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Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A
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Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study Title Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study Publication Type Report Refereed Designation Unknown Year of Publication 2011 Authors Cappers, Peter, Andrew D. Mills, Charles A. Goldman, Ryan H. Wiser, and Joseph H. Eto Pagination 76 Date Published 10/2011 Publisher LBNL City Berkeley Keywords demand response, electricity markets and policy group, energy analysis and environmental impacts department, renewable generation integration, smart grid Abstract The penetration of renewable generation technology (e.g., wind, solar) is expected to dramatically increase in the United States during the coming years as many states are implementing policies to expand this sector through regulation and/or legislation. It is widely understood, though, that large scale deployment of certain renewable energy sources, namely wind and solar, poses system integration challenges because of its variable and often times unpredictable production characteristics (NERC, 2009). Strategies that rely on existing thermal generation resources and improved wind and solar energy production forecasts to manage this variability are currently employed by bulk power system operators, although a host of additional options are envisioned for the near future. Demand response (DR), when properly designed, could be a viable resource for managing many of the system balancing issues associated with integrating large-scale variable generation (VG) resources (NERC, 2009). However, demand-side options would need to compete against strategies already in use or contemplated for the future to integrate larger volumes of wind and solar generation resources. Proponents of smart grid (of which Advanced Metering Infrastructure or AMI is an integral component) assert that the technologies associated with this new investment can facilitate synergies and linkages between demand-side management and bulk power system needs. For example, smart grid proponents assert that system-wide implementation of advanced metering to mass market customers (i.e., residential and small commercial customers) as part of a smart grid deployment enables a significant increase in demand response capability.1 Specifically, the implementation of AMI allows electricity consumption information to be captured, stored and utilized at a highly granular level (e.g., 15-60 minute intervals in most cases) and provides an opportunity for utilities and public policymakers to more fully engage electricity customers in better managing their own usage through time-based rates and near-real time feedback to customers on their usage patterns while also potentially improving the management of the bulk power system. At present, development of time-based rates and demand response programs and the installation of variable generation resources are moving forward largely independent of each other in state and regional regulatory and policy forums and without much regard to the complementary nature of their operational characteristics.2 By 2020, the electric power sector is expected to add ~65 million advanced meters3 (which would reach ~47% of U.S. households) as part of smart grid and AMI4 deployments (IEE, 2010) and add ~40-80 GW of wind and solar capacity (EIA, 2010). Thus, in this scoping study, we focus on a key question posed by policymakers: what role can the smart grid (and its associated enabling technology) play over the next 5-10 years in helping to integrate greater penetration of variable generation resources by providing mass market customers with greater access to demand response opportunities? There is a well-established body of research that examines variable generation integration issues as well as demand response potential, but the nexus between the two has been somewhat neglected by the industry. The studies that have been conducted are informative concerning what could be accomplished with strong broad-based support for the expansion of demand response opportunities, but typically do not discuss the many barriers that stand in the way of reaching this potential. This study examines how demand side resources could be used to integrate wind and solar resources in the bulk power system, identifies barriers that currently limit the use of demand side strategies, and suggests several factors that should be considered in assessing alternative strategies that can be employed to integrate wind and solar resources in the bulk power system. It is difficult to properly gauge the role that DR could play in managing VG integration issues in the near future without acknowledging and understanding the entities and institutions that govern the interactions between variable generation and mass market customers (see Figure ES-1). Retail entities, like load-serving entities (LSE) and aggregators of retail customers (ARC), harness the demand response opportunities of mass market customers through tariffs (and DR programs) that are approved by state regulatory agencies or local governing entities (in the case of public power). The changes in electricity consumption induced by DR as well as the changes in electricity production due to the variable nature of wind and solar generation technologies is jointly managed by bulk power system operators. Bulk power system operators function under tariffs approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and must operate their systems in accordance with rules set by regional reliability councils. These reliability rules are derived from enforceable standards that are set by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and approved by federal regulators. Thus, the role that DR can play in managing VG integration issues is contingent on what opportunities state and local regulators are willing to approve and how customers' response to the DR opportunities can be integrated into the bulk power system both electrically (due to reliability rules) and financially (due to market rules).
Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study
Mass Market Demand Response and Mass Market Demand Response and Mass Market Demand Response and Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: Variable Generation Integration Issues: Variable Generation Integration Issues: Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study A Scoping Study Peter Cappers, Andrew Mills, Charles Goldman, Ryan Wiser, Joseph H. Eto Report Summary October 2011 Energy Analysis Department 'é¦ Electricity Markets and Policy Group 1 1 Presentation Overview Presentation Overview 'é¦ Objectives and Approach 'é¦ Variable Generation Resources and the Bulk Power System 'é¦ Demand Response Opportunities 'é¦ Demand Response as a Strategy to Integrate p gy g Variable Generation Resources 'é¦ Comparison of Various Strategies to Integrate Variable Generation 'é¦ Conclusions Energy Analysis Department 'é¦ Electricity Markets and Policy Group
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This scoping study focuses on the policy issues inherent in the claims made by some Smart Grid proponents that the demand response potential of mass market customers which is enabled by widespread implementation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) through the Smart Grid could be the ōsilver bulletö for mitigating variable generation integration issues. In terms of approach, we will: identify key issues associated with integrating large amounts of variable generation into the bulk power system; identify demand response opportunities made more readily available to mass market customers through widespread deployment of AMI systems and how they can affect the bulk power system; assess the extent to which these mass market Demand Response (DR) opportunities can mitigate Variable Generation (VG) integration issues in the near-term and what electricity market structures and regulatory practices could be changed to further expand the ability for DR to mitigate VG integration issues over the long term; and provide a qualitative comparison of DR and other approaches to mitigate VG integration issues.
Cappers, Peter; Mills, Andrew; Goldman, Charles; Wiser, Ryan; Eto, Joseph H.
63E 63E Mass Market Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Issues: A Scoping Study Peter Cappers, Andrew Mills, Charles Goldman, Ryan Wiser, Joseph H. Eto Environmental Energy Technologies Division October 2011 The work described in this report was funded by the Permitting, Siting and Analysis Division of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability under Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Goldman, G. (2009) Retail demand response in Southwest PowerCoordination of retail demand response with Midwest ISO2010. 110 pages. Demand Response and Variable Generation
Cappers, Peter
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Issues Affecting Renewable...
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Integrated regional assessment: qualitative and quantitative issues
Qualitative and quantitative issues are particularly significant in integrated regional assessment. This chapter examines the terms ōqualitativeö and ōquantitativeö separately and in relation to one another, along with a discussion of the degree of interdependence or overlap between the two. Strategies for integrating the two general approaches often produce uneasy compromises. However, integrated regional assessment provides opportunities for strong collaborations in addressing specific problems in specific places.
Malone, Elizabeth L.
Steam Generator Integrity Assessment Guidelines
This report provides guidance for evaluating the condition of steam generator (SG) tubes based on nondestructive examination (NDE) or in situ pressure testing. This integrity assessment is normally performed during a reactor refueling outage. Nuclear power plant licensees who follow this document's guidelines will have satisfied their requirements for condition monitoring and operational assessment as defined in the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) initiative, Steam Generator Program Guidelines, NEI 97-06.
Distributed Photovoltaics: Utility Integration Issues and Opportunities
This white paper addresses industry involvement in distributed photovoltaic (PV) deployment and integration from a technical and business perspective. It considers evolving PV system technologies and markets, introduces distributed PV applications and initiatives being implemented by utilities and other industry participants, and identifies critical issues and opportunities facing the U.S. electric sector.
Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation...
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources, and Energy Storages:...
Review of Variable Generation Integration Charges
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The growth of wind and solar generation in the United States, and the expectation of continued growth of these technologies, dictates that the future power system will be operated in a somewhat different manner because of increased variability and uncertainty. A small number of balancing authorities have attempted to determine an 'integration cost' to account for these changes to their current operating practices. Some balancing authorities directly charge wind and solar generators for integration charges, whereas others add integration charges to projected costs of wind and solar in integrated resource plans or in competitive solicitations for generation. This report reviews the balancing authorities that have calculated variable generation integration charges and broadly compares and contrasts the methodologies they used to determine their specific integration charges. The report also profiles each balancing authority and how they derived wind and solar integration charges.
Porter, K.; Fink, S.; Buckley, M.; Rogers, J.; Hodge, B. M.
NREL Leads Energy Systems Integration, Continuum Magazine: Issue 4 (Book)
SciTech Connect
Continuum Magazine showcases NREL's latest and most impactful clean energy innovations. This issue, 'NREL Leads Energy Systems Integration' explores the discipline of energy systems integration, in particular the role of the laboratory's new, one-of-a-kind Energy System Integration Facility. NREL scientists, engineers, and analysts deeply understand the fundamental science and technologies underpinning major energy producing and consuming systems, as well as the transmission infrastructure and communications and data networks required to integrate energy systems at all scales.
Not Available
Environmental Issues arising from the Thermopower Generation
The present study is the outcome of a research assess of the thermopower generation and the environmental impacts in Brazil The idea was to establish a comparative analysis between the expansion of the power operation and the emissions of pollutants, for carrying out new prospective studies on this topic, as well as new regulatory proposal for the electricity system and the potential environmental risk related. Under the Decceniall Expansion Plan of Brazilian Government, the countryÆs total installed capacity will grow from 57.6 GW in 1997 to 90.2 GW in 2006, with the hydroelectric share declining from 92 to 83 percent, and the thermoelectric share growing from 8 to 17 percent over the same period. The option of thermopower plants could be a good opportunity to open the Brazilian Electric Sector to private investors, considering that low public financial capacity of the public sector to expand the electric system. But it is important to be note that the new power plants could generate large environmental impacts to the atmosphere if not controlled. This paper deals specifically with the analysis of atmospheric pollution from coal and natural gas power plants and the policy related in the the two fields above mentioned.
Marco Aurķlio Dos Santos; Manoel Gonńalves Rodrigues
Steam Generator Management Program: Steam Generator Integrity Assessment Guidelines
This report provides guidance for evaluating the condition of steam generator (SG) tubes based on nondestructive examination (NDE) or in situ pressure testing. The integrity assessments are normally performed during a reactor refueling outage. Nuclear power plant licensees who follow the guidance in this report will have satisfied the requirements for degradation assessments, condition monitoring, and operational assessment as defined in the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) Steam Generator Program Guidelin...
Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) ...
Resource Integrated Database, eGRID, clean energy, power generation, electricity generation, production, environment, electricity, utilities, utility, power plant, power...
Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID),...
Integration of photovoltaic units into electric utility grids: experiment information requirements and selected issues
A number of investigations, including those conducted by The Aerospace Corporation and other contractors, have led to the recognition of technical, economic, and institutional issues relating to the interface between solar electric technologies and electric utility systems. These issues derive from three attributes of solar electric power concepts, including (1) the variability and unpredictability of the solar resources, (2) the dispersed nature of those resources which suggests the feasible deployment of small dispersed power units, and (3) a high initial capital cost coupled with relatively low operating costs. It is imperative that these integration issues be pursued in parallel with the development of each technology if the nation's electric utility systems are to effectively utilize these technologies in the near to intermediate term. Analyses of three of these issues are presented: utility information requirements, generation mix and production cost impacts, and rate structures in the context of photovoltaic units integrated into the utility system. (WHK)
Control methodologies provide the necessary data acquisition, analysis and corrective actions needed to maintain the state of an electric power system within acceptable operating limits. These methods are primarily software-based algorithms that are nonfunctional unless properly integrated with system data and the appropriate control devices. Components of the control of power systems today include protective relays, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), distribution automation (DA), feeder automation, software agents, sensors, control devices and communications. Necessary corrective actions are still accomplished using large electromechanical devices such as vacuum, oil and gas-insulated breakers, capacitor banks, regulators, transformer tap changers, reclosers, generators, and more recently FACTS (flexible AC transmission system) devices. The recent evolution of multi-agent system (MAS) technologies has been reviewed and effort made to integrate MAS into next generation power systems. A MAS can be defined as ├ó┬?┬?├ó┬?┬"a loosely-coupled network of problem solvers that work together to solve problems that are beyond their individual capabilities├ó┬?┬"├ó┬?┬Ø. These problem solvers, often called agents, are autonomous and may be heterogeneous in nature. This project has shown that a MAS has significant advantages over a single, monolithic, centralized problem solver for next generation power systems. Various communication media are being used in the electric power system today, including copper, optical fiber and power line carrier (PLC) as well as wireless technologies. These technologies have enabled the deployment of substation automation (SA) at many facilities. Recently, carrier and wireless technologies have been developed and demonstrated on a pilot basis. Hence, efforts have been made by this project to penetrate these communication technologies as an infrastructure for next generation power systems. This project has thus pursued efforts to use specific MAS methods as well as pertinent communications protocols to imbed and assess such technologies in a real electric power distribution system, specifically the Circuit of the Future (CoF) developed by Southern California Edison (SCE). By modeling the behavior and communication for the components of a MAS, the operation and control of the power distribution circuit have been enhanced. The use of MAS to model and integrate a power distribution circuit offers a significantly different approach to the design of next generation power systems. For example, ways to control a power distribution circuit that includes a micro-grid while considering the impacts of thermal constraints, and integrating voltage control and renewable energy sources on the main power system have been pursued. Both computer simulations and laboratory testbeds have been used to demonstrate such technologies in electric power distribution systems. An economic assessment of MAS in electric power systems was also performed during this project. A report on the economic feasibility of MAS for electric power systems was prepared, and particularly discusses the feasibility of incorporating MAS in transmission and distribution (T&D) systems. Also, the commercial viability of deploying MAS in T&D systems has been assessed by developing an initial case study using utility input to estimate the benefits of deploying MAS. In summary, the MAS approach, which had previously been investigated with good success by APERC for naval shipboard applications, has now been applied with promising results for enhancing an electric power distribution circuit, such as the Circuit of the Future developed by Southern California Edison. The results for next generation power systems include better ability to reconfigure circuits, improve protection and enhance reliability.
whether immediate actions are needed, other than those already taken by the staff, to deal with steam generator tube issues. In February 2001, we submitted to the Executive Director for Operations (EDO) NUREG-1740 on a differing professional opinion (DPO) concerning alternative repair criteria for steam generator tubes. In that report, we concluded that alternative repair criteria were needed. The alternative repair criteria and the condition monitoring program for steam generator tubes that the staff has endorsed can provide adequate protection of the public health and safety. We did make recommendations to the EDO directed particularly at improving the technical bases of the alternative repair criteria and the reliability of the condition monitoring program. The more important of these recommendations are: # Evaluate the potential for progression of damage to steam generator tubes during rapid depressurization caused by a main steamline rupture. # Monitor performance to search for systematic deviations from the linear bound on the nonlinear processes of crack initiation and growth through steam generator tube walls.
unknown authors
National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project: Quarterly Update, Issue No.1, October-December 2003
First issue of a quarterly reporting to stakeholders on progress on the National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project.
Building Integration of Micro-Generation Technologies ...
... Micro-generation can be defined as residential or small-commercial applications of the on-site generation of power with heating and/or cooling ...
2004, a user friendly web application, eGRIDweb, is available to select, view, print, and export specified data. Tags Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database, eGRID,...
Eastern Renewable Generation Integration Study: Initial Results (Poster)
This poster presents an overview of the Eastern Renewable Generation Integration Study, which aims to answer critical questions about the future of the Eastern Interconnection under high levels of solar and wind generation penetration.
Bloom, A.; Townsend, A.; Hummon, M.; Weekley, A.; Clark, K.; King, J.
Program on Technology Innovation: Integrated Generation Technology Options
The EPRI Integrated Generation Technology Options is intended to provide a snapshot of current cost and performance and technology trends for central electricity generation stations (>50 MW). This document is designed to help with information on the current options in power generation infrastructure capital investments. This 2008 Integrated Generation Technology Options draws from the results of the 2007 TAG studies with relevant current updates. However, while the TAG addresses about 20 different Power ...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Eastern Renewable Generation...
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NREL Leads Energy Systems Integration: Issue 4 (Book), Continuum...
- A Living Laboratory for Integrated Solutions for a A Renewable Electricity Future Energy Systems Integration Complex Energy World Energy Systems Integration NREL is a national...
A number of investigations have led to the recognition of technical, economic, and institutional issues relating to the interface between solar electric technologies and electric utility systems. These issues derive from three attributes of solar electric power concepts, including (1) the variability and unpredictability of the solar resources, (2) the dispersed nature of those resources which suggest the deployment of small dispersed power units, and (3) a high initial capital cost coupled with relatively low operating costs. An important part of the DOE programs to develop new source technologies, in particular photovoltaic systems, is the experimental testing of complete or nearby complete power units. These experiments provide an opportunity to examine operational and integration issues which must be understood before widespread commercial deployment of these technologies can be achieved. Experiments may also be required to explicitly examine integration, operational, and control aspects of single and multiple new source technology power units within a utility system. An identification of utility information requirements, a review of planned experiments, and a preliminary determination of additional experimental needs and opportunities are presented. Other issues discussed include: (1) the impacts of on-site photovoltaic units on load duration curves and optimal generation mixes are considered; (2) the impacts of on-site photovoltaic units on utility production costs, with and without dedicated storage and with and without sellback, are analyzed; and (3) current utility rate structure experiments, rationales, policies, practices, and plans are reviewed.
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Generator Modeling
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Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable
Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources, and Energy Storages: State-of-the-Art Report, Volume 1, Main Report Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources, and Energy Storages: State-of-the-Art Report, Volume 1, Main Report Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Policy, Deployment, & Program Impact Website: www.ieadsm.org/Files/Tasks/Task%20XVII%20-%20Integration%20of%20Demand Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/integration-demand-side-management-di Language: English Policies: Regulations Regulations: Resource Integration Planning This task of the International Energy Agency's (IEA's) Demand-Side
Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources, and Energy Storages: State-of-the-Art Report, Volume 2, Annexes Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources, and Energy Storages: State-of-the-Art Report, Volume 2, Annexes Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Policy, Deployment, & Program Impact Website: www.ieadsm.org/Files/Tasks/Task%20XVII%20-%20Integration%20of%20Demand Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/integration-demand-side-management-di Language: English Policies: Regulations Regulations: Resource Integration Planning This report provides Annexes 1 through 7, which are country reports from
System integration issues of residential solar photovoltaic systems
The objective of this study is to evaluate the economic effects of residential solar PV systems on the utility's revenue, capacity, and energy requirements from the electric utility's perspective and to estimate the price that it might pay for surplus energy compared to what it would charge for deficits. The power and energy generated by the solar PV systems reduce the capital and operating costs that would otherwise be incurred by the utility. These avoided costs suggest what the utility might pay for surplus solar PV energy. The avoided costs are evaluated under three integration hypotheses, namely: (1) the utility has no system storage, (2) the utility has system storage, and (3) the solar PV systems are supported by dedicated storage devices, the purpose of which is to minimize sales to and purchases from the utility. Findings are reported in detail. (WHK)
Yamayee, Z.A.; Peschon, J.
Role of Large Balancing Areas In Integrating Solar Generation: Solar Integration Series. 3 of 3 (Brochure)
The third out of a series of three fact sheets describing the role of large balancing areas in integrating solar generation.
Units 1 and 2. The enclosed report documents the inspection findings which were discussed on October 4, 2002, with Mr. W. Levis and other members of your staff. This inspection examined activities conducted under your license as they relate to safety and compliance with the CommissionÆs rules and regulations and with the conditions of your license. The inspectors reviewed procedures and records, observed activities, and interviewed personnel. Based on the results of this inspection, the inspectors identified four issues of very low safety significance (Green). Two of these issues were determined to involve violations of NRC requirements. However, because of their very low safety significance and because they have been entered into your corrective action program, the NRC is treating these issues as Non-Cited Violations, in accordance with Section VI.A.1 of the NRCÆs Enforcement Policy. If you deny these non-cited violations, you should provide a response with the basis for your denial, within 30 days of the date of this inspection report, to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Exelon Nuclear
An Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology for Generation IV Nuclear Systems
The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) Risk and Safety Working Group (RSWG) was created to develop an effective approach for the safety of Generation IV advanced nuclear energy systems. Early work of the RSWG focused on defining a safety philosophy founded on lessons learned from current and prior generations of nuclear technologies, and on identifying technology characteristics that may help achieve Generation IV safety goals. More recent RSWG work has focused on the definition of an integrated safety assessment methodology for evaluating the safety of Generation IV systems. The methodology, tentatively called ISAM, is an integrated ōtoolkitö consisting of analytical techniques that are available and matched to appropriate stages of Generation IV system concept development. The integrated methodology is intended to yield safety-related insights that help actively drive the evolving design throughout the technology development cycle, potentially resulting in enhanced safety, reduced costs, and shortened development time.
Timothy J. Leahy
Integrating Safety Issues in Optimizing Solvent Selection and Process Design
Incorporating consideration for safety issues while designing solvent processes has become crucial in light of the chemical process incidents involving solvents that have taken place in recent years. The implementation of inherently safer design concepts is considered beneficial to avoid hazards during early stages of design. The application of existing process design and modeling techniques that aid the concepts of æsubstitutionÆ, æintensificationÆ and æattenuationÆ has been shown in this work. For æsubstitutionÆ, computer aided molecular design (CAMD) technique has been applied to select inherently safer solvents for a solvent operation. For æintensificationÆ and æattenuationÆ, consequence models and regulatory guidance from EPA RMP have been integrated into process simulation. Combining existing techniques provides a design team with a higher level of information to make decisions based on process safety. CAMD is a methodology used for designing compounds with desired target properties. An important aspect of this methodology concerns the prediction of properties given the structure of the molecule. This work also investigates the applicability of Quantitative Structure Property Relationship (QSPR) and topological indices to CAMD. The evaluation was based on models developed to predict flash point properties of different classes of solvents. Multiple linear regression and neural network analysis were used to develop QSPR models, but there are certain limitations associated with using QSPR in CAMD which have been discussed and need further work. Practical application of molecular design and process design techniques have been demonstrated in a case study on liquid-liquid extraction of acetic acid-water mixture. Suitable inherently safer solvents were identified using ICAS-ProCAMD, and consequence models were integrated into Aspen Plus simulator using a calculator sheet. Upon integrating flammable and toxic hazard modeling, solvents such as 5-nonanone, 2-nonanone and 5-methyl-2-hexanone provide inherently safer options, while conventionally-used solvent, ethyl acetate, provides higher degree of separation capability. A conclusive decision regarding feasible solvents and operating conditions would depend on design requirements, regulatory guidance, and safety criteria specified for the process. Inherent safety has always been an important consideration to be implemented during early design steps, and this research presents a methodology to incorporate the principles and obtain inherently safer alternatives.
Patel, Suhani Jitendra
Roadmap Integration Team Presentation Generation IV Roadmap Overview
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Presentation Presentation Generation IV Roadmap Overview NERAC Meeting: Washington, D.C. April 15, 2002 Roadmap Integration Team Presentation Definition - Generation IV Generation IV is: "...the next generation of nuclear energy systems that can be licensed, constructed, and operated in a manner that will provide a competitively priced and reliable supply of energy to the country where such systems are deployed, while addressing nuclear safety, waste, proliferation and public perception concerns." Roadmap Integration Team Presentation Objective - Gen IV Technology Roadmap The Technology Roadmap: * Describes systems deployable by 2030 or earlier * Determines which systems offer significant advances towards:
Integrated Distributed Generation and Energy Storage Concepts
Distributed generation (DG) can provide users with versatile and cost effective solutions for many of their energy requirements. However, as these devices have begun to proliferate, there have been a number of load and power system compatibility concerns that have been identified. To better understand and address DG product improvement opportunities, this report details the capabilities and limitations of existing DG applications from the perspective of critical load starting and power quality support. I...
Transmission Pricing Issues for Electricity Generation From Renewable Resources
Reports and Publications (EIA)
This article discusses how the resolution of transmission pricing issues which have arisen under the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC) open access environment may affect the prospects for renewable-based electricity.
Information Center
Steam Generator Tube Integrity Program [Corrosion and Mechanics of
Steam Generator Tube Steam Generator Tube Integrity Program Capabilities Materials Testing Environmentally Assisted Cracking (EAC) of Reactor Materials Corrosion Performance/Metal Dusting Overview Light Water Reactors Fatigue Testing of Carbon Steels and Low-Alloy Steels Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Ni-Base Alloys Irradiation-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels Steam Generator Tube Integrity Program Air Oxidation Kinetics for Zr-based Alloys Fossil Energy Fusion Energy Metal Dusting Publications List Irradiated Materials Steam Generator Tube Integrity Other Facilities Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr Corrosion and Mechanics of Materials Light Water Reactors Bookmark and Share
Installer Issues: Integrating Distributed Wind into Local Communities (Presentation)
A presentation for the WindPower 2006 Conference in Pittsburgh, PA, regarding the issues facing installer of small wind electric systems.
Green, J.
Technical Cross-Cutting Issues for the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative's Spent Fuel Nondestructive Assay Project
Ever since there has been spent fuel (SF), researchers have made nondestructive assay (NDA) measurements of that fuel to learn about its content. In general these measurements have focused on the simplest signatures (passive photon and total neutron emission) and the analysis has often focused on diversion detection and on determining properties such as burnup (BU) and cooling time (CT). Because of shortcomings in current analysis methods, inspectorates and policy makers are interested in improving the state-of-the-art in SF NDA. For this reason the U.S. Department of Energy, through the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI), targeted the determination of elemental Pu mass in SF as a technical goal. As part of this research effort, 14 nondestructive assay techniques were studied . This wide range of techniques was selected to allow flexibility for the various needs of the safeguards inspectorates and to prepare for the likely integration of one or more techniques having complementary features. In the course of researching this broad range of NDA techniques, several cross-cutting issues were. This paper will describe some common issues and insights. In particular we will describe the following: (1) the role of neutron absorbers with emphasis on how these absorbers vary in SF as a function of initial enrichment, BU and CT; (2) the need to partition the measured signal among different isotopic sources; and (3) the importance of the ōfirst generationö concept which indicates the spatial location from which the signal originates as well as the isotopic origins.
Tobin, S. J.; Menlove, H. O.; Swinhoe, Martyn T.; Blanc, P.; Burr, T.; Evans, L. G.; Favalli, A.; Fensin, M. L.; Freeman, C. R.; Galloway, J.; Gerhart, J.; Rajasingam, A.; Rauch, E.; Sandoval, N. P.; Trellue, H.; Ulrich, T. J.; Conlin, J. L.; Croft, S.; Hendricks, John; Henzl, V.; Henzlova, D.; Eigenbrodt, J. M.; Koehler, W. E.; Lee, D. W.; Lee, T. H.; Lafleur, A. M.; Schear, M. A.; Humphrey, M. A.; Smith, Leon E.; Anderson, Kevin K.; Campbell, Luke W.; Casella, Andrew M.; Gesh, Christopher J.; Shaver, Mark W.; Misner, Alex C.; Amber, S. D.; Ludewigt, Bernhard A.; Quiter, B.; Solodov, Alexander; Charlton, W.; Stafford, A.; Romano, C.; Cheatham, J.; Ehinger, Michael; Thompson, S. J.; Chichester, David; Sterbentz, James; Hu, Jianwei; Hunt, A.; Mozin, Vladimir V.; Richard, J. G.
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
California is on a path to increase utilization of renewable resources. California will need to integrate approximately 30,000 megawatts (MW) of new renewable generation in the next 20 years. Renewable resources are typically located in remote locations, not near the load centers. Nearly two/thirds or 20,000 MW of new renewable resources needed are likely to be delivered to Los Angeles Basin transmission gateways. Integration of renewable resources requires interconnection to the power grid, expansion of the transmission system capability between the backbone power grid and transmission gateways, and increase in delivery capacity from transmission gateways to the local load centers. To scope the transmission, operations, and reliability issues for renewables integration, this research focused on the Los Angeles Basin Area transmission gateways where most of new renewables are likely. Necessary actions for successful renewables integration include: (1) Expand Los Angeles Basin Area transmission gateway and nomogram limits by 10,000 to 20,000 MW; (2) Upgrade local transmission network for deliverability to load centers; (3) Secure additional storage, demand management, automatic load control, dynamic pricing, and other resources that meet regulation and ramping needed in real time operations; (4) Enhance local voltage support; and (5) Expand deliverability from Los Angeles to San Diego and Northern California.
Eto, Joseph; Budhraja, Vikram; Ballance, John; Dyer, Jim; Mobasheri, Fred; Eto, Joseph
Distributed Generation: Issues Concerning a Changing Power Grid Paradigm.
??Distributed generation is becoming increasingly prevalent on power grids around the world. Conventional designs and grid operations are not always sufficient for handling the implementationģ (more)
Therien, Scott G.M.
The importance of combined cycle generating plants in integrating large levels of wind power generation
Integration of high wind penetration levels will require fast-ramping combined cycle and steam cycles that, due to higher operating costs, will require proper pricing of ancillary services or other forms of compensation to remain viable. Several technical and policy recommendations are presented to help realign the generation mix to properly integrate the wind. (author)
Puga, J. Nicolas
Engineering Guide for Integration of Distributed Storage and Generation
This engineering guide for distributed storage and generation (DSG) is an update of a previous guide published by EPRI in 2004. It is intended for utility engineers facing integration of distributed generation and storage. The new guide considers higher penetration levels of DSG, particularly with the expansion of distribution connected photovoltaic power and the continued interest in distributed storage for grid support. Also, a distribution planning chapter for DSG has been added. Additional ...
Addressing System Integration Issues Required for the Developmente of Distributed Wind-Hydrogen Energy Systems: Final Report
Wind generated electricity is a variable resource. Hydrogen can be generated as an energy storage media, but is costly. Advancements in power electronics and system integration are needed to make a viable system. Therefore, the long-term goal of the efforts at the University of North Dakota is to merge wind energy, hydrogen production, and fuel cells to bring emission-free and reliable power to commercial viability. The primary goals include 1) expand system models as a tool to investigate integration and control issues, 2) examine long-term effects of wind-electrolysis performance from a systematic perspective, and 3) collaborate with NREL and industrial partners to design, integrate, and quantify system improvements by implementing a single power electronics package to interface wild AC to PEM stack DC requirements. This report summarizes the accomplishments made during this project.
Mann, M.D; Salehfar, H.; Harrison, K.W.; Dale, N.; Biaku, C.; Peters, A.J.; Hernandez-Pacheco: E.
Economical operation of thermal generating units integrated with smart houses
This paper presents an economic optimal operation strategy for thermal power generation units integrated with smart houses. With the increased competition in retail and power sector reasoned by the deregulation and liberalization of power market make ... Keywords: particle swarm optimization, renewable energy sources, smart grid, smart house, thermal unit commitment
Shantanu Chakraborty; Takayuki Ito; Tomonobu Senjyu
SARNET: Integrating Severe Accident Research in Europe - Safety Issues in the Source Term Area
SARNET (Severe Accident Research Network) is a Network of Excellence of the EU 6. Framework Programme that integrates in a sustainable manner the research capabilities of about fifty European organisations to resolve important remaining uncertainties and safety issues concerning existing and future nuclear plant, especially water-cooled reactors, under hypothetical severe accident conditions. It emphasises integrating activities, spreading of excellence (including knowledge transfer) and jointly-executed research. This paper summarises the main results obtained at the middle of the current 4-year term, highlighting those concerning radioactive release to the environment. Integration is pursued through different methods: the ASTEC integral computer code for severe accident modelling, development of PSA level 2 methods, a means for definition, updating and resolution of safety issues, and development of a web database for storing experimental results. These activities are helped by an evolving Advanced Communication Tool, easing communication amongst partners. Concerning spreading of excellence, educational courses covering severe accident analysis methodology and level 2 PSA have been organised for early 2006. A text book on Severe Accident Phenomenology is being written. A mobility programme for students and young researchers has started. Results are disseminated mainly through open conference proceedings, with journal publications planned. The 1. European Review Meeting on Severe Accidents in November 2005 covered SARNET activities during its first 18 months. Jointly executed research activities concern key issues grouped in the Corium, Containment and Source Term areas. In Source Term, behaviour of the highly radio-toxic ruthenium under oxidising conditions, including air ingress, is investigated. Models are proposed for fuel and ruthenium oxidation. Experiments on transport of oxide ruthenium species are performed. Reactor scenario studies assist in defining conditions for new experiments. Regarding predictability of iodine species exiting the Reactor Coolant System (RCS), which affects the amount entering the containment, iodine behaviour in the circuit and silver-indium-cadmium (SIC) release have been reviewed. New experiments are being discussed and performed, and SIC degradation and release models are being improved. For the radioactive aerosol source term, work is conducted in the risk-relevant areas of steam generator (SG) tube rupture, transport through cracks in containment walls and revaporization from previous deposits in the RCS that could lead to a delayed source term. Models for aerosol retention in containment cracks and interpretation of data on retention in the SG secondary side are proposed. For radioactive iodine release to the environment, many physical and chemical processes affect the iodine concentration in the containment atmosphere; of these effects, mass transfer phenomena and radiolytic oxidation are being investigated first. (authors)
Haste, T. [Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI (Switzerland); Giordano, P.; Micaelli, J.-C. [Institut de Radioprotection et de S et Nucl ire, IRSN, BP 3 13115 St Paul lez Durance Cedex (France); Herranz, L. [Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medio Ambientales y Tecnologica, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain)
Investigation of thermal storage and steam generator issues
A review and evaluation of steam generator and thermal storage tank designs for commercial nitrate salt technology showed that the potential exists to procure both on a competitive basis from a number of qualified vendors. The report outlines the criteria for review and the results of the review, which was intended only to assess the feasibility of each design, not to make a comparison or select the best concept.
Wind Energy Integration in New Zealand Issue 1, Final
The New Zealand energy sector continues to change, creating both challenges and opportunities. New wind generation proposals are being announced at an accelerating rate. As wind generation becomes an increasing part of the total generation mix, the intermittent nature of wind leads to new system management challenges and the possible need for paradigm changes in both expectations of developers and expectations of current industry participants. This publication helps us to look ahead and consider an electricity supply system with a different mix of generation. It is not intended to be conclusive, but provides some guidance at this early stage. It is a first step, with further work planned in a co-ordinated effort with the Electricity Commission, the System Operator (Transpower), and others. It is hoped that the contents will stimulate comment and discussion. You are encouraged to provide feedback on the documentÆs contents.
Albert De Geest; Liz Yeaman
Key computational modeling issues in Integrated Computational Materials Engineering
Designing materials for targeted performance requirements as required in Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) demands a combined strategy of bottom-up and top-down modeling and simulation which treats various levels of hierarchical material ... Keywords: Databases, ICME, Materials design, Multiscale modeling, Uncertainty
Jitesh H. Panchal; Surya R. Kalidindi; David L. Mcdowell
Steam generator tube integrity program: Phase II, Final report
The Steam Generator Tube Integrity Program (SGTIP) was a three phase program conducted for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The first phase involved burst and collapse testing of typical steam generator tubing with machined defects. The second phase of the SGTIP continued the integrity testing work of Phase I, but tube specimens were degraded by chemical means rather than machining methods. The third phase of the program used a removed-from-service steam generator as a test bed for investigating the reliability and effectiveness of in-service nondestructive eddy-current inspection methods and as a source of service degraded tubes for validating the Phase I and Phase II data on tube integrity. This report describes the results of Phase II of the SGTIP. The object of this effort included burst and collapse testing of chemically defected pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator tubing to validate empirical equations of remaining tube integrity developed during Phase I. Three types of defect geometries were investigated: stress corrosion cracking (SCC), uniform thinning and elliptical wastage. In addition, a review of the publicly available leak rate data for steam generator tubes with axial and circumferential SCC and a comparison with an analytical leak rate model is presented. Lastly, nondestructive eddy-current (EC) measurements to determine accuracy of defect depth sizing using conventional and alternate standards is described. To supplement the laboratory EC data and obtain an estimate of EC capability to detect and size SCC, a mini-round robin test utilizing several firms that routinely perform in-service inspections was conducted.
Kurtz, R.J.; Bickford, R.L.; Clark, R.A.; Morris, C.J.; Simonen, F.A.; Wheeler, K.R.
Generation and transmission expansion planning for renewable energy integration
In recent years the expansion planning problem has become increasingly complex. As expansion planning (sometimes called composite or integrated resource planning) is a non-linear and non-convex optimization problem, researchers have traditionally focused on approximate models of power flows to solve the problem. The problem has also been split into generation expansion planning (GEP) and transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) to improve computational tractability. Until recently these approximations have produced results that are straight-forward to combine and adapt to the more complex and complete problem. However, the power grid is evolving towards a state where the adaptations are no longer easy (e.g. large amounts of limited control, renewable generation, comparable generation and transmission construction costs) and necessitates new approaches. Recent work on deterministic Discrepancy Bounded Local Search (DBLS) has shown it to be quite effective in addressing the TNEP. In this paper, we propose a generalization of DBLS to handle simultaneous generation and transmission planning.
Bent, Russell W [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Berscheid, Alan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Toole, G. Loren [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Evaluation of Recent Trailer Contamination and Supersack Integrity Issues
During the period from fiscal year (FY) 2009 to FY 2011, there were a total of 21 incidents involving radioactively contaminated shipment trailers and 9 contaminated waste packages received at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site (RWMS). During this time period, the EnergySolutions (ES) Clive, Utah, disposal facility had a total of 18 similar incidents involving trailer and package contamination issues. As a result of the increased occurrence of such incidents, DOE Environmental Management Headquarters (EM/HQ) Waste Management organization (EM-30) requested that the Energy Facility ContractorsÆ Group (EFCOG) Waste Management Working Group (WMWG) conduct a detailed review of these incidents and report back to EM-30 regarding the results of this review, including providing any recommendations formulated as a result of the evaluation of current site practices involving handling and management of radioactive material and waste shipments.
Gordon, S.
Balancing Options for the Integration of Variable Generation
Significant Challenges There are significant operating challenges to integrate VG on a large scale due to VG ramping, uncertainty and production counter to demand Variability and uncertainty not new scale is increased with VG May need approx. 50 GW of Balancing Resources by 2030 potential resources may include (but not limited to): Demand Side Resources New gas turbines and Conventional Generation Energy Storage (non pumped hydro) Plug In Electric Vehicles Pumped Hydro Markets, VGPM and other enabling ...
DOE, NRC Issue Licensing Roadmap For Next-Generation Nuclear Plant |
DOE, NRC Issue Licensing Roadmap For Next-Generation Nuclear Plant DOE, NRC Issue Licensing Roadmap For Next-Generation Nuclear Plant DOE, NRC Issue Licensing Roadmap For Next-Generation Nuclear Plant August 15, 2008 - 3:15pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC -The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) today delivered to Congress the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Licensing Strategy Report which describes the licensing approach, the analytical tools, the research and development activities and the estimated resources required to license an advanced reactor design by 2017 and begin operation by 2021. The NGNP represents a new concept for nuclear energy utilization, in which a gas-cooled reactor provides process heat for any number of industrial applications including electricity production, hydrogen production, coal-to-liquids, shale oil
Optimal Solar PV Arrays Integration for Distributed Generation
Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems hold great potential for distributed energy generation by installing PV panels on rooftops of residential and commercial buildings. Yet challenges arise along with the variability and non-dispatchability of the PV systems that affect the stability of the grid and the economics of the PV system. This paper investigates the integration of PV arrays for distributed generation applications by identifying a combination of buildings that will maximize solar energy output and minimize system variability. Particularly, we propose mean-variance optimization models to choose suitable rooftops for PV integration based on Markowitz mean-variance portfolio selection model. We further introduce quantity and cardinality constraints to result in a mixed integer quadratic programming problem. Case studies based on real data are presented. An efficient frontier is obtained for sample data that allows decision makers to choose a desired solar energy generation level with a comfortable variability tolerance level. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to show the tradeoffs between solar PV energy generation potential and variability.
Omitaomu, Olufemi A [ORNL; Li, Xueping [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)
There is a recognized safeguards benefit from using process monitoring (PM) on nuclear facilities to complement nuclear materials accountancy. We introduce a model-based approach for PM in which the assessment regarding the state of the monitored system is conducted at a system-centric level. The proposed architecture integrates both time-driven and event-driven data integration and analysis for decision-making. While the time-driven layers of the proposed architecture encompass more traditional PM methods based on time series data and analysis, the event-driven layers encompass operation monitoring methods based on discrete event data integration and analysis. By integrating process- and operation-related information and methodologies within an unified modeling and monitoring framework that includes not only current but also past plant behaviors, the task of anomaly detection is greatly improved because this decision-making approach can benefit from not only known time-series relationships among measured signals but also from known event sequence relationships among generated events. Building from the proposed system-centric PM architecture, we briefly introduce methods that can be used to implement its different components. The application of the proposed approach is then demonstrated via simulation experiments.
Humberto E. Garcia; Wen-Chiao Lin; Tae-Sic Yoo
Integration of Variable Generation and Cost-Causation (Fact Sheet)
Variable renewable energy generation sources, such as wind and solar energy, provide benefits such as reduced environmental impact, zero fuel consumption, and low and stable costs. Advances in both technologies can reduce capital costs and provide significant control capabilities. However, their variability and uncertainty - which change with weather conditions, time of day, and season - can cause an increase in power system operating costs compared to a fully controllable power plant. Although a number of studies have assessed integration costs, calculating them correctly is challenging because it is difficult to accurately develop a baseline scenario without variable generation that properly accounts for the energy value. It is also difficult to appropriately allocate costs given the complex, nonlinear interactions between resources and loads.
Role of Electricity Markets and Market Design in Integrating Solar Generation: Solar Integration Series. 2 of 3 (Brochure)
The second out of a series of three fact sheets describing the role of electricity markets and market design in integrating solar generation.
International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing Special Issue on CIM Taxonomies
International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing Special Issue on CIM Taxonomies 1 May 22 on a common taxonomy about exception handling. The taxonomy described here is developed in the CIM┬ŁPLATO[1 oriented operations with interactive adjustment of operation sequences and parameters. CIM
Visser, Arnoud
International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing Special Issue on CIM Taxonomies 1 May 22 on a common taxonomy about exception handling. The taxonomy described here is developed in the CIM-PLATO[1 oriented operations with interactive adjustment of operation sequences and parameters. CIM
Power Quality Predictive Maintenance: Data Acquisition, Data Analysis, and Database Integration Issues
The ability to predict component failure in distribution systems by using power quality (PQ) monitoring systems makes these systems a useful tool in a Power Quality Predictive Maintenance (PQPM) program. This report investigates issues related to data acquisition, data analysis, and database integration efforts required for a PQPM system.
SunShot Initiative: Baseload CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based
CSP Generation CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage to someone by E-mail Share SunShot Initiative: Baseload CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage on Facebook Tweet about SunShot Initiative: Baseload CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage on Twitter Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Baseload CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage on Google Bookmark SunShot Initiative: Baseload CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage on Delicious Rank SunShot Initiative: Baseload CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage on Digg Find More places to share SunShot Initiative: Baseload CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage on
Roadmapping the Resolution of Gas Generation Issues in Packages Containing Radioactive Waste/Materials
Gas generation issues, particularly hydrogen, have been an area of concern for the transport and storage of radioactive materials and waste in the Department of Energy (DOE) complex. Potentially combustible gases can be generated through a variety of reactions, including chemical reactions and radiolytic decomposition of hydrogen-containing materials. Transportation regulations prohibit shipment of explosives and radioactive materials together. This paper discusses the major gas generation issues within the DOE Complex and the research that has been and is being conducted by the transuranic (TRU) waste, nuclear materials (NM), and spent nuclear fuels (SNF) programs within DOEÆs Environmental Management (EM) organization to address gas generation concerns. This paper presents a "program level" roadmap that links technology development to program needs and identifies the probability of success in an effort to understand the programmatic risk associated with the issue of gas generation. This "program level" roadmapping involves linking technology development (and deployment) efforts to the programsÆ needs and requirements for dispositioning the material/waste that generates combustible gas through radiolysis and chemical decomposition. The roadmapping effort focused on needed technical & programmatic support to the baselines (and to alternatives to the baselines) where the probability of success is low (i.e., high uncertainty) and the consequences of failure are relatively high (i.e., high programmatic risk). A second purpose for roadmapping was to provide the basis for coordinating sharing of "lessons learned" from research and development (R&D) efforts across DOE programs to increase efficiency and effectiveness in addressing gas generation issues.
Luke, Dale Elden; Rogers, Adam Zachary; Hamp, S.
Integration Issues of Cells into Battery Packs for Plug-in and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Preprint
The main barriers to increased market share of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and commercialization of plug-in HEVs are the cost, safety, and life of lithium ion batteries. Significant effort is being directed to address these issues for lithium ion cells. However, even the best cells may not perform as well when integrated into packs for vehicles because of the environment in which vehicles operate. This paper discusses mechanical, electrical, and thermal integration issues and vehicle interface issues that could impact the cost, life, and safety of the system. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of using many small cells versus a few large cells and using prismatic cells versus cylindrical cells.
Pesaran, A. A.; Kim, G. H.; Keyser, M.
Private-sector power generation in Thailand: potential, impediments, and policy issues. Final report
The Royal Thai Government (RTG) is exploring ways of involving the private sector in electricity generation. The study: (1) assesses the sector's potential for non-utility power generation, including such options as industrial cogeneration, agricultural-waste-based energy systems, and large-scale systems using domestic fossil fuels; (2) reviews existing power-sector institutions in Thailand and analyzes the major issues and impediments associated with private-sector power generation; and (3) based on U.S. experience, describes possible approaches to establishing the price of non-utility electricity.
An integrated system to utilize the waste coal mine methane (CMM) at the Federal No. 2 Coal Mine in West Virginia was designed and built. The system includes power generation, using internal combustion engines, along with gas processing equipment to upgrade sub-quality waste methane to pipeline quality standards. The power generation has a nominal capacity of 1,200 kw and the gas processing system can treat about 1 million cubic feet per day (1 MMCFD) of gas. The gas processing is based on the Northwest Fuel Development, Inc. (NW Fuel) proprietary continuous pressure swing adsorption (CPSA) process that can remove nitrogen from CMM streams. The two major components of the integrated system are synergistic. The byproduct gas stream from the gas processing equipment can be used as fuel for the power generating equipment. In return, the power generating equipment provides the nominal power requirements of the gas processing equipment. This Phase III effort followed Phase I, which was comprised of a feasibility study for the project, and Phase II, where the final design for the commercial-scale demonstration was completed. The fact that NW Fuel is desirous of continuing to operate the equipment on a commercial basis provides the validation for having advanced the project through all of these phases. The limitation experienced by the project during Phase III was that the CMM available to operate the CPSA system on a commercial basis was not of sufficiently high quality. NW Fuel's CPSA process is limited in its applicability, requiring a relatively high quality of gas as the feed to the process. The CPSA process was demonstrated during Phase III for a limited time, during which the processing capabilities met the expected results, but the process was never capable of providing pipeline quality gas from the available low quality CMM. The NW Fuel CPSA process is a low-cost ''polishing unit'' capable of removing a few percent nitrogen. It was never intended to process CMM streams containing high levels of nitrogen, as is now the case at the Federal No.2 Mine. Even lacking the CPSA pipeline delivery demonstration, the project was successful in laying the groundwork for future commercial applications of the integrated system. This operation can still provide a guide for other coal mines which need options for utilization of their methane resources. The designed system can be used as a complete template, or individual components of the system can be segregated and utilized separately at other mines. The use of the CMM not only provides an energy fuel from an otherwise wasted resource, but it also yields an environmental benefit by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The methane has twenty times the greenhouse effect as compared to carbon dioxide, which the combustion of the methane generates. The net greenhouse gas emission mitigation is substantial.
Peet M. Soot; Dale R. Jesse; Michael E. Smith
Planning for Variable Generation Integration through Balancing Authorities Consolidation
As more and more variable generation is integrated into power grids, many challenges and concerns arise for an individual balancing authority (BA) to balance the system with limited resources. Consolidating balancing authorities provides a promising method to mitigate these problems by enabling the sharing of resources through operating different BAs as a single BA. The diversity in load and renewable generation over a wide area can be effectively leveraged, which makes it possible to achieve significant savings in balancing requirements. This paper develops a detailed procedure to compute savings in load following and regulation service requirements due to BAs consolidation. It proposes several evaluation metrics for demonstrating the benefits of BA consolidation. Several study scenarios are designed for a set of BAs in the western United States to test the proposed procedure. Results have shown significant savings in the capacity, ramp rate, and energy of balancing service requirements. Important factors affecting the savings, such as forecast accuracy and cross correlation between forecast errors, are also discussed.
Diao, Ruisheng; Samaan, Nader A.; Makarov, Yuri V.; Hafen, Ryan P.; Ma, Jian
Use of Frequency Response Metrics to Assess the Planning and Operating Requirements for Reliable Integration of Variable Renewable Generation
Integration of Variable Renewable Generation The report isISO (CAISO). 2007. Integration of Renewable Resources.recommendations for integrating renewable resources on the
Eto, Joseph H.
Next Generation Integrated Environment for Collaborative Work Across Internets
We are now well-advanced in our development, prototyping and deployment of a high performance next generation Integrated Environment for Collaborative Work. The system, aimed at using the capability of ESnet and Internet2 for rapid data exchange, is based on the Virtual Room Videoconferencing System (VRVS) developed by Caltech. The VRVS system has been chosen by the Internet2 Digital Video (I2-DV) Initiative as a preferred foundation for the development of advanced video, audio and multimedia collaborative applications by the Internet2 community. Today, the system supports high-end, broadcast-quality interactivity, while enabling a wide variety of clients (Mbone, H.323) to participate in the same conference by running different standard protocols in different contexts with different bandwidth connection limitations, has a fully Web-integrated user interface, developers and administrative APIs, a widely scalable video network topology based on both multicast domains and unicast tunnels, and demonstrated multiplatform support. This has led to its rapidly expanding production use for national and international scientific collaborations in more than 60 countries. We are also in the process of creating a 'testbed video network' and developing the necessary middleware to support a set of new and essential requirements for rapid data exchange, and a high level of interactivity in large-scale scientific collaborations. These include a set of tunable, scalable differentiated network services adapted to each of the data streams associated with a large number of collaborative sessions, policy-based and network state-based resource scheduling, authentication, and optional encryption to maintain confidentiality of inter-personal communications. High performance testbed video networks will be established in ESnet and Internet2 to test and tune the implementation, using a few target application-sets.
Harvey B. Newman
Abstract --The paper discusses issues related to integration of substation IED data. The approach to discussion is based on the
) is a Senior Consulting Engineer in the Substation Projects Division of the Substation Operations DepartmentAbstract -- The paper discusses issues related to integration of substation IED data. The approach to discussion is based on the purpose of integrating substation data and how the integrated data can be used
Kezunovic, Mladen
MINT: a Computer Program for Adaptive Monte Carlo Integration and Generation of Unweighted Distributions
In this note I illustrate the program MINT, a FORTRAN program for Monte Carlo adaptive integration and generation of unweighted distributions.
Nason, P
P. Nason
Integration of induction generator dynamics in multimachine system transient analysis
The impact of electrical transients of asynchronous wind generators on the synchronous generators is often ignored to keep the analysis of multimachine systems simple. A steady drift of slip from the nominal value, while of no consequence from power ... Keywords: dynamic modeling of wind systems, induction generator, power system, wind generation
A. H. M. A. Rahim; E. P. Nowicki
Plenary lecture VIII: a survey of some automotive integrated-starter-generators and their control
Integrated starter generator (ISG) uses one machine to replace conventional starter and alternator onboard vehicles and provides greater electrical generation capacity and improves the fuel economy and emissions. The main requirements of the ISG control ...
Dorin Dumitru Lucache
Integrating a differential evolution feature weighting scheme into prototype generation
Prototype generation techniques have arisen as very competitive methods for enhancing the nearest neighbor classifier through data reduction. Within the prototype generation methodology, the methods of adjusting the prototypes' positioning have shown ... Keywords: Classification, Differential evolution, Feature weighting, Nearest neighbor, Prototype generation, Prototype selection
Isaac Triguero; JoaquĒN Derrac; Salvador GarcĒA; Francisco Herrera
Automated Integration of Substation IED Data to Generate Event Reports for Protection Engineers
by EPRI through project titled "Multiple Uses of Substation Data", Paul Myrda - project manager. #12;TABLEAutomated Integration of Substation IED Data to Generate Event Reports for Protection Engineers for automated integration of substation Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) data to generate a customized event
Cost-Causation and Integration Cost Analysis for Variable Generation
This report examines how wind and solar integration studies have evolved, what analysis techniques work, what common mistakes are still made, what improvements are likely to be made in the near future, and why calculating integration costs is such a difficult problem and should be undertaken carefully, if at all.
Milligan, M.; Ela, E.; Hodge, B. M.; Kirby, B.; Lew, D.; Clark, C.; DeCesaro, J.; Lynn, K.
DeCesaro, Kevin Lynn United States Department of Energy Introduction Wind and solar power generation are prized for their environmental benefits, their low and stable...
Integrative Power Supply Solution for Future Generation Vehicles.
?? Abstract: How to secure the power supply for future generation vehicles is an open question. This thesis uses Web-HIPRE as a tool of Decisionģ (more)
Zhou, Qinsheng
Enhancing the Smart Grid: Integrating Clean Distributed and Renewable Generation
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Imagine a grid where utilities and consumers work together to alleviate congestion and meet growing energy demands. RDSI is working to facilitate this reality by focusing on the integration of on...
Performance Criteria and Test Plans for Grid Integration of Renewable Generation
Distribution utilities are expected to face challenges in the grid integration of renewable generation as relative numbers and penetration levels increase. This report describes the ongoing development of performance criteria, test protocols and facilities to support the smooth integration of distributed generation (DG). It is specifically aimed at requirements for relatively high penetration of distributed generation, with emphasis on inverters as the primary interfacing device. Brief discussions of exi...
Preface to ISIF 2009 special issue of Journal of Applied Physics : science and technology of integrated functionalities.
The science and technology of ferroelectric thin films and their applications have attracted many researchers and experienced tremendous progress in the past 20 years. The recent worldwide increase in commercial applications of ferroelectric devices such as smart cards based on nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories is a symbol of both the maturity and the acceptance of the technology. The 21st International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics (ISIF 2009), held on September 22 to October 2, 2009 in Colorado Springs, CO, provided a forum for the academic and national laboratories research community and industry to present and share their new findings, achievements, and opinions on integrated ferroelectrics and their applications. The International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics hosted the ISIF 2009. This was the first year where the ISIF held the conference in its new format under the name of International Symposium on Integrated Functionalities. The General Chairs of the ISIF in consultation with the Advisory Board and the ISIF community decided to revise the focus of the conference in order to broaden the scope to the science and technology of multifunctional materials and devices. This decision was taken in view that a new paradigm in materials, materials integration, and devices is emerging with a view to the development of a new generation of micro- and nanoscale multifunctional devices. The program included three plenary presentations on diverse topics such as 'The Role of Nonvolatile Memory in Ubiquitous Computing,' 'Ferroelectrics and High Density Memory Technology,' 'Nanoscale Ferroelectrics and Interfaces: Size Effects,' four tutorial lectures on diverse topics, such as 'Magnetic Memory Applications,' 'Ferroelectrics and Ferroelectric Devices,' 'Challenges for High-K Dielectrics on High Mobility Channels,' 'Solar Cell Materials,' one poster session, and eight oral sessions. Thanks to the great efforts made by the ISIF organization committee and the session chairs, the conference successfully achieved its objectives and the work presented reflected very well the most recent advances of integrated ferroelectrics and their applications, as well as advances in other areas related to the new theme of Integrated Functionalities. Many aspects of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, high-K dielectric, magnetic, and phase change materials, including the science and technology of these materials in thin film form, integration with other thin film materials (metals or oxide electrodes), and fabrication of micro- and nanostructures based on these heterostructure layers, and device architecture and physics, were addressed from the experimental point of view. Work on theory and computer simulations of the mentioned materials and devices were discussed also with a view to the promising applications to multifunctional devices. In addition, the ISIF 2009 featured discussions of alternative nonvolatile memory concepts and materials, such as phase change memories, research on multiferroics and magnetoelectric materials, ferroelectric photovoltaics, and new directions on the science of perovskites such as biomolecular/polarizable interfaces, and bio-ferroelectric and other oxide interfaces. Following the standard submission and peer review process of Journal of Applied Physics, the selected papers presented in ISIF 2009 in Colorado Springs are published in this special issue. We believe that the papers in this special issue represent the forefront contributions to ISIF 2009 in the various areas of fundamental and applied science of integrated ferroelectrics and functionalities and their applications. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the following organizations and companies for their support and sponsorship for ISIF 2009, namely: Aixact Systems GMBH, Radiant Technologies, Symetrix Corporation, and Taylor and Francis Publishers. We would also like to thank the conference and session chairs, advisory and organizing committee members for their hard work that resulted in a very successful ISIF 2009, now in
Auciello, O.; Dey, S.; Paz de Araujo, C. (Center for Nanoscale Materials); ( MSD); (Arizona State Univ.); (Symetrix Corp.)
An integrated passive islanding detection method for distributed generators
This study proposes a new islanding detection method for use of grid-interconnected distributed generators (DG). The method is based on two indices: the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) and the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV). When a DG is grid-interconnected, ... Keywords: distributed generator, islanding detection, rate of change of frequency, rate of change of voltage
Wen-Yeau Chang; Hong-Tzer Yang
Steam generator tube integrity program. Semiannual report, August 1995--March 1996
This report summarizes work performed by Argonne National Laboratory on the Steam Generator Tube Integrity Program from the inception of that program in August 1995 through March 1996. The program is divided into five tasks, namely (1) Assessment of Inspection Reliability, (2) Research on ISI (in-service-inspection) Technology, (3) Research on Degradation Modes and Integrity, (4) Development of Methodology and Technical Requirements for Current and Emerging Regulatory Issues, and (5) Program Management. Under Task 1, progress is reported on the preparation of and evaluation of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for inspecting a mock-up steam generator for round-robin testing, the development of better ways to correlate burst pressure and leak rate with eddy current (EC) signals, the inspection of sleeved tubes, workshop and training activities, and the evaluation of emerging NDE technology. Under Task 2, results are reported on closed-form solutions and finite element electromagnetic modeling of EC probe response for various probe designs and flaw characteristics. Under Task 3, facilities are being designed and built for the production of cracked tubes under aggressive and near-prototypical conditions and for the testing of flawed and unflawed tubes under normal operating, accident, and severe accident conditions. In addition, crack behavior and stability are being modeled to provide guidance on test facility design, to develop an improved understanding of the expected rupture behavior of tubes with circumferential cracks, and to predict the behavior of flawed and unflawed tubes under severe accident conditions. Task 4 is concerned with the cracking and failure of tubes that have been repaired by sleeving, and with a review of literature on this subject.
Diercks, D.R.; Bakhtiari, S.; Chopra, O.K. [and others
Integration of decentralized generators with the electric power grid
This report develops a new methodology for studying the economic interaction of customer-owned electrical generators with the central electric power grid. The purpose of the report is to study the reciprocal effects of the ...
Finger, Susan
This report provides a condensed, public-domain reference for current cost, performance, and technology status data for eight central-station power generation technologies. In this report, central station is defined as >100 MW with the exception of some renewable-resource-based technologies. In addition to fossil- and nuclear-based technologies, four renewable-resource-based technologies are included. This report addresses the principal technology options for utility-scale power generation.
Data Integration for the Generation of High Resolution Reservoir Models
The goal of this three-year project was to develop a theoretical basis and practical technology for the integration of geologic, production and time-lapse seismic data in a way that makes best use of the information for reservoir description and reservoir performance predictions. The methodology and practical tools for data integration that were developed in this research project have been incorporated into computational algorithms that are feasible for large scale reservoir simulation models. As the integration of production and seismic data require calibrating geological/geostatistical models to these data sets, the main computational tool is an automatic history matching algorithm. The following specific goals were accomplished during this research. (1) We developed algorithms for calibrating the location of the boundaries of geologic facies and the distribution of rock properties so that production and time-lapse seismic data are honored. (2) We developed and implemented specific procedures for conditioning reservoir models to time-lapse seismic data. (3) We developed and implemented algorithms for the characterization of measurement errors which are needed to determine the relative weights of data when conditioning reservoir models to production and time-lapse seismic data by automatic history matching. (4) We developed and implemented algorithms for the adjustment of relative permeability curves during the history matching process. (5) We developed algorithms for production optimization which accounts for geological uncertainty within the context of closed-loop reservoir management. (6) To ensure the research results will lead to practical public tools for independent oil companies, as part of the project we built a graphical user interface for the reservoir simulator and history matching software using Visual Basic.
Albert Reynolds; Dean Oliver; Gaoming Li; Yong Zhao; Chaohui Che; Kai Zhang; Yannong Dong; Chinedu Abgalaka; Mei Han
Advanced Planning Method for Integrating Large-Scale Variable Generation
As the penetration and size of renewable generation resources increase, the industry must expand transmission infrastructure to accommodate increasing renewable resource output. Conventional transmission expansion planning requires sufficient transmission capacities to transfer the full name plate capacity of all power plants to load centers at the same time. However, renewable resources, such as wind and solar, have highly variable output and are spatially diversified. Thus, transmission expansion plann...
Rail gun powered by an integral explosive generator
We propose the use of a rail gun powered by an explosive magnetic flux compression generator built into the rail gun itself in which the rails of the gun are driven together behind the projectile by explosives. The magnetic field established between the rails by an initial current supplied by an external source at the breech of the gun is trapped and compressed by the collapsing rails to accelerate the projectile down the bore of the gun.
Peterson, D.R.; Fowler, C.M.
Program on Technology Innovation: Integrated Generation Technology Options 2012
This report provides a condensed, public-domain reference for 2012 cost, performance, and technology status data for 10 central-station power-generation technologies, including fossil-, nuclear-, and renewable resource¢based technologies. In this report, central station is defined as > 100 MW with the exception of some renewable resource¢based technologies. This report addresses the principal technology options for utility-scale power ...
CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage General Atomics logo Graphic of a diagram of squares and circles connected by arrows. Sulfur-based TES can compensate for diurnal and seasonal insolation fluctuations. General Atomics, under the Baseload CSP FOA, is demonstrating the engineering feasibility of using a sulfur-based thermochemical cycle to store heat from a CSP plant and support baseload power generation. Approach There are three main project objectives under this award: Study the sulfur generating disproportionation reaction and develop it into a practical engineering process step. Carry out preliminary process components design and experimental validation. The engineering data will be used for process integration between the CSP plant, the sulfur processing and storage plant, and the electricity generation unit.
Integration of Variable Generation Forecasting into System Operations: Current Practices and Future Requirements
This project update provides the first output of the EPRI Bulk Renewable Integration Program Project P173-010, ōIntegration of Variable Generation Forecasts into System Operations.ö This project, begun in 2013, aims to improve existing methods utilities/independent system operators (ISOs) use to integrate forecasts into system operations and develop new methods. This yearÆs goal was to identify current practices and future requirements. This was done by interacting with a wide ...
Hydrogen generation utilizing integrated CO2 removal with steam reforming
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A steam reformer may comprise fluid inlet and outlet connections and have a substantially cylindrical geometry divided into reforming segments and reforming compartments extending longitudinally within the reformer, each being in fluid communication. With the fluid inlets and outlets. Further, methods for generating hydrogen may comprise steam reformation and material adsorption in one operation followed by regeneration of adsorbers in another operation. Cathode off-gas from a fuel cell may be used to regenerate and sweep the adsorbers, and the operations may cycle among a plurality of adsorption enhanced reformers to provide a continuous flow of hydrogen.
Duraiswamy, Kandaswamy; Chellappa, Anand S
Message passing for integrating and assessing renewable generation in a redundant power grid
A simplified model of a redundant power grid is used to study integration of fluctuating renewable generation. The grid consists of large number of generator and consumer nodes. The net power consumption is determined by the difference between the gross consumption and the level of renewable generation. The gross consumption is drawn from a narrow distribution representing the predictability of aggregated loads, and we consider two different distributions representing wind and solar resources. Each generator is connected to D consumers, and redundancy is built in by connecting R {le} D of these consumers to other generators. The lines are switchable so that at any instance each consumer is connected to a single generator. We explore the capacity of the renewable generation by determining the level of 'firm' generation capacity that can be displaced for different levels of redundancy R. We also develop message-passing control algorithm for finding switch sellings where no generator is overloaded.
Zdeborova, Lenka [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Backhaus, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Chertkov, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Message Passing for Integrating and Assessing Renewable Generation in a Redundant Power Grid
A simplified model of a redundant power grid is used to study integration of fluctuating renewable generation. The grid consists of large number of generator and consumer nodes. The net power consumption is determined by the difference between the gross consumption and the level of renewable generation. The gross consumption is drawn from a narrow distribution representing the predictability of aggregated loads, and we consider two different distributions representing wind and solar resources. Each generator is connected to D consumers, and redundancy is built in by connecting R of these consumers to other generators. The lines are switchable so that at any instance each consumer is connected to a single generator. We explore the capacity of the renewable generation by determining the level of "firm" generation capacity that can be displaced for different levels of redundancy R. We also develop message-passing control algorithm for finding switch settings where no generator is overloaded.
Zdeborovß, Lenka; Chertkov, Michael
The integrated design of a permanent-magnet generator for small wind energy conversion system
This paper presents the integrated design, analysis and performance test of a 1.4 kW, radial-flux, permanent-magnet generator applied to small wind energy conversion system (WECS). In a small WECS, the three major components, i.e., turbine, generator ...
Min-Fu Hsieh; Yu-Han Yeh
Demand Response and Variable Generation Integration Scoping Study
Market and Policy Barriers for Demand Market and Policy Barriers for Demand Response Providing Ancillary Services in U.S. Electricity Markets Peter Cappers, Jason MacDonald, Charles Goldman April 2013 Report Summary 1 Energy Analysis Department 'é¦ Electricity Markets and Policy Group Presentation Overview 'é¦ Objectives and Approach 'é¦ Wholesale and Retail Market Environments 'é¦ Market and Policy Barrier Typology 'é¦ Prototypical Regional Barrier Assessment 2 Energy Analysis Department 'é¦ Electricity Markets and Policy Group A Role for Demand Response to Provide Ancillary Services 'é¦ Increasing penetration of renewable energy generation in U.S. electricity markets means that bulk power system operators will need to manage the variable and uncertain nature of many renewable resources
Roadmapping the Resolution of Gas Generation Issues in Packages Containing Radioactive Waste/Materials - A Status Report
Gas generation issues, particularly hydrogen, have been an area of concern for the transport and storage of radioactive materials and waste in the Department of Energy (DOE) Complex. Potentially combustible gases can be generated through a variety of reactions, including chemical reactions and radiolytic decomposition of hydrogen-containing material. Since transportation regulations prohibit shipment of explosives and radioactive materials together, it was decided that hydrogen generation was a problem that warranted the execution of a high-level roadmapping effort. This paper discusses the major gas generation issues within the DOE Complex and the research that has been and is being conducted by the transuranic (TRU) waste, nuclear materials, and spent nuclear fuels (SNF) programs within DOE's Environmental Management (EM) organizations to address gas generation concerns. This paper presents a ''program level'' roadmap that links technology development to program needs and identifies the probability of success in an effort to understand the programmatic risk associated with the issue of gas generation. This paper also presents the status of the roadmap and follow-up activities.
Luke, D.E. (INEEL); Hamp, S. (DOE-Albuquerque Operations Office)
Gas generation issues, particularly hydrogen, have been an area of concern for the transport and storage of radioactive materials and waste in the Department of Energy (DOE) Complex. Potentially combustible gases can be generated through a variety of reactions, including chemical reactions and radiolytic decomposition of hydrogen- containing material. Since transportation regulations prohibit shipment of explosives and radioactive materials together, it was decided that hydrogen generation was a problem that warranted the execution of a high-level roadmapping effort. This paper discusses the major gas generation issues within the DOE Complex and the research that has been and is being conducted by the transuranic (TRU) waste, nuclear materials, and spent nuclear fuels (SNF) programs within DOEÆs Environmental Management (EM) organizations to address gas generation concerns. This paper presents a "program level" roadmap that links technology development to program needs and identifies the probability of success in an effort to understand the programmatic risk associated with the issue of gas generation. This paper also presents the status of the roadmap and follow-up activities.
Luke, Dale Elden; Hamp, S.
Shale-Gas Experience as an Analog for Potential Wellbore Integrity Issues in CO2 Sequestration
Shale-gas development in Pennsylvania since 2003 has resulted in about 19 documented cases of methane migration from the deep subsurface (7,0000) to drinking water aquifers, soils, domestic water wells, and buildings, including one explosion. In all documented cases, the methane leakage was due to inadequate wellbore integrity, possibly aggravated by hydrofracking. The leakage of methane is instructive on the potential for CO{sub 2} leakage from sequestration operations. Although there are important differences between the two systems, both involve migrating, buoyant gas with wells being a primary leakage pathway. The shale-gas experience demonstrates that gas migration from faulty wells can be rapid and can have significant impacts on water quality and human health and safety. Approximately 1.4% of the 2,200 wells drilled into Pennsylvania's Marcellus Formation for shale gas have been implicated in methane leakage. These have resulted in damage to over 30 domestic water supplies and have required significant remediation via well repair and homeowner compensation. The majority of the wellbore integrity problems are a result of over-pressurization of the wells, meaning that high-pressure gas has migrated into an improperly protected wellbore annulus. The pressurized gas leaks from the wellbore into the shallow subsurface, contaminating drinking water or entering structures. The effects are localized to a few thousands of feet to perhaps two-three miles. The degree of mixing between the drinking water and methane is sufficient that significant chemical impacts are created in terms of elevated Fe and Mn and the formation of black precipitates (metal sulfides) as well as effervescing in tap water. Thus it appears likely that leaking CO{sub 2} could also result in deteriorated water quality by a similar mixing process. The problems in Pennsylvania highlight the critical importance of obtaining background data on water quality as well as on problems associated with previous (legacy) oil and gas operations. The great majority of the leakage issues in Pennsylvania are due to improperly abandoned wells, however in the media there is no clear distinction between past and present problems. In any case, significant analytical work is required to attribute differing sources of methane (or CO{sub 2} in the case of sequestration). In Pennsylvania, a relatively lax regulatory environment appears to have contributed to the problem with inadequate oversight of well design and testing to ensure well integrity. New rules were adopted at the end of 2010, and it will be interesting to observe whether methane leakage problems are significantly reduced.
Carey, James W. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Simpson, Wendy S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ziock, Hans-Joachim [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Integration of Advanced Emissions Controls to Produce Next-Generation Circulating Fluid Bed Coal Generating Unit (withdrawn prior to award)
contacts contacts Brad tomer Director Office of Major Demonstrations National Energy Technology Laboratory 3610 Collins Ferry Road P.O. Box 880 Morgantown, WV 26507-0880 304-285-4692 email@example.com PaRtIcIPant Colorado Springs Utilities Colorado Springs, CO aDDItIonaL tEaM MEMBERs Foster Wheeler Power Group, Inc. Clinton, NJ IntegratIon of advanced emIssIons controls to Produce next-generatIon cIrculatIng fluId Bed coal generatIng unIt (wIthdrawn PrIor to award) Project Description Colorado Springs Utilities (Springs Utilities) and Foster Wheeler are planning a joint demonstration of an advanced coal-fired electric power plant using advanced, low-cost emission control systems to produce exceedingly low emissions. Multi- layered emission controls will be
Integration of Ion Transport Membrane Technology with Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems
EPRI, in conjunction with Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (AP), has reviewed the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) process, whereby coal (or some other hydrocarbon such as petroleum coke or heavy oil) is broken down into its constituent volatile and nonvolatile components through the process of oxidative-pyrolysis. Combustible synthetic gas created in the process can be used in a traditional combined cycle. IGCC is particularly appealing for its potentially higher efficiencies compared ...
Jupiter Oxy-combustion and Integrated Pollutant Removal for the Existing Coal Fired Power Generation Fleet
Jupiter Oxy-combustion and Integrated Jupiter Oxy-combustion and Integrated Pollutant Removal for the Existing Coal Fired Power Generation Fleet Background The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy/National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) Existing Plants, Emissions & Capture (EPEC) Research & Development (R&D) Program is to develop innovative environmental control technologies to enable full use of the nation's vast coal reserves, while at the same time allowing the current fleet of
Issues and methods in incorporating environmental externalities into the integrated resource planning process
This report is a review of current practices and policies in considering environmental externalities in the integrated resource planning and performance based regulation (IRP/PBR) process. The following issues are presented and examined: What are the pros and cons of treating environmental externalities in the IRP process? How are potential future environmental regulations being treated? Are externalities being qualitatively or quantitatively considered, or monetized? Are offsets being allowed? How are externality policies being coordinated among different levels and branches of governments? Should environmental externalities be considered in dispatching a utility`s existing resources? What are the procedures for addressing uncertainty in incorporating environmental externalities into IRP? How are externalities valued? What are other approaches to addressing environmental externalities. This report describes seven major approaches for addressing environmental externalities in the IRP process: qualitative treatment, weighting and ranking, cost of control, damage function, percentage adders, monetization by emission, and multiattribute trade-off analysis. The discussion includes a taxonomy of the full range of alternative methods for addressing environmental externalities, a summary of state PUC actions, the role of state laws, the debate on environmental adders, and the choice of methodologies. In addition, this report characterizes the interests of stakeholders such as the electric industry, fuel suppliers, energy consumers, governmental agencies, public interest groups, consultants, and others. It appears that the views, positions, and interests of these stakeholders are affected by their perceptions of the potential impacts on their economic interests or the viability of their position on environmental policy, by the societal perspective they take, and by the orientation of the analysts toward market competition and their respective accumulated expertise.
Fang, J.M.; Galen, P.S.
Multiple Timescale Dispatch and Scheduling for Stochastic Reliability in Smart Grids with Wind Generation Integration
Integrating volatile renewable energy resources into the bulk power grid is challenging, due to the reliability requirement that at each instant the load and generation in the system remain balanced. In this study, we tackle this challenge for smart grid with integrated wind generation, by leveraging multi-timescale dispatch and scheduling. Specifically, we consider smart grids with two classes of energy users - traditional energy users and opportunistic energy users (e.g., smart meters or smart appliances), and investigate pricing and dispatch at two timescales, via day-ahead scheduling and realtime scheduling. In day-ahead scheduling, with the statistical information on wind generation and energy demands, we characterize the optimal procurement of the energy supply and the day-ahead retail price for the traditional energy users; in realtime scheduling, with the realization of wind generation and the load of traditional energy users, we optimize real-time prices to manage the opportunistic energy users so as...
He, Miao; Zhang, Junshan
Systematic method of generating new integrable systems via inverse Miura maps
We provide a new natural interpretation of the Lax representation for an integrable system; that is, the spectral problem is the linearized form of a Miura transformation between the original system and a modified version of it. On the basis of this interpretation, we formulate a systematic method of identifying modified integrable systems that can be mapped to a given integrable system by Miura transformations. Thus, this method can be used to generate new integrable systems from known systems through inverse Miura maps; it can be applied to both continuous and discrete systems in 1 + 1 dimensions as well as in 2 + 1 dimensions. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated using examples such as the nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) system, the Zakharov-Ito system (two-component KdV), the three-wave interaction system, the Yajima-Oikawa system, the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice (integrable space-discrete NLS), and two (2 + 1)-dimensional NLS systems.
Tsuchida, Takayuki [Okayama Institute for Quantum Physics, Kyoyama 1-9-1, Okayama 700-0015 (Japan)
Assessment of the SRI Gasification Process for Syngas Generation with HTGR Integration -- White Paper
This white paper is intended to compare the technical and economic feasibility of syngas generation using the SRI gasification process coupled to several high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) with more traditional HTGR-integrated syngas generation techniques, including: (1) Gasification with high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE); (2) Steam methane reforming (SMR); and (3) Gasification with SMR with and without CO2 sequestration.
A.M. Gandrik
IEA Wind Task 24 Integration of Wind and Hydropower Systems; Volume 1: Issues, Impacts, and Economics of Wind and Hydropower Integration
This report describes the background, concepts, issues and conclusions related to the feasibility of integrating wind and hydropower, as investigated by the members of IEA Wind Task 24. It is the result of a four-year effort involving seven IEA member countries and thirteen participating organizations. The companion report, Volume 2, describes in detail the study methodologies and participant case studies, and exists as a reference for this report.
Acker, T.
Small Gas Turbines for Distributed Generation Markets: Technology, Products, and Business Issues
Small gas turbines (300 kW to 5 MW) offer an attractive way for utilities and energy service companies to generate electric power within distribution grids and for consumers to generate their own power. Distributed generation also benefits utilities by deferring or avoiding costly expansion of the power transmission and distribution system, which could allow them to offer customers lower cost power. Gas turbines process more power-generation cycle air per unit size and weight of machine than do reciproca...
Preliminary issues associated with the next generation nuclear plant intermediate heat exchanger design.
The Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP), which is an advanced high temperature gas reactor (HTGR) concept with emphasis on production of both electricity and hydrogen, involves helium as the coolant and a closed-cycle gas turbine for power generation with a core outlet/gas turbine inlet temperature of 900-1000 C. In the indirect cycle system, an intermediate heat exchanger is used to transfer the heat from primary helium from the core to the secondary fluid, which can be helium, nitrogen/helium mixture, or a molten salt. The system concept for the vary high temperature reactor (VHTR) can be a reactor based on the prismatic block of the GT-MHR developed by a consortium led by General Atomics in the U.S. or based on the PBMR design developed by ESKOM of South Africa and British Nuclear Fuels of U.K. This report has made a preliminary assessment on the issues pertaining to the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) for the NGNP. Two IHX designs namely, shell and tube and compact heat exchangers were considered in the assessment. Printed circuit heat exchanger, among various compact heat exchanger (HX) designs, was selected for the analysis. Irrespective of the design, the material considerations for the construction of the HX are essentially similar, except may be in the fabrication of the units. As a result, we have reviewed in detail the available information on material property data relevant for the construction of HX and made a preliminary assessment of several relevant factors to make a judicious selection of the material for the IHX. The assessment included four primary candidate alloys namely, Alloy 617 (UNS N06617), Alloy 230 (UNS N06230), Alloy 800H (UNS N08810), and Alloy X (UNS N06002) for the IHX. Some of the factors addressed in this report are the tensile, creep, fatigue, creep fatigue, toughness properties for the candidate alloys, thermal aging effects on the mechanical properties, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code compliance information, and performance of the alloys in helium containing a wide range of impurity concentrations. A detailed thermal hydraulic analysis, using a model developed at ANL, was performed to calculate heat transfer, temperature distribution, and pressure drop inside both printed circuit and shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The analysis included evaluation of the role of key process parameters, geometrical factors in HX designs, and material properties. Calculations were performed for helium-to-helium, helium-to-helium/nitrogen, and helium-to-salt HXs. The IHX being a high temperature component, probably needs to be designed using ASME Code Section III, Subsection NH, assuming that the IHX will be classified as a class 1 component. With input from thermal hydraulic calculations performed at ANL, thermal conduction and stress analyses for both compact and shell-and-tube HXs were performed.
Natesan, K.; Moisseytsev, A.; Majumdar, S.; Shankar, P. S.; Nuclear Engineering Division
AnalysisĀofĀCaliforniaÆsĀElectricityĀSystem:Ā PreliminaryĀResultsĀforĀtheĀ2007ĀIntegratedĀEnergyĀPolicyĀ
Budhraja, Vikram
Modeling and Control System Design for an Integrated Solar Generation and Energy Storage System with a Ride-Through Capability: Preprint
This paper presents a generic approach for PV panel modeling. Data for this modeling can be easily obtained from manufacturer datasheet, which provides a convenient way for the researchers and engineers to investigate the PV integration issues. A two-stage power conversion system (PCS) is adopted in this paper for the PV generation system and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be connected to the dc-link through a bi-directional dc/dc converter. In this way, the BESS can provide some ancillary services which may be required in the high penetration PV generation scenario. In this paper, the fault ride-through (FRT) capability is specifically focused. The integrated BESS and PV generation system together with the associated control systems is modeled in PSCAD and Matlab platforms and the effectiveness of the controller is validated by the simulation results.
Wang, X.; Yue, M.; Muljadi, E.
Overview of Options to Integrate Stationary Power Generation from Fuel Cells with Hydrogen Demand for the Transportation Sector
Overview of Options to Integrate Stationary Overview of Options to Integrate Stationary Power Generation from Fuel Cells with Hydrogen Demand for the Transportation Sector Overview of Options to Integrate Stationary Overview of Options to Integrate Stationary Power Generation from Fuel Cells with Power Generation from Fuel Cells with Hydrogen Demand for the Transportation Hydrogen Demand for the Transportation Sector Sector Fred Joseck U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Transportation and Stationary Power Integration Workshop (TSPI) Transportation and Stationary Power Transportation and Stationary Power Integration Workshop (TSPI) Integration Workshop (TSPI) Phoenix, Arizona October 27, 2008 2 Why Integration? * Move away from conventional thinking...fuel and power generation/supply separate * Make dramatic change, use economies of scale,
An integrated method for material properties characterization based on pulsed laser generated surface acoustic waves
A novel integrated method enabling the study of nano-structured materials is presented, which is based on the imaging and monitoring of the spatiotemporal evolution of short-pulse-laser-generated Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs). The method combines a 3D ... Keywords: Dynamic laser interferometry, Finite Elements, Nano-acoustics, Nanostructures
Yannis Orphanos, Vasilis Dimitriou, Evaggelos Kaselouris, Efthimios Bakarezos, Nikolaos Vainos, Michael Tatarakis, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis
Simulation-based automatic generation of signomial and posynomial performance models for analog integrated circuit sizing
This paper presents a method to automatically generate posynomial response surface models for the performance parameters of analog integrated circuits. The posynomial models enable the use of efficient geometric programming techniques for circuit sizing ... Keywords: analog circuit modeling, design of experiments, geometric programming, posynomial and signomial response surface modeling
Walter Daems; Georges Gielen; Willy Sansen
Generation Interconnection Policies and Wind Power: A Discussion of Issues, Problems, and Potential Solutions
This report describes the adoption and implementation of FERC Order 2003 and the reasons for the sharp rise in generation interconnection filings in recent years.
Porter, K.; Fink, S.; Mudd, C.; DeCesaro, J.
Toolkit Energy Imbalance Market (EIM): Implementing Tariff.under tariffs approved by the Federal Energy Regulatoryunder tariffs approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory
technologies (e.g. , microgrids, plug-in electric vehicles,technologies (e.g. , microgrids, plug- in electric vehicles,
prices and quantified how system balancing costs change with high wind energywind energy when mass market customers responded on a 15-minute basis to DR price
Analysis. Presentation given to PJM Interconnection Markete.g. , ISO-NE, NYISO, PJM, MISO, ERCOT, and CAISO). Co-also elect to participate in PJMÆs day-ahead and/or real-
faced with high energy market prices if they do not procureIf low or negative prices in energy markets are insufficientenergy or reserves in determining schedules and market prices.
transmission system to trade electricity. In regions withoutand loads to trade electricity. In organized wholesale
system operational costs of wind energy, the low capacitybalancing costs change with high wind energy penetration.
of the Empirical Evidence. FERC (2006) Assessment of DemandRevised 2008. 240 pages. FERC. (2008) Final Rule - Docket19-000 and AD07-7-000. FERC (2009a) A National Assessment of
inĀoff?peakĀloadsĀ(pumpedĀstorageĀorĀretailĀcustomerĀexcessĀofĀ4,000ĀMWĀofĀpumpedĀstorageĀ capabilityĀthat,ĀifĀthisĀissue. ĀAlsoĀnewĀpumpedĀ storageĀfacilitiesĀcouldĀbeĀ
Integrating Small Scale Distributed Generation into a Deregulated Market: Control Strategies and Price Feedback
Small scale power generating technologies, such as gas turbines, small hydro turbines, photovoltaics, wind turbines and fuel cells, are gradually replacing conventional generating technologies, for various applications, in the electric power system. The industry restructuring process in the United States is exposing the power sector to market forces, which is creating competitive structures for generation and alternative regulatory structures for the transmission and distribution systems. The potentially conflicting economic and technical demands of the new, independent generators introduce a set of significant uncertainties. What balance between market forces and centralized control will be found to coordinate distribution system operations? How will the siting of numerous small scale generators in distribution feeders impact the technical operations and control of the distribution system? Who will provide ancillary services (such as voltage support and spinning reserves) in the new competitive environment? This project investigates both the engineering and market integration of distributed generators into the distribution system. On the technical side, this project investigates the frequency performance of a distribution system that has multiple small scale generators. Using IEEE sample distribution systems and new dynamic generator models, this project develops general methods for
Judith Cardell; Marija Ili?; Richard D. Tabors
Ultrasupercritical Steam Turbines: Design and Materials Issues for the Next Generation
The ultrasupercritical fossil power plant is one option for high-efficiency and low-emissions electricity generation. It is based on significant increases in steam temperature and pressure, beyond those traditionally employed for supercritical plants. Such steam conditions put new demands on the steam turbine design, particularly where the new unit has to operate in a business climate that demands flexible, reliable operation of generating plants. This report reviews demands on the ultrasupercritical ste...
Optimal Design of Integration of Intelligent, Adaptive Solar (PV) Power Generator with Grid for Domestic Energy Management System
This paper introduces a novel system based on integration of solar power generator with grid for optimal utilization of energy by minimizing the power drawn from grid. A prototype grid integrated PV system comprising of PV module (2*75Wp), battery bank ... Keywords: Solar power Generator (SPG), Domestic Energy Management, Bi-directional Inverter, Photovoltaic(PV), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
S. N. Singh; Pooja Singh; Swati Kumari; Swati
Procedure to Calculate NOx Reductions Using the Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (E-Grid) Spreadsheet
In this report a detailed description of the procedure to calculate NOx reductions from energy savings due to the 2000 IECC code implementation in single family residences using the United States Environmental Protect Agency's (USEPA's) Emissions and Generation Resource Integrated Database (E-GRID) is presented. This procedure is proposed for calculating county-wide NOx reductions in pounds per MWh for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy projects (EE/RE) implemented in each Power Control Area (PCA) in the ERCOT region.
Haberl, J. S.; Im, P.; Culp, C.; Yazdani, B.; Fitzpatrick, T.; Verdict, M.; Turner, W. D.
Reciprocating Engines for Stationary Power Generation: Technology, Products, Players, and Business Issues
Reciprocating engines (REs) have long played an important role in the distributed resources market and should, in the future, continue to provide end-use customers and energy companies benefits in both onsite and grid-connected power generation service. This report presents a comprehensive worldwide overview of RE technology and the business climate for these products.
Study of integration issues to realize the market potential of OTEC energy in the aluminum industry. Final report
The various integration issues are studied which must be considered to realize the market potential for the use of OTEC by the aluminum industry. The chloride reduction process has been identified as an attractive candidate for use with OTEC systems, and drained-cathode Hall cells and two alternative chloride reduction processes are considered. OTEC power system and plantships for the different processes are described. Aluminum industry characteristics important for OTEC considerations are given, including economic models and case history analyses. Appended are supporting cost estimates and energy bridge concepts for getting OTEC energy to shore. (LEW)
Jones, M.S. Jr.; Thiagarajan, V.; Sathyanarayana, K.; Markel, A.L.; Snyder, J.E. III; Sprouse, A.M.; Leshaw, D.
EPRI Products Can Help Utilities with Leakage Issues for Diesel Generators and Other Equipment
This notification is intended to make members aware of several EPRI products that help prevent problems with fluid leakage on diesel generators and other plant systems to improve component reliability. These reports are focused on fluid joints, and solutions to help plant personnel better maintain systems and reduce component failures due to leaks and increase overall station reliability. This information contained in this update could be useful to members of your organization responsible for the mainten...
Detector Noise Susceptibility Issues for the Future Generation of High Energy Physics Experiments
The front-end electronics (FEE) noise characterization to electromagnetic interference and the compatibility of the different subsystems are important topics to consider for the LHC calorimeter upgrades. A new power distribution scheme based on switching power converters is under study and will define a noticeable noise source very close to the detector's FEE. Knowledge and experience with both FFE noise and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues from previous detectors are important conditions to guarantee the design goals and the good functionality of the upgraded LHC detectors. This paper shows an overview of the noise susceptibility studies performed in different CMS subdetectors. The impact of different FEE topologies in the final sensitivity to electromagnetic interference of the subsystem is analyzed and design recommendations are presented to increase the EMC of the detectors to the future challenging power distribution topologies.
Arteche, F.; Esteban, C.; Iglesias, M.; /Zaragoza, ITA; Rivetta, C.; /SLAC; Arcega, F.J.; /Zaragoza U.
Updated Generation IV Reactors Integrated Materials Technology Program Plan, Revision 2
The Department of Energy's (DOE's) Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Program will address the research and development (R&D) necessary to support next-generation nuclear energy systems. Such R&D will be guided by the technology roadmap developed for the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) over two years with the participation of over 100 experts from the GIF countries. The roadmap evaluated over 100 future systems proposed by researchers around the world. The scope of the R&D described in the roadmap covers the six most promising Generation IV systems. The effort ended in December 2002 with the issue of the final Generation IV Technology Roadmap [1.1]. The six most promising systems identified for next generation nuclear energy are described within the roadmap. Two employ a thermal neutron spectrum with coolants and temperatures that enable hydrogen or electricity production with high efficiency (the Supercritical Water Reactor - SCWR and the Very High Temperature Reactor - VHTR). Three employ a fast neutron spectrum to enable more effective management of actinides through recycling of most components in the discharged fuel (the Gas-cooled Fast Reactor - GFR, the Lead-cooled Fast Reactor - LFR, and the Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor - SFR). The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) employs a circulating liquid fuel mixture that offers considerable flexibility for recycling actinides, and may provide an alternative to accelerator-driven systems. A few major technologies have been recognized by DOE as necessary to enable the deployment of the next generation of advanced nuclear reactors, including the development and qualification of the structural materials needed to ensure their safe and reliable operation. Accordingly, DOE has identified materials as one of the focus areas for Gen IV technology development.
Corwin, William R [ORNL; Burchell, Timothy D [ORNL; Halsey, William [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); Hayner, George [Idaho National Laboratory (INL); Katoh, Yutai [ORNL; Klett, James William [ORNL; McGreevy, Timothy E [ORNL; Nanstad, Randy K [ORNL; Ren, Weiju [ORNL; Snead, Lance Lewis [ORNL; Stoller, Roger E [ORNL; Wilson, Dane F [ORNL
System Integration Issues of DC to DC converters in the sLHC Trackers
The upgrade of the trackers at the sLHC experiments requires implementing new powering schemes that will provide an increased power density with reduced losses and material budget. A scheme based on buck and switched capacitors DC to DC converters has been proposed as an optimal solution. The buck converter is based on a power ASIC, connected to a custom made air core inductor. The arrangement of the parts and the board layout of the power module are designed to minimize the emissions of EMI in a compact volume, enabling its integration on the tracker modules and staves.
Allongue, B; Faccio, F; Fuentes, c; Michelisa, S; Orlandia, S
Preliminary materials selection issues for the next generation nuclear plant reactor pressure vessel.
In the coming decades, the United States and the entire world will need energy supplies to meet the growing demands due to population increase and increase in consumption due to global industrialization. One of the reactor system concepts, the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR), with helium as the coolant, has been identified as uniquely suited for producing hydrogen without consumption of fossil fuels or the emission of greenhouse gases [Generation IV 2002]. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has selected this system for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Project, to demonstrate emissions-free nuclear-assisted electricity and hydrogen production within the next 15 years. The NGNP reference concepts are helium-cooled, graphite-moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactors with a design goal outlet helium temperature of {approx}1000 C [MacDonald et al. 2004]. The reactor core could be either a prismatic graphite block type core or a pebble bed core. The use of molten salt coolant, especially for the transfer of heat to hydrogen production, is also being considered. The NGNP is expected to produce both electricity and hydrogen. The process heat for hydrogen production will be transferred to the hydrogen plant through an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX). The basic technology for the NGNP has been established in the former high temperature gas reactor (HTGR) and demonstration plants (DRAGON, Peach Bottom, AVR, Fort St. Vrain, and THTR). In addition, the technologies for the NGNP are being advanced in the Gas Turbine-Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR) project, and the South African state utility ESKOM-sponsored project to develop the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR). Furthermore, the Japanese HTTR and Chinese HTR-10 test reactors are demonstrating the feasibility of some of the planned components and materials. The proposed high operating temperatures in the VHTR place significant constraints on the choice of material selected for the reactor pressure vessel for both the PBMR and prismatic design. The main focus of this report is the RPV for both design concepts with emphasis on material selection.
Natesan, K.; Majumdar, S.; Shankar, P. S.; Shah, V. N.; Nuclear Engineering Division
Baseload CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage
November 13, 2012 | Wong November 13, 2012 | Wong * Conduct laboratory studies on reaction thermodynamics and kinetics of the sulfur generating disproportionation reaction. Effect of various potential catalysts and means to separate the reaction products will be investigated. A kinetic equation for process design will be defined. * Improve the solar reactor design and catalyst performance to increase SO 3 to SO 2 conversion fraction * Preliminary process component design and experimental validation for the three process steps. Carry out process integration design between the CSP plant, the sulfur processing and storage plant and the electricity generation unit. * Design and flowsheet studies to assess the system economics, its environmental impact and pathways to ascertain safe operations of
May 15, 2013 | Wong May 15, 2013 | Wong * Conduct laboratory studies on reaction thermodynamics and kinetics of the sulfur generating disproportionation reaction. Effect of various potential catalysts and means to separate the reaction products will be investigated. A kinetic equation for process design will be defined. * Improve the solar reactor design and catalyst performance to increase SO 3 to SO 2 conversion fraction * Preliminary process component design and experimental validation for the three process steps. Carry out process integration design between the CSP plant, the sulfur processing and storage plant and the electricity generation unit. * Design and flowsheet studies to assess the system economics, its environmental impact and pathways to ascertain safe operations of
Steam generator tube integrity program: Annual report, August 1995--September 1996. Volume 2
This report summarizes work performed by Argonne National Laboratory on the Steam Generator Tube Integrity Program from the inception of the program in August 1995 through September 1996. The program is divided into five tasks: (1) assessment of inspection reliability, (2) research on ISI (inservice-inspection) technology, (3) research on degradation modes and integrity, (4) tube removals from steam generators, and (5) program management. Under Task 1, progress is reported on the preparation of facilities and evaluation of nondestructive evaluation techniques for inspecting a mock-up steam generator for round-robin testing, the development of better ways to correlate failure pressure and leak rate with eddy current (EC) signals, the inspection of sleeved tubes, workshop and training activities, and the evaluation of emerging NDE technology. Results are reported in Task 2 on closed-form solutions and finite-element electromagnetic modeling of EC probe responses for various probe designs and flaw characteristics. In Task 3, facilities are being designed and built for the production of cracked tubes under aggressive and near-prototypical conditions and for the testing of flawed and unflawed tubes under normal operating, accident, and severe-accident conditions. Crack behavior and stability are also being modeled to provide guidance for test facility design, develop an improved understanding of the expected rupture behavior of tubes with circumferential cracks, and predict the behavior of flawed and unflawed tubes under severe accident conditions. Task 4 is concerned with the acquisition of tubes and tube sections from retired steam generators for use in the other research tasks. Progress on the acquisition of tubes from the Salem and McGuire 1 nuclear plants is reported.
Diercks, D.R.; Bakhtiari, S.; Kasza, K.E.; Kupperman, D.S.; Majumdar, S.; Park, J.Y.; Shack, W.J. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)
Integration and operation of post-combustion capture system on coal-fired power generation: load following and peak power
Coal-fired power plants with post combustion capture and sequestration (CCS) systems have a variety of challenges to integrate the steam generation, air quality control, cooling water systems and steam turbine with the ...
Brasington, Robert David, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Unit commitment with wind power generation: integrating wind forecast uncertainty and stochastic programming.
We present a computational framework for integrating the state-of-the-art Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in stochastic unit commitment/energy dispatch formulations that account for wind power uncertainty. We first enhance the WRF model with adjoint sensitivity analysis capabilities and a sampling technique implemented in a distributed-memory parallel computing architecture. We use these capabilities through an ensemble approach to model the uncertainty of the forecast errors. The wind power realizations are exploited through a closed-loop stochastic unit commitment/energy dispatch formulation. We discuss computational issues arising in the implementation of the framework. In addition, we validate the framework using real wind speed data obtained from a set of meteorological stations. We also build a simulated power system to demonstrate the developments.
Constantinescu, E. M.; Zavala, V. M.; Rocklin, M.; Lee, S.; Anitescu, M. (Mathematics and Computer Science); (Univ. of Chicago); (New York Univ.)
Status and integration of the gas generation studies performed for the Hydrogen Safety Program
Waste in Tank 241-SY-101 on the Hanford Site generates and periodically releases hydrogen, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen gases. Studies have been conducted at several laboratories to determine the chemical mechanisms for the gas generation and release. Results from these studies are presented and integrated in an attempt to describe current understanding of the physical properties of the waste and the mechanisms of gas generation and retention. Existing tank data are consistent with the interpretation that gases are uniformly generated in the tank, released continuously from the convecting layer, and stored in the nonconvecting layer. Tank temperature measurements suggest that the waste consists of gobs'' of material that reach neutral buoyancy at different times. The activation energy of the rate limiting step of the gas generating process was calculated to be about 7 kJ/mol but measured in the laboratory at 80 to 100 kJ/mol. Based on observed temperature changes in the tank the activation energy is probably not higher than about 20 kJ/mol. Several simulated waste compositions have been devised for use in laboratory studies in the place of actual waste from Tank 241-SY-101. Data from these studies can be used to predict how the actual waste might behave when heated or diluted. Density evaluations do not confirm that heating waste at the bottom of the tank would induce circulation within the waste; however, heating may release gas bubbles by dissolving the solids to which the bubbles adhere. Gas generation studies on simulated wastes indicated that nitrous oxide and hydrogen yields are not particularly coupled. Solubility studies of nitrous oxide, the most soluble of the principal gaseous products, indicate it is unlikely that dissolved gases contribute substantially to the quantity of gas released during periodic events.
Pederson, L.R.; Strachan, D.M.
Utility Integrated Resource Planning: An Emerging Driver of New Renewable Generation in the Western United States
understanding that wind integration costs are manageable,higher levels of wind integration is also critical if windanalysis of wind powerÆs integration costs and capacity
Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan
An integrated assessment of global and regional water demands for electricity generation to 2095
Electric power plants currently account for approximately one-half of the global industrial water withdrawal. While continued expansion of the electric sector seems likely into the future, the consequent water demands are quite uncertain, and will depend on highly variable water intensities by electricity technologies, at present and in the future. Using GCAM, an integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, and climate change, we first establish lower-bound, median, and upper-bound estimates for present-day electric sector water withdrawals and consumption by individual electric generation technologies in each of 14 geopolitical regions, and compare them with available estimates of regional industrial or electric sector water use. We then explore the evolution of global and regional electric sector water use over the next century, focusing on uncertainties related to withdrawal and consumption intensities for a variety of electric generation technologies, rates of change of power plant cooling system types, and rates of adoption of a suite of water-saving technologies. Results reveal that the water withdrawal intensity of electricity generation is likely to decrease in the near term with capital stock turnover, as wet towers replace once-through flow cooling systems and advanced electricity generation technologies replace conventional ones. An increase in consumptive use accompanies the decrease in water withdrawal rates; however, a suite of water conservation technologies currently under development could compensate for this increase in consumption. Finally, at a regional scale, water use characteristics vary significantly based on characteristics of the existing capital stock and the selection of electricity generation technologies into the future.
Davies, Evan; Kyle, G. Page; Edmonds, James A.
Integrated resource planning for local gas distribution companies: A critical review of regulatory policy issues
According to the report, public utility commissions (PUCs) are increasingly adopting, or considering the adoption of integrated resource planning (IRP) for local gas distribution companies (LDCs). The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) requires PUCs to consider IRP for gas LDCs. This study has two major objectives: (1) to help PUCs develop appropriate regulatory approaches with regard to IRP for gas LDCs; and (2) to help PUCs respond to the EPAct directive. The study finds that it is appropriate for PUCs to pursue energy efficiency within the traditional regulatory framework of minimizing private costs of energy production and delivery; and PUCs should play a limited role in addressing environmental externalities. The study also finds that in promoting energy efficiency, PUCs should pursue policies that are incentive-based, procompetitive, and sensitive to rate impacts. The study evaluates a number of traditional and nontraditional ratemaking mechanisms on the basis of cost minimization, energy efficiency, competitiveness, and other criteria. The mechanisms evaluated include direct recovery of DSM expenses, lost revenue adjustments for DSM options, revenue decoupling mechanisms, sharing of DSM cost savings, performance-based rate of return for DSM, provision of DSM as a separate service, deregulation of DSM service, price caps, and deregulation of the noncore gas market. The study concludes with general recommendations for regulatory approaches and ratemaking mechanisms that PUCs may wish to consider in advancing IRP objectives.
Harunuzzaman, M.; Islam, M.
Integrated analysis of customer value of generation system reliability in India
An analytical framework that integrates generation resource outage characteristics and customer value of electricity supply is developed to represent and evaluate reliability of the power system in north India. The composite outage cost function is estimated to be of log-linear form based on the regression analysis of data obtained through extensive customer field surveys in the region. The research illustrates that potentially higher direct outage costs have been displaced by relatively lower adaptive response investments to counteract the impact of interruptions. The implicit reliability of the country`s generation capacity plan through 2000, used along with the outage cost estimates, gives an interrupted energy value, a customer-value-based reliability index, of 2.30 Rupees per kilowatt-hour not served in 1990 ($US 1990 = Rupees 17.50). The outage cost-based reliability planning criterion provides an optimal level of reliability equivalent of 9.1% loss of load probability (LOLP). A comparison reveals that the generation capacity program is unreliable in the beginning but becomes overly reliable toward the later years of the plan.
Sarkar, A. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Inst. for Environmental Studies; Shrestha, R.M. [Asian Inst. of Tech., Bangkok (Thailand). School of Environment, Resources and Development
On-Line Monitoring and Diagnostics of the Integrity of Nuclear Plant Steam Generators and Heat Exchangers.
The overall purpose of this Nuclear Engineering Education Research (NEER) project was to integrate new, innovative, and existing technologies to develop a fault diagnostics and characterization system for nuclear plant steam generators (SG) and heat exchangers (HX). Issues related to system level degradation of SG and HX tubing, including tube fouling, performance under reduced heat transfer area, and the damage caused by stress corrosion cracking, are the important factors that influence overall plant operation, maintenance, and economic viability of nuclear power systems. The research at The University of Tennessee focused on the development of techniques for monitoring process and structural integrity of steam generators and heat exchangers. The objectives of the project were accomplished by the completion of the following tasks. All the objectives were accomplished during the project period. This report summarizes the research and development activities, results, and accomplishments during June 2001-September 2004. (1) Development and testing of a high-fidelity nodal model of a U-tube steam generator (UTSG) to simulate the effects of fouling and to generate a database representing normal and degraded process conditions. Application of the group method of data handling (GMDH) method for process variable prediction. (2) Development of a laboratory test module to simulate particulate fouling of HX tubes and its effect on overall thermal resistance. Application of the GMDH technique to predict HX fluid temperatures, and to compare with the calculated thermal resistance. (3) Development of a hybrid modeling technique for process diagnosis and its evaluation using laboratory heat exchanger test data. (4) Development and testing of a sensor suite using piezo-electric devices for monitoring structural integrity of both flat plates (beams) and tubing. Experiments were performed in air, and in water with and without bubbly flow. (5) Development of advanced signal processing methods using wavelet transforms and image processing techniques for isolating flaw types. (6) Development and implementation of a new nonlinear and non-stationary signal processing method, called the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), for flaw detection and location. This is a more robust and adaptive approach compared to the wavelet transform. (7) Implementation of a moving-window technique in the time domain for detecting and quantifying flaw types in tubular structures. A window zooming technique was also developed for flaw location in tubes. (8) Theoretical study of elastic wave propagation (longitudinal and shear waves) in metallic flat plates and tubing with and without flaws. (9) Simulation of the Lamb wave propagation using the finite-element code ABAQUS. This enabled the verification of the experimental results. The research tasks included both analytical research and experimental studies. The experimental results helped to enhance the robustness of fault monitoring methods and to provide a systematic verification of the analytical results. The results of this research were disseminated in scientific meetings. A journal manuscript was submitted for publication. The new findings of this research have potential applications in aerospace and civil structures. The report contains a complete bibliography that was developed during the course of the project.
Belle R. Upadhyaya; J. Wesley Hines
Integrating 3D and 2D computer generated imagery for the comics medium
Advances in 3D computer technology have led to aesthetic experimentation within the comics medium. Comic creators have produced comic books done entirely with 3D models that are then assembled digitally for the printed page. However, in using these 3D objects in a comic format, the creators have developed art styles that do not adhere to the paradigms established by this traditionally 2D medium. More successful results can be achieved by integrating 3D computer generated imagery with traditional 2D imagery, rather than replacing it. This thesis develops a method of combining rendered 3D models with 2D vector graphics to create a comic book art style that is consistent with the traditional medium, while still taking advantage of the new technology.
DeLuna, Ruben
Model predictive control system and method for integrated gasification combined cycle power generation
Control system and method for controlling an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant are provided. The system may include a controller coupled to a dynamic model of the plant to process a prediction of plant performance and determine a control strategy for the IGCC plant over a time horizon subject to plant constraints. The control strategy may include control functionality to meet a tracking objective and control functionality to meet an optimization objective. The control strategy may be configured to prioritize the tracking objective over the optimization objective based on a coordinate transformation, such as an orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal projection. A plurality of plant control knobs may be set in accordance with the control strategy to generate a sequence of coordinated multivariable control inputs to meet the tracking objective and the optimization objective subject to the prioritization resulting from the coordinate transformation.
Kumar, Aditya; Shi, Ruijie; Kumar, Rajeeva; Dokucu, Mustafa
The integral formalism and the generating function of grand confluent hypergeometric function
Biconfluent Heun function, a confluent form of Heun function [1,2], is the special case of Grand Confluent Hypergeometric (GCH) function [4] replacing $\\mu$ and $\\varepsilon \\omega $ by 1 and -q: this has a regular singularity at x=0, and an irregular singularity at infinity of rank 2 (see (50) in Ref.[21]). In this paper I will apply three term recurrence formula [3] to the integral formalism of GCH function including all higher terms of A_n's and the generating function of GCH polynomial in which makes B_n term terminated. I show how to transform power series expansion in closed forms of GCH function to integral formalism analytically. This paper is 10th out of 10 in series "Special functions and three term recurrence formula (3TRF)". See section 6 for all the papers in the series. The previous paper in the series describes the power series expansion in closed forms of GCH function and its asymtotic behaviours [26].
Yoon Seok Choun
Structural integrity analysis of the degraded drywell containment at the Oyster Creek Nuclear generating station.
This study examines the effects of the degradation experienced in the steel drywell containment at the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station. Specifically, the structural integrity of the containment shell is examined in terms of the stress limits using the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) Code, Section III, Division I, Subsection NE, and examined in terms of buckling (stability) using the ASME B&PV Code Case N-284. Degradation of the steel containment shell (drywell) at Oyster Creek was first observed during an outage in the mid-1980s. Subsequent inspections discovered reductions in the shell thickness due to corrosion throughout the containment. Specifically, significant corrosion occurred in the sandbed region of the lower sphere. Since the presence of the wet sand provided an environment which supported corrosion, a series of analyses were conducted by GE Nuclear Energy in the early 1990s. These analyses examined the effects of the degradation on the structural integrity. The current study adopts many of the same assumptions and data used in the previous GE study. However, the additional computational recourses available today enable the construction of a larger and more sophisticated structural model.
Petti, Jason P.
Steam generation in line-focus solar collectors: a comparative assessment of thermal performance, operating stability, and cost issues
The engineering and system benefits of using direct steam (in situ) generation in line-focus collectors are assessed. The major emphasis of the analysis is a detailed thermal performance comparison of in situ systems (which utilize unfired boilers). The analysis model developed for this study is discussed in detail. An analysis of potential flow stability problems is also provided along with a cursory cost analysis and an assessment of freeze protection, safety, and control issues. Results indicated a significant thermal performance advantage over the more conventional oil and flash systems and the flow stability does not appear to be a significant problem. In particular, at steam temperatures of 220/sup 0/C (430/sup 0/F) under the chosen set of assumptions, annual delivered energy predictions indicate that the in situ system can deliver 15% more energy than an oil system and 12% more energy than a flash system, with all of the systems using the same collector field. Further, the in situ system may result in a 10% capital cost reduction. Other advantages include improvement in simpler control when compared with flash systems, and fluid handling and safety enhancement when compared with oil systems.
Murphy, L.M.; May, E.K.
Integrated Modeling of Electric Power System Operations and Electricity Market Risks with Applications .
??Through integrated modeling of power system operations and market risks, this thesis addresses a variety of important issues on market signals modeling, generation capacity scheduling,ģ (more)
Sun, Haibin
Integrated process modeling for the laser inertial fusion Energy (LIFE) generation system
A concept for a new fusion-fission hybrid technology is being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The primary application of this technology is base-load electrical power generation. However, variants of the baseline technology can be used to 'burn' spent nuclear fuel from light water reactors or to perform selective transmutation of problematic fission products. The use of a fusion driver allows very high burn-up of the fission fuel, limited only by the radiation resistance of the fuel form and system structures. As a part of this process, integrated process models have been developed to aid in concept definition. Several models have been developed. A cost scaling model allows quick assessment of design changes or technology improvements on cost of electricity. System design models are being used to better understand system interactions and to do design trade-off and optimization studies. Here we describe the different systems models and present systems analysis results. Different market entry strategies are discussed along with potential benefits to US energy security and nuclear waste disposal. Advanced technology options are evaluated and potential benefits from additional R&D targeted at the different options is quantified.
Meier, W R; Anklam, T M; Erlandson, A C; Miles, R R; Simon, A J; Sawicki, R; Storm, E
Near Term Hydrogen and Electricity Infrastructure Integration
Denver, CO Denver, CO September 22, 2004 Abbas Akhil, DER and Energy Storage Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM (505) 844-7308 email@example.com Near-term Hydrogen and Electricity Infrastructure Integration Near-term Hydrogen and Electricity Infrastructure Integration Integration Scenarios and Issues Integration Scenarios and Issues ! How and where can electrolysis systems be integrated in the grid? " Siting/location " Operational issues " Investments " Benefits " Ownership ! Objectives are " Capture "grid" benefits " Seek to reduce emissions Siting and Location Siting and Location ! Electrolysis systems can be sited at " Existing generating stations " Transmission substations " Distribution substations ! Each locations has different
Protecting the Modern Distribution Grid: EPRI Survey on Distribution Protection with Emphasis on Distributed Generation Integration Practices
The increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) has created the need for changing protection practices for electric utility distribution systems. An assessment of current practice and experiences is provided. This report is to make utility engineers aware of potential issues and present protection practices for systems with DG.BackgroundDistributed resources have had significant impacts on electric utility power delivery systems. Greater impacts are ...
Decommissioning and Safety Issues of Liquid-Mercury Waste Generated from High-Power Spallation Sources with Particle Accelerators
Neutron Data / Special Issue on the 11th International Conference on Radiation Shielding and the 15th Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division (Part 2) / Decontamination/Decommissioning
S. Chiriki; J. Fachinger; R. Moormann; H.-K. Hinssen; A. Bukaemskiy; R. Odoj
PhotoVoltaic distributed generation for Lanai power grid real-time simulation and control integration scenario.
This paper discusses the modeling, analysis, and testing in a real-time simulation environment of the Lanai power grid system for the integration and control of PhotoVoltaic (PV) distributed generation. The Lanai Island in Hawaii is part of the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI) to transition to 30% renewable green energy penetration by 2030. In Lanai the primary loads come from two Castle and Cook Resorts, in addition to residential needs. The total peak load profile is 12470 V, 5.5 MW. Currently there are several diesel generators that meet these loading requirements. As part of the HCEI, Lanai has initially installed 1.2 MW of PV generation. The goal of this study has been to evaluate the impact of the PV with respect to the conventional carbon-based diesel generation in real time simulation. For intermittent PV distributed generation, the overall stability and transient responses are investigated. A simple Lanai 'like' model has been developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment (see Fig. 1) and to accommodate real-time simulation of the hybrid power grid system the Opal-RT Technologies RT-Lab environment is used. The diesel generators have been modelled using the SimPowerSystems toolbox swing equations and a custom Simulink module has been developed for the High level PV generation. All of the loads have been characterized primarily as distribution lines with series resistive load banks with one VAR load bank. Three-phase faults are implemented for each bus. Both conventional and advanced control architectures will be used to evaluate the integration of the PV onto the current power grid system. The baseline numerical results include the stable performance of the power grid during varying cloud cover (PV generation ramping up/down) scenarios. The importance of assessing the real-time scenario is included.
Robinett, Rush D., III; Kukolich, Keith (Opal RT Technologies, Montreal, Quebec, Canada); Wilson, David Gerald; Schenkman, Benjamin L.
Decision-Support Software for Grid Operators: Transmission Topology Control for Infrastructure Resilience to the Integration of Renewable Generation
GENI Project: The CRA team is developing control technology to help grid operators more actively manage power flows and integrate renewables by optimally turning on and off entire power lines in coordination with traditional control of generation and load resources. The control technology being developed would provide grid operators with tools to help manage transmission congestion by identifying the facilities whose on/off status must change to lower generation costs, increase utilization of renewable resources and improve system reliability. The technology is based on fast optimization algorithms for the near to real-time change in the on/off status of transmission facilities and their software implementation.
Integration of Renewables Via Demand Management: Highly Dispatchable and Distributed Demand Response for the Integration of Distributed Generation
GENI Project: AutoGrid, in conjunction with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Columbia University, will design and demonstrate automated control software that helps manage real-time demand for energy across the electric grid. Known as the Demand Response Optimization and Management System - Real-Time (DROMS-RT), the software will enable personalized price signal to be sent to millions of customers in extremely short timeframesŚincentivizing them to alter their electricity use in response to grid conditions. This will help grid operators better manage unpredictable demand and supply fluctuations in short time-scales Śmaking the power generation process more efficient and cost effective for both suppliers and consumers. DROMS-RT is expected to provide a 90% reduction in the cost of operating demand response and dynamic pricing Projects in the U.S.
Risk: The Treatment of Renewable Energy in Western UtilityEmerging Driver of New Renewable Generation in the WesternEnergy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Office of Planning,
Market Characteristics for Efficient Integration of Variable Generation in the Western Interconnection
The overriding purpose of this report is to establish the physical requirements of a power system that can accommodate high levels of variable generation.
Milligan, M.; Kirby, B.
Integration of Combined Heat and Power Generators into Small Buildings - A Transient Analysis Approach.
??Small combined heat and power generators have the potential to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of residential buildings. Recently, much attention has beenģ (more)
DeBruyn, Adrian Bryan
Interconnect Issues
Interconnect Issues in NE Serge Khalife, 15 th April 2010 Agenda 'é« About National Grid and Service territories 'é« Scope and definitions 'é« Interconnection Process Overview 'é« Time Frames and Fees 'é« Governmental Entity Exceptions 'é« Net Metering Limit 'é« Technical Issues 'é« Observations and recommendations 'é« Questions and Answers Service Territories Map Scope and definitions 'é« The Distributed Generation Group at National Grid process interconnection applications on the distribution system typically 10 MW and under with a few exceptions. 'é« ISO-NE process larger interconnection applications on the transmission system. Their timelines and procedures vary from National Grid's Distributed Generation process. 'é« Governmental Entity : The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, or any
al. (1993) considered integration of IGCC systems with solar PV, while Forsberg (2008, 2009) studied significant attention (e.g., wind and solar in Celik, 2002 and Habib et al., 1999; wind and hydro in Jaramillo
Stanford University
Waste Classification based on Waste Form Heat Generation in Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles Using the Fuel-Cycle Integration and Tradeoffs (FIT) Model
This study explores the impact of wastes generated from potential future fuel cycles and the issues presented by classifying these under current classification criteria, and discusses the possibility of a comprehensive and consistent characteristics-based classification framework based on new waste streams created from advanced fuel cycles. A static mass flow model, Fuel-Cycle Integration and Tradeoffs (FIT), was used to calculate the composition of waste streams resulting from different nuclear fuel cycle choices. This analysis focuses on the impact of waste form heat load on waste classification practices, although classifying by metrics of radiotoxicity, mass, and volume is also possible. The value of separation of heat-generating fission products and actinides in different fuel cycles is discussed. It was shown that the benefits of reducing the short-term fission-product heat load of waste destined for geologic disposal are neglected under the current source-based radioactive waste classification system , and that it is useful to classify waste streams based on how favorable the impact of interim storage is in increasing repository capacity.
Denia Djokic; Steven J. Piet; Layne F. Pincock; Nick R. Soelberg
Assessment of Geothermal Resources for Electric Generation in the Pacific Northwest, Draft Issue Paper for the Northwest Power Planning Council
This document reviews the geothermal history, technology, costs, and Pacific Northwest potentials. The report discusses geothermal generation, geothermal resources in the Pacific Northwest, cost and operating characteristics of geothermal power plants, environmental effects of geothermal generation, and prospects for development in the Pacific Northwest. This report was prepared expressly for use by the Northwest Power Planning Council. The report contains numerous references at the end of the document. [DJE-2005
Geyer, John D.; Kellerman, L.M.; Bloomquist, R.G.
Plant Support Engineering: Guidance for Managing the Impact of Procured Item Quality Issues on Generating Asset Economic Performance
In 2007, EPRI Plant Support Engineering (PSE) published Technical Update 1015171, Procured Item Quality Initiative, Initial Findings, as the initial output from the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) for the EPRI Procured Item Quality Initiative. The update categorized data about procured item quality issues provided by TAG members, summarized the analysis performed, and provided initial conclusions. In addition, the update identified types of items for which quality concerns exist and summarized potential c...
NV Energy Solar Integration Study: Cycling and Movements of Conventional Generators for Balancing Services
With an increasing penetration level of solar power in the southern Nevada system, the impact of solar on system operations needs to be carefully studied from various perspectives. Qualitatively, it is expected that the balancing requirements to compensate for solar power variability will be larger in magnitude; meanwhile, generators providing load following and regulation services will be moved up or down more frequently. One of the most important tasks is to quantitatively evaluate the cycling and movements of conventional generators with solar power at different penetration levels. This study is focused on developing effective methodologies for this goal and providing a basis for evaluating the wear and tear of the conventional generators
Diao, Ruisheng; Lu, Shuai; Etingov, Pavel V.; Ma, Jian; Makarov, Yuri V.; Guo, Xinxin
A simulation solution of the integration of wind power into an electricity generating network
To effectively harness the power of wind electricity generation, significant infrastructure challenges exist. First, the individual wind turbines must be sited and constructed as part of a wind farm. Second, the wind farm must be connected to the electricity ...
Thomas F. Brady
Integrated high speed intelligent utility tie unit for disbursed/renewable generation facilities
After experiencing the price hikes and rotating blackouts in California, the disbursed or distributed generation (DG) is considered as one of the most attractive alternatives for future utility industry. In addition to the conventional DG that uses fossil-fuel ...
Worakarn Wongsaichua / Wei-Jen Lee; Soontorn Oraintara
Hybrid simulation and optimization-based capacity planner for integrated photovoltaic generation with storage units
Unlike fossil-fueled generation, solar energy resources are geographically distributed and highly intermittent, which makes their direct control difficult and requires storage units. The goal of this research is to develop a flexible capacity planning ...
Esfandyar M. Mazhari; Jiayun Zhao; Nurcin Celik; Seungho Lee; Young-Jun Son; Larry Head
Engineering Guide for Integration of Distributed Generation and Storage into Power Distribution Systems
Distributed resources (DR) hold great promise for improving the efficiency and reliability of electric power systems. The work described in this report focuses on distributed generation and storage, a subset of the larger family of DR technologies.
Steam Generator Tube Integrity Risk Assessment: Volume 2: Application to Diablo Canyon Power Plant
Damage to steam generator tubing can impair its ability to adequately perform the required safety functions in terms of structural stability and leakage. This report describes the Diablo Canyon Power Plant application of a method for calculating risk for severe accidents involving steam generator tube failure. The method helps utilities determine risks associated with application of alternate repair criteria and/or operation with degraded tubing.
Wind Energy Management System Integration Project Incorporating Wind Generation and Load Forecast Uncertainties into Power Grid Operations
The power system balancing process, which includes the scheduling, real time dispatch (load following) and regulation processes, is traditionally based on deterministic models. Since the conventional generation needs time to be committed and dispatched to a desired megawatt level, the scheduling and load following processes use load and wind power production forecasts to achieve future balance between the conventional generation and energy storage on the one side, and system load, intermittent resources (such as wind and solar generation) and scheduled interchange on the other side. Although in real life the forecasting procedures imply some uncertainty around the load and wind forecasts (caused by forecast errors), only their mean values are actually used in the generation dispatch and commitment procedures. Since the actual load and intermittent generation can deviate from their forecasts, it becomes increasingly unclear (especially, with the increasing penetration of renewable resources) whether the system would be actually able to meet the conventional generation requirements within the look-ahead horizon, what the additional balancing efforts would be needed as we get closer to the real time, and what additional costs would be incurred by those needs. In order to improve the system control performance characteristics, maintain system reliability, and minimize expenses related to the system balancing functions, it becomes necessary to incorporate the predicted uncertainty ranges into the scheduling, load following, and, in some extent, into the regulation processes. It is also important to address the uncertainty problem comprehensively, by including all sources of uncertainty (load, intermittent generation, generatorsÆ forced outages, etc.) into consideration. All aspects of uncertainty such as the imbalance size (which is the same as capacity needed to mitigate the imbalance) and generation ramping requirement must be taken into account. The latter unique features make this work a significant step forward toward the objective of incorporating of wind, solar, load, and other uncertainties into power system operations. In this report, a new methodology to predict the uncertainty ranges for the required balancing capacity, ramping capability and ramp duration is presented. Uncertainties created by system load forecast errors, wind and solar forecast errors, generation forced outages are taken into account. The uncertainty ranges are evaluated for different confidence levels of having the actual generation requirements within the corresponding limits. The methodology helps to identify system balancing reserve requirement based on a desired system performance levels, identify system ōbreaking pointsö, where the generation system becomes unable to follow the generation requirement curve with the user-specified probability level, and determine the time remaining to these potential events. The approach includes three stages: statistical and actual data acquisition, statistical analysis of retrospective information, and prediction of future grid balancing requirements for specified time horizons and confidence intervals. Assessment of the capacity and ramping requirements is performed using a specially developed probabilistic algorithm based on a histogram analysis incorporating all sources of uncertainty and parameters of a continuous (wind forecast and load forecast errors) and discrete (forced generator outages and failures to start up) nature. Preliminary simulations using California Independent System Operator (California ISO) real life data have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach. A tool developed based on the new methodology described in this report will be integrated with the California ISO systems. Contractual work is currently in place to integrate the tool with the AREVA EMS system.
Makarov, Yuri V.; Huang, Zhenyu; Etingov, Pavel V.; Ma, Jian; Guttromson, Ross T.; Subbarao, Krishnappa; Chakrabarti, Bhujanga B.
Research Note on a Parabolic Heat-Balance Integral Method with Unspecified Exponent: An Entropy Generation Approach in Optimal Profile Determination
The heat-balance integral method of Goodman is studied with two simple 1-D heat conduction problems with prescribed temperature and flux boundary conditions. These classical problems with well known exact solutions enable to demonstrate the heat-balance integral method performance by a parabolic profile and the entropy generation minimization concept in definition of the appropriate profile exponent. The basic assumption generating the additional constraints needed to perform the solution is based on the requirement to minimize the difference in the local thermal entropy generation rates calculated by the approximate and the exact profile, respectively. This concept is easily applicable since the general concept has simple implementation of the condition requiring the thermal entropy generations calculated through both profiles to be the same at the boundary. The entropy minimization generation approach automatically generates the additional requirement which is deficient in the set of conditions defined by the heat-balance integral method concept.
Jordan Hristov
Assessment of Rooftop and Building-Integrated PV Systems for Distributed Generation
Photovoltaics (PV) is the technology of solar cells -- solid-state devices that directly, silently, and cleanly convert solar energy into electricity. Although commercially available for many years, PV technology has only recently become sufficiently affordable and efficient to be a practical alternative or supplement to conventional grid power. PV devices are commonly mounted on a structure's rooftop, but are increasingly integrated into building components such as siding, glass, or roof tiles. This rep...
iCycle: Integrated, multicriterial beam angle, and profile optimization for generation of coplanar and noncoplanar IMRT plans
Purpose: To introduce iCycle, a novel algorithm for integrated, multicriterial optimization of beam angles, and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) profiles. Methods: A multicriterial plan optimization with iCycle is based on a prescription called wish-list, containing hard constraints and objectives with ascribed priorities. Priorities are ordinal parameters used for relative importance ranking of the objectives. The higher an objective priority is, the higher the probability that the corresponding objective will be met. Beam directions are selected from an input set of candidate directions. Input sets can be restricted, e.g., to allow only generation of coplanar plans, or to avoid collisions between patient/couch and the gantry in a noncoplanar setup. Obtaining clinically feasible calculation times was an important design criterium for development of iCycle. This could be realized by sequentially adding beams to the treatment plan in an iterative procedure. Each iteration loop starts with selection of the optimal direction to be added. Then, a Pareto-optimal IMRT plan is generated for the (fixed) beam setup that includes all so far selected directions, using a previously published algorithm for multicriterial optimization of fluence profiles for a fixed beam arrangement Breedveld et al.[Phys. Med. Biol. 54, 7199-7209 (2009)]. To select the next direction, each not yet selected candidate direction is temporarily added to the plan and an optimization problem, derived from the Lagrangian obtained from the just performed optimization for establishing the Pareto-optimal plan, is solved. For each patient, a single one-beam, two-beam, three-beam, etc. Pareto-optimal plan is generated until addition of beams does no longer result in significant plan quality improvement. Plan generation with iCycle is fully automated. Results: Performance and characteristics of iCycle are demonstrated by generating plans for a maxillary sinus case, a cervical cancer patient, and a liver patient treated with SBRT. Plans generated with beam angle optimization did better meet the clinical goals than equiangular or manually selected configurations. For the maxillary sinus and liver cases, significant improvements for noncoplanar setups were seen. The cervix case showed that also in IMRT with coplanar setups, beam angle optimization with iCycle may improve plan quality. Computation times for coplanar plans were around 1-2 h and for noncoplanar plans 4-7 h, depending on the number of beams and the complexity of the site. Conclusions: Integrated beam angle and profile optimization with iCycle may result in significant improvements in treatment plan quality. Due to automation, the plan generation workload is minimal. Clinical application has started.
Breedveld, Sebastiaan; Storchi, Pascal R. M.; Voet, Peter W. J.; Heijmen, Ben J. M. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam (Netherlands)
Contracting Issues with Renewable Electricity | Department of Energy
Contracting Issues with Renewable Electricity Contracting Issues with Renewable Electricity Contracting Issues with Renewable Electricity October 16, 2013 - 5:08pm Addthis For many Federal agencies integrating renewable energy into a construction project, the technical and contracting issues associated with generating power at the facility are new. This page summarizes the various contracting issues that result from having on-site power generation that is actively interconnected with the power grid instead of using only a back-up generator. Many of these agreements depend on the ownership structure of the renewable energy system. Common agreements associated with a renewable electricity-generation facility include: An interconnection agreement covers the safe connection of the system to the power grid, including provisions for safe design, connection,
Status and integration of the gas generation studies performed for the Hydrogen Safety Program. FY-1992 Annual report
Waste in Tank 241-SY-101 on the Hanford Site generates and periodically releases hydrogen, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen gases. Studies have been conducted at several laboratories to determine the chemical mechanisms for the gas generation and release. Results from these studies are presented and integrated in an attempt to describe current understanding of the physical properties of the waste and the mechanisms of gas generation and retention. Existing tank data are consistent with the interpretation that gases are uniformly generated in the tank, released continuously from the convecting layer, and stored in the nonconvecting layer. Tank temperature measurements suggest that the waste consists of ``gobs`` of material that reach neutral buoyancy at different times. The activation energy of the rate limiting step of the gas generating process was calculated to be about 7 kJ/mol but measured in the laboratory at 80 to 100 kJ/mol. Based on observed temperature changes in the tank the activation energy is probably not higher than about 20 kJ/mol. Several simulated waste compositions have been devised for use in laboratory studies in the place of actual waste from Tank 241-SY-101. Data from these studies can be used to predict how the actual waste might behave when heated or diluted. Density evaluations do not confirm that heating waste at the bottom of the tank would induce circulation within the waste; however, heating may release gas bubbles by dissolving the solids to which the bubbles adhere. Gas generation studies on simulated wastes indicated that nitrous oxide and hydrogen yields are not particularly coupled. Solubility studies of nitrous oxide, the most soluble of the principal gaseous products, indicate it is unlikely that dissolved gases contribute substantially to the quantity of gas released during periodic events.
Integration of Wind Generation and Load Forecast Uncertainties into Power Grid Operations
In this paper, a new approach to evaluate the uncertainty ranges for the required generation performance envelope, including the balancing capacity, ramping capability and ramp duration is presented. The approach includes three stages: statistical and actual data acquisition, statistical analysis of retrospective information, and prediction of future grid balancing requirements for specified time horizons and confidence intervals. Assessment of the capacity and ramping requirements is performed using a specially developed probabilistic algorithm based on a histogram analysis incorporating all sources of uncertainty and parameters of a continuous (wind forecast and load forecast errors) and discrete (forced generator outages and failures to start up) nature. Preliminary simulations using California Independent System Operator (CAISO) real life data have shown the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Makarov, Yuri V.; Etingov, Pavel V.; Huang, Zhenyu; Ma, Jian; Chakrabarti, Bhujanga B.; Subbarao, Krishnappa; Loutan, Clyde; Guttromson, Ross T.
Integration of MHD load models with circuit representations the Z generator.
MHD models of imploding loads fielded on the Z accelerator are typically driven by reduced or simplified circuit representations of the generator. The performance of many of the imploding loads is critically dependent on the current and power delivered to them, so may be strongly influenced by the generators response to their implosion. Current losses diagnosed in the transmission lines approaching the load are further known to limit the energy delivery, while exhibiting some load dependence. Through comparing the convolute performance of a wide variety of short pulse Z loads we parameterize a convolute loss resistance applicable between different experiments. We incorporate this, and other current loss terms into a transmission line representation of the Z vacuum section. We then apply this model to study the current delivery to a wide variety of wire array and MagLif style liner loads.
Jennings, Christopher A.; Ampleford, David J.; Jones, Brent Manley; McBride, Ryan D.; Bailey, James E.; Jones, Michael C.; Gomez, Matthew Robert.; Cuneo, Michael Edward; Nakhleh, Charles; Stygar, William A.; Savage, Mark Edward; Wagoner, Timothy C.; Moore, James K.
Circuit Functionality and Requirements for Future Grid Integration of Distributed Renewable Generation
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) is an emerging technology that offers the potential to improve power system reliability, increase generation diversity, and provide greater flexibility to help match the growing energy needs. Small, modular DER plants have shorter implementation and commissioning timelines and can be brought on-line faster. However, utilities are concerned with the adverse impact of DER on the operation and management of distribution systems. The concern with potential impacts of DER on...
Challenges to Integration of Safety and Reliability with Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems
The optimization of a nuclear energy system's performance requires an integrated consideration of multiple design goals - sustainability, safety and reliability (S&R), proliferation resistance and physical protection (PR&PP), and economics - as well as careful evaluation of trade-offs for different system design and operating parameters. Design approaches motivated by each of the goal areas (in isolation from the other goal areas) may be mutually compatible or in conflict. However, no systematic methodology approach has yet been developed to identify and maximize synergies and optimally balance conflicts across the possible design configurations and operating modes of a nuclear energy system. Because most Generation IV systems are at an early stage of development, design, and assessment, designers and analysts are only beginning to identify synergies and conflicts between PR&PP, S&R, and economics goals. The close coupling between PR&PP and S&R goals has motivated early attention within the Generation IV International Forum to their integrated consideration to facilitate the optimization of their effects and the minimization of potential conflicts. This paper discusses the status of this work.
H. Khalil; P. F. Peterson; R. Bari; G. -L. Fiorini; T. Leahy; R. Versluis
Report - 2006 Minnesota Wind Integration Study Volume I.NREL). 2010. Eastern Wind Integration and TransmissionAvista Corporation Wind Integration Study. March. http://
Generation IV Reactors Integrated Materials Technology Program Plan: Focus on Very High Temperature Reactor Materials
Since 2002, the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems (Gen IV) Program has addressed the research and development (R&D) necessary to support next-generation nuclear energy systems. The six most promising systems identified for next-generation nuclear energy are described within this roadmap. Two employ a thermal neutron spectrum with coolants and temperatures that enable hydrogen or electricity production with high efficiency (the Supercritical Water Reactor-SCWR and the Very High Temperature Reactor-VHTR). Three employ a fast neutron spectrum to enable more effective management of actinides through recycling of most components in the discharged fuel (the Gas-cooled Fast Reactor-GFR, the Lead-cooled Fast Reactor-LFR, and the Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor-SFR). The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) employs a circulating liquid fuel mixture that offers considerable flexibility for recycling actinides and may provide an alternative to accelerator-driven systems. At the inception of DOE's Gen IV program, it was decided to significantly pursue five of the six concepts identified in the Gen IV roadmap to determine which of them was most appropriate to meet the needs of future U.S. nuclear power generation. In particular, evaluation of the highly efficient thermal SCWR and VHTR reactors was initiated primarily for energy production, and evaluation of the three fast reactor concepts, SFR, LFR, and GFR, was begun to assess viability for both energy production and their potential contribution to closing the fuel cycle. Within the Gen IV Program itself, only the VHTR class of reactors was selected for continued development. Hence, this document will address the multiple activities under the Gen IV program that contribute to the development of the VHTR. A few major technologies have been recognized by DOE as necessary to enable the deployment of the next generation of advanced nuclear reactors, including the development and qualification of the structural materials needed to ensure their safe and reliable operation. The focus of this document will be the overall range of DOE's structural materials research activities being conducted to support VHTR development. By far, the largest portion of material's R&D supporting VHTR development is that being performed directly as part of the Next-Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Project. Supplementary VHTR materials R&D being performed in the DOE program, including university and international research programs and that being performed under direct contracts with the American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, will also be described. Specific areas of high-priority materials research that will be needed to deploy the NGNP and provide a basis for subsequent VHTRs are described, including the following: (1) Graphite: (a) Extensive unirradiated materials characterization and assessment of irradiation effects on properties must be performed to qualify new grades of graphite for nuclear service, including thermo-physical and mechanical properties and their changes, statistical variations from billot-to-billot and lot-to-lot, creep, and especially, irradiation creep. (b) Predictive models, as well as codification of the requirements and design methods for graphite core supports, must be developed to provide a basis for licensing. (2) Ceramics: Both fibrous and load-bearing ceramics must be qualified for environmental and radiation service as insulating materials. (3) Ceramic Composites: Carbon-carbon and SiC-SiC composites must be qualified for specialized usage in selected high-temperature components, such as core stabilizers, control rods, and insulating covers and ducting. This will require development of component-specific designs and fabrication processes, materials characterization, assessment of environmental and irradiation effects, and establishment of codes and standards for materials testing and design requirements. (4) Pressure Vessel Steels: (a) Qualification of short-term, high-temperature properties of light water rea
Corwin, William R [ORNL; Burchell, Timothy D [ORNL; Katoh, Yutai [ORNL; McGreevy, Timothy E [ORNL; Nanstad, Randy K [ORNL; Ren, Weiju [ORNL; Snead, Lance Lewis [ORNL; Wilson, Dane F [ORNL
Cost of New Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Coal Electricity Generation...................... 17
Abstract: Future demand for electricity can be met with a range of technologies, with fuels including coal, nuclear, natural gas, biomass and other renewables, as well as with energy efficiency and demand management approaches. Choices among options will depend on factors including capital cost, fuel cost, market and regulatory uncertainty, greenhouse gas emissions, and other environmental impacts. This paper estimates the costs of new electricity generation. The approach taken here is to provide a transparent and verifiable analysis based mainly on recent data provided
Seth Borin; Todd Levin; Valerie M. Thomas; Seth Borin; Todd Levin; Valerie M. Thomas
Energy Storage Integration Council (ESIC): 2013 Update
Recent electric energy storage deployments have encountered several challenges, including problems stemming from poor system integration, grid integration difficulties, insufficient factory testing and qualification, safety and reliability issues, and inadequate common test protocols. The utility industry needs clear requirements developed so vendors can manufacture cost-effective energy storage products to support the generation, transmission, and distribution system. To address these and related ...
Utility Integrated Resource Planning: An Emerging Driver of NewRenewable Generation in the Western United States
In the United States, markets for renewable generation--especially wind power--have grown substantially in recent years. This growth is typically attributed to technology improvements and resulting cost reductions, the availability of federal tax incentives, and aggressive state policy efforts. But another less widely recognized driver of new renewable generation is poised to play a major role in the coming years: utility integrated resource planning (IRP). Common in the late-1980s to mid-1990s, but relegated to lesser importance as many states took steps to restructure their electricity markets in the late-1990s, IRP has re-emerged in recent years as an important tool for utilities and regulators, particularly in regions such as the western United States, where retail competition has failed to take root. As practiced in the United States, IRP is a formal process by which utilities analyze the costs, benefits, and risks of all resources available to them--both supply- and demand-side--with the ultimate goal of identifying a portfolio of resources that meets their future needs at lowest cost and/or risk. Though the content of any specific utility IRP is unique, all are built on a common basic framework: (1) development of peak demand and load forecasts; (2) assessment of how these forecasts compare to existing and committed generation resources; (3) identification and characterization of various resource portfolios as candidates to fill a projected resource deficiency; (4) analysis of these different ''candidate'' resource portfolios under base-case and alternative future scenarios; and finally, (5) selection of a preferred portfolio, and creation of a near-term action plan to begin to move towards that portfolio. Renewable resources were once rarely considered seriously in utility IRP. In the western United States, however, the most recent resource plans call for a significant amount of new wind power capacity. These planned additions appear to be motivated by the improved economics of wind power, an emerging understanding that wind integration costs are manageable, and a growing acceptance of wind by electric utilities. Equally important, utility IRPs are increasingly recognizing the inherent risks in fossil-based generation portfolios--especially natural gas price risk and the financial risk of future carbon regulation--and the benefits of renewable energy in mitigating those risks. This article, which is based on a longer report from Berkeley Lab,i examines how twelve investor-owned utilities (IOUs) in the western United States--Avista, Idaho Power, NorthWestern Energy (NWE), Portland General Electric (PGE), Puget Sound Energy (PSE), PacifiCorp, Public Service Company of Colorado (PSCo), Nevada Power, Sierra Pacific, Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E), Southern California Edison (SCE), and San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E)--treat renewable energy in their most recent resource plans (as of July 2005). In aggregate, these twelve utilities supply approximately half of all electricity demand in the western United States. In reviewing these plans, our purpose is twofold: (1) to highlight the growing importance of utility IRP as a current and future driver of renewable generation in the United States, and (2) to suggest possible improvements to the methods used to evaluate renewable generation as a resource option. As such, we begin by summarizing the amount and types of new renewable generation planned as a result of these twelve IRPs. We then offer observations about the IRP process, and how it might be improved to more objectively evaluate renewable resources.
Power System Operational and Planning Impacts of Generator Cycling Due to Increased Penetration of Variable Generation
This technical update describes work done in the second and final year of the EPRI Bulk Renewable Integration Program project, ōOperational and Planning Impacts of Generator Cycling.ö This project takes a system perspective in examining the issue of generator cycling behavior, which is likely to increase with increased renewable penetration. To better understand system impacts, researchers developed new modeling algorithms and used them in two case studies to investigate issues related ...
nationÆs mix of generation sources changes. The potentiallarge conventional generation sources can be used as a toolVariable Renewable Generation Source: Undrill (2010) Figure
Performance of Wind Power Generation Working Group. ö IEC1971. Control of Generation and Power Flow on Interconnectedvariable renewable generation on power system reliability,
DOE Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Cybersecurity
Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems DOE Issues Funding Opportunity for Innovations to Increase Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems February 11, 2013 - 10:53am Addthis The Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability issued a new Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), Innovation for Increasing Cybersecurity for Energy Delivery Systems, on February 8. The announcement is seeking applications to conduct research, development and demonstrations leading to next generation tools and technologies that will become widely adopted to enhance and accelerate deployment of cybersecurity capabilities for the U.S energy infrastructure, including cyber secure integration of smart grid technologies.
Abstract--The integration of variable renewable generation sources continues to be a significant area of focus for power
of additional wind generation into the Northwest Power Pool. It quantifies the number of vehicles required imbalance and variability in power generation caused by renewable generation sources. In this paper, V2G requirements associated with the introduction of 11 GW of additional wind generation into the Northwest Power
Materials Reliability Program: Pressurized Water Reactor Issue Management Tables - Revision 3 (MRP-205)
Nuclear utilities continue to face a number of ongoing issues related to degradation of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) components. These issues have resulted in the need for a summary tool to assist in prioritizing and addressing research and development (R&D) issues and associated EPRI Materials Reliability Program (MRP) and Steam Generator Management Program (SGMP) requirements.BackgroundA comprehensive, integrated ...
On-Line Monitoring and Diagnostics of the Integrity of Nuclear Plant Steam Generators and Heat Exchangers
Integrity monitoring and flaw diagnostics of flat beams and tubular structures was investigated in this research task using guided acoustic signals. A piezo-sensor suite was deployed to activate and collect Lamb wave signals that propagate along metallic specimens. The dispersion curves of Lamb waves along plate and tubular structures are generated through numerical analysis. Several advanced techniques were explored to extract representative features from acoustic time series. Among them, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is a recently developed technique for the analysis of non-linear and transient signals. A moving window method was introduced to generate the local peak characters from acoustic time series, and a zooming window technique was developed to localize the structural flaws. The time-frequency analysis and pattern recognition techniques were combined for classifying structural defects in brass tubes. Several types of flaws in brass tubes were tested, both in the air and in water. The techniques also proved to be effective under background/process noise. A detailed theoretical analysis of Lamb wave propagation was performed and simulations were carried out using the finite element software system ABAQUS. This analytical study confirmed the behavior of the acoustic signals acquired from the experimental studies. The report presents the background the analysis of acoustic signals acquired from piezo-electric transducers for structural defect monitoring. A comparison of the use of time-frequency techniques, including the Hilbert-Huang transform, is presented. The report presents the theoretical study of Lamb wave propagation in flat beams and tubular structures, and the need for mode separation in order to effectively perform defect diagnosis. The results of an extensive experimental study of detection, location, and isolation of structural defects in flat aluminum beams and brass tubes are presented. The results of this research show the feasibility of on-line monitoring of small structural flaws by the use of transient and nonlinear acoustic signal analysis, and its implementation by the proper design of a piezo-electric transducer suite.
Power Quality Impacts of Distributed Generation: Guidelines
With the advent of deregulation, distributed generation (DG) will play an increasing role in electric distribution systems. This report addresses the issue of integrating DG into the electric power system in a way that assures power quality in the grid and at end-use customer facilities.
On-line Structural Integrity Monitoring and Defect Diagnosis of Steam Generators Using Analysis of Guided Acoustic Waves.
??Integrity monitoring and flaw diagnostics of flat beams and tubular structures was investigated in this research using guided acoustic signals. The primary objective was toģ (more)
Lu, Baofu
A first-generation integrated tammar wallaby map and its use in creating a tammar wallaby first-generation virtual genome map
powerful and accu- rate, and has been applied to livestock species not then sequenced [20]. For the tammar wallaby, there are cytogenetic and link- age-mapping resources that can be integrated to provide a framework for the genome assembly. A linkage map... 2006, Australia. 3Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 4Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK. 5School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville...
Wang, Chenwei; Deakin, Janine E; Rens, Willem; Zenger, Kyall R; Belov, Katherine; Marshall Graves, Jennifer A; Nicholas, Frank W
Regulatory Commission (FERC). 2010a. Integration of Variablemeet/2010/012110/E-9.pdf FERC. 2010b. Order Setting Deadlinemeet/2010/031810/E-3.pdf FERC. 2008. Wholesale Competition
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency State Climate and Energy Technical Forum The Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) Background Document
The United States relies on electricity to meet a significant portion of its energy demands- particularly for lighting, electric motors, heating, and air conditioning. Electricity generators consumed 37 percent of total U.S. energy from fossil fuels and emitted 42 percent of total carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel combustion in 2008 (EPA 2010a). 1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) to display the environmental attributes of electric power generation in the United States and to highlight the linkages between electricity generation and air emissions. The eGRID Technical Support Document (EPA 2010b) provides background information on eGRID, the various types of emissions and emissions rates in the database, resource mixes used to generate electricity, eGRID-related tools and applications, and state and local government case studies on the application of eGRID factors. 1. eGRID Background eGRID is a comprehensive inventory of environmental attributes of electric power systems. The preeminent source of air emissions data for the electric power sector, eGRID is based on available plant-specific data for all U.S. electricity generating plants that provide power to the electric grid and report data to the U.S. government. Data are available that provide total emissions 2, emissions rates, and resource mix 3 estimates from each electric generating plant, and are then aggregated by electric generating company (EGC), parent company, state, U.S. total, and the following three types of power grid regions: ? National American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) region plus Alaska and
Wind Energy Management System EMS Integration Project: Incorporating Wind Generation and Load Forecast Uncertainties into Power Grid Operations
The power system balancing process, which includes the scheduling, real time dispatch (load following) and regulation processes, is traditionally based on deterministic models. Since the conventional generation needs time to be committed and dispatched to a desired megawatt level, the scheduling and load following processes use load and wind and solar power production forecasts to achieve future balance between the conventional generation and energy storage on the one side, and system load, intermittent resources (such as wind and solar generation), and scheduled interchange on the other side. Although in real life the forecasting procedures imply some uncertainty around the load and wind/solar forecasts (caused by forecast errors), only their mean values are actually used in the generation dispatch and commitment procedures. Since the actual load and intermittent generation can deviate from their forecasts, it becomes increasingly unclear (especially, with the increasing penetration of renewable resources) whether the system would be actually able to meet the conventional generation requirements within the look-ahead horizon, what the additional balancing efforts would be needed as we get closer to the real time, and what additional costs would be incurred by those needs. To improve the system control performance characteristics, maintain system reliability, and minimize expenses related to the system balancing functions, it becomes necessary to incorporate the predicted uncertainty ranges into the scheduling, load following, and, in some extent, into the regulation processes. It is also important to address the uncertainty problem comprehensively by including all sources of uncertainty (load, intermittent generation, generatorsÆ forced outages, etc.) into consideration. All aspects of uncertainty such as the imbalance size (which is the same as capacity needed to mitigate the imbalance) and generation ramping requirement must be taken into account. The latter unique features make this work a significant step forward toward the objective of incorporating of wind, solar, load, and other uncertainties into power system operations. Currently, uncertainties associated with wind and load forecasts, as well as uncertainties associated with random generator outages and unexpected disconnection of supply lines, are not taken into account in power grid operation. Thus, operators have little means to weigh the likelihood and magnitude of upcoming events of power imbalance. In this project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a framework has been developed for incorporating uncertainties associated with wind and load forecast errors, unpredicted ramps, and forced generation disconnections into the energy management system (EMS) as well as generation dispatch and commitment applications. A new approach to evaluate the uncertainty ranges for the required generation performance envelope including balancing capacity, ramping capability, and ramp duration has been proposed. The approach includes three stages: forecast and actual data acquisition, statistical analysis of retrospective information, and prediction of future grid balancing requirements for specified time horizons and confidence levels. Assessment of the capacity and ramping requirements is performed using a specially developed probabilistic algorithm based on a histogram analysis, incorporating all sources of uncertainties of both continuous (wind and load forecast errors) and discrete (forced generator outages and start-up failures) nature. A new method called the ōflying brickö technique has been developed to evaluate the look-ahead required generation performance envelope for the worst case scenario within a user-specified confidence level. A self-validation algorithm has been developed to validate the accuracy of the confidence intervals.
Circumferential cracking of steam generator tubes
On April 28, 1995, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued Generic Letter (GL) 95-03, {open_quote}Circumferential Cracking of Steam Generator Tubes.{close_quote} GL 95-03 was issued to obtain information needed to verify licensee compliance with existing regulatory requirements regarding the integrity of steam generator tubes in domestic pressurized-water reactors (PWRs). This report briefly describes the design and function of domestic steam generators and summarizes the staff`s assessment of the responses to GL 95-03. The report concludes with several observations related to steam generator operating experience. This report is intended to be representative of significant operating experience pertaining to circumferential cracking of steam generator tubes from April 1995 through December 1996. Operating experience prior to April 1995 is discussed throughout the report, as necessary, for completeness.
Karwoski, K.J.
Western Wind Strategy: Addressing Critical Issues for Wind Deployment
The goal of the Western Wind Strategy project was to help remove critical barriers to wind development in the Western Interconnection. The four stated objectives of this project were to: (1) identify the barriers, particularly barriers to the operational integration of renewables and barriers identified by load-serving entities (LSEs) that will be buying wind generation, (2) communicate the barriers to state officials, (3) create a collaborative process to address those barriers with the Western states, utilities and the renewable industry, and (4) provide a role model for other regions. The project has been on the forefront of identifying and informing state policy makers and utility regulators of critical issues related to wind energy and the integration of variable generation. The project has been a critical component in the efforts of states to push forward important reforms and innovations that will enable states to meet their renewable energy goals and lower the cost to consumers of integrating variable generation.
Douglas Larson; Thomas Carr
BLACK ISSUES :: Your Portal To Diversity :: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: http transactions in recent years include Viacom's acquisition of Black Entertainment Television, NBC's purchase Bookshelf Events Tech Briefs - more - #12;BLACK ISSUES :: Your Portal To Diversity
Valero-Cuevas, Francisco
Department of Energy Issues Call for Proposals to U.S. Universities for Nuclear Energy-Related Integrated Research Project Proposals
The U.S. Department of EnergyÆs Nuclear Energy University Programs is now accepting applications from universities interested in conducting nuclear energy-related Integrated Research Projects.
Power Challenges of Large Scale Research Infrastructures: the Square Kilometer Array and Solar Energy Integration; Towards a zero-carbon footprint next generation telescope
The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will be the largest Global science project of the next two decades. It will encompass a sensor network dedicated to radioastronomy, covering two continents. It will be constructed in remote areas of South Africa and Australia, spreading over 3000Km, in high solar irradiance latitudes. Solar Power supply is therefore an option to power supply the SKA and contribute to a zero carbon footprint next generation telescope. Here we outline the major characteristics of the SKA and some innovation approaches on thermal solar energy Integration with SKA prototypes.
Barbosa, Domingos; Ruiz, Valeriano; Silva, Manuel; Verdes-Montenegro, Lourdes; Santander-Vela, Juande; Maia, Dalmiro; Ant¾n, Sonia; van Ardenne, Arnold; Vetter, Matthias; Kramer, Michael; Keller, Reinhard; Pereira, Nuno; Silva, Vitor
Determining Generative Models of Objects Under Varying Illumination: Shape and Albedo from Multiple Images Using SVDand Integrability
We describe a method of learning generative models of objects from a set of images of the object under different, and unknown, illumination. Such a model allows us to approximate the objectsæ appearance under a range of lighting conditions. ... Keywords: Singular Value Decomposition, illumination models, photometric stereo
A. L. Yuille; D. Snow; R. Epstein; P. N. Belhumeur
Microfluidic system with integrated electroosmotic pumps, concentration gradient generator and fish cell line (RTgill-W1)--towards water toxicity
, and the results were quantified using a Live/DeadTM cell assay. This work is a preliminary study cell line (RTgill-W1)--towards water toxicity testing Tomasz Glawdel,a Caglar Elbuken,a Lucy E. J. Leeb that incorporates electroosmotic pumps, a concentration gradient generator and a fish cell line (rainbow trout gill
Le Roy, Robert J.
The research focussed on fundamental problems in the conversion of light to stored chemical energy. Specifically, work was completed on the design, synthesis and study of multi-component super- and supramolecular systems for photoinduced charge separation, one of the key steps in artificial photosynthesis, and on the use of these and related systems for the photochemical generation of H2 from water. At the center of these systems are chromophores comprised of square planar coordinated Pt(II) ions with arylacetylide and either diimine or terpyridyl ligands. Previous work had shown that the chromophores are photoluminescent in fluid solution with long-lived metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) excited states that are necessarily directional. An advance which set the stage for a number of proposed studies was the light-driven production of hydrogen from water using a Pt(terpyridyl)(arylacetylide)+ chromophore and a sacrificial electron donor. The reaction is catalytic and appears to rival previously reported ruthenium bipyridyl systems in terms of H2 production. Variation of system components and mechanistic studies were conducted to understand better the individual steps in the overall process and how to improve its efficiency. Success with light driven H2 generation was employed as a key probe as new systems were constructed consisting of triads for photoinduced charge separation placed in close proximity to the H2 generating catalyst - a Pt colloid - through direct linkage or supramolecular interactions with the polymer used to stabilize the colloid. In order to prepare new donor-chromophore-acceptor (D-C-A) triads and associated D-C and C-A dyads, new ligands were synthesized having functional groups for different coupling reactions such as simple amide formation and Pd-catalyzed coupling. In these systems, the donor was attached to the arylacetylide ligands and the acceptor was linked to the diimine or terpyridyl chelate. Research under the contract proved successful in the development of synthetic methodologies to make multi-component systems designed so as to maintain electronic communication between components held in a defined spatial arrangement. Systems effective for light driven H2 generation were examined by photophysical methods including transient absorption spectroscopy to observe charge-separated states and chart their dynamics. Quantum yields for hydrogen production were also measured. Additional studies examined the effectiveness of these systems for H2 generation and involved the development of new catalysts and systems based thereon. From these studies, a better understanding of initial steps in the light driven generation of hydrogen were obtained.
Professor Richard Eisenberg
2008 Special Issue: Optimal wide-area monitoring and nonlinear adaptive coordinating neurocontrol of a power system with wind power integration and multiple FACTS devices
Wide-area coordinating control is becoming an important issue and a challenging problem in the power industry. This paper proposes a novel optimal wide-area coordinating neurocontrol (WACNC), based on wide-area measurements, for a power system with power ... Keywords: Adaptive critic designs, FACTS devices, Particle swarm optimization, Radial basis function network, Wide-area control, Wind power
Wei Qiao; Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy; Ronald G. Harley
JV Task 46 - Development and Testing of a Thermally Integrated SOFC-Gasification System for Biomass Power Generation
The Energy & Environmental Research Center has designed a biomass power system using a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) thermally integrated with a downdraft gasifier. In this system, the high-temperature effluent from the SOFC enables the operation of a substoichiometric air downdraft gasifier at an elevated temperature (1000 C). At this temperature, moisture in the biomass acts as an essential carbon-gasifying medium, reducing the equivalence ratio at which the gasifier can operate with complete carbon conversion. Calculations show gross conversion efficiencies up to 45% (higher heating value) for biomass moisture levels up to 40% (wt basis). Experimental work on a bench-scale gasifier demonstrated increased tar cracking within the gasifier and increased energy density of the resultant syngas. A series of experiments on wood chips demonstrated tar output in the range of 9.9 and 234 mg/m{sup 3}. Both button cells and a 100-watt stack was tested on syngas from the gasifier. Both achieved steady-state operation with a 22% and 15% drop in performance, respectively, relative to pure hydrogen. In addition, tar tolerance testing on button cells demonstrated an upper limit of tar tolerance of approximately 1%, well above the tar output of the gasifier. The predicted system efficiency was revised down to 33% gross and 27% net system efficiency because of the results of the gasifier and fuel cell experiments. These results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of thermally integrating a gasifier and a high-temperature fuel cell in small distributed power systems.
Phillip Hutton; Nikhil Patel; Kyle Martin; Devinder Singh
An interconnected electric power system is a complex system that must be operated within a safe frequency range in order to reliably maintain the instantaneous balance between generation and load. This is accomplished by ensuring that adequate resources are available to respond to expected and unexpected imbalances and restoring frequency to its scheduled value in order to ensure uninterrupted electric service to customers. Electrical systems must be flexible enough to reliably operate under a variety of"change" scenarios. System planners and operators must understand how other parts of the system change in response to the initial change, and need tools to manage such changes to ensure reliable operation within the scheduled frequency range. This report presents a systematic approach to identifying metrics that are useful for operating and planning a reliable system with increased amounts of variable renewable generation which builds on existing industry practices for frequency control after unexpected loss of a large amount of generation. The report introduces a set of metrics or tools for measuring the adequacy of frequency response within an interconnection. Based on the concept of the frequency nadir, these metrics take advantage of new information gathering and processing capabilities that system operators are developing for wide-area situational awareness. Primary frequency response is the leading metric that will be used by this report to assess the adequacy of primary frequency control reserves necessary to ensure reliable operation. It measures what is needed to arrest frequency decline (i.e., to establish frequency nadir) at a frequency higher than the highest set point for under-frequency load shedding within an interconnection. These metrics can be used to guide the reliable operation of an interconnection under changing circumstances.
Eto, Joseph H.; Undrill, John; Mackin, Peter; Daschmans, Ron; Williams, Ben; Haney, Brian; Hunt, Randall; Ellis, Jeff; Illian, Howard; Martinez, Carlos; O' Malley, Mark; Coughlin, Katie; LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi
Portec Voltage Regulators: for Emergency Diesel Generators
This report contains information to help utilities address emergency diesel generator voltage regulator issues.
Generation Flexibility and Variable Generation Integration
pools WECC Dues, Boulder Canyon line lease 10 Davis 0506 69kv and 230kv Substation Upgrade Example 69kv upgrade to Breaker and a half and 230kv Double Breaker...
Capacity planning in a transitional economy: What issues? Which models?
This paper is devoted to an exploration of the important issues facing the Russian power generation system and its evolution in the foreseeable future and the kinds of modeling approaches that capture those issues. These issues include, for example, (1) trade-offs between investments in upgrading and refurbishment of existing thermal (fossil-fired) capacity and safety enhancements in existing nuclear capacity versus investment in new capacity, (2) trade-offs between investment in completing unfinished (under construction) projects based on their original design versus investment in new capacity with improved design, (3) incorporation of demand-side management options (investments in enhancing end-use efficiency, for example) within the planning framework, (4) consideration of the spatial dimensions of system planning including investments in upgrading electric transmission networks or fuel shipment networks and incorporating hydroelectric generation, (5) incorporation of environmental constraints and (6) assessment of uncertainty and evaluation of downside risk. Models for exploring these issues include low power shutdown (LPS) which are computationally very efficient, though approximate, and can be used to perform extensive sensitivity analyses to more complex models which can provide more detailed answers but are computationally cumbersome and can only deal with limited issues. The paper discusses which models can usefully treat a wide range of issues within the priorities facing decision makers in the Russian power sector and integrate the results with investment decisions in the wider economy.
Mubayi, V.; Leigh, R.W. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States); Bright, R.N. [Anylec Research, Inc., Bayport, NY (United States)
Maintenance simulation: Software issues
The maintenance of a distributed software system in a production environment involves: (1) maintaining software integrity, (2) maintaining and database integrity, (3) adding new features, and (4) adding new systems. These issues will be discussed in general: what they are and how they are handled. This paper will present our experience with a distributed resource management system that accounts for resources consumed, in real-time, on a network of heterogenous computers. The simulated environments to maintain this system will be presented relate to the four maintenance areas.
Luk, C.H.; Jette, M.A.
Development of a Standard Language for Photovoltaic and Storage Integration
The EPRI Renewables Integration Program (P174) was launched in 2009 to study integration issues that arise when distributed renewables are introduced into distribution systems. The program is investigating the impact to existing distribution systems as well as the ways that future distribution systems might be designed to accommodate higher levels of distributed generation. The program scope includes not just the power system itself, but the communication systems, such as Advanced Metering Infrastructure...
Open Issues
Open Issues Open Issues Open Issues "error while loading shared libraries: libalpslli.so.0" with serial codes on login nodes December 13, 2013 by Helen He | 0 Comments Symptom: Dynamic executables built with compiler wrappers running directly on the external login nodes are getting the following error message: 0 comments | Read the full post Resolved: Running jobs error: "inet_arp_address_lookup" September 22, 2013 by Helen He | 0 Comments Symptom: After the Hopper August 14 maintenance, users reporting get the error message similar as follows occassionaly: 0 comments | Read the full post Resolved: qstat -a does not show correct hours in elpsed time for running jobs July 12, 2013 by Helen He | 0 Comments Sympton: After the Torque/Moab upgrade on 6/19, the elapsed run time display from
Transportation Issues
Issues Issues and Resolutions - Compilation of Laboratory Transportation Work Package Reports Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Used Fuel Disposition Campaign Compiled by Paul McConnell Sandia National Laboratories September 30, 2012 FCRD-UFD-2012-000342 Transportation Issues and Resolutions ii September 2012 Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. DISCLAIMER This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any
Open Issues Open Issues Open Issues [PATCHED] python/2.7.4 gzip package fails September 24, 2013 by Doug Jacobsen | 0 Comments The modules version of python (python/2.7.4) had a bug in the default gzip python package. This was due to problems introduced in python 2.7.4 and fixed in python 2.7.5. Receiving a TypeError or structError upon opening and reading a gzip'ped file were the phenotypes of this bug. This has been corrected by installing the python 2.7.5 version of gzip.py into our python distribution. 0 comments | Read the full post [FIXED] JGI data loss in /projectb/sandbox area [purge] August 19, 2013 by Kjiersten Fagnan | 0 Comments We have discovered a serious bug in our purge scripts on /global/projectb. The */global/projectb/sandbox* areas are supposed to be immune from the
Hydrogen Generation by Electrolysis
Better Engineered Solutions. Better Engineered Solutions. What Listening Generates. Better Engineered Solutions. What Listening Generates. Hydrogen Generation by Electrolysis September 2004 Steve Cohen Hydrogen Generation by Electrolysis September 2004 Steve Cohen NREL H 2 Electrolysis - Utility Integration Workshop NREL H 2 Electrolysis - Utility Integration Workshop 2 Hydrogen Generation by Electrolysis Hydrogen Generation by Electrolysis 'üĘ Intro to Teledyne Energy Systems 'üĘ H 2 Generator Basics & Major Subsystems 'üĘ H 2 Generating & Storage System Overview 'üĘ Electrolysis System Efficiency & Economics 'üĘ Focus for Attaining DOE H 2 Production Cost Goals 3 Teledyne Energy Systems Locations - ISO 9001 Teledyne Energy Systems Locations - ISO 9001 Hunt Valley, Maryland 'üĘ State-of-the-art thermoelectric,
Issue Date
Report on Financial Statements and Federal Single Audit Please find attached our report on the City of IssaquahÆs financial statements and compliance with federal laws and regulations. We are issuing this report in order to provide information on the CityÆs financial condition.
Brian Sonntag; City Council; City Of Issaquah; Brian Sonntag Cgfm
Cogeneration Operational Issues
A great deal of the discussions concerning congeneration projects are focused on the "avoided cost" and other legal issues which effect these projects. These areas are extremely important and are essential to the success of the venture. Equally important, however, are the operational Issues which impact the utility and the cogenerator. This paper addresses the utility perspective in regard to possible impact of cogeneration systems on utility service to other customer, safety and substation operations. Other operational issues also include utility transmission planning, generation planning and fuel mix decisions. All of these operational problems have an impact on the ratepayer in regard to quality of electric service and future rates. Both the cogenerator and the utility have an interest in solving these problems.
Williams, M.
Department of Energy Issues $14 Million in Funding Opportunity
Department of Energy Issues $14 Million in Funding Opportunity Department of Energy Issues $14 Million in Funding Opportunity Announcements to U.S. Universities for Nuclear Research Department of Energy Issues $14 Million in Funding Opportunity Announcements to U.S. Universities for Nuclear Research March 28, 2007 - 12:17pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced two new Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOA), valued up to $14 million to better integrate the United States' universities into DOE's nuclear research and development (R&D) programs; and contribute to assuring a new generation of engineers and scientists necessary for pursuing nuclear power - a safe, reliable, affordable and emissions-free source of energy. These FOAs support the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) University
Vehicle Technologies Office: Thermal Control and System Integration
Thermal Control and System Integration The thermal control and system integration activity focuses on issues such as the integration of motor and power control technologies and the...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Projects
Generation Integration Study Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission SIND Toolkit Electricity Market Design Energy Imbalance Markets Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for...
President Issues
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
President Issues President Issues Executive Order on Alternative Fuels On December 13, 1996, President Clinton signed Exec- utive Order 13031, which calls on each Federal agency to develop and implement ways to meet the alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) acquisition requirements of the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992. The executive order requires each agency to submit detailed reports within 60 days of the signing of the order to the Office of Management and Budget detailing its compliance with the EPAct sections regarding AFVs. Annual reports of the same nature must follow. "Our organization will care- fully track AFV acquisitions by the Federal agencies," said Phil Lampert, project coordinator at the National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition. "If the states can operate all these
Across the Pond Newsletter Issue 3 | Department of Energy
3 Across the Pond Newsletter Issue 3 A Quarterly Update on Joint UK NDAUS DOE Activities and Initiatives Issue 3: Spring 2010. In this issue: DOE Hosts Next Generation Melter...
Micropower generation using combustion: Issues and approaches
desired (rovers, airplanes, Stirling engine, etc) and were acell reformers, or Stirling engines. The combined systems
Fernandez-Pello, Carlos
IEP - Water-Energy Interface: Power Generation
Power Plant Water Management Power Plant Water Management The availability of clean and reliable sources of water is a critical issue across the United States and throughout the world. Under the Innovations for Existing Plants Program (IEP), the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has pursued an integrated water-energy R&D program that addresses water management issues relative to coal-based power generation. This initiative intended to clarify the link between energy and water, deepen the understanding of this link and its implications, and integrate current water-related R&D activities into a national water-energy R&D program. Please click on each research area for additional information. Non-Traditional Sources of Process and Cooling Water Non-Traditional Sources of Process and Cooling Water
NREL: Wind Research - Utility Grid Integration
Utility Grid Integration Utility Grid Integration Photo of a wind farm in Lawton, Oklahoma where NREL researchers studied the impact of wind energy on farming system operations. NREL researchers analyzed research data collected from this wind farm in Lawton, Oklahoma, to determine the impacts of wind energy on systems operations. NREL researchers analyzed research data collected from this wind farm in Lawton, Oklahoma, to determine the impacts of wind energy on systems operations. The integration of wind energy into the electric generation industry's supply mix is one of the issues industry grapples with. The natural variability of the wind resource raises concerns about how wind can be integrated into routine grid operations, particularly with regard to the effects of wind on regulation, load following, scheduling, line voltage,
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Webmaster
reply. Your name: Your email address: Your message: Send Message Printable Version Transmission Grid Integration Home Issues Projects Research Staff Working with Us Publications...
Energy Storage Management for VG Integration (Presentation)
This presentation describes how you economically manage integration costs of storage and variable generation.
Kirby, B.
Calculating Wind Integration Costs: Separating Wind Energy Value from Integration Cost Impacts
Accurately calculating integration costs is important so that wind generation can be fairly compared with alternative generation technologies.
"Unable to open kgni version file /sys/class/gemini/kgni0/version" error "Unable to open kgni version file /sys/class/gemini/kgni0/version" error April 13, 2011 by Helen He | 0 Comments Symptom: Dynamic executables built with compiler wrappers running directly on the external login nodes are getting the following error message: 0 comments | Read the full post Resolved -- Default version not shown in "module avail module_name" command April 13, 2011 by Helen He | 0 Comments Symptom: The default software version is not shown when "module avail module_name" is issued. For example: 0 comments | Read the full post Job dependencies do not work as expected. Require additional string in job name April 8, 2011 by Katie Antypas | 0 Comments Symptom: submitting jobs which depend on other jobs does not work. 0 comments | Read the full post
Development and Integration Issues and Solutions
demand Spanish peak demands 45 GW and offpeak demands of 1925 GW. Maximum demand 41318 MW 13:26 h 19/07/2010 Maximum demand 45.455 MW 18:50 h 17/12/2007 #12;10 Stop at 12:00 h and demonstration at 19:00 h. Daily Regime Daily and Intradaily Market Demand bids Energy flows Communication Transmission network REE System
CMOS injection locked oscillators for quadrature generation at radio-frequency
The design of quadrature local oscillators for CMOS wireless transceivers is still one of the most challenging issues. This paper focuses the advantages of injection locking techniques to achieve high-performance quadrature generators. A synchronizing ... Keywords: CMOS RF integrated circuits, Frequency dividers, Injection locking, Phase noise, Quadrature local oscillators, VCO
Andrea Mazzanti; Francesco Svelto
Extended Enterprise Integration
This paper discusses the competitive pressures forcing major organisations to co-operate ever more closely in designing, manufacturing and supporting new products and major assets. It explains the resulting business and integration issues and presents ...
J. Gunn
Radioactive waste storage issues
In the United States we generate greater than 500 million tons of toxic waste per year which pose a threat to human health and the environment. Some of the most toxic of these wastes are those that are radioactively contaminated. This thesis explores the need for permanent disposal facilities to isolate radioactive waste materials that are being stored temporarily, and therefore potentially unsafely, at generating facilities. Because of current controversies involving the interstate transfer of toxic waste, more states are restricting the flow of wastes into - their borders with the resultant outcome of requiring the management (storage and disposal) of wastes generated solely within a state`s boundary to remain there. The purpose of this project is to study nuclear waste storage issues and public perceptions of this important matter. Temporary storage at generating facilities is a cause for safety concerns and underscores, the need for the opening of permanent disposal sites. Political controversies and public concern are forcing states to look within their own borders to find solutions to this difficult problem. Permanent disposal or retrievable storage for radioactive waste may become a necessity in the near future in Colorado. Suitable areas that could support - a nuclear storage/disposal site need to be explored to make certain the health, safety and environment of our citizens now, and that of future generations, will be protected.
Kunz, D.E.
Biomass for Electricity Generation
This paper examines issues affecting the uses of biomass for electricity generation. The methodology used in the National Energy Modeling System to account for various types of biomass is discussed, and the underlying assumptions are explained.
Zia Haq
RESOLVED: Projectb filesystem outage July 9, 2012 RESOLVED: Projectb filesystem outage July 9, 2012 July 9, 2012 | 0 Comments The projectb filesystem had a hardware failure that potentially generated I/O errors. The filesystem logs indicate that the earliest abnormal event on the filesystem occurred at 9:19AM and the filesystem was taken down for maintenance at 10:42AM. The filesystem returned to service at 11:20AM. Jobs running on the cluster would not have been able to read from or write to the projectb filesystem between 10:42AM and 11:20AM. Between 9:19AM and 10:42AM one out of the 20 GPFS controllers on projectb was down, and didn't failover (as it should have). This means: 1/20 file I/O operations could have failed between 9:19AM and 10:42AM If your job was performing a large number of short reads and writes, then
Property:Component Integration | Open Energy Information
Component Integration Component Integration Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. The allowed values for this property are: Customer Assembled Factory Integrated Pages using the property "Component Integration" Showing 22 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Customer Assembled + Distributed Generation Study/615 kW Waukesha Packaged System + Factory Integrated + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Customer Assembled + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Customer Assembled + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Customer Assembled + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Customer Assembled + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Factory Integrated +
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Publications
Publications Publications Want updates about future transmission grid integration webinars and publications? Join our mailing list. NREL has an extensive collection of publications related to transmission integration research. Explore the resources below to learn more. Selected Project Publications Read selected publications related to these transmission integration projects: Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Eastern Renewable Generation Integration Study Oahu Wind Integration and Transmission Study Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integration of Variable generation (FESTIV) Active power controls Forecasting Grid Simulation. NREL Publications Database NREL's publications database offers a variety of documents related to transmission integration that were written by NREL staff and
NREL: Distributed Grid Integration - Solar Distributed Grid Integration
Solar Distributed Grid Integration Projects Solar Distributed Grid Integration Projects NREL provides grid integration support, system-level testing, and systems analysis for DOE's Solar Distributed Grid Integration Projects supported by the SunShot Initiative. These projects address technical issues and develop solutions for high penetration grid integration of solar technologies into the electric power system to meet the following goals: Reduce cost: reduce interconnection costs by developing streamlined procedures including advanced integration models for utility interconnection of photovoltaics (PV) Reduce market barriers: work with utilities and system integrators to reduce market barriers by providing research on impacts of integration of high penetration of PV systems and developing solutions.
FCT Technology Validation: Integrated Projects
Integrated Projects to Integrated Projects to someone by E-mail Share FCT Technology Validation: Integrated Projects on Facebook Tweet about FCT Technology Validation: Integrated Projects on Twitter Bookmark FCT Technology Validation: Integrated Projects on Google Bookmark FCT Technology Validation: Integrated Projects on Delicious Rank FCT Technology Validation: Integrated Projects on Digg Find More places to share FCT Technology Validation: Integrated Projects on AddThis.com... Home Transportation Projects Stationary/Distributed Generation Projects Integrated Projects DOE Projects Non-DOE Projects Quick Links Hydrogen Production Hydrogen Delivery Hydrogen Storage Fuel Cells Manufacturing Codes & Standards Education Systems Analysis Contacts Integrated Projects To maximize overall system efficiencies, reduce costs, and optimize
Distributed Resource Integration Framework
This report defines a framework for assessing current issues and considerations associated with the deployment and operation of distributed resources. The framework is a guide that can assist utility personnel, distributed resource owners, and other stakeholders in planning integration projects and in relating different integration projects to one another. The framework provides a structured organization of the various elements associated with distributed resource integration, including regulatory, busin...
EM Issues Summary
SNF Transfer Shipments between SRS and INL - SNF Transfer Shipments between SRS and INL - Scott Declue, Federal Project Director, Savannah River Site * Completion of SNF Transfer results in: * Elimination of the entire SNF inventory at SRS * Reduction in the number of shipments of SNF from DOE Sites to the repository * Eliminates need for SRS to build/operate a SNF packaging and dry storage facility. * Integrated Project Team has been formed to work the issues * OCRWM has representation on IPT to ensure communications and transfer lessons learned to future RW activities * Plan to use GE-2000 and/or NAC-LWT casks (cask availability is not a constraint on the project at this time) * Shipments planned to start October 2009 * Stakeholder comments * Routing concerns include: * Use of southern route does not meet criteria for time in transit
SunShot Initiative: Baseload Concentrating Solar Power Generation
Concentrating Solar Power Generation Concentrating Solar Power Generation In 2010, DOE issued the Baseload Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Generation funding opportunity announcement (FOA). The following projects were selected under this competitive solicitation: Abengoa: Advanced Nitrate Salt Central Receiver Power Plant eSolar: Modular and Scalable Baseload Molten Salt Plant Conceptual Design and Feasibility General Atomics: Baseload CSP Generation Integrated with Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Heat Storage HiTek: Low-Cost Heliostat Development Infinia: Innovative Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage Solution for Baseload Power PPG: Next-Generation Low-Cost Reflector Rocketdyne: Solar Power Tower Improvements with the Potential to Reduce Costs SENER: High-Efficiency Thermal Storage System for Solar Plants
A solvent extraction system for removal of cesium (Cs) from alkaline solutions was developed utilizing a novel solvent invented at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This solvent consists of a calix[4]arene-crown-6 extractant dissolved in an inert hydrocarbon matrix. A Modifier is added to the solvent to enhance the extraction power of the calixarene and to prevent the formation of a third phase. An additional additive, called a suppressor, is used to improve stripping performance. The process that deploys this solvent system is known as Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX). The solvent system has been deployed at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in the Modular CSSX Unit (MCU) since 2008. Subsequent development efforts by ORNL identified an improved solvent system that can raise the expected decontamination factor (DF) in MCU from {approx}200 to more than 40,000. The improved DF is attributed to an improved distribution ratio for cesium [D(Cs)] in extraction from {approx}15 to {approx}60, an increased solubility of the calixarene in the solvent from 0.007 M to >0.050 M, and use of boric acid (H{sub 3}BO{sub 3}) stripping that also yields improved D(Cs) values. Additionally, the changes incorporated into the Next Generation CSSX Solvent (NGS) are intended to reduce solvent entrainment by virtue of more favorable physical properties. The MCU and Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) facilities are actively pursuing the changeover from the current CSSX solvent to the NGS solvent. To support this integration of the NGS into the MCU and SWPF facilities, the Savannah River Remediation (SRR)/ARP/MCU Life Extension Project requested that the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) perform testing of the new solvent for the removal of Cs from the liquid salt waste stream. Additionally, SRNL was tasked with characterizing both strip (20-in long, 10 micron pore size) and extraction (40-in long, 20 micron pore size) coalescers. SRNL designed a pilot-scale experimental program to test the full size strip (V5) and extraction (V10) centrifugal contactors and the associated strip and extraction effluent coalescers to determine the hydraulic and mass transfer characteristics with the NGS. The test program evaluated the amount of organic carryover and the droplet size of the carryover phases using several analytical methods. Provisions were also made to enable an evaluation of coalescer performance. Stage efficiency and mass distribution ratios were determined using Cs mass transfer measurements. Using 20 millimolar (mM) extractant (instead of 50 mM), the nominal D(Cs) measured was 16.0-17.5. The data indicate that equilibrium is achieved rapidly and maintained throughout sampling. The data showed good stage efficiency for extraction (Tests 1A-1D), ranging from 98.2% for Test 1A to 90.5% for Test 1D. No statistically-significant differences were noted for operations at 12 gpm aqueous flow when compared with either 4 gpm or 8 gpm of aqueous flow. The stage efficiencies equal or exceed those previously measured using the baseline CSSX solvent system. The nominal target for scrub Cs distribution values are {approx}1.0-2.5. The first scrub test yielded an average scrub value of 1.21 and the second scrub test produced an average value of 0.78. Both values are considered acceptable. Stage efficiency was not calculated for the scrub tests. For stripping behavior, six tests were completed in a manner to represent the first strip stage. For three tests at the baseline flow ratios (O:A of 3.75:1) but at different total flow rates, the D(Cs) values were all similar at {approx}0.052. Similar behavior was observed for two tests performed at an O:A ratio of 7:1 instead of 3.75:1. The data for the baseline strip tests exhibited acceptable stage efficiency, ranging from 82.0% for low flow to 89-90% for medium and high flow. The difference in efficiency may be attributable to the low volume in the contactor housing at lower flow rates. The concentrations of Isopar L{reg_sign} and Modifier were measured using semi-volatile organic analysis (SVOA
Restivo, M.; Peters, T.; Pierce, R.; Fondeur, F.; Steeper, T.; Williams, M.; Giddings, B.; Hickman, B.; Fink, S.
Transportation Issues and Resolutions Compilation of Laboratory
Transportation Issues and Resolutions Compilation of Laboratory Transportation Issues and Resolutions Compilation of Laboratory Transportation Work Package Reports Transportation Issues and Resolutions Compilation of Laboratory Transportation Work Package Reports The Transportation Team identified the retrievability and subcriticality safety functions to be of primary importance to the transportation of UNF after extended storage and to transportation of high burnup fuel. The tasks performed and described herein address issues related to retrievability and subcriticality; integrity of cladding (embrittled, high burnup cladding, loads applied to cladding during transport), criticality analyses of failed UNF within transport packages, moderator exclusion concepts, stabilization of cladding with canisters for criticality control;
DOE Issues Energy Sector Cyber Organization NOI
Issues National Energy Sector Cyber Organization Notice of Intent Issues National Energy Sector Cyber Organization Notice of Intent February 11, 2010 The Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) announced on Jan. 7 that it intends to issue a Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) for a National Energy Sector Cyber Organization, envisioned as a partnership between the federal government and energy sector stakeholders to protect the bulk power electric grid and aid the integration of smart grid technology to enhance the security of the grid. The cyber organization is expected to have the knowledge, expertise, capabilities, and capacity, at a minimum to: * Identify and prioritize cyber security research and development issues.
Power Generation from an Integrated Biomass Reformer and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SBIR Phase III) - DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program FY 2012 Annual Progress Report
5 5 FY 2012 Annual Progress Report DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Quentin Ming (Primary Contact), Patricia Irving InnovaTek, Inc. 3100 George Washington Way, Suite 108 Richland, WA 99354 Phone: (509) 375-1093 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com DOE Managers HQ: Charles Russomanno Phone: (202) 586-7543 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com HQ: Kathi Epping Martin Phone: (202) 586-7425 Email: email@example.com Contract Number: DE-EE0004535 Project Start Date: October 1, 2010 Project End Date: September 30, 2013 Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 Objectives Establish the requirements and design for an integrated * fuel cell and fuel processor that will meet the technical and operational needs for distributed energy production. Develop and integrate key system components - *
During the period April 1, 2003--June 30, 2003, Allegheny Energy Supply Co., LLC (Allegheny) proceeded with demonstration operations at the Willow Island Generating Station and improvements to the Albright Generating Station cofiring systems. The demonstration operations at Willow Island were designed to document integration of biomass cofiring into commercial operations. The Albright improvements were designed to increase the resource base for the projects, and to address issues that came up during the first year of operations. This report summarizes the activities associated with the Designer Opportunity Fuel program, and demonstrations at Willow Island and Albright Generating Stations.
K. Payette; D. Tillman
During the period October 1, 2003-December 31, 2003, Allegheny Energy Supply Co., LLC (Allegheny) continued with demonstration operations at the Willow Island Generating Station and improvements to the Albright Generating Station cofiring systems. The demonstration operations at Willow Island were designed to document integration of biomass cofiring into commercial operations, including evaluating new sources of biomass supply. The Albright improvements were designed to increase the resource base for the projects, and to address issues that came up during the first year of operations. This report summarizes the activities associated with the Designer Opportunity Fuel program, and demonstrations at Willow Island and Albright Generating Stations.
Distributed Generation Potential of the U.S. Commercial Sector
C. Marnay. 2003. Distributed Generation Capabilities of theImpact on the Deployment of Distributed Generation. PolicyIntegration of Distributed Generation and the Development of
LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi; Edwards, Jennifer L.; Gumerman, Etan; Marnay, Chris
Computational Needs for the Next Generation Electric Grid Proceedings
F. ĀWollenburg,ĀōPowerĀGenerationĀOperationĀandĀControlö,ĀCommitmentĀ withĀ WindĀ PowerĀ Generation:Ā IntegratingĀOptimalĀinvestmentsĀinĀ powerĀgenerationĀunderĀcentralizedĀ
Birman, Kenneth
Steam Generator Management Program: Empirical Model for Predicting Recirculating PWR Steam Generator Broached-Hole Blockage
Since their initial use in commercial plants in the 1960s, the steam generators (SGs) in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) have exhibited a number of reliability problems. Even though many of these are related to the integrity of the heat-transfer tubing and other internal components or to decreases in heat-transfer efficiency, some SG designs have been subject to a different issueŚdeposit-induced blockage of the broached flow holes in the tube support plates (TSPs) located within the SG ...
Edison Known issues
3 or 510-486-8611 Home For Users Computational Systems Retired Systems Edison Phase I - Retired 6242013 Known issues Known issues IPM Not Reporting the FLOPS...
December 21, 1999, DNFSB letter forwarding a staff issue report...
the facility's vital facility emergency systems. An additional emergency generator, with ATS and UPS, is used for security. The staff noted the following issues with this...
Nondestructive Evaluation Program Issue Management Tables: Revision 0
Ongoing issues related to non-destructive examination of nuclear plant components have resulted in the need for a summary tool to assist in tracking and prioritizing NDE-related research and development (R&D) needs.BackgroundA comprehensive, integrated understanding of materials issues and management options is a fundamental consideration in the development of overall plant business and operating strategies. Issue ...
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering: The Customer's ...
Conference Tools for Materials Science & Technology 2012 ... Scope, Realization of the full benefit of next generation design requires integration ofĀ...
Final report for %22High performance computing for advanced national electric power grid modeling and integration of solar generation resources%22, LDRD Project No. 149016.
Design and operation of the electric power grid (EPG) relies heavily on computational models. High-fidelity, full-order models are used to study transient phenomena on only a small part of the network. Reduced-order dynamic and power flow models are used when analysis involving thousands of nodes are required due to the computational demands when simulating large numbers of nodes. The level of complexity of the future EPG will dramatically increase due to large-scale deployment of variable renewable generation, active load and distributed generation resources, adaptive protection and control systems, and price-responsive demand. High-fidelity modeling of this future grid will require significant advances in coupled, multi-scale tools and their use on high performance computing (HPC) platforms. This LDRD report demonstrates SNL's capability to apply HPC resources to these 3 tasks: (1) High-fidelity, large-scale modeling of power system dynamics; (2) Statistical assessment of grid security via Monte-Carlo simulations of cyber attacks; and (3) Development of models to predict variability of solar resources at locations where little or no ground-based measurements are available.
Reno, Matthew J.; Riehm, Andrew Charles; Hoekstra, Robert John; Munoz-Ramirez, Karina; Stamp, Jason Edwin; Phillips, Laurence R.; Adams, Brian M.; Russo, Thomas V.; Oldfield, Ron A.; McLendon, William Clarence, III; Nelson, Jeffrey Scott; Hansen, Clifford W.; Richardson, Bryan T.; Stein, Joshua S.; Schoenwald, David Alan; Wolfenbarger, Paul R.
Systems Integration Methodology
A multi-disciplinary team led by the Advanced Power and Energy Program (APEP) of the University of California at Irvine is defining the system engineering issues associated with the integration of key components and subsystems into power plant systems that meet performance and emission goals of VISION 21. The myriad of fuels, fuel processing, power generation, and emission control technologies are narrowed down to selected scenarios by a screening analysis to identify those combinations that have the potential to achieve the VISION 21 goals consisting of 60% efficiency (HHV) for coal based systems and 75% efficiency (LHV) for gas-based systems. The selected promising cycle scenarios are then analyzed in detail to develop the performance and costs for each. The methodology used in arriving at these promising cases and the preliminary results of the cycle analyses are presented. The technology levels considered are based on projected technical and manufacturing advances being made in industry and on advances identified in current and future government supported research such as the Clean Coal Program, Combustion 2000 (LEBS and HIPPS), Advanced Turbine Systems program, Low-Cost Advanced Fuel Cell programs, and the Flexible Gas Turbine Systems program. Examples of systems included in these advanced cycles are solid oxide and molten carbonate fuel cells, advanced gas turbines, ion transport membrane separation and hydrogen-oxygen combustion.
Samuelsen, Scott; Rao, Ashok
Electrochemical and Integrated Process Opportunities for On-Site/On-Demand Generation of Chlorine Dioxide - Final Report - 08/02/1996 - 08/01/1999
Due to continued evidence of environmental harm from elemental chlorine bleaching, the nation's paper industry continues to search for cost effective alternative bleaching. A practical and cost effective bleaching alternative is chlorine dioxide manufactured entirely from sodium chlorate. Sodium chlorate is produced by the electrolysis of brine in an undivided cell with steel plate cathodes and dimensionally stable anodes. Although the overpotential at the anode is only 50 mV, the cathodic overpotential is 940 mV. Thus, nearly one volt of electricity is wasted in driving hydrogen evolution at the cathode. Auburn University's Center for Microfibrous Materials Manufacturing has demonstrated that high performance, three dimensional, microfibrous electrodes can improve the performance of capacitors, batteries, hybrid power cells, and electrolysis electrodes in a variety of applications. The goal of this research was to apply this technology to a chlorate cell's cathode and reduce the overpotential between 200 and 400 mV. An economic analysis of the industry has shown that for every 100 mV reduction in overpotential, $100 per square meter of electrode can be saved annually. Due to their enhanced surface area over plates, corrosion of microfibrous electrodes is a major issue in this research. Samples based on chromium protection (i.e. stainless steel) have proved unfeasible for chlorate application. However, samples based on stainless steel and nickel show dramatic performance improvements over industry status quo in chlor-alkali application. Building microfibrous electrodes on a titanium base protected with a silver coating alleviates the corrosion problem and provides 100 mV or more of overpotential reduction. Further reduction is realized by impregnating silver-titanium microfibrous mesh with a PVDF binder and dispersed platinum on activated carbon. The resulting electrodes are mechanically sound, active towards hydrogen evolution, and hold promise for practical industry use.
Tatarchuk, Bruce J.; Krishnagopalan, G.; Nickell, Ryan A.
The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate...
The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related...
Breakout Session I OCRWM Issues
I: OCRWM Issues I: OCRWM Issues Presented to: Transportation External Coordination Working Group Presented by: Frank Moussa Office of Logistics Management February 7, 2008 San Antonio, Texas 2 Topics of Discussion * National Transportation Plan (NTP) * Improving methods of communication and outreach * Section 180(c) of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act 3 Development of the NTP * Developing the NTP is one of four strategic Program objectives * Elements of the plan include - Requirements - Infrastructure development - Stakeholder involvement - Operations planning * Stakeholder input has been incorporated - Impacts of FY 08 funding and future profiles are being incorporated - NTP will be published for public comment when integrated planning baseline decisions are finalized 4 Total HAZMAT Shipments Flammable/Combustible Liquid (Class 3) -
Emergency Diesel Generator Voltage Regulator Guidelines
This product kit, containing six separate documents, provides information to help utilities address emergency diesel generator voltage regulator issues and maintenance.
Impacts of distributed generation on Smart Grid.
??With the concept of Smart Grid, there are high possibilities that the interconnection of distributed generation issues can be solved and minimised. This thesis discussesģ (more)
Hidayatullah, Nur Asyik
The Integral Fast Reactor
Argonne National Laboratory, since 1984, has been developing the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR). This paper will describe the way in which this new reactor concept came about; the technical, public acceptance, and environmental issues that are addressed by the IFR; the technical progress that has been made; and our expectations for this program in the near term. 5 refs., 3 figs.
Till, C.E.; Chang, Y.I. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)); Lineberry, M.J. (Argonne National Lab., Idaho Falls, ID (USA))
Monitoring and control requirement definition study for dispersed storage and generation (DSG). Volume IV. Final report, Appendix C: identification from utility visits of present and future approaches to integration of DSG into distribution networks
A major aim of the US National Energy Policy, as well as that of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, is to conserve energy and to shift from oil to more abundant domestic fuels and renewable energy sources. Dispersed Storage and Generation (DSG) is the term that characterizes the present and future dispersed, relatively small (<30 MW) energy systems, such as solar thermal electric, photovoltaic, wind, fuel cell, storage battery, hydro, and cogeneration, which can help achieve these national energy goals and can be dispersed throughout the distribution portion of an electric utility system. As a result of visits to four utilities concerned with the use of DSG power sources on their distribution networks, some useful impressions of present and future approaches to the integration of DSGs into electrical distribution network have been obtained. A more extensive communications and control network will be developed by utilities for control of such sources for future use. Different approaches to future utility systems with DSG are beginning to take shape. The new DSG sources will be in decentralized locations with some measure of centralized control. The utilities have yet to establish firmly the communication and control means or their organization. For the present, the means for integrating the DSGs and their associated monitoring and control equipment into a unified system have not been decided.
The Wabash River Integrated Methanol and Power Production from Clean Coal Technologies (IMPPCCT) project is evaluating integrated electrical power generation and methanol production through clean coal technologies. The project is conducted by a multi-industry team lead by Gasification Engineering Corporation (GEC), a company of Global Energy Inc., and supported by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Dow Chemical Company, Dow Corning Corporation, Methanex Corporation, and Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation. Three project phases are planned for execution over several years, including: (1) Feasibility study and conceptual design for an integrated demonstration facility, and for fence-line commercial embodiment plants (CEP) operated at Dow Chemical or Dow Corning chemical plant locations (2) Research, development, and testing to define any technology gaps or critical design and integration issues (3) Engineering design and financing plan to install an integrated commercial demonstration facility at the existing Wabash River Energy Limited (WREL) plant in West Terre Haute, Indiana.
Albert Tsang
Compilation and Integration of K Basin Sludge Particle Size Analysis Data
This report consolidates and integrates all of the particle size analysis data generated during the Hanford K Basin sludge characterization campaigns. The provides the most representative particle size distribution curves for the various K Basin sludge types. Understanding the particle size distribution of the sludge is necessary to design sludge retrieval and processing systems and to address sludge transportation and storage safety issues due to the potential reactivity of sludge.
Bredt, Paul R. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Tingey, Joel M. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Schmidt, Andrew J. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
PNNL: Pacific Northwest Technology Today - Issue Archive
Community Outreach Community Outreach Issue Archive Volume 7, Issue 2 Volume 7, Issue 1 Volume 6, Issue 6 Volume 6, Issue 5 Volume 6, Issue 4 Volume 6, Issue 3 Volume 6, Issue 2 Volume 6, Issue 1 Volume 5, Issue 5 Volume 5, Issue 4 Volume 5, Issue 3 Volume 5, Issue 2 Volume 5, Issue 1 Volume 4, Issue 4 Volume 4, Issue 5 Volume 4, Issue 4 Volume 4, Issue 3 Volume 3, Issue 2 Volume 3, Issue 1 Volume 2, Issue 8 Volume 2, Issue 7 Volume 2, Issue 6 Volume 2, Issue 5 Volume 2, Issue 4 Volume 2, Issue 3 Volume 2, Issue 2 Volume 2, Issue 1 Volume 1, Issue 4 Volume 1, Issue 3 Volume 1, Issue 2 Volume 1, Issue 1 Community & Regional Outreach Home Pacific Northwest Technology Today eNewsletter Current Issue Issue Archive Subscribe/Unsubscribe Inquiries Speakers and Seminars Community Science & Technology Seminar Series
L This Issue:
Page 1. Volume 92, Number 6, November-December 1987 Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards L This Issue: Departments ...
Inside This Issue
Inside This Issue 1995 CAT Calendar APS Compton Award Established APSUO Seeks Nominees for Steering Committee Beamline Commissioning Workshop Held Commissioning of User Beamlines...
Diversity Issues Committee - History
Events leading to formation of Diversity Issues Committee Visit by American Physical Society Committee on the Status of Women in Physics (CSWP) to assess the work environment at...
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Issues Management Program encompasses the continuous monitoring of work programs, performance and safety to promptly identify issues to determine their risk and significance, their causes, and to identify and effectively implement corrective actions to ensure successful resolution and prevent the same or similar problems from occurring. This document describes the LBNL Issues Management Program and prescribes the process for issues identification, tracking, resolution, closure, validation, and effectiveness of corrective actions. Issues that are governed by this program include program and performance deficiencies or nonconformances that may be identified through employee discovery, internal or external oversight assessment findings, suggested process improvements and associated actions that require formal corrective action. Issues may also be identified in and/or may result in Root Cause Analysis (RCA) reports, Price Anderson Amendment Act (PAAA) reports, Occurrence Reporting and Processing System (ORPS) reports, Accident Investigation reports, assessment reports, and External Oversight reports. The scope of these issues may include issues of both high and low significance as well as adverse conditions that meet the reporting requirements of the University of California (UC) Assurance Plan for LBNL or other reporting entities (e.g., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Energy). Issues that are found as a result of a walk-around or workspace inspection that can be immediately corrected or fixed are exempt from the requirements of this document.
Gravois, Melanie
Modern generator protection systems
The special problems of the protection of generating stations with large machines connected to large integrated networks are presented. The coordination between the protective relays and tripping functions and the reliability of the protection scheme are important considerations in modern plants. Primary and backup protective functions, the applications, and their divisions into fault detection and ''fault prevention'' categories are considered. Testing and maintenance of the generator protection system including automatic calibration testing equipment is also discussed. The concept of the generator protection as a completely coordinated system and its realization with solid state protective relays is also presented. 9 refs.
Pencinger, C.J.
Steam generator replacement overview
Since nuclear power began to be widely used for commercial purposes in the 1960s, unit operators have experienced a variety of problems with major components. Although many of the problems have diminished considerably, those associated with pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generators persist. Steam generator problems rank second, behind refueling outages, as the most significant contributor to lost electricity generation. As of December 31, 1995, 38 steam generators had been replaced in 13 of the 72 operating PWRs, and three units had been shut down prematurely, due primarily (or partially) to degradation of their steam generators: Portland General Electric`s Trojan unit, located in Prescott, OR, in 1992; Southern California Edison`s San Onofre 1, located in San Clemente, CA, in 1992; and Sacramento Municipal Utility District`s Rancho Seco unit in 1989. In the coming years, operators of PWRs in the US with degraded steam generators will have to decide whether to make annual repairs (with eventual derating likely), replace the generators or shut the plants down prematurely. To understand the issues and decisions utility managers face, this article examines problems encountered at steam generators over the past few decades and identifies some of the remedies that utility operators and the nuclear community have employed, including operational changes, maintenance, repairs and steam generator replacement.
Chernoff, H. [Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA (United States); Wade, K.C. [USDOE Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC (United States)
CIM Application Integration
The EPRI Common Information Model (CIM) has been used as the basis or schema for implementing a real-time relational database in the CIM Application Integration Project. The CIM relational database is implemented in a normalized form so that it can support a complete range of utility transmission, generation, distribution, substation, and asset management applications. The objective of this document is to provide a final report on the CIM Application Integration Project.
Subtask 1.24 - Optimization of Cooling Water Resources for Power Generation
The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has developed an interactive, Web-based decision support system (DSS{copyright} 2007 EERC Foundation) to provide power generation utilities with an assessment tool to address water supply issues when planning new or modifying existing generation facilities. The Web-based DSS integrates water and wastewater treatment technology and water law information with a geographic information system-based interactive map that links to state and federal water quality and quantity databases for North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wyoming, Montana, Nebraska, Wisconsin, and Iowa.
Daniel Stepan; Richard Shockey; Bethany Kurz; Wesley Peck
Introduction: Integrative Approaches for Estimating Current and Future Feedstock Availability
Biomass that is used to generate energy, through conversion processes or direct combustion, is referred to as a bioenergy feedstock. Establishment of bioenergy feedstocks as an agricultural commodity has the potential to alter land management, carbon stocks, water quality, and greenhouse gas emissions over large geographic areas. Estimation of current and future feedstock availability is an essential step in assessing potential environmental and economic impacts of feedstock production. The purpose of this special issue is to communicate integrative approaches that combine data and modeling capabilities for estimation of current and future feedstock availability.
West, Tristram O.
Steam Generator Tube Integrity Facilities - Nuclear Engineering...
Nuclear Safety Materials Disposition Decontamination & Decommissioning Nuclear Criticality Safety Nuclear Data Program Nuclear Waste Form Modeling Departments Engineering...
are country reports from Task XVII participants, including Austria, Finland, Italy, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain and the United States. Annex 8 provides a list of software...
... Applications Considerations for Combined Heat & Power in Multifamily Buildings Marc Zuluaga, Steven Winter Associates, Inc. ...
State of the nation in data integration for bioinformatics
Data integration is a perennial issue in bioinformatics, with many systems being developed and many technologies offered as a panacea for its resolution. The fact that it is still a problem indicates a persistence of underlying issues. Progress has been ... Keywords: Data integration, Data warehouse, Databases, Life sciences, Link, Mashup, RDF, Semantics, View integration, Workflow
Carole Goble; Robert Stevens
CFD Predictions of Severe Accident Steam Generator Flows in a 1/7. Scale Pressurized Water Reactor
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is applied to steam generator inlet plenum mixing as part of a larger plan covering steam generator tube integrity. The technique is verified by comparing predicted results with severe accident natural circulation data from a 1/7. scale Westinghouse facility. This exercise demonstrates that the technique can predict the natural circulation and mixing phenomena relevant to steam generator tube integrity issues. The model includes primary side flow paths for a single hot leg and steam generator. Qualitatively, the experimentally observed flow phenomena are predicted. The paths of the natural circulation flows and the relative flow proportions are correctly predicted. Quantitatively, comparisons are made with temperatures, mass flows, and other parameters. All predictions are generally within 10% of the experimental values. Overall, there is a high degree of confidence in the CFD technique for prediction of the relevant flow phenomena associated with this type of severe accident sequence. (authors)
Boyd, Christopher; Hardesty, Kelly [U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001 (United States)
Competitive Generation Market Study -- California
A growing number of states are unbundling utility services with the objective of creating a competitive open retail market for electric energy and other traditionally regulated utility services. Currently, each state or region has its own approach to unbundling and dealing with various issues such as stranded assets, market power, generation and fuel portfolio requirements, transmission system operation, and electricity pricing. Existing generating asset value and technology choice for new generation pro...
Web based integrated models for participatory planning
The present paper focuses on the development of an integrated assessment model that embeds the web dimension and aims at increasing awareness in society, especially on environmental issues. The model incorporates features that make it capable of promoting ... Keywords: greenhouse gas emissions, increasing awareness, integrated assessment models, web based participatory integrated assessment models
Grammatikogiannis Elias; Maria Giaoutzi
Renewable energy 1998: Issues and trends
This report presents the following five papers: Renewable electricity purchases: History and recent developments; Transmission pricing issues for electricity generation from renewable resources; Analysis of geothermal heat pump manufacturers survey data; A view of the forest products industry from a wood energy perspective; and Wind energy developments: Incentives in selected countries. A glossary is included. 19 figs., 27 tabs.
conducting semiconductor process development. His early work was in the area of silicon defects resulting from ion implantation and isolation stress, as well as process integration issues which led to the development and subsequent production of the first
Following the trend of creating flight code with state chart modeling and auto-code generation, NASA æs Deep Impact (DI) project uses Stateflow @ for its Fault Protection Flight Software development. In a parallel task, model checking, a powerful and formal verification technique, is being used to partially validate the DI fault protection responses against a set of core behavioral correctness properties. The Hi Vy Toolset described in this work enables model checking for state chart-based designs by providing a formal method-based capability for automated state chart translation from Stateflow@ into Promela, the input language of the Spin model checker. The results of this approach are compared against a traditional test script-based validation using
K. J. Barltrop; P. J. Pingree
National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project: Quarterly Update No.5, October-December 2004
Fifth issue of a quarterly reporting to stakeholders on progress on the National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project.
National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project Quarterly Update: April/June 2004, No.3
Third issue of a quarterly reporting to stakeholders on progress on the National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project.
National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project: Quarterly Update No.6, January-March 2005
Sixth issue of a quarterly reporting to stakeholders on progress on the National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project
National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project: Quarterly Update, January/March 2004, No.2
Second issue of a quarterly reporting to stakeholders on progress on the National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project.
National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project: Quarterly Update, July/September 2004, No.4
Fourth issue of a quarterly reporting to stakeholders on progress on the National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project
Proceedings: Ninth International Conference on Cycle Chemistry in Fossil and Combined Cycle Plants with Heat Recovery Steam Generators
Proper selection, application, and optimization of cycle chemistry have long been recognized as integral to ensuring the highest possible levels of component availability and reliability in fossil-fired generating plant units. These proceedings of the Ninth EPRI International Conference on Cycle Chemistry in Fossil Plants address state-of-the-art practices in conventional and combined-cycle plants. The content provides a worldwide perspective on cycle chemistry practices and insight on industry issues an...
Next Generation Relays
As the electric power industry moves forward with development of the smart grid, a number of issues emerge for existing protective relaying devices and systems. Even recently deployed relay design generations have been developed essentially as functional replacements for older electromechanical relays. As a result, the potential benefits of managing these new relays and their functions in a smarter and more efficient way have not been fully tapped. As utilities begin to deal with large deployments of the...
Steam Generator Management Program: Assessment of Steam Generator Tube Plugs
EPRI Steam Generator Management Program guidelines require that utilities perform integrity assessments of all steam generator (SG) components, including tube plugs. SG inspection outages should specifically include monitoring of degradation in tube hardware such as plugs. This report provides guidance for utility engineers to use in determining tube plug inspection requirements, including scope, technique, and periodicity.BackgroundGenerally, utilities perform ...
Distributed Generation
Untapped Value of Backup Generation Untapped Value of Backup Generation While new guidelines and regulations such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 1547 have come a long way in addressing interconnection standards for distributed generation, utilities have largely overlooked the untapped potential of these resources. Under certain conditions, these units (primarily backup generators) represent a significant source of power that can deliver utility services at lower costs than traditional centralized solutions. These backup generators exist today in large numbers and provide utilities with another option to reduce peak load, relieve transmission congestion, and improve power reliability. Backup generation is widely deployed across the United States. Carnegie Mellon's Electricity
Volume III, Issue 9
Issue 9 September 2013 your connection to Brookhaven Lab's world-class science First NSLS-II Beamlines Begin to Take Shape BNL's National Synchrotron Light Source II will be a...
The Hurricane Intensity Issue
The intensity issue of hurricanes is addressed in this paper using the angular momentum budget of a hurricane in storm-relative cylindrical coordinates and a scale-interaction approach. In the angular momentum budget in storm-relative coordinates,...
T. N. Krishnamurti; S. Pattnaik; L. Stefanova; T. S. V. Vijaya Kumar; B. P. Mackey; A. J. OÆShay; Richard J. Pasch
ISSUES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM MANUAL LBNL/PUB-5519 (1), Rev. 0and Analysis Program Manual. LBNL/PUB-5519 (1), Rev. 0the Regulations and Procedures Manual (RPM): CATS database o
Biofuels Issues and Trends
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Biofuels Issues and Trends Biofuels Issues and Trends October 2012 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Biofuels Issues and Trends i This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA's data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or other Federal agencies. October 2012 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Biofuels Issues and Trends ii Table of Contents
Grid Voltage Unbalance and The Integration of DFIGÆs.
?? Double-fed induction generators (DFIGÆs) became the predominant generator installed for wind generation applications in the mid 1990Æs. Issues pertaining to the operation and controlģ (more)
Kearney, Joseph, [Thesis
Towards Integrated Design and Modeling of High Field Accelerator Magnets
The next generation of superconducting accelerator magnets will most likely use a brittle conductor (such as Nb{sub 3}Sn), generate fields around 18 T, handle forces that are 3-4 times higher than in the present LHC dipoles, and store energy that starts to make accelerator magnets look like fusion magnets. To meet the challenge and reduce the complexity, magnet design will have to be more innovative and better integrated. The recent design of several high field superconducting magnets have now benefited from the integration between CAD (e.g. ProE), magnetic analysis tools (e.g. TOSCA) and structural analysis tools (e.g. ANSYS). Not only it is now possible to address complex issues such as stress in magnet ends, but the analysis can be better detailed an extended into new areas previously too difficult to address. Integrated thermal, electrical and structural analysis can be followed from assembly and cool-down through excitation and quench propagation. In this paper we report on the integrated design approach, discuss analysis results and point out areas of future interest.
Caspi, S.; Ferracin, P.
Modular Integrated Energy Systems
of Honeywell's data collection activity for the integrated energy system (or CHP -- Cooling, Heat and Power recovery steam generator, and a waste heat fired absorption chiller. The key goals of the project are having on-line optimization, ┬Ę Develop a 1000 Ton exhaust-driven absorption chiller, ┬Ę Install
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
An Integrated Hydrogen Vision for California
An Integrated Hydrogen Vision for California White Paper/High Efficiency Generation Of Hydrogen Fuels Using NuclearU.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
Main Generator Seal Oil Supply Reliability Improvements at Southern California Edison's San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station
This paper presents the justification for the approach, details and results of the Main Generator Seal Oil System reliability enhancements on the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, SONGS. The SONGS, Unit 3 experienced substantial turbine damage in early 2001 after the turbine bearings lubrication oil supply failed. During a loss of off-site power incident, power was lost to the two AC powered turbine lubrication oil pumps due to a breaker failure in the switchgear and the DC powered emergency bearing lubricating oil pump failed to start due to a breaker trip. The SONGS turbine generators coasted down from full speed to a full stop without lubricating oil. This resulted in significant bearing, journal and steam path damage that required a four-month duration repair outage during a time period where electricity was in short supply in the State of California. The generator hydrogen sealing system remained operable during this event, however it was recognized during the event follow up investigation that this system had vulnerabilities to failure similar to the bearing lubrication system. In order to prevent a reoccurrence of this extremely costly event, SONGS has taken actions to modify both of these critical turbine generator systems by adding additional, continuously operating pumps with a new, independent power source and independently routed cables. The main challenge was to integrate the additional equipment into the existing lubrication and seal oil systems. The lubrication Oil System was the first system to be retro-fitted and these results already have been presented. Reference 2. This paper provides the result of the reliability enhancements for the Main Generator Seal Oil System, which concludes the turbine/generator critical oil systems reliability improvements, performed by SONGS. It is worth noting that the design team discovered and corrected a number of other significant operational issues, which had been present from the early days and also learned a great deal of detailed information about this vital system during the project. The SONGS approach and findings are discussed in this paper, as well as a summary of the work performed. This technical paper will be of interest to utilities with a need to improve turbine generator reliability issues. (authors)
Simma, Fred Y.; Chetwynd, Russell J. [Southern California Edison, P.O. Box 800, Rosemead, CA 91770 (United States); Rowe, Stuart A. [Alstom Power Service (United States)
IEC 61850 Technical Integration Evaluation
Designs and implementations of standards can reveal portions of formal standards that need to be further defined and/or issues that emerge in the integration or harmonization of two standards. This report captures the experience of using IEC 61850 and other related standards such as IEC 61970/61968 as part of an implementation in a Tool Kit. It also describes the implementation as well as the issues that have emerged from the experience of a tool developer.
NEPA and CEQA: Integrating State and Federal Environmental Reviews...
Governor's Office of Planning and Research, issued on March 5, 2013, a draft handbook on integrating NEPA and California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) review processes....
75th Lessons Learned Quarterly Report Issued | Department of Energy
5th Lessons Learned Quarterly Report Issued 5th Lessons Learned Quarterly Report Issued 75th Lessons Learned Quarterly Report Issued June 3, 2013 - 4:11pm Addthis The 75th quarterly report on lessons learned in the NEPA process was issued on June 3, 2013. This issue of Lessons Learned Quarterly Report (LLQR) includes articles on recent guidance by the Council on Environmental Quality and Advisory Council on Historic Preservation to promote better integration of NEPA and Section 106 reviews, and on the Federal Highway Administration's Every Day Counts intitiative to better integrate planning and NEPA. "Efforts such as these to improve NEPA implementation are indicative of what we strive for at DOE every day -- better NEPA review, better decisions," said Carol Borgstrom, Director, Office of NEPA Policy and
Effects of Temporal Wind Patterns on the Value of Wind-Generated Electricity in California and the Northwest
Wind Plant Integration: Costs, Status, and Issues," IEEE Power & Energy,wind power; the treatment of renewable energy in integrated resource planning; the cost
Wiser, Ryan H
Issues for reuse of gloveboxes at LANL TA-55
This report is a summary of issues that face plutonium glovebox designers and users at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Technical Area 55 (TA-55). Characterizing the issues is a step in the task of enhancing the next generation glovebox design to minimize waste streams while providing the other design functions. This report gives an initial assessment of eight important design and operation issues that can benefit from waste minimization.
Cadwallader, L.C.; Pinson, P.A.; Miller, C.F.
Role of Smarter Grids in Variable Renewable Resource Integration (Presentation)
This presentation discusses the role of smarter grids in variable renewable resource integration and references material from a forthcoming ISGAN issue paper: Smart Grid Contributions to Variable Renewable Resource Integration, co-written by the presenter and currently in review.
Miller, M.
Issue No. 5 * September 25, 2009 Issue No. 5 * September 25, 2009 In This Issue 'ü« Idaho's IWTU Rises ....................1 'ü« ETEC Looks Back in Time ..........1 'ü« In Brief .........................................1 'ü« People ..........................................8 - IN BRIEF - continued on page 7 continued on page 5 continued on page 2 With the Bubble Off, Idaho Plant Rises Fast On a plateau in the central part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Idaho Site, hundreds of construction workers are swarming over the skeleton of a new waste treatment plant with a deadline in mind-they have to transform the concrete and steel framework into a fully enclosed building before winter arrives. Once it is complete, the $570 million Integrated Waste Treatment Unit (IWTU) will start turning 900,000 gallons of sodium-bearing liquid waste into a stable granular
Grid Integration
Summarizes the goals and activities of the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program efforts within its grid integration subprogram.
Wind Energy: Issues to Consider Brian J. Frosch
Wind Energy: Issues to Consider Brian J. Frosch Joe L. Outlaw AFPCAgricultural and Food Policy Center The Texas A&M University System #12;Wind Energy: Issues to Consider Brian J. Frosch Joe L. Outlaw, such as wind. According to the World Wind Energy Association (WWEA), 14,900 megawatts (MW) of wind generation
Integrating Management Systems
Mission Execution by Mission Execution by Integrating our Management Systems Integrating our Management Systems 1 W e e k l y O p e r a t i o n s M e e t i n g N o v e m b e r 1 , 2 0 1 1 M i c h a e l J . W e i s Pulling the Pieces Together for Improving DOE Management to Enable Mission Execution 2 'éŚ Process changes Process changes 'éŚ Behavioral changes Behavioral changes 'éŚ System changes System changes Process Change Approach Strengthening and Expediting Decision Making 3 Proposed Outcomes Horizontal Integration Incoming DOE Business Crosscutting Issues (i.e. NLDC input) Hi-level Roadblocks Operations Management Council Associate Deputy Secretary Collaborative Action Process Chief Operating Officer Weekly Operations Council (OMC) Super 8 Secretary (ADS) (CAP) Board (COOB) p Meeting Endorsement / Commitment Super 8 US Meetings COO Meetings
Roadmap Integration Team Presentation
Presentation Presentation NP03-00 Slide 1 Generation IV Technology Roadmap NERAC Meeting: Washington, D.C. September 30, 2002 Roadmap Integration Team Presentation NP03-00 Slide 2 NERAC Meeting September 30, 2002 Generation IV Technology Roadmap * Identifies systems deployable by 2030 or earlier * Specifies six systems that offer significant advances towards: - Sustainability - Economics - Safety and reliability - Proliferation resistance and physical protection * Summarizes R&D activities and priorities for the systems * Lays the foundation for Generation IV R&D program plans Roadmap Integration Team Presentation NP03-00 Slide 3 NERAC Meeting September 30, 2002 The Technical Roadmap Report * Discusses the benefits, goals and challenges, and the importance of the fuel cycle * Describes evaluation and selection process
Solar thermal electric hybridization issues
Solar thermal electric systems have an advantage over many other renewable energy technologies because the former use heat as an intermediate energy carrier. This is an advantage as it allows for a relatively simple method of hybridization by using heat from fossil-fuel. Hybridization of solar thermal electric systems is a topic that has recently generated significant interest and controversy and has led to many diverse opinions. This paper discusses many of the issues associated with hybridization of solar thermal electric systems such as what role hybridization should play; how it should be implemented; what are the efficiency, environmental, and cost implications; what solar fraction is appropriate; how hybrid systems compete with solar-only systems; and how hybridization can impact commercialization efforts for solar thermal electric systems.
Williams, T A; Bohn, M S; Price, H W
Machining, Joining and Issues
Oct 18, 2011 ... The current power wind generation industry uses for its power ... In this work the behavior and improvement of tool life for ball end mills withĀ...
Issues with infrared thermography
Abstract Infrared scanning radiometers are used to generate temperature maps of building envelope components, including windows and insulation. These temperature maps may...
Carbon-free generation
Carbon-free generation Carbon-free generation Carbon-free central generation of electricity, either through fossil fuel combustion with carbon dioxide capture and storage or development of renewable sources such as solar, wind, and/or nuclear power, is key to our future energy portfolio. Brookhaven also provides tools and techniques for studying geological carbon dioxide sequestration and analyzing safety issues for nuclear systems. Our nation faces grand challenges: finding alternative and cleaner energy sources and improving efficiency to meet our exponentially growing energy needs. Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory are poised to meet these challenges with basic and applied research programs aimed at advancing the effective use of renewable energy through improved conversion,
Diversity Issues Committee - Mission Statement
Diversity Issues Committee Mission Statement Investigate and study issues relating to diversity in the SUF workforce. Provide recommendations to SUF management to improve the work...
Converting Existing Backup Generators into Dispatchable System Resources: Assessing the Business Case
This report addresses the issues associated with using backup generators as flexible distribution system resources. Both technical issues of the interconnection, including communications arrangements and protocols, and business issues such as contract structures are examined.
Steam Generator Management Program: Steam Generator Progress Report: Revision 18
BackgroundSince 1985, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has published the Steam Generator Progress Report (SGPR), which provides historical information on worldwide steam generator activities. This document was published once a year and distributed via hardcopy. Until 1998, the method of acquiring data for this report had been to issue annual survey forms to all PWR and pressurized heavy water reactor nuclear utilities worldwide. The information included in ...
with another option to reduce peak load, relieve transmission congestion, and improve power reliability. Backup generation is widely deployed across the United States. Carnegie...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Transmission Planning and Analysis
Transmission Planning and Analysis Transmission Planning and Analysis Thumbnail of map the United States that shows wind resources and transmission lines. Enlarge image This map shows the location of wind resources and transmission lines in the United States. See a larger image or state maps. NREL researchers are engaged in transmission planning and analysis to strengthen the electric power system through the integration of solar and wind power. As demand for electricity increases, electric power system operators must plan for and construct new generation and transmission lines. However, variable generation such as solar and wind power plants are often located far from the loads they serve. They depend on transmission lines to transport the electricity they produce to load centers. NREL is working with industry and utilities to address issues related to
Accelerating News Issue 5
In this spring issue, we look at developments towards higher luminosity and higher energy colliders. We report on the technology developed for the remote powering of the LHC magnets and studies of diagnostics based on higher order mode port signals. We also inform you about the main outcome of the TIARA survey on market needs for accelerator scientists.
Szeberenyi, A
In this issue
The following topics are discussed in this issue: (1) review of a decade of research in plasma studies at Cornell, (2) reaching ignition temperature in a controlled thermonuclear reactor, (3) heating toroidal plasmas with electron beams, (4) new sources of very high power, and (5) an ion ring bottle for a fusion reactor. (MOW)
Intergenerational transmission of generativity and its contribution to well-being.
??According to Erik Erikson (1950/1963), generativity was a salient issue in middle adulthood and defined as the interests in caring for the next generation. Theģ (more)
Chan, Wai (??)
Issues in midterm analysis and forecasting 1998
Issues in Midterm Analysis and Forecasting 1998 (Issues) presents a series of nine papers covering topics in analysis and modeling that underlie the Annual Energy Outlook 1998 (AEO98), as well as other significant issues in midterm energy markets. AEO98, DOE/EIA-0383(98), published in December 1997, presents national forecasts of energy production, demand, imports, and prices through the year 2020 for five cases -- a reference case and four additional cases that assume higher and lower economic growth and higher and lower world oil prices than in the reference case. The forecasts were prepared by the Energy Information Administration (EIA), using EIA`s National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). The papers included in Issues describe underlying analyses for the projections in AEO98 and the forthcoming Annual Energy Outlook 1999 and for other products of EIA`s Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Their purpose is to provide public access to analytical work done in preparation for the midterm projections and other unpublished analyses. Specific topics were chosen for their relevance to current energy issues or to highlight modeling activities in NEMS. 59 figs., 44 tabs.
During the period July 1, 2003-September 30, 2003, Allegheny Energy Supply Co., LLC (Allegheny) proceeded with demonstration operations at the Willow Island Generating Station and improvements to the Albright Generating Station cofiring systems. The demonstration operations at Willow Island were designed to document integration of bio mass cofiring into commercial operations, including evaluating new sources of biomass supply. The Albright improvements were designed to increase the resource base for the projects, and to address issues that came up during the first year of operations. During this period, a major presentation summarizing the program was presented at the Pittsburgh Coal Conference. This report summarizes the activities associated with the Designer Opportunity Fuel program, and demonstrations at Willow Island and Albright Generating Stations.
NREL: Energy Analysis: Electric Sector Integration
Electric Sector Integration Electric Sector Integration Integrating higher levels of renewable resources into the U.S. electricity system could pose challenges to the operability of the nation's grid. NREL's electric sector integration analysis work investigates the potential impacts of expanding renewable technology deployment on grid operations and infrastructure expansion including: Feasibility of higher levels of renewable electricity generation. Options for increasing electric system flexibility to accommodate higher levels of variable renewable electricity. Impacts of renewable electricity generation on efficiency and emissions of conventional generators. Grid expansion and planning to allow large scale deployment of renewable generation. Graphic showing a high concept diagram of how a modern electricity system can be designed to include storage and incorporate large scale renewable generation. High Renewable Generation Electric System Flexibility and Storage Impacts on Conventional Generators Transmission Infrastructure
Outage management and health physics issue, 2007
The focus of the May-June issue is on outage management and health physics. Major articles/reports in this issue include: India: a potential commercial opportunity, a U.S. Department of Commerce Report, by Joe Neuhoff and Justin Rathke; The changing climate for nuclear energy, by Skip Bowman, Nuclear Energy Insitute; Selecting protective clothing, by J. Mark Price, Southern California Edison; and Succssful refurbishment outage, by Sudesh K. Gambhir, Omaha Public Power District. Industry innovation articles in this issue are: Containment radiation monitoring spiking, by Michael W. Lantz and Robert Routolo, Arizona Public Service Company; Improved outage performance, by Michael Powell and Troy Wilfong, Arizona Public Service Company, Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station; Stop repacking valves and achieve leak-free performance, by Kenneth Hart, PPL Susquehanna LLC; and Head assembly upgrade package, by Timothy Petit, Dominion Nuclear.
Agnihotri, Newal (ed.)
Steam Generator Management Program: Flaw Handbook Calculator
The EPRI Steam Generator Management Program: Steam Generator Degradation Specific Flaw Handbook v1.0 defines burst pressure equations for steam generator tubes with various degradation morphologies, and the EPRI Steam Generator Management Program: Steam Generator Integrity Assessment Guidelines (1019038) describes a probabilistic evaluation process which can be used to account for key input parameter uncertainties. The Flaw Handbook Calculator software is an automated Microsoft Excelspreadsheet which cal...
In summary, stoker-fired boilers that cofire or switch to biomass fuel may potentially have to deal with ash behavior issues such as production of different concentrations and quantities of fine particulate or aerosols and ash-fouling deposition. Stoker boiler operators that are considering switching to biomass and adding potential infrastructure to accommodate the switch may also at the same time be looking into upgrades that will allow for generating additional power for sale on the grid. This is the case for the feasibility study being done currently for a small (<1-MW) stoker facility at the North Dakota State Penitentiary, which is considering not only the incorporation of a lower-cost biomass fuel but also a refurbishing of the stoker boiler to burn slightly hotter with the ability to generate more power and sell excess energy on the grid. These types of fuel and boiler changes can greatly affect ash behavior issues.
Greg F. Weber; Christopher J. Zygarlicke
In summary, stoker-fired boilers that cofire or switch to biomass fuel may potentially have to deal with ash behavior issues such as production of different concentrations and quantities of fine particulate or aerosols and ash-fouling deposition. Stoker boiler operators that are considering switching to biomass and adding potential infrastructure to accommodate the switch may also at the same time be looking into upgrades that will allow for generating additional power for sale on the grid. This is the case for the feasibility study being done currently for a small (boiler to burn slightly hotter with the ability to generate more power and sell excess energy on the grid. These types of fuel and boiler changes can greatly affect ash behavior issues.
Insolation integrator
An electric signal representative of the rate of insolation is integrated to determine if it is adequate for operation of a solar energy collection system.
Dougherty, John J. (Norristown, PA); Rudge, George T. (Lansdale, PA)
Idaho National LaboratoryÆs (INL) high temperature electrolysis research to generate hydrogen using solid oxide electrolysis cells is presented in this paper. The research results reported here have been obtained in a laboratory-scale apparatus. These results and common scale-up issues also indicate that for the technology to be successful in a large industrial setting, several technical, economical, and manufacturing issues have to be resolved. Some of the issues related to solid oxide cells are stack design and performance optimization, identification and evaluation of cell performance degradation parameters and processes, integrity and reliability of the solid oxide electrolysis (SOEC) stacks, life-time prediction and extension of the SOEC stack, and cost reduction and economic manufacturing of the SOEC stacks. Besides the solid oxide cells, balance of the hydrogen generating plant also needs significant development. These issues are process and ohmic heat source needed for maintaining the reaction temperature (~830░C), high temperature heat exchangers and recuperators, equal distribution of the reactants into each cell, system analysis of hydrogen and associated energy generating plant, and cost optimization. An economic analysis of this plant was performed using the standardized H2A Analysis Methodology developed by the Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program, and using realistic financial and cost estimating assumptions. The results of the economic analysis demonstrated that the HTE hydrogen production plant driven by a high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear power plant can deliver hydrogen at a cost of $3.23/kg of hydrogen assuming an internal rate of return of 10%. These issues need interdisciplinary research effort of federal laboratories, solid oxide cell manufacturers, hydrogen consumers, and other such stakeholders. This paper discusses research and development accomplished by INL on such issues and highlights associated challenges that need to be addressed for hydrogen to become an economical and viable option.
M. S. Sohal; J. E. O'Brien; C. M. Stoots; M. G. McKellar; J. S. Herring; E. A. Harvego
Volume III, Issue 11
III, Issue 11 III, Issue 11 November 2013 your connection to Brookhaven Lab's world-class science Maximizing Energy Gains from Tiny Nanoparticles Sometimes big change comes from small begin- nings. That's especially true in the research of Anatoly Frenkel, a professor of phys- ics at Yeshiva University, who is working to reinvent the way we use and produce energy by unlocking the potential of some of the world's tiniest structures - nanoparticles. "The nanoparticle is the smallest unit in most novel materials, and all of its prop- erties are linked in one way or another to its structure," said Frenkel. "If we can un- derstand that connection, we can derive much more infor- mation about how it can be used for catalysis, energy, and other purposes."
Sample Changes and Issues
Sample and Model Issues Sample and Model Issues Summary Our comprehensive review of the EIA 914 has confirmed that discrepancies can arise between estimates for December of one year and January of the next. These are most evident for Texas estimates between December 2008 and January 2009. Reports now available from HPDI show that production for all the companies we sampled in both 2008 and 2009 rose by about 60 million cubic feet per day (MMcf/d) in January and that total production in Texas rose by a similar amount. Our estimate was a decrease of 360 MMcf/d. Why the difference? Computationally, EIA-914 estimates depend on two factors: * Reports from the companies in the survey sample * An expansion factor to estimate total production from the sample's reported
Discussion of Process Issues
Study and Study and Criteria for Designation of National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors March 29, 2006 Discussion of Process Issues David Meyer Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability US Department of Energy 2 Two Basic, Interdependent Issues Geographic Scope of National Corridors Appropriate Timing for Designation of a National Corridor Interdependent because route becomes more predictable as a proposed project is refined 3 New Term: Electric Transmission Constraint Area "Constraint Area" would refer to a problem in the transmission infrastructure Usually would not have a precise locus or boundaries By designating a Constraint Area, DOE could flag an important problem - and remain agnostic about how to solve it 4 Relationship of Constraint Areas
Changes in the Economic Value of Variable Generation at High Penetration Levels: A Pilot Case Study of California
Optimal investments in power generation under centralizedwith significant wind power generation. IEEE Transactions onmodeling of a regional power generation system - integrating
Mills, Andrew
Emerging Protective Relay Issues
The synchrophasor technology gains industrywide interest and momentum. Thousands of phasor measurement units (PMUs) will be deployed in substations across the North American power grid in the next few years. However, the synchrophasor technology and associated industry standards are still under development and evolve every day. Utilities, particularly those that have ongoing synchrophasor projects, are facing various challenges and issues in the practical deployment and application of the technology. The...
Issue Development sheet Example
ISSUE DEVELOPMENT SHEET INFORMATION ONLY The information provided below indicates that a potential concern for finding has been identified. Please provide any objective evidence you may have that could either alleviate the concern or eliminate the finding. If no objective evidence is available/can be provided by the end of this audit (at the scheduled end of field work), this information will be included in the audit report and reported as a concern or an audit finding as appropriate.
What about I3 - INFOSEC Integration Issues: "What worked ...
... He also provided INFOSEC presentations for Congressional staffs, Gartner Group, Conference Board, Price Waterhouse, Exxon, Freddie Mac ...
Joining and Integration Issues of Ceramic Matrix Composites for ...
Materials with the highest potential for these applications are fibre reinforced CMC, ... carbon fiber reinforced/carbon matrix composites (C/C) and silicon carbideĀ...
Scientific Innovation Through Integration
pnnl.gov pnnl.gov Cell Isolation and Systems Analysis Multi-photon fluorescence microscope: Seamlessly integrates nonlinear two-photon excitation, laser scanning confocal microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) for minimally invasive and deep-penetrating 3D imaging of living tissues and cells as well as quantitative investigation of molecular interaction dynamics by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in living cells. Transcriptional profiling using next-generation sequencing technology (RNA-Seq): Offers massively parallel next-generation sequencing platforms for unbiased and quantitative profiling of gene expression patterns in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, complete with facilities for sample preparation as well as data processing and analysis.
GT-MHR power conversion system: Design status and technical issues
The Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) builds on 30 years of international gas-cooled reactor experience utilizing the unique properties of helium gas coolant, graphite moderator and coated particle fuel. To efficiently utilize the high temperature potential of the MHR, an innovative power conversion system has been developed featuring an intercooled and recuperated gas turbine. The gas turbine replaces a conventional steam turbine and its many auxiliary components. The Power Conversion System converts the thermal energy of the helium directly into electrical energy utilizing a closed Brayton cycle. The Power Conversion System draws on even more years of experience than the MHR: the world`s first closed-cycle plant, fossil fired and utilizing air as working fluid, started operation in Switzerland in 1939. Shortly thereafter, in 1945, the coupling of a closed-cycle plant to a nuclear heat generation system was conceived. Directly coupling the closed-cycle gas turbine concept to a modern, passively safe nuclear reactor opens a new chapter in power generation technology and brings with it various design challenges. Some of these challenges are associated with the direct coupling of the Power Conversion System to a nuclear reactor. Since the primary coolant is also the working fluid, the Power Conversion System has to be designed for reactor radionuclide plateout. As a result, issues like component maintainability and replaceability, and fission product effects on materials must be addressed. Other issues concern the integration of the Power Conversion System components into a single vessel. These issues include the selection of key technologies for the power conversion components such as submerged generator, magnetic bearings, seals, compact heat exchangers, and the overall system layout.
Etzel, K.; Baccaglini, G.; Schwartz, A. [General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); Hillman, S.; Mathis, D. [AlliedSignal Aerospace, Tempe, AZ (United States)
Microgrids: distributed on-site generation
Microgrids: distributed on-site generation Suleiman Abu-Sharkh, Rachel Li, Tom Markvart, Neil Ross for Climate Change Research Technical Report 22 #12;1 Microgrids: distributed on-site generation Tyndall production by small scale generators in close proximity to the energy users, integrated into microgrids
Watson, Andrew
Precision linear ramp function generator
A ramp function generator is provided which produces a precise linear ramp function which is repeatable and highly stable. A derivative feedback loop is used to stabilize the output of an integrator in the forward loop and control the ramp rate. The ramp may be started from a selected baseline voltage level and the desired ramp rate is selected by applying an appropriate constant voltage to the input of the integrator.
Jatko, W.B.; McNeilly, D.R.; Thacker, L.H.
Hot Leg Piping Materials Issues
With Naval Reactors (NR) approval of the Naval Reactors Prime Contractor Team (NRPCT) recommendation to develop a gas cooled reactor directly coupled to a Brayton power conversion system as the space nuclear power plant (SNPP) for Project Prometheus (References a and b) the reactor outlet piping was recognized to require a design that utilizes internal insulation (Reference c). The initial pipe design suggested ceramic fiber blanket as the insulation material based on requirements associated with service temperature capability within the expected range, very low thermal conductivity, and low density. Nevertheless, it was not considered to be well suited for internal insulation use because its very high surface area and proclivity for holding adsorbed gases, especially water, would make outgassing a source of contaminant gases in the He-Xe working fluid. Additionally, ceramic fiber blanket insulating materials become very friable after relatively short service periods at working temperatures and small pieces of fiber could be dislodged and contaminate the system. Consequently, alternative insulation materials were sought that would have comparable thermal properties and density but superior structural integrity and greatly reduced outgassing. This letter provides technical information regarding insulation and materials issues for the Hot Leg Piping preconceptual design developed for the Project Prometheus space nuclear power plant (SNPP).
V. Munne
Integration of Renewables: Preprint
This is an overview of renewable energy technologies, especially those that can be used for distributed generation of electricity or heat. It This paper reviews the types of technologies, their present usage in the United States, their advantages in terms of resources, availability, modularity, emissions, and integration in distributed energy systems. It reviews some of the history of their use and projects their growth and cost.
Bull, S.
Integrated Assessment Modeling
This paper discusses the role of Integrated Assessment models (IAMs) in climate change research. IAMs are an interdisciplinary research platform, which constitutes a consistent scientific framework in which the large-scale interactions between human and natural Earth systems can be examined. In so doing, IAMs provide insights that would otherwise be unavailable from traditional single-discipline research. By providing a broader view of the issue, IAMs constitute an important tool for decision support. IAMs are also a home of human Earth system research and provide natural Earth system scientists information about the nature of human intervention in global biogeophysical and geochemical processes.
Edmonds, James A.; Calvin, Katherine V.; Clarke, Leon E.; Janetos, Anthony C.; Kim, Son H.; Wise, Marshall A.; McJeon, Haewon C.
Smart Grid Integration Laboratory
The initial federal funding for the Colorado State University Smart Grid Integration Laboratory is through a Congressionally Directed Project (CDP), DE-OE0000070 Smart Grid Integration Laboratory. The original program requested in three one-year increments for staff acquisition, curriculum development, and instrumentation Ō?? all which will benefit the Laboratory. This report focuses on the initial phase of staff acquisition which was directed and administered by DOE NETL/ West Virginia under Project Officer Tom George. Using this CDP funding, we have developed the leadership and intellectual capacity for the SGIC. This was accomplished by investing (hiring) a core team of Smart Grid Systems engineering faculty focused on education, research, and innovation of a secure and smart grid infrastructure. The Smart Grid Integration Laboratory will be housed with the separately funded Integrid Laboratory as part of CSUŌ??s overall Smart Grid Integration Center (SGIC). The period of performance of this grant was 10/1/2009 to 9/30/2011 which included one no cost extension due to time delays in faculty hiring. The Smart Grid Integration LaboratoryŌ??s focus is to build foundations to help graduate and undergraduates acquire systems engineering knowledge; conduct innovative research; and team externally with grid smart organizations. Using the results of the separately funded Smart Grid Workforce Education Workshop (May 2009) sponsored by the City of Fort Collins, Northern Colorado Clean Energy Cluster, Colorado State University Continuing Education, Spirae, and Siemens has been used to guide the hiring of faculty, program curriculum and education plan. This project develops faculty leaders with the intellectual capacity to inspire its students to become leaders that substantially contribute to the development and maintenance of Smart Grid infrastructure through topics such as: (1) Distributed energy systems modeling and control; (2) Energy and power conversion; (3) Simulation of electrical power distribution system that integrates significant quantities of renewable and distributed energy resources; (4) System dynamic modeling that considers end-user behavior, economics, security and regulatory frameworks; (5) Best practices for energy management IT control solutions for effective distributed energy integration (including security with the underlying physical power systems); (6) Experimental verification of effects of various arrangements of renewable generation, distributed generation and user load types along with conventional generation and transmission. Understanding the core technologies for enabling them to be used in an integrated fashion within a distribution network remains is a benefit to the future energy paradigm and future and present energy engineers.
Wade Troxell
Integrated Project Team RM
Integrated Project Team (IPT) Review Module Integrated Project Team (IPT) Review Module March 2010 CD-0 This R O 0 Review Modul OFFICE OF Inte C CD-1 le was piloted F ENVIRO Standard R grated P Rev Critical Decis CD-2 M at the OR U 23 incorporated ONMENTAL Review Plan Project Te view Module sion (CD) Ap CD March 2010 33 Disposition in the Review L MANAGE n (SRP) eam (IPT e pplicability D-3 Project in 200 Module. EMENT T) CD-4 09. Lessons lea Post Ope arned have been eration n Standard Review Plan, 2 nd Edition, March 2010 i FOREWORD The Standard Review Plan (SRP) 1 provides a consistent, predictable corporate review framework to ensure that issues and risks that could challenge the success of Office of Environmental Management (EM) projects are identified early and addressed proactively. The internal EM
NETL: Gasification Systems - ITM Oxygen Technology for integration...
Quality History Key Staff KEY ISSUES & MANDATES Secure & Reliable Energy Clean Power Generation Toward a Hydrogen Economy Climate Change Energy Efficiency Critical...
Steam Generator Reference Book, Revision 1: Volume 1
The Steam Generator Reference Book documents the state of the art in PWR steam generator technology, providing a comprehensive source for operators, owners, and designers of PWR nuclear power plants. The book summarizes pertinent steam generator operating issues and provides recommendations to improve operational efficiency. Information in the book represents 15 years of research and development activity over the course of several hundred research projects involving PWR steam generator issues.
Data collecting and processing for substation integration enhancement
The issue of substation integration is recognized as a very important one ever since the process of technological development brought a multitude of new computer-based devices and functions into substation operation. During the relatively short time period after the first microprocessors were invented, a myriad of computer-based devices found their application in power engineering. Those devices had a variety of input and output data formats, which hampered exchange of data among different devices. Recent initiatives for standardization of substation data formats and communication protocols have progressed to facilitate production of devices with standardized data formats and data exchange capabilities. Central substation computers now have an opportunity to collect and process data from such computer-based devices. An advanced data collecting and processing solution is developed and implemented as Integrated Substation Software in an effort to enhance substation integration. This report describes a solution that comprises data generation using a substation model, data collecting from modeled apparatus and instruments and finally application of data processing and consistency checking algorithms for creating outputs. The process of data collecting and processing is automated and repeated in equidistant time intervals. Results of processing and related reports are concisely displayed on the user interface screen and exported through data files. The Substation Integration Software was tested through the set of scenarios where each scenario is used to test one of the processing and consistency checking algorithms. The results show that measurements are improved and applicable for usage by other substation and system-wide applications.
Jakovljevic, Sasa
Nuclear Safeguards Infrastructure Development and Integration with Safety and Security
Faced with increasing global energy demands, many developing countries are considering building their first nuclear power plant. As a country embarks upon or expands its nuclear power program, it should consider how it will address the 19 issues laid out in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) document Milestones in Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power. One of those issues specifically addresses the international nonproliferation treaties and commitments and the implementation of safeguards to prevent diversion of nuclear material from peaceful purposes to nuclear weapons. Given the many legislative, economic, financial, environmental, operational, and other considerations preoccupying their planners, it is often difficult for countries to focus on developing the core strengths needed for effective safeguards implementation. Typically, these countries either have no nuclear experience or it is limited to the operation of research reactors used for radioisotope development and scientific research. As a result, their capacity to apply safeguards and manage fuel operations for a nuclear power program is limited. This paper argues that to address the safeguards issue effectively, a holistic approach must be taken to integrate safeguards with the other IAEA issues including safety and security - sometimes referred to as the '3S' concept. Taking a holistic approach means that a country must consider safeguards within the context of its entire nuclear power program, including operations best practices, safety, and security as well as integration with its larger nonproliferation commitments. The Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration's International Nuclear Safeguards and Engagement Program (INSEP) has been involved in bilateral technical cooperation programs for over 20 years to promote nonproliferation and the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. INSEP is currently spearheading efforts to promote the development of nuclear safeguards infrastructure in countries with credible plans for nuclear energy as part of the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative. Developing an adequate safeguards infrastructure is critical to becoming a responsible 'owner' of nuclear power. The 3S concept is the optimal path forward to achieving this goal.
Kovacic, Donald N [ORNL; Raffo-Caiado, Ana Claudia [ORNL; McClelland-Kerr, John [U.S. Department of Energy; Van sickle, Matthew [U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration; Bissani, Mo [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
NREL: Electricity Integration Research - Facilities
Facilities Facilities NREL's electricity integration research is conducted in state-of-the-art facilities. These facilities assist industry in the development of power systems and address the operational challenges of full system integration. The Energy Systems Integration Facility can be used to design, test, and analyze components and systems to enable economic, reliable integration of renewable electricity, fuel production, storage, and building efficiency technologies with the U.S. electricity delivery infrastructure. New grid integration capabilities at the National Wind Technology Center will allow testing of many grid integration aspects of multi-megawatt, utility-scale variable renewable generation and storage technologies. The Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility can be used to characterize,
Technology transfer issue
Testimony by Lawrence J. Brady, Commerce Assistant Secretary for Trade Administration, at Congressional hearings on the national security issues of technology transfers to the Soviet Union identified steps the US needs to take to deal effectively with the problem. These steps include an understanding of how the Soviet Union has and will benefit militarily by acquiring Western technology and efforts to work with other countries, counterintelligence agencies, and industries to stem the flow of technological information. Brady outlined changes in technology development that complicate the enforcement of transfer rules, and emphasized the importance of a close relationship between the business community and the Commerce Department. (DCK)
Jacobson, C.
Software management issues
The difficulty of managing the software in large HEP collaborations appears to becoming progressively worst with each new generation of detector. If one were to extrapolate to the SSC, it will become a major problem. This paper explores the possible causes of the difficulty and makes suggestions on what corrective actions should be taken.
Kunz, P.F.
Distribution Screening for Distributed Generation
As the deployment of renewable distributed generation increases, the need for traditional energy providers to interact with these resources increases. Detailed modeling and simulation of the distribution and distributed resources is a critical element to better analyze, understand and predict these interactions. EPRI has developed a tool for such analysis called OpenDSS. In addition, as part of the renewable integration program an applet was created for screening distributed generation (DG). This report ...
Data Grids and Data Grid Performance Issues
Introduction --- Data Grid Architecture --- Existing Data Grid Systems .DPSS and SRB . Part II --- Current Data Grid Work .Globus + LBNL work .other data grid projects . Part III --- Data Grid Performance Issues .network and TCP Issues . application design considerations 2 The Data Grid Introduction The Data Grid Problem . The Problem --- To enable a geographically distributed community to performance analyses on petabytes of data efficiently and cost-effectively. . The Proposed Solution --- The Data Grid 3 The Data Grid Computational/Data Grids . Grid / Computational Grid: --- The integration of various approaches used for coupling geographically dispersed resources --- analogy with the grid that supplies ubiquitous access to electric power --- Basic grid services are those that locate, allocate, coordinate, utilize these resources . Data Grid: --- ser
Brian L. Tierney
Reformulated gasoline quality issues
One year ago, a panel of industry experts were interviewed in the November/December 1994 issue of Fuel Reformulation (Vol. 4, No. 6). With the focus then and now on refinery investments, the panelists were asked to forecast which refining processes would grow in importance. It is apparent from their response, and from other articles and discussions throughout the year, that hydroprocessing and catalytic conversion processes are synergistic in the overall refinery design, with flexibility and process objectives varying on a unit-by-unit case. To an extent, future refinery investments in downstream petrochemicals, such as for paraxylene production, are based on available catalytic reforming feedstock. Just a importantly, hydroprocessing units (hydrotreating, hydrocracking) needed for clean fuel production (gasoline, diesel, aviation fuel), are heavily dependent on hydrogen production from the catalytic reformer. Catalytic reforming`s significant influence in the refinery hydrogen balance, as well as its status as a significant naphtha conversion route to higher-quality fuels, make this unit a high-priority issue for engineers and planners striving for flexibility.
Gonzalez, R.G.; Felch, D.E.; Edgar, M.D.
Environmental issues in China
Global concern about the environment is increasing, and the People's Republic of China (PRC) is not immune from such concerns. The Chinese face issues similar to those of many other developing nations. The US Department of Energy is particularly interested in national and world pollution issues, especially those that may infringe on other countries' economic growth and development. The DOE is also interested in any opportunities that might exist for US technical assistance and equipment in combating environmental problems. Our studies of articles in the China Daily, and English-language daily newspaper published by the Chinese government, show that population, pollution, and energy are major concerns of the Chinese Communist Party. Thus this report emphasizes the official Chinese government view. Supporting data were also obtained from other sources. Regardless of the severity of their various environmental problems, the Chinese will only try to remedy those problems with the greatest negative effects on its developing economy. They will be looking for foreign assistance, financial and informational, to help implement solutions. With the Chinese government seeking assistance, the United States has an opportunity to export basic technical information, especially in the areas of pollution control and monitoring, oil exploration methods, oil drilling technology, water and sewage treatment procedures, hazardous waste and nuclear waste handling techniques, and nuclear power plant safety procedures. In those areas the US has expertise and extensive technical experience, and by exporting the technologies the US would benefit both economically and politically. 59 refs., 3 figs.
Travis, P.S.
NIST Testimony on Earthquake Issues
NIST Testimony on Earthquake Issues. 2009. The Reauthorization of the National Earthquake Hazards Program: R&D for ...
NIST Testimony on Computer Issues
NIST Testimony on Computer Issues. 2010. Cita Furlani House Oversight Testimony Cloud Computing, July 1, 2010 Cloud ...
Heat Pipe Integrated Microsystems
The trend in commercial electronics packaging to deliver ever smaller component packaging has enabled the development of new highly integrated modules meeting the demands of the next generation nano satellites. At under ten kilograms, these nano satellites will require both a greater density electronics and a melding of satellite structure and function. Better techniques must be developed to remove the subsequent heat generated by the active components required to-meet future computing requirements. Integration of commercially available electronics must be achieved without the increased costs normally associated with current generation multi chip modules. In this paper we present a method of component integration that uses silicon heat pipe technology and advanced flexible laminate circuit board technology to achieve thermal control and satellite structure. The' electronics/heat pipe stack then becomes an integral component of the spacecraft structure. Thermal management on satellites has always been a problem. The shrinking size of electronics and voltage requirements and the accompanying reduction in power dissipation has helped the situation somewhat. Nevertheless, the demands for increased onboard processing power have resulted in an ever increasing power density within the satellite body. With the introduction of nano satellites, small satellites under ten kilograms and under 1000 cubic inches, the area available on which to place hot components for proper heat dissipation has dwindled dramatically. The resulting satellite has become nearly a solid mass of electronics with nowhere to dissipate heat to space. The silicon heat pipe is attached to an aluminum frame using a thermally conductive epoxy or solder preform. The frame serves three purposes. First, the aluminum frame provides a heat conduction path from the edge of the heat pipe to radiators on the surface of the satellite. Secondly, it serves as an attachment point for extended structures attached to the satellite such as solar panels, radiators, antenna and.telescopes (for communications or sensors). Finally, the packages make thermal contact to the surface of the silicon heat pipe through soft thermal pads. Electronic components can be placed on both sides of the flexible circuit interconnect. Silicon heat pipes have a number of advantages over heat pipe constructed from other materials. Silicon heat pipes offer the ability to put the heat pipe structure beneath the active components of a processed silicon wafer. This would be one way of efficiently cooling the heat generated by wafer scale integrated systems. Using this technique, all the functions of a satellite could be reduced to a few silicon wafers. The integration of the heat pipe and the electronics would further reduce the size and weight of the satellite.
Gass, K.; Robertson, P.J.; Shul, R.; Tigges, C.
Outage managment and health physics issue, 2008
The focus of the May-June issue is on outage management and health physics. Major articles include: Outage optimization initiatives, by George B. Beam, AREVA NP, Inc.; New plant based on excellent track records, by Jim Scarola, Progress Energy; Meeting customer needs and providing environmental benefits, by Peter S. Hastings, Duke Energy; Plants with 3-D design, by Jack A. Bailey, Tennessee Valley Authority; and Highest quality with exceptional planning, by Jason A. Walls, Duke Energy. Industry innovation articles include: Integrated exposure reduction plan, by Ed Wolfe, Exelon; Performance-based radiation worker training, by Joe Giuffre and Timothy Vriezerma, American Electric Power.
Evidence from the U.S. and some other countries indicates that organized wholesale markets for electrical energy and operating reserves do not provide adequate incentives to stimulate the proper quantity or mix of generating capacity consistent with mandatory reliability criteria. A large part of the problem can be associated with the failure of wholesale spot market prices for energy and operating reserves to rise to high enough levels during periods when generating capacity is fully utilized. Reforms to wholesale energy markets, the introduction of well-design forward capacity markets, and symmetrical treatment of demand response and generating capacity resources to respond to market and institutional imperfections are discussed. This policy reform program is compatible with improving the efficiency of spot wholesale electricity markets, the continued evolution of competitive retail markets, and restores incentives for efficient investment in generating capacity consistent with operating reliability criteria applied by system operators. It also responds to investment disincentives that have been associated with volatility in wholesale energy prices, limited hedging opportunities and to concerns about regulatory opportunism. 1
Paul L. Joskow; Paul L. Joskow; Paul L. Joskow
Steam Generator Management Program: Steam Generator In Situ Pressure Test Guidelines, Revision 4
Information in this document provides guidance for the performance of in situ pressure testing of steam generator tubes. In situ pressure testing refers to hydrostatic pressure tests performed on installed tubing in the field. Such testing is considered a direct means of evaluating tube structural and leakage integrity. In situ pressure testing can be used to support condition monitoring of steam generator tube integrity.This is a required document for a steam generator program developed ...
Regulatory and Permitting Issues
As part of the West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (WESTCARB), Terralog Technologies USA, Inc., reviewed current state and federal regulations related to carbon dioxide capture and storage within geologic formations and enhanced carbon uptake in terrestrial ecosystems. We have evaluated and summarized the current and possible future permitting requirements for the six states that comprise the West Coast Regional Partnership. Four options exist for CO{sub 2} injection into appropriate geologic formations, including storage in: (1) oil and gas reservoirs, (2) saline formations, (3) unmineable coal beds, and (4) salt caverns. Terrestrial CO{sub 2} sequestration involves improved carbon conservation management (e.g. reduction of deforestation), carbon substitution (e.g., substitution for fossil fuel-based products, energy conservation through urban forestry, biomass for energy generation), and improved carbon storage management (e.g., expanding the storage of carbon in forest ecosystems). The primary terrestrial options for the West Coast Region include: (1) reforestation of under-producing lands (including streamside forest restoration), (2) improved forest management, (3) forest protection and conservation, and (4) fuel treatments for the reduction of risk of uncharacteristically severe fires (potentially with associated biomass energy generation). The permits and/or contracts required for any land-use changes/disturbances and biomass energy generation that may occur as part of WESTCARB's activities have been summarized for each state.
Larry Myer
NREL: Energy Systems Integration - Energy Systems Integration...
Energy Systems Integration Facility NREL's Energy Systems Integration Facility Garners LEED Platinum View the NREL Press Release. NREL's multistory Energy Systems Integration...
NREL: Energy Systems Integration - Integrated Deployment Workshop
Integrated Deployment Workshop Integrated Deployment Workshop The Energy Systems Integration Facility workshop, Integrated Deployment, was held August 21 - 23, 2012 at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado. Each day of the workshop, which included a tour of the Energy Systems Integration Facility, focused on a different topic: Day 1: Utility-Scale Renewable Integration Day 2: Distribution-Level Integration Day 3: Isolated and Islanded Grid Systems The agenda and presentations from the workshop are below. Agenda Energy Systems Integration Facility Overview ESIF Technology Partnerships Integrated Deployment Model Integrated Deployment and the Energy Systems Integration Facility: Workshop Proceedings Printable Version Energy Systems Integration Home Research & Development
Building-integrated photovoltaics
This is a study of the issues and opportunities for building-integrated PV products, seen primarily from the perspective of the design community. Although some quantitative analysis is included, and limited interviews are used, the essence of the study is qualitative and subjective. It is intended as an aid to policy makers and members of the technical community in planning and setting priorities for further study and product development. It is important to remember that the success of a product in the building market is not only dependent upon its economic value; the diverse group of building owners, managers, regulators, designers, tenants and users must also find it practical, aesthetically appealing and safe. The report is divided into 11 sections. A discussion of technical and planning considerations is followed by illustrative diagrams of different wall and roof assemblies representing a range of possible PV-integration schemes. Following the diagrams, several of these assemblies are then applied to a conceptual test building which is analyzed for PV performance. Finally, a discussion of mechanical/electrical building products incorporating PVs is followed by a brief surveys of cost issues, market potential and code implications. The scope of this report is such that most of the discussion does not go beyond stating the questions. A more detailed analysis will be necessary to establish the true costs and benefits PVs may provide to buildings, taking into account PV power revenue, construction costs, and hidden costs and benefits to building utility and marketability.
SAFARI 2000 Special Issue
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 26 (19) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 26 (19) OCTOBER 10, 2005 Privette JL, Roy DP. Southern Africa as a remote sensing test bed: the SAFARI 2000 Special Issue overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 26 (19): 4141-4158. Eckardt FD, Kuring N. SeaWiFS identifies dust sources in the Namib Desert. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 26 (19): 4159-4167. Hao WM, Ward DE, Susott RA, et al. Comparison of aerosol optical thickness measurements by MODIS, AERONET sun photometers, and Forest Service handheld sun photometers in southern Africa during the SAFARI 2000 campaign. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 26 (19): 4169-4183. Sa ACL, Pereira JMC, Silva JMN. Estimation of combustion completeness based on fire-induced spectral reflectance changes in a dambo grassland (Western Province, Zambia).
Turkey - Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Issues | Open Energy
Turkey - Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Issues Turkey - Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Issues Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Turkey - Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Issues Name Turkey - Analyzing Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Issues Agency/Company /Organization Argonne National Laboratory Partner Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Turkish Electricity Transmission-Generation Company Sector Energy Focus Area Energy Efficiency Topics Background analysis Website http://www.dis.anl.gov/pubs/39 Country Turkey Western Asia References http://www.dis.anl.gov/pubs/39156.pdf Abstract CEEESA trained a team of experts from Turkey's Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR) and the Turkish Electricity Transmission-Generation Company (TEAS) to use various ENPEP modules. CEEESA trained a team of experts from Turkey's Ministry of Energy and
On Shear-Generated Gravity Waves that Reach the Mesosphere. Part I: Wave Generation
A long unresolved issue in nonorographic gravity wave generation is whether there is significant emission from Kelvin¢Helmholtz (KH) shear instability in the lower stratosphere, for instance, just above tropopause jets. Such emission has often ...
Oliver B³hler; Michael E. McIntyre; John F. Scinocca
Turbine-generator set development for power generation
The goal of this effort was to design, develop, and demonstrate an integrated turbine genset suitable for the power generation requirements of a hybrid automotive propulsion system. The result of this effort would have been prototype generator hardware including controllers for testing and evaluation by Allison Engine Company. The generator would have been coupled to a suitably sized and configured gas turbine engine, which would operate on a laboratory load bank. This effort could lead to extensive knowledge and design capability in the most efficient generator design for hybrid electric vehicle power generation and potentially to commercialization of these advanced technologies. Through the use of the high-speed turbines as a power source for the hybrid-electric vehicles, a significant reduction in nitrous oxides emissions would be achieved when compared to those of conventional gas powered vehicles.
Adams, D.J. [Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Berenyi, S.G. [Allison Engine Co., Indianapolis, IN (United States)
Towards a fast enterprise ontology based method for post merger integration
Our research program aims at finding and testing method components for deciding on and implementing organizational splits and mergers. We tested a method to timely detect design & migration issues of a Post Merger Integration. Using actors from Enterprise ... Keywords: DEMO, PMI, enterprise networks, enterprise ontology, merging IT systems, merging organizations, migration issues, operational integrity, post merger integration, return on modeling effort
Martin Op 't Land; Hans Zwitzer; Paul Ensink; Quentin Lebel
Proceedings: EPRI 11th Annual NDE Issues Meeting
For the past 10 years, EPRI has transferred research and applications solutions to its subscribing members during this annual event. At this meeting, members are invited to provide important feedback on emergent issues, solutions needed, and desired direction of the EPRI Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Center. The 11th Annual NDE Issues Meeting was held July 16-18, 2001, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and was hosted by Ontario Power Generation.
Critical issues in process control system security : DHS spares project.
The goals of this event are: (1) Discuss the next-generation issues and emerging risks in cyber security for control systems; (2) Review and discuss common control system architectures; (3) Discuss the role of policy, standards, and supply chain issues; (4) Interact to determine the most pertinent risks and most critical areas of the architecture; and (5) Merge feedback from Control System Managers, Engineers, IT, and Auditors.
Hernandez, Jacquelynne; McIntyre, Annie; Henrie, Morgan
Photovoltaic Power Generation
This report is an overview of photovoltaic power generation. The purpose of the report is to provide the reader with a general understanding of photovoltaic power generation and how PV technology can be practically applied. There is a brief discussion of early research and a description of how photovoltaic cells convert sunlight to electricity. The report covers concentrating collectors, flat-plate collectors, thin-film technology, and building-integrated systems. The discussion of photovoltaic cell types includes single-crystal, poly-crystalline, and thin-film materials. The report covers progress in improving cell efficiencies, reducing manufacturing cost, and finding economic applications of photovoltaic technology. Lists of major manufacturers and organizations are included, along with a discussion of market trends and projections. The conclusion is that photovoltaic power generation is still more costly than conventional systems in general. However, large variations in cost of conventional electrical power, and other factors, such as cost of distribution, create situations in which the use of PV power is economically sound. PV power is used in remote applications such as communications, homes and villages in developing countries, water pumping, camping, and boating. Gridconnected applications such as electric utility generating facilities and residential rooftop installations make up a smaller but more rapidly expanding segment of PV use. Furthermore, as technological advances narrow the cost gap, more applications are becoming economically feasible at an accelerating rate. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ...................................................................................v
Tom Penick; Gale Greenleaf Instructor; Thomas Penick; Bill Louk; Bill Louk
Application of Ontology-Based Information Integration on BI System
In this paper, due to the demand of heterogeneous data sources integration issue in Business Intelligent system, an ontology-based information integration middleware is designed, in which uses semantic description as a tool to map heterogeneous data ... Keywords: ontology, information integration, business intelligence, OWL
Gang Tong; Yaohua Sun; Jun Tang; Kesheng Qin
Magnetocumulative generator
An improved magnetocumulative generator is described that is useful for producing magnetic fields of very high energy content over large spatial volumes. The polar directed pleated magnetocumulative generator has a housing providing a housing chamber with an electrically conducting surface. The chamber forms a coaxial system having a small radius portion and a large radius portion. When a magnetic field is injected into the chamber, from an external source, most of the magnetic flux associated therewith positions itself in the small radius portion. The propagation of an explosive detonation through high-explosive layers disposed adjacent to the housing causes a phased closure of the chamber which sweeps most of the magnetic flux into the large radius portion of the coaxial system. The energy content of the magnetic field is greatly increased by flux stretching as well as by flux compression. The energy enhanced magnetic field is utilized within the housing chamber itself.
Pettibone, J.S.; Wheeler, P.C.
Annual Energy Outlook 2001 - Issues in Focus
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Issues in Focus Issues in Focus Macroeconomic Forecasting with the Revised National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) Phasing Out MTBE in Gasoline World Oil Demand and Prices Distributed Electricity Generation Resources Natural Gas Supply Availability Restructuring of State Retail Markets for Electricity Carbon Dioxide Emissions in AEO2001 Macroeconomic Forecasting with the Revised National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) The NIPA Comprehensive Revision Economic activity is a key determinant of growth in U.S. energy supply and demand. The derivation of the forecast of economic activity is therefore a critical step in developing the energy forecast presented in the Annual Energy Outlook 2001 (AEO2001). In turn, the forecast of economic activity is rooted fundamentally in the historical data series maintained by a
Outage management and health physics issue, 2006
The focus of the May-June issue is on outage management and health physics. Major articles/reports in this issue include: A design with experience for the U.S., by Michael J. Wallace, Constellation Generation Group; Hope to be among the first, by Randy Hutchinson, Entergy Nuclear; Plans to file COLs in 2008, by Garry Miller, Progress Energy; Evolution of ICRP's recommendations, by Lars-Erik Holm, ICRP; European network on education and training in radiological protection, by Michele Coeck, SCK-CEN, Belgium; Outage managment: an important tool for improving nuclear power plant performance, by Thomas Mazour and Jiri Mandula, IAEA, Austria; and Plant profile: Exploring new paths to excellence, by Anne Thomas, Exelon Nuclear.
Issue 5: Optimizing High Levels of Insulation
Issue 5: Optimizing High Levels of Insulation NREL, Ren Anderson Building America Technical Update Meeting July 25 th , 2012 Issue 5 - How Much Insulation is Too Much? How do we define the cost-effective limit for improvements in enclosure efficiency? Key Factors to Consider: -Cost of savings vs. cost of grid-supplied energy -Cost of efficiency savings vs. cost of savings from renewable generation. -Savings from envelope improvements vs. other efficiency options Context * It is widely believed that code-specified insulation levels also represent cost-effective limits. * However, the cost-effective insulation levels exceed IECC values in many climates. * The homeowner-driven value of modest increases in enclosure performance can create economies of scale that will reduce
Investigations of grid-connected wind power system : low voltage ride through and power quality issues.
??This thesis presents an investigation on system architecture, control and analysis of wind turbine generators to improve grid integration performance. First of all, the mainģ (more)
Zhang, Shao.
Hybrid solar-fossil fuel power generation
In this thesis, a literature review of hybrid solar-fossil fuel power generation is first given with an emphasis on system integration and evaluation. Hybrid systems are defined as those which use solar energy and fuel ...
Sheu, Elysia J. (Elysia Ja-Zeng)
Generating "dependent" quasi-random numbers
Under certain conditions on the integrand, quasi-Monte Carlo methods for estimating integrals (expectations) converge faster asymptotically than Monte Carlo methods. Motivated by this result we consider the generation of quasi-random vectors with given ...
Shane G. Henderson; Belinda A. Chiera; Roger M. Cooke
Photon generator
A photon generator includes an electron gun for emitting an electron beam, a laser for emitting a laser beam, and an interaction ring wherein the laser beam repetitively collides with the electron beam for emitting a high energy photon beam therefrom in the exemplary form of x-rays. The interaction ring is a closed loop, sized and configured for circulating the electron beam with a period substantially equal to the period of the laser beam pulses for effecting repetitive collisions.
Srinivasan-Rao, Triveni (Shoreham, NY)
Cluster generator
Described herein is an apparatus and a method for producing atom clusters based on a gas discharge within a hollow cathode. The hollow cathode includes one or more walls. The one or more walls define a sputtering chamber within the hollow cathode and include a material to be sputtered. A hollow anode is positioned at an end of the sputtering chamber, and atom clusters are formed when a gas discharge is generated between the hollow anode and the hollow cathode.
Donchev, Todor I. (Urbana, IL); Petrov, Ivan G. (Champaign, IL)
Thermoelectric generator
A thermoelectric generator having a rigid coupling or stack'' between the heat source and the hot strap joining the thermoelements is described. The stack includes a member of an insulating material, such as ceramic, for electrically isolating the thermoelements from the heat source, and a pair of members of a ductile material, such as gold, one each on each side of the insulating member, to absorb thermal differential expansion stresses in the stack. (Official Gazette)
Pryslak, N.E.
This patent describes apparatus for producing an electricity neutral ionized gas discharge, termed a plasma, substantially free from contamination with neutral gas particles. The plasma generator of the present invention comprises a plasma chamber wherein gas introduced into the chamber is ionized by a radiofrequency source. A magnetic field is used to focus the plasma in line with an exit. This magnetic field cooperates with a differential pressure created across the exit to draw a uniform and uncontaminated plasma from the plasma chamber.
Foster, J.S. Jr.
Online energy generation scheduling for microgrids with intermittent energy sources and co-generation
Microgrids represent an emerging paradigm of future electric power systems that can utilize both distributed and centralized generations. Two recent trends in microgrids are the integration of local renewable energy sources (such as wind farms) and the ... Keywords: combined heat and power generation, energy generation scheduling, microgrids, online algorithm
Lian Lu; Jinlong Tu; Chi-Kin Chau; Minghua Chen; Xiaojun Lin
7 7 AUDIT REPORT THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY' S MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTEGRATION MARCH 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL OFFICE OF AUDIT SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Washington, DC 20585 MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY FROM: Gregory H. Friedman Principal Deputy Inspector General SUBJECT: INFORMATION : Audit Report on "Audit of the Department of Energy's Management of Research and Development Integration" BACKGROUND The Congress, independent task forces, and advisory groups have pointed out the need for the Department to improve its integration of research and development (R&D) projects. In the past, R&D management was carried out by different program offices with the research being
SunShot Initiative: Next Generation Photovoltaics II
Home Systems Integration Balance of Systems Next Generation Photovoltaics II Twenty-three solar projects are investigating transformational photovoltaic (PV) technologies with the...
Combined desalination and power generation using solar energy.
??Integrated desalination and power generation using solar energy is a prospective way to help solve the twin challenges of energy and fresh water shortage, whileģ (more)
Zhao, Y
High-precision triangular-waveform generator
An ultra-linear ramp generator having separately programmable ascending and decending ramp rates and voltages is provided. Two constant current sources provide the ramp through an integrator. Switching of the current at current source inputs rather than at the integrator input eliminates switching transients and contributes to the waveform precision. The triangular waveforms produced by the waveform generator are characterized by accurate reproduction and low drift over periods of several hours. The ascending and descending slopes are independently selectable.
Mueller, T.R.
Laser Propulsion Standardization Issues
It is a relevant issue in the research on laser propulsion that experimental results are treated seriously and that meaningful scientific comparison is possible between groups using different equipment and measurement techniques. However, critical aspects of experimental measurements are sparsely addressed in the literature. In addition, few studies so far have the benefit of independent confirmation by other laser propulsion groups. In this paper, we recommend several approaches towards standardization of published laser propulsion experiments. Such standards are particularly important for the measurement of laser ablation pulse energy, laser spot area, imparted impulse or thrust, and mass removal during ablation. Related examples are presented from experiences of an actual scientific cooperation between NU and DLR. On the basis of a given standardization, researchers may better understand and contribute their findings more clearly in the future, and compare those findings confidently with those already published in the laser propulsion literature. Relevant ISO standards are analyzed, and revised formats are recommended for application to laser propulsion studies.
Scharring, Stefan; Eckel, Hans-Albert [Institute of Technical Physics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), D-70569 Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40 (Germany); Roeser, Hans-Peter [Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31 (Germany); Sinko, John E. [Micro-Nano Global Center of Excellence, Nagoya University (Niue), Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603 (Japan); Sasoh, Akihiro [Department of Aerospace Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603 (Japan)
Two-stage approach for the assessment of distributed generation capacity mixture in active distribution networks
Distribution networks are limited with spare capacities to integrate increased volumes of distributed generation (DG). Network constraints and congestion
D. Jayaweera; S. Islam; S. Neduvelil
Combustion engineering issues for solid fuel systems
The book combines modeling, policy/regulation and fuel properties with cutting edge breakthroughs in solid fuel combustion for electricity generation and industrial applications. This book provides real-life experiences and tips for addressing the various technical, operational and regulatory issues that are associated with the use of fuels. Contents are: Introduction; Coal Characteristics; Characteristics of Alternative Fuels; Characteristics and Behavior of Inorganic Constituents; Fuel Blending for Combustion Management; Fuel Preparation; Conventional Firing Systems; Fluidized-Bed Firing Systems; Post-Combustion Emissions Control; Some Computer Applications for Combustion Engineering with Solid Fuels; Gasification; Policy Considerations for Combustion Engineering.
Bruce Miller; David Tillman [Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States). Energy Institute
Fall 2012 Volume 9 Issue 4
2012 Volume 9 Issue 4 2012 Volume 9 Issue 4 the also in this issue DNA Synthesis Pipeline '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į 2 For want of a white-rot '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į 3 Rooting for communities'┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į 3 EMSL's Integration 2012 '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į 6 IMG v4 released '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į 7 In Memoriam '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į '┐Į 8
Integrated System
Integrated Window System Our research activities in the field of high performance windows have led us to conclude that even by using high performance insulating glass units, low conductivity frames, and warm edge spacers, there are still untapped sources for improving energy efficiency in the design and use of residential windows. While such high performance windows are a dramatic improvement over conventional units, they do not reduce conductive losses through wall framing around the window, offer guarantees against excessive wall/window infiltration nor do they adapt to the daily and seasonal potentials for night insulation and summer shading. To meet this need, we have been working on the design, development, and prototyping of Integrated Window Systems (IWS) since 1993. Integrated Window Systems are a form of panelized construction where the wall panel includes an operable or fixed window sash, recessed night insulation, integral solar shading, and is built in a factory setting in order to minimize thermal short circuits and infiltration at joints. IWSs can be built in modular lengths to facilitate their installation with conventional wood frame stick construction or other forms of panelized construction.
Heat is generated by the utilization of high energy neutrons produced as by nuclear reactions between hydrogen isotopes in a blanket zone containing lithium, a neutron moderator, and uranium and/or thorium effective to achieve multtplicatton of the high energy neutron. The rnultiplied and moderated neutrons produced react further with lithium-6 to produce tritium in the blanket. Thermal neutron fissionable materials are also produced and consumed in situ in the blanket zone. The heat produced by the aggregate of the various nuclear reactions is then withdrawn from the blanket zone to be used or otherwise disposed externally. (AEC)
Imhoff, D.H.; Harker, W.H.
This issue is dedicated to the heroes and professionals who helped protect the world from nuclear disasters and to those who were displaced by these catastrophes.
Farfan, E.
FEMP Focus: Summer 2004 Issue
U.S. Postal Service (USPS) issued a delivery order under their Northern California Shared Energy Savings (SES) contract to Chevron Energy Solutions for comprehensive energy...
Lithium-Ion Battery Issues
Lithium-Ion Battery Issues IEA Workshop on Battery Recycling Hoboken, Belgium September 26-27, 2011 Linda Gaines Center for Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory...
PNNL: Breakthroughs Magazine - Past issues
enjoy Breakthroughs archived issues featuring science and technology conducted at PNNL. Breakthroughs Spring 2007 cover Spring 2007 Scientific Discovery Flash Version | HTML...
APS Diversity Issues Committee Members
SUF Diversity Issues Committee Members 2006 - 2008 Daniela Capatina (AES) Frederick Carter (AES) Diego Casa (XSD) Kathy Harkay, Chair (ASD) Quentin Hasse (IPNS) Jyotsana Lal (IPNS)...
Understanding aging issues in Indonesia.
??This study used combined methods of observations, interviews and document analysis to understand issues related to aging in Indonesia. The study describes relevant policy andģ (more)
Napsiyah, Siti.
Smart-Grid Security Issues
TITLE: Smart-Grid Security Issues (Editorial Material, English) IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY 8 (1). JAN-FEB 2010. p.81-85 IEEE COMPUTER SOC, LOS ALAMITOS
Khurana, Himanshu; Hadley, Mark D.; Lu, Ning; Frincke, Deborah A.
An improved magnetocumulative generator is described that is useful for producing magnetic fields of very high energy content over large spatial volumes. The polar directed pleated magnetocumulative generator has a housing (100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105) providing a housing chamber (106) with an electrically conducting surface. The chamber (106) forms a coaxial system having a small radius portion and a large radius portion. When a magnetic field is injected into the chamber (106), from an external source, most of the magnetic flux associated therewith positions itself in the small radius portion. The propagation of an explosive detonation through high-explosive layers (107, 108) disposed adjacent to the housing causes a phased closure of the chamber (106) which sweeps most of the magnetic flux into the large radius portion of the coaxial system. The energy content of the magnetic field is greatly increased by flux stretching as well as by flux compression. The energy enhanced magnetic field is utilized within the housing chamber itself.
Pettibone, Joseph S. (Livermore, CA); Wheeler, Paul C. (Livermore, CA)
Department of Energy Issues Call for Proposals to U.S. Universities...
Call for Proposals to U.S. Universities for Nuclear Energy-Related Integrated Research Project Proposals Department of Energy Issues Call for Proposals to U.S. Universities for...
The changing structure of the electric power industry: Selected issues, 1998
More than 3,000 electric utilities in the United States provide electricity to sustain the Nation`s economic growth and promote the well-being of its inhabitants. At the end of 1996, the net generating capability of the electric power industry stood at more than 776,000 megawatts. Sales to ultimate consumers in 1996 exceeded 3.1 trillion kilowatthours at a total cost of more than $210 billion. In addition, the industry added over 9 million new customers during the period from 1990 through 1996. The above statistics provide an indication of the size of the electric power industry. Propelled by events of the recent past, the industry is currently in the midst of changing from a vertically integrated and regulated monopoly to a functionally unbundled industry with a competitive market for power generation. Advances in power generation technology, perceived inefficiencies in the industry, large variations in regional electricity prices, and the trend to competitive markets in other regulated industries have all contributed to the transition. Industry changes brought on by this movement are ongoing, and the industry will remain in a transitional state for the next few years or more. During the transition, many issues are being examined, evaluated, and debated. This report focuses on three of them: how wholesale and retail prices have changed since 1990; the power and ability of independent system operators (ISOs) to provide transmission services on a nondiscriminatory basis; and how issues that affect consumer choice, including stranded costs and the determination of retail prices, may be handled either by the US Congress or by State legislatures.
Single-Issue Industrial Revenue Bond Program (Missouri) | Department of
Single-Issue Industrial Revenue Bond Program (Missouri) Single-Issue Industrial Revenue Bond Program (Missouri) Single-Issue Industrial Revenue Bond Program (Missouri) < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Industrial Retail Supplier Systems Integrator Utility Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Program Info State Missouri Program Type Bond Program Provider Missouri Development Finance Board The Missouri Development Finance Board administers a Single-Issue Tax-Exempt Industrial Revenue Bond Program as well as a Taxable Industrial Revenue Bond Program. The Tax-Exempt Program finances (i) the acquisition, construction and equipping of qualified manufacturing production facilities and/or equipment, and (ii) refinances outstanding tax-exempt bonds. It
A special issue on the RCPs
This paper provides an editors' introduction to the special issue of Climatic Change on the RCPs. Scenarios form a crucial element in climate change research. They allow researchers to explore the long-term consequences of decisions today, while taking account of the inertia in both the socio-economic and physical system. Scenarios also form an integrating element among the different research disciplines of those studying climate change, such as economists, technology experts, climate researchers, atmospheric chemists and geologists. In 2007, the IPCC requested the scientific community to develop a new set of scenarios, as the existing scenarios (published in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, (Nakicenovic and Swart 2000), and called the 'SRES scenarios') needed to be updated and expanded in scope (see Moss et al. (2010) for a detailed discussion). Researchers from different disciplines worked together to develop a process to craft these new scenarios, as summarized by Moss, et al. (2010). The Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium (IAMC), founded in response to the IPCC call, played a key role in this process.1 The scenario development process aims to develop a set of new scenarios that facilitate integrated analysis of climate change across the main scientific communities. The process comprises 3 main phases: (1) an initial phase, developing a set of pathways for emissions, concentrations and radiative forcing, (2) a parallel phase, comprising both the development of new socio-economic storylines and climate model projections, and (3) an integration phase, combining the information from the first phases into holistic mitigation, impacts and vulnerability assessments. The pathways developed in the first phase were called 'Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)'. They play an important role in providing input for prospective climate model experiments, including both the decadal and long-term projections of climate change. The RCPs also provide an important reference point for new research within the integrated assessment modeling (IAM) community by standardizing on a common set of year-2100 conditions, and exploring alternative pathways and policies that could produce these outcomes. By design, the RCPs, as a set, cover the range of radiative forcing levels examined in the open literature and contain relevant information for climate model runs. This Special Issue documents the main assumptions and characteristics of the RCPs, and, in particular, the various steps that were involved in their development. A number of collaborative activities were initiated and finalized during the last 2-3 years to develop the RCPs. This required the cooperation of researchers from various disciplines involved in climate research, including emission experts, climate modelers, atmospheric chemistry modelers, land use modelers and experts involved in integrated assessment. The four RCPs together reflect the range of year-2100 radiative forcing values found in the literature, i.e. from 2.6 to 8.5 W/m{sup 2}. The papers in this Special Issue describe the individual RCPs, but also the various integrative steps that were necessary within the RCP development process to provide a harmonized set of pathways, that show a smooth transition from the past and extend far into the future for very long-term experiments. Important outcomes of this process included, for instance, the development of new emission inventories, new methods for the harmonization of spatial land use patterns, as well as extensions of the RCP trends beyond 2100. They briefly discuss the content of the individual papers.
Van Vuuren, Detlef; Edmonds, James A.; Kainuma, M.; Riahi, Keywan; Weyant, John
Transdisciplinary Fluid Integration Research Center
Environment Reality-Coupled Computation Energy Dynamics Integrated Visual Informatics Super-Real-Time Medical of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, in April 2003. The next generation transdisciplinary research Research focus is to advance utilization of Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for solving engineering problems
Obayashi, Shigeru
Does integration increase life satisfaction?
generation immigrants, integration JEL classification: F22, J15, O15 1. Introduction Identity is generally interpreted as a self-definition, a ænarrativeÆ that people tell themselves and others, as the answer that they give to the question æwho am I...
Koczan, Zs.
Biogass Generator
Another internet tool by: Another internet tool by: Build Your Own Page 1 of 5 Teach...build...learn...renewable energy! Biogas Generator A Renewable Energy Project Kit The Pembina Institute What Is Biogas? Biogas is actually a mixture of gases, usually carbon dioxide and methane. It is produced by a few kinds of microorganisms, usually when air or oxygen is absent. (The absence of oxygen is called "anaerobic conditions.") Animals that eat a lot of plant material, particularly grazing animals such as cattle, produce large amounts of biogas. The biogas is produced not by the cow or elephant, but by billions of microor- ganisms living in its digestive system. Biogas also develops in bogs and at the bottom of lakes, where decaying organic matter builds up under wet and
Nebraska Statewide Wind Integration Study: Executive Summary
Wind generation resources in Nebraska will play an increasingly important role in the environmental and energy security solutions for the state and the nation. In this context, the Nebraska Power Association conducted a state-wide wind integration study.
EnerNex Corporation, Knoxville, Tennessee; Ventyx, Atlanta, Georgia; Nebraska Power Association, Lincoln, Nebraska
Integrated Facilities Disposition Program
Facilities Facilities Disposition Program Tank Waste Corporate Board Meeting at ORNL Sharon Robinson Dirk Van Hoesen Robert Jubin Brad Patton July 29, 2009 2 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy The Integrated Facility Disposition Program (IFDP) addresses the remaining EM Scope at both ORNL and Y-12 Cost Range: $7 - $14B Schedule: 26 Years 3 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Scope of work * Treatment and disposition of legacy materials and waste * D&D 327 (1.5 M ft 2 ) excess facilities generating >2 M yd 3 debris * Soil and groundwater remedial actions generating >1 M yd 3 soils * Facilities surveillance and maintenance * Reconfiguration of waste management facilities * Ongoing waste management operations * Project management
IT Infrastructure to Enable Next Generation Enterprises
Next Generation Enterprises (NGEs) rely on automation, mobility, real-time business activity monitoring, agility, and self-service over widely distributed operations to conduct business. It is important to study and analyze such enterprises because they ... Keywords: IT infrastructure, NGE, Next Generation Internet, enterprise application integration, mobile services, real-time enterprises, self services
Amjad Umar
DOD/NREL Model Integrates Vehicles, Renewables & Microgrid (Fact...
locations for systems connecting electric vehicles with solar energy sources and microgrids. A microgrid that integrates renewable generation and vehicle energy storage offers...
EA-1939: Reese Technology Center Wind and Battery Integration...
of Electric Technologies to demonstrate battery technology integration with wind generated electricity by deploying and evaluating utility-scale lithium battery technology to...
Planar Sodium Metal Halide Battery for Renewable Integration and ...
In this work we will present a sodium ▀ö-alumina cell designed for widespread renewable energy integration and electrical grid applications. The new generationĀ...
The integration of disabled people in the daily working life in the German primary labor market.
??The aim of this study was to examine and bring to light any issues currently confronting the disabled community when looking to integrate themselves intoģ (more)
Milcher, Magdalena
Annual Energy Outlook 2000 - Issues in Focus
Homepage Homepage issues.gif (3353 bytes) Electricity: Renewable Portfolio Standards Electricity: Competitive Pricing Natural Gas: Industry Expansion Petroleum: Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Energy Use: Efficiency Standards Carbon Emissions in AEO2000 Macroeconomic Growth The Kyoto Protocol Electricity: Renewable Portfolio Standards In an increasingly competitive U.S. electricity market, regulators and legislators at both the State and Federal levels are looking for ways to stimulate the development of generating capacity that uses renewable energy sources. One approach that has received considerable attention is the imposition of a renewable portfolio standard (RPS), which would promote the use of renewables by establishing a minimum annual share of electricity generation (or sales) that must come from specified types of renewable facilities. Owners or operators of qualifying renewable facilities would receive credits for each kilowatthour they generated, and the credits could be used in the current year, held for future use (banked) or sold to others to ensure that their mix of power (portfolio) contained a specified share of renewable generation.
Ethical Issues in Occupational Health
ETillCAL ISSUES IN ETillCAL ISSUES IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Mary L. Doyle, MPH, RN, COHN-S/CM DOE Headquarters January 17, 2002 OH Ethical Issues * Autonomy * Confidentiality * Right to Know * Putcmalism * Informed Consent OH Ethical Issues * Beneficence: Actions that contribute to the welfare of others - Engineering controls - Exposure monitoring/ walk throughs - Health screening/ Health surveillance - Health promotion - Occupational Health Research Ethical Principles * Autonomy: The right to self-determination * Nonmaleficence: The duty to do no harm * Beneficence: Actions that contribute to the welfare of others * .Justice: Fairness or giving person what is due them OH Ethical Issues * Nonmale.ficence - High risk jobs - Second Party induced Hazards - Incompetent , wtethical, illegal practices
Modeling for System Integration Studies (Presentation)
This presentation describes some the data requirements needed for grid integration modeling and provides real-world examples of such data and its format. Renewable energy integration studies evaluate the operational impacts of variable generation. Transmission planning studies investigate where new transmission is needed to transfer energy from generation sources to load centers. Both use time-synchronized wind and solar energy production and load as inputs. Both examine high renewable energy penetration scenarios in the future.
Orwig, K. D.
Integrated test vehicle program plan: revision C
This edition dated August 26, 1977, is Revision C of the Integrated Test Vehicle, Program Plan, Phase II - Deliverable Item 2-7-1. The original edition was issued on May 27, 1977. Corrections were made and issued as Proposed Modifications for Integrated Test Vehicle, Program Plan, dated July 8, 1977. For the purpose of documenting changes, the July 8, 1977, version is caled Revision A. The edition dated August 5, 1977, is called Revision B. Each paragraph in this edition is marked to indicate technical changes from previous editions.
ESF Subsurface Standby Generator Analysis
The purpose of this analysis is to outline and recommend two standby generator systems. These systems shall provide power during a utility outage to critical Alcove No.5's thermal test loads and to subsurface flow through ventilation loads. Critical loads that will be supported by these generator systems will be identified and evaluated. Additionally, other requirements from the Exploratory Studies Facilities Design Requirements (ESFDR) document will be evaluated. Finally, the standby generator systems will be integrated into the existing ESF subsurface distribution system. The objective of this analysis is to provide design inputs for an efficient and reliable standby generator systems which will provide power for critical loads during a power outage; specifically, Alcove No.5's thermal test loads and the subsurface flow through ventilation loads. Additionally, preliminary one-line diagrams will be developed using this analysis as a primary input.
L. Fernandez
Incorporating LCA tools in integrated simulation environments
In this paper we address the issue of building data schema evolution in integrated simulation environments, as seen from the perspective of incorporating LCA tools within these environments. First we describe the key features of an integrated simulation environment designed for expandability, focusing on (a) the mechanism for the expansion of the integrated environment, and (b) its overall system architecture that allows processes and data to be added to the system without modifications or restructuring of existing code. We then focus on how the data schema allows the inclusion and maintenance of specialized construction objects bearing LCA data. Finally, we discuss various integration issues that arise from modeling capabilities and idiosyncrasies of individual simulation and analysis tools.
Pal, Vineeta; Papamichael, Konstantinos; Bourassa, Norman; Loffeld, John J.
Apparatus for millimeter-wave signal generation
An opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC) apparatus is disclosed for generating an electrical signal at a frequency .gtoreq.10 GHz. The apparatus, formed on a single substrate, includes a semiconductor ring laser for generating a continuous train of mode-locked lasing pulses and a high-speed photodetector for detecting the train of lasing pulses and generating the electrical signal therefrom. Embodiments of the invention are disclosed with an active waveguide amplifier coupling the semiconductor ring laser and the high-speed photodetector. The invention has applications for use in OEICs and millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs).
Vawter, G. Allen (Albuquerque, NM); Hietala, Vincent M. (Placitas, NM); Zolper, John C. (Albuquerque, NM); Mar, Alan (Albuquerque, NM); Hohimer, John P. (Albuquerque, NM)
Simultaneous process and molecular design/selection through property integration
The overall purpose of this work is to develop systematic methodology for the simultaneous design and selection of processes and molecules (materials). A propertybased approach is used to develop an interface between process and molecular design/selection. In particular, we focus on the problem of designing/selecting materials that are used in the context of a recycle/reuse system of process streams and for energy applications. Fresh and recycled resources (e.g., process streams, biomass, solvents, etc.) are integrated with the process to satisfy property-based constraints for the process units and to optimize the usage of the resources and the design of the process. For molecular design, property operators for mixing streams and group contribution methods (GCM) are used to consistently represent process sources, sinks, and different functional groups on the same property-base. For material selection, property based criteria (e.g., heat rate, high heating value, etc.) are used to bridge the process with material. This consistent representation enables the definition of the optimization problem formulation for product design while taking into consideration the recycle/reuse of process streams. In particular, this dissertation addresses four integrated topics. First, a new graphical approach for material targeting and substitution is presented. This graphical approach offers initial solutions and valuable insights that can be effectively used for conceptual design and for initializing mathematical programming techniques. Second, a mathematical optimization approach is developed along with a decomposition-based global solution procedure for material targeting and substitution using property integration. Third, an implementation approach is developed to synthesize the details of a recycle/reuse process network design based on the targets identified through the graphical and/or the mathematical approaches. Finally, property integration techniques are extended to a broader scope which deals with the lifecycle analysis of biomass utilization for energy generation. A generic model is developed to optimize the types and quantities of the feedstocks used to optimize power generation with biomass-fossil fuel co-fed system. Important issues of biomass growth, harvesting, transportation, processing, and disposal are included. Property-based tracking and constraints are included in the analysis. Also, the issues associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are incorporated in the analysis. Case studies are solved throughout the dissertation to demonstrate the applicability of the developed procedures.
Qin, Xiaoyun
MHD Technology Transfer, Integration and Review Committee
This fifth semi-annual status report of the MHD Technology Transfer, Integration, and Review Committee (TTIRC) summarizes activities of the TTIRC during the period April 1990 through September 1990. It includes summaries and minutes of committee meetings, progress summaries of ongoing Proof-of-Concept (POC) contracts, discussions pertaining to technical integration issues in the POC program, and planned activities for the next six months.
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Webinars
Webinars Webinars Want updates about future transmission grid integration webinars and publications? Join our mailing list. NREL periodically offers webinars on transmission grid integration topics to provide insight into its research. Explore the resources below to learn more. Upcoming Webinars Please check back. Details on future meetings and workshops will be posted as they are available. Past Webinars Results from The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2: An examination of how wind and solar power affect operations, costs, and emissions from fossil-fueled generators Wednesday, September 25, 2013 at 12:00 EDT (10:00 MDT) The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study Phase 2 (WWSIS-2), launched in 2011, examines the potential impacts of up to 33% wind and solar energy
Research Integrity | ornl.gov
About ORNL About ORNL Fact Sheet Brochure Diversity Leadership Team Organization History Environmental Policy Corporate Giving Research Integrity Who we are, aren't About ORNL Home | ORNL | About ORNL | Research Integrity SHARE Research Integrity From the Director ORNL Research Code of Conduct Research Misconduct ORNL Policy on Research Integrity From the Director We enjoy an excellent scientific reputation at ORNL, thanks to a solid record of ethical conduct in every aspect of research. It is essential to our future that we maintain and nurture this reputation. We also have a responsibility to mentor the next generation of researchers to ensure that they too understand and adhere to the highest standards of ethical conduct. ORNL's Research Code of Conduct was developed by a committee of
Design and analysis of a permanent magnet generator for naval applications
This paper discusses the electrical and magnetic design and analysis of a permanent magnet generation module for naval applications. Numerous design issues are addressed and several issues are raised about the potential ...
Rucker, Jonathan E. (Jonathan Estill)
Automatic Code Generation From UML Class and Statechart Diagrams
Tanaka, Jiro
Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator System Using PIDNNs
An intelligent control stand-alone doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system using proportional-integral-derivative neural network (PIDNN) is proposed in this study. This system can be applied as a stand-alone power supply system or as the emergency ... Keywords: Doubly-fed induction generator, field-oriented control, proportional-integral-derivative neural network
Faa-Jeng Lin; Jonq-Chin Hwang; Kuang-Hsiung Tan; Zong-Han Lu; Yung-Ruei Chang
Proceedings: Steam Generator Management Program 2012 Steam Generator Secondary Side Management Conference
This report contains the work presented at the EPRI Steam Generator Management Program (SGMP) 2012 Steam Generator Secondary Side Management Conference. Over eighty attendees, representing both domestic and international utilities, vendors, and academia, participated in the conference. It included twenty-one papers on current issues, research and utility experiences involving corrosion product generation and transport, deposit control and mitigation, deposit consolidation and removal, and short- and ...
Turbine-Generator Auxiliary Systems, Volume 4: Generator Stator Cooling System
While there is a wealth of specific instructions, guidelines, experiences, and publications associated with water-cooled generators, the industry needs a comprehensive document that provides an unbiased overview of all technologies and related issues. This report deals with the specific features of water-cooled generators and the attached generator cooling water system. Though the primary focus is water-cooled stators, other possible components associated with rotor water cooling or attached systems, suc...
Fourth Generation Light Source Workshop
The Workshop on Scientific Opportunities for Fourth Generation Light The Workshop on Scientific Opportunities for Fourth Generation Light Sources October 27 to 29, 1997 at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. This workshop is being co-hosted by APS, NSLS, SSRL and TJNAF. FGLSlogo This workshop will explore the phenomenology of interactions with ultra-high-power, -brilliance, and -coherence light sources in the DUV, soft x-ray, and x-ray regimes, as well as the scientific opportunities they provide. The workshop will begin with tutorials on the generation and properties of these sources and identify issues in their use in experimentation. Also included will be an overview of current efforts to develop these sources and a review of the scientific opportunities defined by previous research and workshops. These background talks will be followed
EIA - Annual Energy Outlook 2008 - Issues in Focus
Issues in Focus Issues in Focus Annual Energy Outlook 2008 with Projections to 2030 Issues in Focus Introduction Each year, this section of the AEO provides in-depth discussions on topics of special interest that may affect annual projections, including significant changes in assumptions and recent developments in technologies for energy production, supply, and consumption. In view of recent increases in construction costs, including the costs of constructing power plants, refineries, and other energy-related facilities, this year's topics include a discussion of cost trends and the implications for energy markets. Other issues discussed this year include the implications of increased reliance on natural gas in the electricity generation sector, warming weather trends and their effects on energy demand, LNG imports, and world oil prices and production trends.
NEPA and CEQA: Integrating State and Federal Environmental Reviews (Draft)
The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), inĀcollaboration with the California GovernorÆs Office of Planning and Research, issued on March 5, 2013, a draft handbook on integrating NEPA and...
Advanced integrated safeguards using front-end-triggering devices
This report addresses potential uses of front-end-triggering devices for enhanced safeguards. Such systems incorporate video surveillance as well as radiation and other sensors. Also covered in the report are integration issues and analysis techniques.
Howell, J.A.; Whitty, W.J.
Obstacle aware routing in 3d integrated circuits
Progressive scaling of technology node has serious impacts on the performance of VLSI circuits. A major influencing factor is the dominance of interconnect delay, and its associated effects such as excessive power consumption, signal integrity issues, ...
Prasun Ghosal; Hafizur Rahaman; Satrajit Das; Arindam Das; Parthasarathi Dasgupta
Energy Systems Integration Facility Newsroom The Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) will be one of the only megawatt-scale test facilities in the United States that...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Solar Integration National...
of the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study and Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study datasets greatly advanced the modeling of wind and solar power production...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Wind Integration Datasets
Wind Integration Datasets The Wind Integration Datasets provide energy professionals with a consistent set of wind profiles for the eastern United States and the western United...
Coupling real-time control and socio-economic issues in participatory river basin planning
In this paper an approach for coupling real-time control and socio-economic issues in participatory river basin planning is presented through a case study. It relies on the use of Bayesian Networks (Bns) to describe in a probabilistic way the behaviour ... Keywords: Bayesian Networks, Integrated Water Resource Management, Model integration, Participation, Reservoir operation
A. Castelletti; R. Soncini-Sessa
Advancing Next-Generation Vehicles
the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) lead laboratory for researching advanced vehicle technologies, including hy- the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) lead laboratory for researching advanced vehicle technologies, including hy- brid, plug-in hybrid, battery electric, and alternative fuel vehicles, Argonne provides transportation research critical to advancing the development of next-generation vehicles. Central to this effort is the Lab's Advanced Powertrain Research Facility (APRF), an integrated four-wheel drive chassis dynamometer and component test facility.
NREL: Continuum Magazine - NREL's Energy Systems Integration Supporting
NREL's Energy Systems Integration Supporting Facilities NREL's Energy Systems Integration Supporting Facilities Issue 4 Print Version Share this resource NREL's Energy Systems Integration Supporting Facilities Five recently constructed facilities prove clean technology performance for tomorrow's energy systems. A photo of the Energy Systems Integration Facility at NREL. Enlarge image NREL's Energy Systems Integration Facility opened in December, 2012. Photo by Dennis Schroeder The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) recognizes energy systems integration's (ESI) growing importance in designing and managing the energy systems of the near future. A major factor in understanding systems integration issues and solutions is developing research facilities that can evaluate new technologies in a full-system context. To that end, several of
The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related
The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion. Report Pursuant to Section 1817 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The Potential Benefits of Distributed Generation and the Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Its Expansion More Documents & Publications The potential benefits of distributed deneration and rate-related issues that may impede issues its expansion. June 2007 Notice of inquiry and request for Information - Study of the potential benefits of distributed generation: Federal Register Notice Volume 71, No.
Petroleum 1996: Issues and Trends
Examines historical trends and focuses on major petroleum issues and the events they represent. It analyzes different dimensions of the petroleum industry and related markets in terms of how they relate to the volatility in petroleum markets.
Natural Gas Issues and Trends
Final issue of this report. Provides a summary of the latest data and information relating to the natural gas industry, including prices, production, transmission, consumption, and financial aspects of the industry.
Maintaining Generation Adequacy in a Restructuring U.S. Electricity Industry
Historically, decisions on the amounts, locations, types, and timing of investments in new generation have been made by vertically integrated utilities with approval from state public utility commissions. As the U.S. electricity industry is restructured, these decisions are being fragmented and dispersed among a variety of organizations. As generation is deregulated and becomes increasingly competitive, decisions on whether to build new generators and to retire, maintain, or repower existing units will increasingly be made by unregulated for-profit corporations. These decisions will be based largely on investor assessments of future profitability and only secondarily on regional reliability requirements. In addition, some customers will choose to face real-time (spot) prices and will respond to the occasionally very high prices by reducing electricity use at those times. Market-determined generation levels will, relative to centrally mandated reserve margins, lead to: (1) more volatile energy prices; (2) lower electricity costs and prices; and (3) a generation mix with more baseload, and less peaking, capacity. During the transition from a vertically integrated, regulated industry to a deintegrated, competitive industry, government regulators and system operators may continue to impose minimum-installed-capacity requirements on load-serving entities. As the industry gains experience with customer responses to real-time pricing and with operation of competitive intrahour energy markets, these requirements will likely disappear. We quantitatively analyzed these issues with the Oak Ridge Competitive Electricity Dispatch model (ORCED). Model results show that the optimal reserve margin depends on various factors, including fuel prices, initial mix of generation capacity, and customer response to electricity prices (load shapes and system load factor). Because the correct reserve margin depends on these generally unpredictable factors, mandated reserve margins might be too high, leading to higher electricity costs and prices. Absent mandated reserve margins, electricity prices and costs decline with increasing customer response to prices during high-demand periods. The issues discussed here are primarily transitional rather than enduring. However, the transition from a highly regulated, vertically integrated industry to one dominated by competition is likely to take another five to ten years.
Hirst, E.; Hadley, S.
Issued by Sandia National Laboratories,
Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation. NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability
A recent emphasis in gasification technology development has been directed toward reduced-scale gasifier systems for distributed generation at remote sites. The domestic distributed power generation market over the next decade is expected to be 5-6 gigawatts per year. The global increase is expected at 20 gigawatts over the next decade. The economics of gasification for distributed power generation are significantly improved when fuel transport is minimized. Until recently, gasification technology has been synonymous with coal conversion. Presently, however, interest centers on providing clean-burning fuel to remote sites that are not necessarily near coal supplies but have sufficient alternative carbonaceous material to feed a small gasifier. Gasifiers up to 50 MW are of current interest, with emphasis on those of 5-MW generating capacity. Internal combustion engines offer a more robust system for utilizing the fuel gas, while fuel cells and microturbines offer higher electric conversion efficiencies. The initial focus of this multiyear effort was on internal combustion engines and microturbines as more realistic near-term options for distributed generation. In this project, we studied emerging gasification technologies that can provide gas from regionally available feedstock as fuel to power generators under 30 MW in a distributed generation setting. Larger-scale gasification, primarily coal-fed, has been used commercially for more than 50 years to produce clean synthesis gas for the refining, chemical, and power industries. Commercial-scale gasification activities are under way at 113 sites in 22 countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, according to the Gasification Technologies Council. Gasification studies were carried out on alfalfa, black liquor (a high-sodium waste from the pulp industry), cow manure, and willow on the laboratory scale and on alfalfa, black liquor, and willow on the bench scale. Initial parametric tests evaluated through reactivity and product composition were carried out on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) equipment. These tests were evaluated and then followed by bench-scale studies at 1123 K using an integrated bench-scale fluidized-bed gasifier (IBG) which can be operated in the semicontinuous batch mode. Products from tests were solid (ash), liquid (tar), and gas. Tar was separated on an open chromatographic column. Analysis of the gas product was carried out using on-line Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For selected tests, gas was collected periodically and analyzed using a refinery gas analyzer GC (gas chromatograph). The solid product was not extensively analyzed. This report is a part of a search into emerging gasification technologies that can provide power under 30 MW in a distributed generation setting. Larger-scale gasification has been used commercially for more than 50 years to produce clean synthesis gas for the refining, chemical, and power industries, and it is probable that scaled-down applications for use in remote areas will become viable. The appendix to this report contains a list, description, and sources of currently available gasification technologies that could be or are being commercially applied for distributed generation. This list was gathered from current sources and provides information about the supplier, the relative size range, and the status of the technology.
Ronald C. Timpe; Michael D. Mann; Darren D. Schmidt
FCT Technology Validation: Stationary/Distributed Generation Projects
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