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515 Mason Street, San Francisco, CA 94102, United States of America – Show map
Excellent location – rated 9.2/10! (score from 269 reviews)
Rated by guests after their stay at JW Marriott San Francisco Union Square.
The properties and staff was excellent
United States of America
Room, service, location, feel.
United States of America
good size rooms Great views Clean and spacious restrooms
United States of America
Fireplace in lobby.
United States of America
The staff were really nice. We loved the 2 queen sized beds and the great view. The location is walking distance from fabulous shopping, great eating places, and night life. The breakfast/snack bar on the 21st floor was exceptional.
United States of America
The staff is first-rate! From the reception, to the concierge, to the wait staff - they were all wonderful and so caring!!
United States of America
location was great
United States of America
Room was very spacious. Bed was comfortable. Concierge was outstanding, very convenient to cable cars, bus lines and bart. Fitness center was excellent.
United States of America
The staff was fabulous they sent up a bottle of wine and cheese tray for our anniversary That was greatly appreciated. House driver was amazing as well.
United States of America
I like the brand. JW Marriott you know what you are going to get
United States of America
This 4-star hotel, in San Francisco's financial district, offers air-conditioned rooms with chic, modern furnishings. It is less than a 5-minute walk from the San Francisco Symphony.
All luxurious rooms have a flat-screen TV and tea and coffee-making facilities. A spacious, private bathroom is included with each room of JW Marriott San Francisco Union Square.
JW Marriott San Francisco Union Square has a well-equipped gym. A 24-hour front desk service is also available.
A variety of local and international meals are served at the hotel's Level Three Restaurant. JW Marriott San Francisco's Level Three Bar offers a wide selection of cocktails and snacks.
San Francisco Airport is less than a 20-minute drive from JW Marriott San Francisco Union Square.
Union Square is a great choice for travelers interested in Electronics Shopping, Theater and Luxury Brand Shopping.
We speak your language! Hotel Rooms: 337, Hotel Chain: JW Marriott Hotels & Resorts. This property has been on Booking.com since Jun 1, 2011.
Room Type | Max | |
King Room | ||
King Room - Club Lounge Access | ||
Queen Room with Two Queen Beds | ||
King Room - Allergy Free | ||
Junior Suite | ||
King Bed with City View |
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383 properties in San Francisco
Including hotels, apartments, villas and more.
269 verified reviews
We verify all reviews from guests who have stayed at JW Marriott San Francisco Union Square. Find out more.
They speak your language!
JW Marriott San Francisco Union Square's staff speaks: English
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When you book with us your details are protected by a secure connection.
Food & Drink
Restaurant, Bar
WiFi is available in public areas and is free of charge.
WiFi is available in the hotel rooms and costs USD 9.95 per 24 hours.
WiFi is available in the hotel rooms and costs USD 16.95 per 24 hours.
Private parking is available on site (reservation is not needed) and costs USD 56 per day.
Room Service, 24-Hour Front Desk, Express Check-in/Check-out
Paid WiFi, Facilities for Disabled Guests, Family Rooms, Elevator, Heating, Hypoallergenic room available, All Spaces Non-Smoking (public and private), Air Conditioning
From 4:00 PM
Until 12:00 PM
Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to room type. Please enter the dates of your stay and check what conditions apply to your preferred room.
Children and Extra Beds
All children are welcome.
One child under 18 years stays free of charge when using existing beds.
One child under 3 years stays free of charge in a crib.
One older child or adult is charged USD 25 per night in an extra bed.
The maximum number of extra beds/cribs in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Additional fees are not calculated automatically in the total cost and will have to be paid for separately during your stay.
Pets are allowed. Charges may apply.
When booking more than 9 rooms, different policies and additional supplements may apply.
Cards accepted at this property
Hover over the cards for more info.
Other Places you Might Like
Guests are required to show a photo ID and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply.
Based on 269 reviews
Value for money
Free WiFi
Paid WiFi
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Chancellor Hotel on Union Square
Latest booking: 36 minutes ago There are 5 people looking at this hotel.
Parc 55 San Francisco - a Hilton Hotel This downtown San Francisco hotel is 1 block from Union Square and the Hallidie Plaza, which features a cable car stop. The hotel offers massage services and a tour desk.
Score from 2166 reviews
Very good
San Francisco Marriott Marquis Situated next to the the Moscone Convention Center, this downtown San Francisco hotel offers luxurious rooms with a flat-screen TV. Facilities include an indoor pool, a gym, and a hot tub.
Score from 1440 reviews
Very good
This San Francisco hotel features an on-site restaurant and warmly decorated rooms with a 42-inch flat-screen TV and a CD player. The Golden Gate Bridge is just 6 miles away.
Score from 1497 reviews
Very good
The Westin St Francis on Union Square Home to the historic Magneta Grandfather Clock, this luxury Union Square hotel is right in front of a cable car stop. A day spa and restaurants are available.
Score from 1195 reviews
Very good
Superb location! Helpful, very friendly staff who helped us check in 4 hours early without a hassle!!!!!!! Prompt valet service. Extremely clean, comfortable room. We couldn't have been happier.
Did not felt very welcome even as a silver member
The properties and staff was excellent
No free parking and if you did not talk to the staff they would have charge us almos &10 a day for wifi. When you spoke to them about this they gave a very weak response but did authorize free wifi.
location and comfort.
Expensive. Better deals were offered online. I tried to switch but they refused. Booking.com were VERY helpful and got me a deal on wifi! An American lady team member tried very heard to accommodate us. Well done booking.com!
location in the heart of San Francisco near by shops and the union square
No a good lobby, wrong booking the parking cost
Room, service, location, feel.
Very limited free wi-fi. No program guide for cable.
good size rooms Great views Clean and spacious restrooms
Breakfast is excellent and coffee is very good.
No self parking only valet.
Excellent location, very friendly staff, spacious room
Only one chair in the room, some smells from carpet, window needs an upgrade
The staff were really nice. We loved the 2 queen sized beds and the great view. The location is walking distance from fabulous shopping, great eating places, and night life. The breakfast/snack bar on the 21st floor was exceptional.
The shower pan was way too small, the on-site parking was too expensive ($56/day), there was only 1 chair in the room, the door to the bathroom didn't slide like it was supposed to, and there was no sound separation between the toilet and the rest of the room.
Caråarling service
Stayed for o e night with My son. Everything ok but Breakfast buffé 26 dollars was not even close worth it. Fold ok but price...,,,
The intimacy of the hotel and decor. Very impressive interior whilst not being overwhelmingly large.
The staff is first-rate! From the reception, to the concierge, to the wait staff - they were all wonderful and so caring!!
Nothing - great hotel!
Convenience of downtown stores for shopping & restaurants Near union square activities Bell staff very helpful with arranging limo service; staff very friendly & helpful lounge entertainment great
only one person at check-in desk then several people came out together to wait on people
the location
no business center line to ask a question food expensive and not good WiFi is extra high dollar for the stay room very small no ambiance
location was great
door to my room (508) was dirty. looked like scratches from luggage or other objects. the hotel itself was great except for the cleanliness of hotel room door. valet parking cost is terrible. i will not stay there again due to extremely high valet cost that i was not aware of until i checked out!
Service was good Food was okay Need to call the front desk if you want turn down
The designer if this hotel thought glass elevators would be a cool feature, but the tall inner atrium serves only to give guests vertigo with open wraught iron metal railings that are gaudy and nerve wracking if you have small kids on a high floor. The hallway design is not well thought out and the fancy glass elevators make a lot of noise, making the atrium guest / bar area not restful or peaceful, not likely the effect they were trying to create.
Room was very spacious. Bed was comfortable. Concierge was outstanding, very convenient to cable cars, bus lines and bart. Fitness center was excellent.
No fridge, coffee machine only option for expresso serving size, charged us for using large bottled water that was sitting by our bed.
We like the location the friendly staff
Nothing we didn't like
Overnight street noise from late night owls in the street


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Open Gov
Under an executive order, civilian agencies must produce data in open, machine-readable form to promote public access and commercial use. (Stock image)
President Obama issued an executive order May 9 to require civilian agencies to produce data in open, machine-readable form to promote public access and commercial use. The presidential order and an accompanying implementation memo from the Office of Management and Budget puts teeth behind a policy launched almost one year ago with the release of the administration's Digital Government strategy, which touted open data as a potential engine of economic growth.
The order is a long time coming: The original digital strategy memo promised that open data standards would be released in November of 2012.
"One of the things we're doing to fuel more private sector innovation and discovery is to make vast amounts of America's data open and easy to access for the first time in history. And talented entrepreneurs are doing some pretty amazing things with it," said President Obama in a statement. "Starting today, we're making even more government data available online, which will help launch even more new startups. And we're making it easier for people to find the data and use it, so that entrepreneurs can build products and services we haven't even imagined yet."
Agencies are required to create and collect information with an eye to its release in machine-readable format -- in spreadsheet form at least, if not in XML, JSON or other programmer-friendly formats. The order and supporting documents also reiterate and clarify the principles of open data: Making it public, accessible, clearly described, reusable, complete, timely and "managed post-release." That last point specifies that "a point of contact must be designated to assist with data use and to respond to complaints about adherence to these open data requirements."
Executive Order
Implementation Memo
Digital Government Strategy
The open data framework applies even for information the government doesn't intend to make public. "Whether or not particular information can be made public, agencies can apply this framework to all information resources to promote efficiency and produce value," the OMB memo states.
Agencies have a few concrete deliverables under the plan. The most forward facing of these is the creation of a data page at each agency that lists publicly available government datasets. The OMB memo mandates a common architecture across agencies, with data showcased on a page reachable by adding "/data" to the agency URL. A quick scan shows that few agencies have built such data pages; notable exceptions include the Census Bureau and the Federal Communication Commission.
The OMB memo also directs agency heads to ensure that chief information officers are "positioned with the responsibility and authority implement the requirements" of the open data policy. The memo is signed by CIO Steven VanRoekel, CTO Todd Park, new OMB Director Sylvia M. Burwell and Dominic J. Mancini, the acting administrator for OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.
About the Author
Adam Mazmanian is a staff writer covering Congress, the FCC and other key agencies. Connect with him on Twitter: @thisismaz.
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President Obama's proposal to boost government coordination with the private sector got a warm welcome in the House Homeland Security Committee.
The spy agency wants to better integrate cybersecurity into its traditional human intelligence operations.
Meet the women and men who are doing great things in federal IT.
The law's certification and approval provisions empower CIOs to end outdated software development projects, says Agilex's Roger Baker.
The new chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee extends an olive branch to the minority, but keeps subpoena power for himself.
FCW investigated efforts by the departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to improve a joint data repository on military and veteran suicides. Something as impersonal and mundane as incomplete datasets could be exacerbating a national tragedy.
Despite delays, the program is at a critical point for determining the ultimate impact of cloud technology in the government space.
In an interview with FCW, the Department of Veterans Affairs' chief technology officer talks about overhauling the digital experience for VA customers.
The National Information Exchange Model's usefulness extends far beyond its origins in justice and law enforcement.
Nice choice of formats when SAS is the standard in both government and industry.
Let's make sure it is in a machine readable format so Americas's rivals and enemies can use it against us as easily as possible. The idea that they have to hack their way into the Federal Govt sites to obtain the data is truly a hassle for them. They still have to do that for corporate businesses, but it looks like this administration will open that can up for them also.
The executive order and supporting policy memo are now available in open, standard, machine-readable StratML format at http://xml.fido.gov/stratml/drybridge/index.htm#EOOMRD & http://xml.fido.gov/stratml/drybridge/index.htm#M-13-13

subset: commoncrawl


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Rock legends Kiss are to perform a special concert in Melbournes Albert Park after next seasons Australian Grand Prix. The band, who have recorded 32 albums, will perform immediately after the March race.
Let me see - high octane, roaring horsepower testing the threshold of sound and speed. And then the Formula One Grand Prix! enthused vocalist and guitarist Paul Stanley. No way we'd miss this! We'll be firing on all cylinders and the audience will need their seatbelts.
The Kiss concert will be free to all ticket holders and is the centrepiece of an impressive programme of events devised by organisers to entertain fans throughout the race weekend.
There have never been more reasons to go to the Grand Prix, explained Drew Ward the chief executive of the Australian Grand Prix Corporation. With Formula One racing more competitive than ever, the V8 Supercars back in a new format, the Kiss concert and other new attractions planned, its simply unmissable.
The Australian Grand Prix will take place from March 14-16, 2008.


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Likit Toys and Treats - the U.K.'s Answer to Equine Entertainment now distributed by Toklat Horse Treats - Press Release
Known in Europe for providing entertainment, reducing stress and alleviating boredom in stabled horses, Great Britain's Likit Treats and Toys are now distributed in the United States by Toklat Originals, Inc. Pleased to add Likit to its line, Toklat Originals, Inc. proudly manufactures, distributes and imports 4,000-plus equestrian products from its Lake Oswego, Oregon headquarters.
Nutritious and scientifically formulated by some of Great Britian's top veterinarians and equine behaviorists, Likit Treats are fortified with vitamins and nutritional supplements to enhance your horse's general well-being. Designed to alleviate boredom, Likit Treats and Toys improve the psychological well-being of horses by stimulating natural foraging behaviors. Preventing boredom has been shown to reduce cribbing, weaving and other stable vices, which may be caused by the stress of confinement.
Likit currently offers four toy products for horses: the Likit Holder, the Boredom Breaker, the Tongue Twister and the Snak-a-Ball. The Likit Holder is the easiest and most affordable way for horse owners to start using Likits in their barn. The hanging, vitamin-enriched spool has a texture similar to that of hard candy and will occupy stabled horses for hours. Each Likit Holder comes complete with a strong, colorful nylon rope and a Likit flavor of choice. The Boredom Breaker is a combination toy comprised of the aforementioned Likit Holder and a sturdy, plastic ball attached below it. Designed to hang and swing about freely in a stable, the Boredom Breaker fits one Likit and two Little Likits and comes in Blue, Red and Glitter Pink. The Tongue Twister is an interactive toy that attaches securely to a stable wall. A durable plastic ball rotates around when licked by a horse, providing endless entertainment. The Tongue Twister holds two Little Likits and comes complete with necessary hard.


text:
Search News
Trinidad Express article.
Port of Spain, Trinidad - Trinidad and Tobago men's senior cricket team coach Kelvin Williams says a victory in the opening NAGICO Super 50 match against long-time rivals Barbados is very important to his team.
T&T, led by new captain Dwayne Bravo, will square off against the Barbadians on Sunday in their day/...
Trinidad Guardian article.
Port of Spain, Trinidad - Manager of the national cricket team Manohar Ramsaran says that batsman Darren Bravo is in great spirits and ready to deliver big runs for T&T in the upcoming Nagico Super50 cricket tournament which bowls off on Thursday at the Queen's Park Oval, St Clair.
Bravo left the West Indies tour...
Guyana Chronicle article.
Georgetown, Guyana - A delay in the shipment of electrical components has slowed the $91M floodlight project at the Albion Sports Complex, Corentyne, Berbice.
However, works have picked up a pace since Cummings Electrical Company began phase two (placing of foundation) of the project on January 17.
...Kaieteur News article.
Georgetown, Guyana - The Scotiabank Kiddy's Cricket Programme for 2014 will be launched today in the board room of the Guyana Cricket Board (GCB) from 13:00 hours.
The launch will involve participation of representatives from Scotiabank, Ministry of the Education, Allied Arts, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports and...
Kaieteur News article.
Georgetown, Guyana - Banks Malta Supreme came on board at the eleventh hour to offer sponsorship for the Guyana Cricket team which wings out today for the 2014 Regional Super50 tournament from January 30 to February 16 in Trinidad & Tobago.
This is the first...


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Ham and Mozzarella Melts with Sauteed Spinach - Real Simple
20 minutes prep, 20 minutes total. 382 calories.
Yield: 4 servings
Community Recipe from
- 2 tablespoon(s) olive oil
- 2 clove(s) garlic, sliced
- Kosher salt and black pepper
- 2 bunch(es) flat-leaf spinach, stems discarded
- 2 whole(s) large ciabatta rolls, split
- 4 ounce(s) sliced deli ham
- 2 plum tomatoes, sliced
- 8 ounce(s) fresh mozzarella, sliced
- 1 teaspoon(s) dried oregano
- 1. Heat the oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the garlic, 1/4 tsp. each salt and pepper, and as much spinach as will fit. Cook, tossing and adding more spinach when there is room, until tender, 2-3 minutes.
- 2. Meanwhile, heat broiler. Place the rolls split-side up on a foil-lined large broilerproof baking sheet. Dividing evenly, top with the ham, tomatoes, mozzarella, oregano, and 1/4 teaspoon each salt and pepper. Broil until the cheese is melted, 2-3 minutes. Serve with the spinach.
September 2012
This recipe is a personal recipe added by kateseats59 and has not been tested or endorsed by MyRecipes.
Ham and Mozzarella Melts with Sauteed Spinach - Real Simple Recipe at a Glance
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recipe reviews for:
"A rich chocolate fudge is accented with bits of peanut butter flavor. Children will love helping to make this easy fudge."
My Profile | Cooks I Like Reviews | Photos | Recipes | Menus | Blog
Cooking Level: Expert
Cooking Level: Beginning
Cooking Level: Intermediate
The most-tender new vegetables are here just in time for early spring salads!
Creamy, comforting potato soups will warm you up.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
See how to make these delicious, decadent sweet treats.
Cool off with quick-and-easy homemade ice cream—no ice cream maker required!
Peanut butter and chocolate chunks make these chewy cookies addictive.


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Paslode Tool Battery Chargers
Battery chargers power up Li-Ion and Ni-Cad power tool batteries. Specialty models like automotive, dual bay and universal chargers give you greater flexibility on the jobsite. We carry battery chargers from major manufacturers like Milwaukee, Bosch, Makita, DEWALT® and Panasonic.
Paslode 900200Charger for all Paslode Impulse Cordless Tools
Sale Price: $39.14
Paslode 900507Impulse Car Charger Adapter
Sale Price: $9.67


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Ugandan Central Bank Holds Key Rate as Inflation Eases
March 5 (Bloomberg) -- Uganda's central bank left its benchmark interest rate unchanged for a third month as inflation in the East African nation eased.
The Bank of Uganda kept the rate at 12 percent, Deputy Governor Louis Kasekende told reporters today in Kampala, the capital. That was in line with the forecasts of all three economists surveyed by Bloomberg.
Consumer prices rose at the slowest pace in 26 months in February, giving policy makers room to keep borrowing costs unchanged, said Stephen Kaboyo, managing director of Kampala-based research company Alpha Partners.
"The decision seems to be underpinned by the rationale that the current central bank rate is consistent with keeping inflation near the target of 5 percent," Kaboyo said.
The central bank is also being cautious before a winner is announced in elections in Kenya that took place yesterday, said Robert Katabaire, an economist at Kampala-based brokerage Dyer & Blair Uganda Ltd. Violence after the last vote five years ago disrupted trade between the neighboring countries.
"The central bank is watchful of the Kenyan situation and wouldn't want to hurry into cutting the rate," Katabaire said. "Petroleum prices have slightly risen because of speculation over Kenya's elections."
The Bank of Uganda cut the rate nine times last year, after almost doubling it in 2011 to curb prices and prop up the shilling. The currency has gained more than 1 percent against the dollar this year, while inflation slowed to 3.4 percent last month from 4.9 percent in January. Core inflation eased to 5.5 percent from 5.6 percent in January, it said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Fred Ojambo in Kampala at firstname.lastname@example.com.
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Paul Richardson in Nairobi at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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February 24, 2015
Due to the impending winter storm, this event has been canceled.
Schwebel wants to help communities retain their individual character while preparing for the next big storms and the challenges of sea level rise
January 29, 2015
The grant supports UCI's work with several academic, government, private and public sector partners to implement the project.
January 21, 2015
The Series brings highly regarded experts to campus to engage students and the community in dialogue on critical aspects of sustainability.
Monmouth University Marine Scientist Jim Nickels was featured on FiOS 1 News on January 13.
January 15, 2015
"A World at War, 1937-1945: Triumph, Tragedy, Memory and Myth"
December 23, 2014
A news segment about Wilson Hall at Monmouth University being used as the exterior of Warbucks' mansion was featured on FiOS 1 News on December 19.
November 25, 2014
Local venders will be selling a variety of fun and unique products including jewelry, home goods, clothing, cookware, and much more.
November 24, 2014
Santander Bank, N.A. announced that it renewed its commitment with Monmouth University for its Santander Universities Global Division to support the Urban Coast Institute (UCI) Marine Science & Policy Initiative.
November 18, 2014
Proceeds from this event support the Monmouth University Scholarship Fund.
November 11, 2014
This lecture is free and open to the public.
October 31, 2014
Monmouth University's Urban Coast Institute Director Tony MacDonald was featured on CBS New York on October 29.
October 29, 2014
In its 15th year, the student-organized community service initiative celebrated its largest turnout ever.
October 28, 2014
The lecture by Avi Melamed, a former Israeli senior official on Arab affairs, is free and open to the public.
Monmouth University's Urban Coast Institute Director Tony MacDonald was featured in the Asbury Park Press on October 26.


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Rebecca Black Performs 'Friday' & 'My Moment' For Fans In Australia [VIDEO]
"Friday" YouTube sensation, Rebecca Black, is taking her music for a ride, an airplane ride down under!
Rebecca Black Joins Katy Perry On Stage For 'Friday' Duet [VIDEO]
The 14-year-old rising star touched down in Sydney, Australia Tuesday to perform her latest hits, "Friday" and "My Moment." Rebecca also gives some advice on YouTube making to an Aussie news agency, "What you put on there is permanent, so make sure you have very much pride in what you put on. You never know what's going to happen. It could get two views or it could get a million views."
Rebecca Black's 'Friday' Video Surpasses 100 Million Views On YouTube
Dreams really do come true! Watch Rebecca wearing a cute high-waisted skirt and yellow top, performing in Sydney.


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Seems FX's little comedy that could(n't be more hilariously offensive) will continue to truck along. During FX's TCA panel, the network's president, John Landgraf, told reporters It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia has "a high likelihood" of returning for a 10th season. "Whether it goes beyond that depends on whether the people who created the show want to go and whether the audience still wants to watch. But there will definitely be one more year, probably two."The news is not surprising for any fan of the cult comedy — which stars Danny DeVito, Charlie Day, Glenn Howerton, Rob McElhenney, and Kaitlin Olson as five deranged bar owners — but the timing of the announcement is unexpected. Sunny finished airing its eighth season in December, and won't return for a ninth until fall 2013.
Still, it's cause for a celebration worthy of rum ham for Sunny's dedicated fanbase — even if they'll have to share Thursday night with Charlie Sheen, whose Anger Management will boast 45 episodes a year, according to Landgraf. (Sunny, on the other hand, airs only a dozen episodes per season.) Good thing there's plenty of ham to go around.
[Image Credit: FX]
It's Always Sunny React: This Is How We Do It
2012 Emmy Longshots: Kaitlin Olson, the (Aluminum) Monster We Root For
It's Always Sunny Season 8 Promo: Haley Joel Osment Fights (As Mac) For a Comeback
Megan Fox's 12 Hottest Moments (Moviefone)
Ryan Gosling's 'Airbrushed' Abs: Plus 19 More Reasons We Love the Actor


text: On Tuesday February 23 2010 08:18:19 pm Robert Connolly wrote: > The onward branch was updated this week. New package versions for > everything. gcc44, glibc-2.11.1. Gmp, mpfr, xz (lzma), attr, acl, and > libcap2, were added. Native x86_64 is supported now. > > Now I'm going to try to get it to reboot. Probably using grub2. Oh, and it's at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hlfs/view/ so you don't need an svn client to download it. robert -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 197 bytes Desc: not available URL: <http://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/pipermail/hlfs-dev/attachments/20100224/bfeba627/attachment.sig>


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As he describes his exchanges with the union and senate leaders immediately after the union victory, a sardonic grin flickers at the corners of his mouth. He seems genuinely confused about why faculty leaders would argue that I-80 wasn't strong enough, then complain when he abolished the policy after they unionized.
"[Union leaders] were saying, 'I-80 is ineffective, I-80 doesn't work,'" he recounts. "Then the election takes place and all of a sudden they reverse that. All of a sudden, it's 'I-80 is wonderful, we want I-80.'" Although Padron is trying to evince bemusement over the faculty's reversal, he comes across as mocking them.
He expresses no remorse about dissolving the faculty senates. In fact, Padron declares, the senates as they had existed were troubled, especially since unionists got involved in the leadership. "If you look at the agenda for the senates for the last five years, it's hard for you to find an academic issue there." (Jim Jackson, who as of now was the last senate consortium president MDCC will ever have, vehemently denies that the senates gave short shrift to academic issues.)
"They called for a meeting in exile," Padron says, allowing himself a chuckle. "They do all these dramatic things, and who goes? Less people than the eleven people on [union] stationery." The actual number was at least 40. "You know, things can get very childish."
As for the group derisively known as his "Palace Brigade," Padron is appalled that anyone would question its legitimacy. Creating the committee was a demonstration of his belief in shared decision-making. "I think we have a great body of faculty here, and they are characterized by a lot of integrity," he says, his hands steepled. "I don't think that being elected or being appointed makes any big difference."
The ad hoc commission's recommendation for a new faculty government should be completed sometime in May. The union awaits a ruling from PERC on whether Padron acted improperly in disbanding the senates. If the AAUP is not satisfied with Padron's response to its letter, the group will sanction the college -- a black mark in academia. Meanwhile, the union is building up its membership in preparation for contract talks with the administration. Richard estimates these talks will begin in late summer.
Padron remains unrepentant. He shakes his head. "Frankly, if I had it to start all over again, I would do it the same way," he says with quiet intensity. "We have been very serious about, you know, putting students first. And the best thing we have going for us -- I've said this before and I will continue to say it; the union hasn't changed my mind -- the thing that makes Miami-Dade what it is, is its faculty. We have an incredibly talented, dedicated faculty who are second to none in this nation. That is the greatest source of my pride.


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NBA: Phoenix Suns at New Orleans Hornets
Feb 6, 2013; New Orleans, LA, USA; Phoenix Suns center Marcin Gortat (4) shoots over New Orleans Hornets point guard Greivis Vasquez (21) during the second half of a game at the New Orleans Arena. The Hornets defeated the Suns 93-84. (Derick E. Hingle-USA TODAY Sports)
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A collection of my best portrait and landscape shots from India.
The enormity and complexity of India's layered existence can not be conveyed in the narrowness of a single photo. However, photos can provide a great visual spectacle and maybe spark a curiosity for this absorbing and thrilling country.
Henna at the Mehendi – part of the Southern Indian wedding traditions. The Mehendi is a meeting of close friends and family ,and where elaborate and stunning henna is provided.
Canon EOS1000d
oh…. uber pretty!……..i love it
Thanks Isa and Gina for the kind comments (and emoticon)
so beautiful!
Thank you for submitting your work into the Canon DSLR group.
wonderfull mehndi
Lovely capture of a fascinating art!
Thank you for adding your work to The Best of RedBubble!


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...the pumpkin? I want to make a batch or two of pumpkin ale for the fall. I want it to hit some around 7%. I keep reading many of you do not even use pumpkin and if you do it's a PITA. Why not use a product like this? http://www.suttonsbayspices.com/Flav...ils/21561.html Orhttps://www.naturesflavors.com/produ...oducts_id=5606 The second I assume is some sort of powder concentrate of actual pumpkins. I can envision using it at the end of a boil. The oil I think would be easier to use as you can do a gradual addition to a bottle of neutral flavored beer to get the right ratio. Though the powder would be pretty easy to utilize at the end of the boil like I said or even treat it like a late sugar addition possibly. Anyone have any experience with either that "candy" oil or any of the flavor compounds?
Going through life is hard. Going through life stupid is harder.
Never used that stuff. I've seen a lot of discussion that more flavor is derived from the spices (cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice etc) than the actual pumpkin itself.
Yeah that's what I keep reading. However I suspect if there's a good way to get pumpkin flavor in the beer it'd make a better pumpkin ale.
Pumpkin doesn't provide the flavor. Last year I used real pumpkin in the mash with no issues, and might again just for "authenticity", but in all honesty it's unnecessary. As stated above, it's the spices which give the flavor. Im no expert, but I would avoid using the first product. First, it could mess with head retention. What exactly is "pumpkin flavor" anyway? It's always said that pumpkin has a very subtle, barely there flavor to begin with, so what would the extract provide? Not to mention, that description is definitely not good enough for me to feel comfortable putting that in my beer. I would want more information.
I guess is a semantic arguement for me but without pumpkin how is it even called a pumpkin ale? All it is at that point is spiced like any other spiced beer. I found a breakdown of the extract and it lists triglycerides which I'm sure would kill head retention. I emailed the powder compound company about equivalence between a pound of pumpkin and the pumpkin flavor.
Powders are notorious for doing basically nothing for flavor in beer. Some people say cocoa works, some say it doesn't. The reviews of that peanut powder were mostly negative. There's a long thread about the peanut powder somewhere on here. It was used in many different parts of the process and generally everyone said they didn't taste it.
Try maybe try a box of chai tea for making chai lattes. It tastes a lot like pumpkin pie to me.
On the topic, anyone have a pointer to a really good Pumpking AG recipe? TIA!
There's tons in the recipe section.
Wow I had no idea that section existed ... thanks


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Polygal weighs 1/6 as much as glass and has 200 times the impact strength. Both of these factors, plus the material's versatility, make Bohlin a fan. "The product maintains a light, modern feeling," he says, "and at night, it takes on a special, magical quality when light filters through it." Polygal structured sheets have a ribbed configuration that provides thermal insulation and can be speced in various gauges, colors, and thicknesses. Polygal, 800.537.0095; www.polygal.com.
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bohlin cywinski jackson wilkes-barre, pa. peter q. bohlin, faia www.bcj.com
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Glass Chimney for Bottle Candles
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Originally posted by jhco50:you would be all for legalizing drug use. Everything about you goes against anything society accepts.
Jhco, if drugs are legalised, it is in part because they have become accepted by society. Not your society, certainly. But mainstream American society.
Society changes. It is a living thing, and never stays in the same state for long. You have to move with the times or get left behind.
Fact is, legalising drugs and then regulating them, makes it far easier to control them than making them illegal. Why? Well because it is no-longer an automatic criminal offense to be in possession of the drug, so it makes it easier for those with dependency problems to come forwards and get help. Additionally, since the drugs are legal, we can control their purity and bring the price down. If it no-longer costs a hundred bucks to get high for a week (guessing here as I don't use them) and instead costs $15, then the incentive to steal to get your next fix is all but history.
That wipes out the druggies breaking into your house to steal your stuff in one fell swoop. Crime rates in general drop, as there is no-longer this need for huge sums to support a habit, and getting off that habit is much easier than ever before.


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One of the world's most beloved books is The Little Prince by Antoine Saint-Exupery. Published in 1943, almost two million copies are sold every year, in about 250 languages.
If asked where you think the book was written, you might say Paris. You'd be wrong. Try Long Island — as in Long Island, N.Y.
When the late Nikos Kefalidis bought the house on Beven Road in Northport, Long Island, in the late 1970s, he knew that 30 years before, Saint-Exupery had written and illustrated part of Le Petit Prince in that house.
It was something known in the community, but not in many other places. His wife, Laurie Kefalidis, has stood in the room where Saint-Exupery wrote, and is happy about the book's connection to her house. She has copies of The Little Prince in some 30 languages.
"I think it's about life and death, and what's important in life," she says. "I think he talks about falsehood, or untruths, or hypocrisy, or duplicity in a very charming way, actually."
A New York Story
Saint-Exupery also wrote the book in Manhattan. The Morgan Library and Museum bought the original manuscript of The Little Prince in 1968, along with many other drawings, including precursors to what ended up in the book.
The museum had an exhibition on the 50th anniversary of publication, 20 years ago, but a new exhibition, open until May, looks at the author's creative process.
The curator of the show, The Little Prince: A New York Story, is Christine Nelson. Saint-Exupery, Nelson says, was a meticulous craftsman, but his working habits were somewhat chaotic.
"Wherever he went, he had stacks of onionskin paper with him, and always a cup of coffee or tea by his side, always a cigarette hanging out of his mouth," she says. "The manuscript we have here even has stains on many of the corners of the pages. One of the drawings even has a cigarette burn, which we've left for people to see."
From Pilot To Prince
Saint-Exupery came to New York in 1940, after the Germans occupied France. A writer and aviator, he left just after the publication of the book, returning to fly reconnaissance missions for the Allies.
Before he left, he took his drawings and writings, many of which were deleted from the final book, and gave them in a brown paper bag to a friend, Silvia Hamilton. Nelson shows an extraordinary letter Saint-Exupery wrote and illustrated for a friend in 1940, when he was still in France. A man looking very much like the author is standing on a cloud.
"Of course in the book, it becomes a planet, and then all of this is floating above an image of Earth, and what do we see on Earth but a little sheep that looks very much like the sheep in the opening of The Little Prince, and of course a flower, and the Little Prince has a beloved flower on his planet," Nelson says.
The pictures evolve from an adult who looks like the author, with thinning hair and a bow tie, to the Little Prince. There are pages of writing, all in French — he never mastered English — all sections of the book that were deleted, including several adventures on Earth.
One page mentions places in New York. Nelson points to references of Long Island and Manhattan; "It's very tiny, but you see it."
These were all deleted from the final text. There's a section where the narrator talks about humans' inflated sense of self.
"We think we dominate the Earth, and yet we really don't take up so much space at all," Nelson paraphrases Saint-Exupery. "He says, 'If we got everyone on Earth together for a big meeting, we could fit everyone onto a small Pacific Island.' But in the manuscript, instead of a Pacific Island, it's Long Island."
Endings Left To The Imagination
When you ask people their favorite part of The Little Prince, so many talk about the boa constrictor eating the elephant, how adults only see it as a hat; or the final drawing of a sheep, just three holes in a box; and the secret told to the Little Prince by the fox.
"What is essential is invisible to the eye," Nelson says. "It reminds us of that beginning of the story: What is essential is what you can't see, what's inside the snake, what's inside your heart."
In the end we will never know if the Little Prince makes it back to his planet or dies. One year after the book came out, Saint-Exupery also disappeared into thin air, during a reconnaissance mission on July 31, 1944.
Years later parts of the plane were found, and a fisherman near Marseilles found a silver bracelet in his net, a bracelet that's in the exhibit. It has Saint-Exupery's name, the address of his publisher, and the letters NYC USA.


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Deal or no deal, House leadership will be tested next week.
The party avoided past splits and damaged the GOP in the process.
David Scott caught an earful after voting with the GOP on a short-term funding extension.
When Republicans turned the tables on an attempt by Democrats to pin them on the reality of climate change, only Sen. Roger Wicker didn't go along with the plan.
Republicans could not muster support for the three-week bill and had to move a one-week measure instead.
The House is working on an alternate three-week funding measure, and time is running out.
Republicans are going to kick the can down the road.


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U.S. Sen. Jeanne Shaheen looks at Sabrina Chan's work at Dover High School in the all-girls engineering class, which promotes STEM education for young women, Monday afternoon. (Ryan McBride/Staff photographer)
DOVER — The acronym STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math and one of its main proponents in this country is Jeanne Shaheen, U.S. senator from New Hampshire.This was brought home Monday as Sen. Shaheen visited Dover High School and specifically an all-girls engineering class."The class is all freshman and all female," explained instructor Jennifer Cove. "We are experimenting with the process which appears to allow more interaction when the class is all female. Kathleen Costello, Student Services Coordinator for the Career Technical Center noted that Shaheen was instrumental in moving STEM programs along throughout the country and recently sent an invitation to the senator.Shaheen responded in the affirmative and arrived at the school at 1 p.m. Monday. "This is exciting for me," said Shaheen, "I taught here in 1968-69 and it is really nice to be back."The senator entered engineering classroom 142 to a group of girls sitting behind computer screens. She addressed the girls explaining the STEM program, asked each of their names and why they were interested in engineering.
Ryan McBride/Staff photographer U.S. Sen. Jeanne Shaheen speaks with students at Dover High School Monday afternoon in the all-girls engineering class, which promotes STEM education for young women.


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We came here for one night with a Smartbox. Despite some confusion with the original booking, Giuseppe was very helpful. The agriturismo is right in the middle of the countryside, really quiet and peaceful. The location is ideal for visiting Spoleto, Spello, Assisi etc. The apartment was quite spacious but nothing special. It was not very well-equipped for self-caterers. We... More
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Tajima is a lieutenant in the SAT, and Rika Minami's partner.
Tajima is an officer in the Japanese SAT (Special Assault Team) and is the spotter partner of the sniper, Rika Minami. When the outbreak of the Them (zombies) hit the Tokonosu Prefecture, He and Rika were stationed to protect the humans and other VIPs at the Tokonosu Offshore International Airport.
Tajima is a supporting character of the manga/anime series Highschool of the Dead that was written by Daisuke Sato and illustrated by Shouji Sato. The series first began serialization in Fujimi Shobo's Monthly Dragon Age magazine in July 2006.
His first appearance was in Hightschool of the Dead Volume 2 CH. 5 "Streets of the Dead", and his first anime appearance was in Highschool of the Dead - Episode 5 "Spring of the Dead". His character in the Japanese series is voiced by Daisuke Hirakawa , and the U.S. dub produced by Section 23 is done by Corey Hartzog.
Tajima served as the spotter for his partner Rika at the Tokonosu Offshore Airport. Their mission was to clear the runway of the undead to allow jets clear take off. After a long first day, he watched as Rika stood up and started to fondle her own breast due to feeling numb from having on her belly all day sniping. When he offered to rub them for her, she said only when he was a better shot that her. Being that she's one of the top five marksmen in the nation, he knew when he was defeated. The last airliner had left, and he asked what she had planned. When she said she wanted to head back into town, he thought it was for her lover. Rika said it was for a friend.
It was a few days later that Tajima and Rika were called back by their commander for a mission briefing. All the planes have left and they were trying to gather as many survivors as possible. They had a huge arsenal. What they lacked was enough people who were trained to use them. They were the team that were to undertake the mission of acquiring one of the large portable fuel tankers to spread the fuel and set these undead aflame.
Tajima covered Rika while she hot wired the fuel truck. He hopped onto he back and she drove, but one of the infected was on the top. He was bitten in the leg but continued his duty to spray the fuel onto the runway, never saying anything to Rika. She eventually became worried when she stopped hearing from him, and ran back to find him. They both knew it was too late for him, and she asked if he had any last requests. He joked that he didn't even have the energy left to feel up her breasts. Rika told him he was the best partner she could of ever asked for and saluted him. Once she was clear of the tanker, he said he really wish he could of felt her breasts, and ignited the tanker along with himself. This ignited the fuel and completed the mission.
As a officer in the SAT, Tajima has access to a large variety of firearms and the training to use them effectively. His standard weapon is a Heckler & Koch MP5F.
In the anime that was produced by Madhouse, the events of Rika and Tajima's mission for the tanker was cut from the story. It quickly skipped to the scene just before the EMP that happened after his death.
Name | Movies | TV Shows | |
Daisuke Hirakawa | 0 |
2 |
Corey Hartzog | 0 |
2 |
Name: | Tajima |
Name: | 田島 |
Romanji: | Tajima |
Gender: | Male |
Birthday: | |
1st manga book: | Highschool of the Dead #2 |
1st anime episode: | Highschool of the Dead #5 |
1st anime movie: | |
Aliases |


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Jessica Schaffhausen held an urn holding some of the girls' remains. Art by Sophie is in the background.
With heavy hearts, many of us watched the trial of Aaron Schaffhausen and thought, "How could a monster like this man even be living?" There are no words to describe his unspeakable act, and there never will be.
However, when reading "Remembering the light in her girls, she survives the dark" (April 21), I was able to find hope again. At least three times in the article, Jessica Schaffhausen mentioned the support of her community.
"I know this really evil thing has happened," she said, "but all I've seen outside of that one act is a lot of good from people."
In my opinion, that screams America. It's been a long, hard ride in this country, especially recently with the Boston Marathon bombings. But how incredible is it that from such a heinous crime comes so much support and hope?
We need remember that it is easy to see the evil, because in life that's what is talked and written about. We need to start looking at the amazing people who step up in this country — the people like those who have gathered themselves around Jessica Schaffhausen in such a time of darkness.
We need to be like Jessica Schaffhausen.
Annie Baker, Eden Prairie
The Opinion section is produced by the Editorial Department to foster discussion about key issues. The Editorial Board represents the institutional voice of the Star Tribune and operates independently of the newsroom.


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Top Celebrity Engagements and Weddings from 2013
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Kim Kardashian's New Eye Color Will Creep You Out
This Star Pretty Much Hates Living Next Door to Taylor Swift
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Bruce Jenner Rocks Red Nail Polish, Smokes Cig on His Birthday
Chaunte Wayans Brings Her Awesome Humor to MTV
32 Ridiculously Cute Queer Women Couples
Why We Want The Lesbian Taylor Swift Rumors To Be True
What Does Sia's Face Look Like Under Her Wig?
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The Most Beautiful Baby In The World Has Arrived
Watch Miley Cyrus Fall Down on Stage While Wearing a Fake Butt
Halle Berry Can't Keep it Together: The Latest Drama Unveiled
Kylie Jenner Buys A $2.7 Million House!
RHOA's Porsha Williams Reveals Her Natural Hair on Instagram
What Really Happened To The Cars From 'Pimp My Ride'
Fellow Models Mock Kendall Jenner on Instagram During NYFW
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Robin Thicke Shares The Secret That Destroyed His Marriage


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Democracies always in the making : historical and current philosophical issues for education
- Author/Creator
- Thayer-Bacon, Barbara J., 1953- author.
- Language
- English.
- Publication
- Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, [2013]
- Copyright notice
- ©2013
- Physical description
- xxviii, 153 pages ; 24 cm
Available online
More options
- Bibliography
- Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-143) and index.
- Contents
- Democratic theory : out from under the yokes of Locke and Rousseau
- Learning to trust our students : Rancière and Montessori on democracy
- Connecting the home and school to society : La Casa dei Bambini and the Chicago Lab School
- Trying to get social justice and love together : Highlander Folk School and Research and Education Center and Central Park East
- The teacher as a revolutionary leader : Freire, McLaren, hooks, and the staff at La Escuela
- Celebrating the passions of pluralism through the arts : Maxine Greene ; the Center for the Arts, Social Imagination, and Education ; and Young Warriors High School
- Implications for schools in democracies-always-in-the- making : conclusion.
- Summary
- "Democracies Always in the Making develops Barbara Thayer-Bacon's relational and pluralistic democratic theory, as well as translates that sociopolitical philosophical theory into educational theory and recommendations for school reform in American public schools. John Dewey warned us long ago that a nation cannot hope to be a democracy someday without paying attention to how it educates its young future citizens. Democracy is a goal, an ideal that we must continually strive for that can guide us in our decision making as we continue to live in a world that is unpredictable, flawed, and limited in terms of its resources. There are key political philosophers of education who we can turn to for help. They offer us important ideas that will help us recheck our assumptions and critique our daily practice. Existing school models also offer us important examples of how to structure schools as well as various methodologies and curricula that we can elect to use to help us move closer to the ideal of a democracy."--page [4] of cover.
Bibliographic information
- Publication date
- 2013
- Copyright date
- 2013
- Responsibility
- Barbara Thayer-Bacon.
- 9781610489287
- 1610489284
- 9781610489294
- 1610489292


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When the Prodigal Son or Daughter Is Yours
Where did we go wrong?
That's the first question we ask ourselves, and while it's a valid one, it's also one to answer promptly, honestly, and competently, and not to spend time wallowing in.
Of course you made mistakes — all humans do. Ask God to guide you in being aware of those mistakes, correct whatever is necessary, and move on. Prodigals happen in the best of families as well as in the worst, and you can find some measure of comfort in recognizing that the first Prodigal Son and Daughter were Adam and Eve.
Read more from Carolyn Henderson on her column "Commonsense Christianity" on Beliefnet.


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You'd be surprised that manySubmitted by Brock (not verified) on Sat, 07/09/2011 - 4:49am.
You'd be surprised that many of the finest deputies, firefighters, emts, doctors, nurses, etc are human beings. Individuals who make crass remarks and inappropriate jokes. Its the same everywhere. Most do have the common sense to keep it off recorded channels and away from the public eye. »
Reply |


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identity theft
The connection between hacking and tax fraud
Feb 11, 2015
A flood of phony TurboTax filings is raising concerns of identity theft tax fraud.
Protecting yourself from fraud protection
Sep 26, 2014
U.S. Bank billed customers for identity theft services they never received.
Health care data is becoming big target for hackers
Feb 6, 2014
Turns out a lot of our medical records aren't very secure, and might be even more valuable to hackers.
What will a thief do with my credit card number?
Dec 19, 2013
Target has revealed that the credit card numbers for more than 40 million customers have been stolen from its retail network.
Man arrested for ID theft of most of Greek population
Nov 21, 2012
Just when you thought it couldn't get any worse for the Greeks.
Heading towards fiscal health
Interview by
Aug 31, 2012
David Lazarus of the Los Angeles Times answers caller questions on personal finance, along with CBS MoneyWatch.com editor-at-large Jill Schlesinger.
Getting Personal: Underwater - should you swim away?
Interview by
Jan 13, 2012
L.A. Times consumer columnist David Lazarus joins Tess to answer questions about debt mediation services and how to cope with the bank when your home is underwater.
Big security breach in Texas
Apr 12, 2011
Texas, you better sit down for this. Texas State Comptroller Susan Combs announced on Monday that the names, addresses, Social Security numbers and...
Child ID theft - more common than you think
Apr 1, 2011
A research fellow at Carnegie Mellon's CyLab is out with a new report today about child identity theft. The first large report about this ever. And...


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US 7301985 B1 Abstract A PN code hopping method for mitigating cross-correlation interference is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a memory device and storing a plurality of PN codes, where each PN code is associated with a useful life cycle. The PN codes are pseudo-randomly accessed and used to spread a modulated signal for their respective useful life cycle before another PN code is pseudo-randomly retrieved.
Claims(15) 1. A PN code hopping device comprising:
at least one memory device, wherein the at least one memory device comprises:
a plurality of time limited PN codes;
an addressable multiplexer, wherein the addressable multiplexer is coupled to the at least one memory device;
an address generator wherein the address generator is coupled to the addressable multiplexer;
a N-x-Spreading Factor (SF) storage capacity, where N is an integer equal to a number of chips and SF is equal to N/symbol;
a universal serial bus (USB) port; and
a serial to N-parallel converter.
2. A PN code hopping device as in
a N-x-Spreading Factor (SF) storage capacity, where N is an integer equal to a number of chips and SF is equal to N/symbol; and
N-parallel outputs.
3. A PN code hopping device as in
4. A PN code hopping device as in
5. A PN code hopping device as in
6. A PN code hopping device as in
an up-down counter; and
a look-up-table, wherein the look-up-table is coupled to the up-down counter.
7. A pseudo noise (PN) code hopping system for mitigating cross-correlation interference between Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) users, the system comprising:
a first PN code hopping module, wherein the first PN code hopping module comprises:
a first memory device;
a first addressable multiplexer, wherein the addressable multiplexer is coupled to the first memory device;
a first address generator, wherein the first address generator is coupled to the first addressable multiplexer;
a second PN code hopping module, the second PN code hopping module is coupled to the first PN code hopping module, wherein the second PN code hopping module comprises:
a second memory device;
a second addressable multiplexer, wherein the addressable multiplexer is coupled to the second memory device; and
a second address generator, wherein the second address generator is coupled to the second addressable multiplexer.
8. A PN code hopping system as in
a first modulation matrix of size L�L, where L is an integer equal to SFmax/SFmin, and where SFmax is a maximum spread factor and SFmin is a minimum spread factor and where SFmax and SFmin are integers, wherein the first modulation matrix comprises a first set of time limited PN codes; and
L parallel outputs.
9. A PN code hopping system as in
10. A PN code hopping system as in
a first up-down counter; and
a first look-up-table (LUT), the first LUT coupled to the first up-down counter.
11. A PN code hopping system as in
12. A PN code hopping system as in
a second modulation matrix of size P�nP, where P=SFmax, where L is an integer equal to SFmax/SFmin, where SFmax is the maximum spread factor and SFmin is the minimum spread factor, where SFmax and SFmin are integers, a code order number n is equal to a PN order, and wherein the second modulation matrix comprises a second set of time limited PN codes; and
P parallel outputs.
13. A PN code hopping system as in
14. A PN code hopping system as in
a second up-down counter; and
a second look-up-table (LUT), the second LUT coupled to the second up-down counter.
15. A PN code hopping system as in
Description This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/037,422, filed Oct. 24, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,099,372. This disclosure of this Non-provisional Patent Application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 1. Field of the Invention This invention is generally related to telecommunications systems and apparatuses that employ spreading PN-codes and, in particular, relates to methods and apparatus for hopping PN-codes for mitigation of multi-user interference in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. 2. Prior Art Spread spectrum (SS) systems, which may be CDMA systems, are well known in the art. SS systems can employ a transmission technique in which a pseudo-noise (PN) PN-code is used as a modulating waveform to spread the signal energy over a bandwidth much greater than the signal information bandwidth. At the receiver the signal is de-spread using a synchronized replica of the PN-code. There are two basic types of SS systems: direct sequence spread spectrum systems (DSSS) and frequency hop spread spectrum systems (FHSS). The DSSS systems spread the signal over a bandwidth fRF Rc, where fRF represents the center bandpass carrier frequency and Rc represents the PN-code maximum chip rate, which in turn is an integer multiple of the symbol rate Rs. Multiple access systems employ DSSS techniques when transmitting multiple channels over the same frequency bandwidth to multiple receivers, each receiver having its own designated PN-code. Although each receiver receives the entire frequency bandwidth only the signal with the receiver's matching PN-code will appear intelligible, the rest appears as noise that is easily filtered. These systems are well known in the art and will not be discussed further. FHSS systems employ a PN-code sequence generated at the modulator that is used in conjunction with an m-ary frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation to shift the carrier frequency fRF at a hopping rate Rh. A FHSS system divides the available bandwidth into N channels and hops between these channels according to the PN-code sequence. At each frequency hop time a PN generator feeds a frequency synthesizer a sequence of n chips that dictates one of 2n frequency positions. The receiver follows the same frequency hop pattern. FHSS systems are also well known in the art and need not be discussed further. As noted, the DHSS system PN-code sequence spreads the data signal over the available bandwidth such that the carrier appears to be noise-like and random, but is deterministic to a receiver using the same PN-code. It is well known that the selection of PN-codes in CDMA systems is of critical importance. Ideal PN-codes are perfectly orthogonal in that the autocorrelation function for the PN-code has a large peaked maximum for perfect synchronization of two identical PN-code sequences; and zero cross correlation between different PN-codes sequences. Of the number of possible sets of orthogonal functions that can be used as PN-code generators, Hadamard functions are recognized as being particularly well suited for their orthogonal properties. Hadamard functions can be described by Hadamard matrices with powers of 2 as ordinary numbers and are well known in the art. Other orthogonal systems can be derived from Hadamard matrices by permuting the columns while still preserving the original orthogonal characteristics. One such derivation technique is the application of Walsh functions. Walsh functions are a set of binary and orthogonal waveforms that can be used for signal multiplexing purposes, and have long been recognized as having application to telephony. Reference in this regard can be had to an article entitled �The Multiplexing of Telephone Signals by Walsh Functions�, by I. A. Davidson in Applications of Walsh Functions, 1971 proceedings; Second Edition, Eds. R. W. Zeek and A. E. Showalter, pages 177-179. Another technique for creating PN-codes which are mutually orthogonal is to use a recursive construction technique defined by H. Hubner, �Multiplex Systems Using Sums of Walsh Functions as Carriers�, also in Applications of Walsh Functions, 1971 proceedings, Second Edition, pages 180-191. Reference in this regard can also be had to U.S. Pat. No. 5,751,761, entitled �System and Method for Orthogonal Spread Spectrum Sequence Generation in Variable Data Rate Systems�, by Klein S. Gilhousen. In modular CDMA systems, such as cell systems where a base station controls what PN-codes are used, there are functions for generating PN-codes that, for all practical purposes, are completely orthogonal. In multiple cell systems, however adjacent cells using a common frequency band may have PN-code sets that may not have low cross-correlation values. Another source of interference between adjacent cells arises from a common method used to increase the data rate of a DS-CDMA system operating with a fixed PN-code-chipping rate. This method implements variable rate spreading PN-codes where very few chips modulate each symbol in order to increase the effective symbol rate of the system, but at the expense of a decreasing spreading gain. The disadvantage of using the smaller spreading gains is that there will be instances where users in adjacent cells use PN-codes that are highly cross-correlated for a given offset, resulting in potentially significant amounts of interference. In a DS-CDMA system where users are assigned fixed PN-codes, using the wrong PN-code at the wrong offset can result in significant levels of adjacent channel interference for every transmitted symbol. Users in this situation would experience a much lower signal-to-noise ratio than other users in the cell. To combat this worst-case situation, PN cover PN-codes are typically used in the adjacent cells, effectively scrambling the spreading PN-codes and reducing the frequency of perfect and highly correlated levels of interference. A cover PN-code would slightly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio for all users with the aim of preventing any user with a severe degradation in signal-to-noise due to adjacent cell PN-code cross-correlation. While the use of cover PN-codes appears attractive to solving the problem of worst-case adjacent channel interference resulting from high levels of PN-code cross-correlation, there are several disadvantages with using cover PN-codes. First, cover PN-codes are difficult in application, as the cover PN-code must be applied to all CDMA channels, including the control and random access channels. This results in potentially longer and more complex acquisition schemes and circuitry. Another disadvantage that arises when applying a cover PN-code to the matrix of Walsh PN-codes is that the resulting Walsh PN-codes are unbalanced. This means that, over any symbol period the number of +1 valued chips and −1 valued chips are not equal in most of the resulting PN-codes. A balanced PN-code is a desirable property since it implies that the PN-codes are orthogonal to any DC offset in the receiver of the signal. In other words, if the chips are �1 millivolts in the receiver, but there is a 2 millivolt DC offset in the signal at the input of the despreader, then the despreader would have to multiply the �1 despreading PN-code with an input signal having values of +3 and +1 millivolts. However, if the PN-code is balanced over a symbol, then the DC offset will not affect the despreading process. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method and system to overcome the difficulties with cover PN-codes and to mitigate the worst-case adjacent cell interference problem and provide several advantages not available with cover PN-codes. The foregoing and other problems are overcome, and other advantages are realized, in accordance with the presently preferred embodiments of these teachings. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention a PN code hopping method for mitigating cross-correlation interference is provided. The method includes the steps of storing a plurality of orthogonal PN codes in a memory device and pseudo-randomly accessing the memory device to retrieve one of the PN codes. Each of the PN codes is associated with a useful life cycle and is used to spread a modulated data signal before the end of its useful life cycle when another PN code is pseudo-randomly retrieved. In accordance with another embodiment the invention includes a pseudo-noise (PN) code hopping device. The device includes a memory device for storing time limited PN codes and an addressable multiplexer coupled to the memory device. An address generator coupled to the multiplexer selects which time limited codes are to be selected. In another embodiment of the invention, there is a program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions readable by a computer or executable by the machine to perform method steps for mitigating cross-correlation interference, the method including the steps of: storing a plurality of orthogonal PN codes in a user memory device; pseudo-randomly accessing the user memory device to retrieve one of the plurality of PN codes, wherein each of the plurality of PN codes is associated with a useful life cycle before another PN code is pseudo-randomly retrieved, and spreading a modulated data signal with the retrieved one of the plurality of PN codes. The foregoing aspects and other features of the present invention are explained in the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Referring to Referring now to Referring to In alternate embodiments the address generator 92 may be any suitable address generator. Exemplary, but not limiting examples include linear-feedback shift registers or random access memories. In alternate embodiments the useful life cycle of a stored PN-code may be determined by a symbol rate or an integer multiple of a symbol rate. To hop or change PN-codes every symbol, the address generator 92 clocks at the symbol rate of the transmission. The address generator 92 is preferably designed such that collisions (i.e. two users using the same PN-code) are avoided. In practice a user's device is assigned to a particular set of PN codes and given an initial seed and/or phase which is the starting point from which the address generator pseudo-randomly selects (hops) one of the PN codes. The set of assigned PN codes may be done at link establishment or may be predetermined and stored in the user's device. The initial phase is sufficient for both the transmitter and receiver to be able to recover (or despread) the data correctly. In a fixed-rate DS-CDMA system the spreading PN-code set is preferably partitioned into hopped and non-hopped PN-codes and a PN-code-hopping pattern and hop duration is specified. The hop duration can be either the symbol rate (chipping rate /P) or multiple chips or some integer multiple of the symbol rate. Hopping is not presently preferred in the middle of a symbol since orthogonality between users PN-codes could be compromised. In a variable rate DS-CDMA system, users operate with a fixed chipping rate, but can choose spreading PN-codes with differing spreading gains in order to achieve different symbol rates. Typically, a minimum spreading gain is specified, for example, Pmin of 8 or 16, along with a maximum spreading gain Pmax=n Pmin. A variable rate spreading PN-code set is constructed from a base PN-code set having Pmin PN-codes. The variable rate spreading PN-code sets can be constructed using this base PN-code set via recursive techniques, or non-recursive techniques, as in U.S. Pat. No. 6,091,760 the contents of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety to the extent that it does not conflict with the teachings contained herein. In either construction, a single base PN-code with Pmin chips/symbol will form two orthogonal PN-codes with 2 Pmin chips/symbol, four orthogonal PN-codes with 4 Pmin chips/symbol and so. The base PN-code or �parent code� is present in each of PN-codes with higher spreading gain. For the case of PN-code hopping applied to variable rate CDMA, one method for incorporating PN-code-hopping features of the present invention is to hop at a multiple of the symbol rate of the lowest symbol rate (or highest spreading gain). Thus, a user using a PN-code at Pmin would use his PN-code for kn symbols, where Pmax=n Pmin, and a user using a spreading gain of Pmax would use his PN-code for k=1, 2 . . . , symbols. In this manner the orthogonality between PN-codes is preserved, but users with small spreading gain are caused to hop PN-codes at a slower rate than users at the larger spreading gains. Referring to The circuit 20 clocks the memory 26 at a rate of Rc, generating N chips corresponding to the kth column of the C matrix. In the preferred embodiment the N-chip values are parallel clocked out. In alternate embodiments the N-chips could be serially outputted on, for example a universal serial bus (USB) and converted parallel with a suitable serial-to-parallel device. The N-chip values are presented to an N:1 multiplexer 27, where the address of the MUX 27 is the PN-code index for the current symbol, k is a chip index ranging from 0 to SF−1, and 1 is a PN-code index ranging from 0 to N−1. The PN-code index is generated from a look-up-table (LUT) 22 of size n�P where P is the period of the PN-code hopping and n is a bit-width with n≧log2(N). The address of the LUT 22 is generated by an up or down-counter 21 with both the LUT and counter operating at SF*Rc. In an alternate embodiment an operation, such as a modulo operation, may be performed by the modulo operator 24 on the LUT 22 output to ensure that a valid PN-code index is generated with K≦N. The modulo operation can be avoided if the LUT 22 values are sized appropriately, or if K is a power of two, in which case limiting I to n=log2(N) bits performs the modulo operation. Note, that if K<N, then some of the PN-codes (e.g. the PN-codes with 1>K) may be omitted from the hopping. For adjacent cell/sector isolation, adjacent cells/sectors may use LUTs containing different hopping patterns. In an alternate embodiment un-hopped PN-codes may be desirable for random access channels or to remove certain CDMA channels from the hopping operating. When the hop_enable switch 25 is turned off the transmitted spreading PN-codes are un-hopped for that particular CDMA channel. These �unhopped� CDMA channels may be used, for example, for random access or pilot channel purposes. In an alternate embodiment it may also be desirable to reset the hopping in accordance with link layer framing boundaries. Thus, a reset is shown for the up/down counter 21 (RESET). Referring now to In alternate embodiments, a LFSR or other suitable device may be used to randomly populate a LUT. Such an arrangement captures the fast response feature of a LUT while ensuring that a valid PN-code index is generated by the LUT. Another advantage is that the LFSR seed value and/or feedback polynomial can be changed as required to repopulate the LUT. To maintain orthogonality between in-cell users, the in-cell users should preferably use the same hopping pattern (e.g. LUT or LFSR+seed) but be given unique initial PN-code indices (l0). In an alternate embodiment, the pseudo-random nature of selecting an input address of the addressable multiplexer may include the step of constraining the pseudo-random selection to select the input address based upon previously selected PN codes. For example, it may be desirable to maintain code balance to a predetermined tolerance. The address generator may then be constrained to pseudo-randomly select the next PN code from an area of the memory device with PN-codes of known balance. In yet another embodiment the address generator may include a completely random, i.e., not deterministic, selection of PN codes. The random selection pattern is captured by the address generator and transmitted to a receiver ahead of the hopped PN-code modulated data signal. Referring now to It should be noted that heterodyne spreading alone, without the PN-code hopping features of the present invention, has the property that different PN spreading PN-codes are used for different symbols. Yet, disadvantageously, at the lowest spreading factor (SFmin), the spreading PN-codes repeat with period nL symbols. At the next spreading factor (2 SFmin), the spreading PN-codes again repeat with period nL/2 symbols. At the largest spread factor (SFmax), the spreading PN-codes repeat with period n symbols. Because the spreading PN-codes repeat, even with heterodyne spreading, there is a likelihood of adjacent cell/sector interference. However, PN-code hopping features of the present invention may be implemented to increase the apparent randomness of the PN-code sequences. Referring still to Referring still to In a variable-rate DS-CDMA system using heterodyne spreading, it may be preferable to disable hopping of the modulation matrix since the variable-rate spreading factor identifies which rows of the modulation matrix may be used to maintain orthogonality. For example, channels at spread factor SFmin may use only row 0 of the modulation matrix. Channels at spread factor 2 xSFmin may use only rows 0 and 1 of the modulation matrix. A hopping PN-code may hop into a forbidden row and thereby reduce orthogonality. It will be appreciated that the PN-code hopping features of the present invention provide several advantages over the prior art. First, with the PN-code hopping features of the present invention, the PN-codes used for random access and control can be omitted from the hopping sequence. These non-hopped PN-codes can be acquired with reduced acquisition time and complexity. Next, PN-code hopping preserves the balance in a PN-code set. Balanced PN-codes may be important for orthogonal DS-CDMA systems since balanced PN-codes mitigate DC biasing problems in the receiver. It will be further appreciated that the PN-code hopping features of the present invention will allow the use of sets of preferred PN codes containing unbalanced codes. One such preferred set of codes is the Gold codes. Gold codes are particularly useful in a multi-user environment since a large number of these codes can be generated and only require one pair of feedback tap sets in a code generating shift register. Yet, many of the Gold codes are unbalanced and would be unsuitable for many applications but for the code hopping features of the present invention. It will be further appreciated that PN-codes may be generated with out particular regard to their balance characteristics since the code hopping features of the present invention will minimize the effects of unbalanced codes. Standard error correction circuitry may then be employed to rid the signal of the deleterious effects caused by the unbalanced code. Thus, the code hopping feature of the present invention allows the dynamic generation of PN codes without having to first test the codes for acceptable balance. Finally, orthogonal PN-code sets constructed using randomized Walsh-Hadamard matrices typically have P−1 balanced PN-codes and the all one's PN-code, which is unbalanced. In a system without a cover PN-code the all one's PN-code is unused due to DC bias problems and large correlation with adjacent cell PN-codes. The unusable all one's PN-code reduces the available PN-codes and therefore the capacity of the cell is reduced. With PN-code hopping, users only use the all ones PN-code for a symbol time or small time block. Thus, potential signal degradations due to adjacent cell interference and DC biasing problems is equivalent to the symbol time or time block the user is using the all ones PN-code and easily corrected using normal error control techniques; in this manner the capacity of the system is improved by 1/P percent. It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. For example, PN-code hopping features of the present invention may be adapted to mitigate in-band or sector interference. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Patent Citations
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When You Share Your Own Nudes, That's Sorta Like Being Hacked, Isn't It?
by Mike Stanz
posted Sep 5 2014 3:00AM
The celebrity nude hacking is still one of the hot topics of the day.
Now, we have Kim Kardashian weighing in, saying that people "in general just have to be cautious," according to
The Independent
in England.
There you go. Now you know what to do. She reportedly told the BBC "I don't even know where this cloud is or where all this information is that can be hacked into."
Yes, she was on the hacked list, by the way, along with a whole bunch of celebrities, but she didn't get a lot of play.
Not to worry - Kim has taken care of that herself by sharing a nude shot from a GQ photo spread - saved from pixelation by a well-placed pair of stilettos.
Life lesson learned: If at first you don't make it to the top of the hacked nude list, find a way to hack onto the list yourself.
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Stead delighted by Coventry switch
Stead has linked up with Chris Coleman's men after being frozen out at Portman Road and a deal is already in place for him to make the move permanent in the summer. The well-travelled Yorkshireman is happy to be on the move again, though. He told his new club's official website: "It feels very good to have signed for Coventry City because it's a new challenge for me, I'm looking forward to getting some games, doing well and helping in any way I can for the final push of the season. "It's a huge confidence boost for me that a club looking to go places looks to me to help them on their way. Everything at the club has the make up to go places and I'm glad that I am seen as part of that even if it is for the short term."
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We were given accommodation here as part of a business trip to Narni. The room was above a stylish, busy bar in a central street. However, thanks to effective double glazing, shutters and curtains, noise was not a problem. The room was clean and large, with the bed and shower room situated on a mezzanine floor within it. A sink,... More
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Number of rooms: 10


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- 4Promote
Art Print
Collect your choice of gallery quality Giclée, or fine art prints custom trimmed by hand in a variety of sizes with a white border for framing.
These brownstone apartment buildings are inspired by the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn. This brightly colored vector drawing features a vivid blue sky with soft puffy clouds; each building has a subtle light blue gradient on the windows; and the lush summer trees of Prospect Park sit in the background... every detail is illustrated with love.


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4 GITS at its finestghosthack | 15/01/2010 | See all ghosthack's reviews (1)Ok, so here we have a "cut" of GITS:SAC 2nd GIG. Its basically all the Individual Eleven story from 2nd GIG. This is something i thought about doing myself and im glad Production IG got around to doing it.This Dvd is well worth the money, and it looks great sat on the shelf with the rest of my GITS collect. I have only one gripe about this feature and thats Production IG (US) didnt use the original US cast, instead they have got some cheap knock off's who sound a little like them. Ok i can undersatnd that because of the cut of the feature a rebub was neccessary, but they could have used the original cast. I suppose i could always watch it in Japanese (who have used the same cast!!!!!)So arpart from that this is an awesome addition to the GITS Saga.Buy it!! and at 3.99, it was 19.99 when it frist came out!!
4 Very goodHikari | 28/07/2008 | See all Hikari's reviews (20)If you're looking at this I'll assume you've either purchased, watched or heard about the previous release "The Laughing Man" if you haven't, get out of here and check that out ;D it might help you make sense of this.In short this the Second series mushed into a roughly 3 hour film with clips from the show. That leads me to the biggest disadvantage - No new footage, it really dissapointed me.However, it is fantastically presented, if you've never seen the second series then this is a great way to experience the main storyline, if you have, this is a great way to refresh your memory, to have the ability to watch it all in one night is awesome =]So credit to them, they did a great job and deliver the experience very well, but it just doesn't do enough to warrant a purchase...the second series is fairly cheap on play.com, and its far better to watch all of that than a compressed version, ne?Still recommended though ^_^ I've seen pretty much everything and still found this entertaining


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Prep Time: 5 mins
Cook Time: 12 mins
This quick and easy burger is made with ground turkey. The turkey gravy mix adds great flavor! Photo credit: Sandy Coughlin from Reluctant Entertainer.
(amount per serving)
Calories: 290
Total Fat: 12g
Cholesterol: 69mg
Sodium: 706mg
Carbohydrate: 26g
Fiber: 1g
Protein: 19g
• Use lean ground turkey to save 69 calories and 5g fat. All American Turkey Cheeseburgers: Top burgers with American cheese slices 1 minute before cooking is completed. Serving Suggestion: Serve burgers with lettuce, tomato, onion and desired condiments.
Recipe by McCormick
This recipe features Turkey Gravy Mix. Here are a few more delicious ways to use it.
Product by McCormick


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Add To Favorites
How can friends help each other? Explore opportunities to share while learning about human differences and similarities.
Imagine if all birthdays were on the same day. What if everyone was a good ball hitter and no one could catch. The more you get to know people, the more you learn about what makes them unique, yourself included. Here's one way for students to share different talents with each other.
Find an interesting texture to do a rubbing, such as bricks, wicker seats, or bumpy bathmats. Place paper on the surface and rub with Crayola Twistables®. The texture will pop on the paper. Attach the textured paper to a recycled file folder with a Crayola Glue Stick.
Students lay hands on the textured paper and trace. Cut hands out with Crayola Scissors. Inside the hand shape, students outline their names in block letters using a dark color. On the fingers, students write some of their best talents, such as strong muscles (to lift heavy items) or a cheerful smile (to greet guests).
Students share writing with classmates. Who could use computer help? Who is good at tying bows? Interlace the fingers of two hands. Glue them together. Punch holes in each pair to connect them with other pairs using brass paper fasteners. Hang completed chain around the room.
Let's learn!
Display the 7 principles of Kwanzaa in a one-of-a-kind accordion window book.
Add To Favorites Processsing...Processsing...
Feed teens' appetite for popular music with this lesson inspired by songs that reflect the times in which they were writ
Open the golden door of Ellis Island and explore the history of immigration in the United States.
Use ordinary wooden clothespins to create original versions of Guatemalan worry dolls. These minipeople hold important p
People around the world give thanks for their food. Celebrate a harvest of pineapples, pumpkins, or pomegranates-and sho
This powerful diorama pays tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Celebrate his historic civil rights speech on the step
Learn about Japan---its geography, culture, sports, and industries? Decorate a fan with symbols of the country, past or
Use recycled paper bags to simulate leather or bark to create a Native American parfleche for use as an art portfolio.


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Yes, given a spotter and enough shots.
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by Kristin Serafini
June 2010
acrylic on gallery canvas
36″ x 60″
by Kristin Serafini
June 2010
acrylic on gallery canvas
36″ x 60″
Kristin, these are amazing. I love the swoop of the red hair, the tan line and the white belly! I'm fascinated with the setting you chose. I'm probably taking it too literally, but the juxtaposition of a modern pair of jeans under the mid-evil style castle gate with the hoisting chains… and then to be out there without a shirt! Not that I'm complaining, I'm a fan of not wearing shirts, but not many women end up in that situation. As I write this I'm thinking of some deeper themes, but won't elaborate them here. Well done! I love the box you did for me… in fact I think I'll have a cup of tea now! Ciao!
Foreigner – Complicated Octopus
fat loss factor
Foreigner – Complicated Octopus
Effect of oil pulling therapy showed a drastic difference, usually presented as 'teeth whiteners.
The other place mobile teeth whitening effects.
Kauai cosmetic dentist in Townsville Australia, Canada has received product to product
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Now at 2 week OIL PULLING! Obtaining all the dirt oil pulling cheap products.
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Looking at my symptoms, many of which are far less these days and some are gone, it would be easy to figure that I'd just been dealing with some heavy-duty menopausal issues.
Discuss the article on the Forums.
Why does 5AZA matter?
Discussion in 'XMRV Research and Replication Studies' started by Lee, Oct 6, 2011.
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Photoionization of atoms described by Fermi Molecular Dynamics: toward a firmer theoretical basis
Optics Express, Vol. 8, Issue 7, pp. 401-410 (2001)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (470 KB)
The application of Fermi Molecular Dynamics (FMD) to the modeling of the photoionization of atoms by a short pulse of long wavelength laser radiation is examined in detail. Depression of the single ionization threshold to values of the electric field strength below the classical over-the-barrier threshold, a common occurrence in FMD, is shown to arise from the preexcitation of bound electrons into a continuum of unphysical low-lying excited states. A connection is made to analogous calculations performed with the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi equation, in which the time-dependent quantum potential (Q) plays a role similar to that played in FMD by the so-called Heisenberg potential (VH ). Replacement of VH by Q in the FMD equations of motion results in a large reduction in the number of excitations to unphysical bound states, while producing no essential change in the photoionization probability.
© Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(000.3860) General : Mathematical methods in physics
(020.4180) Atomic and molecular physics : Multiphoton processes
(260.3230) Physical optics : Ionization
(270.6620) Quantum optics : Strong-field processes
ToC Category:
Focus Issue: Laser-induced multiple ionization
Original Manuscript: February 6, 2001
Published: March 26, 2001
Kenneth LaGattuta, "Photoionization of atoms described by Fermi Molecular Dynamics: toward a firmer theoretical basis," Opt. Express 8, 401-410 (2001)
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- A. Becker and F. H. M. Faisal, "Mechanism of laser-induced double ionization of helium," J. Phys. B 29, L197-L202 (1996).
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- Th. Weber, M. Weckenbrock, A. Staudte, L. Spielberger, O. Jagutzki, V. Mergel, F. Afaneh, G. Urbasch, M. Vollmer, H. Giessen, and R. Dorner, "Recoil-ion momentum distributions for single and double ionization of helium in strong laser fields," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 443-446 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Moshammer, B. Feuerstein, W. Schmitt, A. Dorn, C. Schroter, J. Ullrich, H. Rottke, C. Trump, M. Wittmann, G. Korn, K. Hoffmann, and W. Sander, "Momentum distributions of Ne(n+) ions created by an intense ultrashort laser pulse," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 447-450 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Becker and F. H. M. Faisal, "Interpretation of momentum distribution of recoil ions from laser induced nonsequential double ionization," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3546-3549 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. LaGattuta, "Laser effects in photoionization: numerical solution of coupled equations for a three-dimensional Coulomb potential," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7, 639-646 (1990).
- D. Bohm, "A suggested interpretation of the quantum theory in terms of `hidden' variables. I," Phys. Rev. 85, 166-179 (1952). [CrossRef]
- C. Lopreore and R. Wyatt, "Quantum wave packet dynamics with trajectories," Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 5190-5193 (1999). [CrossRef]
- D. Wasson and S. Koonin, "Molecular-dynamics simulations of atomic ionization by strong laser fields," Phys. Rev. A 39, 5676-5685 (1989).
- K. LaGattuta, "Laser effects in photoionization II. Numerical solution of coupled equations for atomic hydrogen," Phys. Rev. A 41, 5110-5116 (1990).
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