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Definition: Azimuth | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Azimuth Azimuth Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Azimuth The angle between true south and the point on the horizon directly below the sun.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition An azimuth is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system. The vector from an observer to a point of interest is projected perpendicularly onto a reference plane; the angle between the projected vector and a reference vector on the reference plane is called the azimuth. An example is the position of a star in the sky. The star is the point of interest, the reference plane is the horizon or the surface of the sea, and the reference vector points north. The azimuth is the angle between the north vector and the perpendicular projection of the star down onto the horizon. Azimuth is usually measured in degrees (°). The concept is used
ARM: Ka-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (KASACR) Hemispherical Sky RHI Scan (6 horizon-to-horizon scans at 30-degree azimuth intervals)
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Ka-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (KASACR) Hemispherical Sky RHI Scan (6 horizon-to-horizon scans at 30-degree azimuth intervals)
Nitin Bharadwaj; Kevin Widener
Polar-azimuthal angle dependent efficiency of different infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detector designs
E-Print Network (OSTI)
The illumination-angle-dependent absorptance was determined for three types of superconducting-nanowire singlephoton detector (SNSPD) designs: 1. periodic bare niobium-nitride (NbN) stripes with dimensions of conventional ...
Csete, Maria
Obliquity factors for {sup 60}Co and 4, 10, and 18 MV x rays for concrete, steel, and lead and angles of incidence between 0{degrees} and 70{degrees}
SciTech Connect
The attenuation of {sup 60}Co gamma rays and photons of 4, 10, and 18 MV x-ray beams by concrete, steel, and lead has been studied using the Monte Carlo technique for angles of incidence 0{degrees}, 30{degrees}, 45{degrees}, 60{degrees}, and 70{degrees}. Transmission factors have been determined down to < 2 x 10{sup {minus}5} in all cases. The results show that deviation from the obliquity factor increases with angle but is not significant for angles {le} 45{degrees}. AT 70{degrees} angle of incidence and a transmission factor of 10{sup {minus}5}, the obliquity factor varies between 1.2 and 1.9 for concrete, between 1.4 and 1.7 for steel, and between 1.4 and 1.5 for lead for the range of energies investigated. This amounts to an additional 86 and 50 cm of concrete, 25 and 23 cm of steel, and 8 and 14 cm of lead for {sup 60}Co and 18 MV x rays, respectively. The results for {sup 60}Co is concrete and lead are in good agreement with previously published experimental work. Fits to the data using mathematical models allow reconstruction of all data curves to better than 1% on average and 7% in the worst single case. 9 refs., 14 figs., 6 tabs.
Biggs, P.J. [Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (United States)
Rapid emission angle selection for rotating-shield brachytherapy
Purpose: The authors present a rapid emission angle selection (REAS) method that enables the efficient selection of the azimuthal shield angle for rotating shield brachytherapy (RSBT). The REAS method produces a Pareto curve from which a potential RSBT user can select a treatment plan that balances the tradeoff between delivery time and tumor dose conformity. Methods: Two cervical cancer patients were considered as test cases for the REAS method. The RSBT source considered was a Xoft Axxent{sup TM} electronic brachytherapy source, partially shielded with 0.5 mm of tungsten, which traveled inside a tandem intrauterine applicator. Three anchor RSBT plans were generated for each case using dose-volume optimization, with azimuthal shield emission angles of 90 Degree-Sign , 180 Degree-Sign , and 270 Degree-Sign . The REAS method converts the anchor plans to treatment plans for all possible emission angles by combining neighboring beamlets to form beamlets for larger emission angles. Treatment plans based on exhaustive dose-volume optimization (ERVO) and exhaustive surface optimization (ERSO) were also generated for both cases. Uniform dwell-time scaling was applied to all plans such that that high-risk clinical target volume D{sub 90} was maximized without violating the D{sub 2cc} tolerances of the rectum, bladder, and sigmoid colon. Results: By choosing three azimuthal emission angles out of 32 potential angles, the REAS method performs about 10 times faster than the ERVO method. By setting D{sub 90} to 85-100 Gy{sub 10}, the delivery times used by REAS generated plans are 21.0% and 19.5% less than exhaustive surface optimized plans used by the two clinical cases. By setting the delivery time budget to 5-25 and 10-30 min/fx, respectively, for two the cases, the D{sub 90} contributions for REAS are improved by 5.8% and 5.1% compared to the ERSO plans. The ranges used in this comparison were selected in order to keep both D{sub 90} and the delivery time within acceptable limits. Conclusions: The REAS method enables efficient RSBT treatment planning and delivery and provides treatment plans with comparable quality to those generated by exhaustive replanning with dose-volume optimization.
Liu, Yunlong [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, 4016 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 (United States); Flynn, Ryan T.; Kim, Yusung; Bhatia, Sudershan K.; Sun, Wenqing [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 (United States); Yang Wenjun [Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, 1402 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 (United States); Wu Xiaodong [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, 4016 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 (United States)
Energy Flow Energy Flow Energy Flow A.Ukleja, T.Tymieniecka, I.Skillicorn 1 Azimuthal asymmetry
Energy Flow Energy Flow Energy Flow A.Ukleja, T.Tymieniecka, I.Skillicorn 1 Azimuthal asymmetry using energy flow method Azimuthal angle distribution at Q2 >100 GeV2 Energy flow method.Ukleja on behalf of the ZEUS Collaboration #12; Energy Flow Energy Flow Energy Flow A.Ukleja, T.Tymieniecka, I
Azimuthal Anisotropies as Stringent Test for Nuclear Transport Models
Azimuthal distributions of charged particles and intermediate mass fragments emitted in Au+Au collisions at 600AMeV have been measured using the FOPI facility at GSI-Darmstadt. Data show a strong increase of the in-plane azimuthal anisotropy ratio with the charge of the detected fragment. Intermediate mass fragments are found to exhibit a strong momentum-space alignment with respect of the reaction plane. The experimental results are presented as a function of the polar center-of-mass angle and over a broad range of impact parameters. They are compared to the predictions of the Isospin Quantum Molecular Dynamics model using three different parametrisations of the equation of state. We show that such highly accurate data provide stringent test for microscopic transport models and can potentially constrain separately the stiffness of the nuclear equation of state and the momentum dependence of the nuclear interaction.
P. Crochet; F. Rami; R. Dona; the FOPI Collaboration
Aerodynamic characteristics of seven symmetrical airfoil sections through 180-degree angle of attack for use in aerodynamic analysis of vertical axis wind turbines
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
When work began on the Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) program at Sandia National Laboratories, it was recognized that there was a paucity of symmetrical airfoil data needed to describe the aerodynamics of turbine blades. Curved-bladed Darrieus turbines operate at local Reynolds numbers (Re) and angles of attack (..cap alpha..) seldom encountered in aeronautical applications. This report describes (1) a wind tunnel test series conducted at moderate values of Re in which 0 less than or equal to ..cap alpha.. less than or equal to 180/sup 0/ force and moment data were obtained for four symmetrical blade-candidate airfoil sections (NACA-0009, -0012, -0012H, and -0015), and (2) how an airfoil property synthesizer code can be used to extend the measured properties to arbitrary values of Re (10/sup 4/ less than or equal to Re less than or equal to 10/sup 7/) and to certain other section profiles (NACA-0018, -0021, -0025).
Sheldahl, R E; Klimas, P C
Direct photon-charged hadron azimuthal correlations
Azimuthal correlations of direct photons at high transverse energy (8 $<$ E$_T$ $<$ 16 GeV) with away-side hadrons of transverse momentum (3 $<$ p$_T$ $<$ 6 GeV/c) have been measured over a broad range of centrality for $Au+Au$ collisions and $p+p$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The presented results are the first measurements at RHIC for $\\gamma$-hadron azimuthal correlations in $Au+Au$ collisions.
Ahmed M. Hamed
Azimuthal modulation of the event rate of cosmic ray extensive air showers by the geomagnetic field
The Earth's magnetic field effect on the azimuthal distribution of extensive air showers (EAS) of cosmic rays has been evaluated using a bulk of the Yakutsk array data. The uniform azimuthal distribution of the EAS event rate is rejected at the significance level 10^(-14). Amplitude of the first harmonics of observed distribution depends on zenith angle as A1=0.2*sin^2(theta) and is almost independent of the primary energy; the phase coincides with the magnetic meridian. Basing upon the value of measured effect, the correction factor has been derived for the particle density depending on a geomagnetic parameter of a shower.
A. A. Ivanov; V. P. Egorova; V. A. Kolosov; A. D. Krasilnikov; M. I. Pravdin; I. Ye. Sleptsov
First results from two particle azimuthal correlations at ALICE
Analysis of the leading particle correlations in p + p data taken by the ALICE experiment at centre of mass energies s ?=?0.9 and 7 TeV is presented. Per trigger normalized associated particle yield as a function of pair relative azimuthal angle ?? is used to determine the jet?fragmentation transverse momentum j T . The resulting values are compared to similar measurements at lower centre of mass energies done at RHIC and ISR. Furthermore we study the distribution of the transverse momentum component of associated particles with respect to leading particle p out . This quantity is related to di?jet acoplanarity. We present an analytic formula which estimates a background component of measured p out coming from uncorrelated pairs.
F. Krizek; The ALICE collaboration
On azimuthally symmetric 2-sphere convolution
We consider the problem of azimuthally symmetric convolution of signals defined on the 2-Sphere. Applications of such convolution include but are not limited to: geodesy, astronomical data (such as the famous Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe data), ... Keywords: 2-Sphere convolution, 2-Sphere filtering, Left Convolution, SO(3) convolution, Unit sphere
Rodney A. Kennedy; Tharaka A. Lamahewa; Liying Wei
Unpolarized Azimuthal Asymmetries from the COMPASS Experiment at CERN
Azimuthal asymmetries in unpolarized SIDIS can be used to probe the transverse momentum of the quarks inside the nucleon. Furthermore
Rainer Joosten; on behalf of the COMPASS collaboration
Angle performance on optima MDxt
Angle control on medium current implanters is important due to the high angle-sensitivity of typical medium current implants, such as halo implants. On the Optima MDxt, beam-to-wafer angles are controlled in both the horizontal and vertical directions. In the horizontal direction, the beam angle is measured through six narrow slits, and any angle adjustment is made by electrostatically steering the beam, while cross-wafer beam parallelism is adjusted by changing the focus of the electrostatic parallelizing lens (P-lens). In the vertical direction, the beam angle is measured through a high aspect ratio mask, and any angle adjustment is made by slightly tilting the wafer platen prior to implant. A variety of tests were run to measure the accuracy and repeatability of Optima MDxt's angle control. SIMS profiles of a high energy, channeling sensitive condition show both the cross-wafer angle uniformity, along with the small-angle resolution of the system. Angle repeatability was quantified by running a channeling sensitive implant as a regular monitor over a seven month period and measuring the sheet resistance-to-angle sensitivity. Even though crystal cut error was not controlled for in this case, when attributing all Rs variation to angle changes, the overall angle repeatability was measured as 0.16 Degree-Sign (1{sigma}). A separate angle repeatability test involved running a series of V-curves tests over a four month period using low crystal cut wafers selected from the same boule. The results of this test showed the angle repeatability to be <0.1 Degree-Sign (1{sigma}).
David, Jonathan; Kamenitsa, Dennis [Axcelis Technologies, Inc., 108 Cherry Hill Dr, Beverly, MA 01915 (United States)
Rotation Angle for the Optimum Tracking of One-Axis Trackers
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
An equation for the rotation angle for optimum tracking of one-axis trackers is derived along with equations giving the relationships between the rotation angle and the surface tilt and azimuth angles. These equations are useful for improved modeling of the solar radiation available to a collector with tracking constraints and for determining the appropriate motor revolutions for optimum tracking.
Marion, W. F.; Dobos, A. P.
Azimuthal asymmetries of charged hadrons produced by high-energy muons scattered off longitudinally polarised deuterons
Azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive production of positive (h^+) and negative hadrons (h^-) have been measured by scattering 160 GeV muons off longitudinally polarised deuterons at CERN. The asymmetries were decomposed in several terms according to their expected modulation in the azimuthal angle phi of the outgoing hadron. Each term receives contributions from one or several spin and transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions. The amplitudes of all phi-modulation terms of the hadron asymmetries integrated over the kinematic variables are found to be consistent with zero within statistical errors, while the constant terms are nonzero and equal for h^+ and h^- within the statistical errors. The dependencies of the phi-modulated terms versus the Bjorken momentum fraction x, the hadron fractional momentum z, and the hadron transverse momentum p_h^T were studied. The x dependence of the constant terms for both positive and negative hadrons is in agreement with the longitudin...
Alekseev, M G; Alexandrov, Yu; Alexeev, G D; Amoroso, A; Austregesilo, A; Bade?ek, B; Balestra, F; Barth, J; Baum, G; Bedfer, Y; Bernhard, J; Bertini, R; Bettinelli, M; Birsa, R; Bisplinghoff, J; Bordalo, P; Bradamante, F; Bravar, A; Bressan, A; Brona, G; Burtin, E; Bussa, M P; Chaberny, D; Chiosso, M; Chung, S U; Cicuttin, A; Colantoni, M; Crespo, M L; Dalla Torre, S; Das, S; Dasgupta, S S; Denisov, O Yu; Dhara, L; Diaz, V; Donskov, S V; Doshita, N; Duic, V; D�nnweber, W; Efremov, A; El Alaoui, A; Eversheim, P D; Eyrich, W; Faessler, M; Ferrero, A; Filin, A; Finger, M; Finger, M Jr; Fischer, H; Franco, C; Friedrich, J M; Garfagnini, R; Gautheron, F; Gavrichtchouk, O P; Gazda, R; Gerassimov, S; Geyer, R; Giorgi, M; Gnesi, I; Gobbo, B; Goertz, S; Grabm�ller, S; Grasso, A; Grube, B; Gushterski, R; Guskov, A; Haas, F; von Harrach, D; Hasegawa, T; Heinsius, F H; Herrmann, F; He�, C; Hinterberger, F; Horikawa, N; H�ppner, Ch; d�Hose, N; Ilgner, C; Ishimoto, S; Ivanov, O; Ivanshin, Yu; Iwata, T; Jahn, R; Jasinski, P; Jegou, G; Joosten, R; Kabu�, E; Kang, D; Ketzer, B; Khaustov, G V; Khokhlov, Yu A; Kisselev, Yu; Klein, F; Klimaszewski, K; Koblitz, S; Koivuniemi, J H; Kolosov, V N; Kondo, K; K�nigsmann, K; Konopka, R; Konorov, I; Konstantinov, V F; Korzenev, A; Kotzinian, A M; Kouznetsov, O; Kowalik, K; Kr�mer, M; Kral, A; Kroumchtein, Z V; Kuhn, R; Kunne, F; Kurek, K; Lauser, L; Le Goff, J M; Lednev, A A; Lehmann, A; Levorato, S; Lichtenstadt, J; Liska, T; Maggiora, A; Maggiora, M; Magnon, A; Mallot, G K; Mann, A; Marchand, C; Martin, A; Marzec, J; Massmann, F; Matsuda, T; Meyer, W; Michigami, T; Mikhailov, Yu V; Moinester, M A; Mutter, A; Nagaytsev, A; Nagel, T; Nassalski, J; Negrini, T; Nerling, F; Neubert, S; Neyret, D; Nikolaenko, V I; Nunes, A S; Olshevsky, A G; Ostrick, M; Padee, A; Panknin, R; Panzieri, D; Parsamyan, B; Paul, S; Pawlukiewicz-Kaminska, B; Perevalova, E; Pesaro, G; Peshekhonov, D V; Piragino, G; Platchkov, S; Pochodzalla, J; Polak, J; Polyakov, V A; Pontecorvo, G; Pretz, J; Quintans, C; Rajotte, J F; Ramos, S; Rapatsky, V; Reicherz, G; Richter, A; Robinet, F; Rocco, E; Rondio, E; Ryabchikov, D I; Samoylenko, V D; Sandacz, A; Santos, H; Sapozhnikov, M G; Sarkar, S; Savin, I A; Sbrizzai, G; Schiavon, P; Schill, C; Schl�ter, T; Schmitt, L; Schopferer, S; Schr�der, W; Shevchenko, O Yu; Siebert, H W; Silva, L; Sinha, L; Sissakian, A N; Slunecka, M; Smirnov, G I; Sosio, S; Sozzi, F; Srnka, A; Stolarski, M; Sulc, M; Sulej, R; Takekawa, S; Tessaro, S; Tessarotto, F; Teufel, A; Tkatchev, L G; Uhl, S; Uman, I; Virius, M; Vlassov, N V; Vossen, A; Weitzel, Q; Windmolders, R; Wislicki, W; Wollny, H; Zaremba, K; Zavertyaev, M; Zemlyanichkina, E; Ziembicki, M; Zhao, J; Zhuravlev, N; Zvyagin, A; 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1461-9
Computation of azimuthal combustion instabilities in an helicopter combustion chamber
Computation of azimuthal combustion instabilities in an helicopter combustion chamber C. Sensiau to compute azimuthal combustion instabilities is presented. It requires a thermoacoustic model using a n - formulation for the coupling between acoutics and combustion. The parameters n and are computed from a LES
Nicoud, Franck
Feedback Control of Azimuthal Oscillations in ExB Devices --...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Feedback Control of Azimuthal Oscillations in ExB Devices --- Inventor(s) Martin E. Griswold, C. Leland Ellison, Yevgeny Raitses and Nathaniel J. Fisch Disclosed is a new device...
Azimuthal variation of radiation of seismic energy from cast blasts
As part of a series of seismic experiments designed to improve the understanding of the impact of mining blasts on verifying a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, a sixteen station network of three-component seismic sensors were deployed around a large cast shot in the Black Thunder Mine. The seismic stations were placed, where possible, at a range of 2.5 kilometers with a constant inter-station spacing of 22.5 degrees. All of the data were recorded with the seismometers oriented such that the radial component pointed to the middle point of the approximately 2 kilometer long shot. High quality data were recorded at each station. Data were scaled to a range of 2.5 kilometers and the sum of the absolute value of the vertical, radial, and transverse channels computed. These observations were used to construct radiation patterns of the seismic energy propagating from the cast shot. It is obvious that cast shots do not radiate seismic energy isotropically. Most of the vertical motion occurs behind the highwall while radial and transverse components of motion are enhanced in directions parallel to the highwall. These findings have implications for local (0.1 to 15 kilometer range) and possibly for regional (100 to 2,000 kilometer range) seismic observations of cast blasting. Locally, it could be argued that peak particle velocities could be scaled not only by range but also by azimuthal direction from the shot. This result implies that long term planning of pit orientation relative to sensitive structures could mitigate problems with vibration levels from future blasting operations. Regionally, the local radiation pattern may be important in determining the magnitude of large scale cast blasts. Improving the transparency of mining operations to international seismic monitoring systems may be possible with similar considerations.
Pearson, D.C.; Stump, B.W. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Martin, R.L. [Thunder Basin Coal Co., Wright, WY (United States)
Azimuthal modulation of cosmic ray flux as an effect of geomagnetic field in the ARGO-YBJ experiment
The geomagnetic field causes not only the East-West effect on the primary cosmic rays but also affects the trajectories of the secondary charged particles in the shower, causing their lateral distribution to be stretched along certain directions. Thus both the density of the secondaries near the shower axis and the trigger efficiency of a detector array decrease. The effect depends on the age and on the direction of the showers, thus involving the measured azimuthal distribution. Here the non-uniformity of the azimuthal distribution of the reconstructed events in the ARGO-YBJ experiment is deeply investigated for different zenith angles on the light of this effect. The influence of the geomagnetic field as well as geometric effects are studied by means of a Monte Carlo simulation.
Bernardini, P; He, H H; Mancarella, G; Perrone, L; Surdo, A
Influence of momentum and charge conservation on azimuthally sensitive correlations
Charge neutralisation procedure based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is applied to a system of generated hadrons. The algorithm changes the charge of a randomly picked particle by shifting it within its isomultiplet. For baryons changes in both electric charge and baryon number are applied and the algorithm leads to charge and baryon number neutralisation. The procedure can thus be used to study the effects of the local charge and baryon number conservation. We attempt to study these together with the local momentum conservation and their effect on azimuthal correlator observable sensitive to local C and CP violation in quark-gluon plasma.
Zuzana Feckov�; Boris Tom�ik
Trends in Yield and Azimuthal Shape Modification in Dihadron Correlations in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
Fast parton probes produced by hard scattering and embedded within collisions of large nuclei have shown that partons suffer large energy loss and that the produced medium may respond collectively to the lost energy. We present measurements of neutral pion trigger particles at transverse momenta p^t_T = 4-12 GeV/c and associated charged hadrons (p^a_T = 0.5-7 GeV/c) as a function of relative azimuthal angle Delta Phi at midrapidity in Au+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. These data lead to two major observations. First, the relative angular distribution of low momentum hadrons, whose shape modification has been interpreted as a medium response to parton energy loss, is found to be modified only for p^t_T < 7 GeV/c. At higher p^t_T, the data are consistent with unmodified or very weakly modified shapes, even for the lowest measured p^a_T. This observation presents a quantitative challenge to medium response scenarios. Second, the associated yield of hadrons opposite to the trigger particle in Au+Au relative to that in p+p (I_AA) is found to be suppressed at large momentum (IAA ~ 0.35-0.5), but less than the single particle nuclear modification factor (R_AA ~0.2).
A. Adare; S. Afanasiev; C. Aidala; N. N. Ajitanand; Y. Akiba; H. Al-Bataineh; J. Alexander; T. Alho; K. Aoki; L. Aphecetche; Y. Aramaki; J. Asai; E. T. Atomssa; R. Averbeck; T. C. Awes; B. Azmoun; V. Babintsev; M. Bai; G. Baksay; L. Baksay; A. Baldisseri; K. N. Barish; P. D. Barnes; B. Bassalleck; A. T. Basye; S. Bathe; S. Batsouli; V. Baublis; C. Baumann; A. Bazilevsky; S. Belikov; R. Belmont; R. Bennett; A. Berdnikov; Y. Berdnikov; A. A. Bickley; J. G. Boissevain; J. S. Bok; H. Borel; K. Boyle; M. L. Brooks; H. Buesching; V. Bumazhnov; G. Bunce; S. Butsyk; C. M. Camacho; S. Campbell; B. S. Chang; W. C. Chang; J. -L. Charvet; C. -H. Chen; S. Chernichenko; C. Y. Chi; M. Chiu; I. J. Choi; R. K. Choudhury; P. Christiansen; T. Chujo; P. Chung; A. Churyn; O. Chvala; V. Cianciolo; Z. Citron; B. A. Cole; M. Connors; P. Constantin; M. Csan�d; T. Cs�rg?; T. Dahms; S. Dairaku; I. Danchev; K. Das; A. Datta; G. David; A. Denisov; D. d'Enterria; A. Deshpande; E. J. Desmond; O. Dietzsch; A. Dion; M. Donadelli; O. Drapier; A. Drees; K. A. Drees; A. K. Dubey; M. Durham; A. Durum; D. Dutta; V. Dzhordzhadze; S. Edwards; Y. V. Efremenko; F. Ellinghaus; T. Engelmore; A. Enokizono; H. En'yo; S. Esumi; K. O. Eyser; B. Fadem; D. E. Fields; M. Finger; \\, Jr.; M. Finger; F. Fleuret; S. L. Fokin; Z. Fraenkel; J. E. Frantz; A. Franz; A. D. Frawley; K. Fujiwara; Y. Fukao; T. Fusayasu; I. Garishvili; A. Glenn; H. Gong; M. Gonin; J. Gosset; Y. Goto; R. Granier de Cassagnac; N. Grau; S. V. Greene; M. Grosse Perdekamp; T. Gunji; H. -�. Gustafsson; A. Hadj Henni; J. S. Haggerty; I. Hahn; H. Hamagaki; J. Hamblen; J. Hanks; R. Han; E. P. Hartouni; K. Haruna; E. Haslum; R. Hayano; M. Heffner; S. Hegyi; T. K. Hemmick; T. Hester; X. He; J. C. Hill; M. Hohlmann; W. Holzmann; K. Homma; B. Hong; T. Horaguchi; D. Hornback; S. Huang; T. Ichihara; R. Ichimiya; J. Ide; Y. Ikeda; K. Imai; J. Imrek; M. Inaba; D. Isenhower; M. Ishihara; T. Isobe; M. Issah; A. Isupov; D. Ivanischev; B. V. Jacak; J. Jia; J. Jin; B. M. Johnson; K. S. Joo; D. Jouan; D. S. Jumper; F. Kajihara; S. Kametani; N. Kamihara; J. Kamin; J. H. Kang; J. Kapustinsky; D. Kawall; M. Kawashima; A. V. Kazantsev; T. Kempel; A. Khanzadeev; K. M. Kijima; J. Kikuchi; B. I. Kim; D. H. Kim; D. J. Kim; E. -J. Kim; E. Kim; S. H. Kim; Y. J. Kim; E. Kinney; K. Kiriluk; A. Kiss; E. Kistenev; J. Klay; C. Klein-Boesing; L. Kochenda; B. Komkov; M. Konno; J. Koster; D. Kotchetkov; A. Kozlov; A. Kr�l; A. Kravitz; G. J. Kunde; K. Kurita; M. Kurosawa; M. J. Kweon; Y. Kwon; G. S. Kyle; R. Lacey; Y. S. Lai; J. G. Lajoie; D. Layton; A. Lebedev; D. M. Lee; J. Lee; K. B. Lee; K. Lee; K. S. Lee; T. Lee; M. J. Leitch; M. A. L. Leite; E. Leitner; B. Lenzi; P. Liebing; L. A. Linden Levy; T. Li�ka; A. Litvinenko; H. Liu; M. X. Liu; X. Li; B. Love; R. Luechtenborg; D. Lynch; C. F. Maguire; Y. I. Makdisi; A. Malakhov; M. D. Malik; V. I. Manko; E. Mannel; Y. Mao; L. Ma�ek; H. Masui; F. Matathias; M. McCumber; P. L. McGaughey; N. Means; B. Meredith; Y. Miake; A. Mignerey; P. Mike�; K. Miki; A. Milov; M. Mishra; J. T. Mitchell; A. K. Mohanty; Y. Morino; A. Morreale; D. P. Morrison; T. V. Moukhanova; D. Mukhopadhyay; J. Murata; S. Nagamiya; J. L. Nagle; M. Naglis; M. I. Nagy; I. Nakagawa; Y. Nakamiya; T. Nakamura; K. Nakano; J. Newby; M. Nguyen; T. Niita; R. Nouicer; A. S. Nyanin; E. O'Brien; S. X. Oda; C. A. Ogilvie; H. Okada; K. Okada; M. Oka; Y. Onuki; A. Oskarsson; M. Ouchida; K. Ozawa; R. Pak; A. P. T. Palounek; V. Pantuev; V. Papavassiliou; I. Park; J. Park; S. K. Park; W. J. Park; S. F. Pate; H. Pei; J. -C. Peng; H. Pereira; V. Peresedov; D. Yu. Peressounko; C. Pinkenburg; R. P. Pisani; M. Proissl; M. L. Purschke; A. K. Purwar; H. Qu; J. Rak; A. Rakotozafindrabe; I. Ravinovich; K. F. Read; S. Rembeczki; K. Reygers; V. Riabov; Y. Riabov; E. Richardson; D. Roach; G. Roche; S. D. Rolnick; M. Rosati; C. A. Rosen; S. S. E. Rosendahl; P. Rosnet; P. Rukoyatkin; P. Ru�i?ka; V. L. Rykov; B. Sahlmueller; N. Saito; T. Sakaguchi; S. Sakai; K. Sakashita; V. Samsonov; S. Sano; T. Sato; S. Sawada; K. Sedgwick; J. Seele; R. Seidl; A. Yu. Semenov; V. Semenov; R. Seto; D. Sharma; I. Shein; T. -A. Shibata; K. Shigaki; M. Shimomura; K. Shoji; P. Shukla; A. Sickles; C. L. Silva; D. Silvermyr; C. Silvestre; K. S. Sim; B. K. Singh; C. P. Singh; V. Singh; M. Slune?ka; A. Soldatov; R. A. Soltz; W. E. Sondheim; S. P. Sorensen; I. V. Sourikova; N. A. Sparks; F. Staley; P. W. Stankus; E. Stenlund; M. Stepanov; A. Ster; S. P. Stoll; T. Sugitate; C. Suire; A. Sukhanov; J. Sziklai; E. M. Takagui; A. Taketani; R. Tanabe; Y. Tanaka; K. Tanida; M. J. Tannenbaum; S. Tarafdar; A. Taranenko; P. Tarj�n; H. Themann; T. L. Thomas; M. Togawa; A. Toia; L. Tom�ek; Y. Tomita; H. Torii; R. S. Towell; V-N. Tram; I. Tserruya; Y. Tsuchimoto; C. Vale; H. Valle; H. W. van Hecke; E. Vazquez-Zambrano; A. Veicht; J. Velkovska; R. Vertesi
An Integrating Velocity�Azimuth Process Single-Doppler Radar Wind Retrieval Method
Among the single-Doppler radar wind analysis methods, the velocity�azimuth display (VAD), velocity�azimuth process (VAP), and uniform-wind (UW) methods are widely used because of their simplicity. This paper shows that the VAD, VAP, and UW ...
Xudong Liang
BETA-RAY SPECTROMETER DESIGN EMPLOYING AZIMUTHALLY VARYING MAGNETIC FIELDSBETA-RAY SPECTROMETER DESIGN EMPLOYING AZIMUTHALLY VARYING MAGNETIC FIELDSfield of the present type. UCRL-16802 Introduction In attempting to find an efficient magnetic beta-
Bergkvist, Karl-Erik
Off-Angle Iris Correction using a Biological Model
This work implements an eye model to simulate corneal refraction effects. Using this model, ray tracing is performed to calculate transforms to remove refractive effects in off-angle iris images when reprojected to a frontal view. The correction process is used as a preprocessing step for off-angle iris images for input to a commercial matcher. With this method, a match score distribution mean improvement of 11.65% for 30 degree images, 44.94% for 40 degree images, and 146.1% improvement for 50 degree images is observed versus match score distributions with unmodi ed images.
Thompson, Joseph T [ORNL; Santos-Villalobos, Hector J [ORNL; Karakaya, Mahmut [ORNL; Barstow, Del R [ORNL; Bolme, David S [ORNL; Boehnen, Chris Bensing [ORNL
Matching collector's azimuthal orientation and energy demand profile for thermosyphonic systems
When a load profile is given, a thermosyphonic solar water heater's collector's azimuthal orientation should be considered as a parameter for maximizing the system's performance. This is demonstrated by simulating such a system with various azimuthal collectors orientation subjected to a single fixed or a daily routine load during the day. The results indicate that the system performance, which is measured here by the average (or mixed-cup) temperature of the withdrawn load, could be improved appreciably by a proper match between the collector's azimuthal orientation and the specifics of the load profiles.
Sokolov, M.; Vaxman, M. (Tel Aviv Univ. (Israel). School of Engineering)
Negative azimuthal force of a nanofiber-guided light on a particle
We calculate the force of a quasicircularly polarized guided light field of a nanofiber on a dielectric spherical particle. We show that the orbital parts of the axial and azimuthal components of the Poynting vector are always positive while the spin parts can be either positive or negative. We find that, for appropriate values of the size parameter of the particle, the azimuthal component of the force is directed oppositely to the circulation direction of the energy flow around the nanofiber. The occurrence of such a negative azimuthal force indicates that the particle undergoes a negative torque.
Kien, Fam Le
Zero Degree Experiment
Detection Abstract Perhaps the most poorly understood aspect of hadron physics at Collider energies is particle production at very small angles. The fact that we know so little...
Steady and unsteady dynamics of an azimuthing podded propulsor related to vehicle maneuvering
While the implementation of azimuthing propulsors powered by internal electric motors (often called "podded propulsors") into the commercial ship market has been swift, the understanding of their hydrodynamics through ...
Stettler, Jeffrey W. (Jeffrey Wayne)
Wavenumber Analysis of Azimuthally Distributed Data: Assessing Maximum Allowable Gap Size
Performing wavenumber decomposition on azimuthally distributed data such as those in tropical cyclones can be challenging when data gaps exist in the signal. In the literature, ad hoc approaches are found to determine maximum gap size beyond which ...
Sylvie Lorsolo; Altu? Aksoy
Comprehensive fracture diagnostics experiment. Part II. Comparison of seven fracture azimuth measurements
A great deal of effort has been devoted recently to find geophysical techniques for measuring the hydraulic fracture azimuth. This paper discusses a comparison of seven different measurements used to determine the azimuth in a sandstone formation at a depth of 1000 ft (320 m). The azimuth was determined as N95E, but significant differences existed between some of the results. This is of fundamental importance since in developing new measurements, the limits of these must be found and honored. Of particular interest are the results from microseismic monitoring. The lack of results suggests that remote (e.g., surface) monitoring for seismic events may be impractical for normal, sedimentary, hydrocarbon-bearing formations. 33 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.
Smith, M.B.; Ren, N.K.; Sorrells, G.G.; Teufel, L.W.
Spinning angle optical calibration apparatus
DOE Patents (OSTI)
An optical calibration apparatus is provided for calibrating and reproducing spinning angles in cross-polarization, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An illuminated magnifying apparatus enables optical setting an accurate reproducing of spinning "magic angles" in cross-polarization, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments. A reference mark scribed on an edge of a spinning angle test sample holder is illuminated by a light source and viewed through a magnifying scope. When the "magic angle" of a sample material used as a standard is attained by varying the angular position of the sample holder, the coordinate position of the reference mark relative to a graduation or graduations on a reticle in the magnifying scope is noted. Thereafter, the spinning "magic angle" of a test material having similar nuclear properties to the standard is attained by returning the sample holder back to the originally noted coordinate position.
Beer, Stephen K. (Morgantown, WV); Pratt, II, Harold R. (Morgantown, WV)
An optical calibration apparatus is provided for calibrating and reproducing spinning angles in cross-polarization, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An illuminated magnifying apparatus enables optical setting and accurate reproducing of spinning magic angles in cross-polarization, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments. A reference mark scribed on an edge of a spinning angle test sample holder is illuminated by a light source and viewed through a magnifying scope. When the magic angle of a sample material used as a standard is attained by varying the angular position of the sample holder, the coordinate position of the reference mark relative to a graduation or graduations on a reticle in the magnifying scope is noted. Thereafter, the spinning magic angle of a test material having similar nuclear properties to the standard is attained by returning the sample holder back to the originally noted coordinate position. 2 figs.
Beer, S.K.; Pratt, H.R. II.
Degree Services Registrar's Office
Degree Services Registrar's Office Name (please print Fund. of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier (1) _____ CM/ENT 3978 Hydrogen Measurements Laboratory (1/SS 4520 Sustainable Futures II (3)* _____ ENT 3956 Industrial Health and Safety (2)* _____ ENT 3975 Intro
Radiation Dry Bias in the TWP-ICE Radiosonde Soundings Solar Zenith Angle Correction Factor
Radiation Dry Bias in the TWP-ICE Radiosonde Soundings Radiation Dry Bias in the TWP-ICE Radiosonde Soundings Solar Zenith Angle Correction Factor Figure 3: Ratio of MWR TCWV to radiosonde derived TCWV, and the solar zenith angle at the radiosonde launch time (black dots). The dry bias observed in sonde TCWV values is mainly attributable to a dry RH bias near the surface The red dots show the 1000 hPa RH correction factors suggested by Voemel et al for sondes launched near noon (10-30 degree solar zenith angle), and at night time (90 degree zenith angle). The green line shows a modified RH correction factor which is a function of the solar zenith angle. ● During the day-time, the TCWV bias is significantly smaller when the zenith angle correction is applied than when no correction, or only the Crad and Ccal corrections are applied.
Evaluation of LOWTRAN and MODTRAN for use over high zenith angle/long path length viewing.
??LOWTRAN and MODTRAN were evaluated in the 2.0-5.5 micron region against field collection data at high zenith angle/long path lengths to determine the degree of� (more)
Wright, Jonathan
Molecular Biology DEGREE PROGRAMME
BSc (Hons) Molecular Biology DEGREE PROGRAMME GUIDE 2013-2014 #12;BSc (Hons) Molecular Biology - Year 2 - Year 3 - Year 4 Introduction Molecular biology aims to understand living systems by focusing on the molecular components upon which they are built. Molecular biology is one of great successes of 20th century
Siddharthan, Advaith
Determination of the Azimuthal Asymmetry of Deuteron Photodisintegration in the Energy Region E{sub {gamma}} = 1.1 - 2.3 GeV
Deuteron photodisintegration is a benchmark process for the investigation of the role of quarks and gluons in nuclei. Existing theoretical models of this process describe the available cross sections with the same degree of success. Therefore, spin-dependent observables are crucial for a better understanding of the underlying dynamical mechanisms. However, data on the induced polarization (P{sub y}), along with the polarization transfers (C{sub x'} and C{sub z'} ), have been shown to be insensitive to differences between theoretical models. On the other hand, the beam-spin asymmetry {Sigma} is predicted to have a large sensitivity and is expected to help in identifying the energy at which the transition from the hadronic to the quark-gluon picture of the deuteron takes place. Here, the work done to determine the experimental values of the beam-spin asymmetry in deuteron photodisintegration for photon energies between 1.1 ? 2.3 GeV is presented. The data were taken with the CLAS at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility during the g13 experiment. Photons with linear polarization of ~80% were produced using the coherent bremsstrahlung facility in Hall B. The work done by the author to calibrate a specific detector system, select deuteron photodisintegration events, study the degree of photon polarization, and finally determine the azimuthal asymmetry and any systematic uncertainties associate with it, is comprehensively explained. This work shows that the collected data provide the kinematic coverage and statistics to test the available QCD-based models. The results of this study show that the available theoretical models in their current state do not adequately predict the azimuthal asymmetry in the energy region 1.1 ? 2.3 GeV.
Nicholas Zachariou
Azimuthal decorrelations and multiple parton interactions in photon+2 jet and photon+3 jet events in ppbar collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
Samples of inclusive {gamma} + 2 jet and {gamma} + 3 jet events collected by the D0 experiment with an integrated luminosity of about 1 fb{sup -1} in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV are used to measure cross sections as a function of the angle in the plane transverse to the beam direction between the transverse momentum (p{sub T}) of the {gamma} + leading jet system (jets are ordered in p{sub T}) and p{sub T} of the other jet for {gamma} + 2 jet, or p{sub T} sum of the two other jets for {gamma} + 3 jet events. The results are compared to different models of multiple parton interactions (MPI) in the pythia and sherpa Monte Carlo (MC) generators. The data indicate a contribution from events with double parton (DP) interactions and are well described by predictions provided by the pythia MPI models with p{sub T}-ordered showers and by sherpa with the default MPI model. The {gamma} + 2 jet data are also used to determine the fraction of events with DP interactions as a function of the azimuthal angle and as a function of the second jet p{sub T}.
Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich; /Dubna, JINR; Abbott, Braden Keim; /Oklahoma U.; Acharya, Bannanje Sripath; /Tata Inst.; Adams, Mark Raymond; /Illinois U., Chicago; Adams, Todd; /Florida State U.; Alexeev, Guennadi D.; /Dubna, JINR; Alkhazov, Georgiy D.; /St. Petersburg, INP; Alton, Andrew K.; /Michigan U. /Augustana Coll., Sioux Falls; Alverson, George O.; /Northeastern U.; Alves, Gilvan Augusto; /Rio de Janeiro, CBPF; Ancu, Lucian Stefan; /Nijmegen U. /Serpukhov, IHEP
Measurement of J/? Azimuthal Anisotropy in Au+Au Collisions at ?s[subscript NN]=200??GeV
The measurement of J/? azimuthal anisotropy is presented as a function of transverse momentum for different centralities in Au+Au collisions at ?s[subscript NN]=200??GeV. The measured J/? elliptic flow is consistent with ...
Balewski, Jan T.
Definition: Angle of incidence | Open Energy Information
Angle of incidence Angle of incidence Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Angle of incidence In reference to solar energy systems: the angle a ray of sun makes with a line perpendicular to a surface; for example, a surface directly facing the sun has an angle of incidence of zero, and a surface parallel to the sun (such as a sunrise striking a horizontal rooftop) has an angle of incidence of 90°. Sunlight with an incident angle of 90° tends to be absorbed, while lower angles tend to be reflected.[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Angle of incidence is a measure of deviation of something from "straight on", for example: in the approach of a ray to a surface, or the angle at which the wing or horizontal tail of an airplane is installed on the fuselage, measured relative to the axis of the fuselage.
Building Energy Software Tools Directory : SunAngle Professional...
SunAngle Professional Suite Back to Tool SunAngle Excel screenshot SunAngle Java screenshot SunAngle technical manual...
Heating Degree Days
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Heating Degree Days Heating Degree Days New England ................ 2,626 737 115 2,062 3,105 849 159 2,247 3,184 872 136 2,180 5,541 6,359 6,373 Middle Atlantic .............. 2,326 576 85 1,899 2,906 672 123 2,041 2,924 682 90 1,986 4,886 5,742 5,682 E. N. Central ................. 2,440 621 139 2,150 3,279 772 119 2,343 3,141 726 129 2,230 5,350 6,514 6,227 W. N. Central ................ 2,515 520 143 2,360 3,424 908 103 2,541 3,216 677 152 2,404 5,539 6,976 6,450 South Atlantic ............... 1,129 168 16 992 1,513 217 21 1,059 1,466 202 16 1,010 2,306 2,809 2,695 E. S. Central ................. 1,361 180 28 1,326 1,939 289 16 1,430 1,839 245 23 1,336 2,896 3,675 3,443 W. S. Central ................ 913 38 3 729 1,189 141 2 909 1,150 83 5 821 1,682 2,239 2,060 Mountain ....................... 2,063 542 98 1,741 2,430 689 101 1,885 2,189 642 130 1,817 4,444
Away-side azimuthal distribution in a Markovian parton scattering model
An event generator is constructed on the basis of a model of multiple scattering of partons so that the trajectory of a parton traversing a dense and expanding medium can be tracked. The parameters in the code are adjusted to fit the \\Delta\\phi azimuthal distribution on the far side when the trigger momentum is in the non-perturbative region, p_T(trigger)trigger momentum with \\pt(trigger) >8 GeV/c, the model reproduces the single-peak structure observed by STAR without invoking any new dynamical mechanism.
Charles B. Chiu; Rudolph C. Hwa
Multiplicity dependence of two-particle azimuthal correlations in pp collisions at the LHC
We present the measurements of particle pair yields per trigger particle obtained from di-hadron azimuthal correlations in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector. The yields are studied as a function of the charged particle multiplicity. Taken together with the single particle yields the pair yields provide information about parton fragmentation at low transverse momenta, as well as on the contribution of multiple parton interactions to particle production. Data are compared to calculations using the PYTHIA6, PYTHIA8, and PHOJET event generators.
ALICE Collaboration
Methods for magnetic resonance analysis using magic angle technique
Methods of performing a magnetic resonance analysis of a biological object are disclosed that include placing the object in a main magnetic field (that has a static field direction) and in a radio frequency field; rotating the object at a frequency of less than about 100 Hz around an axis positioned at an angle of about 54.degree.44' relative to the main magnetic static field direction; pulsing the radio frequency to provide a sequence that includes a phase-corrected magic angle turning pulse segment; and collecting data generated by the pulsed radio frequency. In particular embodiments the method includes pulsing the radio frequency to provide at least two of a spatially selective read pulse, a spatially selective phase pulse, and a spatially selective storage pulse. Further disclosed methods provide pulse sequences that provide extended imaging capabilities, such as chemical shift imaging or multiple-voxel data acquisition.
Hu, Jian Zhi (Richland, WA); Wind, Robert A. (Kennewick, WA); Minard, Kevin R. (Kennewick, WA); Majors, Paul D. (Kennewick, WA)
Economic Recovery of Oil Trapped at Fan Margins Using High Angle Wells Multiple Hydraulic Fractures
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. A high-angle well will be drilled in the fan-margin portion of a slope-basin clastic reservoir and will be completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. Geologic modeling, reservoir characterization, and fine-grid reservoir simulation will be used to select the well location and orientation. Design parameters for the hydraulic-fracture treatments will be determined, in part, by fracturing an existing test well. Fracture azimuth will be predicted by passive seismic monitoring of a fracture-stimulation treatment in the test well using logging tools in an offset well.
Mike L. Laue
Exploration of jet energy loss via direct $?$-charged particle azimuthal correlation measurements
The multiplicities of charged particles azimuthally associated with direct photons and $\\pi^{0}$ have been measured for Au+Au, p+p, and d+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV in the STAR experiment. Charged particles with transverse momentum 0.5 $direct photons and $\\pi^{0}$ of high transverse momentum 8 $direct $\\gamma$ in central Au+Au relative to p+p and d+Au are similar and constant with direct photon fractional energy $z_{T}$ ($z_{T}=p_{T}^{h^{\\pm}}/p_{T}^{\\gamma}$). The measured suppressions of the associated yields with direct $\\gamma$ are comparable to those with $\\pi^{0}$. The data are compared to theoretical predictions.
A. M. Hamed
Multiparticle azimuthal correlations of negative pions in nucleus-nucleus collisions
Multiparticle azimuthal correlations of {pi}{sup -} mesons have been studied in dC, HeC, CC, CNe, MgMg, (d, He)Ta, CCu, CTa, and OPb collisions at momentum of 4.2, 4.5 GeV/c per nucleon within the standard transverse momentum analysis method of P. Danielewicz and G. Odyniec. The data were obtained by SKM-200-GIBS and Propane Bubble Chamber Collaborations of JINR. The axis has been selected in the phase space and with respect to this axis {pi}{sup -} meson correlations were observed. The values of the coefficient of the correlations linearly depend on the mass numbers of projectile (A{sub P}) and target (A{sub T}) nuclei. The Quark-Gluon String Model satisfactorily describes the experimental results.
Chkhaidze, L. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Djobava, T. D.; Kharkhelauri, L. L. [Tbilisi State University, High Energy Physics Institute (Georgia); Kladnitskaya, E. N. [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russian Federation)
Azimuthal single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on a transversely polarised hydrogen target
Azimuthal single-spin asymmetries (SSA) in semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions and kaons in deep-inelastic scattering of positrons on a transversely polarised hydrogen target were observed. SSA amplitudes for both the Collins and the Sivers mechanism are presented.
Markus Diefenthaler
Recent Measurements of the cos( n? h ( Azimuthal Modulations of the Unpolarized Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross?section at HERMES
The cross section for hadron production in deep?inelastic lepton scattering contains azimuthal modulations which can be related to transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distribution and fragmentation functions. The former provide a picture of how the quarks are moving within nucleons. Specifically
Rebecca Lamb; Francesca Giordano; on behalf of the HERMES Collaboration
The Inflow to Tropical Cyclone Humberto (2001) as Viewed with Azimuth�Height Surfaces over Three Days
The deployment of 228 global positioning system dropwindsondes (GPS sondes), over three consecutive days in Tropical Cyclone Humberto (2001), allows for the creation of azimuth�height (�z) surfaces from sea level to 3-km altitude at 0.25� and 0.5�...
Gary M. Barnes; Klaus P. Dolling
Importance of Low-Angle Grain Boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7-? Coated Conductors
behaviour of single grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7?? with an emphasis on those with misorientation angles less than 10 degrees. This cutoff is chosen following the work of Redwing and Heinig [65, 7] who showed, with some variation with magnetic field...
Durrell, John H; Rutter, Noel Anthony
Ray-tracing studies for a whole-viewing-angle retroreflector
The APS Survey and Alignment team uses LEICA laser trackers for the majority of their alignment tasks. These instruments utilize several different retroreflectors for tracking the path of the laser interferometer. Currently in use are open-air corner cubes with an acceptance angle of {+-}20{degree}, corner cube prisms with an acceptance angle of {+-}50{degree}, and a Cat's eye with an acceptance angle of {+-}60{degree}. Best measurement results can be achieved by using an open-air corner cube that eliminates the need for the laser beam to travel through a different medium before it returns to the instrument detector. However, the trade off is a small acceptance angle. In order to overcome the limitations of the small acceptance angles, Takatsuji et al. has proposed the creation of a full-viewing-angle retroreflector. Based on the notion that the radius R{sub 1} of a common Cat's eye is proportional to R{sub 2}, one can write: R{sub 1} = (n {minus} 1)R{sub 2}. In the case that n, the refractive index of glass, equals 2, the radii R{sub 1} and R{sub 2} are identical, and one can create a solid sphere Cat's eye. This design has the advantages that no adhesives are used to bond the two hemispheres together, misalignments between the hemispheres are not an issue, and most importantly, larger acceptance angles are possible. This paper shows the results of their ray tracing calculations characterizing the geometrical optics.
Yang, B.; Friedsam, H.
Orientation Angles of a Pulsar's Polarization Vector
A statistical model of the polarization of pulsar radio emission is used to derive the general statistics of a polarization vector's orientation angles. The theoretical distributions are compared with orientation angle histograms computed from single-pulse, polarization observations of PSR B2020+28. The favorable agreement between the theoretical and measured distributions lends support to the underlying assumptions of the statistical model, and demonstrates, like recent work on other pulsars, that the handedness of circular polarization is associated with the radiation's orthogonally polarized modes. Comprehensive directional statistics of the vector's orientation angles are also derived, and are shown to follow the Watson bipolar and Fisher distributions in its limiting forms.
Mark M. McKinnon
2degrees | Open Energy Information
degrees degrees Jump to: navigation, search Name 2degrees Place Oxford, England, United Kingdom Zip OX2 7HT Product Oxford-based collaborative network provider for sustainability professionals. Coordinates 43.781517°, -89.571699° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.781517,"lon":-89.571699,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Transient stability enhancement of electric power generating systems by 120-degree phase rotation
A method and system for enhancing the transient stability of an intertied three-phase electric power generating system. A set of power exporting generators (10) is connected to a set of power importing generators (20). When a transient cannot be controlled by conventional stability controls, and imminent loss of synchronism is detected (such as when the equivalent rotor angle difference between the two generator sets exceeds a predetermined value, such as 150 degrees), the intertie is disconnected by circuit breakers. Then a switch (30) having a 120-degree phase rotation, or a circuit breaker having a 120-degree phase rotation is placed in the intertie. The intertie is then reconnected. This results in a 120-degree reduction in the equivalent rotor angle difference between the two generator sets, making the system more stable and allowing more time for the conventional controls to stabilize the transient.
Cresap, Richard L. (Portland, OR); Taylor, Carson W. (Portland, OR); Kreipe, Michael J. (Portland, OR)
New-generation absolute angle sensors
This paper describes new schemes for absolute angle sensors designed on the modern element base (megapixel CCD- and CMOS-matrices). In these schemes communication between a measured object and a receiving module is organized through an optical channel ...
Yu. A. Grodetskii; Yu. E. Dukarevich; Yu. M. Ivanov
A Practical Pyrgeometer Using the Representative Angle
A simple directional pyrgeometer is tested and compared with a conventional standard pyrgeometer. The system presented in this article has a narrow directional response and points to the representative zenith angle of 52.5�. Because of its ...
Satoshi Sakai; Aya Ito; Kazuhiro Umetani; Isao Iizawa; Masanori Onishi
Engineering and design Taught degrees
in Mechanical Engineering MSc in Satellite Communication Systems MSc in Sustainable Energy Technology Research, mathematics, physics or an applied science. Also refer to Applicant profile, listed with relevant course in Mechanical Engineering, the MSc in Sustainable Energy Technology or a research degree, we must receive your
Sussex, University of
3Degrees | Open Energy Information
Degrees Degrees Jump to: navigation, search Logo: 3Degrees Name 3Degrees Address 2 Embarcadero Center Suite 2950 Place San Francisco, California Zip 94111 Sector Bioenergy, Buildings, Carbon, Geothermal energy, Services, Solar, Wind energy Product Environmental Commodities Year founded 2007 Number of employees 51-200 Phone number 415.449.0500 Website http://www.3degreesinc.com/ Coordinates 37.7983181°, -122.4000032° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":37.7983181,"lon":-122.4000032,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. A high-angle well will be drilled in the fan-margin portion of a slope-basin clastic reservoir and will be completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. Geologic modeling, reservoir characterization, and fine-grid reservoir simulation will be used to select the well location and orientation. Design parameters for the hydraulic-fracture treatments will be determined, in part, by fracturing an existing test well. Fracture azimuth will be predicted by passive seismic monitoring of a fracture-stimulation treatment in the test well using logging tools in an offset well. The long radius, near horizontal well was drilled during the first quarter of 1996. Well conditions resulted in the 7 in. production liner sticking approximately 900 ft off bottom. Therefore, a 5 in. production liner was necessary to case this portion of the target formation. Swept-out sand intervals and a poor cement bond behind the 5 in. liner precluded two of the three originally planned hydraulic fracture treatments. As a result, all pay intervals behind the 5 in. liner were perforated and stimulated with a non-acid reactive fluid. Following a short production period, the remaining pay intervals in the well (behind the 7 in. liner) were perforated. The well was returned to production to observe production trends and pressure behavior and assess the need to stimulate the new perforations.
Graded index and randomly oriented core-shell silicon nanowires with broadband and wide angle antireflection for photovoltaic cell applications
Antireflection with broadband and wide angle properties is important for a wide range of applications on photovoltaic cells and display. The SiOx shell layer provides a natural antireflection from air to the Si core absorption layer. In this work, we have demonstrated the random core-shell silicon nanowires with both broadband (from 400nm to 900nm) and wide angle (from normal incidence to 60\\degree) antireflection characteristics within AM1.5 solar spectrum. The graded index structure from the randomly oriented core-shell (Air/SiOx/Si) nanowires may provide a potential avenue to realize a broadband and wide angle antireflection layer.
Pignalosa, P; Qiao, L; Tseng, M; Yi, Yasha
Six degree of freedom sensor
This small, non-contact optical sensor increases the capability and flexibility of computer controlled machines by detecting its relative position to a workpiece in all six degrees of freedom (DOF). At a fraction of the cost, it is over 200 times faster and up to 25 times more accurate than competing 3-DOF sensors. Applications range from flexible manufacturing to a 6-DOF mouse for computers. Until now, highly agile and accurate machines have been limited by their inability to adjust to changes in their tasks. By enabling them to sense all six degrees of position, these machines can now adapt to new and complicated tasks without human intervention or delay--simplifying production, reducing costs, and enhancing the value and capability of flexible manufacturing.
Vann, Charles S. (Fremont, CA)
This small, non-contact optical sensor increases the capability and flexibility of computer controlled machines by detecting its relative position to a workpiece in all six degrees of freedom (DOF). At a fraction of the cost, it is over 200 times faster and up to 25 times more accurate than competing 3-DOF sensors. Applications range from flexible manufacturing to a 6-DOF mouse for computers. Until now, highly agile and accurate machines have been limited by their inability to adjust to changes in their tasks. By enabling them to sense all six degrees of position, these machines can now adapt to new and complicated tasks without human intervention or delay--simplifying production, reducing costs, and enhancing the value and capability of flexible manufacturing. 3 figs.
Vann, C.S.
Elevation angle alignment of quasi optical receiver mirrors of collective Thomson scattering diagnostic by sawtooth measurements
Localized measurements of the fast ion velocity distribution function and the plasma composition measurements are of significant interest for the fusion community. Collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostics allow such measurements with spatial and temporal resolution. Localized measurements require a good alignment of the optical path in the transmission line. Monitoring the alignment during the experiment greatly benefits the confidence in the CTS measurements. An in situ technique for the assessment of the elevation angle alignment of the receiver is developed. Using the CTS diagnostic on TEXTOR without a source of probing radiation in discharges with sawtooth oscillations, an elevation angle misalignment of 0.9 Degree-Sign was found with an accuracy of 0.25 Degree-Sign .
Moseev, D. [FOM DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Association EURATOM-FOM, Nieuwegein (Netherlands); Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Euratom Association-IPP, 85748 Garching (Germany); Meo, F.; Korsholm, S. B.; Leipold, F.; Michelsen, P. K.; Nielsen, S. K.; Salewski, M.; Stejner, M. [Association EURATOM - DTU, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Riso Campus, 4000 Roskilde (Denmark); Bindslev, H. [Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C (Denmark); Furtula, V. [Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg (Sweden); Kantor, M. [FOM DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Association EURATOM-FOM, Nieuwegein (Netherlands); FZ Juelich GmbH, EURATOM, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Juelich (Germany); Ioffe Institute, RAS, Saint Petersburg 194021 (Russian Federation)
Gaze Estimation for Off-Angle Iris Recognition Based on the Biometric Eye Model
Iris recognition is among the highest accuracy biometrics. However, its accuracy relies on controlled high quality capture data and is negatively affected by several factors such as angle, occlusion, and dilation. Non-ideal iris recognition is a new research focus in biometrics. In this paper, we present a gaze estimation method designed for use in an off-angle iris recognition framework based on the ANONYMIZED biometric eye model. Gaze estimation is an important prerequisite step to correct an off-angle iris images. To achieve the accurate frontal reconstruction of an off-angle iris image, we first need to estimate the eye gaze direction from elliptical features of an iris image. Typically additional information such as well-controlled light sources, head mounted equipment, and multiple cameras are not available. Our approach utilizes only the iris and pupil boundary segmentation allowing it to be applicable to all iris capture hardware. We compare the boundaries with a look-up-table generated by using our biologically inspired biometric eye model and find the closest feature point in the look-up-table to estimate the gaze. Based on the results from real images, the proposed method shows effectiveness in gaze estimation accuracy for our biometric eye model with an average error of approximately 3.5 degrees over a 50 degree range.
Karakaya, Mahmut [ORNL; Barstow, Del R [ORNL; Santos-Villalobos, Hector J [ORNL; Thompson, Joseph W [ORNL; Bolme, David S [ORNL; Boehnen, Chris Bensing [ORNL
Discrete magic angle turning system, apparatus, and process for in situ magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging
Described are a "Discrete Magic Angle Turning" (DMAT) system, devices, and processes that combine advantages of both magic angle turning (MAT) and magic angle hopping (MAH) suitable, e.g., for in situ magnetic resonance spectroscopy and/or imaging. In an exemplary system, device, and process, samples are rotated in a clockwise direction followed by an anticlockwise direction of exactly the same amount. Rotation proceeds through an angle that is typically greater than about 240 degrees but less than or equal to about 360 degrees at constant speed for a time applicable to the evolution dimension. Back and forth rotation can be synchronized and repeated with a special radio frequency (RF) pulse sequence to produce an isotropic-anisotropic shift 2D correlation spectrum. The design permits tubes to be inserted into the sample container without introducing plumbing interferences, further allowing control over such conditions as temperature, pressure, flow conditions, and feed compositions, thus permitting true in-situ investigations to be carried out.
Hu, Jian Zhi (Richland, WA); Sears, Jr., Jesse A. (Kennewick, WA); Hoyt, David W. (Richland, WA); Wind, Robert A. (Kennewick, WA)
Head shock vs Mach cone: azimuthal correlations from 2 to 3 parton processes in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
We study the energy-momentum deposited by fast moving partons within a medium using linearized viscous hydrodynamics. The particle distribution produced by this energy-momentum is computed using the Cooper-Frye formalism. We show that for the conditions arising in heavy-ion collisions, energy momentum is preferentially deposited along the head shock of the fast moving partons. We also show that the double hump in the away-side of azimuthal correlations can be produced by two (instead of one) away-side partons that deposit their energy-momentum along their directions of motion. These partons are originated in the in-medium hard scattering in 2 to 3 processes. We compare the results of the analysis to azimuthal angular correlations from PHENIX and show that the calculation reproduces the data systematics of a decreasing away-side correlation when the momentum of the associated hadron becomes closer to the momentum of the leading hadron. This scenario seems to avoid the shortcomings of the Mach cone as the origin of the double-hump structure in the away-side
Alejandro Ayala; Isabel Dominguez; Maria Elena Tejeda-Yeomans
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: SunAngle Professional Suite
Band gap enhancement of glancing angle deposited TiO{sub 2} nanowire array
Vertically oriented TiO{sub 2} nanowire (NW) arrays were fabricated by glancing angle deposition technique. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy shows the formation of two different diameters {approx}80 nm and {approx}40 nm TiO{sub 2} NW for 120 and 460 rpm azimuthal rotation of the substrate. The x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering depicted the presence of rutile and anatase phase TiO{sub 2}. The overall Raman scattering intensity decreased with nanowire diameter. The role of phonon confinement in anatase and rutile peaks has been discussed. The red (7.9 cm{sup -1} of anatase E{sub g}) and blue (7.4 cm{sup -1} of rutile E{sub g}, 7.8 cm{sup -1} of rutile A{sub 1g}) shifts of Raman frequencies were observed. UV-vis absorption measurements show the main band absorption at 3.42 eV, 3.48 eV, and {approx}3.51 eV for thin film and NW prepared at 120 and 460 rpm, respectively. Three fold enhance photon absorption and intense light emission were observed for NW assembly. The photoluminescence emission from the NW assembly revealed blue shift in main band transition due to quantum confinement in NW structures.
Chinnamuthu, P.; Mondal, A.; Singh, N. K.; Dhar, J. C. [National Institute of Technology Agartala, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jirania, Tripura (West) 799055 (India); Chattopadhyay, K. K. [Jadavpur University, Department of Physics, Kolkata 700032 (India); Bhattacharya, Sekhar [SSN Research Centre, Tamil Nadu 603110 (India)
Bayesian Estimator for Angle Recovery: Event Classification and Reconstruction in Positron Emission Tomography
PET at the highest level is an inverse problem: reconstruct the location of the emission (which localize biological function) from detected photons. Ideally, one would like to directly measure an annihilation photon's incident direction on the detector. In the developed algorithm, Bayesian Estimation for Angle Recovery (BEAR), we utilized the increased information gathered from localizing photon interactions in the detector and developed a Bayesian estimator for a photon's incident direction. Probability distribution functions (PDFs) were filled using an interaction energy weighted mean or center of mass (COM) reference space, which had the following computational advantages: (1) a significant reduction in the size of the data in measurement space, making further manipulation and searches faster (2) the construction of COM space does not depend on measurement location, it takes advantage of measurement symmetries, and data can be added to the training set without knowledge and recalculation of prior training data, (3) calculation of posterior probability map is fully parallelizable, it can scale to any number of processors. These PDFs were used to estimate the point spread function (PSF) in incident angle space for (i) algorithm assessment and (ii) to provide probability selection criteria for classification. The algorithm calculates both the incident {theta} and {phi} angle, with {approx}16 degrees RMS in both angles, limiting the incoming direction to a narrow cone. Feature size did not improve using the BEAR algorithm as an angle filter, but the contrast ratio improved 40% on average.
Foudray, Angela M K [Stanford University Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Department of Radiology Palo Alto, CA (United States); University of California, San Diego Department of Physics La Jolla, CA (United States); Levin, Craig S [Stanford University Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Department of Radiology Palo Alto, CA (United States)
Solar concentrator with restricted exit angles
A device is provided for the collection and concentration of radiant energy and includes at least one reflective side wall. The wall directs incident radiant energy to the exit aperture thereof or onto the surface of energy absorber positioned at the exit aperture so that the angle of incidence of radiant energy at the exit aperture or on the surface of the energy absorber is restricted to desired values.
Rabl, Arnulf (Downers Grove, IL); Winston, Roland (Chicago, IL)
Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Detector
A detector for time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering includes a nearly constant diameter, evacuated linear tube having an end plate detector with a first fluorescent screen and concentric rings of first fiber optic bundles for low angle scattering detection and an annular detector having a second fluorescent screen and second fiber optic bundles concentrically disposed about the tube for higher angle scattering detection. With the scattering source, i.e., the specimen under investigation, located outside of the evacuated tube on the tube's longitudinal axis, scattered x-rays are detected by the fiber optic bundles, to each of which is coupled a respective photodetector, to provide a measurement resolution, i.e., dq/q, where q is the momentum transferred from an incident x-ray to an x-ray scattering specimen, of 2% over two (2) orders of magnitude in reciprocal space, i.e., qmax/qmin approx=lO0.
Hessler, Jan P.
Estimation of Daily Degree-hours
Degree-hours have many applications in fields such as agriculture, architecture, and power generation. Since daily mean temperatures are more readily available than hourly temperatures, the difference between mean daily degree-hours computed from ...
Nathaniel B. Guttman; Richard L. Lehman
Solar Position Algorithm (SPA) - Energy Innovation Portal
This algorithm calculates the solar zenith and azimuth angles in the period from the year -2000 to 6000, with uncertainties of +/- 0.0003 degrees based on the date ...
Effect of Dental Polymer Degree of Conversion on Oral Biofilms. Alison Kraigsley, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Nancy J. Lin. National ...
Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at {radical}s{sub NN} = 200 GeV
The results from the STAR Collaboration on directed flow (v{sub 1}), elliptic flow (v{sub 2}), and the fourth harmonic (v{sub 4}) in the anisotropic azimuthal distribution of particles from Au+Au collisions at {radical}s{sub NN} = 200 GeV are summarized and compared with results from other experiments and theoretical models. Results for identified particles are presented and fit with a Blast Wave model. For v{sub 2}, scaling with the number of constituent quarks and parton coalescence is discussed. For v{sub 4}, scaling with v{sub 22} and quark coalescence predictions for higher harmonic flow is discussed. The different anisotropic flow analysis methods are compared and nonflow effects are extracted from the data. For v{sub 2}, scaling with the number of constituent quarks and parton coalescence are discussed. For v{sub 2}{sup 2} and quark coalescence are discussed.
Adams, J.; Aggarwal, M.M.; Ahammed, Z.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B.D.; Akhipkin, D.; Averichev, G.S.; Badyal, S.K.; Bai, Y.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L.S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V.V.; Bellwied, R.; Berger, J.; Bezverkhny, B.I.; Bharadwaj, S.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A.K.; Bhatia, V.S.; Bichsel, H.; Billmeier, A.; Bland, L.C.; Blyth, C.O.; Bonner, B.E.; Botje, M.; Boucham, A.; Brandin, A.V.; Bravar, A.; Bystersky, M.; Cadman, R.V.; Cai, X.Z.; Caines, H.; Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M.; Carroll, J.; Castillo, J.; Cebra, D.; Chajecki, Z.; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopdhyay, S.; Chen, H.F.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Christie, W.; Coffin, J.P.; Cormier, T.M.; Cramer, J.G.; Crawford, H.J.; Das, D.; Das, S.; De Moura, M.M.; Derevschikov, A.A.; Didenko, L.; Dietel, T.; Dogra, S.M.; Dong, W.J.; Dong, X.; Draper, J.E.; Du, F.; Dubey, A.K.; Dunin, V.B.; Dunlop, J.C.; Dutta Mazumdar, M.R.; Eckardt, V.; Edwards, W.R.; Efimov, L.G.; Emelianov, V.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Fachini, P.; Faivre, J.; Fatemi, R.; Fedorisin, J.; Filimonov, K.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Foley, K.J.; Fomenko, K.; Fu, J.; Gagliardi, C.A.; Gans, J.; Ganti, M.S.; Gaudichet, L.; Geurts, F.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Ghosh, P.; Gonzalez, J.E.; Grachov, O.; Grebenyuk, O.; Grosnick, D.; Guertin, S.M.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gutierrez, T.D.; Hallman, T.J.; Hamed, A.; Hardtke, D.; Harris, J.W.; Heinz, M.; Henry, T.W.; Hepplemann, S.; Hippolyte, B.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffmann, G.W.; Huang, H.Z.; Huang, S.L.; Hughes, E.W.; Humanic, T.J.; Igo, G.; Ishihara, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jacobs, W.W.; Janik, M.; Jiang, H.; Jones, P.G.; Judd, E.G.; Kabana, S.; Kang, K.; Kaplan, M.; Keane, D.; Khodyrev, V.Yu.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisiel, A.; Kislov, E.M.; Klay, J.; Klein, S.R.; Klyachko, A.; Koetke, D.D.; Kollegger, T.; Kopytine, M.; Kotchenda, L.; Kramer, M.; Kravtsov, P.; Kravtsov, V.I.; Krueger, K.; Kuhn, C.; Kulikov, A.I.; et al.
Regge calculus from a new angle
In Regge calculus space time is usually approximated by a triangulation with flat simplices. We present a formulation using simplices with constant sectional curvature adjusted to the presence of a cosmological constant. As we will show such a formulation allows to replace the length variables by 3d or 4d dihedral angles as basic variables. Moreover we will introduce a first order formulation, which in contrast to using flat simplices, does not require any constraints. These considerations could be useful for the construction of quantum gravity models with a cosmological constant.
Benjamin Bahr; Bianca Dittrich
Alternative IR geometries for TESLA with a small crossing angle
The formulation of hybrid crossing angle schemes has been a recent development of the TESLA collision geometry debate. Here we report on two such schemes, characterised by either a small vertical or horizontal beam crossing angle.
R. Appleby; D. Angal-Kalinin; P. Bambade; B. Mouton; O. Napoly; J. Payet; the TESLA Collaboration
Enhanced oil recovery utilizing high-angle wells in the Frontier Formation, Badger Basin Field, Park County, Wyoming. Final report for the period October 1992--October 1993
Badger Basin Field, discovered in 1931, produces at stripper rates from low-permeability fractured sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation. Only 15% of the estimated 25 million barrels of oil originally in-place will be produced from the twenty-two attempted vertical completions. This project will increase recoverable reserves through a better understanding of the reservoir and factors which control production. Characterization of the reservoir has been accomplished through an integrated engineering, geological and geophysical approach. Production data, drilling and completion techniques, and relative location of wells on the anticline were reviewed and related to productivity. Literature was reviewed for interpretations on preferred flow directions on anticlinal structures. A structure map of the producing Frontier reservoir was constructed. Porosity development and its relationship to fracture networks was examined petrographically. Fractures in core were described and oriented using paleomagnetic techniques. Azimuths of fractures in outcrop were compared to fracture azimuths measured in the core. A 17 square-mile 3D seismic survey was designed, acquired and processed. Interpretation is being performed on a Sun workstation using Landmark Graphics software. Time-structure and amplitude-distribution maps will be constructed on three Frontier horizons. A location for a high-angle well will be chosen. The slant/horizontal test will be drilled and completed to increase recovery of reserves. Transfer of successful technologies will be accomplished by technical publications and presentations, and access to project materials, data, and field facilities.
Walker, J.P.; Fortmann, R.G.
Angle stations in or for endless conveyor belts
In an angle station for an endless conveyor belt, there are presented to each incoming run of the belt stationary curved guide members (18, 19) of the shape of a major segment of a right-circular cylinder and having in the part-cylindrical portion (16 or 17) thereof rectangular openings (15) arranged in parallel and helical paths and through which project small freely-rotatable rollers (14), the continuously-changing segments of the curved surfaces of which projecting through said openings (15) are in attitude to change the direction of travel of the belt (13) through 90.degree. during passage of the belt about the part-cylindrical portion (16 or 17) of the guide member (18 or 19). The rectangular openings (15) are arranged with their longer edges lengthwise of the diagonals representing the mean of the helix but with those of a plurality of the rows nearest to each end of the part-cylindrical portion (16 or 17) slightly out of axial symmetry with said diagonals, being slightly inclined in a direction about the intersections (40) of the diagonals of the main portion of the openings, to provide a "toe-in" attitude in relation to the line of run of the endless conveyor belt.
Steel, Alan (Glasgow, GB6)
Computational fluid dynamics analyses of lateral heat conduction, coolant azimuthal mixing and heat transfer predictions in a BR2 fuel assembly geometry.
To support the analyses related to the conversion of the BR2 core from highly-enriched (HEU) to low-enriched (LEU) fuel, the thermal-hydraulics codes PLTEMP and RELAP-3D are used to evaluate the safety margins during steady-state operation (PLTEMP), as well as after a loss-of-flow, loss-of-pressure, or a loss of coolant event (RELAP). In the 1-D PLTEMP and RELAP simulations, conduction in the azimuthal and axial directions is not accounted. The very good thermal conductivity of the cladding and the fuel meat and significant temperature gradients in the lateral directions (axial and azimuthal directions) could lead to a heat flux distribution that is significantly different than the power distribution. To evaluate the significance of the lateral heat conduction, 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, using the CFD code STAR-CD, were performed. Safety margin calculations are typically performed for a hot stripe, i.e., an azimuthal region of the fuel plates/coolant channel containing the power peak. In a RELAP model, for example, a channel between two plates could be divided into a number of RELAP channels (stripes) in the azimuthal direction. In a PLTEMP model, the effect of azimuthal power peaking could be taken into account by using engineering factors. However, if the thermal mixing in the azimuthal direction of a coolant channel is significant, a stripping approach could be overly conservative by not taking into account this mixing. STAR-CD simulations were also performed to study the thermal mixing in the coolant. Section II of this document presents the results of the analyses of the lateral heat conduction and azimuthal thermal mixing in a coolant channel. Finally, PLTEMP and RELAP simulations rely on the use of correlations to determine heat transfer coefficients. Previous analyses showed that the Dittus-Boelter correlation gives significantly more conservative (lower) predictions than the correlations of Sieder-Tate and Petukhov. STAR-CD 3-D simulations were performed to compare heat transfer predictions from CFD and the correlations. Section III of this document presents the results of this analysis.
Tzanos, C. P.; Dionne, B. (Nuclear Engineering Division)
Anomalous and resonance small angle scattering
Significant changes in the small angle scattered intensity can be induced by making measurements with radiation close to an absorption edge of an appropriate atomic species contained in the sample. These changes can be related quantitatively to the real and imaginary anomalous dispersion terms for the scattering factor (x-rays) or scattering length (neutrons). The physics inherent in these anomalous dispersion terms is first discussed before considering how they enter the relevant scattering theory. Two major areas of anomalous scattering research have emerged; macromolecules in solution and unmixing of metallic alloys. Research in each area is reviewed, illustrating both the feasibility and potential of these techniques. All the experimental results reported to date have been obtained with x-rays. However, it is pointed out that the formalism is the same or the analogue experiment with neutrons, and a number of suitable isotopes exist which exhibit resonance in an accessible range of energy. Potential applications of resonance small-angle neutron scatterings are discussed. 8 figs.
Epperson, J.E.; Thiyagarajan, P.
Anomalous and resonance small angle scattering: Revision
Significant changes in the small angle scattered intensity can be induced by making measurements with radiation close to an absorption edge of an appropriate atomic species contained in the sample. These changes can be related quantitatively to the real and imaginary anomalous dispersion terms for the scattering factor (x-rays) or scattering length (neutrons). The physics inherent in these anomalous dispersion terms is first discussed before considering how they enter the relevant scattering theory. Two major areas of anomalous scattering research have emerged; macromolecules in solution and unmixing of metallic alloys. Research in each area is reviewed, illustrating both the feasibility and potential of these techniques. All the experimental results reported to date have been obtained with x-rays. However, it is pointed out that the formalism is the same for the analogue experiment with neutrons, and a number of suitable isotopes exist which exhibit resonance in an accessible range of energy. Potential applications of resonance small angle neutron scatterings are discussed. 54 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Large-angle Parabolic Equation Methods James T. Kirby*
CHAPTER 32 Large-angle Parabolic Equation Methods James T. Kirby* Large-angle parabolic equation of the parabolic equation method (PEM) to any relevant wave propagation problem implies that a principal is to examine two methods of extending the basic parabolic equation method to include large-angle effects
Kirby, James T.
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS FOR THE WIDE-ANGLE `PARABOLIC' EQUATION GEORGIOS AKRIVIS Abstract. We consider a model initial and boundary value problem for the wide-angle `parabolic' equation Lur = icu, the wide-angle `parabolic'equation of underwater acoustics. Given R > 0, µ 0, > 0, , and q real
Akrivis, Georgios
Medium energy pitch angle distribution during substorm injected electron clouds
Medium energy pitch angle distribution during substorm injected electron clouds A. A° snes,1 J, N. �?stgaard, and M. Thomsen (2005), Medium energy pitch angle distribution during substorm injected to obtain pitch angle resolved electron distribution data for measurements at energies 10 eV to 47 keV. [3
Bergen, Universitetet i
Heating degree days | OpenEI
Heating degree days Heating degree days Dataset Summary Description The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services (NESDIS), in conjunction with the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) publish monthly and annual climate data by state for the U.S., including, heating degree days (total number of days per month and per year). The average values for each state are weighted by population, using 2000 Census data. The base temperature for this dataset is 65 degrees F. Source NOAA Date Released Unknown Date Updated June 24th, 2005 (9 years ago) Keywords climate Heating degree days NOAA Data application/vnd.ms-excel icon Heating Degree Data, by State (xls, 208.4 KiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review
Economic recovery of oil trapped at fan margins using high angle wells and multiple hydraulic fractures. Quarterly report, July 1--September 30, 1997
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. A high-angle well will be drilled in the fan-margin portion of a slope-basin clastic reservoir and will be completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. Geologic modeling, reservoir characterization, and fine-grid reservoir simulation will be used to select the well location and orientation. Design parameters for the hydraulic-fracture treatments will be determined, in part, by fracturing an existing test well. Fracture azimuth will be predicted by passive seismic monitoring of a fracture-stimulation treatment in the test well using logging tools in an offset well. The long radius, near horizontal well has been drilled. After pumping a remedial cement squeeze, all pay behind the 5 in. liner was perforated and stimulated. Once wellwork is complete for the existing perforations, a hydraulic fracture treatment will be pumped through a short interval of clustered perforations in the 7 in. liner. Following this frac, all pay behind the 7 in. liner will be perforated and completion operations will be final.
Laue, M.L.
Eastern Interconnection Phase Angle Base Lining Study
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
firstname.lastname@example.com June 27-28, 2013 Washington, DC DOE/OE Transmission Reliability Program Topics Project objective Major technical accomplishments that will be completed this year-stage in RD&D cycle Deliverables and schedule for activities to be completed under FY13 funding Risk factors affecting timely completion of planned activities as well as movement through RD&D cycle Early thoughts on follow-on work that should be considered for funding in FY14 Project Objective Operators monitor power flows at specific interchange points (such as Keystone-Juniata). However, power flows may not be a good measure of wide area system stress Phasor networks provide the capability to monitor phase angle
The effect of electron beam pitch angle and density gradient on solar type III radio bursts
1.5D particle-in-cell simulations of a hot, low density electron beam injected into magnetized, maxwellian plasma were used to further explore the alternative non-gyrotropic beam driven electromagnetic (EM) emission mechanism, first studied in Tsiklauri, Phys. Plasmas 18, 052903 (2011). Variation of beam injection angle and background density gradient showed that the emission process is caused by the perpendicular component of the beam injection current, whereas the parallel component only produces Langmuir waves, which play no role in the generation of EM waves in our mechanism. Particular emphasis was put on the case, where the beam is injected perpendicularly to the background magnetic field, as this turned off any electrostatic wave generation along the field and left a purely electromagnetic signal in the perpendicular components. The simulations establish the following key findings: (i) Initially, waves at a few {omega}{sub ce}/{gamma} are excited, mode converted and emitted at Almost-Equal-To {omega}{sub pe} (ii) The emission intensity along the beam axis is proportional to the respective component of the kinetic energy of the beam; (iii) The frequency of the escaping EM emission is independent of the injection angle; (iv) A stronger background density gradient causes earlier emission; (v) The beam electron distribution function in phase space shows harmonic oscillation in the perpendicular components at the relativistic gyrofrequency; (vi) The requirement for cyclotron maser emission, ({partial_derivative}f/{partial_derivative}v{sub Up-Tack })>0, is fulfilled; (vii) The degree of linear polarization of the emission is strongly dependent on the beam injection angle; (viii) The generated electromagnetic emission is left-hand elliptically polarized as the pitch angle tends to 90 Degree-Sign ; and (ix) The generated electromagnetic energy is of the order of 0.1% of the initial beam kinetic energy.
Pechhacker, R.; Tsiklauri, D. [School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS (United Kingdom)
programs prior to beginning their graduate work. If a student decides to enter the combined program after with advanced work may be admitted to the Graduate School through the Graduate Program in Urban PlanningJOINT DEGREE PROGRAM LEADING TO THE MASTER OF URBAN PLANNING AND MASTER OF ARTS IN GEOGRAPHY DEGREE
Peterson, Blake R.
cooling degree days | OpenEI
cooling degree days cooling degree days Dataset Summary Description The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services (NESDIS), in conjunction with the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) publish monthly and annual climate data by state for the U.S., including, cooling degree days (total number of days per month and per year). The average values for each state are weighted by population, using 2000 Census data. The base temperature for this dataset is 65 degrees F. Source NOAA Date Released Unknown Date Updated June 24th, 2005 (9 years ago) Keywords climate cooling degree days NOAA Data application/vnd.ms-excel icon hcs_51_avg_cdd.xls (xls, 215.6 KiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Some Review
Detection of a thin sheet magnetic anomaly by squid-gradiometer systems: possibility of hydrofracture azimuth determination
A study of the signal physics of magnetic anomaly detection was carried out by superconducting gradiometer and magnetometer loop systems with SQUID sensors for possible application to the LASL geothermal energy program. In particular, the crack produced by hydrofracture of a deep HDR geothermal borehole would be filled with a magnetic material such as ferrofluid. When polarized by the earth's field, this material would produce a localized crack magnetic anomaly which is characteristic of the azimuth of the vertical crack with respect to magnetic north. Signatures of the anomaly would be determined by taking rotation data before and after filling the crack with magnetic material. A mathematical description was found for these signatures. To test the theory and the feasibility of the idea, the deep borehole vertical cracks were simulated by using panels to define sheets 1.5 mm thick, 1.2 m wide, and 2.5 m high. When filled with ferrofluid of suitable magnetic permeability, the local anomaly develops. Signatures were measured with a horizontal axial gradiometer rotated about a vertical axis. Good agreement was found between theory and experiment for aximuths in the east and west quadrants but only fair agreement in the north and south quadrants.
Overton, W.C. Jr.
Definition: Transmission Angle and Frequency Monitoring | Open Energy
Transmission Angle and Frequency Monitoring Transmission Angle and Frequency Monitoring Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Transmission Angle and Frequency Monitoring An advanced transmission application that uses angle and frequency measurements from PMUs to indicate loss of generation or other disturbances causing a change in the supply/demand balance.[1] Related Terms transmission lines, advanced transmission applications, transmission line References ↑ https://www.smartgrid.gov/category/technology/transmission_angle_and_frequency_monitoring [[Cat LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. egory: Smart Grid Definitionssmart grid,smart grid, |Template:BASEPAGENAME]]smart grid,smart grid, Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Transmission_Angle_and_Frequency_Monitoring&oldid=502506
Definition: Phase Angle Regulating Transformer | Open Energy Information
Angle Regulating Transformer Angle Regulating Transformer Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Phase Angle Regulating Transformer Transformers that enable phase-angle control between the primary (source) and the secondary (load) side to create a phase shift between the primary side voltage and the secondary side voltage. The purpose of this phase shift is to control the real power flow through interconnected power systems.[1] Also Known As phase angle regulating transformers (PARs) Related Terms transformer, real power, smart grid References ↑ [www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/pdfs/description_of_assets.pdf SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Assets'] An in LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. line Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Phase_Angle_Regulating_Transformer&oldid=502556"
HP Angle Light 4x3 Blue
Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. 1 © Copyright 2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Garett Montgomery DVLabs, TippingPoint 18May2010 SCADA: THREAT LANDSCAPE © Copyright 2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. 2 GARETT MONTGOMERY - US Navy: Electronics Technician (Communications) - Network Security at Naval Postgraduate School - Masters Degree in Information Assurance * CISSP, CWSP, GSNA, SnortCP, C|EH, etc. - Security Researcher at TippingPoint DVLabs * Focusing on SCADA * TippingPoint is a leading provider of Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). * www.tippingpoint.com * HP purchased TippingPoint as part of 3com acquisition, April 2010. * http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2009/091111xa.html © Copyright 2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Small-angle Synchrotron Diffraction Study of Partially Gasified Coal ...
Presentation Title, Small-angle Synchrotron Diffraction Study of Partially Gasified Coal Chars. Author(s), Keith Gordon McLennan, Daniel Roberts, Richard�...
USANS: the Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument at...
USANS-Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument USANS is designed for the study of hierarchical structures in natural and artificial materials. It can be considered an...
The Extended Q-Range Small Angle Neutron Scattering ...
Abstract Scope, The Extended Q-Range Small Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer (EQ-SANS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a high intensity�...
Industrial Applications at Small Angle Neutron Scattering and ...
... at Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Neutron Diffraction of HANARO Reactor .... Structure/Microstructure Analysis of Faulted and Modular Materials from�...
Laser warning receiver to identify the wavelength and angle of ...
A laser warning receiver is disclosed which has up to hundreds of individual optical channels each optically oriented to receive laser light from a different angle of ...
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: SunAngle
Calculates solar angles based on location, date, and time. It's useful in passive solar building design, PV and solar thermal system design and analysis, and other...
International Conservation Emphasis Resource Conservation Degree
International Conservation Emphasis Resource Conservation Degree Faculty Advisors Steve Siebert) 243-6062, Office: CHCB 467 Goals The International Conservation emphasis is an interdisciplinary course of study that addresses opportunities and constraints to the use, management and conservation
Crone, Elizabeth
Climate: monthly and annual average cooling degree days above...
at one-degree resolution of the World from NASASSE
(Abstract):��Cooling Degree Days above 10 C (degree days)The monthly accumulation of degrees when...
Azimuthal correlations between charged hadrons and direct photons at high-p$_{t}$ in $p+p$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
Recent results at STAR for direct $\\gamma$-charged hadron azimuthal correlations in heavy-ion collisions are presented. These correlations are used to study the color charge density of the medium through the medium-induced modification of high-p$_T$ parton fragmentation. Azimuthal correlations of direct photons at high transverse energy 8 $direct $\\gamma$ is smaller than from $\\pi^{0}$ triggers in the same centrality class.
Dependency of the apparent contact angle on nonisothermal conditions
The dynamic behavior of liquids in partly filled containers is influenced to a large extend by the angle between the gas-liquid phase boundary and the solid container wall at the contact line. This contact angle in turn is influenced by nonisothermal conditions. In the case of a cold liquid meniscus spreading over a hot solid wall
Rolf Krahl; Jens Gerstmann; Philipp Behruzi; Eberhard B�nsch; Michael E. Dreyer
POLY-FREE CONSTRUCTIONS FOR RIGHT-ANGLED ARTIN GROUPS SUSAN HERMILLER1 AND ZORAN SUNI´C Abstract. We show that every right-angled Artin group A defined by a graph of finite chromatic number is poly-free with poly-free length bounded between the clique number and the chromatic number of . Further
Hermiller, Susan
Commissioning of SLAC SLD 45-Degree Chambers
The SLD experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center had a significant gap in its muon tracking coverage, provided by the Warm Iron Calorimeter. Supplemental planes of limited streamer tube chambers were added to improve the coverage in the vicinity of the gap at 0.65 commissioning of the forty-five degree chamber region of the SLAC SLD Warm Iron Calorimeter is presented. This task involved the completion of the forty-five degree chamber region geometry for the Warm Iron Calorimeter's fitter and swimmer and the changing of the way multiple scattering effects are treated in the fitter algorithm.
V. O. Eschenburg
Estimates of Spatial Degrees of Freedom
The spatial degrees of freedom (dof) of atmospheric flows are estimated by comparing the variance of the theoretical standardized chi-squared distribution with the sum of the squared eigenvalues of a spatial correlation matrix, dof = N2/?I = 1N?i...
Klaus Fraedrich; Christine Ziehmann; Frank Sielmann
Flux control and one-hundred and eighty degree core systems
A two-phase or four-phase electric machine includes a first stator part and a second stator part disposed about ninety electrical degrees apart. Stator pole parts are positioned near the first stator part and the second stator part. An injector injects a third-harmonic frequency current that is separate from and not produced by the fundamental current driving the first stator part and the second stator part. The electric angular speed of the third-harmonic rotating field comprises .theta. ##EQU00001## where p comprises the number of pole pairs, .theta. comprises a mechanical angle and t comprise time in seconds.
Hsu, John S
Nematic State of Pnictides Stabilized by Interplay between Spin, Orbital, and Lattice Degrees of Freedom
The nematic state of the iron-based superconductors is studied in the undoped limit of the three-orbital (xz, yz, xy) spin-fermion model via the introduction of lattice degrees of freedom. Monte Carlo simulations show that in order to stabilize the experimentally observed lattice distortion and nematic order, and to reproduce photoemission experiments, both the spin-lattice and orbital-lattice couplings are needed. The interplay between their respective coupling strengths regulates the separation between the structural and Ne el transition temperatures. Experimental results for the temperature dependence of the resistivity anisotropy and the angle-resolved photoemission orbital spectral weight are reproduced by the present numerical simulations.
Liang, Shuhua [ORNL; Moreo, Adriana [ORNL; Dagotto, Elbio R [ORNL
Can Dynamic Contact Angle Be Measured Using Molecular Modeling?
A method is presented for determining the dynamic contact angle at the three-phase contact between a solid, a liquid, and a vapor under an applied force, using molecular simulation. The method is demonstrated using a ...
Malani, Ateeque A. A. G.
Modtran radiance modeling of multi-angle worldview-2 imagery .
??The WorldView-2 satellite, launched in 2010 by DigitalGlobe, provides researchers with the ability to collect high resolution, multi-angle, 8-band multispectral imagery. This offers a unique� (more)
Marshall, Samuel I.
Multi-angle technique for measurement of ground source emission
TAISIR, the Temperature and Imaging System Infrared, is a nominally satellite based platform for remote sensing of the earth. One of its design features is to acquire atmospheric data simultaneous with ground data, resulting in minimal dependence on external atmospheric models for data correction. One technique we employ to acquire atmospheric data is a true multi-angle data acquisition technique. Previous techniques have used only two angles. Here we demonstrate the advantage of using a large number of viewing angles to overconstrain the inversion problem for critical atmospheric and source parameters. For reasonable data acquisition scenarios, simulations show source temperature errors of less than 1K should be possible. Tradeoffs between flight geometry, number of look angles,, and system signal-to-noise are given for typical parameter ranges.
Henderson, J.R.
Angle of crack propagation for a vertical hydraulic fracture
Using the strain-energy-density-factor (S) theory, the positive fracture angle +theta/sub o/ (the initial fracture angle of crack propagation) of a near-vertical crack is predicted by using the opening- and sliding-mode stress-intensity factors in the presence of the overburden pressure, the least in situ horizontal principal stress, and the borehole fluid pressure. The crack spreads in the positive theta/sub o/ direction (counter-clockwise) in the plane for which S is a minimum, S/sub min/. It was verified that S/sub min/ is greater than or equal to S/sub c/. The quantity S/sub c/ is defined as the critical value of S, and remains essentially constant. Of interest is the numerical example for calculating fracture angle and the critical uniform borehole fluid pressure required to initiate fracture at such an angle for the present LASL Dry Hot Rock Geothermal Energy Program. (auth)
Sarda, J.P.; Hsu, Y.C.
A multiresolution spectral angle-based hyperspectral classification method
Due to the lack of training samples, hyperspectral classification often adopts the minimum distance classification method based on spectral metrics. This paper proposes a novel multiresolution spectral-angle-based hyperspectral classification method, ...
Jin Chen; Runsheng Wang; Cheng Wang
Angle Instability Detection in Power Systems with High Wind Penetration
Angle Instability Detection in Power Angle Instability Detection in Power Systems with High Wind Penetration Using PMUs YC Zhang National Renewable Energy Laboratory firstname.lastname@example.com 27/28 June 2013 Washington, DC DOE/OE Transmission Reliability Program Angle Instability Detection in Power Systems with High Wind Penetration Using Synchrophasor Measurements Project Objective * Utilize synchrophasor measurements to estimate the equivalent inertia of a power source such as synchronous generators or wind turbine generators * Develop angle instability detection method for a system with high wind penetration using the synchrophasor measurements 2 3 Background Submitted to IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics * In case of angular instability, some machines will have
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Degree Day Reports
Reports Degree Day Reports image Quick and easy web-based tool that provides free historical degree days for 1,200 stations in the U.S. and Canada, 1994 to present. Degree Day...
Limbus Impact on Off-angle Iris Degradation
The accuracy of iris recognition depends on the quality of data capture and is negatively affected by several factors such as angle, occlusion, and dilation. Off-angle iris recognition is a new research focus in biometrics that tries to address several issues including corneal refraction, complex 3D iris texture, and blur. In this paper, we present an additional significant challenge that degrades the performance of the off-angle iris recognition systems, called the limbus effect . The limbus is the region at the border of the cornea where the cornea joins the sclera. The limbus is a semitransparent tissue that occludes a side portion of the iris plane. The amount of occluded iris texture on the side nearest the camera increases as the image acquisition angle increases. Without considering the role of the limbus effect, it is difficult to design an accurate off-angle iris recognition system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that investigates the limbus effect in detail from a biometrics perspective. Based on results from real images and simulated experiments with real iris texture, the limbus effect increases the hamming distance score between frontal and off-angle iris images ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 depending upon the limbus height.
Nuclear engineering enrollments and degrees, 1994: Appendixes
This survey is designed to include those programs sponsored by the Department of Energy. The survey is designed to include those programs offering a major in nuclear engineering or course work equivalent to a major in other engineering disciplines that prepare the graduates to perform as nuclear engineers. This survey provides data on nuclear engineering enrollments and degrees for use in labor market analyses, information on education programs for students, and information on new graduates to employers, government agencies, academia and professional societies.
The Euclidean Distance Degree of an Algebraic Variety
polynomials F1,...,Fc of degrees d1,...,dc whose variety has ED degree larger than (2.8). ...... Rekha Thomas, University of Washington, Box 354350, Seattle, WA�...
Video: Microbial Bebop - "Fifty Degrees North, Four Degrees West" | Argonne
Video: Microbial Bebop - "Fifty Degrees North, Four Degrees West" Video: Microbial Bebop - "Fifty Degrees North, Four Degrees West" Share Topic Environment Biology Environmental biology Metagenomics This musical composition was created from data of microbes (bacteria, algae and other microorganisms) sampled in the English Channel. Argonne National Laboratory biologist Peter Larsen created the songs as a unique way to present and comprehend large datasets. More details: All of the data in this composition derives from twelve observed time points collected at monthly intervals at the L4 Station during 2007. The composition is composed of seven choruses. Each chorus has the same chord progression of 12 measures each in which chords are derived from monthly measures of temperature and chlorophyll A concentrations. The
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Degree Day .Net
Degree Day .Net Degree Day .Net Logo for Degree Day.net Website that generates heating and cooling degree days for locations worldwide. Degree days are commonly used in calculations relating to building energy consumption. Once you have chosen a weather station (of which there are thousands available) and specified the degree days you want (e.g. what base temperature, do you want them broken down in daily, weekly or monthly format), Degree Days.net will calculate your degree days, and give them to you as a CSV file that you can open directly in a spreadsheet. Screen Shots Keywords degree days, HDD, CDD Validation/Testing A comprehensive suite of automated tests have been written to test the software. Expertise Required Degree Days.net makes it very easy to specify and generate degree days, so
We report on the development of a numerical code to calculate the angle-dependent synchrotron + synchrotron self-Compton radiation from relativistic jet sources with partially ordered magnetic fields and anisotropic particle distributions. Using a multi-zone radiation transfer approach, we can simulate magnetic-field configurations ranging from perfectly ordered (unidirectional) to randomly oriented (tangled). We demonstrate that synchrotron self-Compton model fits to the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of extragalactic jet sources may be possible with a wide range of magnetic-field values, depending on their orientation with respect to the jet axis and the observer. This is illustrated with the example of a spectral fit to the SED of Mrk 421 from multiwavelength observations in 2006, where acceptable fits are possible with magnetic-field values varying within a range of an order of magnitude for different degrees of B-field alignment and orientation.
Jamil, O.; Boettcher, M. [Astrophysical Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH (United States)
Near-threshold absolute angle-differential cross sections for electron-impact excitation of argon and xenon
Absolute angle-differential cross sections for electron-impact excitation of argon and xenon atoms to the lowest four np{sup 5}(n+1)s levels, and the 5p{sup 5}5d[7/2]{sub 3} level in xenon, have been measured and calculated as a function of electron energy up to a few eV above threshold at a fixed scattering angle of 135 degree sign . For argon, very good agreement is observed between the experimental data and predictions from a Breit-Pauli B-spline R-matrix (BSR) method, in which nonorthogonal orbital sets are used to optimize the target description. The agreement is still satisfactory for the more complex xenon target, suggesting that predictions from the BSR model should already be sufficiently accurate for many modeling applications. Nevertheless, the remaining discrepancies indicate the need for further refinement of the theoretical model.
Allan, M.; Zatsarinny, O.; Bartschat, K. [Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (Switzerland); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 50311 (United States)
Nonlinear conformal-degree preserving Dirac equations
Nonlinear Dirac equations in D+1 space-time are obtained by variation of the spinor action whose Lagrangian components have the same conformal degree and the coupling parameter of the self-interaction term is dimensionless. In 1+1 dimension, we show that these requirements result in the "conventional" quartic form of the nonlinear interaction and present the general equation for various coupling modes. These include, but not limited to, the Thirring and Gross-Neveu models. We obtain a numerical solution for the special case of the spin and pseudo-spin symmetric modes..
A. D. Alhaidari
Minimal Neutrino Texture with Neutrino Mass Ratio and Cabibbo Angle
We present neutrino mass matrix textures in a minimal framework of the type-I seesaw mechanism where two right-handed Majorana neutrinos are introduced in order to reproduce experimental results of neutrino oscillations. The textures can lead to experimentally favored leptonic mixing angles described by the tri-bimaximal mixing with one additional rotation. We present minimal and next to minimal textures for the normal mass hierarchy case in a context of the texture zero. A minimal texture in the inverted hierarchy case is also constructed, which does not have any vanishing entries in a Dirac neutrino mass matrix. We also discuss some cases that model parameters in the textures are supposed to be a neutrino mass ratio and/or the Cabibbo angle. Predicted regions of mixing angles, a leptonic CP-violation parameter, and an effective mass for the neutrino-less double beta decay are presented in all textures.
Yusuke Shimizu; Ryo Takahashi; Morimitsu Tanimoto
General Compression Looks at Energy Storage from a Different Angle |
General Compression Looks at Energy Storage from a Different Angle General Compression Looks at Energy Storage from a Different Angle General Compression Looks at Energy Storage from a Different Angle February 3, 2011 - 3:36pm Addthis Image of the General Compression CAES system | courtesy of General Compression, Inc. Image of the General Compression CAES system | courtesy of General Compression, Inc. April Saylor April Saylor Former Digital Outreach Strategist, Office of Public Affairs Earlier this week, we told you about a new company that's developing battery technology that will allow energy storage for multiple hours on the power grid. General Compression is another innovative company that's developing a different way to store electricity by using compressed air energy storage, or CAES. The technology uses cheap power to pump air into
Correlation of conductivity and angle integrated valence band photoemission
Correlation of conductivity and angle integrated valence band photoemission Correlation of conductivity and angle integrated valence band photoemission characteristics in single crystal iron perovskites for 300 K < T < 800 K: Comparison of surface and bulk sensitive methods Title Correlation of conductivity and angle integrated valence band photoemission characteristics in single crystal iron perovskites for 300 K < T < 800 K: Comparison of surface and bulk sensitive methods Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2010 Authors Braun, Artur, Bongjin S. Mun, Yun Sun, Z. Liu, Oliver Gröning, R. Mäder, Selma Erat, Xueyuan Zhang, Samuel S. Mao, Ekaterina Pomjakushina, Kazimierz Conder, and Thomas Graule Journal Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena Volume 181 Issue 1 Pagination 56-62 Date Published 07/2013
On degree bounds for separating invariants
Let a group $G$ act on a finite dimensional vector space $V$ over an algebraically closed field $K$ of characteristic $p$. Then $\\beta_{\\sep}(G)$ is the minimal number such that, for any $V$, the invariants of degree less or equal than this number have the same separating properties as the whole invariant ring $K[V]^{G}$. Derksen and Kemper have shown $\\beta_{\\sep}(G)\\le |G|$. We show $\\beta_{\\sep}(G)=|G|$ for $p$-groups and cyclic groups, and $\\beta_{\\sep}(G)=\\infty$ for infinite unipotent groups. We also show $\\beta_{\\sep}(G)\\le \\beta_{\\sep}(G/N)\\beta_{\\sep}(N)$ for a normal divisor $N$ of finite index.
Kohls, Martin
Identified particle production, azimuthal anisotropy, and interferometry measurements in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 9.2 GeV
We present the first measurements of identified hadron production, azimuthal anisotropy, and pion interferometry from Au+Au collisions below the nominal injection energy at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. The data were collected using the large acceptance STAR detector at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 9.2 GeV from a test run of the collider in the year 2008. Midrapidity results on multiplicity density (dN/dy) in rapidity (y), average transverse momentum (), particle ratios, elliptic flow, and HBT radii are consistent with the corresponding results at similar $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ from fixed target experiments. Directed flow measurements are presented for both midrapidity and forward rapidity regions. Furthermore the collision centrality dependence of identified particle dN/dy, , and particle ratios are discussed. These results also demonstrate the readiness of the STAR detector to undertake the proposed QCD critical point search and the exploration of the QCD phase diagram at RHIC.
STAR Collaboration; B. I. Abelev
annual average heating degree days | OpenEI
average heating degree days average heating degree days Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Heating Degree Days below 18° C (degree days)The monthly accumulation of degrees when the daily mean temperature is below 18° C.NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Release 6.0 Data Set (Nov 2007)22-year Monthly Average & Annual Sum (July 1983 - June 2005)Parameter: Heating Degree Days Below 18 degrees C (degree days)Internet: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/ Source U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Date Released March 31st, 2009 (5 years ago) Date Updated April 01st, 2009 (5 years ago) Keywords annual average heating degree days climate GIS NASA SWERA UNEP Data application/zip icon Download Shapefile (zip, 2.7 MiB)
Studies of azimuthal anisotropy harmonics in ultra-central PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV
Azimuthal dihadron correlations of charged particles have been measured in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV by the CMS collaboration, using data from the 2011 LHC heavy-ion run. The data set includes a sample of ultra-central (0-0.2% centrality) PbPb events collected using a trigger based on total transverse energy in the hadron forward calorimeters and the total multiplicity of pixel clusters in the silicon pixel tracker. A total of about 1.8 million ultra-central events were recorded, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 120 inverse microbarns. The observed correlations in ultra-central PbPb events are expected to be particularly sensitive to initial-state fluctuations. The single-particle anisotropy Fourier harmonics, from v[2] to v[6], are extracted as a function of particle transverse momentum. At higher transverse momentum, the v[2] harmonic becomes significantly smaller than the higher-order v[n] (n greater than or equal to 3). The pt-averaged v[2] and v[3] are found to be equal within 2%, while higher-order v[n] decrease as n increases. The breakdown of factorization of dihadron correlations into single-particle azimuthal anisotropies is observed. This effect is found to be most prominent in the ultra-central PbPb collisions, where the initial-state fluctuations play a dominant role. A comparison of the factorization data to hydrodynamic predictions with event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions is also presented.
CMS Collaboration
Wind Turbine Pitch Angle Controllers for Grid Frequency Stabilisation
Wind Turbine Pitch Angle Controllers for Grid Frequency Stabilisation Clemens Jauch Risø National Laboratory Wind Energy Department P.O. Box 49 DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: In this paper it is investigated how active-stall wind turbines can contribute to the stabilisation of the power
Numerical Simulation of Katabatic Flow with Changing Slope Angle
A large eddy simulation (LES) model and the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model, which does not resolve turbulent eddies, are used to study the effect of a slope angle decrease on the structure of katabatic slope flows. For a simple, ...
Craig M. Smith; Eric D. Skyllingstad
Neutrino Mass Models: Impact of non-zero reactor angle
In this talk neutrino mass models are reviewed and the impact of a non-zero reactor angle and other deviations from tri-bimaximal mixing are discussed. We propose some benchmark models, where the only way to discriminate between them is by high precision neutrino oscillation experiments.
Stephen F. King
The Estimation of Wind Turbine Pitch Angle Based on ANN
Variable-speed and constant-frequency (VSCF) pitch-controlled wind turbine is believed to be superior to other types of wind turbine due to its features such as high efficiency and ideal starting and braking performance, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) ... Keywords: VSCF, ANN, pitch angle, Pitch-controlled system
Yanping Liu; Shuhong Liu; Hongmei Guo; Huajun Wang
SSM/I Brightness Temperature Corrections for Incidence Angle Variations
The incidence angles of the SSM/I radiometers on the DMSP satellites vary from satellite to satellite and exhibit variations of up to 1.5� during one orbit. The effects of these variations on the measured brightness temperatures are investigated ...
Rolf Fuhrhop; Clemens Simmer
Asymmetric-cut variable-incident-angle monochromator
A novel asymmetric-cut variable-incident-angle monochromator was constructed and tested in 1997 at the Advanced Photon Source of Argonne National Laboratory. The monochromator was originally designed as a high heat load monochromator capable of handling 5-10 kW beams from a wiggler source. This was accomplished by spreading the x-ray beam out on the surface an asymmetric-cut crystal and by using liquid metal cooling of the first crystal. The monochromator turned out to be a highly versatile monochromator that could perform many different types of experiments. The monochromator consisted of two 18 deg. asymmetrically cut Si crystals that could be rotated about 3 independent axes. The first stage ({Phi}) rotates the crystal around an axis perpendicular to the diffraction plane. This rotation changes the angle of the incident beam with the surface of the crystal without changing the Bragg angle. The second rotation ({Psi}) is perpendicular to the first and is used to control the shape of the beam footprint on the crystal. The third rotation ({Theta}) controls the Bragg angle. Besides the high heat load application, the use of asymmetrically cut crystals allows one to increase or decrease the acceptance angle for crystal diffraction of a monochromatic x-ray beam and allows one to increase or decrease the wavelength bandwidth of the diffraction of a continuum source like a bending-magnet beam or a normal x-ray-tube source. When the monochromator is used in the doubly expanding mode, it is possible to expand the vertical size of the double-diffracted beam by a factor of 10-15. When this was combined with a bending magnet source, it was possible to generate an 8 keV area beam, 16 mm wide by 26 mm high with a uniform intensity and parallel to 1.2 arc sec that could be applied in imaging experiments.
Smither, R. K.; Fernandez, P. B.; Mills, D. M. [Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Graber, T. J. [Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (United States)
The degree and connectivity of Internet's scale-free topology
In this paper we theoretically and empirically study the degree and connectivity of the Internet's scale-free topology at the autonomous system (AS) level. The basic features of the scale-free network have influence on the normalization constant of the degree distribution p(k). We develop a mathematics model of the Internet's scale-free topology. On this model we theoretically get the formulas of the average degree, the ratios of the kmin-degree (minimum degree) nodes and the kmax-degree (maximum degree) nodes, the fraction of the degrees (or links) in the hands of the richer (top best-connected) nodes. We find the average degree is larger for smaller power-law exponent {\\lambda} and larger minimum or maximum degree. The ratio of the kmin-degree nodes is larger for larger {\\lambda} and smaller kmin or kmax. The ratio of the kmax-degree ones is larger for smaller {\\lambda} and kmax or larger kmin. The richer nodes hold most of the total degrees of the AS-level Internet topology. In addition, we reveal the rati...
Zhang, Lianming; Yu, Jianping; Wu, Xiangsheng
ORISE: Report shows number of health physics degrees for 2010
ORISE report shows number of health physics degrees increased for graduates, decreased for undergraduates in 2010 Decreased number of B.S. degrees remains higher than levels in the...
Health Physics Enrollents and Degrees Survey, 2006 Data
This annual survey collects 2006 data on the number of health physics degrees awarded as well as the number of students enrolled in health physics academic programs. Thirty universities offer health physics degrees; all responded to the survey.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Degree Day Forecasts
Forecasts Forecasts Degree Day Forecasts example chart Quick and easy web-based tool that provides free 14-day ahead degree day forecasts for 1,200 stations in the U.S. and Canada. Degree Day Forecasts charts show this year, last year and three-year average. Historical degree day charts and energy usage forecasts are available from the same site. Keywords degree days, historical weather, mean daily temperature Validation/Testing Degree day data provided by AccuWeather.com, updated daily at 0700. Expertise Required No special expertise required. Simple to use. Users Over 1,000 weekly users. Audience Anyone who needs degree day forecasts (next 14 days) for the U.S. and Canada. Input Select a weather station (1,200 available) and balance point temperature. Output Charts show (1) degree day (heating and cooling) forecasts for the next 14
Multiple-degree-of-freedom vehicle
A multi-degree-of-freedom vehicle employs a compliant linkage to accommodate the need for a variation in the distance between drive wheels or drive systems which are independently steerable and drivable. The subject vehicle is provided with rotary encodes to provide signals representative of the orientation of the steering pivot associated with each such drive wheel or system, and a linear encoder which issues a signal representative of the fluctuations in the distance between the drive elements. The wheels of the vehicle are steered and driven in response to the linear encoder signal, there being provided a controller system for minimizing the fluctuations in the distance. The controller system is a software implementation of a plurality of controllers, operating at the chassis level and at the vehicle level. A trajectory interpolator receives x-displacement, y-displacement, and .theta.-displacement signals and produces to the vehicle level controller trajectory signals corresponding to interpolated control signals. The x-displacement, y-displacement, and .theta.-displacement signals are received from a human operator, via a manipulable joy stick.
Borenstein, Johann (Ann Arbor, MI)
Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2004 Data
This annual report details the the number of health physics bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees awarded at a sampling of academic programs from 1998-2004. It also looks at health physics degrees by curriculum and the number of students enrolled in health physics degree programs at 28 U.S. universities in 2004.
Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2005 Data
This annual report details the number of health physics bachelor's, master's, and postdoctoral degrees awarded at a sampling of academic programs from 1998-2005. It also looks at health physics degrees by curriculum and the number of students enrolled in health physics degree programs at 30 U.S. universities in 2005.
Nuclear Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2005 Data
This annual report details the number of nuclear engineering bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees awarded at a sampling of academic programs from 1998-2005. it also looks at nuclear engineering degrees by curriculum and the number of students enrolled in nuclear engineering degree programs at 30 U.S. universities in 2005.
Oak RIdge Institute for Science and Education
Metal oxide morphology in argon-assisted glancing angle deposition
Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is a thin film deposition technique capable of fabricating columnar architectures such as posts, helices, and chevrons with control over nanoscale film features. Argon bombardment during deposition modifies the GLAD process, producing films with new morphologies which have shown promise for sensing and photonic devices. The authors report modification of column tilt angle, film density, and specific surface area for 12 different metal oxide and fluoride film materials deposited using Ar-assisted GLAD. For the vapor flux/ion beam geometry and materials studied here, with increasing argon flux, the column tilt increases, film density increases, and specific surface area decreases. With a better understanding of the nature of property modification and the mechanisms responsible, the Ar-assisted deposition process can be more effectively targeted towards specific applications, including birefringent thin films or photonic crystal square spirals.
Sorge, J. B.; Taschuk, M. T.; Wakefield, N. G.; Sit, J. C.; Brett, M. J. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 (Canada); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 (Canada) and NRC National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9 (Canada)
A small angle whipstock is described for accurately correcting or deviating a drill hole by a very small angle. The whipstock is primarily utilized when drilling extremely accurate, line-of-slight test holes as required for diagnostic studies related to underground nuclear test shots. The invention is constructed of a length of cylindrical pipe or casing, with a whipstock seating spike extending from the lower end. A wedge-shaped segment is secured to the outer circumference of the upper end of the cylinder at a position diametrically opposite the circumferential position of the spike. Pin means are provided for affixing the whipstock to a directional drill bit and stem to alloy orienting and setting the whipstock properly in the drill hole. (AEC)
Nielsen, D.E.; Olsen, J.L.; Bennett, W.P.
Searching for the Neutrino Mixing Angle Theta-13 at Reactors
Two neutrino mixing angles have been measured, and much of the neutrino community is turning its attention to the unmeasured mixing angle, $\\quq$, whose best limit comes from the reactor neutrino experiment CHOOZ.\\cite{bib:chooz} New two detector reactor neutrino experiments are being planned, along with more ambitious accelerator experiments, to measure or further limit $\\quq$. Here I will overview how to measure $\\quq$ using reactor neutrinos, mention some experiments that were considered and are not going forward, and review the current status of four projects: Double Chooz in France, Daya Bay in China, RENO in South Korea and Angra in Brazil. Finally I will mention how the neutrino observer can gauge progress in these projects two years from now as we approach the times corresponding to early estimates for new results.
Goodman, Maury
Angle amplifying optics using plane and ellipsoidal reflectors
An optical system for providing a wide angle input beam into ellipsoidal laser fusion target illumination systems. The optical system comprises one or more pairs of centrally apertured plane and ellipsoidal mirrors disposed to accept the light input from a conventional lens of modest focal length and thickness, to increase the angular divergence thereof to a value equivalent to that of fast lenses, and to direct the light into the ellipsoidal target illumination system.
Glass, Alexander J. (Pleasanton, CA)
Electric-Field Enhancement by Nodular Defects in Multilayer Coatings Irradiated at Normal and 45 (degree) Incidence
The standing-wave electric-field profile within multilayer coatings is significantly perturbated by a nodular defect. The intensity, which is proportional to the electric field squared, is increased in the high index material by {>=}3x at normal incidence and {>=}12x at 45 degrees incidence angle. Therefore it is not surprising that nodular defects are initiation sites of laser-induced damage. In this study, the impact of reflectance-band centering and incident angle are explored for a 1 {micro}m diameter nodular defect seed overcoated with a 24 layer high-reflector constructed of quarter-wave thick alternating layers of hafnia and silica. The modeling was performed using a three-dimensional finite-element analysis code.
Stolz, C J; Genin, F Y; Pistor,T V
NA Standards | Valence Geometries | Bond Angles-Furanose Rings
angles in Furanose Rings angles in Furanose Rings ----------------------------------------------------- ribose deoxyribose ----------------------------------------------------- angle mean esd N mean esd N value value ----------------------------------------------------- C1'-C2'-C3' 101.5 (0.9, 80) 102.7 (1.4, 47) C2'-C3'-C4' 102.7 (1.0, 80) 103.2 (1.0, 47) C3'-C4'-O4' 105.5 (1.4, 80) 105.6 (1.0, 47) C4'-O4'-C1' 109.6 (0.9, 80) 109.7 (1.4, 47) O4'-C1'-C2' 106.4 (1.4, 80) 106.1 (1.0, 47) C1'-C2'-O2' 110.6 (3.0, 80) na C3'-C2'-O2' 113.3 (2.9, 80) na C2'-C3'-O3' 111.0 (2.8, 80) 110.6 (2.7, 47) C4'-C3'-O3' 110.6 (2.6, 80) 110.3 (2.2, 47) C5'-C4'-C3' 115.5 (1.5, 80) 114.7 (1.5, 47)
Nuclear Engingeering Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2008 Data
SURVEY UNIVERSE SURVEY UNIVERSE The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2007, and August 31, 2008, and fall 2008 enrollments. Thirty-one academic programs reported having nuclear engineering programs during 2008, and data was provided by all thirty-one programs. DEGREE DATA Bachelor's Degrees. The number of B.S. degrees granted in 2008 by nuclear engineering programs increased by 10% over 2007, and is the highest number reported since 1988. (See Table 1.) This is the fifth consecutive year of increases. The rate of increase in 2008 was, however, the lowest in five years. Nuclear engineering majors accounted for 89% of all B.S. degrees. (See Table 2.) Graduate Degrees. The number of master's degrees granted in 2008 increased for the sixth consecutive
report shows number of health physics degrees increased for report shows number of health physics degrees increased for graduates, decreased for undergraduates in 2010 Decreased number of B.S. degrees remains higher than levels in the early 2000 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Dec. 20, 2011 FY12-09 OAK RIDGE, Tenn.-The number of health physics graduate degrees increased for both master's and doctoral candidates in 2010, but decreased for bachelor's degrees, says a report released this year by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The ORISE report, Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2010 Data, surveyed 24 academic programs with enrollment and degree data and included students majoring in health physics or in an option program equivalent to a major, such as other health physics-based programs embedded in life
The nuclear magnetic resonance of solids has long been characterized by very large spectral broadening which arises from internuclear dipole-dipole coupling or the nuclear electric quadrupole interaction. These couplings can obscure the smaller chemical shift interaction and make that information unavailable. Two important and difficult cases are that of hydrogen and deuterium. For example, the homonuclear dipolar broadening, HD, for hydrogen is usually several tens of kilohertz. For deuterium, HD is relatively small; however, the quadrupole interaction causes a broadening which can be hundreds of kilohertz in polycrystalline or amorphous solids. The development of cross polarization, heteronuclear radiofrequency decoupling, and coherent averaging of nuclear spin interactions has provided measurement of chemical shift tensors in solids. Recently, double quantum NMR and double quantum decoupling have led to measurement of deuterium and proton chemical shift tensors, respectively. A general problem of these experiments is the overlapping of the tensor powder pattern spectra of magnetically distinct sites which cannot be resolved. In this work, high resolution NMR of hydrogen and deuterium in solids is demonstrated. For both nuclei, the resonances are narrowed to obtain liquid-like isotropic spectra by high frequency rotation of the sample about an axis inclined at the magic angle, {beta}{sub m} = Arccos(3{sup -1/2}), with respect to the direction of the external magnetic field. Two approaches have been developed for each nucleus. For deuterium, the powder spectra were narrowed by over three orders of magnitude by magic angle rotation with precise control of {beta}. A second approach was the observation of deuterium double quantum transitions under magic angle rotation. For hydrogen, magic angle rotation alone could be applied to obtain the isotropic spectrum when H{sub D} was small. This often occurs naturally when the nuclei are semi-dilute or involved in internal motion. In the general case of large H{sub D}, isotropic spectra were obtained by dilution of {sup 1}H with {sup 2}H combined with magic angle rotation. The resolution obtained represents the practical limit for proton NMR of solids. Theoretical and technical aspects are described in the text with comments on the application of the principles to other nuclei of interest.
Eckman, R.R.
Identified particle production, azimuthal anisotropy, and interferometry measurements in Au+Au collisions at sqrt sNN = 9.2 GeV
We present the first measurements of identified hadron production, azimuthal anisotropy, and pion interferometry from Au+Au collisions below the nominal injection energy at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. The data were collected using the large acceptance STAR detector at {radical}s{sub NN} = 9.2 GeV from a test run of the collider in the year 2008. Midrapidity results on multiplicity density (dN/dy) in rapidity (y), average transverse momentum (), particle ratios, elliptic flow, and HBT radii are consistent with the corresponding results at similar {radical}s{sub NN} from fixed target experiments. Directed flow measurements are presented for both midrapidity and forward rapidity regions. Furthermore the collision centrality dependence of identified particle dN/dy, , and particle ratios are discussed. These results also demonstrate that the capabilities of the STAR detector, although optimized for {radical}s{sub NN} = 200 GeV, are suitable for the proposed QCD critical point search and exploration of the QCD phase diagram at RHIC.
STAR Collaboration; Abelev, Betty
Pore geometry in woven fiber structures: 0{degree}/90{degree} plain-weave cloth layup preform
Composite preform fiber architectures range from the very simple to the complex, and the extremes are typified by parallel continuous fibers and complicated three-dimensional woven structures. Subsequent processing of these preforms to produce dense composites may depend critically on the geometry of the interfiber porosity. The goal of this study is to fully characterize the structure of a 0{degree}/90{degree} cloth layup preform using x-ray tomographic microscopy (XTM). This characterization includes the measurement of intercloth channel widths and their variability, the transverse distribution of through-cloth holes, and the distribution of preform porosity. The structure of the intercloth porosity depends critically on the magnitude and direction of the offset between adjacent cloth layers. The structures observed include two-dimensional networks of open pipes linking adjacent holes, arrays of parallel one-dimensional pipes linking holes, and relatively closed channels exhibiting little structure, and these different structures would appear to offer very different resistances to gas flow through the preform. These measurements, and future measurements for different fiber architectures, will yield improved understanding of the role of preform structure on processing. {copyright} {ital 1998 Materials Research Society.}
Lee, S. [Republic of Korea Army Headquarters, Chungnam, Nonsan, Duma Namson (Republic of Korea); Stock, S.R. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332-0245 (United States); Butts, M.D. [Chicago Bridge and Iron, Chicago, Illinois (United States); Starr, T.L. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332-0245 (United States); Breunig, T.M. [Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California94143-0758 (United States); Kinney, J.H. [Chemistry and Materials Science Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550 (United States)
Weinberg Angle and Integer Electric Charges of Quarks
Orthogonality between photon and Z boson involves the Weinberg angle and a scheme for assignments of electric charge and weak isospin to leptons and quarks coupling to photon and Z. The Han-Nambu scheme, with integer electric charges for quarks, satisfies photon-Z orthogonality with sin^2(theta_W)= 0.25 in leading order. Experimental results for photon-photon fusion into charm-anticharm and bottom-antibottom pairs provide further support for assigning integer electric charges to quarks.
Martin A. Faessler
New Degree Programs Plug Students in to Energy Fields - Materials ...
Aug 25, 2009 ... ESTEC now has four energy system programs and plans to add a nuclear operations degree in January and hydroelectric and geothermal�...
Brief 70 Nuclear Engineering Enrollments and Degrees, 2011 Summary Information
The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2010 and August 31, 2011. Enrollment information refers to the fall term 2011. The enrollment and degree data include students majoring in nuclear engineering or in an option program equivalent to a major. Thirty-two academic programs reported having nuclear engineering programs during 2011, and data was received from all thirty-two programs. The data for two nuclear engineering programs include enrollments and degrees in health physics options that are also reported in the health physics enrollments and degrees data.
Dr. Don Johnson
Spin and Charge Degrees of Freedom in the Copper Oxide ...
... Spin and Charge Degrees of Freedom in the Copper Oxide Superconductor La 2-x Ba x CuO 4. Sarah Dunsiger, McMaster University. ...
Solar Eclipse Monitoring for Solar Energy Applications Using the Solar and Moon Position Algorithms
This report includes a procedure for implementing an algorithm (described by Jean Meeus) to calculate the moon's zenith angle with uncertainty of +/-0.001 degrees and azimuth angle with uncertainty of +/-0.003 degrees. The step-by-step format presented here simplifies the complicated steps Meeus describes to calculate the Moon's position, and focuses on the Moon instead of the planets and stars. It also introduces some changes to accommodate for solar radiation applications.
Reda, I.
EXOPLANETS FROM THE ARCTIC: THE FIRST WIDE-FIELD SURVEY AT 80 Degree-Sign N
Located within 10 Degree-Sign of the North Pole, northern Ellesmere Island offers continuous darkness in the winter months. This capability can greatly enhance the detection efficiency of planetary transit surveys and other time domain astronomy programs. We deployed two wide-field cameras at 80 Degree-Sign N, near Eureka, Nunavut, for a 152 hr observing campaign in 2012 February. The 16 megapixel camera systems were based on commercial f/1.2 lenses with 70 mm and 42 mm apertures, and they continuously imaged 504 and 1295 deg{sup 2}, respectively. In total, the cameras took over 44,000 images and produced better than 1% precision light curves for approximately 10,000 stars. We describe a new high-speed astrometric and photometric data reduction pipeline designed for the systems, test several methods for the precision flat fielding of images from very-wide-angle cameras, and evaluate the cameras' image qualities. We achieved a scintillation-limited photometric precision of 1%-2% in each 10 s exposure. Binning the short exposures into 10 minute chunks provided a photometric stability of 2-3 mmag, sufficient for the detection of transiting exoplanets around the bright stars targeted by our survey. We estimate that the cameras, when operated over the full Arctic winter, will be capable of discovering several transiting exoplanets around bright (m{sub V} < 9.5) stars.
Law, Nicholas M.; Sivanandam, Suresh [Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H4 (Canada); Carlberg, Raymond; Salbi, Pegah; Ngan, Wai-Hin Wayne; Kerzendorf, Wolfgang [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H4 (Canada); Ahmadi, Aida [University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 (Canada); Steinbring, Eric; Murowinski, Richard, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [National Science Infrastructure, National Research Council Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, V9E 2E7 (Canada)
The global betatron decoupling on the ramp is an important issue for the operation of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). A new scheme, coupling angle modulation, was found. By modulating two orthogonal skew quadrupole families, an extra rotating coupling is introduced into the coupled machine. The skew quadrupole modulation frequency is about 0.2Hz for the RHIC ramp, and 0.5Hz at injection and store. The eigentune changes are tracked with a high resolution phase lock loop (PLL) tune measurement system. The global coupling correction strengths are determined by the modulation skew quadrupole strengths at the minimum eigentune split multiplied by a factor k. k is determined by the uncoupled eigentune split and the maximum and the minimum tune split during the skew quadrupole modulation. This decoupling scheme is fast and robust. It had been verified at the RHIC and has been applied for the RHIC global decoupling on the ramp. In this article, the principle of the coupling angle modulation is presented in detail. Simulation results are also shown.
Electron bunch injection at an angle into a laser wakefield
External injection of electron bunches longer than the plasma wavelength in a laser wakefield accelerator can lead to the generation of femtosecond ultrarelativistic bunches with a couple of percent energy spread. Extensive study has been done on external electron bunch (e.g. one generated by a photo-cathode rf linac) injection in a laser wakefield for different configurations. In this paper we investigate a new way of external injection where the electron bunch is injected at a small angle into the wakefield. This way one can avoid the ponderomotive scattering as well as the vacuum-plasma transition region, which tend to destroy the injected bunch. In our simulations, the effect of the laser pulse dynamics is also taken into account. It is shown that injection at an angle can provide compressed and accelerated electron bunches with less than 2% energy spread. Another advantage of this scheme is that it has less stringent requirements in terms of the size of the injected bunch and there is the potential to tr...
Luttikhof, M J H; Van Goor, F A; Boller, K -J
ERROR ESTIMATES FOR FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS FOR A WIDE-ANGLE `PARABOLIC' EQUATION G. D. AKRIVIS-value problem for a third-order p.d.e., a wide-angle `parabolic' equation frequently used in underwater. wide-angle `parabolic' equation, Underwater Acoustics, finite difference error esti- mates, interface
Challenging claims of "elliptic flow" by comparing azimuth quadrupole and jet-related angular correlations from Au-Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 62 and 200 GeV
Background: A component of azimuth correlations from high-energy heavy ion collisions varying as $\\cos(2\\phi)$ and denoted by symbol $v_2$ is conventionally interpreted to represent "elliptic flow," a hydrodynamic manifestation of the initial-state \\aa overlap geometry. Several numerical methods are used to estimate $v_2$, resulting in various combinations of "flow" and "nonflow" that reveal systematic biases in the $v_2$ estimates. QCD jets contribute strongly to azimuth correlations and specifically to the $\\cos(2\\phi)$ component. Purpose: We question the extent of jet-related ("nonflow") bias in and hydrodynamic "flow" interpretations of $v_2$ measurements. Method: We introduce two-dimensional (2D) model fits to angular correlation data that distinguish accurately between jet-related correlation components and a {\\em nonjet azimuth quadrupole} that might represent "elliptic flow" if that were relevant. We compare measured jet-related and "flow"-related data systematics and determine the jet-related contribution to $v_2$ measurements. Results: Jet structure does introduce substantial bias to conventional $v_2$ measurements, making interpretation difficult. The nonjet quadrupole exhibits very simple systematics on centrality and collision energy---the two variables factorize. Within a \\auau centrality interval where jets show no indication of rescattering or medium effects the nonjet quadrupole amplitude rises to 60% of its maximum value. Conclusions: Disagreements between nonjet quadrupole systematics and hydro theory expectations, the large quadrupole amplitudes observed in more-peripheral \\auau collisions and a significant nonzero value in \
Thomas A. Trainor; David T. Kettler; Duncan J. Prindle; R. L. Ray
Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2007 Data
The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2006 and August 31, 2007. Enrollment information refers to the fall term 2007. Twenty-nine academic programs were included in the survey universe, and 28 of the 29 responded. The report includes data by degree level including citizenship, gender, and race/ethnicity plus enrollments of junior and senior undergraduate students and graduate students.
Analysis and Evaluation, Science Education Programs
Brief 67 Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2009 Data
This survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2008 and August 31, 2009. Enrollment information refers to the fall term 2009. Twenty-four academic programs were included in the survey universe, and all twenty-four responded. The report includes data by degree level including citizenship, gender, and race/ethnicity, plus enrollments of junior and senior undergraduate students and graduate students.
Dr. Larry M. Blair, Analysis and Evaluation, Science Education Programs
Bachelor of Arts in Social Work Degree (BASW) Program
Bachelor of Arts in Social Work Degree (BASW) Program e School of Social Work offers a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in Social Work. is new BASW program is the only baccalaureate social work program in the Oregon University System. e Portland State University's School of Social Work is excited
An acceleration of the characteristics by a space-angle two-level method using surface discontinuity factors
We present a non-linear space-angle two-level acceleration scheme for the method of the characteristics (MOC). To the fine level on which the MOC transport calculation is performed, we associate a more coarsely discretized phase space in which a low-order problem is solved as an acceleration step. Cross sections on the coarse level are obtained by a flux-volume homogenisation technique, which entails the non-linearity of the acceleration. Discontinuity factors per surface are introduced as additional degrees of freedom on the coarse level in order to ensure the equivalence of the heterogeneous and the homogenised problem. After each fine transport iteration, a low-order transport problem is iteratively solved on the homogenised grid. The solution of this problem is then used to correct the angular moments of the flux resulting from the previous free transport sweep. Numerical tests for a given benchmark have been performed. Results are discussed. (authors)
Grassi, G. [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, CEA de Saclay, DM2S/SERMA/LENR, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Azimuthal anisotropy ($v_{2}$) of high-p$_{T}$ $?^{0}$ and direct $?$ in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
Preliminary results from the STAR collaboration of the azimuthal anisotropy $(v_{2})$ of $\\pi^{0}$ and direct photon ($\\gamma_{dir}$) at high transverse momentum (p$_{T}$) from Au+Au collisions at center-of-mass energy $\\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$~GeV are presented. A shower-shape analysis is used to select a sample free of direct photons ($\\pi^0$) and a sample rich in direct photons $\\gamma_{rich}$. The relative contribution of background in the $\\gamma_{rich}$ sample is determined assuming no associated charged particles nearby $\\gamma_{dir}$. The $v_{2}$ of direct photons ($v_{2}^{\\gamma_{dir}}$) at mid-rapidity ($|\\eta^{\\gamma_{dir}}|<1$) and high p$_{T}$ ($8< p_{T}^{\\gamma_{dir}}<16$~GeV/$c$) is extracted from those of $\\pi^{0}$ and neutral particles measured in the same kinematic range. In mid-central Au+Au collisions (10-40$\\%$), the $v_{2}$ of $\\pi^0$ ($v_{2}^{\\pi^{0}}(p_{T})$) and charged particles ($v_{2}^{ch}(p_{T})$) are found to be $\\sim$ 0.12 and nearly independent of p$_{T}$. The measured $v_{2}^{\\gamma_{dir}}(p_{T})$ is positive finite and systematically smaller than that of $\\pi^{0}$ and charged particles by a factor of $\\sim$ 3. Although the large $v_{2}^{\\pi^{0}}$ at such high p$_{T}$ might be partially due to the path-length dependence of energy loss, the non-zero value of $v_{2}^{\\gamma_{dir}}$ indicates a bias of the reaction plane determination due to the presence of jets in the events. Systematic studies are currently in progress.
A parameterization of linear coupling in action-angle coordinates is convenient for analytical calculations and interpretation of turn-by-turn (TBT) beam position monitor (BPM) data. We demonstrate how to use this parameterization to extract the twiss and coupling parameters in interaction regions (IRs), using BPMs on each side of the long IR drift region. The example of TBT BPM analysis was acquired at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), using an AC dipole to excite a single eigenmode. Besides the full treatment, a fast estimate of beta*, the beta function at the interaction point (IP), is provided, along with the phase advance between these BPMs. We also calculate and measure the waist of the beta function and the local optics.
Active probing of cloud multiple scattering, optical depth, vertical thickness, and liquid water content using wide-angle imaging LIDAR.
At most optical wavelengths, laser light in a cloud lidar experiment is not absorbed but merely scattered out of the beam, eventually escaping the cloud via multiple scattering. There is much information available in this light scattered far from the input beam, information ignored by traditional 'on-beam' lidar. Monitoring these off-beam returns in a fully space- and time-resolved manner is the essence of our unique instrument, Wide Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL). In effect, WAIL produces wide-field (60-degree full-angle) 'movies' of the scattering process and records the cloud's radiative Green functions. A direct data product of WAIL is the distribution of photon path lengths resulting from multiple scattering in the cloud. Following insights from diffusion theory, we can use the measured Green functions to infer the physical thickness and optical depth of the cloud layer, and, from there, estimate the volume-averaged liquid water content. WAIL is notable in that it is applicable to optically thick clouds, a regime in which traditional lidar is reduced to ceilometry. Here we present recent WAIL data oti various clouds and discuss the extension of WAIL to full diurnal monitoring by means of an ultra-narrow magneto-optic atomic line filter for daytime measurements.
Love, Steven P.; Davis, A. B. (Anthony B.); Rohde, C. A. (Charles A.); Tellier, L. L. (Larry L.); Ho, Cheng,
College of Agriculture Departments and Degree Programs Agricultural
Agricultural Education Animal & Range Sciences Land Resources & Environmental Sciences Immunology & Infectious Diseases Multi Disciplinary Agricultural Business Agricultural Education Animal Science Natural Resources & Rangeland Ecology Environmental Sciences Pre-Vet Program (non-degree) Biotechnology Sustainable Foods
Lawrence, Rick L.
The Complexity of Approximating Bounded-Degree Boolean #CSP
The degree of a CSP instance is the maximum number of times that a variable may appear in the scope of constraints. We consider the approximate counting problem for Boolean CSPs with bounded-degree instances for constraint languages containing the two unary constant relations {0} and {1}. When the maximum degree is at least 25 we obtain a complete classification of the complexity of this problem. It is exactly solvable in polynomial-time if every relation in the constraint language is affine. It is equivalent to the problem of approximately counting independent sets in bipartite graphs if every relation can be expressed as conjunctions of {0}, {1} and binary implication. Otherwise, there is no FPRAS unless NP=RP. For lower degree bounds, additional cases arise in which the complexity is related to the complexity of approximately counting independent sets in hypergraphs.
Dyer, Martin; Jalsenius, Markus; Richerby, David
Heating Degree Day Data Applied to Residential Heating Energy Consumption
Site-specific total electric energy and heating oil consumption for individual residences show a very high correlation with National Weather Service airport temperature data when transformed to heating degree days. Correlations of regional total ...
Robert G. Quayle; Henry F. Diaz
Nuclear Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2008 Data
The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2007, and August 31, 2008, and fall 2008 enrollments. Thirty-one academic programs reported having nuclear engineering programs during 2008, and data was provided by all thirty-one programs.
Nuclear Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2007 Data
The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2006, and August 1, 2007, and fall 2007 enrollments. Thirty-one academic programs reported having nuclear engineering programs during 2007, and data was obtained for all thirty-one.
Brief 66 Nuclear Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2009 Data
The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2008 and August 31, 2009, and fall 2009 enrollments. Thirty-two academic programs reported having nuclear engineering programs during 2009, and data was obtained from all thirty-two.
Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2008 Data
The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2007 and August 31, 2008. Enrollment information refers to the fall term 2008. Twenty-six academic programs were included in the survey universe, and all 26 programs provided data.
A kinematic coupling based 6 degrees of freedom dynamometer
A new 6-degree of freedom dynamometer is presented. Six load cells measure the normal forces at the contact points of a three groove kinematic coupling. Three toggle clamps are used to preload the machine, so that it does ...
Moreu Gamazo, Jaime
Energy Management Degree Specialization at Texas A&M University
The Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M offers unique degree programs with a specialization in energy management. The most popular of the degree offered is a professional degree, the Master of Engineering, which blends technical courses in energy management with professional development courses such as finance, management accounting, and economics. The industrial-oriented degree also requires a 3-6 month internship in industry, for which the students receive academic credit. The internship program allows students to receive valuable on-the-job experience while providing industries with trained engineers to assist in solving specific problems. The overall objective of the energy management program is to train industrial energy managers who will be able to help solve one of the most urgent, long-term problems facing this country--the energy shortage.
Murphy, W. E.
German noch so: scalar degree operator and negative polarity item
This paper describes a puzzle introduced by German noch so, a degree operator and Negative Polarity Item. Noch so sentences allow for paraphrases containing a scalar particle (like even), suggesting that its polarity sensitivity can receive an analysis ...
Bernhard Schwarz
Variability of Population-Weighted Seasonal Heating Degree Days
Regional and national heating fuel demand is related to both weather and population density. This study analyzes the variability of population-weighted, seasonal heating degree days for the coterminous 48 states. A risk assessment of unusual ...
Nathaniel B. Guttman
Degree-Day Formulations and Application in Turkey
Degree-days are fundamental design parameters in many application fields such as power generation and consumption, agriculture, architecture, snow melt estimation, environmental energy planning, population siting, and military domains. Depending ...
Mikdat Kadioglu; Zekai ?en
Estimating Historical Heating and Cooling Needs. Per Capita Degree Days
Time series of approximate United States average annual per capita heating and cooling degree days for the years 1895�1983 are presented. The data reflect the combined effects of climate fluctuations and population shifts, and can be used in ...
M. W. Downton; T. R. Stewart; K. A. Miller
Dynamics of Manipulators with Less Than One Degree of Freedom
We have developed an efficient Lagrangian formulation of manipulators with small numbers of degrees of freedom. The efficiency derives from the lack of velocities, accelerations, and generalized forces. The number of ...
Hillis, D.
A small angle neutron scattering investigation of the kinetics of phase separation in an Fe-27. 5 at. % Cr-5. 6 at. % Ni alloy
The small angle neutron scattering has been investigated in situ at 450{degree} and 500{degree}C for a polycrystalline, duplex Fe-27.5 at. % Cr-5.6 at. % Ni steel. A broad diffuse maximum in the scattering function is the signature of the {alpha}{prime}-phase formation, and this maximum is superimposed on a strong, temperature-dependent component due to critical magnetic scattering. The time dependence of the shift in the peak intensity position to lower scattering vectors and the increase in peak intensity obey power law scaling behavior. Furthermore, the structure function exhibits dynamical scaling, after about three hours annealing. It is suggested that this behavior could be utilized to predict the microstructure, and hence some of the properties, after significantly longer annealing times. 21 refs., 3 figs.
Epperson, J.E. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)); Rainey, V.S.; Windsor, C.G. (UKAEA Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell (UK). Materials Physics and Metallurgy Div.); Hawick, K.A. (Edinburgh Univ. (UK). Dept. of Physics); Chen, H. (Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL (USA). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering)
High-pressure Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
A high-pressure magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR capability, consisting of a reusable high-pressure MAS rotor, a high-pressure loading/reaction chamber for in situ sealing and re-opening of the high-pressure MAS rotor, and a MAS probe with a localized RF coil for background signal suppression, is reported. The unusual technical challenges associated with development of a reusable high-pressure MAS rotor are addressed in part by modifying standard ceramics for the rotor sleeve to include micro-groves at the internal surface at both ends of the cylinder. In this way, not only is the advantage of ceramic cylinders for withstanding very high-pressure utilized, but also plastic bushings can be glued tightly in place so that other plastic sealing mechanisms/components and O-rings can be mounted to create the desired high-pressure seal. Using this strategy, sealed internal pressures exceeding 150 bars have been achieved and sustained under ambient external pressure with minimal penetration loss of pressure for 72 hours. As an application example, in situ 13C MAS NMR studies of mineral carbonation reaction intermediates and final products of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) reacted with supercritical CO2 and H2O at 150 bar and 50?C are reported, with relevance to geological sequestration of carbon dioxide.
Hoyt, David W.; Turcu, Romulus VF; Sears, Jesse A.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Burton, Sarah D.; Felmy, Andrew R.; Hu, Jian Z.
Consistent Adjoint Driven Importance Sampling using Space, Energy and Angle
For challenging radiation transport problems, hybrid methods combine the accuracy of Monte Carlo methods with the global information present in deterministic methods. One of the most successful hybrid methods is CADIS Consistent Adjoint Driven Importance Sampling. This method uses a deterministic adjoint solution to construct a biased source distribution and consistent weight windows to optimize a specific tally in a Monte Carlo calculation. The method has been implemented into transport codes using just the spatial and energy information from the deterministic adjoint and has been used in many applications to compute tallies with much higher figures-of-merit than analog calculations. CADIS also outperforms user-supplied importance values, which usually take long periods of user time to develop. This work extends CADIS to develop weight windows that are a function of the position, energy, and direction of the Monte Carlo particle. Two types of consistent source biasing are presented: one method that biases the source in space and energy while preserving the original directional distribution and one method that biases the source in space, energy, and direction. Seven simple example problems are presented which compare the use of the standard space/energy CADIS with the new space/energy/angle treatments.
Peplow, Douglas E. [ORNL; Mosher, Scott W [ORNL; Evans, Thomas M [ORNL
Cosmological lepton asymmetry with a nonzero mixing angle $\\theta_{13}$
While the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is nowadays well measured by cosmological observations, the bounds on the lepton asymmetry in the form of neutrinos are still significantly weaker. We place limits on the relic neutrino asymmetries using some of the latest cosmological data, taking into account the effect of flavor oscillations. We present our results for two different values of the neutrino mixing angle \\theta_{13}, and show that for large \\theta_{13} the limits on the total neutrino asymmetry become more stringent, diluting even large initial flavor asymmetries. In particular, we find that the present bounds are still dominated by the limits coming from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, while the limits on the total neutrino mass from cosmological data are essentially independent of \\theta_{13}. Finally, we perform a forecast for COrE, taken as an example of a future CMB experiment, and find that it could improve the limits on the total lepton asymmetry approximately by up to a factor 5.
Castorina, Emanuele; Lattanzi, Massimiliano; Lesgourgues, Julien; Mangano, Gianpiero; Melchiorri, Alessandro; Pastor, Sergio
The E158 experiment at SLAC has made the first measurement of parity violation in electron-electron (Moeller) scattering. The authors report a preliminary result using 50% of the accumulated data sample for the right-left parity-violating cross-section asymmetry (A{sub PV}) in the elastic scattering of 45 and 48 GeV polarized electron beams with unpolarized electrons in a liquid hydrogen target. They find A{sub PV} = (-160 {+-} 21(stat.) {+-} 17(syst.)) {center_dot} 10{sup -9}, with a significance of 6.3{sigma} for observing parity violation. In the context of the Standard Model, this yields a measurement of the weak mixing angle, sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub W}{sup {ovr MS}} (Q{sup 2} = 0.026GeV{sup 2}) = 0.2379 {+-} 0.0016(stat.) {+-} 0.0013(syst.). They also present preliminary results for the first observation of a single-spin transverse asymmetry in Moeller scattering.
Woods, M
Characterization of photosynthetic supramolecular assemblies using small angle neutron scattering
We are using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to resolve structural features of supramolecular assemblies of photosynthetic proteins in liquid and frozen solutions. SANS resolves the size, shape, and structural homogeneity of macromolecular assemblies in samples identical to those used for spectroscopic assays of photosynthetic function. Likely molecular structures of the supramolecular assemblies can be identified by comparing experimental scattering data with scattering profiles calculated for model supramolecular assemblies built from crystal structures of the individual proteins. SANS studies of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center, RC, presented here, show that the detergent solubilized RC exists in a variety of monomeric and aggregation states. The distribution between monomer and aggregate was found to depend strongly upon detergent, temperature and nature of additives, such as ethylene glycol used for low temperature spectroscopy and polyethylene glycol used for crystallization. Likely aggregate structures are being identified by fitting the experimental scattering profiles with those calculated for model aggregates built-up using the RC crystal structure. This work establishes the foundation for using SANS to identify intermediates in the RC crystallization pathways, and for determining likely structures of complexes formed between the RC and its physiological reaction partners, cytochrome c, and the LHI antenna complex.
Tiede, D.M.; Marone, P.; Wagner, A.M.; Thiyagarajan, P.
NA Standards | Valence Geometries | Bond Lengths & Angles - Adenine
Adenine Adenine ---------------------------------------------------- Bond or Angle Mean (esd, N) Value ---------------------------------------------------- N1-C2 1.339 (0.009, 48) C2-N3 1.331 (0.009, 48) N3-C4 1.344 (0.006, 48) C4-C5 1.383 (0.007, 48) C5-C6 1.406 (0.009, 48) C6-N1 1.351 (0.007, 48) C5-N7 1.388 (0.006, 48) N7-C8 1.311 (0.007, 48) C8-N9 1.373 (0.008, 48) N9-C4 1.374 (0.006, 48) C6-N6 1.335 (0.008, 48) N9-C1' 1.462 (0.010, 48) C6-N1-C2 118.6 (0.6, 48) N1-C2-N3 129.3 (0.5, 48) C2-N3-C4 110.6 (0.5, 48) N3-C4-C5 126.8 (0.7, 48) C4-C5-C6 117.0 (0.5, 48) C5-C6-N1 117.7 (0.5, 48) C4-C5-N7 110.7 (0.5, 48) C5-N7-C8 103.9 (0.5, 48)
NA Standards | Valence Geometries | Bond Lengths & Angles - Protonated
Protonated Adenine Protonated Adenine ---------------------------------------------------- Bond or Angle Mean (esd, N) Value ---------------------------------------------------- N1-C2 1.357 (0.009, 15) C2-N3 1.305 (0.008, 15) N3-C4 1.356 (0.006, 15) C4-C5 1.378 (0.008, 15) C5-C6 1.403 (0.007, 15) C6-N1 1.359 (0.007, 15) C5-N7 1.379 (0.005, 15) N7-C8 1.312 (0.008, 15) C8-N9 1.373 (0.009, 15) N9-C4 1.365 (0.007, 15) C6-N6 1.320 (0.008, 15) N9-C1' 1.466 (0.009, 15) C6-N1-C2 123.3 (0.6, 15) N1-C2-N3 125.7 (0.6, 15) C2-N3-C4 111.6 (0.4, 15) N3-C4-C5 127.4 (0.6, 15) C4-C5-C6 117.9 (0.5, 15) C5-C6-N1 114.0 (0.4, 15) C4-C5-N7 111.0 (0.3, 15) C5-N7-C8 103.7 (0.4, 15)
NA Standards | Valence Geometries | Bond Lengths & Angles - Guanine
Guanine Guanine ---------------------------------------------------- Bond or Angle Mean (esd, N) Value ---------------------------------------------------- N1-C2 1.373 (0.008, 21) C2-N3 1.323 (0.008, 21) N3-C4 1.350 (0.007, 21) C4-C5 1.379 (0.007, 21) C5-C6 1.419 (0.010, 21) C6-N1 1.391 (0.007, 21) C5-N7 1.388 (0.006, 21) N7-C8 1.305 (0.006, 21) C8-N9 1.374 (0.007, 21) N9-C4 1.375 (0.008, 21) C2-N2 1.341 (0.010, 21) C6-O6 1.237 (0.009, 21) N9-C1' 1.459 (0.009, 21) C6-N1-C2 125.1 (0.6, 21) N1-C2-N3 123.9 (0.6, 21) C2-N3-C4 111.9 (0.5, 21) N3-C4-C5 128.6 (0.5, 21) C4-C5-C6 118.8 (0.6, 21) C5-C6-N1 111.5 (0.5, 21)
Development of a hybrid margin angle controller for HVDC continuous operation
The objective of this paper is to present a new hybrid margin angle control method for HVDC continuous operation under AC system fault conditions. For stable continuous operation of HVDC systems, the margin angle controller must be designed to maintain the necessary margin angle to avoid commutation failures. The proposed method uses the open loop margin angle controller (MAC) as the basic controller, and adds output from the closed loop MAC to correct the control angle. A fast voltage detection algorithm is used for open loop control, and margin angle reference correction using harmonics detection for closed loop control are also developed. The combination of open and closed loop control provides quick responses when faults occur with stable and speedy recovery after fault clearance. The effectiveness of the developed controller is confirmed through EMTP digital simulations and also with the experiments using an analogue simulator.
Sato, M. [Kansai Electric Power Co., Osaka (Japan); Yamaji, K. [Shikoku Electric Power Co., Takamatsu (Japan); Sekita, M. [Electric Power Development Co., Tokyo (Japan); Amano, M.; Nishimura, M.; Konishi, H.; Oomori, T. [Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan)
Method and apparatus for controlling pitch and flap angles of a wind turbine
A wind turbine with improved response to wind conditions is provided. Blade flap angle motion is accompanied by a change in pitch angle by an amount defining a pitch/flap coupling ratio. The coupling ratio is non-constant as a function of a flap angle and is preferably a substantially continuous, non-linear function of flap angle. The non-constant coupling ratio can be provided by mechanical systems such as a series of linkages or by configuring electronic or other control systems and/or angle sensors. A link with a movable proximal end advantageously is part of the mechanical system. The system can provide relatively large coupling ratios and relatively large rates of coupling ratio changes especially for near-feather pitches and low flap angles.
Deering, Kenneth J. (Seattle, WA); Wohlwend, Keith P. (Issaquah, WA)
Anomalous Small-angle Scattering with Soft X-rays at Al and Si K ...
Anomalous Small-angle Scattering with Soft X-rays at Al and Si K Absorption ... and Cooling Cycles in a High Strength Quenched and Tempered Structural Steel.
Effect of Load Phase Angle on Wind Turbine Blade Fatigue Damage: Preprint
This paper examines the importance of phase angle variations with respect to fatigue damage. The operating loads on a generic conventional three-bladed upwind 1.5-MW wind turbine blade were analyzed over a range of operating conditions, and an aggregate probability distribution for the actual phase angles between the in-plane (lead-lag) and out-of-plane (flap) loads was determined. Using a finite element model of a generic blade and Miner's Rule, the accumulated theoretical damage (based on axial strains) resulting from a fatigue test with variable phase angles was compared to the damage resulting from a fatigue test with a constant phase angle. The nodal damage distribution at specific blade cross-sections are compared for the constant and variable phase angle cases. The sequence effects of various phase angle progressions were also considered. For this analysis, the finite element results were processed using the nonlinear Marco-Starkey damage accumulation model. Each phase angle sequence was constrained to have the same overall phase angle distribution and the same total number of cycles but the order in which the phase angles were applied was varied.
White, D. L.; Musial, W. D.
Oscillating HBT radii and the time evolution of the source - sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV Au+Au data analyzed with azimuthally sensitive Buda-Lund hydro model
Identified particle spectra of pions, kaons and (anti)protons, and elliptic flow and azimuthal dependence of Bose-Einstein or HBT correlations of identified pions in sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions is analyzed simultaneously using an ellipsoidally symmetric generalization of the Buda-Lund hydrodynamical model. The transverse flow is found to be faster in the reaction plane than out of plane, which results in a reaction zone that gets slightly more elongated in-plane than out of plane.
A. Ster; M. Csanad; T. Csorgo; B. Lorstad; B. Tomasik
Ster, A; Csorgo, T; Lorstad, B; Tomasik, B
ARM: Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, VISible channel, low-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, VISible channel, low-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Connor Flynn
ARM: Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, VISible channel, high-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, VISible channel, high-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
NA Standards | Valence Geometries | Bond Lengths & Angles - Thymine
Thymine Thymine ---------------------------------------------------- Bond or Angle Mean (esd, N) Value ---------------------------------------------------- N1-C2 1.376 (0.008, 50) C2-N3 1.373 (0.008, 50) N3-C4 1.382 (0.008, 50) C4-C5 1.445 (0.009, 50) C5-C6 1.339 (0.007, 50) C6-N1 1.378 (0.007, 50) C2-O2 1.220 (0.008, 50) C4-O4 1.228 (0.009, 50) C5-M5 1.496 (0.006, 50) N1-C1' 1.473 (0.014, 50) C6-N1-C2 121.3 (0.5, 50) N1-C2-N3 114.6 (0.6, 50) C2-N3-C4 127.2 (0.6, 50) N3-C4-C5 115.2 (0.6, 50) C4-C5-C6 118.0 (0.6, 50) C5-C6-N1 123.7 (0.6, 50) N1-C2-O2 123.1 (0.8, 50) N3-C2-O2 122.3 (0.6, 50) N3-C4-O4 119.9 (0.6, 50) C5-C4-O4 124.9 (0.7, 50) C4-C5-M5 119.0 (0.6, 50)
Protonated Cytosine Protonated Cytosine ---------------------------------------------------- Bond or Angle Mean (esd, N) Value ---------------------------------------------------- N1-C2 1.381 (0.007, 17) C2-N3 1.384 (0.007, 17) N3-C4 1.353 (0.006, 17) C4-C5 1.413 (0.005, 17) C5-C6 1.346 (0.006, 17) C6-N1 1.365 (0.007, 17) C2-O2 1.212 (0.006, 17) C4-N4 1.315 (0.007, 17) N1-C1' 1.483 (0.015, 17) C6-N1-C2 121.7 (0.5, 17) N1-C2-N3 114.7 (0.7, 17) C2-N3-C4 125.3 (0.7, 17) N3-C4-C5 117.6 (0.5, 17) C4-C5-C6 118.4 (0.5, 17) C5-C6-N1 122.2 (0.5, 17) N1-C2-O2 123.4 (0.7, 17) N3-C2-O2 121.9 (0.5, 17) N3-C4-N4 119.5 (0.7, 17) C5-C4-N4 123.0 (0.8, 17) C6-N1-C1' 121.2 (0.9, 17) C2-N1-C1' 116.9 (1.0, 17
NA Standards | Valence Geometries | Bond Lengths & Angles - Uracil
Uracil Uracil ---------------------------------------------------- Bond or Angle Mean (esd, N) Value ---------------------------------------------------- N1-C2 1.381 (0.009, 46) C2-N3 1.373 (0.007, 46) N3-C4 1.380 (0.009, 46) C4-C5 1.431 (0.009, 46) C5-C6 1.337 (0.009, 46) C6-N1 1.375 (0.009, 46) C2-O2 1.219 (0.009, 46) C4-O4 1.232 (0.008, 46) N1-C1' 1.469 (0.014, 46) C6-N1-C2 121.0 (0.6, 46) N1-C2-N3 114.9 (0.6, 46) C2-N3-C4 127.0 (0.6, 46) N3-C4-C5 114.6 (0.6, 46) C4-C5-C6 119.7 (0.6, 46) C5-C6-N1 122.7 (0.5, 46) N1-C2-O2 122.8 (0.7, 46) N3-C2-O2 122.2 (0.7, 46) N3-C4-O4 119.4 (0.7, 46) C5-C4-O4 125.9 (0.6, 46) C6-N1-C1' 121.2 (1.4, 46) C2-N1-C1' 117.7 (1.2, 46
Degree Distribution in Quantum Walks on Complex Networks
In this theoretical study, we analyze quantum walks on complex networks, which model network-based processes ranging from quantum computing to biology and even sociology. Specifically, we analytically relate the average long time probability distribution for the location of a unitary quantum walker to that of a corresponding classical walker. The distribution of the classical walker is proportional to the distribution of degrees, which measures the connectivity of the network nodes and underlies many methods for analyzing classical networks including website ranking. The quantum distribution becomes exactly equal to the classical distribution when the walk has zero energy and at higher energies the difference, the so-called quantumness, is bounded by the energy of the initial state. We give an example for which the quantumness equals a Renyi entropy of the normalized weighted degrees, guiding us to regimes for which the classical degree-dependent result is recovered and others for which quantum effects dominate.
Mauro Faccin; Tomi Johnson; Jacob Biamonte; Sabre Kais; Piotr Migda?
Degree of Polarization at Simultaneous Transmit: Theoretical Aspects
We consider weather radar measurements at simultaneous transmission and simultaneous reception of horizontal and vertical polarizations and show that the degree of polarization at simultaneous transmit (p{sub s}) is related to differential reflectivity and copolar correlation coefficient at simultaneous transmit (namely, Z{sub DR}s and {rho}{sub hy}s). We evaluate the potential of degree of polarization at simultaneous transmit for weather radar applications. Ultimately, we explore the consequences of adjusting the transmit polarization state of dual-polarization weather radars to circular polarization.
Galletti M.; Zrnic, D. S.
Design of the superconducting 45 degree dipole for the CEBAF high resolution spectrometers
The 460-ton dipole for the Hall A 4-GeV/c High Resolution Spectrometer has a bend angle of 45{sup o}, with an 8.4-m radius of curvature and an effective length of 6.6 m. It has a useful width of 100 cm and a 25-cm gap at the central radius of curvature. The dipole provides focusing in the dispersive plane by means of rotated (by 30 degrees) entrance and exit pole faces as well as a field index of -1.25. The end contour geometries have been designed to eliminate higher-order aberrations. The maximum central field is 1.6 T at 4 GeV/c. A field quality of 2 x 10{sup -4} (maximum deviation from the design value) is required over an excitation range from 0.16 T to 1.6 T. The 1.8-kA conductor is a 36-wire flattened cable. It has been designed to have limited cryostability at 4.5 K and 1.3 atm. Each coil is wound as one double pancake against the outer wall of the helium vessel in order to react the in-plane (hoop) loads. The bath-cooled, planar coil features negative curvature on its inner radius and at the exit. The coil produces 400 KAT at full excitation. The stored energy of this magnet is 3.5 MJ.
Alan Gavalya; John Alcorn; Walter Tuzel
Calculation and Analysis of Optimal Tilt Angle for PV/T Hybrid Collector
The use of solar energy received world wide attention in recent years. Solar energy is a free and clean natural resource which can be utilized by using a solar collector. In this paper, a model was presented for the calculation of the optimal tilt angle ... Keywords: Solar energy, Optimal tilt angle, Optimization, PV/T hybrid collector
Xianping Liu
Mobility of organic pollutants in soil components. What role can magic angle spinning NMR play?
Mobility of organic pollutants in soil components. What role can magic angle spinning NMR play? C resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on dry samples. We recently demonstrated the potential of the 1 H high resolution magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR technique to study such mechanisms in situ on highly hydrated
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Pitch Angle Control of Variable Low Rated Speed Wind Turbine Using Fuzzy Logic Control
Abstract � Pitch angle control of wind turbine has been used widely to reduce torque and output power variation in high rated wind speed areas. It is a challenge to maximize available energy in the low rated wind speed areas. In this paper, a wind turbine prototype with a pitch angle control based on fuzzy logic to maximize the output power is built and demonstrated. In the varying low rated wind speed of 4-6 m/s, the use of fuzzy logic controller can maximize the average output power of 14.5 watt compared to 14.0 watt at a fixed pitch angle of the blade. Implementation of pitch angle fuzzy logic-based control to the wind turbine is suitable for the low rated wind speed areas. Index Terms � low rated wind speed areas, pitch angle control, fuzzy logic, wind turbine. T I.
A. Musyafa; A. Harika; I. M. Y. Negara; I. Rob
Materials Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) | Stanford Synchrotron
Materials Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Materials Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Small Angle X-ray Scattering for Materials Science Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a well-established characterization method for microstructure investigations in various materials. It probes electron density differences to give information about structural inhomogeneities from the near atomic scale (1 nm) to the micron scale (1 000 nm). The method involves measuring the scattered X-ray intensity as a function of (typically small) scattering angles and is generally performed in transmission. SAXS is used to characterize the size scale of inhomogeneities (e.g. pores, inclusions, second phase regions) in polymer blends, micro-emulsions, geological materials, bones, cements and ceramics. Instrumentation
Degree centrality for semantic abstraction summarization of therapeutic studies
Automatic summarization has been proposed to help manage the results of biomedical information retrieval systems. Semantic MEDLINE, for example, summarizes semantic predications representing assertions in MEDLINE citations. Results are presented as a ... Keywords: Automatic summarization, Degree centrality, Disease treatment, Graph theory, Natural language processing, Semantic processing
Han Zhang; Marcelo Fiszman; Dongwook Shin; Christopher M. Miller; Graciela Rosemblat; Thomas C. Rindflesch
Estimated Seasonal Cycle of North Atlantic Eighteen Degree Water Volume
The seasonal cycle in the volume and formation rate of Eighteen Degree Water (EDW) in the North Atlantic is quantified over the 3-yr period from 2004 to 2006. The EDW layer is defined as all waters that have a temperature between 17� and 19�C. ...
Ga�l Forget; Guillaume Maze; Martha Buckley; John Marshall
A cumulative belief-degree approach for nuclear safeguards evaluation
Nuclear safeguards are a set of activities to verify that a State is living up to its international undertakings not to use nuclear programs for nuclear weapons purposes. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) uses a hierarchical assessment system ... Keywords: cumulative belif degree, decision making, fuzzy linguistic terms, nuclear safeguards
�zg�r Kabak; Da Ruan
Joint Degree Program in Social Work and Law
Joint Degree Program in Social Work and Law MSW and JD The complexity of current national debates and programs, and social work advocacy activities, including clinical practice, and the law. It is therefore work to remain in good standing and for graduation, the MSW Program follows the Graduate School
An Assessment Model on Green Degree of Biodegradable Packaging Materials
An assessment model of green degree of biodegradable packaging materials is built. The first-order assessment indexes are composed of environmental properties, energy properties, resource properties and economy and the second order assessment index are ... Keywords: packaging materials, analytic hierarchy process, life cycle assessment
Xiaoming Zuo; Zhaomei Xu
Commissioning of the CMS zero degree calorimeter using LHC beam
This paper reports on the commissioning and first running experience of the CMS Zero Degree Calorimeters during December 2009. All channels worked correctly. The ZDCs were timed into the data acquisition system using beam splash events. These data also allowed us to make a first estimate of channel-by-channel variations in gain.
O. Grachov; M. Murray; J. Wood; Y. Onel; S. Sen; T. Yetkin
Measurement of the Weak Mixing Angle in Moller Scattering
The weak mixing parameter, sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w}, is one of the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model. Its tree-level value has been measured with high precision at energies near the Z{sup 0} pole; however, due to radiative corrections at the one-loop level, the value of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w} is expected to change with the interaction energy. As a result, a measurement of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w} at low energy (Q{sup 2} << m{sub Z}, where Q{sup 2} is the momentum transfer and m{sub Z} is the Z boson mass), provides a test of the Standard Model at the one-loop level, and a probe for new physics beyond the Standard Model. One way of obtaining sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w} at low energy is from measuring the left-right, parity-violating asymmetry in electron-electron (Moeller) scattering: A{sub PV} = {sigma}{sub R}-{sigma}{sub L}/{sigma}{sub R}+{sigma}{sub L}, where {sigma}{sub R} and {sigma}{sub L} are the cross sections for right- and left-handed incident electrons, respectively. The parity violating asymmetry is proportional to the pseudo-scalar weak neutral current coupling in Moeller scattering, g{sub ee}. At tree level g{sub ee} = (1/4 -sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w}). A precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in Moeller scattering was performed by Experiment E158 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). During the experiment, {approx}50 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons scattered off unpolarized atomic electrons in a liquid hydrogen target, corresponding to an average momentum transfer Q{sup 2} {approx} 0.03 (GeV/c){sup 2}. The tree-level prediction for A{sub PV} at such energy is {approx}300 ppb. However one-loop radiative corrections reduce its value by {approx}40%. This document reports the E158 results from the 2002 data collection period. The parity-violating asymmetry was found to be A{sub PV} = -160 {+-} 21 (stat.) {+-} 17 (syst.) ppb, which represents the first observation of a parity-violating asymmetry in Moeller scattering. This value corresponds to a weak mixing angle at Q{sup 2} = 0.026 (GeV/c){sup 2} of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w{ovr MS}} = 0.2379 {+-} 0.0016 (stat.) {+-} 0.0013 (syst.), which is -0.3 standard deviations away from the Standard Model prediction: sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w{ovr MS}}{sup predicted} = 0.2385 {+-} 0.0006 (theory). The E158 measurement of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w} at a precision of {delta}(sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w}) = 0.0020 provides new physics sensitivity at the TeV scale.
Klejda, B.
Contact angle hysteresis of cylindrical drops on chemically heterogeneous striped surfaces
Contact angle hysteresis of a macroscopic droplet on a heterogeneous but flat substrate is studied using the interface displacement model. First, the apparent contact angle of a droplet on a heterogeneous surface under the condition of constant volume is considered. By assuming a cylindrical liquid-vapor surface (meniscus) and minimizing the total free energy, we derive an equation for the apparent contact angle, which is similar but different from the well-known Cassie's law. Next, using this modified Cassie's law as a guide to predict the behavior of a droplet on a heterogeneous striped surface, we examine several scenarios of contact angle hysteresis using a periodically striped surface model. By changing the volume of the droplet, we predict a sudden jump of the droplet edge, and a continuous change of the apparent contact angle at the edge of two stripes. Our results suggest that as drop volume is increased (advancing contact lines), the predominant drop configuration observed is the one whose contact angle is large; whereas, decreasing drop volume from a large value (receding contact lines) yields drop configuration that predominantly exhibit the smaller contact angle.
Masao Iwamatsu
A method is given for detecting, indicating, and controlling the degree of fluidization in a fluid-bed reactor into which powdered material is fed. The method comprises admitting of gas into the reactor, inserting a springsupported rod into the powder bed of the reactor, exciting the rod to vibrate at its resonant frequency, deriving a signal responsive to the amplitude of vibi-ation of the rod and spring, the signal being directiy proportional to the rate of flow of the gas through the reactor, displaying the signal to provide an indication of the degree of fluidization within the reactor, and controlling the rate of gas flow into the reactor until said signal stabilizes at a constant value to provide substantially complete fluidization within the reactor. (AEC)
Levey, R.P. Jr.; Fowler, A.H.
ORISE: Nuclear engineering degrees at highest ranges since 1980s
ORISE report shows graduation, enrollment rates for nuclear engineering ORISE report shows graduation, enrollment rates for nuclear engineering candidates are still at highest ranges reported since 1980s Report also shows shifts in career opportunities beyond graduation in nuclear utilities FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Nov. 2, 2011 FY12-04 OAK RIDGE, Tenn.-After a one-year decline, the number of graduate and undergraduate nuclear engineering degrees earned in the United States bounced back in 2010. A recent report from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education shows enrollments of both undergraduate and graduate nuclear engineering students are still in the highest ranges reported since the early 1980s. Despite the continued growth trend in enrollments and degrees, the report also revealed that the reported plans of graduates show fewer had plans to
Role of the target orientation angle and orbital angular momentum in the evaporation residue production
The influence of the orientation angles of the target nucleus symmetry axis relative to the beam direction on the production of the evaporation residues is investigated for the $^{48}$Ca+$^{154}$Sm reaction as a function of the beam energy. At low energies ($E_{\\rm c.m.}orientation angles ($\\alpha_Torientation angles $\\alpha_T$ can contribute to the evaporation residue cross section $\\sigma_{ER}$ in the 10--100 mb range, and at $E_{c.m.}>$180 MeV $\\sigma_{ER}$ ranges around 0.1--10 mb because the fission barrier for a compound nucleus decreases by increasing its excitation energy and angular momentum.
Giovanni Fazio; Giorgio Giardina; Francis Hanappe; Giuseppe Mandaglio; Marina Manganaro; Akhtam I. Muminov; Avazbek K. Nasirov; Carmelo Sacca
Analysis of the incidence angle of the beam radiation on CPC. [Compound Parabolic Concentrator
Analytic expressions have been derived for the projected incidence angles {var theta}{sub 1} and {var theta}{sub 2} from a two-dimensional compound parabolic concentrator solar collector. For a CPC the fraction of the incident rays on the aperture at angle {var theta}, which reaches the absorber, depends only on the {var theta}{sub 1} angle. In this paper, a mathematical expression for {var theta}{sub 1} and {var theta}{sub t} has been calculated to determine the times at which acceptance of the sun's beam radiation begins and ceases for a CPC consisting of arbitrary orientation.
Pinazo, J.M.; Canada, J.; Arago, F. (Univ. Politecnica de Valencia (Spain))
Degree-distribution stability of scale-free networks
Based on the concept and techniques of first-passage probability in Markov chain theory, this letter provides a rigorous proof for the existence of the steady-state degree distribution of the scale-free network generated by the Barabasi-Albert (BA) model, and mathematically re-derives the exact analytic formulas of the distribution. The approach developed here is quite general, applicable to many other scale-free types of complex networks.
Zhenting Hou; Xiangxing Kong; Dinghua Shi; Guanrong Chen
A rigid cone in the truth-table degrees with jump
The automorphism group of the truth-table degrees with order and jump is fixed on the set of degrees above the fourth jump of 0.
Kjos-Hanssen, Bj�rn
Cryogenic sample exchange NMR probe for magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization
We describe a cryogenic sample exchange system that dramatically improves the efficiency of magic angle spinning (MAS) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments by reducing the time required to change samples and by ...
Barnes, Alexander B.
Dependence of Land Surface Albedo on Solar Zenith Angle: Observations and Model Parameterization
This study examines the dependence of surface albedo on solar zenith angle (SZA) over snow-free land surfaces using the intensive observations of surface shortwave fluxes made by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (...
Fanglin Yang; Kenneth Mitchell; Yu-Tai Hou; Yongjiu Dai; Xubin Zeng; Zhuo Wang; Xin-Zhong Liang
A system for optimizing interior daylight distribution using reflective Venetian blinds with independent blind angle control
An operational algorithm for blind angle control is developed to optimize the daylighting performance of a system of reflective Venetian blinds. Numerical modeling and experiment confirm that independent control of alternating ...
McGuire, Molly E
Bio-SANS: the Biological Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument...
Biological Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument at HFIR Detector tanks for the new SANS instruments at HFIR. The Bio-SANS detector is on the right. Detector tanks for the SANS...
DISCRETE TRANSPARENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR WIDE ANGLE PARABOLIC EQUATIONS IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS "parabolic" equations (WAPEs) in underwater acoustics (assuming cylindrical symmetry). Existing the discretization of transparent bottom boundary conditions. In oceanography one wants to calculate the underwater
Ehrhardt, Matthias
WAND: Wide-Angle Neutron Diffractometer at HFIR | ORNL Neutron Sciences
US/Japan Wide-Angle Neutron Diffractometer US/Japan Wide-Angle Neutron Diffractometer WAND Instrument scientist Jaime Fernandez-Baca (left) with a visiting researcher at WAND. The Wide-Angle Neutron Diffractometer (WAND) at the HFIR HB-2C beam tube was designed to provide two specialized data-collection capabilities: (1) fast measurements of medium-resolution powder-diffraction patterns and (2) measurements of diffuse scattering in single crystals using flat-cone geometry. For these purposes, this instrument is equipped with a curved, one-dimensional 3He position-sensitive detector covering 125º of the scattering angle with the focal distance of 71 cm. The sample and detector can be tilted in the flat-cone geometry mode. These features enable measurement of single-crystal diffraction patterns in a short time over a
Angle-resolved scattering spectroscopy of explosives using an external cavity quantum cascade laser
Investigation of angle-resolved scattering from solid explosives residues on a car door for non-contact sensing geometries. Illumination with a mid-infrared external cavity quantum cascade laser tuning between 7 and 8 microns was detected both with a sensitive single point detector and a hyperspectral imaging camera. Spectral scattering phenomena were discussed and possibilities for hyperspectral imaging at large scattering angles were outlined.
Suter, Jonathan D.; Bernacki, Bruce E.; Phillips, Mark C.
Economic Recovery of Oil Trapped at Fan Margins Using High Angle Wells and Multiple Hydraulic Fractures
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a propagating turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically-fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angled well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thininterbedded layers and the well bore.
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectivensss of exploiting thin-layered, low energy deposits at the distal margin of a propagating turbinite complex through u se of hydraulically fractgured horizontal of high-angle wells. TGhe combinaton of a horizontal or high-angle weoo and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore.
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low energy deposits at the distal end of a protruding turbidite complex through use of hydraulically fractured horizontal of high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the well bore.
This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore.
ARM: Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, Near-InfraRed channel, low-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, Near-InfraRed channel, low-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
ARM: Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, Near-InfraRed channel, high-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, Near-InfraRed channel, high-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Oxygen-diffusion limited metal combustions in Zr, Ti, and Fe foils: Time- and angle-resolved x-ray diffraction studies
The transient phase and chemical transformations of diffusion controlled metal combustions in bulk Zr, Ti, and Fe foils have been investigated, in situ, using novel time- and angle-resolved x-ray diffraction (TARXD). The TARXD employs monochromatic synchrotron x-rays and a fast-rotating diffracted beam chopper resolving the diffraction image temporally in time-resolution of {approx}45 {mu}s along the azimuth on a 2D pixel array detector. The metal foil strips (10-25 {mu}m in thickness) are ignited using a pulsed electrical heating with a typical heating rate of {approx}10{sup 6} K/s. The x-ray results indicate that the combustion occurs in molten metals, producing a wide range of stoichiometric solid oxides. It reflects an enhanced oxygen solubility and mobility of molten metals with respect to those of solid metals. However, the initial oxides formed are mainly oxygen-deficient metal oxides of ZrO, TiO, and FeO/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} - the lowest suboxides stable at these high temperatures. These transition metal monoxides further react with unreacted molten metals, yielding the secondary products of Zr{sub 3}O, Ti{sub 3}O, and Ti{sub 2}O - but not in FeO/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}. On the other hand, the higher stoichiometric oxides of ZrO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} are formed in the later time only on the metal surface. These results clearly indicate that the combustion process of metal strips is diffusion limited and strongly depends on the solubility and diffusivity of oxygen into molten metals. The time-resolved diffraction data reveals no evidence for metal oxidation in solids, but a series of temperature-induced polymorphic phase transitions. The dynamic thermal expansibility of Fe measured in the present fast heating experiments is similar to those in static conditions (3.3*10{sup -5}/K vs 3.5*10{sup -5}/K for {alpha}-Fe and 6.5*10{sup -5}/K versus 7.0*10{sup -5}/K for {gamma}-Fe).
Wei, Haoyan; Yoo, Choong-Shik; Chen, Jing-Yin; Shen, Guoyin (CIW); (WSU)
Determining the angles of break of the mining subsidence basin by the neural network with genetic algorithm
The angle of break is a key factor that determines the mining damage extent of the surface in a mine, and it is also used to depict the characteristics of the mining subsidence basin. The geological and mining factors that influence the angle of break ... Keywords: angle of break, genetic algorithm, neural network, subsidence basin
Hua-bin Chai
Improved Complexity Bound of Vertex Cover for Low degree Graph
In this paper, we use a new method to decrease the parameterized complexity bound for finding the minimum vertex cover of connected max-degree-3 undirected graphs. The key operation of this method is reduction of the size of a particular subset of edges which we introduce in this paper and is called as "real-cycle" subset. Using "real-cycle" reductions alone we compute a complexity bound $O(1.15855^k)$ where $k$ is size of the optimal vertex cover. Combined with other techniques, the complexity bound can be further improved to be $O(1.1504^k)$. This is currently the best complexity bound.
Yue, Weiya; Cao, Weiwei
90-Degree Bragg Reflection from a Thin Crystalline Film
Experimental observations of synchrotron radiation diffraction from a thin surface layer at a 90-degree Bragg reflection are reported and discussed. The synchrotron experiments were performed using a bending magnet source at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in France and undulator sources at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) in the U.S. and SPring-8 in Japan. Thin (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 micron) InGaAs films deposited on a GaAs (100) substrate were studied near the 90- degree using the GaAs (800) reflection. A slight, less than 0.1%, difference in the lattice spacing between the layer and the substrate is sufficient to allow a direct and exclusive observation of the diffraction profile from a thin layer as if it was a 'free-standing' thin crystal. This research opens new possibilities for x-ray optical schemes and the development of novel analytical techniques for surface/interface x-ray diffraction studies.
Nikulin, A.Y.; Davis, J.R.; Usher, B.F.; Freund, A.K.; Ishikawa, T.
Designing fault-tolerant manipulators: How many degrees of freedom?
One of the most important parameters to consider when designing a manipulator is the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs). This article focuses on the question: How many DOFs are necessary and sufficient for fault tolerance, and how should these DOFs be distributed along the length of the manipulator? A manipulator is fault tolerant if it can complete its task even when one of its joints fails and is immobilized. The number of DOFs needed for fault tolerance strongly depends on the knowledge available about the task. In this article, two approaches are explored. First, for the design of a general purpose fault-tolerant manipulator, it is assumed that neither the exact task trajectory nor the redundancy resolution algorithm are known a priori and the manipulator has no joint limits. In this case, two redundant DOFs are necessary and sufficient to sustain one joint failure, as is demonstrated in two design templates for spatial fault-tolerant manipulators. In this second approach, both the Cartesian task path and the redundancy resolution algorithm are assumed to be known. The design of such a task-specific fault-tolerant manipulator requires only one degree of redundancy. 22 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.
Paredis, C.J.J.; Khosla, P.K. [Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Small-angle Compton Scattering to Determine the Depth of a Radioactive Source in Matter
A gamma-ray peak in a spectrum is often accompanied by a discontinuity in the Compton continuum at the peak. The Compton continuum results from Compton scattering in the detector. The discontinuity at a peak results from small-angle Compton scattering by the gamma rays in matter situated directly between the gamma-ray source and the detector. The magnitude of this discontinuity with respect to the gamma-ray peak is therefore an indicator of the amount of material or shielding between the gamma-ray source and the detector. This small-angle scattering was used to determine the depth of highly-enriched uranium (HEU) solution standards in a concrete floor mockup. The empirical results of the use of this small-angle scattering discontinuity in a concrete floor experiment will be described. A Monte Carlo calculation of the experiment will also be described. In addition, the depth determined from small-angle scattering was used in conjunction with differential attenuation to more accurately measure the uranium content of the mockup. Following these empirical results, the theory of small-angle scattering will be discussed. The magnitude of the discontinuity compared to the peak count rate is directly related to the depth of the gamma-ray source in matter. This relation can be described by relatively simple mathematical expressions. This is the first instance that we are aware of in which the small-angle Compton scattering has been used to determine the depth of a radioactive source. Furthermore this is the first development of the theoretical expressions for the magnitude of the small-angle scattering discontinuity.
Oberer, R. B.; Gunn, C. A.; Chiang, L. G.; Valiga, R. E.; Cantrell, J. A.
Movement of Fall Chinook Salmon Fry Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha : A Comparison of Approach Angles for Fish Bypass in a Modular Rotary Drum Fish Screen.
The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) performed tests to determine whether a significant difference in fish passage existed between a 6-ft screening facility built perpendicularly to canal flow and an identical screening facility with the screen mounted at a 45-degree angle to the approach channel. A modular drum screen built by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife was installed at PNNL`s Aquatic Ecology research laboratory in Richland, Washington. Fall chinook salmon fry were introduced into the test system, and their movements were monitored. A total of 14 tests (400 fish per test) that lasted 20 hours were completed during April and May, 1996. There was no significant difference in fish passage rate through the two approach configurations. Attraction flow to the bypass across the face of the screen was more evident for the angled approach, although this did not appear to play a significant role in attracting fish to the bypass. Approach velocities at the face of the screen did not exceed the 0.4 fps criteria for either approach configuration and posed not threat to fish. No fish passed over, around, or through the drum screen during any test.
Neitzel, D.A.; Blanton, S.L.; Abernethy, C. Scott; Daly, D.S. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA (United States)
Spray tip penetration and cone angles for coal-water slurry using a modified medium-speed diesel engine injection system
Experiments have been completed to characterize coal-water slurry sprays from a modified positive displacement fuel injection system of a medium-speed diesel engine. The injection system includes an injection jerk pump driven by an electric motor, a specially designed diaphragm to separate the abrasive coal from the pump, and a single-hole fuel nozzle. The sprays were injected into a pressurized chamber equipped with windows. High speed movies, instantaneous fuel line pressures and needle lifts were obtained. For injection pressures of order 30 MPa, the sprays were similar for coal-water slurry, diesel fuel and water. The time until the center core of the spray broke-up (break-up time) was determined from both the movies and from a correlations using the fuel line pressures. Results from these two independent procedures were in good agreement. For the base case conditions, the break-up time was 0.58 and 0.50 ms for coal-water slurry and diesel fuel, respectively. The break-up times increased with increasing nozzle orifice size and with decreasing chamber density. The break-up time was not a function of coal loading for coal loadings up to 53%. Cone angles of the sprays were dependent on the operating conditions and fluid, as well as on the time and location of the measurement. For the cases studied, the time-averaged cone angles ranged between 10.2 and 17.0{degree}.
Caton, J.a.; Seshadri, A.K.; Kihm, K.D. [Texas A and M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
On the RMS Anisotropy at 7 degrees and 10 degrees Observed in the COBE-DMR Two Year Sky Maps
The frequency-independent RMS temperature fluctuations determined from the COBE-DMR two year sky maps are used to infer the parameter Q_{rms-PS}, which characterizes the normalization of power law models of primordial cosmological temperature anisotropy. In particular, a 'cross'-RMS statistic is used to determine Q_{rms-PS} for a forced fit to a scale-invariant Harrison-Zel'dovich (n = 1) spectral model. Using a joint analysis of the 7 degree and 10 degree RMS temperature derived from both the 53 and 90 GHz sky maps, we find Q_{rms-PS} = 17.0^{+2.5}_{-2.1} uK when the low quadrupole is included, and Q_{rms-PS} = 19.4^{+2.3}_{-2.1} uK excluding the quadrupole. These results are consistent with the n = 1 fits from more sensitive methods (e.g. power spectrum, correlation function). The effect of the low quadrupole derived from the COBE-DMR data on the inferred Q_{rms-PS} normalization is investigated. A bias to lower Q_{rms-PS} is found when the quadrupole is included. The higher normalization for a forced n = 1 fit is then favored by the cross-RMS technique. As initially pointed out in Wright et al. (1994a) and further discussed here, analytic formulae for the RMS sky temperature fluctuations will NOT provide the correct normalization amplitude.
A. J. Banday; K. M. Gorski; L. Tenorio; E. L. Wright; G. F. Smoot; C. H. Lineweaver; A. Kogut; G. Hinshaw; C. L. Bennett
Structural Analysis of Southern Dixie Valley using LiDAR and Low-Sun-Angle
Structural Analysis of Southern Dixie Valley using LiDAR and Low-Sun-Angle Structural Analysis of Southern Dixie Valley using LiDAR and Low-Sun-Angle Aerial Photography, NAS Fallon Geothermal Exploration Project, Dixie Valley, Nevada Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Journal Article: Structural Analysis of Southern Dixie Valley using LiDAR and Low-Sun-Angle Aerial Photography, NAS Fallon Geothermal Exploration Project, Dixie Valley, Nevada Abstract The goal of this study is to map and characterize Quaternary faults in southern Dixie Valley for the Department of the Navy Geothermal Program Office's NAS Fallon Geothermal Exploration Project. We will use this information to better characterize the regional structure and geothermal resource potential of the area,with a focus on determining the structural
EQ-SANS: the Extended Q-Range Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer
The Extended Q-Range Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer at SNS The Extended Q-Range Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer at SNS Extended Q-Range Small Angle Diffractometer EQ-SANS detector array The EQ-SANS Diffractometer is designed to study non-crystalline, nano-sized materials in solid, liquid, or gas forms such as polymers, micelles, proteins, and other large biological molecular complexes in solution. It offers high neutron flux, high wavelength resolution (precision), and wide Q-coverage. EQSANS is located on beam line 6, viewing the top-downstream, coupled supercritical hydrogen moderator. It has a curved multichannel beam bender to avoid the direct line of sight of the moderator, which cleans out the background from the prompt neutron pulse quite effectively. The cutoff wavelength of the optics is ~1.5 Å. Above this minimum wavelength, the
Combustion Process in a Spark Ignition Engine: Analysis of Cyclic Maximum Pressure and Peak Pressure Angle
In this paper we analyze the cycle-to-cycle variations of maximum pressure $p_{max}$ and peak pressure angle $\\alpha_{pmax}$ in a four-cylinder spark ignition engine. We examine the experimental time series of $p_{max}$ and $\\alpha_{pmax}$ for three different spark advance angles. Using standard statistical techniques such as return maps and histograms we show that depending on the spark advance angle, there are significant differences in the fluctuations of $p_{max}$ and $\\alpha_{pmax}$. We also calculate the multiscale entropy of the various time series to estimate the effect of randomness in these fluctuations. Finally, we explain how the information on both $p_{max}$ and $\\alpha_{pmax}$ can be used to develop optimal strategies for controlling the combustion process and improving engine performance.
G. Litak; T. Kaminski; J. Czarnigowski; A. K. Sen; M. Wendeker
LHC luminosity upgrade with large Piwinski angle scheme: a recent look
Luminosity upgrade at the LHC collider using longitudinally flat bunches in combination with the large crossing angle (large Piwinski angle scheme) is being studied with renewed interest in recent years. By design, the total beam-beam tune shift at the LHC is less than 0.015 for two interaction points together. But the 2010-11 3.5 TeV collider operation and dedicated studies indicated that the beam-beam tune shift is >0.015 per interaction point. In view of this development we have revisited the requirements for the Large Piwinski Angle scheme at the LHC. In this paper we present a new set of parameters and luminosity calculations for the desired upgrade by investigating: (1) current performance of the LHC injectors, (2) e-cloud issues on nearly flat bunches and (3) realistic beam particle distributions from longitudinal beam dynamics simulations. We also make some remarks on the needed upgrades on the LHC injector accelerators.
Bhat, C.M.; /Fermilab; Zimmermann, f.; /CERN
Pitch angle scattering of relativistic electrons from stationary magnetic waves: Continuous Markov process and quasilinear theory
We develop a Markov process theory of charged particle scattering from stationary, transverse, magnetic waves. We examine approximations that lead to quasilinear theory, in particular the resonant diffusion approximation. We find that, when appropriate, the resonant diffusion approximation simplifies the result of the weak turbulence approximation without significant further restricting the regime of applicability. We also explore a theory generated by expanding drift and diffusion rates in terms of a presumed small correlation time. This small correlation time expansion leads to results valid for relatively small pitch angle and large wave energy density - a regime that may govern pitch angle scattering of high-energy electrons into the geomagnetic loss cone.
Lemons, Don S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States)
Pitch angle resolved measurements of escaping charged fusion products in TFTR
Measurements of the flux of charged fusion products escaping from the TFTR plasma have been made with a new type of detector which can resolve the particle flux vs. pitch angle, energy, and time. The design of this detector is described, and results from the 1987 TFTR run are presented. These results are roughly consistent with predictions from a simple first-orbit particle loss model with respect to the pitch angle, energy, time, and plasma current dependence of the signals. 11 refs., 9 figs.
Zweben, S.J.
Nuclear engineering enrollments decreased 9 percent overall in 1994; undergraduate degrees increased, while master`s and doctoral degrees decreased. No. 30
The survey of ``Nuclear Engineering Enrollments and Degrees, 1994`` was sent to 51 institutions offering a major in nuclear engineering. Results of the survey are given.
Surface Area and Microporosity of Carbon Aerogels from Gas Adsorption and Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Measurements
A carbon aerogel was obtained by carbonization of an organic aerogel prepared by sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde in water. The carbon aerogel was then CO2 activated at 800 �C to increase its surface area and widen its microporosity. Evolution of these parameters was followed by gas adsorption and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS, respectively) with contrast variation by using dry and wet (immersion in benzene and m-xylene) samples. For the original carbon aerogel, the surface area, SSAXS, obtained by SAXS, is larger than that obtained by gas adsorption (Sads). The values become nearly the same as the degree of activation of the carbon aerogel increases. This feature is due to the widening of the narrow microporosity in the carbon aerogel as the degree of activation is increased. In addition, WAXS results show that the short-range spatial correlations into the assemblies of hydrocarbon molecules confined inside the micropores are different from those existing in the liquid phase. 1.
David Fair�n-jim�nez; Francisco Carrasco-mar�n; David Djurado; Fran�oise Bley; Fran�oise Ehrburger-dolle; Carlos Moreno-castilla
ac and dc current-induced motion of a 360 degrees domain wall
he response of 360� [360 degrees]domain walls in narrow magnetic stripes to applied dc and ac currents, investigated by micromagnetic simulation, differs qualitatively from the response of 180� [180 degrees] domain walls. ...
Mascaro, Mark D.
The estimation of base temperature for heating and cooling degree days for Korea
In Korea, heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) have been widely used as climatic indicators for the assessment of the impact of climate change, but arbitrary or customary base temperatures have been used for calculation of HDD ...
Kyoungmi Lee; Hee-Jeong Baek; ChunHo Cho
Research of sludge compost maturity degree modeling method based on wavelet neural network for sewage treatment
Because of the complicated interaction of the sludge compost components, it makes the compost maturity degree judging system appear the nonlinearity and uncertainty. According to the physical circumstances of sludge compost, a compost maturity degree ...
Meijuan Gao; Jingwen Tian; Wei Jiang; Kai Li
Number of degrees of freedom of two-dimensional turbulence
We derive upper bounds for the number of degrees of freedom of two-dimensional Navier--Stokes turbulence freely decaying from a smooth initial vorticity field $\\omega(x,y,0)=\\omega_0$. This number, denoted by $N$, is defined as the minimum dimension such that for $n\\ge N$, arbitrary $n$-dimensional balls in phase space centred on the solution trajectory $\\omega(x,y,t)$, for $t>0$, contract under the dynamics of the system linearized about $\\omega(x,y,t)$. In other words, $N$ is the minimum number of greatest Lyapunov exponents whose sum becomes negative. It is found that $N\\le C_1R_e$ when the phase space is endowed with the energy norm, and $N\\le C_2R_e(1+\\ln R_e)^{1/3}$ when the phase space is endowed with the enstrophy norm. Here $C_1$ and $C_2$ are constant and $R_e$ is the Reynolds number defined in terms of $\\omega_0$, the system length scale, and the viscosity $\
Chuong V. Tran; Luke Blackbourn
Brief 71 Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees, 2011 Summary (11-12
The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2010 and August 31, 2011. Enrollment information refers to the fall term 2011. The enrollment and degree data include students majoring in health physics or in an option program equivalent to a major. Twenty-four academic programs reported having health physics programs during 2011. The data for two health physics options within nuclear engineering programs are also included in the enrollments and degrees that are reported in the nuclear engineering enrollments and degrees data.
Table 1.9 Heating Degree-Days by Census Division
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Normala 2012 2013 Percent Change Normala 2012 2013 ... F would report 25 heating degree-days for that day ... � See ...
Estimating fish orientation from broadband, limited-angle, multiview, acoustic reflections
Estimating fish orientation from broadband, limited-angle, multiview, acoustic reflections Jules S recorded from lateral views of juvenile fish can be used to infer animal orientation. Cali- brated acoustic data were recorded from live fish in a laboratory, while orientation was measured simultaneously via
Jaffe, Jules
Update on Angles and Sides of the CKM Unitarity Triangle from BaBar
We report several recent updates from the BABAR Collaboration on the matrix elements |V{sub cb}|, |V{sub ub}|, and |V{sub td}| of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark-mixing matrix, and the angles {beta} and {alpha} of the unitarity triangle. Most results presented here are using the full BABAR {Upsilon}(4S) data set.
Cheng, Chih-hsiang; /Caltech
Coulomb Correction to the Screening Angle of the Moliere Multiple Scattering Theory
High-energy Coulomb correction to the screening angular parameter of the Moliere multiple scattering theory is found. Numerical calculations are presented in the range of nuclear charge from Z=4 to Z=82. Comparison with the Moliere result for the screening angle reveals up to 30% deviation from it for sufficiently heavy elements of the target material.
E. A. Kuraev; O. O. Voskresenskaya; A. V. Tarasov
A Study on Optimum Tilt Angle for Wind Estimation Using Indian MST Radar
The effect of tilt angle on horizontal wind estimation is studied using Indian mesosphere�stratosphere�troposphere (MST) radar located at Gadanki (13.45�N, 79.18�E). It operates in Doppler beam swinging (DBS) mode with a beamwidth of 3�. ...
V. K. Anandan; I. Srinivasa Rao; P. Narasimha Reddy
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of a-Si:H and a-Si:D
The heterogeneity of hydrogen and deuterium on the nanometer scale has been probed by samll-angle neutron scattering (SANS) from a-Si:H and a-Si:D films. Films were depsoited by two techniques, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) using conditions that yield high quality films and devices.
Williamson, D. L.; Marr, D. W. M.; Nelson, B. P.; Iwaniczko, E.; Yang, J.; Yan, B.; Guha, S.
Modeling of Sludge Compost Maturity Degree Based on Radial Basic Function Network for Sewage Treatment
Because of the complicated interaction of the sludge compost components, it makes the compost maturity degree judging system appear the non-linearity and uncertainty. According to the physical circumstances of sludge compost, a compost maturity degree ... Keywords: Compost, Maturity degree, Radial basic function network, Modeling
Jingwen Tian; Meijuan Gao; Yanxia Liu; Shiru Zhou; Fan Zhang
Mapping the Flip Angle in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using the Accelerated 3D Look-Locker Sequence.
??In the ongoing quest to extract more information from MRI images, there has arisen a need to rapidly map the flip angle. This has been� (more)
Wade, Trevor P
Hydrogen and deuterium NMR of solids by magic-angle spinning
The nuclear magnetic resonance of solids has long been characterized by very large specral broadening which arises from internuclear dipole-dipole coupling or the nuclear electric quadrupole interaction. These couplings can obscure the smaller chemical shift interaction and make that information unavailable. Two important and difficult cases are that of hydrogen and deuterium. The development of cross polarization, heteronuclear radiofrequency decoupling, and coherent averaging of nuclear spin interactions has provided measurement of chemical shift tensors in solids. Recently, double quantum NMR and double quantum decoupling have led to measurement of deuterium and proton chemical shift tensors, respectively. A general problem of these experiments is the overlapping of the tensor powder pattern spectra of magnetically distinct sites which cannot be resolved. In this work, high resolution NMR of hydrogen and deuterium in solids is demonstrated. For both nuclei, the resonances are narrowed to obtain liquid-like isotropic spectra by high frequency rotation of the sample about an axis inclined at the magic angle, ..beta../sub m/ = Arccos (3/sup -1/2/), with respect to the direction of the external magnetic field. For deuterium, the powder spectra were narrowed by over three orders of magnitude by magic angle rotation with precise control of ..beta... A second approach was the observation of deuterium double quantum transitions under magic angle rotation. For hydrogen, magic angle rotation alone could be applied to obtain the isotropic spectrum when H/sub D/ was small. This often occurs naturally when the nuclei are semi-dilute or involved in internal motion. In the general case of large H/sub D/, isotropic spectra were obtained by dilution of /sup 1/H with /sup 2/H combined with magic angle rotation. The resolution obtained represents the practical limit for proton NMR of solids.
Chaotic Dynamics of N-degree of Freedom Hamiltonian Systems
We investigate the connection between local and global dynamics of two N-degree of freedom Hamiltonian systems with different origins describing one-dimensional nonlinear lattices: The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) model and a discretized version of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation related to Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC). We study solutions starting in the vicinity of simple periodic orbits (SPOs) representing in-phase (IPM) and out-of-phase motion (OPM), which are known in closed form and whose linear stability can be analyzed exactly. Our results verify that as the energy E increases for fixed N, beyond the destabilization threshold of these orbits, all positive Lyapunov exponents exhibit a transition between two power laws, occurring at the same value of E. The destabilization energy E_c per particle goes to zero as N goes to infinity following a simple power-law. However, using SALI, a very efficient indicator we have recently introduced for distinguishing order from chaos, we find that the two Hamiltonians have very different dynamics near their stable SPOs: For example, in the case of the FPU system, as the energy increases for fixed N, the islands of stability around the OPM decrease in size, the orbit destabilizes through period-doubling bifurcation and its eigenvalues move steadily away from -1, while for the BEC model the OPM has islands around it which grow in size before it bifurcates through symmetry breaking, while its real eigenvalues return to +1 at very high energies. Still, when calculating Lyapunov spectra, we find for the OPMs of both Hamiltonians that the Lyapunov exponents decrease following an exponential law and yield extensive Kolmogorov--Sinai entropies per particle, in the thermodynamic limit of fixed energy density E/N with E and N arbitrarily large.
Chris Antonopoulos; Tassos Bountis; Charalampos Skokos
Shape control of manipulators with hyper degrees of freedom
This paper provides a theoretical framework for controlling a manipulator with hyper degrees of freedom (HDOF) . An HDOF manipulator has the capability to achieve various kinds of tasks. To make full use of its capability, shape control is proposed here; that is, not only the tip of a manipulator, but also its whole body is controlled. To formulate control objectives for shape control, the authors define a shape correspondence between an HDOF manipulator and a spatial curve that prescribes a desired shape. The shape correspondence is defined by using solutions of a nonlinear optimization problem termed the shape-inverse problem. They give theorems on the existence of the solutions, and on an existence region that allows them to convert shape-control problems into more tractable ones. A shape-regulation control problem is considered first to bring an HDOF manipulator onto a given time-invariant curve. The idea of estimating the desired curve parameters is the crucial key to solving the problem by Lyapunov design. The derived shape-regulation law includes the estimator, which infers the desired curve parameters corresponding to the desired joint positions on the curve. The idea of the desired curve-parameter estimation is also effective for shape tracking where a time-varying curve is used for prescribing a moving desired shape. Considering an estimator with second-order dynamics enables the authors to find two shape-tracking control laws by utilizing conventional tracking methods in manipulator control. They show the simulation results of applying the derived shape-tracking control laws to a 20-DOF manipulator.
Mochiyama, Hiromi; Shimemura, Etsujiro [Japan Advanced Inst. of Science and Technology Hokuriku, Ishikawa (Japan). School of Information Science] [Japan Advanced Inst. of Science and Technology Hokuriku, Ishikawa (Japan). School of Information Science; Kobayashi, Hisato [Hosei Univ., Koganei, Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering] [Hosei Univ., Koganei, Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Design and Control of a Compact 6-Degree-of-Freedom Precision Positioner with Linux- Based Real-Time Control
This dissertation presents the design, control, and implementation of a compact highprecision multidimensional positioner. This precision-positioning system consists of a novel concentrated-field magnet matrix and a triangular single-moving part that carries three 3-phase permanent-magnet planar-levitation-motor armatures. Since only a single levitated moving part, namely the platen, generates all required fine and coarse motions, this positioning system is reliable and potentially cost-effective. The three planar levitation motors based on the Lorentz-force law not only produce the vertical force to levitate the triangular platen but also control the platen's position and orientation in the horizontal plane. Three laser distance sensors are used to measure vertical, x-, and yrotation motions. Three 2-axis Hall-effect sensors are used to determine lateral motions and rotation motion about the z-axis by measuring the magnetic flux density generated by the magnet matrix. This positioning system has a total mass of 1.52 kg, which is the minimized mass to produce better dynamic performance. In order to reduce the mass of the moving platen, it is made of Delrin with a mass density of 1.54 g/cm3 by Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machining. The platen can be regarded a pure mass, and the spring and damping effects are neglected except for the vertical dynamic. Single-input single-output (SISO) digital lead-lag controllers and a multivariable Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller were designed and implemented. Real-time control was performed with the Linux-Ubuntu operating system OS. Real Time Application Interface (RTAI) for Linux works with Comedi and Comedi libraries and enables closed-loop real-time control. One of the key advantages of this positioning stage with Hall-effect sensors is the extended travel range and rotation angle in the horizontal mode. The maximum travel ranges of 220 mm in x and 200 mm in y were achieved experimentally. Since the magnet matrix generates periodical sinusoidal flux densities in the x-y plane, the travel range can be extended by increasing the number of magnet pitches. The rotation angle of 12 degrees was achieved in rotation around z. The angular velocities of 0.2094 rad/s and 4.74 rad/s were produced by a 200-mm-diameter circular motion and a 30-mm-diameter spiral motion, respectively. The maximum velocity of 16.25 mm/s was acquired from over one pitch motion. The maximum velocity of 17.5 mm/s in a 8-mm scanning motion was achieved with the acceleration of 72.4 m/s2. Step responses demonstrated a 10-um resolution and 6-um rms position noise in the translational mode. For the vertical mode, step responses of 5 um in z, 0.001 degrees in roation around x, and 0.001 degrees in rotation around y were achieved. This compact single-moving-part positioner has potential applications for precisionpositioning systems in semiconductor- manufacturing.
Yu, Ho
Estimation of rotor angles of synchronous machines using artificial neural networks and local PMU-based quantities
This paper investigates a possibility for estimating rotor angles in the time frame of transient (angle) stability of electric power systems, for use in real-time. The proposed dynamic state estimation technique is based on the use of voltage and current ... Keywords: Electric power systems, Multilayer perceptrons, Phasor measurement units, Transient stability monitoring and control
Alberto Del Angel; Pierre Geurts; Damien Ernst; Mevludin Glavic; Louis Wehenkel
Beam power and angle adaptation in multibeam 2.5 Gbit/s spot diffusing mobile optical wireless system
Mobility can induce significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance degradation in optical wireless (OW) systems based on diffuse as well as spot-diffusing configurations. Two methods (beam angle and beam power adaptation) are introduced to the design ... Keywords: beam angle adaptation, diversity receiver, optical wireless communication, transmit power adaptation
Fuad E. Alsaadi; Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani
Research article: Monte Carlo-based rigid body modelling of large protein complexes against small angle scattering data
We present a modular, collaborative, open-source architecture for rigid body modelling based upon small angle scattering data, named sas_rigid. It is designed to provide a fast and extensible scripting interface using the easy-to-learn Python programming ... Keywords: Hemocyanin, Monte Carlo with simulated annealing, Rigid body modelling, Small angle scattering (SAS)
Christian Meesters; Bruno Pairet; Anja Rabenhorst; Heinz Decker; Elmar Jaenicke
BIOISIS: Biological Macromolecules by Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)
BIOISIS is an open access database dedicated to the study of biological macromolecules by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). BIOISIS aims to become the complete source for the deposition, distribution and maintenance of small angle X-ray scattering data and technologies. The database is designed around the concept of an �experiment� and relates a specific experiment to a set of genes, organisms, computational models and experimental data. As of May 2012, BIOSIS contains 7,118 genes covering four different organisms. Forty-two modeled structures are available. Clicking on a structures reveals scattering curves, experimental conditions, and experimental values. The data are collected at Beamline 12.3.1 of the Advanced Light Source (ALS).[Copied with editing from http://www.bioisis.net/about
Tainer, John (Scripps Research Institute); Hura, Greg (LBNL); Rambo, Robert P. (LBNL)
Critique of the solid angle method. Technical report 1 Jul 75-30 Sep 77
The solid angle method provides an approximation for nuclear criticality safety analyses for fissile arrays. It was formulated for use with highly-enriched systems. This study was initiated to determine applicability of this method to low-enriched uranium systems, using as a standard for comparison analyses the KENO-IV code and the Hansen-Roach cross sections. The report identified many conditions for which a margin of safety does exist, using the solid angle method. The study also determined that some applications exist for which a safety margin does not exist, using common criteria, and has recommended additional criteria needed to assure safety margins. These additional criteria have not been tested extensively to assure generic applicability.
Oden, D.R.; Thompson, J.K.; Lewallen, M.A.; Trapp, T.J.
Cerenkov angle and charge reconstruction with the RICH detector of the AMS experiment
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) experiment to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) will be equipped with a proximity focusing Ring Imaging Cerenkov (RICH) detector, for measurements of particle electric charge and velocity. In this note, two possible methods for reconstructing the Cerenkov angle and the electric charge with the RICH, are discussed. A Likelihood method for the Cerenkov angle reconstruction was applied leading to a velocity determination for protons with a resolution of around 0.1%. The existence of a large fraction of background photons which can vary from event to event, implied a charge reconstruction method based on an overall efficiency estimation on an event-by-event basis.
F. Barao; L. Arruda; J. Borges; P. Goncalves; M. Pimenta; I. Perez
Note: Grazing incidence small and wide angle x-ray scattering combined with imaging ellipsometry
The combination of grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing incidence wide angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS) with optical imaging ellipsometry is presented as an upgrade of the available measurement techniques at the wiggler beamline BW4 of the Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor. The instrument is introduced with the description of the alignment procedure to assure the measurement of imaging ellipsometry and GISAXS/GIWAXS on the same sample spot. To demonstrate the possibilities of the new instrument examples of morphological investigation on films made of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C{sub 61} butyric acid methyl ester as well as textured poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzo-thia-diazole) are shown.
Koerstgens, V.; Meier, R.; Ruderer, M. A.; Guo, S.; Chiang, H.-Y.; Mueller-Buschbaum, P. [Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl fuer Funktionelle Materialien, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany); Perlich, J.; Roth, S. V.; Gehrke, R. [HASYLAB, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg (Germany)
High Temperature, Large Sample Volume, Constant Flow Magic Angle Spinning NMR Probe for a 11
High Temperature, Large Sample Volume, Constant Flow Magic Angle Spinning NMR Probe for a High Temperature, Large Sample Volume, Constant Flow Magic Angle Spinning NMR Probe for a 11.7 T Magnetic Field for In Situ Catalytic Reaction Characterization Project start date: April 1, 2007 EMSL Lead Investigator: Joseph Ford, EMSL High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility Co-investigators: Jian Zhi Hu, Macromolecular Structure and Dynamics, Biological Science Division, FCSD Jesse Sears and David W. Hoyt, EMSL High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility Detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in a catalytic reaction requires identification of the nature of the active sites and the temporal evolution of reaction intermediates. Although optical methods such as UV-visible and infrared (IR) spectroscopies can be used for some types of reactions, these do not
In this work, we model both the thermal and non-thermal components of solar flares. The model we use, HYLOOP, combines a hydrodynamic equation solver with a non-thermal particle tracking code to simulate the thermal and non-thermal dynamics and emission of solar flares. In order to test the effects of pitch-angle distribution on flare dynamics and emission, a series of flares is simulated with non-thermal electron beams injected at the loop apex. The pitch-angle distribution of each beam is described by a single parameter and allowed to vary from flare to flare. We use the results of these simulations to generate synthetic hard and soft X-ray emissions (HXR and SXR). The light curves of the flares in Hinode's X-ray Telescope passbands show a distinct signal that is highly dependent on pitch-angle distribution. The simulated HXR emission in the 3-6 keV bandpass shows the formation and evolution of emission sources that correspond well to the observations of pre-impulsive flares. This ability to test theoretical models of thermal and non-thermal flare dynamics directly with observations allows for the investigation of a wide range of physical processes governing the evolution of solar flares. We find that the initial pitch-angle distribution of non-thermal particle populations has a profound effect on loop top HXR and SXR emission and that apparent motion of HXR is a natural consequence of non-thermal particle evolution in a magnetic trap.
Winter, Henry D.; Reeves, Katharine K. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Martens, Petrus, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173840, Bozeman, MT 59717 (United States)
Double Chooz, A Search for the Neutrino Mixing Angle theta-13
The Double Chooz Reactor Neutrino Experiment in France plans to quickly measure the neutrino mixing angle theta-13, or limit it to sin^2 2-theta_13 less than 0.025. The physics reach, experimental site, detector structures, scintillator, photodetection, electronics, calibration and simulations are described. The possibility of using Double Chooz to explore the possible use of a antineutrino detector for non-proliferation goals is also presented.
Lasserre, T
Study of High Temperature Superconductors with Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
The Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) recently emerged as a powerful tool for the study of highly correlated materials. This thesis describes the new generation of ARPES experiment, based on the third generation synchrotron radiation source and utilizing very high resolution electron energy and momentum analyzer. This new setup is used to study the physics of high temperature superconductors. New results on the Fermi surfaces, dispersions, scattering rate and superconducting gap in high temperature superconductors are presented.
Dunn, Lisa
The electric dipole moment of the nucleon from simulations at imaginary vacuum angle theta
We compute the electric dipole moment of proton and neutron from lattice QCD simulations with N_f=2 flavors of dynamical quarks at imaginary vacuum angle theta. The calculation proceeds via the CP odd form factor F_3. A novel feature of our calculation is that we use partially twisted boundary conditions to extract F_3 at zero momentum transfer. As a byproduct, we test the QCD vacuum at nonvanishing theta.
R. Horsley; T. Izubuchi; Y. Nakamura; D. Pleiter; P. E. L. Rakow; G. Schierholz; J. Zanotti
High-harmonic XUV source for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
We present a laser-based apparatus for visible pump/XUV probe time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TRARPES) utilizing high-harmonic generation from a noble gas. Femtosecond temporal resolution for each selected harmonic is achieved by using a time-delay-compensated monochromator (TCM). The source has been used to obtain photoemission spectra from insulators (UO{sub 2}) and ultrafast pump/probe processes in semiconductors (GaAs).
Dakovski, Georgi L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Li, Yinwan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Durakiewicz, Tomasz [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rodriguez, George [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The two-angle model and the phase diagram for Chromatin
We have studied the phase diagram for chromatin within the framework of the two-angle model. Rather than improving existing models with finer details our main focus of the work is getting mathematically rigorous results on the structure, especially on the excluded volume effects and the effects on the energy due to the long-range forces and their screening. Thus we present a phase diagram for the allowed conformations and the Coulomb energies.
Philipp M. Diesinger; Dieter W. Heermann
Climate: monthly and annual average heating degree days below 18° C GIS
heating degree days below 18° C GIS heating degree days below 18° C GIS data at one-degree resolution of the World from NASA/SSE Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Heating Degree Days below 18° C (degree days)The monthly accumulation of degrees when the daily mean temperature is below 18° C.NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Release 6.0 Data Set (Nov 2007)22-year Monthly Average & Annual Sum (July 1983 - June 2005)Parameter: Heating Degree Days Below 18 degrees C (degree days)Internet: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/Note 1: SSE Methodology & Accuracy sections onlineNote 2: Lat/Lon values indicate the lower left corner of a 1x1 degree region. Negative values are south and west; positive values are north and east. Boundaries of the -90/-180 region are -90 to -89 (south) and -180 to -179 (west). The last region, 89/180,
Climate: monthly and annual average cooling degree days above 10° C GIS
cooling degree days above 10° C GIS cooling degree days above 10° C GIS data at one-degree resolution of the World from NASA/SSE Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Cooling Degree Days above 10° C (degree days)The monthly accumulation of degrees when the daily mean temperature is above 10° C.NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Release 6.0 Data Set (Nov 2007)22-year Monthly Average & Annual Sum (July 1983 - June 2005)Parameter: Cooling Degree Days Above 10 degrees C (degree days)Internet: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/Note 1: SSE Methodology & Accuracy sections onlineNote 2: Lat/Lon values indicate the lower left corner of a 1x1 degree region. Negative values are south and west; positive values are north and east. Boundaries of the -90/-180 region are -90 to -89 (south) and -180 to -179 (west). The last region, 89/180,
The General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer at HFIR -
General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer at HFIR General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer at HFIR Instrument scientist Ken Littrell at GP-SANS. Instrument scientist Ken Littrell at GP-SANS. The General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Diffractometer (GP-SANS) instrument is optimized for providing information about structure and interactions in materials in the size range of 0.5 - 200 nm. It has a cold neutron flux on sample and capabilities comparable to those of the best SANS instruments worldwide, including a wide range of neutron wavelengths λ 5 - 30 Å, resolution Δλ ⁄ λ 9=45%, and a 1m2 area detector with 5 × 5mm2 pixel resolution with a maximum counting capability of up to 2.5 kHz. The sample-to-detector distance can be varied from 1 to 20 m, and the detector can be offset horizontally by up to 45 cm, allowing
Localized in Vivo Isotropic-Anisotropic Correlation 1H NMR Spectroscopy Using Ultraslow Magic Angle Spinning
Previous work has shown that it is possible to separate the susceptibility broadening in the 1H NMR metabolite spectrum obtained in a live mouse from the isotropic information, thus significantly increasing the spectral resolution. This was achieved using ultra-slow magic angle spinning of the animal combined with a modified phase-corrected magic angle turning (PHORMAT) pulse sequence. However, PHORMAT cannot be used for spatially selective spectroscopy. In this article a modified sequence called LOCMAT (localized magic angle turning) is introduced that makes this possible. Proton LOCMAT spectra are shown for the liver and heart of a live mouse, while spinning the animal at a speed of 4 Hz in a 2 Tesla field. It was found that even in this relatively low field LOCMAT provided isotropic line widths that are a factor 4-10 times smaller than the ones obtained in a stationary animal, and that the susceptibility broadening of the heart metabolites shows unusual features not observed for a dead animal. Finally, the limitations of LOCMAT and possible ways to improve the technique are discussed. It is concluded that in vivo LOCMAT can significantly enhance the utility of NMR spectroscopy for biomedical research.
Wind, Robert A.; Hu, Jian Zhi; Majors, Paul D.
Magnetic field pitch angle diagnostic using the motional Stark effect (invited)
The Stark effect has been employed in a novel technique for obtaining the pitch angle profile and {ital q}({ital r}) using polarimetry measurements of the Doppler shifted {ital H}{sub {alpha}} emission from a hydrogen diagnostic neutral beam. As a neutral beam propagates through a plasma, collisions of the beam particles with the background ions and electrons will excite beam atoms, leading to emission of radiation. The motional Stark effect, which arises from the electric field induced in the atom's rest frame due to the beam motion across the magnetic field ({bold E}={bold V}{sub beam}{times}{bold B}), causes a wavelength splitting of several angstroms and polarization of the emitted radiation. The {Delta}{ital m}={plus minus}1 transitions, or {sigma} components, from the beam fluorescence are linearly polarized parallel to the direction of the local magnetic field when viewed transverse to the fields. Since the hydrogen beam provides good spatial localization and penetration, the pitch angle can be obtained anywhere in the plasma. A photoelastic modulator (PEM) is used to modulate the linearly polarized light. Depending on the orientation of the PEM, it can measure the sine or cosine of the angle of polarization. Two PEM's are used to measure both components simultaneously. Results of {ital q}({ital r}) for both Ohmic and NBI heated discharges have been obtained in the Princeton Beta Experiment (PBX-M) tokamak, with an uncertainty of {approximately}6% for {ital q}(0).
Levinton, F.M. (Fusion Physics Technology, Torrance, CA (USA)); Gammel, G.M.; Kaita, R.; Kugel, H.W.; Roberts, D.W. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ (USA))
Experimental and computational studies of film cooling with compound angle injection
The thermal efficiency of gas turbine systems depends largely on the turbine inlet temperature. Recent decades have seen a steady rise in the inlet temperature and a resulting reduction in fuel consumption. At the same time, it has been necessary to employ intensive cooling of the hot components. Among various cooling methods, film cooling has become a standard method for cooling of the turbine airfoils and combustion chamber walls. The University of Minnesota program is a combined experimental and computational study of various film-cooling configurations. Whereas a large number of parameters influence film cooling processes, this research focuses on compound angle injection through a single row and through two rows of holes. Later work will investigate the values of contoured hole designs. An appreciation of the advantages of compound angle injection has risen recently with the demand for more effective cooling and with improved understanding of the flow; this project should continue to further this understanding. Approaches being applied include: (1) a new measurement system that extends the mass/heat transfer analogy to obtain both local film cooling and local mass (heat) transfer results in a single system, (2) direct measurement of three-dimensional turbulent transport in a highly-disturbed flow, (3) the use of compound angle and shaped holes to optimize film cooling performance, and (4) an exploration of anisotropy corrections to turbulence modeling of film cooling jets.
Goldstein, R.J.; Eckert, E.R.G.; Patankar, S.V.; Simon, T.W. [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
The performance of the small-angle diffractometer, SAND at IPNS.
The time-of-flight small-angle diffractometer SAND has been serving the scientific user community since 1996. One notable feature of SAND is its capability to measure the scattered intensity in a wide Q (4{pi}sin{theta}/{lambda}, where 2{theta} is the scattering angle and {lambda} is the wavelength of the neutrons) range of 0.0035 to 0.5 {angstrom}{sup {minus}1} in a single measurement. The optical alignment system makes it easy to set up the instrument and the sample. The cryogenically cooled MgO filter reduces the fast neutrons over two orders of magnitude, while still transmitting over 70% of the cold neutrons. A drum chopper running at 15 Hz suppresses the delayed neutron background. SAND has a variety of ancillary equipment to control the sample environment. In this paper we describe the features of the SAND instrument, compare its data on a few standard samples with those measured at well established centers in the world, and display two scientific examples which take advantage of measuring data in a wide Q-range in a single measurement. With a new set of tight collimators the Q{sub min} can be lowered to 0.002 {angstrom}{sup {minus}1} and the presently installed high-angle bank of detectors will extend the Q{sub max} to 2 {angstrom}{sup {minus}1}.
Thiyagarajan, P.
The effects of diamond injector angles on flow structures at various Mach numbers
Numerical simulations of a three dimensional diamond jet interaction flowfield at various diamond injector half angles into a supersonic crossflow were presented in this thesis. The numerical study was performed to improve the understanding of the flame holding potential by extending the numerical database envelop to include different injector half angles and examine the flow at Mach 2 and Mach 5. The configuration of a diamond injector shape was found to reduce the flow separation upstream, and produce an attached shock at the initial freestream interaction and the injection fluid has an increased field penetration as compared to circular injectors. The CFD studies were also aimed at providing additional information on the uses of multiple injectors for flow control. The numerical runs were performed with diamond injectors at half angles of 10�?° and 20�?° at a freestream Mach number of 5. The transverse counter-rotating pair of vortices found in the 15�?° does not form within the 10�?° and 20�?° cases at freestream Mach number 5. The 10�?° case had a barrel shock that became streamlined in the lateral direction. The 20�?° barrel shock had a very large spanwise expansion and became streamlined in the transverse direction. In both cases the trailing edge of their barrel shocks did not form the flat â�?�?Vâ�? shape, as found in the baseline case. At Mach 2 the 10�?° and 15�?° cases both formed the flat â�?�?Vâ�? shape at the trailing edge of the barrel shocks, and formed the transverse counter rotating vortex pairs. The 10�?° multiple injector case successfully showed the interaction shocks forming into a larger planer shock downstream of the injectors. The swept 15�?° case produced interaction shocks that were too weak to properly form a planar shock downstream. This planar shock has potential for flow control. Depending on the angle of incidence of the injector fluid with the freestream flow and the half angle of the diamond injector, the planar shocks will form further upstream or downstream of the injector.
McLellan, Justin Walter
The use of cubic Nd-Ba-Cu-O seeds to create {theta}[100], 90{degree}-{theta}[100], and {theta}[001] tilt Y-Ba-Cu-O grain boundaries.
Using seeding techniques to control the orientation of grains, we have been able to create a wide variety of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x}, grain boundaries. In addition to five domain samples with 90{degree}[100] twist and tilt grain boundaries, we have now developed a method to produce grain boundaries in the same sample that have the misorientations {theta}[001] tilt, {theta}[100] tilt, and 90{degree} {approximately} {theta}[100], where the disorientation angle {theta} is fully controllable. We will demonstrate how these boundaries can be synthesized, give experimental evidence via polarized light microscopy and electron backscatter patterns (EBSP) that the intended grain boundaries were indeed formed, and discuss the importance of these boundaries in future grain boundary studies.
Field, M. B.
The solubility of hydrogen in plutonium in the temperature range 475 to 825 degrees centigrade
The solubility of hydrogen (H) in plutonium metal (Pu) was measured in the temperature range of 475 to 825{degree}C for unalloyed Pu (UA) and in the temperature range of 475 to 625{degree}C for Pu containing two-weight-percent gallium (TWP). For TWP metal, in the temperature range 475 to 600{degree}C, the saturated solution has a maximum hydrogen to plutonium ration (H/Pu) of 0.00998 and the standard enthalpy of formation ({Delta}H{degree}{sub f(s)}) is (-0.128 {plus minus} 0.0123) kcal/mol. The phase boundary of the solid solution in equilibrium with plutonium dihydride (PuH{sub 2}) is temperature independent. In the temperature range 475 to 625{degree}C, UA metal has a maximum solubility at H/Pu = 0.011. The phase boundary between the solid solution region and the metal+PuH{sub 2} two-phase region is temperature dependent. The solubility of hydrogen in UA metal was also measured in the temperature range 650 to 825{degree}C with {Delta}H{degree}{sub f(s)} = (-0.104 {plus minus} 0.0143) kcal/mol and {Delta}S{degree}{sub f(s)} = 0. The phase boundary is temperature dependent and the maximum hydrogen solubility has H/Pu = 0.0674 at 825{degree}C. 52 refs., 28 figs., 9 tabs.
Allen, T.H.
Department of Energy manpower assessment brief Number 46: Nuclear engineering enrollments and degrees
Based on a survey of 42 institutions, nuclear engineering enrollments and degrees decreased overall in 1999, continuing a steady decline of several years.
cooling degree-days - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Alternative Fuels. Includes hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ethanol. ... Cooling degree-days. There are no record(s) that match your search criteria.
Feedback improves the generalized degrees of freedom of the strong interference channel
wireless net- works within o(log(snr)) - the impact of relays, feedback, co- operation andoperation on the generalized degrees of freedom of interference and other wireless
Cadambe, Viveck R; Jafar, Syed A
Strong directional out-of-plane scattering in multiple ionizing highly charged ion-atom collisions
The azimuthal ([phi][sub r]) and polar angle ([theta][sub r]) scattering of projectiles in coincidence with recoil ions has been studied for 0.53 MeV/u F[sup 8+] + Ne. For high degree of ionization of the target we find the resultant transverse momentum of all electrons emitted into the continuum to increase with the number of ejected electrons and to have a direction mostly not co-planar with the scattering plane.
Gonzalez, A.; Hagmann, S.; Quinteros, T. (Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States). J.R. MacDonald Lab.); Kraessig, B. (Freiburg Univ. (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Physik); Koch, R.; Schmidt-Boecking, H. (Frankfurt Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Kernphysik); Skutlartz, A. (East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC (United States))
The azimuthal ({phi}{sub r}) and polar angle ({theta}{sub r}) scattering of projectiles in coincidence with recoil ions has been studied for 0.53 MeV/u F{sup 8+} + Ne. For high degree of ionization of the target we find the resultant transverse momentum of all electrons emitted into the continuum to increase with the number of ejected electrons and to have a direction mostly not co-planar with the scattering plane.
Gonzalez, A.; Hagmann, S.; Quinteros, T. [Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States). J.R. MacDonald Lab.; Kraessig, B. [Freiburg Univ. (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Physik; Koch, R.; Schmidt-Boecking, H. [Frankfurt Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Kernphysik; Skutlartz, A. [East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC (United States)
Contact Angle of the Colloidal Liquid-Gas Interface and a Hard Wall
We consider the Asakura-Oosawa-Vrij model of hard sphere colloids and ideal polymer coils in contact with a planar hard wall at (colloidal) liquid-gas coexistence. Using extensive numerical density functional calculations, the liquid-gas, wall-liquid and wall-gas interfacial free energies are calculated. The results are inserted into Young's equation to obtain the contact angle between the liquid-gas interface and the wall. As a function of polymer fugacity this angle exhibits discontinuities of slope (``kinks'') upon crossing first-order surface phase transitions located on the gas branch of the bulk binodal. Each kink corresponds to a transition from n-1 to $n$ colloid layers adsorbed at the wall, referred to as the n'th layering transition. The corresponding adsorption spinodal points from n-1 to n layers upon reducing the polymer fugacity along the bulk binodal were found in a previous study (J. M. Brader et al. J. Phys.: Cond. Matt., 14: L1, 2002; Mol. Phys., 101: 3349, 2003). Remarkably, we find desorption spinodal points from n to n-1 layers to be absent upon increasing polymer fugacity at bulk coexistence, and many branches (containing up to 7 colloid layers) remain metastable. Results for the first layering binodal and both spinodal branches off-bulk coexistence hint at a topology of the surface phase diagram consistent with these findings. Both the order of the transition to complete wetting and whether it is preceded by a finite or an infinite number of layering transitions remain open questions. We compare the locations of the first layering binodal line and of the second layering binodal point at bulk coexistence with recent computer simulation results by Dijkstra and van Roij (Phys. Rev. Lett., 89: 208303, 2002) and discuss our results for the contact angle in the light of recent experiments.
Paul P. F. Wessels; Matthias Schmidt; Hartmut Lowen
The interaction region bump (IR bump) nonlinear correction method has been used for the sextupole and octupole field error on-line corrections in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) . Some differences were found for the sextupole and octupole corrector strengths between the on-line IR bump correction and the predictions from the action-angle kick minimization. In this article, we compare the corrector strengths from these two methods based on the RHIC Blue ring lattice with the IR nonlinear modeling. The comparison confirms the differences between resulting corrector strengths. And the reason for the differences is found and discussed.
Enhancing Condensers for Geothermal Systems: the Effect of High Contact Angles on Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer
Phase change heat transfer is notorious for increasing the irreversibility of, and therefore decreasing the efficiency of, geothermal power plants. Its significant contribution to the overall irreversibility of the plant makes it the most important source of inefficiency in the process. Recent studies here have shown the promotion of drop wise condensation in the lab by means of increasing the surface energy density of a tube with nanotechnology. The use of nanotechnology has allowed the creation of surface treatments which discourage water from wetting a tube surface during a static test. These surface treatments are unique in that they create high- contact angles on the condensing tube surfaces to promote drop wise condensation.
Kennedy, John M.; Kim, Sunwoo; Kim, Kwang J.
Concept development for the ITER equatorial port visible/infrared wide angle viewing system
The ITER equatorial port visible/infrared wide angle viewing system concept is developed from the measurement requirements. The proposed solution situates 4 viewing systems in the equatorial ports 3, 9, 12, and 17 with 4 views each (looking at the upper target, the inner divertor, and tangentially left and right). This gives sufficient coverage. The spatial resolution of the divertor system is 2 times higher than the other views. For compensation of vacuum-vessel movements, an optical hinge concept is proposed. Compactness and low neutron streaming is achieved by orienting port plug doglegs horizontally. Calibration methods, risks, and R and D topics are outlined.
Reichle, R.; Beaumont, B.; Boilson, D.; Bouhamou, R.; Direz, M.-F.; Encheva, A.; Henderson, M.; Kazarian, F.; Lamalle, Ph.; Lisgo, S.; Mitteau, R.; Patel, K. M.; Pitcher, C. S.; Pitts, R. A.; Prakash, A.; Raffray, R.; Schunke, B.; Snipes, J.; Diaz, A. Suarez; Udintsev, V. S. [ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, 13115 St Paul-lez-Durance (France); and others
Scanning angle Raman spectroscopy: Investigation of Raman scatter enhancement techniques for chemical analysis
This thesis outlines advancements in Raman scatter enhancement techniques by applying evanescent fields, standing-waves (waveguides) and surface enhancements to increase the generated mean square electric field, which is directly related to the intensity of Raman scattering. These techniques are accomplished by employing scanning angle Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. A 1064 nm multichannel Raman spectrometer is discussed for chemical analysis of lignin. Extending dispersive multichannel Raman spectroscopy to 1064 nm reduces the fluorescence interference that can mask the weaker Raman scattering. Overall, these techniques help address the major obstacles in Raman spectroscopy for chemical analysis, which include the inherently weak Raman cross section and susceptibility to fluorescence interference.
Meyer, Matthew W. [Ames Laboratory
Solar heat gain coefficient of complex fenestrations with a venetian blind for differing slat tilt angles
Measured bidirectional transmittances and reflectances of a buff-colored venetian blind together with a layer calculation scheme developed in previous publications are utilized to produce directional-hemispherical properties for the venetian blind layer and solar heat gain coefficients for the blind in combination with clear double glazing. Results are presented for three blind slat tilt angles and for the blind mounted either interior to the double glazing or between the glass panes. Implications of the results for solar heat gain calculations are discussed in the context of sun positions for St. Louis, MO.
Klems, J.H.; Warner, J.L.
Use of Small Angle Neutron Scattering to Study Various Properties of Wool and Mohair Fibres
To maintain a competitive edge in the wool and mohair industry, a detailed knowledge and understanding of the properties of wool fibres is essential. Standard techniques are used to determine fibre diameter, length and strength; however, properties such as hydroscopicity, lustre and changes in fibre structure following chemical or mechanical treatment are not so well understood. The unique capabilities of small angle neutron scattering to study changes in the supermolecular structure of wool fibres, particularly at the level of the microfibril-matrix complex, have been used to provide previously unknown features of the fibres. The results of these studies are presented.
Franklyn, C. B. [Radiation Science Department, Necsa, PO Box 582, Pretoria 0001 (South Africa); Toeroek, Gy. [Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, H-1525 Budapest, POB 49 (Hungary)
Neutrino Mass Models and the Implications of a Non-Zero Reactor Angle
In this talk we survey some of the recent promising developments in the search for the theory behind neutrino mass and mixing, and indeed all fermion masses and mixing. The talk is organized in terms of a neutrino mass models decision tree according to which the answers to experimental questions provide sign posts to guide us through the maze of theoretical models eventually towards a complete theory of flavour and unification. We also discuss the theoretical implications of the measurement of a non-zero reactor angle, as hinted at by recent experimental measurements.
S. F. King
King, S F
Directional Stress Indices and Stress Intensification Factors for 90 Degree Elbows (PWRMRP-06)
This report provides equations, based on analyses and test data, for determining the directional stress indices and stress intensification factors (SIFs) for 90 degree elbows. Present methodologies used to determine these parameters are generally overly conservative. The report contains results of an investigation into the stress intensification factors and directional stress indices of 90 degree elbows.
Study in Indonesia and gain credit towards your degree! Unleash your creativity...
Study in Indonesia and gain credit towards your degree! Unleash your creativity... Spend a semester at Indonesia's premiere institution for visual and performing arts... StudytheArtsinIndonesia Study in Indonesia and gain credit towards your degree! ACICIS #12;w w w . a c i c i s . m u r d o c h . e d u . a u
Pre-medical Studies Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Degree Schemes
Pre-medical Studies A900 Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Degree Schemes Our Pre-medical Studies course provides an opportunity for entry into medical education for individuals with non to enter year 1 of the Liverpool University MBChB medical degree studying at Lancaster or Liverpool
Meju, Max
Cleaning random d-regular graphs with brushes using a degree-greedy algorithm
In the recently introduced model for cleaning a graph with brushes, we use a degree-greedy algorithm to clean a random d-regular graph on n vertices (with dn even). We then use a differential equations method to find the (asymptotic) ... Keywords: cleaning process, degree--greedy algorithm, differential equations method, random d-regular graphs
Margaret-Ellen Messinger; Pawe? Pra?at; Richard J. Nowakowski; Nicholas Wormald
Real Time Selective Harmonic Minimization for Multilevel Inverters Connected to Solar Panels Using Artificial Neural Network Angle Generation
This work approximates the selective harmonic elimination problem using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to generate the switching angles in an 11-level full-bridge cascade inverter powered by five varying dc input sources. Each of the five full bridges of the cascade inverter was connected to a separate 195-W solar panel. The angles were chosen such that the fundamental was kept constant and the low-order harmonics were minimized or eliminated. A nondeterministic method is used to solve the system for the angles and to obtain the data set for the ANN training. The method also provides a set of acceptable solutions in the space where solutions do not exist by analytical methods. The trained ANN is a suitable tool that brings a small generalization effect on the angles' precision and is able to perform in real time (50-/60-Hz time window).
Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL; Ozpineci, Burak [ORNL; Filho, Faete [ORNL; Cao, Yue [ORNL
Downslope Flows on a Low-Angle Slope and Their Interactions with Valley Inversions. Part II: Numerical Modeling
The characteristics of well-developed downslope winds observed by tethered balloon soundings at multiple locations over a low-angle slope in the Salt Lake Valley are studied using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The model ...
Shiyuan Zhong; C. David Whiteman
Joint Professional/Graduate Degree Program FORM: The faculties of the College of _____ and the College/School/Department of
Joint Professional/Graduate Degree Program FORM: The faculties of the College of _____ and the College/School/Department of ___________ have approved a joint degree program culminating in both/Specialist/Engineer/Master of _____ degree, awarded by the College/School/Department of ______. Under the joint degree program, a student can
Roy, Subrata
P-wave velocity structure of the southern Ryukyu margin east of Taiwan: Results from the ACTS wide-angle seismic experiment
Okinawa trough over the Ryukyu arc and forearc. Wide angle seismic data were recorded by the OBS array
Demouchy, Sylvie
Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies Revealed Three Kinetic
June 2010 June 2010 Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies Revealed Three Kinetic Stages of a T=4 Virus Maturation Most eukaryotic viruses, including HIV, influenza and herpes viruses, undergo maturation when transitioning from the noninfectious provirion to the infectious virion. Maturation processes involve reorganization of viral quaternary structure to defend viral gene from the cellular defense mechanism and lead to effective transfection. Nudaurelia capensis omega virus, NwV, is a T=4, non-enveloped, icosahedral, single strand RNA virus, where T is the triangulation number defining an icosahedral lattice of the virus capsid structure. Virus like particles (VLPs) of NwV exhibit large pH-dependent conformational changes (LCC) when the procapsid, purified at pH=7.6, (~480 Å) is exposed to pH=5.0, resulting in ~400 Å particles (Figure 1). In response to the LCC, an auto-proteolysis occurs in which each of 240 subunits is cleaved at Asn570-Phe571 (1). We investigated this pH-induced maturation by equilibrium and time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at SSRL beam line 4-2.
Search for the ?_{13} Neutrino Mixing Angle Using Reactor Anti-Neutrinos
The measurement of the last undetermined neutrino mixing angle \\theta_{13} is the main goal of the future experimental research on neutrino oscillations. At present, \\theta_{13} is only known to be much smaller than the two other mixing angles, \\theta_{12} and \\theta_{23}. The present bound, which is dominated by the result of the CHOOZ reactor experiment, is \\sin^{2}2\\theta_{13}reactor anti-neutrino disappearance experiments has not been fully exploited yet. A rich experimental program is underway, which aims at exploring in the near future up to \\sin^{2}2\\theta_{13}\\lesssim0.01. The targeted sensitivity requires a clear-cut strategy to reduce significantly both statistical and systematical errors with respect to past reactor experiments. A key feature for the success of all projects is the installation of one or more near identical detectors. The experimental concept and the status of the upcoming or proposed reactor experiments, and as well the prospects of the reactor-based search for \\theta_{13} are reviewed.
Dario Motta
DNA folding: structural and mechanical properties of the two-angle model for chromatin
We present a theoretical analysis of the structural and mechanical properties of the 30-nm chromatin fiber. Our study is based on the two-angle model introduced by Woodcock et al. (Woodcock, C. L., S. A. Grigoryev, R. A. Horowitz, and N. Whitaker. 1993. PNAS 90:9021-9025) that describes the chromatin fiber geometry in terms of the entry-exit angle of the nucleosomal DNA and the rotational setting of the neighboring nucleosomes with respect to each other. We explore analytically the different structures that arise from this building principle, and demonstrate that the geometry with the highest density is close to the one found in native chromatin fibers under physiological conditions. On the basis of this model we calculate mechanical properties of the fiber under stretching. We obtain expressions for the stress-strain characteristics which show good agreement with the results of recent stretching experiments (Cui, Y., and C. Bustamante. 2000. PNAS 97:127-132) and computer simulations (Katritch, V., C. Bustamante, and W. K. Olson. 2000. J. Mol. Biol. 295:29-40), and which provide simple physical insights into correlations between the structural and elastic properties of chromatin.
H. Schiessel; W. M. Gelbart; R. Bruinsma
A Precision Low-Energy Measurement of the Weak Mixing Angle in Moller Scattering
The E-158 experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) measures the parity-violating cross-section asymmetry in electron-electron (Moeller) scattering at low Q{sup 2}. This asymmetry, whose Standard Model prediction is roughly -150 parts per billion (ppb), is directly proportional to (1-4 sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub W}), where {theta}{sub W} is the weak mixing angle. Measuring this asymmetry to within 10% provides an important test of the Standard Model at the quantum loop level and probes for new physics at the TeV scale. The experiment employs the SLAC 50 GeV electron beam, scattering it off a liquid hydrogen target. A system of magnets and collimators is used to isolate and focus the Moeller scattering events into an integrating calorimeter. The electron beam is generated at the source using a strained, gradient-doped GaAs photocathode, which produces roughly 5 x 10{sup 11} electrons/pulse (at a beam rate of 120 Hz) with {approx} 80% longitudinal polarization. The helicity of the beam can be rapidly switched, eliminating problems associated with slow drifts. Helicity-correlations in the beam parameters (charge, position, angle and energy) are minimized at the source and corrected for using precision beam monitoring devices.
Mastromarino, P.
Octahedral Symmetry with Geometrical Breaking: New Prediction for Neutrino Mixing Angle theta_{13} and CP Violation
We propose octahedral group O_h as the family symmetry of neutrino-lepton sector, with subgroups Z_2(mu-tau) x Z_2(solar) and Z_4^l as the residual symmetries of neutrinos and charged leptons, respectively. We find that O_h is a minimal group which contains the subgroups Z_2(mu-tau) x Z_2(solar) and Z_4^l for realizing the bimaximal mixings theta_{23} = theta_{12} = 45^o. We present geometric interpretations of O_h and its residual symmetries, and further construct a natural geometrical breaking of Z_4^l. Our theory makes truly simple new predictions of a relatively large reactor angle, theta_{13} = 45^o - theta_{12} = 7.9^o - 14.0^o (3 sigma), the maximal atmospheric angle theta_{23} = 45^o, and the maximal Dirac CP violation delta_D = +-90^o. These agree well with the current neutrino data, and will be further probed by the on-going and upcoming oscillation experiments.
He, Hong-Jian
We propose octahedral group O_h as the family symmetry of neutrino-lepton sector. We find that O_h contains subgroups Z_2(mu-tau) x Z_2(solar) and Z_4^l for realizing the bimaximal (BM) mixings, theta_{23} = theta_{12} = 45^o and theta_{13}=0^o, where Z_2(mu-tau) x Z_2(solar) and Z_4^l serve as the residual symmetries of neutrinos and charged leptons, respectively. We present geometric interpretations of BM mixing in the octahedron, and construct natural geometrical breaking of Z_4^l, leading to nontrivial deviations from the BM mixings. Our theory makes truly simple predictions of a relatively large reactor angle, theta_{13} = 45^o - theta_{12} = 7.5^o - 13.7^o (3 sigma), the nearly maximal atmospheric angle and the approximate maximal Dirac CP violation. These agree well with the current neutrino data, and will be further probed by the on-going and upcoming oscillation experiments.
Hong-Jian He; Xun-Jie Xu
Automorphisms of the truth-table degrees are fixed on some cone
Let Dtt denote the set of truth-table degrees. A bijection p from Dtt to Dtt is an automorphism if for all truth-table degrees x and y we have x =tt b we have p(x) = x. We first prove that for every 2-generic real X we have X' is not tt below X + 0'. We next prove that for every real X >=tt 0' there is a real Y such that Y + 0' =tt Y' =tt X. Finally, we use this to demonstrate that every automorphism of the truth-table degrees is fixed on some cone.
Anderson, Bernard A
Nodal domains of a non-separable problem - the right angled isosceles triangle
We study the nodal set of eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator on the right angled isosceles triangle. A local analysis of the nodal pattern provides an algorithm for computing the number of nodal domains for any eigenfunction. In addition, an exact recursive formula for the number of nodal domains is found to reproduce all existing data. Eventually we use the recursion formula to analyse a large sequence of nodal counts statistically. Our analysis shows that the distribution of nodal counts for this triangular shape has a much richer structure than the known cases of regular separable shapes or completely irregular shapes. Furthermore we demonstrate that the nodal count sequence contains information about the periodic orbits of the corresponding classical ray dynamics.
Amit Aronovitch; Ram Band; David Fajman; Sven Gnutzmann
Equilibrium gas-liquid-solid contact angle from density-functional theory
We investigate the equilibrium of a fluid in contact with a solid boundary through a density-functional theory. Depending on the conditions, the fluid can be in one phase, gas or liquid, or two phases, while the wall induces an external field acting on the fluid particles. We first examine the case of a liquid film in contact with the wall. We construct bifurcation diagrams for the film thickness as a function of the chemical potential. At a specific value of the chemical potential, two equally stable films, a thin one and a thick one, can coexist. As saturation is approached, the thickness of the thick film tends to infinity. This allows the construction of a liquid-gas interface that forms a well defined contact angle with the wall.
Pereira, Antonio
Waveguide detection of right-angle-scattered light in flow cytometry
A transparent flow cell is used as an index-guided optical waveguide. A detector for the flow cell but not the liquid stream detects the Right-Angle-Scattered (RAS) Light exiting from one end of the flow cell. The detector(s) could view the trapped RAS light from the flow cell either directly or through intermediate optical light guides. If the light exits one end of the flow cell, then the other end of the flow cell can be given a high-reflectivity coating to approximately double the amount of light collected. This system is more robust in its alignment than the traditional flow cytometry systems which use imaging optics, such as microscope objectives.
Mariella, Jr., Raymond P. (Danville, CA)
Small angle x-ray scattering studies of carbon anodes used in lithium rechargeable batteries.
In ANL laboratories, disordered carbons with predictable surface area and porosity properties have been prepared using inorganic templates containing well defined pore sizes. The carbons have been tested in electrochemical cells as anodes in lithium secondary batteries. They deliver high specific capacity and display excellent performance in terms of the number of cycles run. In situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) during electrochemical cycling was carried out at the Advanced Photon Source, at ANL. In order to monitor the carbon electrode structural changes upon cycling, an electrochemical cell was specially designed to allow for the application of electrical current and the collection of SAXS data at the same time. Results show that upon cycling the structure of the carbon remains unchanged, which is desirable in reversible systems.
Sandi, G.; Carrado, K. A.; Winans, R. E.; Seifert, S.; Johnson, C. S.
Measuring Solar Spectral and Angle-ofIncidence Effects on Photovoltaic Modules and Solar Irradiance Sensors
Historically, two time-of-day dependent factors have complicated the characterization of photovoltaic module and array performance; namely, changes in the solar spectrum over the day and optical effects in the module that vary with the solar angle-of-incidence. This paper describes straightforward methods for directly measuring the effects of these two factors. Measured results for commercial modules, as well as for typical solar irradiance sensors (pyranometers) are provided. The empirical relationships obtained from the measurements can be used to improve the methods used for system design, verification of performance after installation, and diagnostic monitoring of performance during operation. INTRODUCTION It is common knowledge to people familiar with photovoltaic technology that the electrical current generated by photovoltaic devices is influenced by the spectral distribution (spectrum) of sunlight. It is also commonly understood that the spectral distribution of sunlight vari...
David L. King; Jay A. Kratochvil; William E. Boyson
Modeling of the ITER-like wide-angle infrared thermography view of JET
Infrared (IR) thermography systems are mandatory to ensure safe plasma operation in fusion devices. However, IR measurements are made much more complicated in metallic environment because of the spurious contributions of the reflected fluxes. This paper presents a full predictive photonic simulation able to assess accurately the surface temperature measurement with classical IR thermography from a given plasma scenario and by taking into account the optical properties of PFCs materials. This simulation has been carried out the ITER-like wide angle infrared camera view of JET in comparing with experimental data. The consequences and the effects of the low emissivity and the bidirectional reflectivity distribution function used in the model for the metallic PFCs on the contribution of the reflected flux in the analysis are discussed.
Aumeunier, M.-H. [CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance (France); OPTIS, ZE de La Farlede, F-83078 Toulon Cedex 9 (France); Firdaouss, M.; Travere, J.-M.; Loarer, T.; Gauthier, E.; Martin, V. [CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance (France); Chabaud, D.; Humbert, E. [OPTIS, ZE de La Farlede, F-83078 Toulon Cedex 9 (France); Collaboration: JET-EFDA Contributors
An ultrafast angle-resolved photoemission apparatus for measuring complex materials
We present technical specifications for a high resolution time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy setup based on a hemispherical electron analyzer and cavity-dumped solid state Ti:sapphire laser used to generate pump and probe beams, respectively, at 1.48 and 5.93 eV. The pulse repetition rate can be tuned from 209 Hz to 54.3 MHz. Under typical operating settings the system has an overall energy resolution of 23 meV, an overall momentum resolution of 0.003 A{sup -1}, and an overall time resolution of 310 fs. We illustrate the system capabilities with representative data on the cuprate superconductor Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}}. The descriptions and analyses presented here will inform new developments in ultrafast electron spectroscopy.
Smallwood, Christopher L.; Lanzara, Alessandra [Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Jozwiak, Christopher [Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Zhang Wentao [Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)
A Precision Measurement of the Neutrino Mixing Angle theta_13 using Reactor Antineutrinos at Daya Bay
A reactor-neutrino experiment, Daya Bay, has been proposed to determine the least-known neutrino mixing angle theta_13 using electron antineutrinos produced at the Daya Bay nuclear power complex in China. Daya Bay is an international collaboration with institutions from China, the United States, the Czech Republic, Hong Kong, Russia, and Taiwan. The experiment will use eight identical detectors deployed at three different locations optimized for monitoring the antineutrino rates from the six reactors and for detecting any rate deficit and spectral distortion near the first oscillation maximum. The overburden of the under ground experimental halls, connected with tunnels, ranges from about 250 to 900 meters-water-equivalent so that the cosmogenic background is small compared to the number of observed antineutrino events. Civil construction of tunnels and experimental facilities is planned to start in 2007, with detector construction beginning in 2008. The experiment will begin collecting data in 2010. By compa...
Guo, Xinheng
Robust, high-throughput solution structural analyses by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
We present an efficient pipeline enabling high-throughput analysis of protein structure in solution with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Our SAXS pipeline combines automated sample handling of microliter volumes, temperature and anaerobic control, rapid data collection and data analysis, and couples structural analysis with automated archiving. We subjected 50 representative proteins, mostly from Pyrococcus furiosus, to this pipeline and found that 30 were multimeric structures in solution. SAXS analysis allowed us to distinguish aggregated and unfolded proteins, define global structural parameters and oligomeric states for most samples, identify shapes and similar structures for 25 unknown structures, and determine envelopes for 41 proteins. We believe that high-throughput SAXS is an enabling technology that may change the way that structural genomics research is done.
Hura, Greg L.; Menon, Angeli L.; Hammel, Michal; Rambo, Robert P.; Poole II, Farris L.; Tsutakawa, Susan E.; Jenney Jr, Francis E.; Classen, Scott; Frankel, Kenneth A.; Hopkins, Robert C.; Yang, Sungjae; Scott, Joseph W.; Dillard, Bret D.; Adams, Michael W. W.; Tainer, John A.
The Large-Angle Photon Veto System for the NA62 Experiment at CERN
Abstract�The branching ratio (BR) for the decay K + ? ? + ? �? is a sensitive probe for new physics. The NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS will measure this BR to within about 10%. To reject the dominant background from channels with final state photons, the large-angle vetoes (LAVs) must detect photons of energy as low as 200 MeV with an inefficiency of less than 10 ?4, as well as provide energy and time measurements with resolutions of 10 % and 1 ns for 1 GeV photons. The LAV detectors make creative reuse of lead glass blocks recycled from the OPAL electromagnetic calorimeter barrel. We describe the mechanical design and challenges faced during construction, the characterization of the lead glass blocks and solutions adopted for monitoring their performance, and the development of front-end electronics to allow simultaneous time and energy measurements over an extended dynamic range using the time-over-threshold
F. Ambrosino; B. Angelucci; A. Antonelli; F. Costantini; R. Fantechi; S. Gallorini; S. Giudici; E. Leonardi; I. Mannelli; P. Massarotti; M. Moulson; M. Napolitano; V. Palladino; F. Rafaelli; M. Raggi; G. Saracino; M. Serra; T. Spadaro; P. Valente; S. Venditti; F. Ambrosino; P. Massarotti; M. Napolitano
Small angle neutron scattering analysis of novel carbons for lithium secondary batteries.
Small angle neutron scattering analyses of carbonaceous materials used as anodes in lithium ion cells have been performed. The carbons have been synthesized using pillared clays (PILCs) as inorganic templates. Pillared clays are layered silicates whose sheets have been permanently propped open by sets of thermally stable molecular props. The calcined PILC was loaded with five different organic precursors and heated at 700 C under nitrogen. When the inorganic pillars were removed by acid treatment, carbon sheets are produced with holes. The fitting of the data in the high q region suggested that the carbon sheets have voids with radii ranging from 4 to 8 {angstrom}. Similar radii were obtained for the PILC and PILC/organic precursor, which suggests that the carbon was well distributed in the clay prior to pyrolysis.
Sandi, G.; Thiyagarajan, P.; Winans, R.; Carrado, K.
The BoPen : a tangible pointer tracked in six degrees of freedom
In this thesis, I designed and implemented an optical system for freehand interactions in six degrees of freedom. A single camera captures a pen's location and orientation, including roll, tilt, x, y, and z by reading ...
Taub, Daniel Matthew
The Effective Number of Spatial Degrees of Freedom of a Time-Varying Field
The authors systematically investigate two easily computed measures of the effective number of spatial degrees of freedom (ESDOF), or number of independently varying spatial patterns, of a time-varying field of data. The first measure is based on ...
Christopher S. Bretherton; Martin Widmann; Valentin P. Dymnikov; John M. Wallace; Ileana Blad�
A complete minimal system of covariants for the binary form of degree 7
A minimal system of 147 homogeneous generators of the algebra of covariants for the binary form of degree 7 is calculated. Keywords: Classical invariant theory, Covariants of binary form, Derivations
Leonid Bedratyuk
The Complexity of Approximating Bounded-Degree Boolean #CSP (Extended Abstract)
The degree of a CSP instance is the maximum number of times that a variable may appear in the scope of constraints. We consider the approximate counting problem for Boolean CSPs with bounded-degree instances, for constraint languages containing the two unary constant relations {0} and {1}. When the maximum degree is at least 25 we obtain a complete classification of the complexity of this problem. It is exactly solvable in polynomial-time if every relation in the constraint language is affine. It is equivalent to the problem of approximately counting independent sets in bipartite graphs if every relation can be expressed as conjunctions of {0}, {1} and binary implication. Otherwise, there is no FPRAS unless NP=RP. For lower degree bounds, additional cases arise in which the complexity is related to the complexity of approximately counting independent sets in hypergraphs.
Dyer, Martin E; Jalsenius, Markus; Richerby, David
Effective real-world project collaboration: Strategies from a cyber security degree program
The undergraduate degree of computer and cyber security has been offered at the School of Information Technology, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, Thailand since 2005. Our program requires direct field experience when students are taking upper-level ...
Wajee Chookittikul; Peter E. Maher
Brief 68.1 Nuclear Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2010 Data
The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2009 and August 31, 2010, and fall 2010 enrollments. Thirty-two academic programs reported having nuclear engineering programs during 2010, and data was obtained from all thirty-two.
Dr. Don Johnson, Analysis and Evaluation, Science Education Programs
Resonant Third-Degree Diurnal Tides in the Seas off Western Europe
Third-degree diurnal tides are estimated from long time series of sea level measurements at three North Atlantic tide gauges. Although their amplitudes are only a few millimeters or less, their admittances are far larger than those of second-...
Richard D. Ray
Interannual Variability in Global Soil Respiration on a 0.5 Degree...
D. Bhagawati. 2003. Interannual Variability in Global Soil Respiration on a 0.5 Degree Grid Cell Basis (1980-1994). NDP-081. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, U.S....
Interannual Variability in Global Soil Respiration on a 0.5 Degree Grid Cell Basis (1980-1994) (NDP-081) DOI: 10.3334CDIAClue.ndp081 PDF PDF Contributors James W. Raich 1,...
D. Bhagawati. 2003. Interannual Variability in Global Soil Respiration on a 0.5 Degree Grid Cell Basis (1980-1994). ORNLCDIAC-144, NDP-081. Available on-line http:...
Recent and Future Trends in U.S. Undergraduate Meteorology Enrollments, Degree Recipients, and Employment Opportunities
Using data derived from the American Meteorological Society�University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Curricula and U.S. Department of Education statistics, it is found that the number of meteorology bachelor's degree recipients in the ...
John A. Knox
Wind: monthly and annual average wind GIS data at one-degree...
monthly and annual average wind GIS data at one-degree resolution of the World from NASASSE
(Abstract):�� Wind Speed At 50 m Above The Surface Of The Earth (m...
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY STUDIES What can I do with this degree?
services agencies Federal, state and local government particularly Departments of Welfare and Health Degree? Page 3 AREAS EMPLOYERS STRATEGIES GOVERNMENT Federal, state and local government agencies agencies Summer camp programs Adult and child daycare providers Programs servicing children and adults
Escher, Christine
Stability ofBifurcatingSolutionsbyLeray-SchauderDegree D. H. SATTINGER
problems in nuclear reactor design, etc. For the purposes of this paper the principle of linearized at hand. There is, in addition, a natural motivation for using degree theory which is explained in w4
Zakharov, Vladimir
Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 1949-2011
Table 1.10 Cooling Degree-Days by Census Division, 1949-2011: Year: New England: Middle Atlantic: East North Central: West North Central: South Atlantic: East South
SoundStrand : a tangible interface for composing music with limited degrees of freedom
This thesis presents SoundStrand, a novel tangible interface for composing music. A new paradigm is also presented - one that allows for music composition with limited degrees of freedom, and therefore is well suited for ...
Shahar, Eyal
PTAS for maximum weight independent set problem with random weights in bounded degree graphs
Finding the largest independent set in a graph is a notoriously difficult NP-complete combinatorial optimization problem. Moreover, even for graphs with largest degree 3, no polynomial time approximation algorithm exists ...
Gamarnik, David
A Precision Measurement of the Weak Mixing Angle in Moller Scattering at Low Q^2
The electroweak theory has been probed to a high level of precision at the mass scale of the Z{sup 0} through the joint contributions of LEP at CERN and the SLC at SLAC. The E158 experiment at SLAC complements these results by measuring the weak mixing angle at a Q{sup 2} of 0.026 (GeV/c){sup 2}, far below the weak scale. The experiment utilizes a 48 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam on unpolarized atomic electrons in a target of liquid hydrogen to measure the parity-violating asymmetry A{sup PV} in Moeller scattering. The tree-level prediction for A{sup PV} is proportional to 1-4 sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub W}. Since sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub W} {approx} 0.25, the effect of radiative corrections is enhanced, allowing the E158 experiment to probe for physics effects beyond the Standard Model at the TeV scale. This work presents the results from the first two physics runs of the experiment, covering data collected in the year 2002. The parity-violating asymmetry A{sup PV} was measured to be A{sup PV} = -158 ppb {+-} 21 ppb (stat) {+-} 17 ppb (sys). The result represents the first demonstration of parity violation in Moeller scattering. The observed value of A{sup PV} corresponds to a measurement of the weak mixing angle of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub W}{sup eff} = 0.2380 {+-} 0.0016(stat) {+-} 0.0013(sys), which is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub W}{sup eff} = 0.2385 {+-} 0.0006 (theory).
Jones, G.
Degree of compression and energy efficiency of a capillary compressor of femtosecond laser pulses
A relation between the degree of pulse compression and energy efficiency is derived for femtosecond laser pulse compressors that utilise spectral broadening of pulses in a gas-filled capillary. We show that the degree of compression has a maximum at an energy efficiency from 15% to 30%. A 15-fold compression of a 290-fs pulse with an energy efficiency of 24% is demonstrated.
Konyashchenko, Aleksandr V; Kostryukov, P V; Losev, Leonid L; Tenyakov, S Yu
On Algebraic Solutions of Polynomial Equations of Degree n in one Variable
We will show that the roots of a polynomial equation in one variable of degree n are related to the solutions of a symmetric quadratic form in n-1 variables with constant positive integer coefficients. The classic polynomial notation will be rewritten to define a characteristic discriminant of a polynomial of degree n. A new set of characteristic roots allows expressing the characteristic discriminant as the result of a symmetric quadratic form.
Gerry Martens
Real time selective harmonic minimization for multilevel inverters using genetic algorithm and artifical neural network angle generation
The work developed here proposes a methodology for calculating switching angles for varying DC sources in a multilevel cascaded H-bridges converter. In this approach the required fundamental is achieved, the lower harmonics are minimized, and the system can be implemented in real time with low memory requirements. Genetic algorithm (GA) is the stochastic search method to find the solution for the set of equations where the input voltages are the known variables and the switching angles are the unknown variables. With the dataset generated by GA, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained to store the solutions without excessive memory storage requirements. This trained ANN then senses the voltage of each cell and produces the switching angles in order to regulate the fundamental at 120 V and eliminate or minimize the low order harmonics while operating in real time.
Filho, Faete J [ORNL; Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL; Ozpineci, Burak [ORNL
ARM - Datastreams - nimfr
Datastreamsnimfr Datastreamsnimfr Documentation Data Quality Plots Citation DOI: 10.5439/1025258 [ What is this? ] Generate Citation ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Example nimfr Archive Data Plot Example nimfr Archive Data Plot Datastream : NIMFR Normal Incidence Multi-Filter Radiometer (NIMFR): direct normal irradiances Active Dates 1997.10.16 - 2014.01.09 Measurement Categories Radiometric Originating Instrument Normal Incidence Multifilter Radiometer (NIMFR) Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable Airmass unitless airmass ( time ) Altitude above mean sea level m alt Azimuth angle degrees azimuth_angle ( time )
ARM - Datastreams - mfr10m
Datastreamsmfr10m Datastreamsmfr10m Documentation Data Quality Plots Citation DOI: 10.5439/1025224 [ What is this? ] Generate Citation ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Example mfr10m Archive Data Plot Example mfr10m Archive Data Plot Datastream : MFR10M Multi-Filter Radiometer (MFR): upwelling irradiance at 10-meter height Active Dates 1994.03.26 - 2014.01.02 Measurement Categories Radiometric Originating Instrument Multifilter Radiometer (MFR) Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable Airmass unitless airmass ( time ) Altitude above mean sea level m alt Azimuth angle degrees azimuth_angle ( time )
ARM - Datastreams - mfr25m
Datastreamsmfr25m Datastreamsmfr25m Documentation Data Quality Plots Citation DOI: 10.5439/1025225 [ What is this? ] Generate Citation ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Example mfr25m Archive Data Plot Example mfr25m Archive Data Plot Datastream : MFR25M Multi-Filter Radiometer (MFR): upwelling irradiance at 25-meter height Active Dates 1994.04.17 - 2014.01.02 Measurement Categories Radiometric Originating Instrument Multifilter Radiometer (MFR) Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable Airmass unitless airmass ( time ) Altitude above mean sea level m alt Azimuth angle degrees azimuth_angle ( time )
A comparison between amplitude sorting and phase-angle sorting using external respiratory measurement for 4D CT
Respiratory motion can cause significant dose delivery errors in conformal radiation therapy for thoracic and upper abdominal tumors. Four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) has been proposed to provide the image data necessary to model tumor motion and consequently reduce these errors. The purpose of this work was to compare 4D CT reconstruction methods using amplitude sorting and phase angle sorting. A 16-slice CT scanner was operated in cine mode to acquire 25 scans consecutively at each couch position through the thorax. The patient underwent synchronized external respiratory measurements. The scans were sorted into 12 phases based, respectively, on the amplitude and direction (inhalation or exhalation) or on the phase angle (0-360 deg.) of the external respiratory signal. With the assumption that lung motion is largely proportional to the measured respiratory amplitude, the variation in amplitude corresponds to the variation in motion for each phase. A smaller variation in amplitude would associate with an improved reconstructed image. Air content, defined as the amount of air within the lungs, bronchi, and trachea in a 16-slice CT segment and used by our group as a surrogate for internal motion, was correlated to the respiratory amplitude and phase angle throughout the lungs. For the 35 patients who underwent quiet breathing, images (similar to those used for treatment planning) and animations (used to display respiratory motion) generated using amplitude sorting displayed fewer reconstruction artifacts than those generated using phase angle sorting. The variations in respiratory amplitude were significantly smaller (P<0.001) with amplitude sorting than those with phase angle sorting. The subdivision of the breathing cycle into more (finer) phases improved the consistency in respiratory amplitude for amplitude sorting, but not for phase angle sorting. For 33 of the 35 patients, the air content showed significantly improved (P<0.001) correlation with the respiratory amplitude than with the phase angle, suggesting a stronger relationship between internal motion and amplitude. Overall, amplitude sorting performed better than phase angle sorting for 33 of the 35 patients and equally well for two patients who were immobilized with a stereotactic body frame and an abdominal compression plate.
Lu Wei; Parikh, Parag J.; Hubenschmidt, James P.; Bradley, Jeffrey D.; Low, Daniel A. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 (United States)
Synchro-betatron effects in the presence of large Piwinski angle and crab cavities at the HL-LHC
The reduction of {beta}* at the collision points for the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) requires an increment in the crossing angle to maintain the normalized beam separation to suppress the effects of long-range beam-beam interactions. However, an increase in the crossing angle may give rise to synchro-betatron resonances which may negatively affect the beam emittance and lifetime. 6D weak-strong and strong-strong simulations were performed to study the effect of synchro-betatron resonances in the context of the HL-LHC layout and its suppression via crab crossing.
White S.; Calaga, R.; Miyamoto, R.
Manpower Assessment Brief {number_sign}42: Nuclear Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Decreased at all Levels in 1997
This report presents the findings from a 1997 enrollment and degree survey sent to 46 institutions offering a major in nuclear engineering or an option program received their degrees within the nuclear engineering major programs.
Economic Recovery of Oil Trapped at Fan Margins Using Hig Angle Wells Multiple Hydraulic Fractures
The Yowlumne field is a giant field in the southern San Joaquin basin, Kern County, California. It is a deep (13,000 ft) waterflood operation that produces from the Miocene- aged Stevens Sand. The reservoir is interpreted as a layered, fan-shaped, prograding turbidite complex containing several lobe-shaped sand bodies that represent distinct flow units. A high ultimate recovery factor is expected, yet significant quantities of undrained oil remain at the fan margins. The fan margins are not economic to develop using vertical wells because of thinning pay, deteriorating rock quality, and depth. This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting the northeast distal fan margin through the use of a high- angle well completed with multiple hydraulic- fracture treatments. A high-angle well offers greater pay exposure than can be achieved with a vertical well. Hydraulic-fracture treatments will establish vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. The equivalent production rate and reserves of three vertical wells are anticipated at a cost of approximately two vertical wells. The near-horizontal well penetrated the Yowlumne sand; a Stevens sand equivalent, in the distal fan margin in the northeast area of the field. The well was drilled in a predominately westerly direction towards the interior of the field, in the direction of improving rock quality. Drilling and completion operations proved to be very challenging, leading to a number of adjustments to original plans. Hole conditions resulted in obtaining less core material than desired and setting intermediate casing 1200 ft too high. The 7 in. production liner stuck 1000 ft off bottom, requiring a 5 in. liner to be run the rest of the way. The cement job on the 5 in. liner resulted in a very poor bond, which precluded one of three hydraulic fracture treatments originally planned for the well. Openhole logs confirmed most expectations going into the project about basic rock properties: the formation was shaly with low porosities, and water saturations were in line with expectations, including the presence of some intervals swept out by the waterflood. High water saturations at the bottom of the well eliminated one of the originally planned hydraulic fracture treatments. Although porosities proved to be low, they were more uniform across the formation than expected. Permeabilities of the various intervals continue to be evaluated, but appear to be better than expected from the porosity log model derived in Budget Period One. The well was perforated in all pay sections behind the 5 in. liner. Production rates and phases agree nicely with log calculations, fractional flow calculations, and an analytical technique used to predict the rate performance of the well.
Angular Distributions of Downward Longwave Radiance and Their Meteorological Applications
Measured thermal radiances (? > 3 ?m) from clear and cloudy skies are averaged over azimuth angles to obtain average sky radiances at various zenith angles. The observed variation of sky emissivity with zenith angle can be explained through the ...
Charles A. Coombes; Anthony W. Harrison
Composite bearing and seal materials for advanced heat engine applications to 900 degree C
Plasma sprayed composite coatings of metal-bonded chromium carbide with additions of silver and thermochemically stable fluorides were previously reported to be lubricative in pin on disk bench tests from room temperature to 900{degree}C. An early coating formulation of this type, designated as PS200, was successfully tested as a cylinder coating in a Stirling engine at a TRRT of 760{degree}C (1450{degree}F) in a hydrogen atmosphere, and as a backup lubricant for gas bearings to 650{degree}C (1250{degree}F). A subsequent optimization program as shown that tribological properties are further improved by increasing the solid lubricant content. The improved coating is designated as PS212. The same powder formulation has been used to make free-standing powder metallurgy (PM212) parts by sintering or hot isostatic pressing. The process is very attractive for making parts that cannot be readily plasma sprayed such as bushings and cylinders that have small bore diameters and/or high length to diameter ratios. The properties of coatings and free-standing parts fabricated from these powders are reviewed. 6 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.
Sliney, H.E.
Trade-off between computation time and Hamiltonian degree in adiabatic graph-state quantum computation
Measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) and adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) are two very different computational methods. While in MBQC computation is driven by adaptive measurements on a large entangled state, in AQC it is the adiabatic transition to a ground state holding the solution to the problem which results in computation. In this paper we combine MBQC on graph states with AQC and investigate how properties, such as computational depth, energy gap and Hamiltonian degree, translate into each other. Following an approach proposed by Bacon and Flammia, we show that any measurement-based quantum computation on a graph state with gflow can be converted into an adiabatic computation, which we call adiabatic graph-state quantum computation (AGQC). We then identify how a trade-off can be made between computational depth and Hamiltonian degree, and clarify the effects of out-of-order measurements in the adiabatic computation. In the extreme case, we present a translation to AGQC where all computations can be carried out in constant time, at the expense of having high degree starting Hamiltonian. This leads to a natural conjecture for a lower bound on the cost of simulating large degree operators using smaller degree operators.
Bobby Antonio; Damian Markham; Janet Anders
Cooling Degree Days, by State (Weighted by Population, per 2000 Census) |
Cooling Degree Days, by State (Weighted by Population, per 2000 Census) Cooling Degree Days, by State (Weighted by Population, per 2000 Census) Dataset Summary Description The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services (NESDIS), in conjunction with the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) publish monthly and annual climate data by state for the U.S., including, cooling degree days (total number of days per month and per year). The average values for each state are weighted by population, using 2000 Census data. The base temperature for this dataset is 65 degrees F. Included here are monthly and annual values averaged over several periods of time: 1931-2000, 1931-60, 1941-70, 1951-80, 1961-90, 1971-2000 (standard deviation is also provided). Detailed monthly climatic information (including cooling degree days) is available for the time period between 1895 and 2011, from NOAA (http://www7.ncdc.noaa.gov/CDO/CDODivisionalSelect.jsp#).
Precision Beam Parameter Monitoring in a Measurement of the Weak Mixing Angle in Moeller Scattering
A precision measurement of the parity nonconserving left-right asymmetry, A{sub LR}, in Moeller scattering (e{sup -}e{sup -} {yields} e{sup -}e{sup -}) is currently in progress at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). This experiment, labeled SLAC-E158, scatters longitudinally polarized electrons off atomic electrons in an unpolarized hydrogen target at a Q{sup 2} of 0.03 (GeV/c){sup 2}. The asymmetry, which is the fractional difference in the scattering cross-sections, measures the effective pseudo-scalar weak neutral current coupling, g{sub ee}, governing Moeller scattering. This quantity is in turn proportional to (1/4 - sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w}), where {theta}{sub w} is the electroweak mixing angle. The goal is to measure the asymmetry to a precision of 1 x 10{sup -8} which corresponds to {delta}(sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w}) {approx} 0.0007. Since A{sub LR} is a function of the cross-sections, and the cross-sections depend on the beam parameters, the desired precision of A{sub LR} places stringent requirements on the beam parameters. This paper investigates the requirements on the beam parameters and discusses the means by which they are monitored and accounted for.
Cooke, M.S.
Soluble Hydrogen-bonding Interpolymer Complexes in Water: A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study
The hydrogen-bonding interpolymer complexation between poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and the poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAM) side chains of the negatively charged graft copolymer poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid)-graft-poly(N, N dimethylacrylamide) (P(AA-co-AMPSA)-g-PDMAM), containing 48 wt % of PDMAM, and shortly designated as G48, has been studied by small-angle neutron scattering in aqueous solution. Complexation occurs at low pH (pH hydrogen-bonding interpolymer complexes, whose radius is estimated to be around 165 A. As these particles involve more than five graft copolymer chains, they act as stickers between the anionic chains of the graft copolymer backbone. This can explain the characteristic thickening observed in past rheological measurements with these mixtures in the semidilute solution, with decreasing pH. We have also examined the influence of pH and PAA molecular weight on the formation of these nanoparticles.
Maria Sotiropoulou; Julian Oberdisse; Georgios Staikos
We present a mathematical method to statistically decouple the effects of unknown inclination angles on the mass distribution of exoplanets that have been discovered using radial-velocity (RV) techniques. The method is based on the distribution of the product of two random variables. Thus, if one assumes a true mass distribution, the method makes it possible to recover the observed distribution. We compare our prediction with available RV data. Assuming that the true mass function is described by a power law, the minimum mass function that we recover proves a good fit to the observed distribution at both mass ends. In particular, it provides an alternative explanation for the observed low-mass decline, usually explained as sample incompleteness. In addition, the peak observed near the low-mass end arises naturally in the predicted distribution as a consequence of imposing a low-mass cutoff in the true distribution. If the low-mass bins below 0.02 M{sub J} are complete, then the mass distribution in this regime is heavily affected by the small fraction of lowly inclined interlopers that are actually more massive companions. Finally, we also present evidence that the exoplanet mass distribution changes form toward low mass, implying that a single power law may not adequately describe the sample population.
Lopez, S.; Jenkins, J. S., E-mail: email@example.com [Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago (Chile)
Characterization of geometrical factors for quantitative angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
For conventional angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS), the area under the core-level peaks depends mainly on the in-depth distribution of chemical species at the top surface of a specimen. But the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) intensity is also affected by tool-related geometrical factors such as the shape of the x-ray beam, the spectrometer analysis volume, and the manipulator rotation axis. Data analysis is therefore typically based on normalization with respect to the signal from the substrate. Here, we present an original method to perform quantitative ARXPS without normalization, involving evaluation of these geometrical factors. The method is illustrated for a multiprobe XPS system using a methodology based on a specific software (XPSGeometry{sup Registered-Sign }), but is a general process that can be adapted to all types of XPS equipment, even those not specifically designed for ARXPS. In that case, this method enables bringing the sample as close as possible to the manipulator axis of rotation in order to perform automatic acquisitions.
Martinez, Eugenie; Herrera-Gomez, Alberto; Allain, Mickael; Renault, Olivier; Faure, Alain; Chabli, Amal; Bertin, Francois [CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France); CINVESTAV-Queretaro, Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Real de Juriquilla, Queretaro, 76000 (Mexico); CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France)
Optimizing Energy Management Strategy and Degree of Hybridization for a Hydrogen Fuel Cell SUV
Previous work examined degree of hybridization on the fuel economy of a hybrid electric sport utility vehicle. It was observed that not only was the vehicle control strategy important, but that its definition should be coupled with the component sizing process. Both degree of hybridization and the energy management strategy have been optimized simultaneously in this study. Simple mass scaling algorithms were employed to capture the effect of component and vehicle mass variations as a function of degree of hybridization. Additionally, the benefits of regenerative braking and power buffering have been maximized using optimization methods to determine appropriate battery pack sizing. Both local and global optimization routines were applied to improve the confidence in the solution being close to the true optimum. An optimal configuration and energy management strategy that maximizes the benefit of hybridization for a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid SUV was derived. The optimal configuration was explored, and sensitivity to drive cycle in the optimization process was studied.
Keith Wipke Tony; Tony Markel; Doug Nelson
Ultra-Wideband Time-of-Arrival and Angle-of-Arrival Estimation Using a Signal Model Based on Measurements
This paper presents an ultra wideband (UWB) channel sounding scheme with a technique for estimating time of arrival (TOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) using measurement signals. Since the power spectrum over the UWB bandwidth can be measured in advance, ... Keywords: Cram�r-Rao bound, multiple signal classification, radio channel measurement and estimation, ultra-wideband propagation
Naohiko Iwakiri; Takehiko Kobayashi
A study of the CKM angle gamma using the LHCb experiment and a distributed workload management system
.3.3.2 DIRAC Information Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3.3.4 The DIRAC Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 188.8.131.52 Agent workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 188.8.131.52 Pilot Agents... simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2.21 Cherenkov radiation angle with respect to momentum. . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.22 Schematic of a RICH HPD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2.23 A completed HPD module...
Li, Ying Ying
Radiative Impacts on the Growth of Drops within Simulated Marine Stratocumulus. Part II: Solar Zenith Angle Variations
The effects of solar heating at a variety of solar zenith angles (?o) on the vapor depositional growth of cloud drops, and hence the potential for collection enhancement, is investigated. A large eddy simulation (LES) model is used to predict the ...
Christopher M. Hartman; Jerry Y. Harrington
Measurements of the cross-phase angle between density and electron temperature fluctuations and comparison with gyrokinetic simulations
This paper presents new measurements of the cross-phase angle, ?neTe [alpha n subscript n subscript e T subscript e], between long-wavelength (k??s<0.5) [k subscript theta p subscript s < 0.5)] density, n~e [n cedilla ...
White, Anne E.
Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar Deployment at the ARM Southern Great Plains Site: Intercomparison of Cloud Property Retrievals
The Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL), a new instrument that measures cloud optical and geometrical properties by means of off-beam lidar returns, was deployed as part of a multi-instrument campaign to probe a cloud field at the Atmospheric ...
Igor N. Polonsky; Steven P. Love; Anthony B. Davis
Downslope Flows on a Low-Angle Slope and Their Interactions with Valley Inversions. Part I: Observations
Thermally driven downslope flows were investigated on a low-angle (1.6�) slope on the west side of the floor of Utah�s Salt Lake Valley below the Oquirrh Mountains using data from a line of four tethered balloons running down the topographic ...
C. David Whiteman; Shiyuan Zhong
Rotor Design for High Pressure Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
High pressure magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with a sample spinning rate exceeding 2.1 kHz and pressure greater than 165 bar has never been realized. In this work, a new sample cell design is reported, suitable for constructing cells of different sizes. Using a 7.5 mm high pressure MAS rotor as an example, internal pressure as high as 200 bar at a sample spinning rate of 6 kHz is achieved. The new high pressure MAS rotor is re-usable and compatible with most commercial NMR set-ups, exhibiting low 1H and 13C NMR background and offering maximal NMR sensitivity. As an example of its many possible applications, this new capability is applied to determine reaction products associated with the carbonation reaction of a natural mineral, antigorite ((Mg,Fe2+)3Si2O5(OH)4), in contact with liquid water in water-saturated supercritical CO2 (scCO2) at 150 bar and 50 ?C. This mineral is relevant to the deep geologic disposal of CO2, but its iron content results in too many sample spinning sidebands at low spinning rate. Hence, this chemical system is a good case study to demonstrate the utility of the higher sample spinning rates that can be achieved by our new rotor design. We expect this new capability will be useful for exploring solid-state, including interfacial, chemistry at new levels of high-pressure in a wide variety of fields.
Turcu, Romulus VF; Hoyt, David W.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Sears, Jesse A.; Loring, John S.; Felmy, Andrew R.; Hu, Jian Z.
Dielectric energy versus plasma energy, and Hamiltonian action-angle variables for the Vlasov equation
Expressions for the energy content of one-dimensional electrostatic perturbations about homogeneous equilibria are revisited. The well-known dielectric energy, {var epsilon}{sub D}, is compared with the exact plasma free energy expression, {delta}{sup 2}F, that is conserved by the Vlasov-Poisson system. The former is an expression in terms of the perturbed electric field amplitude, while the latter is determined by a generating function, which describes perturbations of the distribution function that respect the important constraint of dynamical accessibility of the system. Thus the comparison requires solving the Vlasov equation for such a perturbations of the distribution function in terms of the electric field. This is done for neutral modes of oscillation that occur for equilibria with stationary inflection points, and it is seen that for these special modes {delta}{sup 2}F = {var epsilon}{sub D}. In the case of unstable and corresponding damped modes it is seen that {delta}{sup 2}F {ne} {var epsilon}{sub D}; in fact {delta}{sup 2}F {equivalent to} 0. This failure of the dielectric energy expression persists even for arbitrarily small growth and damping rates since {var epsilon}{sub D} is nonzero in this limit, whereas {delta}{sup 2}F remains zero. The connection between the new exact energy expression and the at-best approximate {var epsilon}{sub D} is described. The new expression motivates natural definitions of Hamiltonian action variables and signature. A general linear integral transform is introduced that maps the linear version of the noncanonical Hamiltonian structure, which describes the Vlasov equation, to action-angle (diagonal) form.
Morrison, P.J. (Texas Univ., Austin, TX (United States). Inst. for Fusion Studies); Pfirsch, D. (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Garching (Germany))
Expressions for the energy content of one-dimensional electrostatic perturbations about homogeneous equilibria are revisited. The well-known dielectric energy, {var_epsilon}{sub D}, is compared with the exact plasma free energy expression, {delta}{sup 2}F, that is conserved by the Vlasov-Poisson system. The former is an expression in terms of the perturbed electric field amplitude, while the latter is determined by a generating function, which describes perturbations of the distribution function that respect the important constraint of dynamical accessibility of the system. Thus the comparison requires solving the Vlasov equation for such a perturbations of the distribution function in terms of the electric field. This is done for neutral modes of oscillation that occur for equilibria with stationary inflection points, and it is seen that for these special modes {delta}{sup 2}F = {var_epsilon}{sub D}. In the case of unstable and corresponding damped modes it is seen that {delta}{sup 2}F {ne} {var_epsilon}{sub D}; in fact {delta}{sup 2}F {equivalent_to} 0. This failure of the dielectric energy expression persists even for arbitrarily small growth and damping rates since {var_epsilon}{sub D} is nonzero in this limit, whereas {delta}{sup 2}F remains zero. The connection between the new exact energy expression and the at-best approximate {var_epsilon}{sub D} is described. The new expression motivates natural definitions of Hamiltonian action variables and signature. A general linear integral transform is introduced that maps the linear version of the noncanonical Hamiltonian structure, which describes the Vlasov equation, to action-angle (diagonal) form.
Morrison, P.J. [Texas Univ., Austin, TX (United States). Inst. for Fusion Studies; Pfirsch, D. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Garching (Germany)
Initial characterization of mudstone nanoporosity with small angle neutron scattering using caprocks from carbon sequestration sites.
Geological carbon sequestration relies on the principle that CO{sub 2} injected deep into the subsurface is unable to leak to the atmosphere. Structural trapping by a relatively impermeable caprock (often mudstone such as a shale) is the main trapping mechanism that is currently relied on for the first hundreds of years. Many of the pores of the caprock are of micrometer to nanometer scale. However, the distribution, geometry and volume of porosity at these scales are poorly characterized. Differences in pore shape and size can cause variation in capillary properties and fluid transport resulting in fluid pathways with different capillary entry pressures in the same sample. Prediction of pore network properties for distinct geologic environments would result in significant advancement in our ability to model subsurface fluid flow. Specifically, prediction of fluid flow through caprocks of geologic CO{sub 2} sequestration reservoirs is a critical step in evaluating the risk of leakage to overlying aquifers. The micro- and nanoporosity was analyzed in four mudstones using small angle neutron scattering (SANS). These mudstones are caprocks of formations that are currently under study or being used for carbon sequestration projects and include the Marine Tuscaloosa Group, the Lower Tuscaloosa Group, the upper and lower shale members of the Kirtland Formation, and the Pennsylvanian Gothic shale. Total organic carbon varies from shale and Kirtland Formation, respectively. Neutrons effectively scatter from interfaces between materials with differing scattering length density (i.e. minerals and pores). The intensity of scattered neutrons, I(Q), where Q is the scattering vector, gives information about the volume of pores and their arrangement in the sample. The slope of the scattering data when plotted as log I(Q) vs. log Q provides information about the fractality or geometry of the pore network. Results from this study, combined with high-resolution TEM imaging, provide insight into the differences in volume and geometry of porosity between these various mudstones.
McCray, John (Colorado School of Mines); Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis (Colorado School of Mines); Mouzakis, Katherine (Colorado School of Mines); Heath, Jason E.; Dewers, Thomas A.; Rother, Gernot (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
Incidence angle modifiers in cylindrical solar collector design. Final report, June 1996--May 1997
This thesis presents an analysis of the thermal performance of cylindrical solar collectors. A major contributor to performance is optics, the principle focus of this work. A tool used to compute the incidence angle modifiers (IAM`s) for cylindrical solar collectors is presented. The Monte Carlo Method is employed in a Fortran 90 computer code to compute the hemispheric IAM`s of cylindrical solar collectors. Using concentric cylinders, the tubes are modeled with and without back plane reflectors of varying size. The computed IAM`s are verified both analytically and experimentally. Outdoor experiments on an array of cylindrical tubes with various back planes and two different tube spacings are described. Agreement with TRNSYS runs in daily energy gain is excellent. Over the 38 data sets, taken on different days, a maximum error of 11.2% is observed, with an average error of 3%. Heat loss tests, used to calculate an overall heat loss coefficient for the collector, are also described. A parametric variation study is used to illustrate the effect of varying many of the collector parameters. This study provides insight into the significant design parameters for cylindrical solar collectors. This insight is used to analyze the effect of these design parameters on the annual energy delivered by the collector. In addition, a simple cost analysis illustrates the benefits of varying the design parameters. The use of this new program and a detailed Life Cycle Cost analysis are the tools needed for optimizing the design of a cylindrical solar collector. 27 figs., 9 tabs.
Ryan, J.P.
The greedy algorithm for domination in graphs of maximum degree 3
We show that for a connected graph with n nodes and e edges and maximum degree at most 3, the size of the dominating set found by the greedy algorithm is at most 10n - 2e/13 if e ? 11/10n, 11n - ... Keywords: algorithms, dominating set, maximum size
Suzanne M. Seager
Absence of Zeros for the Chromatic Polynomial on Bounded Degree Graphs
In this paper, I give a short proof of a recent result by Sokal, showing that all zeros of the chromatic polynomial $P_G(q)$ of a finite graph $G$ of maximal degree $D$ lie in the disk $|q|< K D$, where $K$ is a constant that is strictly smaller than ...
Christian Borgs
The Curriculum Planning Process for Undergraduate Game Degree Programs in the United Kingdom and United States
Digital games are marketed, mass-produced, and consumed by an increasing number of people and the game industry is only expected to grow. In response, postsecondary institutions in the UK and the U.S. have started to create game degree programs. Though ... Keywords: Education, curriculum, game, instruction
Monica M. McGill
Work integrated learning rationale and practices in Australian information and communications technology degrees
To obtain a better understanding of WIL rationale and practices in Australian ICT degrees, a survey of managers and educational leaders of ICT was undertaken. These survey results were analysed and informed by discussions at a forum of ICT educational ... Keywords: academia, industry, professional practice, student experience, work integrated learning
Chris J Pilgrim, Tony Koppi
PROCESS DESIGN AND CONTROL Steady-State Operational Degrees of Freedom with Application to Refrigeration
PROCESS DESIGN AND CONTROL Steady-State Operational Degrees of Freedom with Application to Refrigeration Cycles Jørgen Bauck Jensen and Sigurd Skogestad* Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian Uni of the circulating refrigerant are also discussed. Two liquified natural gas (LNG) processes of current interest
Skogestad, Sigurd
Study in Indonesia... and gain credit towards your degree! JournalismProfessionalPracticum
Study in Indonesia... and gain credit towards your degree! JournalismProfessionalPracticum inIndonesia will deep- en their understanding of Indonesia whilst developing their journalism skills within will be a high-calibre journalist who has experience with different elements of the media in both Indonesia
Study in Indonesia and gain credit towards your degree! InternationalRelationsinIndonesia
Study in Indonesia and gain credit towards your degree! InternationalRelationsinIndonesia, Europe and the United States as well as Indonesia, are highly qualified and ex- perienced as both the Australia Indonesia Institute, the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, the Myer
Study in Indonesia and gain credit towards your degree! DevelopmentStudiesImmersionProgram ACICIS
Study in Indonesia and gain credit towards your degree! DevelopmentStudiesImmersionProgram ACICIS an internship in Indonesia! © Photograph by James Walsh #12;w w w . a c i c i s . m u r d o c h . e d u . a u development issues in Indonesia while also gaining im- portant practical skills related to advocacy
The CompuTer SCienCe program The bachelor of science degree in computer science
The CompuTer SCienCe program The bachelor of science degree in computer science offered in the fundamentals of computer science, elements of practical application and an appreciation for liberal learning to work within various areas of computer science and to work across other disciplines. program edu
Suzuki, Masatsugu
Photo of the Week: What You Needed to Contain 100 Million Degree Plasma for
Photo of the Week: What You Needed to Contain 100 Million Degree Photo of the Week: What You Needed to Contain 100 Million Degree Plasma for 100 Millionths of a Second... in 1974 Photo of the Week: What You Needed to Contain 100 Million Degree Plasma for 100 Millionths of a Second... in 1974 April 22, 2013 - 4:59pm Addthis In the early years of magnetic fusion, there was talk among scientists of controlling nuclear energy to create useful power. To do this, scientists heated plasma to temperatures as high as 100 million degrees Celsius -- ten times hotter than the center of the sun. Controlling such high levels of energy required the construction of large machines that could withstand these extremely high energy levels. In this 1974 photo, laboratory scientists are shown working on Scyllac, one of the largest machines used for magnetic fusion experiments, located at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Scyllac filled a 100-by-100-foot building from wall to wall, and used 12 miles of one-inch cables and 3,000 capacitors to contain hot plasma the size of a small garden hose for just 100 millionths of a second. Learn more about early magnetic fusion experiments at LANL. | Photo courtesy of Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Heating Degree Days, by State (Weighted by Population, per 2000 Census) |
66 66 Varnish cache server Browse Upload data GDR 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load) Guru Meditation: XID: 2142278566 Varnish cache server Heating Degree Days, by State (Weighted by Population, per 2000 Census) Dataset Summary Description The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services (NESDIS), in conjunction with the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) publish monthly and annual climate data by state for the U.S., including, heating degree days (total number of days per month and per year). The average values for each state are weighted by population, using 2000 Census data. The base temperature for this dataset is 65 degrees F. Included here are monthly and annual values averaged over several periods of time: 1931-2000, 1931-60, 1941-70, 1951-80, 1961-90, 1971-2000 (standard deviation is also provided). Detailed monthly climatic information (including heating degree days) is available for the time period between 1895 and 2011, from NOAA (http://www7.ncdc.noaa.gov/CDO/CDODivisionalSelect.jsp#).
Low energy positron diffraction from Cu(111): Importance of surface loss processes at large angles of incidence
Intensities of positrons specularly diffracted from Cu(111) were measured at the Brandeis positron beam facility and analyzed in the energy range 8eV40{degree}. 30 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Lessor, D.L. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA)); Duke, C.B. (Xerox Corp., Webster, NY (USA). Webster Research Center); Lippel, P.H.; Brandes, G.R.; Canter, K.F.; Horsky, T.N. (Brandeis Univ., Waltham, MA (USA). Dept. of Physics)
Sulfur and nitrogen oxides emitted to the atmosphere have been linked to the acidification of water bodies and soils and perturbations in the earth's radiation balance. In order to model the global transport and transformation of SO{sub x} and NO{sub x}, detailed spatial and temporal emission inventories are required. Benkovitz et al. (1996) published the development of an inventory of 1985 global emissions of SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} from anthropogenic sources. The inventory was gridded to a 1{degree} x 1{degree} latitude-longitude grid and has served as input to several global modeling studies. There is now a need to provide modelers with an update of this inventory to a more recent year, with a split of the emissions into elevated and low level sources. This paper describes the development of a 1990 update of the SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} global inventories that also includes a breakdown of sources into 17 sector groups. The inventory development starts with a gridded global default EDGAR inventory (Olivier et al, 1996). In countries where more detailed national inventories are available, these are used to replace the emissions for those countries in the global default. The gridded emissions are distributed into two height levels (0-100m and >100m) based on the final plume heights that are estimated to be typical for the various sectors considered. The sources of data as well as some of the methodologies employed to compile and develop the 1990 global inventory for SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} are discussed. The results reported should be considered to be interim since the work is still in progress and additional data sets are expected to become available.
Rattlesnake Mountain Observator (46.4{degrees}N, 119.6{degrees}W) multispectral optical depth measurements, 1979--1994
Surface measurements of solar irradiance of the atmosphere were made by a multipurpose computer-controlled scanning photometer at the Rattlesnake Mountain Observatory. The observatory is located at 46.4{degrees}N, 119.6{degrees}W at an elevation of 1088 m above mean sea level. The photometer measures the attenuation of direct solar radiation for different wavelengths using 12 filters. Five of these filters (ie., at 428 nm, 486 nm, 535 nm, 785 nm, and 1010 nm, with respective half-power widths of 2, 2, 3, 18, and 28 nm) are suitable for monitoring variations in the total optical depth of the atmosphere. Total optical depths for the five wavelength bands were derived from solar irradiance measurements taken at the observatory from August 5, 1979, to September 2, 1994; these total optical depth data are distributed with this numeric data package (NDP). To determine the contribution of atmospheric aerosols to the total optical depths, the effects of Rayleigh scattering and ozone absorption were subtracted (other molecular scattering was minimal for the five filters) to obtain total column aerosol optical depths. The total aerosol optical depths were further decomposed into tropospheric and stratospheric components by calculating a robustly smoothed mean background optical depth (tropospheric component) for each wavelength using data obtained during periods of low stratospheric aerosol loading. By subtracting the smoothed background tropospheric aerosol optical depths from the total aerosol optical depths, residual aerosol optical depths were obtained. These residuals are good estimates of the stratospheric aerosol optical depth at each wavelength and may be used to monitor the long-term effects of volcanic eruptions on the atmosphere. These data are available as an NDP from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), and the NDP consists of this document and a set of computerized data files.
Daniels, R.C. [ed.] [ed.
The effect of the shape function on small-angle scattering analysis by the maximum entropy method
Analysis of small-angle scattering data to obtain a particle size distribution is dependent upon the shape function used to model the scattering. Using a maximum entropy analysis of small-angle scattering data, the effect of shape function selection on obtained size distribution is demonstrated using three different shape functions to describe the same scattering data from each of two steels. The alloys have been revealed by electron microscopy to contain a distribution of randomly oriented and mainly non-interacting, irregular, ellipsoidal precipitates. Comparison is made between the different forms of the shape function. Effect of an incident wavelength distribution is also shown. The importance of testing appropriate shape functions and validating these against other microstructural studies is discussed.
Jemian, P.R. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Allen, A.J. [Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Department of Physics]|[National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
B Decay and CP Violation: CKM Angles and Sides at the BABAR and BELLE B-Factories
A remarkable success has been achieved by the B-Factories, going beyond expectation in some field, like the measurement of {gamma}. BABAR has now finished its data taking, leaving BELLE alone in the 'race', but still many analyses are going on. The CKM UT is constrained by both measurements of CP-conserving and CP-violating quantities, leading to a picture of the CKM sector consistent with the SM. Measurements of semi-leptonic decays benefit from improving experimental techniques and more precise theoretical computations. The angle {beta} is a precision measurement, reaching accuracy of SM calculation. The angle {alpha} will ultimatly be limited by penguin pollution. The measurement of {gamma} is reaching the 13{sup o} precision.
Verderi, Marc; /Ecole Polytechnique
The Golden Ratio Prediction for the Solar Angle from a Natural Model with A5 Flavour Symmetry
We formulate a consistent model predicting, in the leading order approximation, maximal atmospheric mixing angle, vanishing reactor angle and tan {\\theta}_12 = 1/{\\phi} where {\\phi} is the Golden Ratio. The model is based on the flavour symmetry A5 \\tiems Z5 \\times Z3, spontaneously broken by a set of flavon fields. By minimizing the scalar potential of the theory up to the next-to-leading order in the symmetry breaking parameter, we demonstrate that this mixing pattern is naturally achieved in a finite portion of the parameter space, through the vacuum alignment of the flavon fields. The leading order approximation is stable against higher-order corrections. We also compare our construction to other models based on discrete symmetry groups.
Feruglio, Ferruccio
We formulate a consistent model predicting, in the leading order approximation, maximal atmospheric mixing angle, vanishing reactor angle and tan {\\theta}_12 = 1/{\\phi} where {\\phi} is the Golden Ratio. The model is based on the flavour symmetry A5 \\times Z5 \\times Z3, spontaneously broken by a set of flavon fields. By minimizing the scalar potential of the theory up to the next-to-leading order in the symmetry breaking parameter, we demonstrate that this mixing pattern is naturally achieved in a finite portion of the parameter space, through the vacuum alignment of the flavon fields. The leading order approximation is stable against higher-order corrections. We also compare our construction to other models based on discrete symmetry groups.
Ferruccio Feruglio; Alessio Paris
Effect of variation of angle of inclination on the performance of low-concentration-ratio compound parabolic concentrating solar collectors
Thermal heat transfer in line-axis, symmetric, compound parabolic concentrating solar energy collectors (CPCs) has been investigated and a theoretical numerical model has been developed. The model allows the effect of the angle of axial inclination of an east-west aligned CPC and hence the effect of the latitudinal and tracking configuration of the CPC system on performance to be determined. The internal and external convective heat transfer correlations employed are angular dependent. The variation of convective, radiative, conductive and overall heat transfer coefficients and system efficiency for a range of angular inclinations, concentration ratios, total insolations and beam to diffuse insolation factors are presented graphically. The results demonstrate that there is a 10% variation in convective heat transfer with angle of inclination for low concentration CPCs (i.e. C=1.5). 13 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.
A.F. Kothdiwala; Norton, B.; Eames, P.C. [Univ. of Ulster, Antrim (United Kingdom)
Solar and Moon Position Algorithm (SAMPA)
This algorithm calculates the solar and lunar zenith and azimuth angles in the period from the year -2000 to 6000, with uncertainties of +/- 0.0003 ...
A Novel Current Angle Control Scheme in a Current Source Inverter Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive for Automotive Applications
This paper describes a novel speed control scheme to operate a current source inverter (CSI) driven surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applications. The idea is to use the angle of the current vector to regulate the rotor speed while keeping the two dc-dc converter power switches on all the time to boost system efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme was verified with a 3 kW CSI-SPMSM drive prototype.
Tang, Lixin [ORNL; Su, Gui-Jia [ORNL
Measurements of CKM angles beta/phi_1 and alpha/phi_2 at the Babar and Belle experiments.
We report measurements of the CKM angles {beta}/{phi}{sub 1} and {alpha}/{phi}{sub 2} done by the BABAR and Belle experiments. Both experiments have collected large data samples, corresponding to a total of more than 1 billion of B{bar B} pairs, at the e{sup +}e{sup -} asymmetric-energy colliders PEP-II (SLAC) and KEK-B (KEK), respectively.
Lazzaro, A.; /Milan U. /INFN, Milan
Magnetic field pitch-angle measurments in the PBX-M tokamak using the motional Stark effect
Polarimetry measurements of the Doppler-shifted H{sub {alpha}} emission from a neutral hydrogen beam on the PBX-M tokamak have been employed in a novel technique for obtaining {ital q}({ital r}) and magnetic field pitch-angle profiles using the Stark effect. The resulting {ital q}({ital r}) profile is very broad and its central value, {ital q}(0), is significantly below 1, which has important implications for theoretical models of sawteeth.
Levinton, F.M. (JAYCOR, Plasma Technology Division, 3547 Voyager Street, Torrance, California 90503 (USA)); Fonck, R.J.; Gammel, G.M.; Kaita, R.; Kugel, H.W.; Powell, E.T.; Roberts, D.W. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543 (USA))
The reactor mixing angle and CP violation with two texture zeros in the light of T2K
We reconsider the phenomenological implications of two texture zeros in symmetric neutrino mass matrices in the light of the recent T2K result for the reactor angle and the new global analysis which gives also best fit values for the Dirac CP phase delta. The most important results of the analysis are: Among the viable cases classified by Frampton et al. only A1 and A2 predict the reactor mixing angle to be different from zero at 3 sigma. Furthermore these two cases are compatible only with a normal mass spectrum in the allowed region for the reactor angle. At the best fit value A1 and A2 predict 0.024 >= sin^2(theta13) >= 0.012 and 0.014 <= sin^2(theta13) <= 0.032, respectively, where the bounds on the right and the left correspond to cos(delta)=-1 and cos(delta)=1, respectively. The cases B1, B2, B3 and B4 predict nearly maximal CP violation, i.e. cos(delta) is approximately zero.
P. O. Ludl; S. Morisi; E. Peinado
Optimal Constant-Time Approximation Algorithms and (Unconditional) Inapproximability Results for Every Bounded-Degree CSP
Raghavendra (STOC 2008) gave an elegant and surprising result: if Khot's Unique Games Conjecture (STOC 2002) is true, then for every constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), the best approximation ratio is attained by a certain simple semidefinite programming and a rounding scheme for it. In this paper, we show that a similar result holds for constant-time approximation algorithms in the bounded-degree model. Specifically, we present the followings: (i) For every CSP, we construct an oracle that serves an access, in constant time, to a nearly optimal solution of a basic LP relaxation of the CSP. (ii) Using the oracle, we present a constant-time rounding scheme that achieves an approximation ratio coincident with the integrality gap of the basic LP. (iii) We give a generic conversion from integrality gaps of basic LPs to hardness results. All of those results are ``unconditional.'' Therefore, for every bounded-degree CSP, we give the best constant-time approximation algorithm among all.
Yoshida, Yuichi
Lattice polytopes having h?-polynomials with given degree and linear coefficient
The h?-polynomial of a lattice polytope is the numerator of the generating function of the Ehrhart polynomial. Let P be a lattice polytope with h?-polynomial of degree d and with linear coefficient h ? 1. We show that P has to be a lattice pyramid over a lower-dimensional lattice polytope, if the dimension of P is greater or equal to h ? 1 (2d + 1) + 4d ? 1. This result has a purely combinatorial proof and generalizes a recent theorem of Batyrev. As an application we deduce from an inequality due to Stanley that the volume of a lattice polytope is bounded by a function depending only on the degree and the two heighest non-zero coefficients of the h?-polynomial.
Benjamin Nill
Wind: monthly and annual average wind GIS data at one-degree resolution of
monthly and annual average wind GIS data at one-degree resolution of monthly and annual average wind GIS data at one-degree resolution of the World from NASA/SSE Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Wind Speed At 50 m Above The Surface Of The Earth (m/s)NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) Release 5 Data Set (Jan. 2005)10-year Monthly & Annual Average (July 1983 - June 1993) Parameter: Wind Speed At 50 m Above The Surface Of The Earth (m/s) Internet: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/ Note: SSE Methodology & Accuracy sections online Created: October 4, 2005 See the NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) web site at http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/. The source data was downloaded from the SSE website at Data Retrieval: Meteorology and Solar Energy > Global data sets as text files. The tabular data was then converted to the shapefile format.
{100} or 45.degree.-rotated {100}, semiconductor-based, large-area, flexible, electronic devices
Novel articles and methods to fabricate the same resulting in flexible, {100} or 45.degree.-rotated {100} oriented, semiconductor-based, electronic devices are disclosed. Potential applications of resulting articles are in areas of photovoltaic devices, flat-panel displays, thermophotovoltaic devices, ferroelectric devices, light emitting diode devices, computer hard disc drive devices, magnetoresistance based devices, photoluminescence based devices, non-volatile memory devices, dielectric devices, thermoelectric devices and quantum dot laser devices.
Goyal, Amit (Knoxville, TN)
Cosmological dynamics of $f(R)$ gravity scalar degree of freedom in Einstein frame
$f(R)$ gravity models belong to an important class of modified gravity models where the late time cosmic accelerated expansion is considered as the manifestation of the large scale modification of the force of gravity. $f(R)$ gravity models can be expressed in terms of a scalar degree of freedom by redefinition of models variable. The conformal transformation of the action from Jordan frame to Einstein frame makes the scalar degree of freedom more explicit and can be studied conveniently. We have investigated the features of the scalar degree of freedoms and the consequent cosmological implications of the power-law ($\\xi R^n$) and the Starobinsky (disappearing cosmological constant) $f(R)$ gravity models numerically in the Einstein frame. Both the models show interesting behaviour of their scalar degree of freedom and could produce the accelerated expansion of the Universe in the Einstein frame with the negative equation of state of the scalar field. However the scalar field potential for the power-law model is the well behaved function of the field, whereas the potential becomes flat for higher value of field in the case of the Starobinsky model. Moreover, the equation of state of the scalar field for the power-law model is always negative and less than -1/3, which corresponds to the behaviour of the dark energy that produces the accelerated expansion of the Universe. This is not always the case for the Starobinsky model. At late times Starobinsky model behaves as cosmological constant $\\Lambda$ as behaves by power-law model for the values of $n\\rightarrow 2$ at all times.
Umananda Dev Goswami; Kabita Deka
Commissioning the 90 Degree Lattice for the PEP II High Energy Ring
In order to benefit from further reduction of the vertical IP beta function of the PEP-II high energy ring (HER) the bunch length should be reduced. This will be achieved by changing the phase advance from 60 degree to 90 degree in the four arcs not adjacent to the IR region, thus reducing momentum compaction by about 30% and reducing bunch length from a present 12 mm down to 8.5 mm at low beam current. In preparation to implement the 90 degree lattice the main HER quadrupole and sextupole strings and their power supplies have been reconfigured. The synchrotron tune initially will be lower but can be brought back by raising the rf voltage. Beam emittance is held at 48 nmr by introducing a significant dispersion beat in the arcs. The lattice was successfully commissioned at currents up to 800 mA in August 2007. In this paper we will compare the actual machine with the predicted behaviour, explain the correction strategies used and give an overall assessment of the operation and the benefit of the new lattice configuration.
Wittmer, W.; Cai, Y.; Cheng, W.X.; Colocho, W.S.; Decker, F.J.; Ecklund, S.; Fisher, A.S.; Nosochkov, Y.; Novokhatski, A.; Sullivan, M.K.; Wienands, U.; Yan, Y.T.; Yocky, G.; /SLAC
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Information for potential graduate applicants who do not have a degree in Chemical
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Information for potential graduate applicants who do not have a degree in Chemical Engineering The department of chemical and biological engineering frequently admits applicants who have a bachelor's degree in a field other than chemical engineering. Many
B.S. in Chemical Science The Chemical Science degree is designed for students who plan programs in fields
B.S. in Chemical Science The Chemical Science degree is designed for students who plan programs, and Geology. In addition, Chemical Science can be a valuable major for those interested in business and law. This degree is not intended as a chemical preparation for people who wish to do work directly in Chemistry
Weston, Ken
Alloys for 1000 degree C service in the Next Generation Nuclear Plant NERI 05-0191
The objective of the proposed research is to define strategies for the improvement of alloys for structural components, such as the intermediate heat exchanger and primary-to-secondary piping, for service at 1000 degree C in the He environment of the NGNP. Specifically, we will investigate the oxidation/carburization behavior and microstructure stability and how these processes affect creep. While generating this data, the project will also develop a fundamental understanding of how impurities in the He environment affect these degradation processes and how this understanding can be used to develop more useful life prediction methodologies.
Gary S. Was; J.W. Jones; T. Pollock
Longitudinal permeability of collisional plasmas under arbitrary degree of degeneration of electron gas
Electric conductivity and dielectric permeability of the non-degenerate electronic gas for the collisional plasmas under arbitrary degree of degeneration of electron gas is found. The kinetic equation of Wigner - Vlasov - Boltzmann with collision integral in relaxation form BGK (Bhatnagar, Gross and Krook) in coordinate space is used. Dielectric permeability with using of the relaxation equation in the momentum space has been received by Mermin. Comparison with Mermin's formula has been realized. It is shown, that in the limit when Planck's constant tends to zero expression for dielectric permeability passes in the classical.
A. V. Latyshev; A. A. Yushkanov
Solar abundances and helioseismology: fine structure spacings and separation ratios of low-degree p modes
We have used 4752 days of data collected by the Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON) to determine very precise oscillation frequencies of acoustic low-degree modes that probe the solar core. We compare the fine (small frequency) spacings and frequency separation ratios formed from these data with those of different solar models. We find that models constructed with low metallicity are incompatible with the observations. The results provide strong support for lowering the theoretical uncertainties on the neutrino fluxes. These uncertainties had recently been raised due to the controversy over the solar abundances.
Sarbani Basu; William J. Chaplin; Yvonne Elsworth; Roger New; Aldo M. Serenelli; Graham A. Verner
Developments in the Nuclear Safeguards and Security Engineering Degree Program at Tomsk Polytechnic University
Over the last six years, Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU) has developed a 5� year engineering degree program in the field of Material Protection Control and Accounting (MPC&A). In 2009 the first students graduated with this new degree. There were 25 job offers from nuclear fuel cycle enterprises of Russia and Kazakhstan for 17 graduates of the program. Due to the rather wide selection of workplaces, all graduates have obtained positions at nuclear enterprises. The program was developed within the Applied Physics and Engineering Department (APED). The laboratory and methodological base has been created taking into consideration the experience of the similar program at the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI). However, the TPU program has some distinguishing features such as the inclusion of special courses pertaining to fuel enrichment and reprocessing. During the last two years, three MPC&A laboratories have been established at APED. This was made possible due to several factors such as establishment of the State innovative educational program at TPU, assistance of the U.S. Department of Energy through Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the financial support of the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority and some Russian private companies. All three of the MPC&A laboratories are part of the Innovative Educational Center �Nuclear Technologies and Non-Proliferation,� which deals with many topics including research activities, development of new curricula for experts training and retraining, and training of master�s students. In 2008, TPU developed a relationship with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which was familiarized with APED�s current resources and activities. The IAEA has shown interest in creation of a master�s degree educational program in the field of nuclear security at TPU. A future objective is to acquaint nuclear fuel cycle enterprises with new APED capabilities and involve the enterprises in the scientific and educational projects implemented through the Nuclear Technologies and Non-Proliferation Center. This paper describes the development of the MPC&A engineering degree program and future goals of TPU in the field of nonproliferation education.
Boiko, Vladimir I.; Demyanyuk, Dmitry G.; Silaev, Maxim E.; Duncan, Cristen L.; Heinberg, Cynthia L.; Killinger, Mark H.; Goodey, Kent O.; Butler, Gilbert W.
Trends in Heating and Cooling Degree Days: Implications for Energy Demand Issues
Reports and Publications (EIA)
Weather-related energy use, in the form of heating, cooling, and ventilation, accounted for more than 40 percent of all delivered energy use in residential and commercial buildings in 2006. Given the relatively large amount of energy affected by ambient temperature in the buildings sector, EIA has reevaluated what it considers normal weather for purposes of projecting future energy use for heating, cooling, and ventilation. In AEO2008, estimates of normal heating and cooling degree-days are based on the population-weighted average for the 10-year period from 1997 through 2006.
Trends in Heating and Cooling Degree Days: Implications for Energy Demand Issues (released in AEO2008)
Information Center
The effect of water vapor on the corrosion of carbon steel at 65{degree}C
AISI 1020 carbon steel was exposed to air at various relative humidities at 65{degrees}C. A ``critical relative humidity`` (CRH) of 75--85% was determined. The CRH is the transitional relative humidity where oxidation/corrosion changes from dry oxidation to aqueous film electrochemical corrosion. Short term testing suggests that aqueous film electrochemical corrosion results in the formation of an inner oxide of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}, and an outer oxide of a powdery Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and/or Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}{center_dot}xH{sub 2}O.
Gdowski, G.E.; Estill, J.C.
Gaguk Zakaria received his Stratum One (Bachelor of Science) degree in Electrical Engineering in 1985 from Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia, and his
Engineering in 1985 from Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia, and his Master of Science degree
Beex, A. A. "Louis"
Conflict between the identification of a cosmic neutrino source and the sensitivity to mixing angles in a neutrino telescope
Neutrino fluxes at telescopes depend on both initial fluxes out of astronomical bursts and flavor mixing during their travel to the Earth. However, since the information on the initial composition requires better precision in mixing angles and vice versa, neutrino detection at telescopes cannot provide solutions to both problems by itself. Thus, a probability to be measured at long-baseline oscillation is considered as a complement to the telescope, and problems like source identification and parameter degeneracy are examined under a few assumptions.
Hwang, Ggyoung-Riun; Siyeon, Kim [Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756 (Korea, Republic of)
This document describes the design of the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment. Recent discoveries in neutrino physics have shown that the Standard Model of particle physics is incomplete. The observation of neutrino oscillations has unequivocally demonstrated that the masses of neutrinos are nonzero. The smallness of the neutrino masses (<2 eV) and the two surprisingly large mixing angles measured have thus far provided important clues and constraints to extensions of the Standard Model. The third mixing angle, {delta}{sub 13}, is small and has not yet been determined; the current experimental bound is sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} < 0.17 at 90% confidence level (from Chooz) for {Delta}m{sub 31}{sup 2} = 2.5 x 10{sup -3} eV{sup 2}. It is important to measure this angle to provide further insight on how to extend the Standard Model. A precision measurement of sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} using nuclear reactors has been recommended by the 2004 APS Multi-divisional Study on the Future of Neutrino Physics as well as a recent Neutrino Scientific Assessment Group (NUSAG) report. We propose to perform a precision measurement of this mixing angle by searching for the disappearance of electron antineutrinos from the nuclear reactor complex in Daya Bay, China. A reactor-based determination of sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} will be vital in resolving the neutrino-mass hierarchy and future measurements of CP violation in the lepton sector because this technique cleanly separates {theta}{sub 13} from CP violation and effects of neutrino propagation in the earth. A reactor-based determination of sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} will provide important, complementary information to that from long-baseline, accelerator-based experiments. The goal of the Daya Bay experiment is to reach a sensitivity of 0.01 or better in sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} at 90% confidence level.
iCycle: Integrated, multicriterial beam angle, and profile optimization for generation of coplanar and noncoplanar IMRT plans
Purpose: To introduce iCycle, a novel algorithm for integrated, multicriterial optimization of beam angles, and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) profiles. Methods: A multicriterial plan optimization with iCycle is based on a prescription called wish-list, containing hard constraints and objectives with ascribed priorities. Priorities are ordinal parameters used for relative importance ranking of the objectives. The higher an objective priority is, the higher the probability that the corresponding objective will be met. Beam directions are selected from an input set of candidate directions. Input sets can be restricted, e.g., to allow only generation of coplanar plans, or to avoid collisions between patient/couch and the gantry in a noncoplanar setup. Obtaining clinically feasible calculation times was an important design criterium for development of iCycle. This could be realized by sequentially adding beams to the treatment plan in an iterative procedure. Each iteration loop starts with selection of the optimal direction to be added. Then, a Pareto-optimal IMRT plan is generated for the (fixed) beam setup that includes all so far selected directions, using a previously published algorithm for multicriterial optimization of fluence profiles for a fixed beam arrangement Breedveld et al.[Phys. Med. Biol. 54, 7199-7209 (2009)]. To select the next direction, each not yet selected candidate direction is temporarily added to the plan and an optimization problem, derived from the Lagrangian obtained from the just performed optimization for establishing the Pareto-optimal plan, is solved. For each patient, a single one-beam, two-beam, three-beam, etc. Pareto-optimal plan is generated until addition of beams does no longer result in significant plan quality improvement. Plan generation with iCycle is fully automated. Results: Performance and characteristics of iCycle are demonstrated by generating plans for a maxillary sinus case, a cervical cancer patient, and a liver patient treated with SBRT. Plans generated with beam angle optimization did better meet the clinical goals than equiangular or manually selected configurations. For the maxillary sinus and liver cases, significant improvements for noncoplanar setups were seen. The cervix case showed that also in IMRT with coplanar setups, beam angle optimization with iCycle may improve plan quality. Computation times for coplanar plans were around 1-2 h and for noncoplanar plans 4-7 h, depending on the number of beams and the complexity of the site. Conclusions: Integrated beam angle and profile optimization with iCycle may result in significant improvements in treatment plan quality. Due to automation, the plan generation workload is minimal. Clinical application has started.
Breedveld, Sebastiaan; Storchi, Pascal R. M.; Voet, Peter W. J.; Heijmen, Ben J. M. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam (Netherlands)
A Liquid Hydrogen Target for Precision Measurement of the Weak Mixing Angle in Moller Scattering at SLAC
A 150 cm long liquid hydrogen target has been built for the SLAC End Station A E158 experiment. The target loop volume is 55 liters, and the maximum target heat load deposited by the electron beam is {approx} 700 W. The liquid hydrogen density fluctuation with full beam current (120 Hz repetition rate, 6 x 10{sup 11} electrons/spill) on target is well below 10{sup -4} level, which fulfills the requirement for a precision measurement of the weak mixing angle in the polarized electron-electron scattering process.
Weisend, John G
Transmission of Solar Radiation by Clouds over Snow and Ice Surfaces: A Parameterization in Terms of Optical Depth, Solar Zenith Angle, and Surface Albedo
A multilevel spectral radiative transfer model is used to develop simple but accurate parameterizations for cloud transmittance as a function of cloud optical depth, solar zenith angle, and surface albedo, for use over snow, ice, and water ...
Melanie F. Fitzpatrick; Richard E. Brandt; Stephen G. Warren
A Single-Channel, Double-Viewing Angle Method for Sea Surface Temperature Determination from Coincident METEOSAT and TIROS-N Radiometric Measurements
An experimental simulation of a single-channel, double-angle viewing technique for the determination of sea surface temperature from satellite is presented. This method relies upon the fact that the same area can be viewed simultaneously at two ...
A. Chedin; N. A. Scott; A. Berroir
Fast Lidar and Radar Multiple-Scattering Models. Part II: Wide-Angle Scattering Using the Time-Dependent Two-Stream Approximation
Spaceborne lidar returns from liquid water clouds contain significant contributions from photons that have experienced many wide-angle multiple-scattering events, resulting in returns appearing to originate from far beyond the end of the cloud. A ...
Robin J. Hogan; Alessandro Battaglia
Image system for three dimensional, 360 DEGREE, time sequence surface mapping of moving objects
A three-dimensional motion camera system comprises a light projector placed between two synchronous video cameras all focused on an object-of-interest. The light projector shines a sharp pattern of vertical lines (Ronchi ruling) on the object-of-interest that appear to be bent differently to each camera by virtue of the surface shape of the object-of-interest and the relative geometry of the cameras, light projector and object-of-interest Each video frame is captured in a computer memory and analyzed. Since the relative geometry is known and the system pre-calibrated, the unknown three-dimensional shape of the object-of-interest can be solved for by matching the intersections of the projected light lines with orthogonal epipolar lines corresponding to horizontal rows in the video camera frames. A surface reconstruction is made and displayed on a monitor screen. For 360.degree. all around coverage of theobject-of-interest, two additional sets of light projectors and corresponding cameras are distributed about 120.degree. apart from one another.
Lu, Shin-Yee (Pleasanton, CA)
Image system for three dimensional, 360{degree}, time sequence surface mapping of moving objects
A three-dimensional motion camera system comprises a light projector placed between two synchronous video cameras all focused on an object-of-interest. The light projector shines a sharp pattern of vertical lines (Ronchi ruling) on the object-of-interest that appear to be bent differently to each camera by virtue of the surface shape of the object-of-interest and the relative geometry of the cameras, light projector and object-of-interest. Each video frame is captured in a computer memory and analyzed. Since the relative geometry is known and the system pre-calibrated, the unknown three-dimensional shape of the object-of-interest can be solved for by matching the intersections of the projected light lines with orthogonal epipolar lines corresponding to horizontal rows in the video camera frames. A surface reconstruction is made and displayed on a monitor screen. For 360{degree} all around coverage of the object-of-interest, two additional sets of light projectors and corresponding cameras are distributed about 120{degree} apart from one another. 20 figs.
Lu, S.Y.
QCD Equation of State From a Chiral Hadronic Model Including Quark Degrees of Freedom
This work presents an effective model for strongly interacting matter and the QCD equation of state (EoS). The model includes both hadron and quark degrees of freedom and takes into account the transition of chiral symmetry restoration as well as the deconfinement phase transition. At low temperatures $T$ and baryonic densities $\\rho_B$ a hadron resonance gas is described using a SU(3)-flavor sigma-omega model and a quark phase is introduced in analogy to PNJL models for higher $T$ and $\\rho_B$. In this way, the correct asymptotic degrees of freedom are used in a wide range of $T$ and $\\rho_B$. Here, results of this model concerning the chiral and deconfinement phase transitions and thermodynamic model properties are presented. Large hadron resonance multiplicities in the transition region emphasize the importance of heavy-mass resonance states in this region and their impact on the chiral transition behavior. The resulting phase diagram of QCD matter at small chemical potentials is in line with latest lattice QCD and thermal model results.
Philip Rau; Jan Steinheimer; Stefan Schramm; Horst St�cker
Aluminum hydrolysis constants to 250[degrees]C from boehmite solubility measurements
Boehmite solubilities were measured at 150, 200, and 250[degrees]C at pH values from 1 to 10 at 100 bars total pressure and used to determine the stability constants for the mononuclear aluminum hydroxide complexes Al(OH)[sup 2+], Al(OH)[sup +][sub 2], Al(OH)[sub 0][sub 3], AL(OH)[sup -][sub 4], and the solubility product of boehmite. Buffer solutions of HCl-KCl, acetic acid-sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid, and boric acid-potassium hydroxide were used to control pH. Our solubility data are in good agreement with boehmite solubility measurements in perchloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions reported by KUYUNKO et al. (1983). The stability constants for the aluminum hydroxide species were determined from the solubility data using a Ridge regression technique. The results indicate that aluminum ion hydrolysis becomes stronger at higher temperatures, and the stability field of the neutral complex Al(OH)[sup 0][sub 3] becomes larger. The results are used to provide a set of equilibrium constants for aluminum hydroxide complex formation and boehmite hydrolysis from 0-300[degrees]C.
Bourcier, W.L.; Knauss, K.G.; Jackson, K.J. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States))
Polar studies of the sphericity degree of V/HTR nuclear fuel particles
Advanced nuclear power reactor designs such as (Very) High Temperature Reactors (V/HTR) employ TRISO fuel particles that typically have a sub-millimetre U-based fuel kernel coated with three isotropic ceramic layers-a layer of silicon carbide sandwiched between pyrocarbon layers of different density. Evaluation of the ceramic layer thickness and of the degree of sphericity of these typical nuclear fuel particles is required at each step of the fabrication, in order to estimate future fuel performance under irradiation conditions. This study is based on the image processing of polished cross-sections, realized near the equatorial plane. From these 2D images, some measurements are carried out, giving an estimation of the diameter values for a sample of particles at each step of the coating process. These values are then statistically extended to the third dimension in order to obtain the thickness of each layer and the degree of sphericity of each particle. A representation of diameter and layer thickness in polar coordinates enables one to identify steps for which the coating process is defective or deviating from nominal objectives.
Robert-Inacio, F. [Institut Superieur de l'Electronique et du Numerique de Toulon, L2MP UMR CNRS 6137, place Pompidou, F-83000 Toulon (France)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Boschet, C. [Institut Superieur de l'Electronique et du Numerique de Toulon, L2MP UMR CNRS 6137, place Pompidou, F-83000 Toulon (France); Charollais, F. [CEA Cadarache, DEN/CAD/DEC/SPUA, Bat. 315, BP1, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance (France)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Cellier, F. [Framatome ANP, an AREVA and Siemens Company, Plants Sector, 10, rue Juliette Recamier, 69456 Lyon Cedex 06 (France)
Global Patterns of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Soils on a 0.5 Degree Grid
Global Patterns of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Soils on a 0.5 Degree Grid Global Patterns of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Soils on a 0.5 Degree Grid Cell Basis (DB-1015) DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/lue.db1015 This data has been updated. Please see NDP-081. Contributed by: James W. Raich 1 and Christopher S. Potter2 1Department of Botany Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011 USA Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2NASA Ames Research Center MS 242-2 Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA Email: email@example.com Prepared by L.M. Olsen. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center Date Published: March, 1996 (Revised for the web: 2002) The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center is a part of the Environmental Sciences Division of the OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ORNL) and is located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6290. The ORNL is managed by University of Tennessee-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Lower hybrid instability driven by mono-energy {alpha}-particles with finite pitch angle spread in a plasma
A kinetic formalism of lower hybrid wave instability, driven by mono-energy {alpha}-particles with finite pitch angle spread, is developed. The instability arises through cyclotron resonance interaction with high cyclotron harmonics of {alpha}-particles. The {alpha}-particles produced in D-T fusion reactions have huge Larmor radii ({approx}10 cm) as compared to the wavelength of the lower hybrid wave, whereas their speed is an order of magnitude smaller than the speed of light in vacuum. As a result, large parallel phase velocity lower hybrid waves, suitable for current drive in tokamak, are driven unstable via coupling to high cyclotron harmonics. The growth rate decreases with increase in pitch angle spread of the beam. At typical electron density of {approx}10{sup 19} m{sup -3}, magnetic field {approx}4 Tesla and {alpha}-particle concentration {approx}0.1%, the large parallel phase velocity lower hybrid wave grows on the time scale of 20 ion cyclotron periods. The growth rate decreases with plasma density.
Kumar, Pawan; Singh, Vishwesh; Tripathi, V. K. [Department of Physics, IIT Delhi, New Delhi-110016 (India)
Virtual Compton scattering and neutral pion electroproduction in the resonance region up to the deep inelastic region at backward angles
We have made the first measurements of the virtual Compton scattering (VCS) process via the H(e,e'p)? exclusive reaction in the nucleon resonance region, at backward angles. Results are presented for the W-dependence at fixed Q2=1 GeV2, and for the Q2-dependence at fixed W near 1.5 GeV. The VCS data show resonant structures in the first and second resonance regions. The observed Q2-dependence is smooth. The measured ratio of H(e,e'p)? to H(e,e'p)?0 cross sections emphasizes the different sensitivity of these two reactions to the various nucleon resonances. Finally, when compared to Real Compton Scattering (RCS) at high energy and large angles, our VCS data at the highest W (1.8-1.9 GeV) show a striking Q2-independence, which may suggest a transition to a perturbative scattering mechanism at the quark level.
Laveissiere, Geraud; Degrande, Natalie; Jaminion, Stephanie; Jutier, Christophe; Todor, Luminita; Di Salvo, Rachele; Van Hoorebeke, L.; Alexa, L.C.; Anderson, Brian; Aniol, Konrad; Arundell, Kathleen; Audit, Gerard; Auerbach, Leonard; Baker, F.; Baylac, Maud; Berthot, J.; Bertin, Pierre; Bertozzi, William; Bimbot, Louis; Boeglin, Werner; Brash, Edward; Breton, Vincent; Breuer, Herbert; Burtin, Etienne; Calarco, John; Cardman, Lawrence; Cavata, Christian; Chang, C.; Chang, C.C.; Chang, C.; Chang, C.C.; Chang, C.; Chang, C.C.; Chang, C.; Chang, C.C.; Chen, Jian-Ping; Chudakov, Eugene; Cisbani, Evaristo; Dale, Daniel; De Jager, Cornelis; De Leo, Raffaele; Deur, Alexandre; D'Hose, Nicole; Dodge, Gail; Domingo, John; Elouadrhiri, Latifa; Epstein, Martin; Ewell, Lars; Finn, John; Fissum, Kevin; Fonvieille, Helene; Fournier, Guy; Frois, Bernard; Frullani, Salvatore; Furget, Christophe; Gao, Haiyan; Gao, Juncai; Garibaldi, Franco; Gasparian, Ashot; Gilad, Shalev; Gilman, Ronald; Glamazdin, Oleksandr; Glashausser, Charles; Gomez, Javier; Gorbenko, Viktor; Grenier, Philippe; Guichon, Pierre; Hansen, Jens-Ole; Holmes, Richard; Holtrop, Maurik; Howell, Calvin; Huber, Garth; Hyde, Charles; Incerti, Sebastien; Iodice, Mauro; Jardillier, Johann; Jones, Mark; Kahl, William; Kamalov, Sabit; Kato, Seigo; Katramatou, A.T.; Kelly, James; Kerhoas, Sophie; Ketikyan, Armen; Khayat, Mohammad; Kino, Kouichi; Kox, Serge; Kramer, Laird; Kumar, Krishna; Kumbartzki, Gerfried; Kuss, Michael; Leone, Antonio; LeRose, John; Liang, Meihua; Lindgren, Richard; Liyanage, Nilanga; Lolos, George; Lourie, Robert; Madey, Richard; Maeda, Kazushige; Malov, Sergey; Manley, D.; Marchand, Claude; Marchand, Dominique; Margaziotis, Demetrius; Markowitz, Pete; Marroncle, Jacques; Martino, Jacques; McCormick, Kathy; McIntyre, Justin; Mehrabyan, Surik; Merchez, Fernand; Meziani, Zein-Eddine; Michaels, Robert; Miller, Gerald; Mougey, Jean; Nanda, Sirish; Neyret, Damien; Offermann, Edmond; Papandreou, Zisis; Perdrisat, Charles; Perrino, R.; Petratos, Gerassimos; Platchkov, Stephane; Pomatsalyuk, Roman; Prout, David; Punjabi, Vina; Pussieux, Thierry; Quemener, Gilles; Ransome, Ronald; Ravel, Oliver; Real, Jean-Sebastien; Renard, F.; Roblin, Yves; Rowntree, David; Rutledge, Gary; Rutt, Paul; Saha, Arunava; Saito, Teijiro; Sarty, Adam; Serdarevic, A.; Smith, T.; Smirnov, G.; Soldi, K.; Sorokin, Pavel; Souder, Paul; Suleiman, Riad; Templon, Jeffrey; Terasawa, Tatsuo; Tiator, Lothar; Tieulent, Raphael; Tomasi-Gustaffson, E.; Tsubota, Hiroaki; Ueno, Hiroaki; Ulmer, Paul; Urciuoli, Guido; Van De Vyver, R.; van der Meer, Rob; Vernin, Pascal; Vlahovic, B.; Voskanyan, Hakob; Voutier, Eric; Watson, J.W.; Weinstein, Lawrence; Wijesooriya, Krishni; Wilson, R.; Wojtsekhowski, Bogdan; Zainea, Dan; Zhang, Wei-Ming; Zhao, Jie; Zhou, Z.-L.
We have made the first measurements of the virtual Compton scattering (VCS) process via the H(e, e{sup '}p){gamma} exclusive reaction in the nucleon resonance region, at backward angles. Results are presented for the W-dependence at fixed Q{sup 2}=1 GeV{sup 2} and for the Q{sup 2} dependence at fixed W near 1.5 GeV. The VCS data show resonant structures in the first and second resonance regions. The observed Q{sup 2} dependence is smooth. The measured ratio of H(e, e{sup '}p){gamma} to H(e, e{sup '}p){pi}{sup 0} cross sections emphasizes the different sensitivity of these two reactions to the various nucleon resonances. Finally, when compared to real Compton scattering (RCS) at high energy and large angles, our VCS data at the highest W (1.8-1.9 GeV) show a striking Q{sup 2} independence, which may suggest a transition to a perturbative scattering mechanism at the quark level.
Laveissiere, G.; Jaminion, S.; Salvo, R. Di; Berthot, J.; Bertin, P. Y.; Breton, V.; Fonvieille, H.; Grenier, P.; Ravel, O.; Roblin, Y.; Smirnov, G. [LPC-Clermont, Universite Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, F-63177 Aubiere Cedex (France); Degrande, N.; Hoorebeke, L. van; Vyver, R. van de [University of Gent, B-9000 Gent (Belgium); Jutier, C.; Hyde, C. E. [LPC-Clermont, Universite Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, F-63177 Aubiere Cedex (France); Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529 (United States); Todor, L.; Dodge, G. E.; McCormick, K.; Ulmer, P. E. [Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529 (United States)] (and others)
PBFA II lithium beam characterization from inner-shell x-ray images
The Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator (PBFA II) is not driving targets with ICF-relevant lithium ion beams. During the most recent lithium beam target series, time-integrated x-ray pinhole cameras viewed the ion-induced inner-shell x-ray fluorescence from the central gold cone target and a titanium-coated strip. Ion beam profiles at a nominal 10 mm radius and fixed azimuthal direction were obtained from images of the Ti K{sub {alpha}}, fluorescence of a Ti-coated Al diagnostic wire. The gold cone gave us beam profiles at a nominal 3 mm radius and at all azimuthal angles from the Au L{sub {alpha}} fluorescence. From these profiles, we obtained the ion beam vertical focus position, full-width-at-half-maximum, and the degree of azimuthal uniformity for the lithium target shots. For these initial results, beam steering problems were evident. Azimuthal uniformity was measured from the ion beam footprint on the outer Au case (predominantly Au L{sub {alpha}}) of the hohlraum target and were found to be in the same range (up to 30%) as for previous proton beam target series. We then present plans for Li beam diagnostics for an upcoming target experimental series.
Moats, A.R.; Derzon, M.S.; Chandler, G.A.; Dukart, R.J.; Haill, T.A.
A Second Examination of Fragments of Unirradiated and Irradiated CANDU Fuel, and Irradiated LWR Fuel, Oxidized in Air at 130 Degrees Centigrade and 170 Degrees Centigrade for Approximately One Thousand Days
Thisreport documents the examination of unclad fragments of unirradiated CANDU fuel, and irradiated LWR fuel, after approximately 2.8 years of oxidation in air at 130 degrees Centigrade and 170 degrees Centigrade. During oxidation, the various fuel specimens were isolated in separate vials, which were designed to permit free access of air, while preventing cross-contamination. Two specimens of each fuel type were recovered for examination from each experiment. The irradiated fuel specimens were weighed a...
ARM - Datastreams - xsacrblrhi
Datastreamsxsacrblrhi Datastreamsxsacrblrhi Documentation Data Quality Plots ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Datastream : XSACRBLRHI X-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (XSACR) Boundary Layer RHI Scan Active Dates 2011.09.14 - 2011.10.20 Measurement Categories Cloud Properties Originating Instrument X-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (XSACR) Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable Altitude above mean sea level m alt Altitude m altitude Altitude above ground level m altitude_agl Antenna transition indicator, 1 if between sweeps, otherwise 0 unitless antenna_transition ( time ) Azimuth angle from true north degrees azimuth ( time )
ARM - Datastreams - xsacrcwrhi
Datastreamsxsacrcwrhi Datastreamsxsacrcwrhi Documentation Data Quality Plots ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Datastream : XSACRCWRHI X-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (XSACR) Cross-Wind RHI Scan Active Dates 2011.09.14 - 2012.10.21 Measurement Categories Cloud Properties Originating Instrument X-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (XSACR) Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable Altitude above mean sea level m alt Altitude m altitude Altitude above ground level m altitude_agl Antenna transition indicator, 1 if between sweeps, otherwise 0 unitless antenna_transition ( time ) Azimuth angle from true north degree azimuth ( time )
ARM - Datastreams - xsacrvpt
Datastreamsxsacrvpt Datastreamsxsacrvpt Documentation Data Quality Plots ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Datastream : XSACRVPT X-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (XSACR) Vertically Pointing Scan Active Dates 2011.09.14 - 2013.07.29 Measurement Categories Cloud Properties Originating Instrument X-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (XSACR) Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable Altitude above mean sea level m alt Altitude m altitude Altitude above ground level m altitude_agl Antenna transition indicator, 1 if between sweeps, otherwise 0 unitless antenna_transition ( time ) Azimuth angle from true north degrees azimuth ( time )
ARM - Datastreams - wsacrppi
Datastreamswsacrppi Datastreamswsacrppi Documentation Data Quality Plots ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Datastream : WSACRPPI W-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (W-SACR) PPI Scan Active Dates 2011.05.24 - 2013.12.10 Measurement Categories Cloud Properties Originating Instrument Scanning ARM Cloud Radar, tuned to W-Band (95GHz) (WSACR) Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable Altitude above mean sea level m alt Altitude m altitude Altitude above ground level m altitude_agl Antenna transition indicator, 1 if between sweeps, otherwise 0 unitless antenna_transition ( time ) Azimuth angle from true north degrees azimuth ( time )
ARM - Datastreams - xsacrawrhi
Datastreamsxsacrawrhi Datastreamsxsacrawrhi Documentation Data Quality Plots ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Datastream : XSACRAWRHI X-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (XSACR) Along-Wind RHI Scan Active Dates 2011.09.14 - 2012.10.21 Measurement Categories Cloud Properties Originating Instrument X-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (XSACR) Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable Altitude above mean sea level m alt Altitude m altitude Altitude above ground level m altitude_agl Antenna transition indicator, 1 if between sweeps, otherwise 0 unitless antenna_transition ( time ) Azimuth angle from true north degrees azimuth ( time )
ARM - Datastreams - mwrp
Datastreamsmwrp Datastreamsmwrp Documentation Data Quality Plots Citation DOI: 10.5439/1025254 [ What is this? ] Generate Citation ARM Data Discovery Browse Data Comments? We would love to hear from you! Send us a note below or call us at 1-888-ARM-DATA. Send Datastream : MWRP Microwave Radiometer data (MWR Profiles - QME), water vapor, temp, cloud liquid water, precip water retrievals Active Dates 2004.02.19 - 2014.01.01 Measurement Categories Atmospheric State, Cloud Properties Originating Instrument Microwave Radiometer Profiler (MWRP) Measurements Only measurements considered scientifically relevant are shown below by default. Show all measurements Measurement Units Variable Altitude above mean sea level m alt Azimuth angle degrees azimuth Base time in Epoch seconds since 1970-1-1 0:00:00 0:00 base_time
Note: Rotaphone, a new self-calibrated six-degree-of-freedom seismic sensor
We have developed and tested (calibration, linearity, and cross-axis errors) a new six-degree-of-freedom mechanical seismic sensor for collocated measurements of three translational and three rotational ground motion velocity components. The device consists of standard geophones arranged in parallel pairs to detect spatial gradients. The instrument operates in a high-frequency range (above the natural frequency of the geophones, 4.5 Hz). Its theoretical sensitivity limit in this range is 10{sup -9} m/s in ground velocity and 10{sup -9} rad/s in rotation rate. Small size and weight, and easy installation and maintenance make the instrument useful for local-earthquake recording and seismic prospecting.
Brokesova, Johana [Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 180 00 Prague (Czech Republic); Malek, Jiri [Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, ASCR, 182 09 Prague (Czech Republic); Evans, John R. [U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025 (United States)
Projecting Monthly Natural Gas Sales for Space Heating Using a Monthly Updated Model and Degree-days from Monthly Outlooks
The problem of projecting monthly residential natural gas sales and evaluating interannual changes in demand is investigated using a linear regression model adjusted monthly. with lagged monthly heating degree-days as the independent variable. ...
Richard L. Lehman; Henry E. Warren
Low-Order Spectral Analysis of the Kirchhoff Matrix for a Probabilistic Graph With a Prescribed Expected Degree Sequence
We study the eigenvalue distribution of the Kirchhoff matrix of a large-scale probabilistic network with a prescribed expected degree sequence. This spectrum plays a key role in many dynamical and structural network problems ...
Preciado, Victor M.
Skillful Seasonal Predictions of Boreal Winter Accumulated Heating Degree-Days and Relevance for the Weather Derivative Market
It is demonstrated that boreal winter accumulated heating degree-days, a weather derivative product that is frequently demanded by energy suppliers (among others), can be skillfully predicted with a lead time of 1 month, that is, at the beginning ...
S. Brands
Professional Master's Degree in Wetlands Conservation This program is designed for students who want professional training in the
want professional training in the multidisciplinary field of wetlands science and management Management POLSCI 786 Policy Evaluation POLSCI 784 Environmental Policy POLSCI 787 Policy Analysis & ChoiceProfessional Master's Degree in Wetlands Conservation This program is designed for students who
Schweik, Charles M.
This paper examines the 46 frequencies found in the {delta} Sct star KIC 8054146 involving a frequency spacing of exactly 2.814 cycles day{sup -1} (32.57 {mu}Hz), which is also a dominant low-frequency peak near or equal to the rotational frequency. These 46 frequencies range up to 146 cycles day{sup -1}. Three years of Kepler data reveal distinct sequences of these equidistantly spaced frequencies, including the basic sequence and side lobes associated with other dominant modes (i.e., small amplitude modulations). The amplitudes of the basic sequence show a high-low pattern. The basic sequence follows the equation f{sub m} = 2.8519 + m*2.81421 cycles day{sup -1} with m ranging from 25 to 35. The zero-point offset and the lack of low-order harmonics eliminate an interpretation in terms of a Fourier series of a non-sinusoidal light curve. The exactness of the spacing eliminates high-order asymptotic pulsation. The frequency pattern is not compatible with simple hypotheses involving single or multiple spots, even with differential rotation. The basic high-frequency sequence is interpreted in terms of prograde sectoral modes. These can be marginally unstable, while their corresponding low-degree counterparts are stable due to stronger damping. The measured projected rotation velocity (300 km s{sup -1}) indicates that the star rotates with {approx}>70% of the Keplerian break-up velocity. This suggests a near equator-on view. We qualitatively examine the visibility of prograde sectoral high-degree g-modes in integrated photometric light in such a geometrical configuration and find that prograde sectoral modes can reproduce the frequencies and the odd-even amplitude pattern of the high-frequency sequence.
Breger, M. [Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 (United States); Lenz, P. [Institut fuer Astronomie der Universitaet Wien, Tuerkenschanzstr. 17, A-1180, Wien (Austria); Pamyatnykh, A. A. [Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw (Poland)
Bond Angles for O-H Defects in Sno2 from Polarization Properties of Their Vibrational Modes
Infrared absorption experiments made with polarized light yield significant insights into the possible structures of one- and two-O-H defects in SnO2 that are produced by thermal annealing treatments. These polarized absorption results reveal that a two-O-H defect must involve symmetry-equivalent O-H sites, and that the axes of both one- and two-O-H defects are 63 - 68 from the c-axis of the rutile structure. These O-H bond angles found by experiment restrict the microscopic defect structures that are possible and suggest structures associated with either a metal atom substituting for Sn, or an interstitial metal atom (such as Sn).
BEKISLI, F [Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA; FOWLER, W B [Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA; Stavola, M. [Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA; Boatner, Lynn A [ORNL; Spahr, E. J. [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA; Luepke, G [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA
A unified analysis of the reactor neutrino program towards the measurement of the theta_13 mixing angle
We present in this article a detailed quantitative discussion of the measurement of the leptonic mixing angle theta_13 through currently scheduled reactor neutrino oscillation experiments. We thus focus on Double Chooz (Phase I & II), Daya Bay (Phase I & II) and RENO experiments. We perform a unified analysis, including systematics, backgrounds and accurate experimental setup in each case. Each identified systematic error and background impact has been assessed on experimental setups following published data when available and extrapolating from Double Chooz acquired knowledge otherwise. After reviewing the experiments, we present a new analysis of their sensitivities to sin^2(2 theta_13) and study the impact of the different systematics based on the pulls approach. Through this generic statistical analysis we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of each experimental setup.
Guillaume Mention; Thierry Lasserre; Dario Motta
Small-angle x-ray scattering measurements of the microstructure of liquid helium mixtures adsorbed in aerogel
Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to measure the microstructure of isotopic mixtures of {sup 3}He and {sup 4}He adsorbed into silica aerogels as a function of temperature and {sup 3}He concentration. The SAXS measurements could be well described by the formation of a nearly pure film of {sup 4}He which separates from the bulk mixture onto the aerogel strands and which thickens with decreasing temperature. Previous observations of a superfluid {sup 3}He-rich phase are consistent with superfluidity existing within this film phase. Observed differences between different density aerogels are explained in terms of the depletion of {sup 4}He from the bulk mixture due to film formation.
Lurio, L. B.; Mulders, N.; Paetkau, M.; Chan, M. H. W.; Mochrie, S. G. J. [Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115 (United States); Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 (United States); Department of Physics and Astronomy, Okanagan College, British Columbia V1Y4X8 (Canada); Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (United States); Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (United States)
Electronic Band Dispersion Of CeAg{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} Studied Using Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
Angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to determine the electronic band dispersion of CeAg{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} single crystal along the {Gamma}-Z direction. Normal emission photoelectron spectra for photon energy from 21 eV to 35 eV were used to obtain the band mapping. Four photoemission features are observed to show the dispersion. The experimental spectra have been interpreted with the help of calculations based on full potential linear augmented plane wave method using density functional theory. The bands that show dispersion along the {Gamma}-Z direction are mainly related to the Ce 4f states and the hybridized Ag 4d with Ge 4p states.
Banik, Soma; Chakrabarti, Aparna; Deb, S. K. [Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013 (India); Jha, S. N. [Spectroscopy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400085 (India); Thamizhavel, A. [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005 (India)
Intrinsic ultrathin topological insulators grown via molecular beam epitaxy characterized by in-situ angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy
We demonstrate the capability of growing high quality ultrathin (10 or fewer quintuple layers) films of the topological insulators Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} and Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} using molecular beam epitaxy. Unlike previous growth techniques, which often pin the Fermi energy in the conduction band for ultrathin samples, our samples remain intrinsic bulk insulators. We characterize these films using in-situ angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which is a direct probe of bandstructure, and ex-situ atomic force microscopy. We find that the conduction band lies above the Fermi energy, indicating bulk insulating behavior with only the surface states crossing the Fermi energy. The use of a thermal cracker allows for more stoichiometric flux rates during growth, while still creating intrinsically doped films, paving the way for future improvements in growth of topological insulators.
Lee, J. J.; Vishik, I. M.; Ma, Y.; Shen, Z. X. [Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025 (United States); Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Schmitt, F. T.; Moore, R. G. [Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025 (United States); Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States)
High concentration two-stage optics for parabolic trough solar collectors with tubular absorber and large rim angle
A new two-stage optical design is proposed for parabolic trough solar collectors with tubular absorbers. It can boost the concentration ratio by a factor of 2.5 relative to the conventional design, while maintaining the large rim angles (i.e., low nominal f-numbers) that are desirable for practical and economical reasons. The second state involves asymmetric nonimaging concentrators of the CPC type, facing segments of the parabolic first stage. The second stage can be accommodated inside an evacuated receiver, allowing the use of first-surface silvered reflectors. The low heat loss of this design opens the possibility of producing steam at temperatures and pressures of conventional power plants, using only one-axis tracking. The improvement in conversion efficiency would be substantial.
Collares-Pereira, M. (Centro para a Conservacao de Energia, Amadora (Portugal)); Gordon, J.M. (Ben Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Beersheva (Israel)); Rabl, A. (Centre d'Energetique, Paris (France)); Winston, R. (Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States))
Evaluation of Common Angling-Induced Sources of Epithelial Damage for Popular Freshwater Sport Fish using Fluorescein
Angling is a popular recreational activity across the globe and a large proportion of fish captured by anglers are released due to voluntary or mandatory catch-and-release practices. The handling associated with hook removal and return of the fish to their environment can cause physical damage to the epidermal layer of the fish which may affect the condition and survival of released fish. This study investigated possible sources of epithelial damage associated with several different handling methods (i.e. landing net types, interactions with different boat floor surfaces, tournament procedures) commonly used in recreational angling for two popular freshwater sport fish species, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and northern pike (Esox lucius). Epithelial damage was examined using fluorescein, a non-toxic dye, which has been shown to detect latent epithelial damage. Northern pike exhibited extensive epithelial damage after exposure to several of the induced treatments (i.e., interaction with a carpeted surface, knotted nylon net, and line rolling) but relatively little epithelial damage when exposed to others (i.e., knotless rubber nets, smooth boat surfaces, or lip gripping devices). Largemouth bass did not show significant epithelial damage for any of the treatments, with the exception of fish caught in a semi-professional live release tournament. The detection of latent injuries using fluorescein can be an important management tool as it provides visual examples of potential damage that can be caused by different handling methods. Such visualizations can be used to encourage fish friendly angler behaviour and enhance the survival and welfare of released fish. It can also be used to test new products that are intended to or claim to reduce injury to fish that are to be released. Future research should evaluate the relationship between different levels of epithelial damage and mortality across a range of environmental conditions.
Colotelo, Alison HA; Cooke, Steven J.
Correlation of Oil-Water and Air-Water Contact Angles of Diverse Silanized Surfaces and Relationship to Fluid Interfacial Tensions
The use of air-water, {Theta}{sub wa}, or air-liquid contact angles is customary in surface science, while oil-water contact angles {Theta}{sub ow}, are of paramount importance in subsurface multiphase flow phenomena including petroleum reocovery, nonaqueous phase liquid fate and transport, and geological carbon sequestration. In this paper we determine both the air-water and oil-water contact angles of silica surfaces modified with a diverse selection of silanes, using hexadecane as the oil. The silanes included alkylsilanes, alkylarylsilanes, and silanes with alkyl or aryl groups that are functionalized with heteroatoms such as N, O, and S. These silanes yielded surfaces with wettabilities from water-wet to oil wet, including specific silanized surfaces functionalized with heteroatoms that yield intermediate wet surfaces. The oil-water contact angles for clean and silanized surfaces, excluding one partially fluorinated surface, correlate linearly with air-water contact angles with a slope of 1.41 (R = 0.981, n = 13). These data were used to examine a previously untested theoretical treatment relating air-water and oil-water contact angles in terms of fluid interfacial energies. Plotting the cosines of these contact angles against one another, we obtain a linear relationship in excellent agreement with the theoretical treatment; the data fit cos {Theta}{sub ow} = 0.667 cos {Theta}{sub ow} + 0.384 (R = 0.981, n = 13), intercepting cos {Theta}{sub ow} = -1 at -0.284. The theoretical slope, based on the fluid interfacial tensions {Theta}{sub wa}, {Theta}{sub ow}, and {Theta}{sub oa}, is 0.67. We also demonstrate how silanes can be used to alter the wettability of the interior of a pore network micromodel device constructed in silicon/silica with a glass cover plate. Such micromodels are used to study multiphase flow phenomena. The contact angle of the resulting interior was determined in situ. An intermediate wet micromodel gave a contact angle in excellent agreement with that obtained on an open planar silica surface using the same silane.
Grate, Jay W.; Dehoff, Karl J.; Warner, Marvin G.; Pittman, Jonathan W.; Wietsma, Thomas W.; Zhang, Changyong; Oostrom, Martinus
Six-Degree-of-Freedom Sensor Fish Design: Governing Equations and Motion Modeling
The Sensor Fish device is being used at Northwest hydropower projects to better understand the conditions fish experience during passage through hydroturbines and other dam bypass alternatives. Since its initial development in 1997, the Sensor Fish has undergone numerous design changes to improve its function and extend the range of its use. The most recent Sensor Fish design, the three degree of freedom (3DOF) device, has been used successfully to characterize the environment fish experience when passing through turbines, in spill, or in engineered fish bypass facilities at dams. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is in the process of redesigning the current 3DOF Sensor Fish device package to improve its field performance. Rate gyros will be added to the new six degree of freedom (6DOF) device so that it will be possible to observe the six linear and angular accelerations of the Sensor Fish as it passes the dam. Before the 6DOF Sensor Fish device can be developed and deployed, governing equations of motion must be developed in order to understand the design implications of instrument selection and placement within the body of the device. In this report, we describe a fairly general formulation for the coordinate systems, equations of motion, force and moment relationships necessary to simulate the 6DOF movement of an underwater body. Some simplifications are made by considering the Sensor Fish device to be a rigid, axisymmetric body. The equations of motion are written in the body-fixed frame of reference. Transformations between the body-fixed and interial reference frames are performed using a formulation based on quaternions. Force and moment relationships specific to the Sensor Fish body are currently not available. However, examples of the trajectory simulations using the 6DOF equations are presented using existing low and high-Reynolds number force and moment correlations. Animation files for the test cases are provided in an attached CD. The next phase of the work will focus on the refinement and application of the 6DOF simulator developed in this project. Experimental and computational studies are planned to develop a set of force and moment relationships that are specific to the Sensor Fish body over the range of Reynolds numbers that it experiences. Lab testing of prototype 6DOF Sensor Fish will also allow for refinement of the trajectory simulations through comparison with observations in test flumes. The 6DOF simulator will also be an essential component in tools to analyze field data measured using the next generation Sensor Fish. The 6DOF simulator will be embedded in a moving-machinery computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for hydroturbines to numerically simulate the 6DOF Sensor Fish.
Deng, Zhiqun; Richmond, Marshall C.; Simmons, Carver S.; Carlson, Thomas J.
A unit vector for characterizing the spin polarization of free electron
New degrees of freedom having the form of a unit vector are identified for characterizing the spin polarization of free electron. It is shown that when only the spin is considered, the non-commutativity of the Cartesian components of the Pauli vector allows us to use the azimuthal angle of a second direction, denoted by unit vector $\\mathbf I$, with respect to the quantization direction to characterize the spin polarization. The rotation of $\\mathbf I$ through an angle about the quantization axis leads to a rotation of the spin polarization vector through twice the angle about the same axis. Discussions are also made in Heisenberg picture as well. Upon utilizing this approach to a free electron and letting the quantization direction for each plane wave be the wave vector, we arrive at a representation in which the unit vector $\\mathbf I$ functions as an independent index to characterize the spin polarization.
Chun-Fang Li; Yan Wang
Orientation of stationary axial collectors
Attention is drawn to the fact that stationary solar collectors with axial symmetry have a third degree of freedom which must be considered, in addition to their azimuth and tilt angles, if their orientation is to be optimized on an annual or seasonal basis. The authors set up the equations needed to describe collector orientation in terms of all angles, including this extra degree of freedom which they refer to as skewness. Examples of the use of these equations are then given, both for northern and southern latitudes, which illustrate the manner in which skewness may be taken into consideration and highlight the importance of doing this. For the sake of simplicity the illustrative examples treat only the direct beam component of the total insolation intercepted by the collector.
Faiman, D.; Mills, D.R. (Sydney Univ., New South Wales (Australia))
Examination of a Standardized Test for Evaluating the Degree of Cure of EVA Encapsulation (Presentation)
The curing of cross-linkable encapsulation is a critical consideration for photovoltaic (PV) modules manufactured using a lamination process. Concerns related to ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA) include the quality (e.g., expiration and uniformity) of the films or completion (duration) of the cross-linking of the EVA within a laminator. Because these issues are important to both EVA and module manufacturers, an international standard has recently been proposed by the Encapsulation Task-Group within the Working Group 2 (WG2) of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee 82 (TC82) for the quantification of the degree of cure for EVA encapsulation. The present draft of the standard calls for the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as the rapid, enabling secondary (test) method. Both the residual enthalpy- and melt/freeze-DSC methods are identified. The DSC methods are calibrated against the gel content test, the primary (reference) method. Aspects of other established methods, including indentation and rotor cure metering, were considered by the group. Key details of the test procedure will be described.
Miller, D.; Wohlgemuth, J.; Gu, X.; Haldeman, S.; Hidalgo, M.; Malguth, E.; Reid, C.; Shioda, T.; Schulze, S.; Wang, Z.
Solar heavy element abundance: constraints from frequency separation ratios of low-degree p modes
We use very precise frequencies of low-degree solar-oscillation modes measured from 4752 days of data collected by the Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON) to derive seismic information on the solar core. We compare these observations to results from a large Monte Carlo simulation of standard solar models, and use the results to constrain the mean molecular weight of the solar core, and the metallicity of the solar convection zone. We find that only a high value of solar metallicity is consistent with the seismic observations. We can determine the mean molecular weight of the solar core to a very high precision, and, dependent on the sequence of Monte Carlo models used, find that the average mean molecular weight in the inner 20% by radius of the Sun ranges from 0.7209 to 0.7231, with uncertainties of less than 0.5% on each value. Our lowest seismic estimate of solar metallicity is Z=0.0187 and our highest is Z=0.0239, with uncertainties in the range of 12--19%. Our results indicate that the discrepancies between solar models constructed with low metallicity and the helioseismic observations extend to the solar core and thus cannot be attributed to deficiencies in the modeling of the solar convection zone.
William J. Chaplin; Aldo M. Serenelli; Sarbani Basu; Yvonne Elsworth; Roger New; Graham A. Verner
Quantum Field Theory Is Not Merely Quantum Mechanics Applied to Low Energy Effective Degrees of Freedom
It is commonly assumed that quantum field theory arises by applying ordinary quantum mechanics to the low energy effective degrees of freedom of a more fundamental theory defined at ultra-high-energy/short-wavelength scales. We shall argue here that, even for free quantum fields, there are holistic aspects of quantum field theory that cannot be properly understood in this manner. Specifically, the ``subtractions'' needed to define nonlinear polynomial functions of a free quantum field in curved spacetime are quite simple and natural from the quantum field theoretic point of view, but are at best extremely ad hoc and unnatural if viewed as independent renormalizations of individual modes of the field. We illustrate this point by contrasting the analysis of the Casimir effect, the renormalization of the stress-energy tensor in time-dependent spacetimes, and anomalies from the point of quantum field theory and from the point of view of quantum mechanics applied to the independent low energy modes of the field. Some implications for the cosmological constant problem are discussed.
Stefan Hollands; Robert M. Wald
Nonlinear normal modes of a two degree of freedom oscillator with a bilateral elastic stop
A study of the non linear modes of a two degree of freedom mechanical system with bilateral elastic stop is considered. The issue related to the non-smoothness of the impact force is handled through a regularization technique. In order to obtain the Nonlinear Normal Mode (NNM), the harmonic balance method with a large number of harmonics, combined with the asymptotic numerical method, is used to solve the regularized problem. These methods are present in the software "package" MANLAB. The results are validated from periodic orbits obtained analytically in the time domain by direct integration of the non regular problem. The two NNMs starting respectively from the two linear normal modes of the associated underlying linear system are discussed. The energy-frequency plot is used to present a global vision of the behavior of the modes. The dynamics of the modes are also analyzed comparing each periodic orbits and modal lines. The first NNM shows an elaborate dynamics with the occurrence of multiple impacts per period. On the other hand, the second NNM presents a more simple dynamics with a localization of the displacement on the first mass.
El Hadi Moussi; Sergio Bellizzi; Bruno Cochelin; I. Nistor
Design of JET ELM control coils for operation at 350 degrees C
A study has confirmed the feasibility of designing, fabricating and installing resonant magnetic field perturbation (RMP) coils in JET(1) with the objective of controlling edge localized modes (ELM). A system of two rows of in-vessel coils, above the machine midplane, has been chosen as it not only can investigate the physics of and achieve the empirical criteria for ELM suppression, but also permits variation of the spectra allowing for comparison with other experiments. These coils present several engineering challenges. Conditions in JET necessitate the installation of these coils via remote handling, which will impose weight, dimensional and logistical limitations. And while the encased coils are designed to be conventionally wound and bonded, they will not have the usual benefit of active cooling. Accordingly, coil temperatures are expected to reach 350 degrees C during bakeout as well as during plasma operations. These elevated temperatures are beyond the safe operating limits of conventional OFHC copper and the epoxies that bond and insulate the turns of typical coils. This has necessitated the use of an alternative copper alloy conductor C18150 (CuCrZr). More importantly, an alternative to epoxy had to be found. An R&D program was initiated to find the best available insulating and bonding material. The search included polyimides and ceramic polymers. The scope and status of this R&D program, as well as the critical engineering issues encountered to date are reviewed and discussed.
Zatz, I J [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL); Baker, R [Association EURATOM-CCFE, Abingdon, UK; Brooks, A. [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL); Cole, Michael J [ORNL; Neilson, G. H. [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL)
Revealing the Degree of Magnetic Frustration by Non-Magnetic Impurities
Imaging the magnetic fields around a non-magnetic impurity can provide a clear benchmark for quantifying the degree of magnetic frustration. Focusing on the strongly frustrated J{sub 1}-J{sub 2} model and the spatially anisotropic J{sub 1a}-J{sub 1b}-J{sub 2} model, very distinct low energy behaviors reflect different levels of magnetic frustration. In the J{sub 1}-J{sub 2} model, bound magnons appear trapped near the impurity in the ground state and strongly reduce the ordered moments for sites proximal to the impurity. In contrast, local moments in the J{sub 1a}-J{sub 1b}-J{sub 2} model are enhanced on the impurity neighboring sites. These theoretical predictions can be probed by experiments such as nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning tunneling microscopy, and the results can elucidate the role of frustration in antiferromagnets and help narrow the possible models to understand magnetism in the iron pnictdies.
Not Available
Test beam results on the Proton Zero Degree Calorimeter for the ALICE experiment
The proton Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZP) for the ALICE experiment will measure the energy of the spectator protons in heavy ion collisions at the CERN LHC. Since all the spectator protons have the same energy, the calorimeter's response is proportional to their number, providing a direct information on the centra