
Healthy technology
One of the biggest struggles user experience teams face is breaking through traditional notions of product strategy, planning and development to bring actionable awareness to the bigger picture around delivering full experiences that people really care ... Keywords: design management, design process, ethnography, experience, healthy technology, industry, lifecycle, metaphor, platform, reliability, research, security, strategy, sustainability
Ashwini Asokan; Michael .J. Payne
K. Porter. The cost of transmission for wind energy in theDA forecast error cost per unit of wind energy are somewhatcosts actually slightly decrease with increasing penetration per unit of wind energy.
Vacuum Technology
The environmental condition called vacuum is created any time the pressure of a gas is reduced compared to atmospheric pressure. On earth we typically create a vacuum by connecting a pump capable of moving gas to a relatively leak free vessel. Through operation of the gas pump the number of gas molecules per unit volume is decreased within the vessel. As soon as one creates a vacuum natural forces (in this case entropy) work to restore equilibrium pressure; the practical effect of this is that gas molecules attempt to enter the evacuated space by any means possible. It is useful to think of vacuum in terms of a gas at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. In even the best vacuum vessels ever created there are approximately 3,500,000 molecules of gas per cubic meter of volume remaining inside the vessel. The lowest pressure environment known is in interstellar space where there are approximately four molecules of gas per cubic meter. Researchers are currently developing vacuum technology components (pumps, gauges, valves, etc.) using micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Miniature vacuum components and systems will open the possibility for significant savings in energy cost and will open the doors to advances in electronics, manufacturing and semiconductor fabrication. In conclusion, an understanding of the basic principles of vacuum technology as presented in this summary is essential for the successful execution of all projects that involve vacuum technology. Using the principles described above, a practitioner of vacuum technology can design a vacuum system that will achieve the project requirements.
Biltoft, P J
Benchmarking Utility Best Business Practices and Processes for Managing High Penetration PV: Case Studies and Lessons Learned
Distributed photovoltaic (PV) power systems are deploying into electric system distribution at increasing rates. The resulting rise in penetration of variable PV generation is, in turn, posing escalating utility grid management challenges, some more pronounced than others in specific pockets of the United States. Grid hosting studies and modeling efforts have helped to build foundational knowledge about the impacts of high penetration PV (HPPV). But, to date, there has been a relative dearth of ...
Materials Reliability Program: Qualification Protocol for Pressurized Water Reactor Upper Head Penetration Ultrasonic Examinations-- -2010 Update (MRP-234)
The Materials Reliability Program (MRP) has directed the Inspection Issues Task Group (ITG) to establish a qualification program for the examination of pressurized water reactor (PWR) reactor pressure vessel upper head penetrations. This new qualification program is being implemented to provide the utilities with a consistent and reliable examination approach for the upper head penetrations. The program will provide assurance that flaws of similar size and location will be detected reliably throughout th...
Materials Reliability Program: Qualification Protocol for Pressurized Water Reactor Upper Head Penetration Ultrasonic Examinations - - 2012 Update (MRP-311, Revision 1)
The Materials Reliability Program (MRP) has directed the Inspection Technical Advisory Committee to establish a qualification program for the examination of pressurized water reactor (PWR) reactor pressure vessel upper head (RPVUH) penetrations. This qualification program is being implemented to provide the utilities with a consistent and reliable examination approach for upper head penetrations. The program will provide assurance that flaws of similar size and location will be detected reliably ...
Materials Reliability Program: Qualification Protocol for Pressurized Water Reactor Upper Head Penetration Ultrasonic Examinations 2 011 Update (MRP-311)
The Materials Reliability Program (MRP) has directed the Inspection Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) to establish a qualification program for the examination of pressurized water reactor (PWR) reactor pressure vessel upper head penetrations (RPVUHs). This new qualification program was implemented to provide the utilities with a consistent and reliable examination approach for upper head penetrations. The program will provide assurance that flaws of similar size and location will be detected reliably th...
Pervasive Information Technology Homepage
Pervasive Information Technology. Pervasive information technology is the trend towards increasingly ubiquitous connected ...
Research and development needs for desiccant cooling technology 1992--1997
This report is a supplement to Desiccant Cooling: State-of-the-Art Assessment (NREL/TP-254-4147, DE93000013). In this supplement document we have described a detailed program assuming sufficient funding to implement the R D activities needed. Desiccant dehumidification is a mature technology for industrial applications, and in recent years the technology has been used for air conditioning a number of institutional and commercial buildings. Our proposal is based on argumentative discussions at various national meetings with leaders of the technology. The goal is the penetration of the broad air conditioning market. This work is funded by the Buildings technology Office of the US Department of Energy.
Pesaran, A.A.
Status and Challenges in Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies for Stationary Applications
There are a number of EES technologies that exist and are potential candidates for the stationary applications. Among the most promising ones are batteries that store electrical energy via electrochemical conversion and release it according to demands. But all the exiting battery technologies are facing challenges in cost and performance for the particular applications. To advance the technology and accelerate market penetration requires substantial progress in advanced materials and chemistries, along with design and engineering. Given this is a relative new field to the materials community, this issue JOM includes a topic on the stationary electrical energy storage, with focus on the needs, requirements and status and challenges in technologies.
Yang, Zhenguo
Clean Ferrous Casting Technology Research. Annual report, September 29, 1993--September 28, 1994
This annual report covers work performed in the first year of research on Clean Ferrous Casting Technology Research. During this year the causes of penetration of cast iron in sand molds were defined and a program which predicts the occurrence of penetration was written and verified in commercial foundries. Calculations were made to size a reaction chamber to remove inclusions from liquid steel using electromagnetic force and the chamber was built. Finally, significant progress was made in establishing pouring practices which avoid re-oxidation of steel during pouring application of revised pouring practices have led to reduced inclusion levels in commercially poured steel castings.
Stefanescu, D.M.; Lane, A.M.; Giese, S.R.; Pattabhi, R.; El-Kaddah, N.H.; Griffin, J.; Bates, C.E.; Piwonka, T.S.
In-situ monitoring of combustion phenomena is a critical need for optimal operation and control of advanced gas turbine combustion systems. The concept described in this paper is based on naturally occurring flame ionization processes that accompany the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Previous work has shown that flame ionization techniques may be applied to detect flashback, lean blowout, and some aspects of thermo-acoustic combustion instabilities. Previous work has focused on application of DC electric fields. By application of time-varying electric fields, significant improvements to sensor capabilities have been observed. These data have been collected in a lean premixed combustion test rig operating at 0.51-0.76 MPa (5-7.5 atm) with air preheated to 588 K (600�F). Five percent of the total fuel flow is injected through the centerbody tip as a diffusion pilot. The fuel composition is varied independently by blending approximately 5% (volume) propane with the pipeline natural gas. The reference velocity through the premixing annulus is kept constant for all conditions at a nominal value of 70 m/s. The fuel-air equivalence ratio is varied independently from 0.46 � 0.58. Relative to the DC field version, the time-varying combustion control and diagnostic sensor (TV-CCADS) shows a significant improvement in the correlation between the measured flame ionization current and local fuel-air equivalence ratio. In testing with different fuel compositions, the triangle wave data show the most distinct change in flame ionization current in response to an increase in propane content. Continued development of this sensor technology will improve the capability to control advanced gas turbine combustion systems, and help address issues associated with variations in fuel supplies.
D. L. Straub; B. T. Chorpening; E. D. Huckaby; J. D. Thornton; W. L. Fincham
The Role of Emerging Technologies in Improving Energy Efficiency:Examples from the Food Processing Industry
For over 25 years, the U.S. DOE's Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) has championed the application of emerging technologies in industrial plants and monitored these technologies impacts on industrial energy consumption. The cumulative energy savings of more than 160 completed and tracked projects is estimated at approximately 3.99 quadrillion Btu (quad), representing a production cost savings of $20.4 billion. Properly documenting the impacts of such technologies is essential for assessing their effectiveness and for delivering insights about the optimal direction of future technology research. This paper analyzes the impacts that several emerging technologies have had in the food processing industry. The analysis documents energy savings, carbon emissions reductions and production improvements and assesses the market penetration and sector-wide savings potential. Case study data is presented demonstrating the successful implementation of these technologies. The paper's conclusion discusses the effects of these technologies and offers some projections of sector-wide impacts.
Lung, Robert Bruce; Masanet, Eric; McKane, Aimee
A collapse surface for a perforated plate with an equilateral triangular array of penetrations
This paper describes the development of incipient yield and subsequent collapse surfaces for a plate containing a large number of small circular penetrations arranged in an equilateral triangular array. The collapse surface developed here is appropriate for formulating a generic elastic-plastic flow theory for perforated materials. A unit cell is defined to characterize the mechanical response of an equilateral triangular array of penetrations. An elastic-perfectly plastic [EPP] finite element analysis [FEA] computer program is used to calculate the EPP response of the unit cell. A sufficient number of load cases are solved to define the complete incipient yield and collapse surfaces for the unit cell. A fourth order yield function is defined by squaring the Von Mises quadratic yield function and retaining only those terms that are required for the symmetry dictated by the triangular array. Curve fitting is used to determine the coefficients of the fourth order function to match the incipient yield and collapse data calculated for the unit cell by FEA. The incipient yield function in the plane of the plate incorporating the penetration pattern is shown to be almost rhomboidal in shape while the collapse curve is more elliptical. The fourth order yield function which passes through the incipient yield data possess regions where the surface is concave--a concern when developing a plasticity theory based on the function. Fitting the coefficients of the fourth order function to the collapse data results in a curve which is shown to be always convex thus having all positive outward normal vectors which is a required property for the development of plasticity flow theories.
Gordon, J.L.; Jones, D.P.; Hutula, D.N.; Banas, D.
Thickness effects on the plastic collapse of perforated plates with triangular penetration patterns
This paper investigates the effects of plate thickness on the accuracy of limit load solutions obtained using an elastic-perfectly plastic [EPP] equivalent solid [EQS] procedure for flat perforated plates with a triangular array of penetrations. The EQS approach for limit loads is based on an EQS collapse surface that is valid for generalized plane strain. This assumption is applicable for very thick plates but is known to be less reasonable for very thin plates where plane stress may be a better assumption. The limits of applicability of the generalized plane strain assumption are investigated by obtaining limit load solutions for perforated plates of various thicknesses that are subjected to in-plane and bending loads. Plastic limit load solutions obtained using three-dimensional EPP finite element analysis [FEA] of models which include each penetration explicitly are compared with solutions obtained using the EQS approximation. The penetration pattern chosen for this study has a ligament efficiency (ligament width-to-pitch ratio, h/P) of 0.32. For plates thicker than the pitch, the limit load calculated using the EQS method for both in-plane and bending loads is shown to be very accurate (within 4%) of the limit load calculated for the explicit model. On the other hand, for thin plates (t/P< 2), the EQS limit load is 5% greater than the explicit limit load for bending and 8% greater than the explicit limit load for in-plane loads. For thinner plates, the collapse surface is tied to the local geometry deformation and, hence, an equivalent solid plate representation of plastic collapse is a function of deformation mode and thickness.
Gordon, J.L.; Jones, D.P.; Holliday, J.E.
Environmental acceptability of high-performance alternatives for depleted uranium penetrators
The Army`s environmental strategy for investigating material substitution and management is to measure system environmental gains/losses in all phases of the material management life cycle from cradle to grave. This study is the first in a series of new investigations, applying material life cycle concepts, to evaluate whether there are environmental benefits from increasing the use of tungsten as an alternative to depleted uranium (DU) in Kinetic Energy Penetrators (KEPs). Current military armor penetrators use DU and tungsten as base materials. Although DU alloys have provided the highest performance of any high-density alloy deployed against enemy heavy armor, its low-level radioactivity poses a number of environmental risks. These risks include exposures to the military and civilian population from inhalation, ingestion, and injection of particles. Depleted uranium is well known to be chemically toxic (kidney toxicity), and workplace exposure levels are based on its renal toxicity. Waste materials containing DU fragments are classified as low-level radioactive waste and are regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. These characteristics of DU do not preclude its use in KEPs. However, long-term management challenges associated with KEP deployment and improved public perceptions about environmental risks from military activities might be well served by a serious effort to identify, develop, and substitute alternative materials that meet performance objectives and involve fewer environmental risks. Tungsten, a leading candidate base material for KEPS, is potentially such a material because it is not radioactive. Tungsten is less well studied, however, with respect to health impacts and other environmental risks. The present study is designed to contribute to the understanding of the environmental behavior of tungsten by synthesizing available information that is relevant to its potential use as a penetrator.
Kerley, C.R.; Easterly, C.E.; Eckerman, K.F. [and others] [and others
Design and Performance of Solar Decathlon 2011 High-Penetration Microgrid: Preprint
The U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon challenges collegiate teams to design, build, and operate solar-powered houses that are cost-effective, energy-efficient, and attractive. The Solar Decathlon 2011 was held in Washington, D.C., from September 23 to October 2, 2011 . A high-penetration microgrid was designed, installed, and operated for the Solar Decathlon 2011 to grid-connect 19 highly energy-efficient, solar-powered competition houses to a single utility connection point. The capacity penetration of this microgrid (defined as maximum PV generation divided by maximum system load over a two-week period) was 74% based on 1-minute averaged data. Temporary, ground-laid conductors and electrical distribution equipment were installed to grid-connect the Solar Decathlon village, which included the houses as well as other electrical loads used by the event organizers. While 16 of the houses were connected to the 60 Hz microgrid, three houses from Belgium, China, and New Zealand were supplied with 50 Hz power. The design of the microgrid, including the connection of the houses powered by 50 Hz and a standby diesel generator, is discussed in this paper. In addition to the utility-supplied net energy meters at each house, a microgrid monitoring system was installed to measure and record energy consumption and PV energy production at 1-second intervals at each house. Bidirectional electronic voltage regulators were installed for groups of competition houses, which held the service voltage at each house to acceptable levels. The design and successful performance of this high-penetration microgrid is presented from the house, microgrid operator, and utility perspectives.
Stafford, B.; Coddington, M.; Butt, R.; Solomon, S.; Wiegand, G.; Wagner, C.; Gonzalez, B.
404-NOV. 1, 2000 404-NOV. 1, 2000 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER COMMERCIALIZATION ACT OF 2000 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 04:52 Nov 16, 2000 Jkt 089139 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6579 Sfmt 6579 E:\PUBLAW\PUBL404.106 APPS27 PsN: PUBL404 114 STAT. 1742 PUBLIC LAW 106-404-NOV. 1, 2000 Public Law 106-404 106th Congress An Act To improve the ability of Federal agencies to license federally owned inventions. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ''Technology Transfer Commer- cialization Act of 2000''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds that- (1) the importance of linking our unparalleled network of over 700 Federal laboratories and our Nation's universities with United States industry continues to hold great promise
Biomass Technologies
There are many types of biomass�organic matter such as plants, residue from agriculture and forestry, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes�that can now be used to produce fuels, chemicals, and power. Wood has been used to provide heat for thousands of years. This flexibility has resulted in increased use of biomass technologies. According to the Energy Information Administration, 53% of all renewable energy consumed in the United States was biomass-based in 2007.
This bulletin depicts current research on manufacturing technology at Sandia laboratories. An automated, adaptive process removes grit overspray from jet engine turbine blades. Advanced electronic ceramics are chemically prepared from solution for use in high- voltage varistors. Selective laser sintering automates wax casting pattern fabrication. Numerical modeling improves performance of photoresist stripper (simulation on Cray supercomputer reveals path to uniform plasma). And mathematical models help make dream of low- cost ceramic composites come true.
Leonard, J.A.; Floyd, H.L.; Goetsch, B.; Doran, L. [eds.
Sub-Hourly Impacts of High Solar Penetrations in the Western United States: Preprint
This paper presents results of analysis on the sub-hourly impacts of high solar penetrations from the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2. Extreme event analysis showed that most large ramps were due to sunrise and sunset events, which have a significant predictability component. Variability in general was much higher in the high-solar versus high-wind scenario. Reserve methodologies that had already been developed for wind were therefore modified to take into account the predictability component of solar variability.
Lew, D.; Brinkman, G.; Ibanez, E.; Hummon, M.; Hodge, B. M.; Heaney, M.; King, J.
Direct Current Fast Charger System Characterization: Standards, Penetration Potential, Testing, and Performance Evaluation
The importance of direct current (dc) fast charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is expected to grow in the near future. This report presents a brief overview of the various standards and protocols in use and in development along with a market assessment of various dc fast chargers and compatible vehicles planned. Modeling and analysis were performed to evaluate the penetration of dc fast chargers based on vehicle driving patterns, region, and charger power. A 200-V, three-phase fast charger was i...
This study examines the effective moisture penetration depth (EMPD) model, and its suitability for building simulations. The EMPD model is a compromise between the simple, inaccurate effective capacitance approach and the complex, yet accurate, finite-difference approach. Two formulations of the EMPD model were examined, including the model used in the EnergyPlus building simulation software. An error in the EMPD model we uncovered was fixed with the release of EnergyPlus version 7.2, and the EMPD model in earlier versions of EnergyPlus should not be used.
Woods, J.; Winkler, J.; Christensen, D.
Technology disrupted
Three years ago, the author presented a report on power generation technologies which in summary said 'no technology available today has the potential of becoming transformational or disruptive in the next five to ten years'. In 2006 the company completed another strategic view research report covering the electric power, oil, gas and unconventional energy industries and manufacturing industry. This article summarises the strategic view findings and then revisits some of the scenarios presented in 2003. The cost per megawatt-hour of the alternatives is given for plants ordered in 2005 and then in 2025. The issue of greenhouse gas regulation is dealt with through carbon sequestration and carbon allowances or an equivalent carbon tax. Results reveal substantial variability through nuclear power, hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass remain competitive through every scenario. Greenhouse gas scenario analysis shows coal still be viable, albeit less competitive against nuclear and renewable technologies. A carbon tax or allowance at $24 per metric ton has the same effect on IGCC cost as a sequestration mandate. However, the latter would hurt gas plants much more than a tax or allowance. Sequestering CO{sub 2} from a gas plant is almost as costly per megawatt-hour as for coal. 5 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.
Papatheodorou, Y. [CH2M Hill (United States)
This report originated in the authors � participation in a multi-country study of national innovation systems and their impact on new technology development, sponsored by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Our task was to look at the U.S. national innovation system�s impact on the commercial development of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells for residential power applications. Early drivers of PEM fuel cell innovation were the aerospace and defense programs, in particular the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which used fuel cells on its spacecraft. In the early 1990s, deregulation hit the electric utility industry, which made utilities and entrepreneurs see the potential in generating electricity from distributed power. Throughout the 1990s, the Department of Energy funded a significant portion of civilian fuel cell research, while the Department of Defense and NASA funded more esoteric military and space applications. In 1998, the Department of Commerce�s Advanced Technology Program (ATP) awarded the first of 25 fuel cell projects, as prospects for adoption and commercialization of fuel cell technologies improved.
John M. Nail; Gary Anderson; Gerald Ceasar; Christopher J. Hansen; John M. Nail; Gerald Ceasar; Christopher J. Hansen; Carlos M. Gutierrez; Hratch G. Samerjian; Acting Director; Marc G. Stanley; Director Abstract
Modeling the Benefits of Storage Technologies to Wind Power
Rapid expansion of wind power in the electricity sector is raising questions about how wind resource variability might affect the capacity value of wind farms at high levels of penetration. Electricity storage, with the capability to shift wind energy from periods of low demand to peak times and to smooth fluctuations in output, may have a role in bolstering the value of wind power at levels of penetration envisioned by a new Department of Energy report ('20% Wind by 2030, Increasing Wind Energy's Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply'). This paper quantifies the value storage can add to wind. The analysis was done employing the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model, formerly known as the Wind Deployment System (WinDS) model. ReEDS was used to estimate the cost and development path associated with 20% penetration of wind in the report. ReEDS differs from the WinDS model primarily in that the model has been modified to include the capability to build and use three storage technologies: pumped-hydroelectric storage (PHS), compressed-air energy storage (CAES), and batteries. To assess the value of these storage technologies, two pairs of scenarios were run: business-as-usual, with and without storage; 20% wind energy by 2030, with and without storage. This paper presents the results from those model runs.
Sullivan, P.; Short, W.; Blair, N.
Fuel comsumption of heavy-duty trucks : potential effect of future technologies for improving energy efficiency and emission.
The results of an analysis of heavy-duty truck (Classes 2b through 8) technologies conducted to support the Energy Information Administration's long-term projections for energy use are summarized. Several technology options that have the potential to improve the fuel economy and emissions characteristics of heavy-duty trucks are included in the analysis. The technologies are grouped as those that enhance fuel economy and those that improve emissions. Each technology's potential impact on the fuel economy of heavy-duty trucks is estimated. A rough cost projection is also presented. The extent of technology penetration is estimated on the basis of truck data analyses and technical judgment.
Saricks, C. L.; Vyas, A. D.; Stodolsky, F.; Maples, J. D.; Energy Systems; USDOE
Building Technologies Office: About Emerging Technologies
Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies The Emerging Technologies team funds the research and development of cost-effective, energy-efficient building technologies within five years of commercialization. Learn more about the: Key Technologies Benefits Results Key Technologies Specific technologies pursued within the Emerging Technologies team include: Lighting: advanced solid-state lighting systems, including core technology research and development, manufacturing R&D, and market development Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC): heat pumps, heat exchangers, and working fluids Building Envelope: highly insulating and dynamic windows, cool roofs, building thermal insulation, façades, daylighting, and fenestration Water Heating: heat pump water heaters and solar water heaters
NREL: Energy Analysis - Technology and Program Market Data
Technology and Program Market Data Technology and Program Market Data This Web page provides market data for renewable energy technologies and programs. The data, presented in individual reports for each area, include data regarding market penetration; industry trends; cost, price, and performance trends; and policy and market drivers. Most of the reports include an outlook for the future. NREL led an effort that was initiated by the Strategic Planning and Analysis group of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) to produce these reports for each of the energy areas managed by EERE. The last report was published in June 2011. Biomass/Ethanol Current State of the U.S. Ethanol Industry 2007 Year in Review: U.S. Ethanol Industry, the Next Inflection Point Building Technologies
Factors relevant to utility integration of intermittent renewable technologies
This study assesses factors that utilities must address when they integrate intermittent renewable technologies into their power-supply systems; it also reviews the literature in this area and has a bibliography containing more than 350 listings. Three topics are covered: (1) interface (hardware and design-related interconnection), (2) operability/stability, and (3) planning. This study finds that several commonly held perceptions regarding integration of intermittent renewable energy technologies are not valid. Among findings of the study are the following: (1) hardware and system design advances have eliminated most concerns about interface; (2) cost penalties have not occurred at low to moderate penetration levels (and high levels are feasible); and (3) intermittent renewable energy technologies can have capacity values. Obstacles still interfering with intermittent renewable technologies are also identified.
Wan, Yih-huei; Parsons, B.K.
Meso-Machining Meso-Machining PDF format (182 kb) Sandia's Micro-Electro Discharge Machine (Micro-EDM) (above). On the upper right inset is the Micro-EDM electode in copper that was made with the LIGA (electroforming) process. On the lower right inset is a screen fabricated into .006 inch kovar sheet using the Micro-EDM electrode. The walls of the screen are .002 inch wide by .006 inch deep. Meso-machining technologies being developed at Sandia National Laboratories will help manufacturers improve a variety of production processes, tools, and components. Meso-machining will benefit the aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and defense industries by creating feature sizes from the 1 to 50 micron range. Sandia's Manufacturing Science and Technology Center is developing the
LTCC multi-chip module LTCC multi-chip module A high density LTCC multi-chip module Electronic Packaging PDF format (150 kb) The Electronic Packaging technologies in the Thin Film, Vacuum, & Packaging Department are a resource for all aspects of microelectronic packaging. From design and layout to fabrication of prototype samples, the staff offers partners the opportunity for concurrent engineering and development of a variety of electronic packaging concepts. This includes assistance in selecting the most appropriate technology for manufacturing, analysis of performance characteristics and development of new and unique processes. Capabilities: Network Fabrication Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) Thick Film Thin Film Packaging and Assembly Chip Level Packaging MEMs Packaging
In-flight radiographic study of two nonaxisymmetric, explosively formed penetrators
We present in-flight radiographic images of two explosively formed penetrators (EFPs) of tantalum. The data were obtained with Ecto, a flash x-ray source that delivers a single, 50-ns pulse of radiation with an effective mean energy of 1.4)pulse))minus) 0.1 MeV. The enrgy and flux of the beam are sufficient to penetrate the EFPs and reveal their internal structure. The subjects of this study are two warheads of an identical nonaxisymmetric design. One warhead was fired in each of two separate experiments. The warheads were oriented perpendicular to one another to provide separate orthogonal views of their EFPs. The radiographs were then digitized and subjected to several numerical analyses, which include estimates of the masses of the EFPs, their center-of-mass coordinates, and plots of the attenuation lengths (or material thicknesses) at various positions. Optical photographs were also taken of the front and profile of one EFP. The optical data aid in interpretating the radioagraphy by allowing identification of the visible external features. 3 refs., 16 figs.
Schwalbe, L.A.; Mueller, K.H. Jr.; Christian, J.M.; DiBona, P.J.
Proceedings of the IAEA specialists` meeting on cracking in LWR RPV head penetrations
This report contains 17 papers that were presented in four sessions at the IAEA Specialists` meeting on Cracking in LWR RPV Head Penetrations held at ASTM Headquarters in Philadelphia on May 2-3, 1995. The papers are compiled here in the order that presentations were made in the sessions, and they relate to operational observations, inspection techniques, analytical modeling, and regulatory control. The goal of the meeting was to allow international experts to review experience in the field of ensuring adequate performance of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) heads and penetrations. The emphasis was to allow a better understanding of RPV material behavior, to provide guidance supporting reliability and adequate performance, and to assist in defining directions for further investigations. The international nature of the meeting is illustrated by the fact that papers were presented by researchers from 10 countries. There were technical experts present form other countries who participated in discussions of the results presented. This present document incorporates the final version of the papers as received from the authors. The final chapter includes conclusions and recommendations. Individual papers have been cataloged separately.
Pugh, C.E.; Raney, S.J. [comps.] [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)] [comps.; Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
A Flaw Tolerance Approach to Address Reactor Vessel Head Penetration Cracking Issue
Nickel-based alloys and the associated welds are susceptible to Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking. In Pressurized Water Reactor nuclear power plants, the reactor vessel closure head upper penetration nozzles used for the Control Rod Drive Mechanisms and other instrumentation systems are made of such nickel-based alloys. Cracking and leakage have been observed in the upper head penetration nozzles in nuclear power plants worldwide. Such cracking and the resulting leakage is a degradation of the reactor vessel pressure boundary. Regulatory requirements have been issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission regarding periodic inspection of the susceptible areas to enable detection of indications and provide reasonable assurance of continued structural integrity for reactor vessel closure head. A flaw tolerance approach has been used in the disposition of detected indications to minimize outage delays, by performing up-front fracture mechanics evaluations for the common types of indications detected in the susceptible areas. Details of the flaw tolerance approach are presented in this paper. (authors)
Ng, C. K.; Jirawongkraisorn, S.; Swamy, S. [Westinghouse Electric Company, LLC, Nuclear Services Division, P. O. Box 158, Madison, PA 15663 (United States)
High-Penetration PV Deployment in the Arizona Public Service System, Phase 1 Update: Preprint
In an effort to better understand the impacts of high penetrations of photovoltaic generators on distribution systems, Arizona Public Service and its partners have begun work on a multi-year project to develop the tools and knowledge base needed to safely and reliably integrate high penetrations of utility- and residential-scale photovoltaics (PV). Building upon the APS Community Power Project -- Flagstaff Pilot, this project will analyze the impact of PV on a representative feeder in northeast Flagstaff. To quantify and catalog the effects of the estimated 1.3 MW of PV that will be installed on the feeder (both smaller units at homes as well as large, centrally located systems), high-speed weather and electrical data acquisition systems and digital 'smart' meters are being designed and installed to facilitate monitoring and to build and validate comprehensive, high-resolution models of the distribution system. These models will be used to analyze the impacts of the PV on distribution circuit protection systems (including anti-islanding), predict voltage regulation and phase balance issues, and develop volt/var control schemes. This paper continues from a paper presented at the 2011 IEEE PVSC conference that introduces the project and describes some of the preliminary consideration, as well as project plans and early results. This paper gives a status update of the project and presents selected results from Phase 2 of the project. It discusses baseline feeder modeling, load allocation, data acquisition, utility-scale PV integration, preliminary model validation, and plans for future phases.
Hambrick, J.; Narang, D.
Offshore Technology
This report, and the roadmapping exercise that produced it, is the result of a series of transparent workshops held across the nation. A wealth of information was produced to compliment internal sources like the Energy Information Administration. The active participation of the Department's stakeholders is greatly appreciated. Walter Rosenbusch, Director of the Minerals Management Service (MMS) deserves special recognition. His partnership, participation and input were instrumental to the success of this effort. I also would like to thank my friend Governor Mark White for his participation and support of this effort. In addition, I thank the following workshop chairs and moderators for their participation and contribution to the roadmapping efforts: Mary Jane Wilson, WZI, Inc.; Ron Oligney, Dr. Michael Economides, and Jim Longbottom, University of Houston; John Vasselli, Houston Advanced Research Center; and Art Schroeder, Energy Valley. This report, however, does not represent the end of such long-range planning by the Department, its national labs, and its stakeholders. Rather it is a roadmap for accelerating the journey into the ultradeepwater Western Gulf of Mexico. The development of new technologies and commercialization paths, discoveries by marine biologists, and the fluctuations of international markets will continue to be important influences. With that in mind, let the journey begin. Emil Pea Deputy Assistant Secretary for Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP FOR THE ULTRA-DEEPWATER GULF OF MEXICO U.S. Department of Energy Maximumhistm,183 oil product,0 ratd for Gulf of Mexico wells. Taller barsindicat higherproduct44 ratdu The dat show numerous deepwat, oil wells producedat significant2 higherrate tt ever seen in t, Gulf of ...
Roadmap For The; Deepwater Gulf; Of Mexico
FEMP/NTDP Technology Focus New Technology
FEMP/NTDP Technology Focus New Technology Demonstration Program Technology Focus FEMPFederal Energy their decision making process relative to energy management systems design, specification, procurement. Future topics will concentrate on more practical aspects including applications software, product
Testing technology
This bulletin from Sandia National Laboratories presents current research highlights in testing technology. Ion microscopy offers new nondestructive testing technique that detects high resolution invisible defects. An inexpensive thin-film gauge checks detonators on centrifuge. Laser trackers ride the range and track helicopters at low-level flights that could not be detected by radar. Radiation transport software predicts electron/photon effects via cascade simulation. Acoustic research in noise abatement will lead to quieter travelling for Bay Area Rapid Transport (BART) commuters.
2010 Wind Technologies Market Report
Analysis of 20% Wind Penetration. Prepared for Xcel Energy.Denver, Colorado: Xcel Energy. EnerNex Corp. 2007. Finalof Colorado. Prepared for Xcel Energy. Denver, Colorado:
Wiser, Ryan
2011 Wind Technologies Market Report
Bolinger, Mark
2009 Wind Technologies Market Report
System Operations Planning: Xcel Energy � North Case Study.of Colorado. Prepared for Xcel Energy. Denver, Colorado.Penetration. Prepared for Xcel Energy. Denver, Colorado:
and K. Porter. 2011. Wind Power and Electricity Markets.41 6. Wind Power Priceat Various Levels of Wind Power Capacity Penetration Wind
cq523_150.GIF (12759 bytes) cq523_150.GIF (12759 bytes) Study of inclusion effect on encapsulation stress Encapsulation Many of the components we work with are encapsulated in either highly filled epoxies or in foams of varying density. Encapsulation is performed for a variety of reasons, including high voltage standoff, shock and vibration isolation, stress relief, environmental isolation, etc. We not only perform encapsulation, but we conduct research into the component-encapsulation adhesive bond, fracture of the adhesive bond, the stress developed during cure, cure kinetics of the encapsulant material, and the effect of inclusions on the bulk stress field. We have worked to develop more environmentally friendly substitutes for the traditional epoxies and foams. We can help you choose an encapsulant material,
Building Technologies Office: Events
Office: Events on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Events on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Events on Delicious Rank Building Technologies...
Emerging Technologies Program
2013 Building Technologies Office Program Peer Review 2 | Building Technologies Office eere.energy.gov How ET Fits into BTO Research & Development * Develop technology roadmaps *...
Technology acceptance in organizations.
??New technology has changed how people do business. With rapid development of technology, it has been difficult for businesses and organizations to successfully implement technology� (more)
Stewart, Laurie
Hydrogen Technologies Group
The Hydrogen Technologies Group at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory advances the Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center's mission by researching a variety of hydrogen technologies.
Technology and the Box
its explorations of technology in partnership with radicalcrowd our daily life. �Technology,� like the term �box,� cancommon understanding of �technology� though, is not as a �
Maitland, Padma
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Environmental Flow-Through Reactor for the In Situ Assessment of Remediation Technologies in Vadose ...
Solar Energy Technologies Program Technology Overview
New fact sheets for the DOE Office of Power Technologies (OPT) that provide technology overviews, description of DOE programs, and market potential for each OPT program area.
NETL: Technology Transfer - History of Technology Transfer
History of Technology Transfer Technology transfer differs from providing services or products (e.g., acquisition) and financial assistance (e.g., ...
Technology Transfer: Success Stories: Licensed Technologies
Licensed Technologies Licensed Technologies Here are some of our licensees and the technologies they are commercializing; see our Start-Up Company page for more of our technology licenses. Company (Licensee) Technology Life Technologies Corp. Cell lines for breast cancer research Bristol Myers Squibb; Novartis; Plexxikon Inc.; Wyeth Research; GlaxoSmithKline; Johnson & Johnson; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Genzyme Software for automated macromolecular crystallography Shell International Exploration and Production; ConnocoPhillips Company; StatOil ASA; Schlumburger Technology Corportation; BHP Billiton Ltd.; Chevron Energy Technology Company; EniTecnologie S.p.A. Geo-Hydrophysical modeling software Microsoft Home Energy Saver software distribution Kalinex Colorimetric bioassay
The Distributional and Environmental Effects of Time-Varying Prices in Competitive Electricity Markets
Run E?ects of Real-Time Electricity Pricing,� CSEM WP-133 (Severin. �Time-Varying Retail Electricity Prices: Theoryand Practice,� Electricity Restructuring: Choices and
Holland, Stephen P.; MANSUR, ERIN T
Model-based estimation of time-varying parameters and state variables in aerobic bioprocesses
Keywords: adaptive observer, aerobic bioprocess, biomass concentration, biomass growth rate, model-based estimation, observer stability, oxygen comsumption, time-varying parameters, yield coefficient
V. Lubenova
Vehicle use varies across U.S. regions - Today in Energy - U.S ...
Greenhouse gas data, voluntary report- ing, electric power plant emissions. Highlights ... Reliance on vehicles can vary significantly across the United States.
Estimating market penetration of new district heating and cooling systems using a combination of economic cost and diffusion models
The economic-cost model and the diffusion model are among the many market-penetration forecasting approaches that are available. These approaches have been used separately in many applications. In this paper, the authors briefly review these two approaches and then describe a methodology for forecasting market penetration using both approaches sequentially. This methodology is illustrated with the example of market-penetration forecasting of new district heating and cooling (DHC) systems in the Argonne DHC Market Penetration Model, which was developed and used over the period 1979--1983. This paper discusses how this combination approach, which incorporates the strengths of the economic-cost and diffusion models, has been superior to any one approach for market forecasts of DHC systems. Also discussed are the required modifications for revising and updating the model in order to generate new market-penetration forecasts for DHC systems. These modifications are required as a result of changes in DHC engineering, economic, and market data from 1983 to 1990. 13 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Teotia, A.P.S.; Karvelas, D.E.
Thin Films Thin Films PDF format (189 kb) Multi Layer Thin Films Multi Layer Thin Films Planetary Sputtering SystemsPlanetary Sputtering Systems Planetary Sputtering Systems The Thin Film laboratory within Manufacturing Science & Technology provides a variety of vapor deposition processes and facilities for cooperative research and development. Available capabilities include electron beam evaporation, sputter deposition, reactive deposition processes, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and specialized techniques such as focused ion beam induced chemical vapor deposition. Equipment can be reconfigured for prototyping or it can be dedicated to long-term research, development and manufacturing. Most sputter and evaporative deposition systems are capable of depositing multiple materials.
Molding, Thermoforming & Compounding Molding, Thermoforming & Compounding PDF format (89 kb) The Manufacturing Science & Technology Center helps customers choose the best materials and techniques for their product by providing a variety of conformal coatings, thermoforming, and compounding materials using established or custom designed processes. The department provides consulting services for injection molding and rubber compounding projects. Capabilities: Thermoforming: Processing thermoplastics such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene polystyrene, and ABS; producing holding trays, protective caps, and custom covers Injection Molding Consultation: Designing your part to be injection molded, helping you choose the best material for your application, and supporting your interface with injection molding companies
Environmental Energy Technologies Division News
new three-year public-private research initiative, which new three-year public-private research initiative, which will target substantial reductions in the $100 billion spent annually in energy costs for commercial buildings, has been launched under the leadership of Environmental Energy Technologies Division scientists. More than $13 million in research funding has been pledged by the California Energy Com- mission (CEC), the DOE, private sector partners, and Pacific Gas & Electric. EETD has assembled a team of 14 public and private sector partners to carry out the varied tasks within the High-Per- formance Commercial Buildings Systems Program. The program will develop new information technologies to design, commission, and operate buildings, and integrated design techniques to generate substantial and sustained energy savings
Energy Saving Melting and Revert Reduction Technology (Energy SMARRT): Manufacturing Advanced Engineered Components Using Lost Foam Casting Technology
This project was a subtask of Energy Saving Melting and Revert Reduction Technology (�?¢�?�?�?�?Energy SMARRT�?¢�?�?�?) Program. Through this project, technologies, such as computer modeling, pattern quality control, casting quality control and marketing tools, were developed to advance the Lost Foam Casting process application and provide greater energy savings. These technologies have improved (1) production efficiency, (2) mechanical properties, and (3) marketability of lost foam castings. All three reduce energy consumption in the metals casting industry. This report summarizes the work done on all tasks in the period of January 1, 2004 through June 30, 2011. Current (2011) annual energy saving estimates based on commercial introduction in 2011 and a market penetration of 97% by 2020 is 5.02 trillion BTU�?¢�?�?�?�?s/year and 6.46 trillion BTU�?¢�?�?�?�?s/year with 100% market penetration by 2023. Along with these energy savings, reduction of scrap and improvement in casting yield will result in a reduction of the environmental emissions associated with the melting and pouring of the metal which will be saved as a result of this technology. The average annual estimate of CO2 reduction per year through 2020 is 0.03 Million Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent (MM TCE).
Harry Littleton; John Griffin
Technology Name
Development Development DE-EM0000598 D&D KM-IT For the deployment of Information Technology for D&D knowledge management Page 1 of 2 Florida International University Florida D&D Knowledge Management Information Tool Challenge Deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) work is a high priority across the DOE Complex. The D&D community associated with the various DOE sites has gained extensive knowledge and experience over the years. To prevent the D&D knowledge and expertise from being lost over time an approach is needed to capture and maintain this valuable information in a universally available and easily usable system. Technical Solution The D&D KM-IT serves as a centralized repository
From here to efficiency : time lags between the introduction of new technology and the achievement of fuel savings.
In this paper, the energy savings of new technology offering significant improvements in fuel efficiency are tracked for over 20 years as vehicles incorporating that technology enter the fleet and replace conventional light-duty vehicles. Two separate analyses are discussed: a life-cycle analysis of aluminum-intensive vehicles and a fuel-cycle analysis of the energy and greenhouse gas emissions of double vs. triple fuel-economy vehicles. In both efforts, market-penetration modeling is used to simulate the rate at which new technology enters the new fleet, and stock-adjustment modeling is used to capture the inertia in turnover of new and existing current-technology vehicles. Together, these two effects--slowed market penetration and delayed vehicle replacement--increase the time lag between market introduction and the achievement of substantial energy savings. In both cases, 15-20 years elapse, before savings approach these levels.
Mintz, M.; Vyas, A.; Wang, M.; Stodolsky, F.; Cuenca, R.; Gaines, L.
Magnesium Technology 2009
Feb 1, 2009 ... Print Book and CD-ROM: Magnesium Technology 2007. Hardcover book and CD set: Magnesium Technology 2008�...
Building Technologies Office: Contacts
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SRNL - Technology Transfer - Home
Technology Transfer. Research and Development Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC (SRNS) scientists and engineers develop technologies designed to improve ...
Engineering Science & Technology Division
Building Technologies Cooling, Heating and Power Technologies Electronics and Communications Industrial Energy Efficiency Robotics and Energetic Systems Sensors & Signal...
Technology Ventures Corporation
Ventures Corporation Technology Ventures Corporation (TVC) identifies technologies with commercial potential, coordinates the development of business and management capabilities,...
Magnesium Technology Symposium
Conference Tools for Materials Science & Technology 2013 ... Scope, The magnesium technology symposium will cover a broad spectrum of theoretical and�...
Materials Technology @ TMS
Mar 3, 2010 ... This program focuses on developing energy storage technologies to ... Ultimately , technologies developed through this program will be�...
Technology Commercialization and Partnerships |
Deployment of CCS Technologies across the Load Curve for a Competitive Electricity Market as a Function of CO2 Emissions Permit Prices
Consistent with other published studies, the modelling presented here reveals that baseload power plants are the first aspects of the electricity sector to decarbonize and are essentially decarbonized once CO2 permit prices exceed a certain threshold ($90/ton CO2 in this study). The decarbonization of baseload electricity is met by significant expansions of nuclear power and renewable energy generation technologies as well as the application of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies applied to both coal and natural gas fired power plants. Relatively little attention has been paid thus far to whether intermediate and peaking units would respond the same way to a climate policy given the very different operational and economic context that these kinds of electricity generation units operate under. In this paper, the authors discuss key aspects of the load segmentation methodology used to imbed a varying electricity demand within the GCAM (a state-of-the-art Integrated Assessment Model) energy and economic modelling framework and present key results on the role CCS technologies could play in decarbonizng subpeak and peak generation (encompassing only the top 10% of the load) and under what conditions. To do this, the authors have modelled two hypothetical climate policies that require 50% and 80% reductions in US emissions from business as usual by the middle of this century. Intermediate electricity generation is virtually decarbonized once carbon prices exceed approximately $150/tonCO2. When CO2 permit prices exceed $160/tonCO2, natural gas power plants with CCS have roughly the same marketshare as conventional gas plants in serving subpeak loads. The penetration of CCS into peak load (upper 6% here) is minimal under the scenarios modeled here suggesting that CO2 emissions from this aspect of the U.S. electricity sector would persist well into the future even with stringent CO2 emission control policies in place.
Luckow, Patrick; Wise, Marshall A.; Dooley, James J.
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Manufacturing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Related Patents: 7088115
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Manufacturing Welding Apparatus and Methods for Using Ultrasonic Sensing
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Manufacturing Realtime Acoustic Imaging Microscope. Related Patents: 7123364; 6836336
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Manufacturing Spray Rolling Metal. Related Patents: 6074194; 5718863
Optimal Multi-scale Capacity Planning under Hourly Varying Electricity Prices
1 Optimal Multi-scale Capacity Planning under Hourly Varying Electricity Prices Sumit Mitra Ignacio;2 Motivation of this work · Deregulation of the electricity markets caused electricity prices to be highly? (retrofit) · Challenge: Multi-scale nature of the problem! Hourly varying electricity prices vs. 10-15 years
Grossmann, Ignacio E.
A "Nearly Ideal" Solution to Linear Time-Varying Rational Expectations Models
For a well-identified class of forward-looking models under rational expectations and time-varying parameters, it is shown that there exists always a solution having the property of being the closest, in mean square, to the state motion of the autoregressive ... Keywords: C5, C6, Kalman Filtering, Rational expectations models, Time-varying parameters
Francesco Carravetta; Marco M. Sorge
An adaptive framework for visualizing unstructured grids with time-varying scalar fields
Interactive visualization of time-varying volume data is essential for many scientific simulations. This is a challenging problem since this data is often large, can be organized in different formats (regular or irregular grids), with variable instances ... Keywords: Time-varying data, Unstructured grids, Volume rendering
F�bio F. Bernardon; Steven P. Callahan; Jo�o L. D. Comba; Cl�udio T. Silva
Analysis on delay-dependent stability for neural networks with time-varying delays
This paper considers the problem of delay-dependent stability criteria for neural networks with time-varying delays. First, by constructing a newly augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, a less conservative stability criterion is established in terms ... Keywords: Lyapunov method, Neural networks, Stability, Time-varying delays
O. M. Kwon; Ju H. Park; S. M. Lee; E. J. Cha
Delay Dependent Exponential Stability for Fuzzy Recurrent Neural Networks with Interval Time-Varying Delay
In this paper, the problem of delay-dependent exponential stability for fuzzy recurrent neural networks with interval time-varying delay is investigated. The delay interval has been decomposed into multiple non equidistant subintervals, on these interval ... Keywords: Delay decomposition, Fuzzy recurrent neural networks, Interval time-varying delay, Maximum admissible upper bound (MAUB), Maximum exponential convergent rate (MECR)
R. Chandran; P. Balasubramaniam
Analysis of Heart Rate Variability Using Time-Varying Filtering of Heart Transplanted Patients
Analysis of Heart Rate Variability Using Time-Varying Filtering of Heart Transplanted Patients the heart rate variability (HRV), obtained by using the time-varying integral pulse frequency modulation (TVIPFM) which is well adapted to the exercise stress testing. We consider that the mean heart period
NREL: Technology Transfer - Technology Partnership Agreements
Technology Partnership Agreements Technology Partnership Agreements Through technology partnership agreements, NREL provides partners with technical support to help commercialize and deploy energy technologies and products. We do not fund any projects under a technology partnership agreement. The partner provides the necessary resources and covers our costs of providing technical services. NREL does provide funding opportunities through competitively placed contracts. For more information, see our business opportunities. Process The technology partnership agreement process basically includes 11 steps. See the NREL Technology Partnership Agreement Process flowchart. We are committed to working through these steps in a timely manner. Experience suggests that the fastest means to reach an agreement is through
An Axial Dispersion Model for Gas - Liquid Reactors Based on the Penetration Theory
An axial dispersion reactor model for gas -- liquid reaction systems is proposed in this paper based on the penetration theory. The mass transfer mechanism accompanied by a chemical irreversible first-order reaction is mathematically treated in a new way in order to use its results to develop the model conveniently. Analytical solutions can be obtained for the equation system involving linear differential equations by using of the eigenvalues of the equation system. In addition, an iteration procedure is given to solve the nonlinear differential equation system numerically. The influences of the important model parameters on the concentration profile, the mass transfer and the reactant conversion are also studied. 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.
Jinfu Wang; Shejiao Han; Fei Wei; Zhiqing Yu; Yong Jin
Penetrator reliability investigation and design exploration : from conventional design processes to innovative uncertainty-capturing algorithms.
This project focused on research and algorithmic development in optimization under uncertainty (OUU) problems driven by earth penetrator (EP) designs. While taking into account uncertainty, we addressed three challenges in current simulation-based engineering design and analysis processes. The first challenge required leveraging small local samples, already constructed by optimization algorithms, to build effective surrogate models. We used Gaussian Process (GP) models to construct these surrogates. We developed two OUU algorithms using 'local' GPs (OUU-LGP) and one OUU algorithm using 'global' GPs (OUU-GGP) that appear competitive or better than current methods. The second challenge was to develop a methodical design process based on multi-resolution, multi-fidelity models. We developed a Multi-Fidelity Bayesian Auto-regressive process (MF-BAP). The third challenge involved the development of tools that are computational feasible and accessible. We created MATLAB{reg_sign} and initial DAKOTA implementations of our algorithms.
Martinez-Canales, Monica L.; Heaphy, Robert (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Gramacy, Robert B. (University of Cambridge); Taddy, Matt (University of California, Santa Cruz, CA); Chiesa, Michael L.; Thomas, Stephen W. (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Swiler, Laura Painton (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Hough, Patricia Diane; Lee, Herbert K. H. (University of California, Santa Cruz, CA); Trucano, Timothy Guy (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Gray, Genetha Anne
Photovoltaic module kit including connector assembly for non-penetrating array installation
A PV module kit for non-penetrating rooftop installation, including a plurality of PV modules and a plurality of connectors. Each of the PV modules includes a PV laminate and a frame forming a mounting region assembled thereto. The connectors include a male connector having a male fastener extending from a head, and a female connector having a female fastener assembled within a head. The heads are entirely formed of plastic. The kit provides a mounted array state including a junction at which the mounting region of at least two of the PV modules are aligned and interconnected by engagement of the male connector with the female connector. The so-formed junction is substantially electrically insulated. The plurality of connectors can further include a spacer connector including a head forming a bore sized to slidably receive the male fastener, with all of the connector heads being identical.
Botkin, Jonathan (El Cerrito, CA); Graves, Simon (Berkeley, CA); Danning, Matt (Oakland, CA); Culligan, Matthew (Berkeley, CA)
Botkin, Jonathan; Graves, Simon; Danning, Matt; Culligan, Matthew
A Potent and Broad Neutralizing Antibody Recognizes and Penetrates the HIV Glycan Shield
The HIV envelope (Env) protein gp120 is protected from antibody recognition by a dense glycan shield. However, several of the recently identified PGT broadly neutralizing antibodies appear to interact directly with the HIV glycan coat. Crystal structures of antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) PGT 127 and 128 with Man{sub 9} at 1.65 and 1.29 angstrom resolution, respectively, and glycan binding data delineate a specific high mannose-binding site. Fab PGT 128 complexed with a fully glycosylated gp120 outer domain at 3.25 angstroms reveals that the antibody penetrates the glycan shield and recognizes two conserved glycans as well as a short {beta}-strand segment of the gp120 V3 loop, accounting for its high binding affinity and broad specificify. Furthermore, our data suggest that the high neutralization potency of PGT 127 and 128 immunoglobulin Gs may be mediated by cross-linking Env trimers on the viral surface.
Pejchal, Robert; Doores, Katie J.; Walker, Laura M.; Khayat, Reza; Huang, Po-Ssu; Wang, Sheng-Kai; Stanfield, Robyn L.; Julien, Jean-Philippe; Ramos, Alejandra; Crispin, Max; Depetris, Rafael; Katpally, Umesh; Marozsan, Andre; Cupo, Albert; Maloveste, Sebastien; Liu, Yan; McBride, Ryan; Ito, Yukishige; Sanders, Rogier W.; Ogohara, Cassandra; Paulson, James C.; Feizi, Ten; Scanlan, Christopher N.; Wong, Chi-Huey; Moore, John P.; Olson, William C.; Ward, Andrew B.; Poignard, Pascal; Schief, William R.; Burton, Dennis R.; Wilson, Ian A. (Progenics); (JSTA); (UWASH); (Scripps); (NIH); (Weill); (Oxford); (ICL)
Analysis of particle penetration into aluminum plate using underwater shock wave
Some techniques using underwater shock waves have been developed for several material processing applications: explosive welding, shock compaction, and shock synthesis. In this research, a new technique was developed for surface modification of an aluminum plate. Diamond particles were accelerated by an underwater shock wave and penetrated into an aluminum plate, creating a surface coating of diamond on the aluminum plate. In the observation of the cross-section of the recovered Al-diamond composite, a rich diamond layer was confirmed at about 200 {mu}m depth. XRD and wear measurements were conducted for the recovered Al-diamond composite. We also report on the optical observation of the underwater shock wave in this paper.
Tanaka, S. [Faculty of engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 860-8555 (Japan); Hokamoto, K.; Itoh, S. [Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 860-8555 (Japan)
Unusual temperature dependence of the London penetration depth in all-organic {beta}
The temperature dependence of the in-plane, {lambda}{sub {parallel}}(T), and interplane, {lambda}{sub {perpendicular}}(T), London penetration depth was measured in the metal-free all-organic superconductor {beta}''-(ET){sub 2}SF{sub 5}CH{sub 2}CF{sub 2}SO{sub 3} (T{sub c}{approx}5.2 K). {Delta}{lambda}{sub ||}(T){proportional_to}T{sup 3} up to 0.5 T{sub c}, a power law previously observed only in materials thought to be p-wave superconductors. {lambda}{sub {perpendicular}} is larger than the sample dimensions down to the lowest temperatures (0.35 K), implying an anisotropy of {lambda}{sub {perpendicular}}/{lambda}{sub {parallel}}{approx}400-800.
Prozorov, R.; Giannetta, R. W.; Schlueter, J.; Kini, A. M.; Mohtasham, J.; Winter, R. W.; Gard, G. L.
Methods of integrating a high penetration photovoltaic power plant into a micro grid.
The island of Lanai is currently one of the highest penetration PV micro grids in the world, with the 1.2 MWAC La Ola Solar Farm operating on a grid with a peak net load of 4.7 MW. This facility interconnects to one of Lanai's three 12.47 kV distribution circuits. An initial interconnection requirements study (IRS) determined that several control and performance features are necessary to ensure safe and reliable operation of the island grid. These include power curtailment, power factor control, over/under voltage and frequency ride through, and power ramp rate limiting. While deemed necessary for stable grid operation, many of these features contradict the current IEEE 1547 interconnection requirements governing distributed generators. These controls have been successfully implemented, tested, and operated since January 2009. Currently, the system is producing power in a curtailed mode according to the requirements of a power purchase agreement (PPA).
Stein, Joshua S.; Johnson, Lars (SunPower Corporation, Richmond, CA); Nelson, Lauren (SunPower Corporation, Richmond, CA); Lenox, Carl (SunPower Corporation, Richmond, CA); Johnson, Robert. (SunPower Corporation, Richmond, CA)
Long-Term Long-Term Market Penetration of Wind in the United States July 2003 * NREL/CP-620-34469 W. Short, N. Blair, D. Heimiller, and V. Singh Presented at the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) WindPower 2003 Conference Austin, Texas May 21, 2003 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute * Battelle * Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Accordingly, the US Government and MRI retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published
Ground penetrating radar technique to locate coal mining related features: case studies in Texas
The goal of this research project is to identify the efficacy of the ground penetrating radar (GPR) technique in locating underground coal mine related subsidence features at Malakoff and Bastrop, Texas. The work at Malakoff has been done in collaboration with the Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC). RRC has been carrying out reclamation of abandoned underground coal mines at Malakoff since the early 1990�?s. The history of the specific mining operations (at Malakoff and Bastrop) that took place in the early 1900�?s has been difficult to ascertain; therefore, the use of a geophysical techniques like ground penetrating radar to identify hidden voids and potential subsidence features is vital for future reclamation process. Some of the underground mine workings at the field site have collapsed over time affecting the topography by creating sinkholes. GPR data, employing 25 MHz, 50 MHz and 100 MHz frequency antennae, have been collected in common offset patterns and azimuthal pattern. GPR data indicate the mine tunnels possibly connecting existing sinkholes by radargram hyperbolae that correspond with mine openings observed visually or during reclamation. This study also denotes the importance of understanding the variable physical properties of the stratigraphy, which could lead to false alarms by misinterpretation of the radar signals. Natural and man-made above-ground structures cause obstructions in data collection, and hence an optimal design is required for each survey. RRC successfully ground-truthed the data during its reclamation process. In turn, the acquired geophysical data helped to guide the reclamation. At Bastrop, GPR data along with historical documentation led to the conclusion that coal mining did exist in this region but is not a major concern to the immediate stability and safety of the field site. It can be concluded from both the studies that the GPR technique identifies anomalous shafts/tunnels possibly connecting potential failure.
Save, Neelambari R
MHK Technologies/SeaWEED | Open Energy Information
SeaWEED SeaWEED < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage SeaWEED.jpg Technology Profile Primary Organization Grey Island Energy Inc Technology Resource Click here Wave Technology Readiness Level Click here TRL 5 6 System Integration and Technology Laboratory Demonstration Technology Description The Sea Wave Energy Extraction Device is designed to maximize power production while maintaining a high degree of survivability in some of the world s harshest environments The device is designed to harness power generated by ocean surface waves by adjusting to varying wave conditions and utilizing a hydraulic takeoff system to transmit mechanical power Technology Dimensions Device Testing Scale Test *In water tests of the system were successfully completed in the tow tank of NRC Institute for Ocean Technology
Renewable Energy and Efficiency Modeling Analysis Partnership: An Analysis of How Different Energy Models Addressed a Common High Renewable Energy Penetration Scenario in 2025
COVERED (From - To) Renewable Energy and Efficiency Modelinga Common High Renewable Energy Penetration Scenario in 2025OnLocation) National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole
Blair, N.
DATES COVERED (From - To) Renewable Energy and EfficiencyModels Addressed a Common High Renewable Energy PenetrationWood (OnLocation) National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617
Ion Beam Manufacture Ion Beam Manufacture PDF format (113 kb) Example sine wave FIB sputtered into initially planar Si substrate Example sine wave FIB sputtered into initially planar Si substrate Sandia Manufacturing Science & Technology's Focused Ion Beam (FIB) laboratory provides an opportunity for research, development and prototyping. Currently, our scientists are developing methods for ion beam sculpting microscale tools, components and devices. This includes shaping of specialty tools such as end-mills, turning tools and indenters. Many of these have been used in ultra-precision machining DOE applications. Additionally, staff are developing the capability to ion mill geometrically-complex features and substrates. This includes the ability to sputter predetermined curved shapes of various symmetries and
Laser Engineered Net Shaping(tm) Laser Engineered Net Shaping(tm) PDF format (140 kb) picture of processing blade Processing Blade Sandia National Laboratories has developed a new technology to fabricate three-dimensional metallic components directly from CAD solid models. This process, called Laser Engineered Net ShapingT (LENS®), exhibits enormous potential to revolutionize the way in which metal parts, such as complex prototypes, tooling, and small-lot production items, are produced. The process fabricates metal parts directly from the Computer Aided Design (CAD) solid models using a metal powder injected into a molten pool created by a focused, high-powered laser beam. Simultaneously, the substrate on which the deposition is occurring is scanned under the beam/powder interaction zone to fabricate the desired
Sol-Gel Glasses Sol-Gel Glasses PDF format (74 kb) Sol Gel Sol Gel Coating with Sol-Gel Glasses Coating with Sol-Gel Glasses The Manufacturing Science & Technology Center conducts process development and scale-up of ceramic and glass materials prepared by the sol-gel process. Sol-gel processing uses solutions prepared at low temperature rather than high temperature powder processing to make materials with controlled properties. A precursor sol-gel solution (sol) is either poured into a mold and allowed to gel or is diluted and applied to a substrate by spinning, dipping, spraying, electrophoresis, inkjet printing or roll coating. Controlled drying of the wet gel results in either a ceramic or glass bulk part or a thin film on a glass, plastic, ceramic or metal substrate.
3 foot diameter cyanate ester / fiberglass laminated antenna 3 foot diameter cyanate ester / fiberglass laminated antenna 3 foot diameter cyanate ester / fiberglass laminated antenna Composites PDF format (145 kb) Polymer composite materials are composed of fibers in an organic matrix and can be useful in applications that require a high strength-to-weight ratio. Sandia's MS&T staff will work with you from part design, through mold and tooling design, and on through fabrication. The department is capable of fabricating small and large complex parts and will help you choose the most economical technique for your composite needs. Capabilities: The Center has a comprehensive program on the mechanical engineering design, tooling and fixturing, lay-out, complete processing of the composite structure, and technology transfer of composite structures for a
CMM Technology
This project addressed coordinate measuring machine (CMM) technology and model-based engineering. CMM data analysis and delivery were enhanced through the addition of several machine types to the inspection summary program. CMM hardware and software improvements were made with the purchases of calibration and setup equipment and new model-based software for the creation of inspection programs. Kansas City Plant (KCP) personnel contributed to and influenced the development of dimensional metrology standards. Model-based engineering capabilities were expanded through the development of software for the tolerance analysis of piece parts and for the creation of model-based CMM inspection programs and inspection plans and through the purchase of off-the-shelf software for the tolerance analysis of mechanical assemblies. An obsolete database application used to track jobs in Precision Measurement was replaced by a web-based application with improved query and reporting capabilities. A potential project to address the transformation of the dimensional metrology enterprise at the Kansas City Plant was identified.
Ward, Robert C.
Science and Technology Review December 2011
This month's issue has the following articles: (1) High-Performance Computing for Energy Innovation - Commentary by Tomas Diaz de la Rubia; (2) Simulating the Next Generation of Energy Technologies - Projects using high-performance computing demonstrate Livermore's computational horsepower and improve the quality of energy solutions and the speed of deployment; (3) ARC Comes into Focus - The Advanced Radiographic Capability, a petawatt-class laser, can penetrate dense objects to reveal material dynamics during National Ignition Facility experiments; (4) A New Method to Track Viral Evolution - A sensitive technique developed at the Laboratory can identify virus mutations that may jump from host to host; and (5) Data for Defense: New Software Finds It Fast - Department of Defense warfighters and planners are using Livermore software systems to extract pertinent information from massive amounts of data.
Nikolic, R J
SunShot Initiative: Regional Test Centers for Solar Technologies
Regional Test Centers for Solar Technologies Regional Test Centers for Solar Technologies Get the Adobe Flash Player to see this video. Text Alternative At the Regional Test Centers (RTCs) throughout the United States, DOE provides photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) validation testing and systems monitoring for businesses and other industry stakeholders. The primary mission of the RTCs is to develop standards and guidelines for validating the performance and operation of PV modules and systems. The RTCs also serve as test beds for large-scale systems and provide independent validation of PV performance and reliability. By establishing the technical basis for bankability, the RTCs serve to increase investor confidence in PV technologies. These efforts support the SunShot Initiative's goal to increase the penetration of large-scale solar energy systems to enable solar-generated power to account for 15% to 18% of America's electricity generation by 2030.
Coal based electric generation comparative technologies report
Ohio Clean Fuels, Inc., (OCF) has licensed technology that involves Co-Processing (Co-Pro) poor grade (high sulfur) coal and residual oil feedstocks to produce clean liquid fuels on a commercial scale. Stone Webster is requested to perform a comparative technologies report for grassroot plants utilizing coal as a base fuel. In the case of Co-Processing technology the plant considered is the nth plant in a series of applications. This report presents the results of an economic comparison of this technology with other power generation technologies that use coal. Technologies evaluated were:Co-Processing integrated with simple cycle combustion turbine generators, (CSC); Co-Processing integrated with combined cycle combustion turbine generators, (CCC); pulverized coal-fired boiler with flue gas desulfurization and steam turbine generator, (PC) and Circulating fluidized bed boiler and steam turbine generator, (CFB). Conceptual designs were developed. Designs were based on approximately equivalent net electrical output for each technology. A base case of 310 MWe net for each technology was established. Sensitivity analyses at other net electrical output sizes varying from 220 MWe's to 1770 MWe's were also performed. 4 figs., 9 tabs.
The Purpose and Value of Successful Technology Demonstrations The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 Demonstrations
Purpose and Value of Successful Technology Demonstrations - The Energy Purpose and Value of Successful Technology Demonstrations - The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 Demonstrations by Steve Bossart, NETL Senior Management and Technical Advisor, and Steve Pullins, Team Leader, DOE/NETL Modern Grid Strategy Our industry has piloted many, many technologies, but truly deployed few. Can we say that we completely understand the value of a single technology piloted in a couple different utilities? Or, must we integrate this technology with other technologies in a real-world environment to discover those additional values and benefits that go beyond its solo application? When we survey the industry for technology penetration, we find a sad picture....many solo pilots, but little evidence of integrated advanced technologies. The reasons are simple and clear.
Magneto-optical investigation of flux penetration in a superconducting ring Myriam Pannetier,* F. C. Klaassen, R. J. Wijngaarden,
the initial flux penetration and field reversal a highly nonuniform current distribution is observed and current distributions in superconducting thin film YBa2Cu3O7 rings in an externally applied magnetic field. In particular, concentric counterrotating current loops occur during field reversal. We explore implications
Wijngaarden, Rinke J.
Final Report - Inspection Limit Confirmation for Upper Head Penetration Nozzle Cracking
The ASME Code Case N-729-1 defines alternative examination requirements for the Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) upper head penetration nozzle welds. The basis for these examination requirements was developed as part of an Industry program conducted by the Materials Reliability Program (MRP) through the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The results of this program were published in MRP-95 Rev. 1 and document a set of finite element weld residual stress analyses conducted on a variety of upper head penetration nozzles. The inspection zone selected by the industry was based on the stress where it was assumed that primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) would not initiate. As explained in MRP-95 Rev. 1, it has been illustrated that PWSCC does not occur in the Alloy 600 tube when the stresses are below the yield strength of that tube. Typical yield strengths at operating conditions for Alloy 600 range from 35 ksi to 65 ksi. A stress less than 20-ksi tension was chosen as a conservative range where PWSCC would not initiate. Over the last several years, Engineering Mechanics Corporation of Columbus (Emc2) has conducted welding residual stress analyses on upper head penetration J-welds made from Alloy 182 weld metal for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff. These efforts were performed as a confirmatory evaluation of the industry�s analyses conducted as part of their MRP-95 Rev. 1 effort. To this point, the analyses conducted by Emc2 have not been compared to the MRP-95 Rev. 1 results or the examination zones defined in the Code Case. Therefore, this report summarizes the past Emc2 CRDM welding analyses and investigates the regions where the welding stresses may be sufficiently high to promote stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In all, 90 welding residual stress analyses were conducted by Emc2 and the largest distance below the weld where the stress drops below 20 ksi was 5 inches for the uphill weld of the 53-degree nozzle case. For the largest distance above the weld where stress drops below 20 ksi, the worst case was 1.5 inches above the downhill side of the 25-degree nozzle case. The inspection zones described in both MRP-95 Rev. 1 and Code Case N-729-1 were set at 1.0 inch for nozzle angles greater than 30 degrees or 1.5 inches for nozzle angles less than 30 degrees, above the highest or below the lowest point on the weld. In all cases analyzed by Emc2 in this effort, there was only one case where the stress was above 20 ksi outside of this inspection zone. For that case, the stresses were very close to 20 ksi at the inspection zone limit and were considered acceptable.
Anderson, Michael T.; Rudland, David L.; Zhang, Tao; Wilkowski, Gery M.
Plasma technology directory
The Plasma Technology Directory has two main goals: (1) promote, coordinate, and share plasma technology experience and equipment within the Department of Energy; and (2) facilitate technology transfer to the commercial sector where appropriate. Personnel are averaged first by Laboratory and next by technology area. The technology areas are accelerators, cleaning and etching deposition, diagnostics, and modeling.
Ward, P.P.; Dybwad, G.L.
NETL: Control Technology: Advanced Hybrid Particulate Collector
Advanced Hybrid Particulate Collector Advanced Hybrid Particulate Collector Under DOE-NETL sponsorship, the University of North Dakota, Energy and Environmental Research Center (UND-EERC) has developed a new concept in particulate control, called an advanced hybrid particulate collector (AHPC). In addition to DOE and the EERC, the project team includes W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Allied Environmental Technologies, Inc., and the Otter Tail Power Company. The AHPC utilizes both electrostatic collection and filtration in a unique geometric configuration that achieves ultrahigh particle collection with much less collection area than conventional particulate control devices. The primary technologies for state-of-the-art particulate control are fabric filters (baghouses) and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). A major limitation of ESPs is that the fractional penetration of 0.1- to 1.0-µm particles is typically at least an order of magnitude greater than for 10-µm particles, so a situation exists where the particles that are of greatest health concern are collected with the lowest efficiency. Fabric filters are currently considered to be the best available control technology for fine particles, but emissions are dependent on ash properties and typically increase if the air-to-cloth (A/C) ratio is increased. In addition, many fabrics cannot withstand the rigors of high-SO2 flue gases, which are typical for bituminous fuels. Fabric filters may also have problems with bag cleanability and high pressure drop, which has resulted in conservatively designed, large, costly baghouses.
Analysis of a Method to Estimate Chlorophyll-a Concentration from Irradiance Measurements at Varying Depths
A model to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration and yellow substance absorption at 440 nm from irradiance measurements made at varying depths is examined. The derivation of the model, requiring irradiance measurements at three wavebands, is ...
Jasmine S. Nahorniak; Mark R. Abbott; Ricardo M. Letelier; W. Scott Pegau
A time-varying subsidence parameterization for the atmospheric boundary layer
This study examines the effect of a time-varying parameterization for subsidence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) on a one-dimensional coupled land-atmosphere model. Measurements of large-scale divergence in the ABL ...
Flagg, David D. (David Douglas)
Modeling the Effects of the Spatially Varying Sea Surface Temperature on the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer
A two-dimensional marine planetary boundary layer model is developed and applied to simulate the evolution of coupled dynamic, thermodynamic and cloud properties of the marine boundary layer over a zonally varying sea surface temperature field. ...
Mickey Man-Kui Wai
Scheduling algorithms for throughput maximization in time-varying networks with reconfiguration delays
We consider the control of possibly time-varying wireless networks under reconfiguration delays. Reconfiguration delay is the time it takes to switch network resources from one subset of nodes to another and it is a ...
Celik, Guner Dincer
Effect of Varied Air Flow on Flame Structure of Laminar Inverse Diffusion Flames
D.A. , Combustion and Flame, 111:185, Table 1 IDF OperatingEffect of Varied Air Flow on Flame Structure ofLaminar Inverse Diffusion Flames Western States Section/
Mikofski, Mark A; Williams, Timothy C; Shaddix, Christopher R; Blevins, Linda G
On combining local DCT with preprocessing sequence for face recognition under varying lighting conditions
Face recognition under varying lighting conditions remains an unsolved problem. In this work, a new photometric normalisation method based on local Discrete Cosine Transform in the logarithmic domain is proposed. The method is experimentally evaluated ...
Heydi M�ndez-V�zquez; Josef Kittler; Chi-Ho Chan; Edel Garc�a-Reyes
Dynamic Server Allocation Over Time-Varying Channels With Switchover Delay
We consider a dynamic server allocation problem over parallel queues with randomly varying connectivity and server switchover delay between the queues. At each time slot, the server decides either to stay with the current ...
Le, Long B.
Scheduling in parallel queues with randomly varying connectivity and switchover delay
We consider a dynamic server control problem for two parallel queues with randomly varying connectivity and server switchover delay between the queues. At each time slot the server decides either to stay with the current ...
Dynamics of lettuce drop incidence and Sclerotinia minor inoculum under varied crop rotations
Koike, S. T. 1998. Effects of crop rotation and irrigationImplications for yield and crop rotation. Asp. Appl. Biol.minor Inoculum Under Varied Crop Rotations J. J. Hao and K.
Hao, J J; Subbarao, K V
An Algorithm for Lidar Mapping of Aerosol Concentrations in a Varying Atmospheric Background Density
An algorithm for the determination of the number density profiles of a specific aerosol as a function of time and space is developed and discussed. The algorithm is applicable to atmospheric conditions in which a varying density particulate ...
Moshe Kleiman; Smadar Egert; Ariel Cohen
A perceptual study on haptic rendering of surface topography when both surface height and stiffness vary
This study is concerned with the distorted perception of surface topography when both surface height and surface stiffness vary. Three psychophysical experiments were conducted using virtual surfaces rendered with a force-feedback device. In Exp. I, ...
Laron Walker; Hong Z. Tan
Testing for a time-varying price-cost markup in the Euro area inflation process
2004). In?ation and relative price variability: short-runand the informativeness of prices. Journal of Money, CreditTesting for a time-varying price-cost markup in the Euro
Bowdler, Christopher; Jansen, Eilev S.
Dynamic power allocation and routing for satellite and wireless networks with time varying channels
Satellite and wireless networks operate over time varying channels that depend on attenuation conditions, power allocation decisions, and inter-channel interference. In order to reliably integrate these systems into a high ...
Neely, Michael J. (Michael James), 1975-
Demonstration of Aerosol Property Profiling by Multiwavelength Lidar under Varying Relative Humidity Conditions
The feasibility of using a multiwavelength Mie�Raman lidar based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser for profiling aerosol physical parameters in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) under varying conditions of relative humidity (RH) is studied. The lidar ...
I. Veselovskii; D. N. Whiteman; A. Kolgotin; E. Andrews; M. Korenskii
Valuing the Time-Varying Electricity Production of Solar Photovoltaic Cells
to a point, such weather also produces higher solar PV pro-solar PV production increases with hotter, sunnier weathersolar PV production that includes random vari- ation due to weather.
Borenstein, Severin
NREL: Technology Transfer - Technologies Available for Licensing
Technologies Available for Licensing Technologies Available for Licensing Photo of NREL scientist in the NREL Hydrogen Lab. NREL's scientists and engineers develop award-winning technologies available for licensing. NREL scientists and engineers produce breakthrough and award-winning renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies that are available for licensing. We have many licensing opportunities for NREL-developed technologies, including our featured LED technologies. To see all our technologies available for licensing, visit the EERE Innovation Portal and search for NREL. Learn about our licensing agreement process. Contact For more information about licensing NREL-developed technologies, contact Eric Payne, 303-275-3166. Ombuds NREL strives to quickly resolve any issue or concern you may have regarding
National Energy Technology Laboratory National Energy Technology...
4U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory National Energy Technology Laboratory Office of Public Affairs Office of Public Affairs...
NETL Technologies Recognized for Technology Development, Transfer |
Recognized for Technology Development, Transfer Recognized for Technology Development, Transfer NETL Technologies Recognized for Technology Development, Transfer October 25, 2013 - 1:31pm Addthis Did you know? The Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer is the nationwide network of federal laboratories that provides the forum to develop strategies and opportunities for linking laboratory mission technologies and expertise with the marketplace. In consonance with the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 and related federal policy, the mission of the FLC is to promote and facilitate the rapid movement of federal laboratory research results and technologies into the mainstream of the U.S. economy. Learn more about the FLC. A great invention that sits on a shelf, gathering dust, benefits no one.
Program on Technology Innovation: Future Control Centers
This project reviews the functions and architectures of control centers: their past, present, and likely future. The evolving changes in power system operational needs require a distributed control center that is decentralized, integrated, flexible, and open. Present-day control centers are moving in that direction with varying degrees of success. Technologies employed in today's control centers enabling them to be distributed are briefly reviewed. With the rise of the Internet age, the trend in informat...
Holographic dark energy with varying gravitational constant in Horava-Lifshitz cosmology
We investigate the holographic dark energy scenario with a varying gravitational constant in a flat background in the context of Ho\\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity. We extract the exact differential equation determining the evolution of the dark energy density parameter, which includes $G$ variation term. Also we discuss a cosmological implication of our work by evaluating the dark energy equation of state for low redshifts containing varying $G$ corrections.
M. R. Setare; Mubasher Jamil
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Manufacturing Integrated Optical Sensor. Related Patents: 5275327. Contact: David R. Anderson
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... National Security Portable Tire Deflation Device. Related Patents: 7,641,417; 5507588
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Materials Forming Aluminum Oxynitride. Related Patents: 7,459,122. Contact: Lisa Nate
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... National Security Electric Generator Protection. Related Patents: 7,453,674
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Environmental Method and Apparatus Configured for Identification of a Material
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... National Security; Non-Nuclear Energy; Nuclear Energy; Robotics; Transportation;
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Manufacturing Modular Friction Stir Welding Tool. Related Patents: 7,357,292
Idaho National Laboratory Technologies Available for Licensing ... Materials Natural Adhesive Systems. Related Patents: 6987170. Contact: David R. Anderson
Emerging Energy-Efficient Technologies in Buildings Technology Characterizations for Energy Modeling
The energy use in America's commercial and residential building sectors is large and growing. Over 38 quadrillion Btus (Quads) of primary energy were consumed in 2002, representing 39% of total U.S. energy consumption. While the energy use in buildings is expected to grow to 52 Quads by 2025, a large number of energy-related technologies exist that could curtail this increase. In recent years, improvements in such items as high efficiency refrigerators, compact fluorescent lights, high-SEER air conditioners, and improved building shells have all contributed to reducing energy use. Hundreds of other technology improvements have and will continue to improve the energy use in buildings. While many technologies are well understood and are gradually penetrating the market, more advanced technologies will be introduced in the future. The pace and extent of these advances can be improved through state and federal R&D. This report focuses on the long-term potential for energy-efficiency improvement in buildings. Five promising technologies have been selected for description to give an idea of the wide range of possibilities. They address the major areas of energy use in buildings: space conditioning (33% of building use), water heating (9%), and lighting (16%). Besides describing energy-using technologies (solid-state lighting and geothermal heat pumps), the report also discusses energy-saving building shell improvements (smart roofs) and the integration of multiple energy service technologies (CHP packaged systems and triple function heat pumps) to create synergistic savings. Finally, information technologies that can improve the efficiency of building operations are discussed. The report demonstrates that the United States is not running out of technologies to improve energy efficiency and economic and environmental performance, and will not run out in the future. The five technology areas alone can potentially result in total primary energy savings of between 2 and 4.2 Quads by 2025, or 3.8% to 8.1% of the total commercial and residential energy use by 2025 (52 Quads). Many other technologies will contribute to additional potential for energy-efficiency improvement, while the technical potential of these five technologies on the long term is even larger.
Hadley, SW
Living technology: Exploiting life's principles in technology
The concept of living technology---that is, technology that is based on the powerful core features of life---is explained and illustrated with examples from artificial life software, reconfigurable and evolvable hardware, autonomously self-reproducing ... Keywords: Living technology, World Wide Web, autonomous robot, protocell, scientific social responsibility, synthetic biology
Mark A. Bedau; John S. McCaskill; Norman H. Packard; Steen Rasmussen
Potential for energy technologies in residential and commercial buildings
The residential-commercial energy technology model was developed as a planning tool for policy analysis in the residential and commercial building sectors. The model and its procedures represent a detailed approach to estimating the future acceptance of energy-using technologies both in new construction and for retrofit into existing buildings. The model organizes into an analytical framework all relevant information and data on building energy technology, building markets, and government policy, and it allows for easy identification of the relative importance of key assumptions. The outputs include estimates of the degree of penetration of the various building energy technologies, the levels of energy use savings associated with them, and their costs - both private and government. The model was designed to estimate the annual energy savings associated with new technologies compared with continued use of conventional technology at 1975 levels. The amount of energy used under 1975 technology conditions is referred to as the reference case energy use. For analytical purposes the technologies were consolidated into ten groupings: electric and gas heat pumps; conservation categories I, II, and III; solar thermal (hot water, heating, and cooling); photovoltaics, and wind systems. These groupings clearly do not allow an assessment of the potential for individual technologies, but they do allow a reasonable comparison of their roles in the R/C sector. Assumptions were made regarding the technical and economic performances of the technologies over the period of the analysis. In addition, the study assessed the non-financial characteristics of the technologies - aesthetics, maintenance complexity, reliability, etc. - that will also influence their market acceptability.
Glesk, M.M.
Soap Manufacturing Technology
Soap producers as well as anyone with an interest in soap technology will benefit from the new AOCS Press Soap Manufacturing Technology book. Soap Manufacturing Technology Surfactants and Detergents aocs articles Detergents division divisions fabric
Distributed control of reactive power flow in a radial distribution circuit with high photovoltaic penetration
We show how distributed control of reactive power can serve to regulate voltage and minimize resistive losses in a distribution circuit that includes a significant level of photovoltaic (PV) generation. To demonstrate the technique, we consider a radial distribution circuit with a single branch consisting of sequentially-arranged residential-scale loads that consume both real and reactive power. In parallel, some loads also have PV generation capability. We postulate that the inverters associated with each PV system are also capable of limited reactive power generation or consumption, and we seek to find the optimal dispatch of each inverter's reactive power to both maintain the voltage within an acceptable range and minimize the resistive losses over the entire circuit. We assume the complex impedance of the distribution circuit links and the instantaneous load and PV generation at each load are known. We compare the results of the optimal dispatch with a suboptimal local scheme that does not require any communication. On our model distribution circuit, we illustrate the feasibility of high levels of PV penetration and a significant (20% or higher) reduction in losses.
Chertkov, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Turitsyn, Konstantin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Backhaus, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sule, Petr [NEW MEXICO CONSORTIUM
Chemical-Specific Representation of Air-Soil Exchange and Soil Penetration in Regional Multimedia Models
In multimedia mass-balance models, the soil compartment is an important sink as well as a conduit for transfers to vegetation and shallow groundwater. Here a novel approach for constructing soil transport algorithms for multimedia fate models is developed and evaluated. The resulting algorithms account for diffusion in gas and liquid components; advection in gas, liquid, or solid phases; and multiple transformation processes. They also provide an explicit quantification of the characteristic soil penetration depth. We construct a compartment model using three and four soil layers to replicate with high reliability the flux and mass distribution obtained from the exact analytical solution describing the transient dispersion, advection, and transformation of chemicals in soil with fixed properties and boundary conditions. Unlike the analytical solution, which requires fixed boundary conditions, the soil compartment algorithms can be dynamically linked to other compartments (air, vegetation, ground water, surface water) in multimedia fate models. We demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the algorithms in a model with applications to benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, MTBE, TCDD, and tritium.
McKone, T.E.; Bennett, D.H.
Optimal Inverter VAR Control in Distribution Systems with High PV Penetration
The intent of the study detailed in this paper is to demonstrate the benefits of inverter var control on a fast timescale to mitigate rapid and large voltage fluctuations due to the high penetration of photovoltaic generation and the resulting reverse power flow. Our approach is to formulate the volt/var control as a radial optimal power flow (OPF) problem to minimize line losses and energy consumption, subject to constraints on voltage magnitudes. An efficient solution to the radial OPF problem is presented and used to study the structure of optimal inverter var injection and the net benefits, taking into account the additional cost of inverter losses when operating at non-unity power factor. This paper will illustrate how, depending on the circuit topology and its loading condition, the inverter's optimal reactive power injection is not necessarily monotone with respect to their real power output. The results are demonstrated on a distribution feeder on the Southern California Edison system that has a very ...
Farivar, Masoud; Clarke, Christopher; Low, Steven
Ground shock from multiple earth penetrator bursts: Effects for hexagonal weapon arrays
Calculations have been performed with the HULL hydrocode to study ground shock effects for multiple earth penetrator weapon (EPW) bursts in hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) arrays. Several different calculational approaches were used to treat this problem. The first simulations involved two-dimensional (2D) calculations, where the hexagonal cross-section of a unit-cell in an effectively-infinite HCP array was approximated by an inscribed cylinder. Those calculations showed substantial ground shock enhancement below the center of the array. To refine the analysis, 3D unit-cell calculations were done where the actual hexagonal cross-section of the HCP array was modelled. Results of those calculations also suggested that the multiburst array would enhance ground shock effects over those for a single burst of comparable yield. Finally, 3D calculations were run in which an HCP array of seven bursts was modelled explicitly. In addition, the effects of non-simultaneity were investigated. Results of the seven-burst HCP array calculations were consistent with the unit-cell results and, in addition, provided information on the 3D lethal contour produced by such an array.
Kmetyk, L.N.; Yarrington, P.
Technology and Manufacturing Readiness of Early Market Motive and Non-Motive Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Fuel Cell Applications
PNNL�s objective in this report is to provide DOE with a technology and manufacturing readiness assessment to identify hydrogen storage technologies� maturity levels for early market motive and non-motive applications and to provide a path forward toward commercialization. PNNL�s Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) is based on a combination of Technology Readiness Level (TRL) and Manufacturing Readiness Level (MRL) designations that enable evaluation of hydrogen storage technologies in varying levels of development. This approach provides a logical methodology and roadmap to enable the identification of hydrogen storage technologies, their advantages/disadvantages, gaps and R&D needs on an unbiased and transparent scale that is easily communicated to interagency partners. The TRA report documents the process used to conduct the TRA, reports the TRL and MRL for each assessed technology and provides recommendations based on the findings.
Ronnebro, Ewa