text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
A multi-objective optimization approach with consideration of fuzzy variables applied to structural tire design
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In this contribution, a structural design concept, suitable for the application to passenger car tire development process is proposed. The focus is set on one hand on providing an appropriate multi-objective optimization approach, enabling the consideration ... Keywords: Finite element simulation, Metamodels, Multi-objective optimization, Robustness, Tire design, Uncertainty
Aleksandra Serafinska; Michael Kaliske; Christoph Zopf; Wolfgang Graf
AeroSys, Inc.
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
AeroSys, Inc. AeroSys, Inc. (Central Air Conditioners) BEFORE THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Washington, D.C. 20585 ) ) ) ) ) ) Case Numbers: 2010-CE-01/0201 201 0-SE-0302 NOTICE OF NONCOMPLIANCE DETERMINATION TEST DATA Pursuant to the July 1, 2010 Compromise Agreement and Adopting Order ("Agreement") between DOE and AeroSys, Inc. (AeroSys), two units of each of four models of split system, through-the-wall central air conditioning systems using R-22 refrigerant and manufactured by AeroSys were tested by Intertek in Cortland, New York, to determine compliance with applicable energy efficiency requirements. Under Section IV of the Agreement, if the results of the Intertek testing show a tested model does not meet energy efficiency requirements under
Scrap tire recycling
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
As the automobile tire technology has grown and met the need for safer and more durable tires, stronger reinforcement and more chemically resistant rubber compounds have made recycling tires more difficult. In an effort to resolve this problem, techniques and equipment were developed to grind tires into small pieces, and new markets were sought to utilize the crumb rubber product streams from ground tires. Industrial combustion processes were modified to accept scrap tires as fuel. These efforts have been beneficial, steadily increasing the percentage of scrap tires recycled to about 10% in 1985, and reaching 72% in 1995. By the end of 1997, fully 100% of tires generated in the U.S. are expected to be recycled.
Lula, J.W.; Bohnert, G.W.
Improving scrap tire processing
The market for tire-derived materials is growing rapidly, with the largest market being tire-derived fuels. There is therefore a growing demand for higher quality products. This paper describes the processing and removal of steel from scrap tires.
Astafan, C.G. [Columbus McKinnon Corp., Sarasota, FL (United States)
Aero Turbine | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Aero Turbine Aero Turbine Jump to: navigation, search Name Aero Turbine Facility Aero Turbine Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner AeroTurbine Energy Company Location Riverside County CA Coordinates 33.7437°, -115.9925° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":33.7437,"lon":-115.9925,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Developing an Intelligent Tire Concept
... Harvesting System for Next Generation Intelligent Tires with a Real Time Adaptive Control System for Optimized Power Output,� Tire Society Journal ...
AeroWind Inc | Open Energy Information
Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name AeroWind Inc. Place Potsdam, New York Sector Wind energy Product Wind turbines manufacturer. References AeroWind Inc.1 LinkedIn...
AeroCity LLC | Open Energy Information
AeroCity LLC AeroCity LLC Jump to: navigation, search Name AeroCity LLC Place Lake Katrine, New York Sector Wind energy Product Micro urban wind turbine maker based in New York State. References AeroCity LLC[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. AeroCity LLC is a company located in Lake Katrine, New York . References ↑ "AeroCity LLC" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=AeroCity_LLC&oldid=341825" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load) Throttled (bot load)
Waste tire recycling by pyrolysis
This project examines the City of New Orleans' waste tire problem. Louisiana State law, as of January 1, 1991, prohibits the knowing disposal of whole waste tires in landfills. Presently, the numerous waste tire stockpiles in New Orleans range in size from tens to hundreds of tires. New Orleans' waste tire problem will continue to increase until legal disposal facilities are made accessible and a waste tire tracking and regulatory system with enforcement provisions is in place. Tires purchased outside of the city of New Orleans may be discarded within the city's limits; therefore, as a practical matter this study analyzes the impact stemming from the entire New Orleans metropolitan area. Pyrolysis mass recovery (PMR), a tire reclamation process which produces gas, oil, carbon black and steel, is the primary focus of this report. The technical, legal and environmental aspects of various alternative technologies are examined. The feasibility of locating a hypothetical PMR operation within the city of New Orleans is analyzed based on the current economic, regulatory, and environmental climate in Louisiana. A thorough analysis of active, abandoned, and proposed Pyrolysis operations (both national and international) was conducted as part of this project. Siting a PMR plant in New Orleans at the present time is technically feasible and could solve the city's waste tire problem. Pending state legislation could improve the city's ability to guarantee a long term supply of waste tires to any large scale tire reclamation or recycling operation, but the local market for PMR end products is undefined.
Not Available
NEWTON: Preventing Tire Dry Rot
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Preventing Tire Dry Rot Preventing Tire Dry Rot Name: Millard Status: student Grade: 9-12 Location: MD Country: USA Date: Spring 2013 Question: My dad has a classic car, and because it gets driven very little each year, the tires dry rot before he can get much tread wear on them. What could be used to protect the tires from dry rot and cracking? Replies: Hi Millard, Thanks for the question. I would recommend keeping the car on blocks so that there is no weight on the tires. Additionally, I would recommend that no electrical equipment (motors, switches, and other things that spark) be used around the car. The sparks generate ozone and ozone can cause rubber items such as tires, belts, and hoses to crack. I hope this helps. Please let me know if you have more questions. Thanks Jeff Grell
Tire deflation device
A tire deflation device includes (1) a component having a plurality of bores, (2) a plurality of spikes removably insertable into the plurality of bores and (3) a keeper within each among the plurality of bores, the keeper being configured to contact a sidewall surface of a spike among the plurality of spikes and to exert force upon the sidewall surface. In an embodiment, the tire deflation device includes (a) a component including a bore in a material, the bore including a receiving region, a sidewall surface and a base surface, (b) a channel extending from the sidewall surface into the material, (c) a keeper having a first section housed within the channel and a second section which extends past the sidewall surface into the receiving region, and (d) a spike removably insertable into the bore.
Barker, Stacey G. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Scrap tire recycling in Minnesota
The author discusses the problems associated with scrap tires. For example, surface storing of scrap tires poses a fire hazard and the rainwater trapped in the tire casings is an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes. Use as a fuel for energy production is unattractive as long as oil retails at its present low price. Past reclamation processes have not met expectations. Legislation alone is not the answer, because scrap tires cannot be regulated out of existence. However, the Minnesota state legislature has come up with an approach that seems to be successful. It has passed the Waste Tire Act, which not only formulates regulations but also provides funding for research and development. Thus, it has established a tire disposal fund for financing construction costs of tire recycling facilities. One of the outcomes was the construction of the St. Louis county Waste Tire Recycling Facility. Through a leasing arrangement with Minneapolis-based Rubber Elastomerics, Inc. (RRE), construction costs financed by the tire disposal fund eventually will be repaid by RRE to the fund. The arrangement is described in detail. By a process also described, RRE produces a product that can be used in thermoset and in thermoplastic compounds. The user can incorporate between 50 percent and 85 percent of the recycled product into a rubber or plastic compound without significantly affecting the physical properties of the compound.
This project examines the City of New Orleans` waste tire problem. Louisiana State law, as of January 1, 1991, prohibits the knowing disposal of whole waste tires in landfills. Presently, the numerous waste tire stockpiles in New Orleans range in size from tens to hundreds of tires. New Orleans` waste tire problem will continue to increase until legal disposal facilities are made accessible and a waste tire tracking and regulatory system with enforcement provisions is in place. Tires purchased outside of the city of New Orleans may be discarded within the city`s limits; therefore, as a practical matter this study analyzes the impact stemming from the entire New Orleans metropolitan area. Pyrolysis mass recovery (PMR), a tire reclamation process which produces gas, oil, carbon black and steel, is the primary focus of this report. The technical, legal and environmental aspects of various alternative technologies are examined. The feasibility of locating a hypothetical PMR operation within the city of New Orleans is analyzed based on the current economic, regulatory, and environmental climate in Louisiana. A thorough analysis of active, abandoned, and proposed Pyrolysis operations (both national and international) was conducted as part of this project. Siting a PMR plant in New Orleans at the present time is technically feasible and could solve the city`s waste tire problem. Pending state legislation could improve the city`s ability to guarantee a long term supply of waste tires to any large scale tire reclamation or recycling operation, but the local market for PMR end products is undefined.
Day 1 Measuring the Circumference of a Bicycle Tire � Tanya ...
... Measuring the Circumference of a Bicycle Tire � Tanya Taylor Shari Yesnick measures the diameter of a bicycle tire � ... related to the tire tracks. ...
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Tire Inflation Requirement
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
Tire Inflation Tire Inflation Requirement to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Tire Inflation Requirement on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Tire Inflation Requirement on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Tire Inflation Requirement on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Tire Inflation Requirement on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Tire Inflation Requirement on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Tire Inflation Requirement on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Tire Inflation Requirement The California Air Resources Board (ARB) enforces regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles operating inefficiently with under
Coal-tire co-liquefaction
Co-liquefaction of ground coal and tire rubber was studied at 400{degrees}C both with and without catalyst. Two different tire samples were used. In the non-catalytic runs, the conversion of coal increased with the addition of tire and the increase was dependent on tire/coal ratio and hydrogen pressure. Using a ferric sulfide-based catalyst, the coal conversion increased with an increase in the catalyst loading. However, the increase was more pronounced at loadings of around 0.5 wt%. The addition of tire to coal in the catalytic runs was not particularly beneficial, especially, when the tire/coal ratio was above 1.
Sharma, R.K.; Dadyburjor, D.B.; Zondlo, J.W.; Liu, Zhenyu; Stiller, A.H. [West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV (United States)
Aero-Tech: Order (2010-CE-1012) | Department of Energy
October 8, 2010 DOE issued an Order and closed this case against Aero-Tech Light Bulb Co., without civil penalty, after DOE found that Aero-Tech manufactured andor...
AeroSys: Order (2011-SCE-1624) | Department of Energy
Order (2011-SCE-1624) Order (2011-SCE-1624) AeroSys: Order (2011-SCE-1624) December 20, 2013 DOE ordered AeroSys, Inc. (AeroSys) to pay a $100,000 civil penalty after finding AeroSys had (1) failed to certify that certain models of space-constrained central air conditioners and air conditioning heat pumps comply with the applicable energy conservation standards; and (2) manufactured and distributed in commerce in the U.S. units of noncompliant models of space-constrained central air conditioners and air conditioning heat pumps. The Order adopted a Compromise Agreement, which reflects settlement terms between DOE and AeroSys. AeroSys: Order (2011-SCE-1624) More Documents & Publications AeroSys: Proposed Penalty (2011-SCE-1624) AeroSys: Order (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302)
Agony and ecstasy of tire recycling
SciTech Connect
This article discusses the problem of used tires and the recycling of them. Shredded tires have a multitude of uses-new rubber, road construction, mulch, fuel, in composting and home insulation.
Logsdon, G.
New ways to spot dangerous tires
may have been in a warehouse for a while. Vibration while driving is a sure sign of an aging tire. For a graphic of what to look for and more information on tire safety, visit...
AeroVironment | Open Energy Information
AeroVironment AeroVironment Jump to: navigation, search Name AeroVironment Address 181 W. Huntington Drive Place Monrovia, CA Zip 91016 Website http://www.aerovironment.com Coordinates 34.140864°, -118.001962° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":34.140864,"lon":-118.001962,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Elastic anisotropy of tire shreds
This paper deals with anisotropic elastic properties of large-size tire shreds used as lightweight fills in road and embankment construction. The anisotropy is a result of compaction and overburden pressure, which induce a layered structure of the shreds. Laboratory experiments conducted in a novel biaxial apparatus revealed a difference in Young`s moduli perpendicular and parallel to the layered structure; also, Poisson`s ratios differ although their values could not be determined accurately. The out-of-plane shear modulus not readily determined from the tests was assessed by means of a layered material model. The results were used for determining the settlement of two road structures containing a layer of tire shreds modeled as either an isotropic or an anisotropic elastic material. Numerical calculations using the code CIRCLY indicated that the effect of tire shreds` anisotropy on road structure settlements is moderate, and the traditional isotropic elastic analysis overestimates the actual settlements.
Heimdahl, T.C.; Drescher, A. [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Civil Engineering
AeroElektra | Open Energy Information
AeroElektra AeroElektra Jump to: navigation, search Name AeroElektra Address 9149 N. 109th Place Place Scottsdale, Arizona Zip 85259 Sector Vehicles Product AeroElektra is an electric powered 2 seat GA aircraft Year founded 2002 Number of employees 1-10 Phone number 480-205-0881 Website http://www.iteknowledgies.com Coordinates 33.569862°, -111.843028° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":33.569862,"lon":-111.843028,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
AeroSys: Test Notice (2009) | Department of Energy
Test Notice (2009) Test Notice (2009) AeroSys: Test Notice (2009) September 24, 2009 After examining AeroSys data, DOE concluded that the AeroSys data were insufficient to confirm whether Aerosys products comply with the applicable energy performance standards. DOE issued this test notice to AeroSys, Inc., requiring the company to provide sample units for laboratory testing to determine the compliance of various models of central air conditioners and air conditioning heat pumps with the applicable energy conservation standards. A cover letter describes the agency's actions to determine compliance prior to issuing the test notice. AeroSys: Test Notice More Documents & Publications AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-SE-0302) AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-SE-0302)
High Value Scrap Tire Recycle
The objectives of this project were to further develop and scale-up a novel technology for reuse of scrap tire rubber, to identify and develop end uses for the technology (products), and to characterize the technology's energy savings and environmental impact.
Bauman, B. D.
Design of highway embankments using tire chips
This paper describes research undertaken to develop design procedures for using shredded scrap tires as a lightweight fill material in highway construction. The benefits of using scrap tires are particularly enhanced if they can be used to replace virgin construction materials made from nonrenewable resources. This paper addresses the use of tire chips as a highway embankment material. Design parameters for embankments constructed using discarded shredded tires are presented based on laboratory model studies, numerical analyses, and field performance of test fills. The conclusions of this report support the use of tire chips as an environmentally acceptable lightweight fill in highway applications if properly confined. Recommendations for design procedures and construction specifications for the use of tire chips in highway fills are provided.
Bosscher, P.J.; Edil, T.B. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Kuraoka, S. [National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (Canada). Inst. for Research in Construction
AeroFabrika | Open Energy Information
form form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » AeroFabrika Jump to: navigation, search Name AeroFabrika Address 9149 N. 109th place Place Scottsdale, Arizona Zip 85259 Sector Vehicles Product AeroFabrika Year founded 2002 Number of employees 1-10 Website http://www.iteknowledgies.com Coordinates 33.569862°, -111.843028° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":33.569862,"lon":-111.843028,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Taking the tire the final mile
In 1990 the Scott County Health Department formed a local Waste Tire Task Force to address the growing problem of illegally dumped tires in Scott County, Iowa. Strategies developed by the task force included providing convenient, low cost disposal; increasing public awareness; and promoting participation in recycling efforts. The task force has held several free waste tire collections, including Waste Tire Amnesty Days and an Earth Week event. At the recommendation of the task force, regular tire disposal fees at the Scott County Landfill, operated by the Scott Area Solid Waste Management Commission, were also reduced. Through the task force efforts, 107,000 waste tires, including several stockpiles, have been recovered in Scott County. Many were recycled, some at a local cement plant, which used them as fuel for a test burn. Complaints to the health department regarding accumulations of waste tires have decreased. The commitment to managing waste tires in Scott County is ongoing; the most recent free, tire disposal day was held in May 1994.
Moore, G.A. [Scott County Health Dept., Davenport, IA (United States); Wuestenberg, T.; Hall, J.
Department of Energy Subpoenas Compliance Data from AeroSys,...
Sites Power Marketing Administration Other Agencies You are here Home Department of Energy Subpoenas Compliance Data from AeroSys, Inc. Department of Energy Subpoenas...
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) Test Report: AeroVironment
pROGRAM Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) Test Report: AeroVironment EVSE Features LED status light EVSE Specifications Grid connection Hardwired Connector type J1772 Test...
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Low Rolling Resistance Tires
Low Rolling Resistance Low Rolling Resistance Tires to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Low Rolling Resistance Tires on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Low Rolling Resistance Tires on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Low Rolling Resistance Tires on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Low Rolling Resistance Tires on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Low Rolling Resistance Tires on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Low Rolling Resistance Tires on AddThis.com... More in this section... Idle Reduction Parts & Equipment Low Rolling Resistance Tires Maintenance Driving Behavior Fleet Rightsizing System Efficiency Low Rolling Resistance Tires Close-up photograph of the tires of a light-duty vehicle driving down a road.
Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #341: October 11, 2004 Tire Recycling
1: October 11, 1: October 11, 2004 Tire Recycling to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #341: October 11, 2004 Tire Recycling on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #341: October 11, 2004 Tire Recycling on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #341: October 11, 2004 Tire Recycling on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #341: October 11, 2004 Tire Recycling on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #341: October 11, 2004 Tire Recycling on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #341: October 11, 2004 Tire Recycling on AddThis.com... Fact #341: October 11, 2004 Tire Recycling In 2001, the United States generated 281 million scrap tires. Nearly 78% of those scrap tires were reused, recycled, or recovered; that is a dramatic
Assessment of Tire Technologies and Practices for Potential Waste and Energy Use Reductions
E-Print Network (OSTI)
modifications in tire maintenance and management Analyze theinvestigates tire maintenance management practices and tire-purchasing, maintenance, management, and disposal) than to
Lutsey, Nicholas P.; Regnier, Justin; Burke, Andy; Melaina, Marc W; Bremson, Joel; Keteltas, Michael
Reflections and Thoughts on Tired Light
The position of the various tired light theories is reviewed briefly and it is noted that one of the biggest objections to them concerns the mechanism by which light might lose energy as it travels through space. Here some new work relating to the constancy of the speed of light is highlighted as providing a possible solution to this conundrum, thus making more feasible explanation of phenomena via theories involving the notion of tired light.
M. Moore; J. Dunning-Davies
Alternative Fuels Data Center: Fuel-Efficient Tire Program Development
Fuel-Efficient Tire Fuel-Efficient Tire Program Development to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Fuel-Efficient Tire Program Development on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Fuel-Efficient Tire Program Development on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Fuel-Efficient Tire Program Development on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Fuel-Efficient Tire Program Development on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: Fuel-Efficient Tire Program Development on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Fuel-Efficient Tire Program Development on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search All Laws & Incentives Sorted by Type Fuel-Efficient Tire Program Development The California Energy Commission (CEC) must adopt and implement a
AeroSys: Order (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302) | Department of Energy
AeroSys: Order (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302) AeroSys: Order (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302) AeroSys: Order (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302) July 1, 2010 DOE ordered AeroSys, Inc. to pay a $25,000 civil penalty after finding AeroSys had manufactured and distributed in commerce in the U.S. various models of air conditioners and air conditioning heat pumps that did not comport with the applicable energy conservation standards. In addition, AeroSys had distributed air conditioners and air conditioning heat pumps without submitting the required certification reports. The Order adopted a Compromise Agreement, which reflected settlement terms between DOE and AeroSys. AeroSys: Order (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302) More Documents & Publications AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302)
Passive tire pressure sensor and method
A surface acoustic wave device includes a micro-machined pressure transducer for monitoring tire pressure. The device is configured having a micro-machined cavity that is sealed with a flexible conductive membrane. When an external tire pressure equivalent to the cavity pressure is detected, the membrane makes contact with ridges on the backside of the surface acoustic wave device. The ridges are electrically connected to conductive fingers of the device. When the detected pressure is correct, selected fingers on the device will be grounded producing patterned acoustic reflections to an impulse RF signal. When the external tire pressure is less than the cavity reference pressure, a reduced reflected signal to the receiver results. The sensor may further be constructed so as to identify itself by a unique reflected identification pulse series.
Pfeifer, Kent Bryant (Los Lunas, NM); Williams, Robert Leslie (Albuquerque, NM); Waldschmidt, Robert Lee (Calgary, CA); Morgan, Catherine Hook (Ann Arbor, MI)
Tire Development for Effective Transportation and Utilization of Used Tires, CRADA 01-N044, Final Report
Scrap tires represent a significant disposal and recycling challenge for the United States. Over 280 million tires are generated on an annual basis, and several states have large stockpiles or abandoned tire piles that are slated for remediation. While most states have programs to address the accumulation and generation of scrap tires, most of these states struggle with creating and sustaining recycling or beneficial end use markets. One of the major issues with market development has been the costs associated with transporting and processing the tires into material for recycling or disposal. According to a report by the Rubber Manufactures Association tire-derived fuel (TDF) represents the largest market for scrap tires, and approximately 115 million tires were consumed in 2001 as TDF (U.S. Scrap Tire Markets, 2001, December 2002, www.rma.org/scraptires). This market is supported primarily by cement kilns, followed by various industries including companies that operate utility and industrial boilers. However the use of TDF has not increased and the amount of TDF used by boiler operators has declined. The work completed through this cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) has shown the potential of a mobile tire shredding unit to economically produce TDF and to provide an alterative low cost fuel to suitable coal-fired power systems. This novel system addresses the economic barriers by processing the tires at the retailer, thereby eliminating the costs associated with hauling whole tires. The equipment incorporated into the design allow for small 1-inch chunks of TDF to be produced in a timely fashion. The TDF can then be co-fired with coal in suitable combustion systems, such as a fluidized bed. Proper use of TDF has been shown to boost efficiency and reduce emissions from power generation systems, which is beneficial to coal utilization in existing power plants. Since the original scope of work outlined in the CRADA could not be completed because of lack of progress by the CRADA members, the agreement was not extended beyond February 2004. The work completed included the detailed design of the mobile unit, a general economic analysis of the operating the system, and outreach activities.
Susan M. Maley
DOE Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Conditioner...
Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Models DOE Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Models...
AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302) |
AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-CE-01/0201 and AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302) AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302) September 27, 2011 DOE issued a Notice of Noncompliance Determination to AeroSys, Inc. finding that basic models THDC-18S, THDC-18T, THDC-24S, and THDC-24T do not comport with the energy conservation standards. DOE determined the products were noncompliant based on DOE testing. AeroSys must immediately notify each person (or company) to whom AeroSys distributed the noncompliant products that the products do not meet Federal standards. In addition, AeroSys must provide to DOE documents and records showing the number of units AeroSys distributed and to whom. The manufacturer and/or private labeler of the product may be subject to civil penalties.
Scrap tires: Black gold or fool`s gold?
Three years ago, a US EPA report estimated there were between 2 and 3 billion tires stockpiled in the US. Currently, according to the Scrap Tire Management Council (STMC, Washington, DC), the number of stockpiled tires totals 850 million. However, this reduction is not due to federal or state legislation; simply, the number was overestimated. Whatever the actual number, scrap tire mounds have been large enough to prompt 34 states to developed scrap tire funding programs aimed at eliminating the stockpiling of the some 250 million tires generated per year, while gradually eliminating the tires already stockpiled. However, of the 34 states, only Illinois, Oregon, Florida, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, are aggressively tackling the problem. In each of these five cases, state officials claim, the only viable way to reduce large quantities of tires quickly is through energy reuse, and, like any other disposal method, it costs money. To compensate for the costs of elimination, states are developing funding for scrap tire reduction programs by placing fees on tire disposal, tire purchase, or vehicle title transfer and registration.
Glaz, S.
Alternative Fuels Data Center: State Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance Tire
Vehicle Low Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance Tire Requirement to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: State Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance Tire Requirement on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: State Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance Tire Requirement on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: State Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance Tire Requirement on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: State Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance Tire Requirement on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: State Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance Tire Requirement on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: State Vehicle Low Rolling Resistance Tire Requirement on AddThis.com... More in this section... Federal State Advanced Search
Aero-engine derivative gas turbines for power generation: Thermodynamic and economic perspectives
Aero-engine technology has played a major part in the development of both the industrial gas turbine and, more recently, the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant. A distinction may be drawn between the direct use of developed aero-engine hardware in power generation (and in marine applications), and the more indirect influence of aero-engine technology, particularly in design of heavy-duty gas turbines. Both the direct use of aero-engine hardware, in gas turbines for power generation, and the indirect influence of aero-engine technology, in the design of more conventional heavy-duty plants (including combined cycle gas turbines, CCGTs), are reviewed.
Horlock, J.H. [Whittle Lab., Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Zond-PanAero Windsystems Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Zond-PanAero Windsystems Wind Farm Zond-PanAero Windsystems Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Zond-PanAero Windsystems Wind Farm Facility Zond-PanAero Windsystems Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Developer Zond Systems Energy Purchaser Southern California Edison Co Location San Gorgonio CA Coordinates 33.9095°, -116.734° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":33.9095,"lon":-116.734,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-SE-0302) | Department of Energy
Noncompliance Determination (2010-SE-0302) Noncompliance Determination (2010-SE-0302) AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-SE-0302) April 13, 2010 DOE issued a Notice of Noncompliance Determination to AeroSys, Inc. finding that basic model THDC-24SG does not comport with the energy conservation standards. DOE determined the product was noncompliant based on DOE testing. AeroSys must immediately notify each person (or company) to whom AeroSys distributed the noncompliant product that the product does not meet Federal standards. In addition, AeroSys must provide to DOE documents and records showing the number of units AeroSys distributed and to whom. The manufacturer and/or private labeler of the product may be subject to civil penalties. AeroSys: Noncompliance Determination (2010-SE-0302)
Presentation to the NRC Tire Committee in Davis, California.Rubber Reviews 75(3). NRC, 2006. Tires and Passenger Vehicle14 FIGURE 6. Tire Data on RRC and Tread Wear (NRC,
Avoiding Flicker Caused by a Tire Shredder
Knowing that nonlinear loads or loads with significant variations can cause sudden voltage fluctuations, or flicker, a utility decided to take preemptive action before adding a large tire shredder to its system. A flicker screening study was conducted, using a software that has been developed by EPRI that allowed the modeling of the load cycle. From the modeling results, several recommendations were made to keep flicker at an acceptable level.
Using tire chips as a leachate drainage layer
Old tires represent a potentially cost-effective construction material that can be used in the installation of leachate drainage and collection systems. In fact, recent studies show that using shredded tires in conjunction with granular soil materials can even enhance the long-term performance of these systems. A typical design using shredded tire chips involves the placement of a minimum 1-foot-thick layer of chips on a granular soil layer overlaying the composite liner system. However, implementation of this design is not as simple as it looks. Protecting the liner from wire protruding from the tire chips derived from belted tires is essential. Because tire chips tend to clump together, placement and spreading also must be in relatively thick lifts and performed by low-ground-pressure equipment. In addition, a significant volume reduction in the tire chip layer can be anticipated as a result of normal loadings from the overlying waste. Equivalent internal friction angles and cohesiveness for the tire chips should be estimated for factors of safety against side-slope failure. Despite theses concerns, however,the advantages of constructing a tire-chip drainage layer often can outweigh the disadvantages, as long as the chips` long-term permeability characteristics and resistance to clogging -- a result of biological activity -- are at least equal to that of typical granular soil materials commonly used in leachate drainage and collection systems.
Duffy, D.P. [RMT, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Identification of tire leachate toxicants and a risk assessment of water quality effects using tire reefs in canals
Cover is important to aquatic habitat and fisheries often try to improve habitats by addition of natural and artificial material to improve cover diversity and complexity. Habitat-improvement programs range from submerging used Christmas trees to more complex programs. Used automobile tires have been employed in the large scale construction of reefs and fish attractors in marine environments and to a lesser extent in freshwater and have been recognized as a durable, inexpensive and long-lasting material benefiting fishery communities. Recent studies by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation have quantified the importance of tire reefs to enhancing freshwater canal fisheries in the southwestern United States. These studies have demonstrated that fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates are attracted to these structures, increasing species diversity, densities and biomass where reefs are placed in canals. However, the use of tire reefs in aquatic environments which have relatively small volumes compared to marine or reservoir environments has raised water quality concerns. Effects of tires on water quality have not typically been studied in the past because of the obvious presence of fishes and other aquatic organisms that make use of tire reefs; the implication being that tires are inert and non-toxic. Little information on effects of tires on water quality is in the literature. Stone demonstrated that tire exposure had no detrimental effects on two species of marine fish while results of Kellough's freshwater tests were inconclusive, but suggested that some factor in tire leachate was toxic to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Nozaka et al. found no harmful substances leached from tire material soaked in fresh water. Because there are few data on toxicity associated with tires, this became the focus of our study. Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) procedures developed by the EPA were used to evaluate water quality impacted by tires. 17 refs., 4 figs.
Nelson, S.M.; Mueller, G. (Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO (United States)); Hemphill, D.C. (Lower Colorado Regional Office, Boulder City, NV (United States))
Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I
Abstract. This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth (AOD) and dust deposition. Additional comparisons to Angstr�om exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD and dust surface concentrations are included to extend the assessment of model performance and to identify common biases present in models. These data comprise a benchmark dataset that is proposed for model inspection and future dust model development. There are large differences among the global models that simulate the dust cycle and its impact on climate. In general, models simulate the climatology of vertically integrated parameters (AOD and AE) within a factor of two whereas the total deposition and surface concentration are reproduced within a factor of 10. In addition, smaller mean normalized bias and root mean square errors are obtained for the climatology of AOD and AE than for total deposition and surface concentration. Characteristics of the datasets used and their uncertainties may influence these differences. Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. Models overestimate the wet deposition in regions dominated by dry deposition. They generally simulate more realistic surface concentration at stations downwind of the main sources than at remote ones. Most models simulate the gradient in AOD and AE between the different dusty regions. However the seasonality and magnitude of both variables is better simulated at African stations than Middle East ones. The models simulate the offshore transport of West Africa throughout the year but they overestimate the AOD and they transport too fine particles. The models also reproduce the dust transport across the Atlantic in the summer in terms of both AOD and AE but not so well in winter-spring nor the southward displacement of the dust cloud that is responsible of the dust transport into South America. Based on the dependency of AOD on aerosol burden and size distribution we use model bias with respect to AOD and AE to infer the bias of the dust emissions in Africa and the Middle East. According to this analysis we suggest that a range of possible emissions for North Africa is 400 to 2200 Tg yr?1 and in the Middle East 26 to 526 Tg yr?1.
Huneeus, N.; Schulz, M.; Balkanski, Y.; Griesfeller, J.; Prospero, J.; Kinne, Stefan; Bauer, S.; Boucher, O.; Chin, M.; Dentener, F.; Diehl, T.; Easter, Richard C.; Fillmore, D.; Ghan, Steven J.; Ginnoux, P.; Grini, A.; Horowitz, L.; Koch, D.; Krol, M.; Landing, W.; Liu, Xiaohong; Mahowald, N.; Miller, R.; Morcrette, J. -J.; Myhre, G.; Penner, J.; Perlwitz, J.; Stier, P.; Takemura, T.; Zender, C. S.
Interaction between reinforcing geosynthetics and soil-tire chip mixtures
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of tire chips and soil-tire chip mixtures relevant to geosynthetic-reinforced earthworks. Tests were conducted to evaluate shear strength and pull-out capacity with a woven geotextile and two geogrids. Soil-tire chip mixtures made with clean sand and sandy silt were tested. These properties were then used to assess the potential advantages of using soil-tire chip backfills for geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls and embankments. The test results show that the geosynthetic pull-out force in tire chip and soil-tire chip backfills increases with displacement--i.e., no peak pull-out force is generally obtained, at least for displacements {le}100 mm. Pull-out interaction coefficients for the chip backfills are typically greater than 1, whereas for soil-tire chip backfills are typically greater than 1, whereas for soil-tire chip backfills they typically range between 0.2 and 0.7, even though the pull-out capacity for soil-tire chip backfills is generally similar to or greater than the pull-out capacity in a soil backfill. The higher strength, lower unit weight and good backfill-geosynthetic interaction obtained with soil-tire chip backfills can result in walls requiring less geosynthetic reinforcement than walls backfilled with soil. In addition, embankments can potentially be constructed with steeper slopes and a smaller volume of material when soil-tire chip fill is used, while providing greater resistance against lateral sliding and foundation settlement.
Tatlisoz, N. [International United Consultants, Inc., Istanbul (Turkey); Edil, T.B.; Benson, C.H. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Civil and Environmental Engineering
Aero-Tech: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-1012) | Department of Energy
Aero-Tech: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-1012) Aero-Tech: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-1012) Aero-Tech: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-1012) September 8, 2010 DOE alleged in a Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty that Aero-Tech Light Bulb Co. failed to certify a variety of incandescent reflector lamps as compliant with the applicable energy conservation standards. DOE regulations require a manufacturer (which includes importers) to submit reports certifying that its products have been tested and meet the applicable energy conservation standards. This civil penalty notice advises the company of the potential penalties and DOE's administrative process, including the company's right to a hearing. Aero-Tech: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-1012) More Documents & Publications Aero-Tech: Order (2010-CE-1012) Westland Sales: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-03/0411)
AeroSys: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-01/0201) | Department of Energy
AeroSys: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-01/0201) AeroSys: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-01/0201) AeroSys: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-01/0201) March 2, 2010 DOE alleged in a Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty that AeroSys, Inc. failed to certify residential central air conditioners and air conditioning heat pumps as compliant with the applicable energy conservation standards. DOE regulations require a manufacturer (which includes importers) to submit reports certifying that its products have been tested and meet the applicable energy conservation standards. This civil penalty notice advises the company of the potential penalties and DOE's administrative process, including the company's right to a hearing. AeroSys: Proposed Penalty (2010-CE-01/0201) More Documents & Publications AeroSys: Order (2010-CE-01/0201 and 2010-SE-0302)
Department of Energy Announces Testing for AeroSys, Inc. Products to Ensure
Testing for AeroSys, Inc. Products Testing for AeroSys, Inc. Products to Ensure Compliance with Appliance Standards Department of Energy Announces Testing for AeroSys, Inc. Products to Ensure Compliance with Appliance Standards September 24, 2009 - 12:00am Addthis Washington, DC - As part of its renewed efforts to ensure compliance with national energy efficiency appliance standards, the U.S. Department of Energy today issued a test notice requiring AeroSys, Inc. to provide sample air conditioners and heat pumps for laboratory testing by DOE. The test notice, issued under 10 CFR 430.70, requires AeroSys to make test samples of certain AeroSys-manufactured air conditioners and heat pumps available to DOE at its own expense. The Department will then determine whether these products comply with applicable DOE energy standards, which are
Final Scientific Report - "Improved Fuel Efficiency from Nanocomposite Tire Tread"
Rolling resistance, a measure of the energy lost as a tire rotates while moving, is a significant source of power and fuel loss. Recently, low rolling resistant tires have been formulated by adding silica to tire tread. These "Green Tires" (so named from the environmental advantages of lower emissions and improved fuel economy) have seen some commercial success in Europe, where high fuel prices and performance drive tire selection. Unfortunately, the higher costs of the silica and a more complicated manufacturing process have prevented significant commercialization - and the resulting fuel savings - in the U.S. In this project, TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) prepared an inexpensive alternative to silica that leads to tire components with lower rolling resistance. These new tire composite materials were processed with traditional rubber processing equipment. We prepared specially designed nanoparticle additives, based on a high purity, inorganic mineral whose surface can be easily modified for compatibility with tire tread formulations. Our nanocomposites decreased energy losses to hysteresis, the loss of energy from the compression and relaxation of an elastic material, by nearly 20% compared to a blank SBR sample. We also demonstrated better performance than a leading silica product, with easier production of our final rubber nanocomposite.
Dr. Andrew Myers
Scrap tire reuse through surface-modification technology
Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is developing a novel approach for reusing scrap tire rubber. The process involves the combination of scrap tire rubber particles with other materials to form higher value and higher performance composites. The process begins by grinding scrap tire to a fine particle size, and removing steel and fabric. The key to this approach is a proprietary surface-modification step which is critical for enhancing the compatibility with and bonding to other continuous phase matrix materials. Of all approaches for scrap tire rubber reuse, this approach offers the potential to recover (or save) the greatest amount of energy. Furthermore, this is the only approach which is clearly economically viable with current pricing and without a scrap tire tax. The process is environmentally innocuous, and capital requirements for large scale processing plants are projected to be modest. 7 figs.
Bauman, B.D.
Shredded tires and rubber-sand as lightweight backfill
The growing interest in utilizing waste materials in civil engineering applications has opened the possibility of constructing reinforced soil structures with unconventional backfills. Scrap tires are a high-profile waste material for which several uses have been studied, including the use of shredded tires as backfill. A triaxial testing program was conducted to investigate the stress-strain relationship and strength of tire chips and a mixture of sand and tire chips. The test results and additional information from the literature were used in the numerical modeling of wall backfills, both unreinforced and reinforced with geosynthetics. The numerical modeling results suggest tire shreds, particularly when mixed with sand, may be effectively used as a backfill.
Lee, J.H.; Salgado, R.; Lovell, C.W. [Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). School of Civil Engineering; Bernal, A. [GeoHidra, Caracas (Venezuela)
efficiency data from AeroSys Inc, Coaire, Cold Point, First Operations...
Appliance Data - Central Air Conditioners - 2010 View 2010 energy efficiency data from AeroSys Inc, Coaire, Cold Point, First Operations, LG Electronics, Nordyne, and Quietside...
Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Models Shown to Violate Minimum Efficiency Standards DOE Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Conditioner and Heat Pump...
Utv�rdering och f�rb�ttring g�llande Volvo Aeros till�mpning av metodiken praktisk probleml�sning.
?? Volvo Aero utvecklar, konstruerar, tillverkar och utf�r underh�ll av motorer och tillh�rande komponenter f�r civila och milit�ra flygplan. Visionen �r att leverera v�rldsledande transportl�sningar� (more)
Andersson, Johan
Cost and economic impact of tire reserve load requirements. Final report, July-October 1980
Inadequate maintenance of proper tire inflation by consumers and low tire reserve loads by auto manufacturers have contributed to unsafe driving conditions and tire failure. This report assesses the cost and economic impact of increased minimum tire reserve load requirements on the auto and tire industries, and the feasibility of regulation implementation for 3, 5, 7, 10, and 12% tire reserve loads. These are analyzed for the years 1981 through 1984. The costs and projections are based on the conditions found in the 1980 vehicle fleet and tire population and upon industry projections of future conditions.
Viergutz, O.; Marek, S.; Kelley, C.; Wakeley, H.
Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #434: July 24, 2006 Scrap Tire Recycling
4: July 24, 2006 4: July 24, 2006 Scrap Tire Recycling to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #434: July 24, 2006 Scrap Tire Recycling on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #434: July 24, 2006 Scrap Tire Recycling on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #434: July 24, 2006 Scrap Tire Recycling on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #434: July 24, 2006 Scrap Tire Recycling on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #434: July 24, 2006 Scrap Tire Recycling on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #434: July 24, 2006 Scrap Tire Recycling on AddThis.com... Fact #434: July 24, 2006 Scrap Tire Recycling The recycling of scrap tires has come a long way in the last decade. In 1990, only 11% of the tires that were scrapped were recycled or reused, but
Aero-Marker: blimp-based augmented reality marker for objects with virtual and tangible features
In this study, we describe an augmented reality (AR) marker---Aero-Marker---that has both a virtual appearance and physical features. Our Aero-Marker integrates a blimp with an AR marker to overcome two problems found in conventional AR applications. ... Keywords: aerotop interface, augmented reality, blimp, marker-based AR, tangible user interface
Hiroaki Tobita
No immediate relief for large mining tire shortage
Inventories are low and they will not get better anytime soon, but mine operators do have a few options. The three main manufacturers supplying tires to the US mining industry, Bridgestone Firestone Off Road Tire Company, Goodyear and Michelin are struggling to keep up with demand, but are unlikely to restore inventories to manageable levels by 2009. Meanwhile Yokohama and Global Tyres have stepped in to help. The article reports plans for expansions to plant in Japan. In the meantime, mine operators need to plan accordingly and pay increased attention to tire maintenance. The larger the tyre, the less available it is. 3 photos.
Fiscor, S.
Study of the use of truck tire beads as drainage pipe and analysis of the economics of tire disposal in Oklahoma. Part 1. Culverts. Final report
In an attempt to find alternate ways of dealing with waste truck tires, a private tire recycling company developed a pipe from the tire bead and sidewall. The tire-pipe has seen limited use as a roadway drainage culvert. To encourage wider use of this product, an evaluation of pipe performance was performed. The evaluation consisted of (1) inspections of existing installations; (2) structural tests; and (3) leakage tests. The study found that the majority of installations were performing well. Compared with corrugated steel and fiberglass pipes, the tire-pipe exhibited favorable structural performance. An individual tire-pipe section was found to be watertight. However, when tested in the open-air (not in the ground), the tire-pipe joints were found to leak. Development of an improved end connection would improve the utility of the tire-pipe.
Everett, J.W.; Gattis, J.L.
DOE Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Conditioner and
Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Models Shown to Violate Minimum Efficiency Standards DOE Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Models Shown to Violate Minimum Efficiency Standards March 30, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - Today, the Department of Energy announced that it is requiring AeroSys, Inc. to stop distributing two product models - one air conditioner and one heat pump - that DOE testing found to consume more energy than allowed under federal efficiency standards. This is the latest step in the Department's investigation into whether AeroSys has been selling products in the U.S. that violate minimum appliance efficiency standards. This is the first time that the Department of Energy has told a
Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Models DOE Orders AeroSys to Halt Distribution of Inefficient Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Models March 30, 2010 - 10:05am Addthis Today, the Department of Energy announced that it is requiring AeroSys, Inc. to stop distributing two product models - one air conditioner and one heat pump - that DOE testing found to consume more energy than allowed under federal efficiency standards. This is the latest step in the Department's investigation into whether AeroSys has been selling products in the U.S. that violate minimum appliance efficiency standards. This is the first time that the Department of Energy has told a company or manufacturer that it must halt the distribution of products that fail to
An investigation of the use of tire rubber in asphalt
The use of asphalt-rubber has been mandated without the needed experience, design procedures, and construction guidelines. The purpose of this study is to determine optimal blend parameters that will enable maximum performance of the asphalt-rubber binder. The selected variables chosen are curing time, curing temperature, rubber content (weight percent), rubber particle size, base asphalt type, and carbonyl area. Results confirmed that the addition of rubber increased the viscosity of the asphalt binder at high temperatures, lowered the creep stiffness of the binder at low temperatures, and improved the overall temperature susceptibility. Increasing the rubber content in the asphalt was shown to further improve pavement performance. In addition, the use of smaller particles of rubber was found to decrease the creep stiffness at low temperatures (60QC). It was also determined that the type of asphalt and the type of rubber play important roles of meeting the criteria of an improved asphaltrubber binder. For example, the Murphy asphalt reblended with Sun recycling agent (AC-5) showed the least improvement to the addition of rubber compared with the Fina AC-10, Exxon AC-10, and Exxon AC-5. With respect to rubber type, the Rouse rubber was determined to improve Theological properties of the asphalt-rubber binder more than the Tire-Gator rubber. The curing process was also shown to increase the breakdown of the rubber into the asphalt. This phenomenon can be attributed to the devulcanization of the rubber in the mixer apparatus where extreme shear rates and temperatures were used.
Koo, Heamo Lee
Deformability of shredded tires. Final report, 1996--1998
This report describes tree separate studies that examine the deformability of shredded tire fill material: The first study determined the response of shredded tires to cyclic loading. These tests were conducted in a load frame on both constrained and unconstrained samples and showed that the material became stiffer with increasing load; The second study focused on the long-term creep settlements of constrained and unconstrained samples. The results indicate that creep exists for a period of up to two years after loading; The third study investigated the possible anisotropic properties in the material. A larger modulus of elasticity was found in directions parallel to the layers than in the direction perpendicular to the layers. However, settlements computed using a representative anisotropic shredded tire fill material indicate that the current settlement analysis, based on isotropic shredded tire layers, predicts maximum settlements conservatively.
Drescher, A.; Newcomb, D.; Heimdahl, T.
Software for the INKA tire-pressure monitoring system
The present status of the problem of monitoring the tire pressure of a moving automobile is examined, the block diagram of the INKA system is given, and a mathematical model of the monitoring process is presented. The results from a solution of the equations of the mathematical model and from full-scale tests are analyzed. An algorithm is given for evaluating the absolute values of the tire pressure. The results reported are of theoretical and practical importance.
Buznikov, S.E.
Influence of different processing techniques on the mechanical properties of used tires in embankment construction
Use of the processed used tires in embankment construction is becoming an accepted way of beneficially recycling scrap tires due to shortages of natural mineral resources and increasing waste disposal costs. Using these used tires in construction requires an awareness of the properties and the limitations associated with their use. The main objective of this paper is to assess the different processing techniques on the mechanical properties of used tires-sand mixtures to improve the engineering properties of the available soil. In the first part, a literature study on the mechanical properties of the processed used tires such as tire shreds, tire chips, tire buffings and their mixtures with sand are summarized. In the second part, large-scale direct shear tests are performed to evaluate shear strength of tire crumb-sand mixtures where information is not readily available in the literature. The test results with tire crumb were compared with the other processed used tire-sand mixtures. Sand-used tire mixtures have higher shear strength than that of the sand alone and the shear strength parameters depend on the processing conditions of used tires. Three factors are found to significantly affect the mechanical properties: normal stress, processing techniques, and the used tire content.
Edincliler, Ayse, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Earthquake Engineering, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Bogazici University, Cengelkoy, 34684 Istanbul (Turkey); Baykal, Goekhan; Saygili, Altug [Civil Engineering Department, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul (Turkey)
14 FIGURE 6. Tire Data on RRC and Tread Wear (NRC,resistance coefficient (RRC) were found to be uncertain in6. FIGURE 6. Tire Data on RRC and Tread Wear (NRC, 2006)
BY FAX AND CERTIFIED MAIL James A. Garrett President AeroSys, Inc.
13, 2010 13, 2010 BY FAX AND CERTIFIED MAIL James A. Garrett President AeroSys, Inc. 929 Eldridge Drive Hagerstown, MD 21740 Dear Mr. Garrett: The attached notice advises you of test results stemming from the September 24, 2009 test notice issued by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) pursuant to 10 CFR § 430.70 regarding the performance of the remaining products manufactured by AeroSys, Inc. (AeroSys) that were selected for enforcement testing. The notice also advises you of your legal obligations. Violations of the applicable energy-efficiency standards may be subject to civil penalties. Separate from this notice, DOE may issue a notice of liability for such penalties as appropriate. As specified in the attached notice, DOE asks that AeroSys acknowledge receipt of this notice
System theoretic framework for assuring safety and dependability of highly integrated aero engine control systems
The development of complex, safety-critical systems for aero-engine control is subject to the, often competing, demands for higher safety and reduced development cost. Although the commercial aerospace industry has a general ...
Atherton, Malvern J
Development of asphalts and pavements using recycled tire rubber. Phase 1: technical feasibility. Final report
This report documents the technical progress made on the development of asphalts and pavements using recycled tire rubber.
Bullin, J.A.; Davison, R.R.; Glover, C.J. [and others
Design Evolution, Durability and Reliability of Pratt & Whitney Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbines
Market forces associated with deregulation are driving the incorporation of new technologies into combustion turbine designs, with the goal of increased profitability via improved performance. The next generation aero-derivative combustion turbines currently being introduced into the market carry a degree of technical risk due to new technologies incorporated into their design. This report reviews the design evolution and experience base of Pratt & Whitney Power Systems (PWPS) FT8 and FT4 aero-derivative...
Design Evolution, Reliability and Durability of Rolls-Royce Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbines
Competitive pressures are driving power generators to exploit aviation combustion turbine technology to create more efficient and powerful generation plants at lower cost. However, the use of aero-derivative combustion turbines (third generation or "next generation") carry a degree of technical risk because technologies incorporated into their design push them to the edge of the envelope. This report reviews the design evolution and experience base of advanced Rolls-Royce aero-derivative combustion turbi...
Tire shreds as lightweight retaining wall backfill: Active conditions
A 4.88-m-high retaining wall test facility was constructed to test tire shreds as retaining wall backfill. The front wall of the facility could be rotated outward away from the fill and was instrumented to measure the horizontal stress. Measurement of movement within the backfill and settlement of the backfill surface during wall rotation allowed estimation of the pattern of movement within the fill. Tests were conducted with tire shreds from three suppliers. Moreover, horizontal stress at this rotation for tire shreds was about 35% less than the active stress expected for conventional granular backfill. Design parameters were developed using two procedures; the first used the coefficient of lateral earth pressure and the other was based on equivalent fluid pressure. The inclination of the sliding plane with respect to horizontal was estimated to range from 61{degree} to 70{degree} for the three types of shreds.
Tweedie, J.J. [State of Maine Dept. of Transportation, Augusta, ME (United States); Humphrey, D.N.; Sandford, T.C. [Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Triaxial determination of shear strength of tire chips
Triaxial compression tests following stress paths of constant {sigma}{sub 1} were conducted to determine the shear strength of five processed scrap tire products having different gradations and particle shapes. The interparticle frictional component was separated from the total shear strength according to the energy correction concept proposed by researchers. The experimental results show that all five tire chip products have ultimate internal friction angles of 45{degree} to over 60{degree}. The interparticle frictional component of the strength was fully mobilized and nearly reached a constant value after approximately 5% axial strain. The experimental results confirmed that the strength parameter obtained with constant {sigma}{sub 1} was more reasonable. This finding is supported by field observation in which the tire chips have an angle of repose ranging from 37{degree} to 43{degree} (loosely stock piled) and up to 85{degree} (compacted). The engineering applications of the experimental results are discussed.
Wu, W.Y.; Benda, C.C.; Cauley, R.F. [Vermont Agency of Transportation, Montpelier, VT (United States)
Recycling tires. (Latest citations from Pollution Abstracts). Published Search
The bibliography contains citations concerning the technology and economic advantages of scrap tire recycling. The application of crumb rubber in the production of asphalt paving, floor-coverings, high performance composites, and other products is described. The production of fuels from scrap tires is also discussed. Legislation which promotes recycling, and the roles of government and the private sector in developing new markets and expanding existing markets are included.(Contains 50-250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) (Copyright NERAC, Inc. 1995)
Passenger vehicle tire rolling resistance can be predicted from a flat-belt test rig
The rolling resistance of fifteen different types of tire was determined on-road by coastdown tests, using several vehicles variously fitted with 14 and 15 inch wheels. Corrections for tire pressure, and for external temperature, were deduced by data regression. The rolling resistance of the same tires was measured on a flat-belt tire test machine, and correction for tire pressure was determined in a like manner. In this paper, the results, in terms of the characteristic rolling resistance, are compared between rig and road. The various test procedures are discussed.
Ivens, J.
Geotechnical investigation of the potential use of shredded scrap tires in soil stabilization. Final report
Silt-tire and clay-tire mixtures, containing 0% to 100% shredded tire material by weight, with tire chips ranging in size from 7mm--13mm, 13mm--25mm, and 25mm--38mm, were tested for a series of engineering properties including compaction characteristics, permeability, unconfined compressive strength, friction angle, cohesion, and compression index. In addition, the leachate samples from shredded tire material, soil-tire mixtures, and a test embankment, containing 70% clay and 30% shredded tire material by weight, were analyzed for chemical composition. The results show that density and unconfined compressive strength decrease, and permeability increases, with increasing shredded tire content for both soil types and all three tire sizes used in the study. In general, the addition of shredded tire material improves the friction angle for both silt and clay by a few degrees but also increases their compression index values. The results of leachate analyses show that concentrations of trace elements from soil-tire mixtures are less than the maximum allowed contaminant levels specified in United States Environmental Protection Agency`s regulations.
Shakoor, A.; Chu, C.J.
54.5 MPG and Beyond: New Tire Technology Pumps Up Fuel Savings | Department
54.5 MPG and Beyond: New Tire Technology Pumps Up Fuel Savings 54.5 MPG and Beyond: New Tire Technology Pumps Up Fuel Savings 54.5 MPG and Beyond: New Tire Technology Pumps Up Fuel Savings December 12, 2012 - 10:30am Addthis This graphic shows how Goodyear's new Air Maintenance Technology -- also called the self-regulating tire -- works. | Graphic courtesy of Goodyear. This graphic shows how Goodyear's new Air Maintenance Technology -- also called the self-regulating tire -- works. | Graphic courtesy of Goodyear. Rebecca Matulka Rebecca Matulka Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What are the key facts? Keeping tires inflated to the recommended pressure can improve gas mileage by 3 percent or the equivalent of saving up to $0.10 per gallon of gasoline. Goodyear has invented a self-regulating tire, which automatically
New Tire Technology Pumps Up Fuel Savings New Tire Technology Pumps Up Fuel Savings 54.5 MPG and Beyond: New Tire Technology Pumps Up Fuel Savings December 12, 2012 - 10:30am Addthis This graphic shows how Goodyear's new Air Maintenance Technology -- also called the self-regulating tire -- works. | Graphic courtesy of Goodyear. This graphic shows how Goodyear's new Air Maintenance Technology -- also called the self-regulating tire -- works. | Graphic courtesy of Goodyear. Rebecca Matulka Rebecca Matulka Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What are the key facts? Keeping tires inflated to the recommended pressure can improve gas mileage by 3 percent or the equivalent of saving up to $0.10 per gallon of gasoline. Goodyear has invented a self-regulating tire, which automatically
H. R. 3059: A bill to establish a scrap tire trust fund to provide financial assistance to States to eliminate current scrap tire piles and to manage the future disposal of scrap tires, introduced in the US House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, July 25, 1991
This bill was introduced into the US House of Representatives on July 25, 1991 to establish a scrap tire trust fund to provide financial assistance to states to eliminate current scrap tire piles and to manage the future disposal of scrap tires. Amounts from the fund will be available for making expenditures for purposes of conducting surveys of current scrap tire piles, developing tire management plans, and carrying out plans relating to the reduction and elimination of existing scrap tire piles, including recycling, recovering, and reusing scrap tires. Not in excess to 5% of the account may be used for payment of expenses for administration of the fund.
Natural clay-shredded tire mixtures as landfill barrier materials
A natural overconsolidated fissured clay, Keuper Marl, was mixed with shredded tire, 1--4 and 4--8 mm angular size particles, in weight percentages between 6 and 15%, and examined for use as a constituent in a landfill liner in terms of compaction, unconfined compressive strength, stress-strain behavior, permeability to water and paraffin, leachability, free swell behavior and swelling pressure. The results showed that the compacted dry density reduced solely due to the lighter weight of the tire and the unconfined compressive strength of the mixture was as low 40% of the strength of the clay alone. In stress-strain behavior the clay-tire mixtures produced a prolonged strain range at failure of roughly double that observed for the clay alone. The permeability to paraffin was reduced by more than 50 times compared to that of water. The leachability results showed different leached levels of copper and nickel from the NRA and TCLP leaching tests which will need to be assessed in relation to appropriate standards. Paraffin caused considerable swelling of the clay-tire mixtures compared to the clay alone and caused the development of swelling pressures of up to 600 kPa. Combinations of the various test results will need to be assessed in relation to the design requirement of the specific landfill liner being designed.
Al-Tabbaa, A. [Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Dept. of Engineering; Aravinthan, T. [Babtie Group, Croydon (United Kingdom)
AeroSys: Proposed Penalty (2011-SCE-1624) | Department of Energy
Proposed Penalty (2011-SCE-1624) Proposed Penalty (2011-SCE-1624) AeroSys: Proposed Penalty (2011-SCE-1624) September 30, 2013 DOE alleged in an Amended Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty (NPCP) that AeroSys, Inc. failed to certify various basic models of space-constrained central air conditioners and air conditioning heat pumps as compliant with the applicable energy conservation standards. DOE also alleged in the NPCP that AeroSys, Inc. manufactured and distributed in the U.S. noncompliant space-constrained central air conditioners and air conditioning heat pumps. DOE regulations require a manufacturer (which includes importers) to submit reports certifying that its products have been tested and meet the applicable energy conservation standards. Federal law subjects manufacturers and private labelers to civil penalties
Numerical model for the vacuum pyrolysis of scrap tires in batch reactors
A quantitative model for scrap tire pyrolysis in a batch scale reactor developed comprises the following basic phenomena: conduction inside tire particles; conduction, convection, and radiation between the feedstock particles or between the fluids and the particles; tire pyrolysis reaction; exothermicity and endothermicity caused by tire decomposition and volatilization; and the variation of the composition and the thermal properties of tire particles. This model was used to predict the transient temperature and density distributions in the bed of particles, the volatile product evolution rate, the mass change, the energy consumption during the pyrolysis process, and the pressure history in a tire pyrolysis reactor with a load of 1 kg. The model predictions agree well with independent experimental data.
Yang, J.; Tanguy, P.A.; Roy, C. [Univ. Laval, Quebec, PQ (Canada). Dept. de Genie Chimique
Scrap tire recycling: Promising high value applications. Final report
Surface modification of scrap tire rubber (rubber particles treated with chlorine gas) show promise for ameliorating the scrap tire problem (the treated rubber can be used as a component in high- performance, expensive polymer systems). The process has been proven in Phase I. Phase II covers market/applications, process development (Forberg-design mixer reactor was chosen), plant design, capital cost estimate, economics environmental/safety/health, and energy impact. Almost of the small amount of chlorine is consumed. The capital costs for a rubber particle treatment facility are attractive, being at least two orders of magnitude less than that of facilities for making new polymer materials. Large volume markets using treated rubber are needed. The amount of scrap rubber available is small compared to the polymers available for replacement. 7 tabs, 16 figs.
Bauman, B.D.; Leskovyansky, P.J.; Drela, H.
Characterization of chars from coal-tire copyrolysis
The objective of this work is the characterization of the solid conversion product from coal-tire copyrolysis because, nowadays, any new process should be faced without resolving the problem of the subproducts generated. A low-rank coal and a nonspecific mixture of scrap automotive tires, 50/50 w/w, have been coprocessed at 400 C for 30 min at different H{sub 2} pressures and atmospheres. Once the most valuable conversion products, the liquids, were recovered by tetrahydrofuran extraction, a complementary battery of analytical techniques was applied to characterize the solids or chars, looking for their possible use. {sup 13}C nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, immediate and ultimate analyses, ASA, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry were performed on them. By X-ray diffractometry the presence of sphalerite, pyrrhotite, and anhydrite was detected. Thermogravimetric studies demonstrated that the combustion induction temperature is 400 C. Char combustion tests at 900 C with discussion of NO{sub x}, SO{sub x}, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions are included. Mineral matter behaves as if only coal is processed with the Zn exception, from ZnO in the tire, which is converted into ZnS. It is shown that the char organic component has a higher aromaticity than the one from coal.
Mastral, A.M.; Callen, M.S.; Murillo, R. [CSIC, Zaragoza (Spain). Inst. de Carboquimica; Alvarez, R.; Clemente, C. [UM, Madrid (Spain). ETS de Ingenieros de Minas
A novel and cost-effective hydrogen sulfide removal technology using tire derived rubber particles.
??Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is corrosive, toxic, and produced during the anaerobic digestion process at wastewater treatment plants. Tire derived rubber particles (TDRPTM) and other rubber� (more)
Siefers, Andrea Mary
and Practices for Potential Waste and Energy Use ReductionsPractices for Potential Waste and Energy Use Reductions Maythe study involving research on waste and energy saving tire
A kinetic model for co-processing of coal and waste tire
Liquefaction of waste (recycled) tire and coal was studied both separately and using mixtures with different tire-to-coal ratios. Temperatures from 350-425{degrees}C were used. The data were analyzed using a model with a second-order consecutive reaction scheme (liquefaction to asphaltenes to oil and gas) for coal; a second-order conversion of tire to oil and gas; and an additional synergism reaction forming asphaltenes, first order in both coal and tire, when both are present. The agreement between the model and experiment was good.
Dadyburjor, D.B.; Sharma, R.K.; Yang, J.; Zondlo, J.W. [West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV (United States)
OC3 -- Benchmark Exercise of Aero-Elastic Offshore Wind Turbine Codes: Preprint
This paper introduces the work content and status of the first international investigation and verification of aero-elastic codes for offshore wind turbines as performed by the "Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration" (OC3) within the "IEA Wind Annex XXIII -- Subtask 2".
Passon, P.; Kuhn, M.; Butterfield, S.; Jonkman, J.; Camp, T.; Larsen, T. J.
Survey Design Surveys were conducted using an Aero Commander 690A at a speed of 110
and exploratory tracklines. (see Rone et al. aerial survey poster) Sonobuoy deployments were incorporated whale detections. After considering limitations encountered during the aerial survey that year (iSurvey Design Surveys were conducted using an Aero Commander 690A at a speed of 110 knots and 1000
Additive effect of waste tire on the hydrogenolysis reaction of coal liquefaction residue
A numerous amount of waste tire is landfilled or dumped all over the world, which causes environmental problems, such as destruction of natural places and the risk of fires. On the other hand, the coal liquefaction residue (CLR) is produced in 30% yield through the process supporting unit (PSU) of the NEDOL coal liquefaction process. Therefore, the investigation on an effective method for utilization of waste tire and CLR is required. In this study, the simultaneous hydrogenolysis of CLR and pulverized waste tire was carried out by using tetralin. The yields in the simultaneous hydrogenolysis were compared with algebraic sum of the yields of the individual hydrogenolyses of waste tire alone and coal alone. In the simultaneous hydrogenolysis, the synergistic effects to upgrading, such as an increase in the yield of the oil constituent and a decrease in the yield of the asphaltene constituent, occurred because of the stabilization of asphaltenic radicals from CLR with aliphatic radicals from tire. The decrease in asphaltene yield in the simultaneous hydrogenolysis was pronounced with the increase in the tire:CLR ratio because the solvent effects of liquefied tire, such as stabilization of radicals, hydrogen shuttling, and heat transfer, were enhanced. Accordingly, it is estimated that the simultaneous hydrogenolysis of CLR and waste tire is an effective method for processing both materials. 15 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Motoyuki Sugano; Daigorou Onda; Kiyoshi Mashimo [Nihon University, Tokyo (Japan). Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology
Modified Pyrolytic Carbon Black from Scrap Tires and Its Reinforcement Performance in Natural Rubber
Carbon blacks are the most widely used reinforcing fillers. The raw material of carbon black manufacture depends on petroleum industry to a great extent. Reclamation of used tires is to be enormously significant as oil will be used up in the near future. ... Keywords: Scrap Tire, Pyrolytic Carbon Black, Atomic Force Microscopy, Modification, Reinforcement
Zhou Jie; Wu Shengji; Yu Tianming; Xie Zhengmiao
Removal of polychlorinated phenols in sequential anaerobic-aerobic biofilm reactors packed with tire chips
Scrap vehicle tire chips were used as packing material for sequential anaerobic-aerobic biofilm reactors to remove persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons. Adsorption capacity of scrap tires was greater under acidic conditions than under basic conditions. However, it was only approximately 0.04 to 0.3% of that of activated carbon. The amount of biomass that attached to the surface of scrap tires was 3.16 and 3.72 mg volatile suspended solids/cm{sup 2} after 14 and 37 days, respectively. Two laboratory-scale, down-flow anaerobic-aerobic biofilm reactors packed with tire chips were operated to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and 4-chlorophenol (CP). More than 98% of DCP was dehalogenated to CP in the anaerobic reactor, 70 to 98% of which was subsequently degraded in the aerobic reactor. Scrap tires did not cause any operational problems when used as biofilter media.
Shin, H.S.; Yoo, K.S.; Park, J.K.
DOE Institutes Enforcement Action Against AeroSys, Inc. for Failure to Certify Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Washington, DC - The Department of Energy�s Office of General Counsel has issued a Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty to AeroSys, Inc. for failing to file certification reports or filing data that...
Utilization of surface-treated rubber particles from waste tires
During a 12-month program, the author successfully demonstrated commercial applications for surface-treated rubber particles in two major markets: footwear (shoe soles and components) and urethane-foam carpet underlay (padding). In these markets, he has clearly demonstrated the ease of using R-4080 and R-4030 surface-treated rubber particles in existing manufacturing plants and processes and have shown that the material meets or exceeds existing standards for performance, quality, and cost-effectiveness. To produce R-4080 and R-4030, vulcanized rubber, whole-tire material is finely ground to particles of nominal 80 and mesh size respectively. Surface treatment is achieved by reacting these rubber particles with chlorine gas. In this report, the author describes the actual test and evaluations of the participant companies, and identifies other potential end uses.
Smith, F.G. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). Energy Systems Div.]|[Environmental Technologies Alternatives, Inc., Lima, OH (United States)
Energy Efficiency in Heavy Vehicle Tires, Drivetrains, and Braking Systems
This document was prepared to support the primary goals of the Department of Energy, Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies. These were recently stated as follows: ''Develop by 2004 the enabling technologies for a class 7-8 truck with a fuel efficiency of 10 mpg (at 65 mph) which will meet prevailing emission standards. For Class 3-6 trucks operating on an urban driving cycle, develop by 2004 commercially viable vehicles that achieve at least double the fuel economy of comparable current vehicles (1999), and as a research goal, reduce criteria pollutants to 30% below EPA standards. Develop by 2004 the diesel engine enabling technologies to support large-scale industry dieselization of Class 1 and 2 trucks, achieving a 35 % fuel efficiency improvement over comparable gasoline-fueled trucks, while meeting applicable emissions standards.'' The enabling technologies for improving the fuel efficiency of trucks, include not only engine technologies but also technologies involved with lowering the rolling resistance of tires, reducing vehicle aerodynamic drag, improving thermal management, and reducing parasitic frictional losses in drive train components. Opportunities also exist for making better use of the energy that might ordinarily be dissipated during vehicle braking. Braking systems must be included in this evaluation since safety in truck operations is vital, and braking requirements are greater for vehicles having lowered resistance to rolling. The Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies has initiated a program to improve the aerodynamics of heavy vehicles through wind tunnel testing, computational modeling, and on-road evaluations. That activity is described in a separate multi-year plan; therefore, emphasis in this document will be on tires, drive trains, and braking systems. Recent, dramatic fluctuations in diesel fuel prices have emphasized the importance of effecting savings in truck fuel economy by implementing new component designs and materials.
Peter J. Blau
Vacuum pyrolysis of waste tires with basic additives
Granules of waste tires were pyrolyzed under vacuum (3.5-10 kPa) conditions, and the effects of temperature and basic additives (Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3}, NaOH) on the properties of pyrolysis were thoroughly investigated. It was obvious that with or without basic additives, pyrolysis oil yield increased gradually to a maximum and subsequently decreased with a temperature increase from 450 deg. C to 600 deg. C, irrespective of the addition of basic additives to the reactor. The addition of NaOH facilitated pyrolysis dramatically, as a maximal pyrolysis oil yield of about 48 wt% was achieved at 550 deg. C without the addition of basic additives, while a maximal pyrolysis oil yield of about 50 wt% was achieved at 480 deg. C by adding 3 wt% (w/w, powder/waste tire granules) of NaOH powder. The composition analysis of pyrolytic naphtha (i.b.p. (initial boiling point) {approx}205 deg. C) distilled from pyrolysis oil showed that more dl-limonene was obtained with basic additives and the maximal content of dl-limonene in pyrolysis oil was 12.39 wt%, which is a valuable and widely-used fine chemical. However, no improvement in pyrolysis was observed with Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} addition. Pyrolysis gas was mainly composed of H{sub 2}, CO, CH{sub 4}, CO{sub 2}, C{sub 2}H{sub 4} and C{sub 2}H{sub 6}. Pyrolytic char had a surface area comparable to commercial carbon black, but its proportion of ash (above 11.5 wt%) was much higher.
Zhang Xinghua [Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 610540 (China); Wang Tiejun [Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 610540 (China)], E-mail: email@example.com; Ma Longlong; Chang Jie [Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 610540 (China)
Goodyear Tire Plant Gains Traction on Energy Savings After Completing Save Energy Now Assessment (Revised)
This DOE Save Energy Now case study describes how the Goodyear Tire Plant saves approx. 93,000 MMBtu and $875,000 annually after increasing steam system energy efficiency in the Union City, TN, plant.
Uses of recycled rubber tires in highways: A synthesis of highway practice. Final report
The synthesis on the use of recycled rubber tires in highways will be of interest to administrators and policymakers; pavement, materials, geotechnical, environmental, and traffic operations engineers; and research engineers involved with highway design and construction issues. Information is provided on the uses of rubber tires in asphalt paving materials as well as other uses, such as on fills and embankments, for erosion control and on railroad grade crossings. Specifically, information is included which identifies the highway agencies using or implementing applications for recycled rubber tires and defines the design parameters, technical and construction limitations, performance, costs, benefits, environmental limitations, specifications, and availability. This synthesis of information defines the use of recycled rubber tires in highways and is based on a review of nearly 500 references and on information recorded from state highway agency responses to a 1991 survey of practice.
Epps, J.A.; Mason, L.S.
Characterization of waste tire incineration in a prototype vortexing fluidized bed combustor
To investigate the characteristics of incinerating waste tires in a prototype vortexing fluidized bed combustor, performance tests were conducted with two sizes of waste tire fragments. The results from the combustion experiments showed that increasing the tire particle size caused less of the volatiles to be burned in the freeboard and thus lowered freeboard temperature. Uniform bed temperature could also be achieved by increasing the size of the tire particles. Variations in the secondary and tertiary air rates simultaneously affected the swirling intensity and the axial gas velocity in the freeboard, and thus resulted in the variations in ash elutriation, combustion efficiency, and pollutant emissions for the combustion systems. 21 refs., 17 figs., 1 tab.
Teng, H.; Chyang, C.S.; Shang, S.H.; Ho, J.A. [Chung Yuan Christian Univ., Chung-Li (Taiwan, Province of China)
Nonlinear Analysis and Modeling of Tires. Final report, 12 September 1990-31 December 1995
The objective of the study was to develop efficient modeling techniques and computational strategies for: (1) predicting the nonlinear response of tires subjected to inflation pressure, mechanical and thermal loads; (2) determining the footprint region, and analyzing the tire pavement contact problem, including the effect of friction; and (3) determining the sensitivity of the tire response (displacements, stresses, strain energy, contact pressures and contact area) to variations in the different material and geometric parameters. Two computational strategies were developed. In the first strategy the tire was modeled by using either a two-dimensional shear flexible mixed shell finite elements or a quasi-three-dimensional solid model. The contact conditions were incorporated into the formulation by using a perturbed Lagrangian approach. A number of model reduction techniques were applied to substantially reduce the number of degrees of freedom used in describing the response outside the contact region. The second strategy exploited the axial symmetry of the undeformed tire, and uses cylindrical coordinates in the development of three-dimensional elements for modeling each of the different parts of the tire cross section. Model reduction techniques are also used with this strategy.
Noor, A.K.
Sorption of organic compounds in the aqueous phase onto tire rubber
Batch sorption tests were conducted to investigate the sorption capacity of organic compounds by ground tire and to assess the effects of the presence of other organic compounds, ionic strength, pH, ground tire particle size, and temperature on sorption. None of the factors were significant under the conditions tested, m-Xylene had the highest partition coefficient, followed by ethylbenzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chloroform, and methylene chloride (13 L/kg). The partition coefficients had a logarithmic linear relationship with the octanol-water partition coefficients. The diffusion coefficients of the compounds tested were in the range of 10{sup {minus}8} cm{sup 2}/s. The diffusion coefficients did not correlate well with the physical/chemical properties, such as molecular size, of the compounds tested. The heat of solutions of the compounds tested had relatively low values. Thus, the sorption may not be affected significantly by temperature change. Organic compounds sorbed onto tire rubber appear to be sorbed primarily onto tire rubber polymeric materials and partially carbon black in the tire rubber. Overall, ground tire shows significant capacity as a sorbent of organic compounds.
Kim, J.Y.; Park, J.K.; Edil, T.B. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
A multi-agent simulation system for prediction and scheduling of aero engine overhaul
The Aero Repair and Overhaul industry is facing an increasing challenge of prediction and scheduling of engine overhauls to remain competitive in a complex business arena. An appropriate technology solution is required to achieve efficient schedules while satisfying multiple opposing constraints in a highly dynamic environment. In this paper, we describe Overhaul Prediction and Scheduling, an agentbased simulator developed to tackle this challenge. Using negotiation strategies, it deals with the multi-dimensional scheduling optimisation problem by trading off repair costs, capacity and capability of overhaul bases, among others, in light of in-service unforseen events. It supports effective strategic decision-making via business scenario modelling.
Armin Stranjak; Partha Sarathi Dutta; Mark Ebden; Alex Rogers; Perukrishnen Vytelingum
Laboratory study on the use of tire shreds and rubber-sand in backfills and reinforced soil applications. Final report
Millions of scrap tires are discarded annually in the United States, the bulk of which are currently landfilled or stockpiled. This consumes valuable landfill space, or, if improperly disposed, creates a fire hazard and provides a prolific breeding ground for rates and mosquitoes. The use of tire shreds as lightweight fill material can sharply reduce the tire disposal problem. The present study, based on laboratory testing and numerical modeling, examines the feasibility of incorporating tire shreds and rubber-sand mixtures as lightweight geomaterial in embankments and backfills.
Bernal, A.; Lovell, C.W.; Salgado, R.
Effect of Wide-Based Single Tires on Fuel Efficiency of Class 8 Combination Trucks
In 2007 and 2008, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in collaboration with several industry partners, collected real-world performance and situational data for long-haul operations of Class- 8 trucks from a fleet engaged in normal freight operations. Such data and information is useful to support Class-8 modeling of heavy-truck performance, technology evaluation efforts for energy efficiency, and to provide a means of accounting for real-world driving performance within heavy-truck research and analyses. This paper presents some general statistics, including distribution of idling times during long-haul trucking operations. However, the main focus is on the analysis of some of the extensive real-world information collected in this project, specifically on the assessment of the effect that different types of tires (i.e., dual tires vs. new generation single wide-based tires or NGSWBTs) have on the fuel efficiency of Class-8 trucks. The tire effect is also evaluated as a function of the vehicle load level. In all cases analyzed, the statistical tests performed strongly suggest that fuel efficiencies achieved when using all NGSWBTs or combinations of duals and NGSWBTs are higher than in the case of a truck equipped with all dual tires.
Franzese, Oscar [ORNL; Knee, Helmut E [ORNL; Slezak, Lee [U.S. Department of Energy
Characterization of the properties of thermoplastic elastomers containing waste rubber tire powder
The aim of this research was to recycle waste rubber tires by using powdering technology and treating the waste rubber tire powder with bitumen. It has been proven that the elongation at break, thermal stability and processing flowability of composites of polypropylene (PP), waste rubber tire powder (WRT) and bitumen composites are better than those of PP/WRT composite. A comparative study has been made to evaluate the influence of bitumen content and different compatibilizers on the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites, using a universal testing machine (UTM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a capillary rheometer. The results suggested that the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites were dependent on the bitumen content and the kind of compatibilizer used.
Zhang Shuling [School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju 660-701 (Korea, Republic of); Alan G. MacDiarmid Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); Xin Zhenxiang [School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju 660-701 (Korea, Republic of); Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology and Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266042 (China); Zhang Zhenxiu [School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju 660-701 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jin Kuk [School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam, Jinju 660-701 (Korea, Republic of)], E-mail: email@example.com
Pyrolysis kinetics of scrap tire rubbers. 1: Using DTG and TGA
Tire pyrolysis kinetics was investigated to explore an economically viable design for the pyrolysis process. Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were found to provide valuable information on pyrolysis kinetics and mechanisms of a heterogeneous compound like scrap tire rubbers. Kinetic parameters of each compositional compound were obtained by analyzing DTG and TGA results with a series of mathematical methods proposed in this study. The pyrolysis kinetics of the scrap tire rubbers tested was well accounted for by the first-order irreversible independent reactions of three compositional compounds. The sidewall and tread rubber exhibited different thermal degradation patterns, suggesting a compositional difference between them. Isothermal pyrolysis results showed that the sidewall rubber would hardly be degraded at low temperature regions (=}746 K). Because of the shorter pyrolysis time, the higher isothermal pyrolysis temperature appeared to be more economically favorable.
Kim, S.; Park, J.K. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Chun, H.D. [Research Inst. of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang (Korea, Republic of)
AeroSys, Inc. Respondent BEFORE THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Respondent Respondent BEFORE THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20585 ) ) ) ) ) ) ORDER Case Number: 20 l 1-SCE-1624 By authority of the Secretary, U.S. Department of Energy: I . In this Order, I adopt the attached Compromise Agreement entered into between the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE») and AeroSys, Inc. {"Respondent"). The Compromise Agreement resolves the case initiated to pmsue a civil penalty for violations of DOE regulatory requirements at 10 C.F.R. §§ 429.12, 429.16, and 430.32(c). 2. The DOE and Respondent have negotiated the terms of the Compromise Agreement that resolves this matter. A copy of the Compromise Agreement is attached hereto and incorporated by reference. 3. After reviewing the terms of the Compromise Agreement and evaluating the facts
COASTAL HOUSEHOLD AIR TRAVEL SPORTS & RECREATION MANUFACTURING AUTOMOTIVE PUBLIC SAFETY MEDICAL GROCERY Search and Rescue at Sea Infrared Ear Thermometers Collision Avoidance Systems Shock-Absorbing Athletic Shoes Powdered Lubricants Improved Radial Tires
-Absorbing Athletic Shoes Powdered Lubricants Improved Radial Tires Fire-Resistant Reinforcement Light-Emitting Diodes
Application of the CALIOP Layer Product to Evaluate the Vertical Distribution of Aerosols Estimated by Global Models: AeroCom Phase I Results
The CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) layer product is used for a multimodel evaluation of the vertical distribution of aerosols. Annual and seasonal aerosol extinction profiles are analyzed over 13 sub-continental regions representative of industrial, dust, and biomass burning pollution, from CALIOP 2007-2009 observations and from AeroCom (Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models) 2000 simulations. An extinction mean height diagnostic (Z{sub a}) is defined to quantitatively assess the models performance. It is calculated over the 0-6 km and 0-10 km altitude ranges by weighting the altitude of each 100 m altitude layer by its aerosol extinction coefficient. The mean extinction profiles derived from CALIOP layer products provide consistent regional and seasonal specificities and a low inter-annual variability. While the outputs from most models are significantly correlated with the observed Z{sub a} climatologies, some do better than others, and 2 of the 12 models perform particularly well in all seasons. Over industrial and maritime regions, most models show higher Z{sub a} than observed by CALIOP, whereas over the African and Chinese dust source regions, Z{sub a} is underestimated during Northern Hemisphere Spring and Summer. The positive model bias in Z{sub a} is mainly due to an overestimate of the extinction above 6 km. Potential CALIOP and model limitations, and methodological factors that might contribute to the differences are discussed.
Koffi, Brigitte; Schultz, Michael; Breon, Francois-Marie; Griesfeller, Jan; Winker, D.; Balkanski, Y.; Bauer, Susanne E.; Berntsen, T.; Chin, Mian; Collins, William D.; Dentener, Frank; Diehl, Thomas; Easter, Richard C.; Ghan, Steven J.; Ginoux, P.; Gong, S.; Horowitz, L.; Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Koch, Dorothy; Krol, Maarten; Myhre, G.; Stier, P.; Takemura, T.
Tire-Derived Fuel Cofiring Test in a Pulverized Coal Utility Boiler
Several utilities are cofiring tire-derived fuel (TDF) with coal and other fuels in stoker, fluidized-bed, and cyclone-fired boilers. The field tests described in this report provide data on and will be of interest to utilities evaluating TDF cofiring in pulverized coal (PC) boilers.
Carbon nanotubes and other fullerenes produced from tire powder injected into an electric arc
A novel method of growing multiwall carbon nanotubes by injecting tire powder into an electric arc has been developed. The process is optimized using a DC electric arc in pressurized helium. The multiwall carbon nanotube product and the optimization process are characterized by transmission electron microscopy.
Murr, L.E. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 (United States)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Brown, D.K. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 (United States); Esquivel, E.V. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 (United States); Ponda, T.D. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 (United States); Martinez, F. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 (United States); Virgen, A. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 (United States)
Gravel road test sections insulated with scrap tire chips: Construction and the first year's results. Special report
A test project that uses tire chips as an insulating layer to limit frost penetration beneath a gravel-surfaced road is described. Tire chips, which are waste tires that have been cut into 2-in. pieces, are an attractive alternative to conventional insulation boards because they have moderate thermal resistance and are durable, free-draining and low cost. Furthermore, this application has the potential to make an important contribution to disposing of the more than 2 billion waste tires that are currently sitting in huge open piles across the U.S. The project was constructed in Richmond, Maine, in August 1992. It is 750 ft long, consisting of five sections with different thicknesses of tire chips and overlying soil cover and two control sections. Over 20,000 waste tires were used on this project. The primary goals were to determine the necessary thickness of tire chips to provide effective insulation and the minimum thickness of overlying soil cover needed to produce a stable riding surface. The thickness of the tire chip layers ranges from 6 to 12 in., while the thickness of the granular soil cover ranges from 12 to 24 in. The project is instrumented with thermocouples, resistivity gauges, groundwater monitoring wells and a weather station. In addition, the strength of the road surface is periodically measured with a heavy weight deflectometer. Results from the first year of service have shown that a 6-in. tire chip layer can reduce frost penetration by up to 25% and the gravel cover should be 12 to 18 in. thick to provide a stable riding surface.
Eaton, R.A.; Roberts, R.J.; Humphrey, D.N.
Electric Cable Reel Rubber-Tired Gantry Cranes: Costs and Benefits
Port equipment manufacturers have responded to the increased focus on air quality control by creating a variety of cleaner equipment and making more electric equipment available to ports. Included in this equipment is the rubber-tired gantry (RTG) crane, which was historically available only with a diesel engine. Electric cable reel RTG cranes, relatively new to the U.S. market, may reduce port crane operating costs due to their lower energy costs, higher energy efficiencies, and longer equipment life. E...
TEM study of PM2.5 emitted from coal and tire combustion in a thermal power station
The research presented here was conducted within the scope of an experiment investigating technical feasibility and environmental impacts of tire combustion in a coal-fired power station. Previous work has shown that combustion of a coal + tire blend rather than pure coal increased bulk emissions of various elements (e.g., Zn, As, Sb, Pb). The aim of this study is to characterize the chemical and structural properties of emitted single particles with dimensions tire blend, whereas yavapaiite, KFe{sup 3+}(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}, is present only when pure coal was combusted. It is concluded that these metal sulfates precipitated from the flue gas may be globally abundant aerosols and have, through hydration or dissolution, a major environmental and health impact. 66 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Reto Giere; Mark Blackford; Katherine Smith [Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet, Freiburg (Germany). Mineralogisch-Geochemisches Institut
TIRES Tire Mfg: Triangle Tire Model: Radial...
505 lb Delivered Curb Weight: 2498 lb Distribution FR: 5149 % GVWR: 2998 lb GAWR FR: 17001550 lb Payload 2 : 500 lb Performance Goal: 400 lb DIMENSIONS Wheelbase: 97.0 inches...
472 lb Delivered Curb Weight: 2472 lb Distribution FR: 5149 % GVWR: 2998 lb GAWR FR: 17971562 lb Payload 2 : 526 lb Performance Goal: 400 lb DIMENSIONS Wheelbase: 98.0 inches...
ARAC dispersion modeling of the August 1998 Tracy, California tire fire
At about 4:30 pm PDT on Friday, August 7, 1998 a fire ignited the large tire disposal pit of Royster Tire Co. on Macarthur Drive about 5 km (3 miles) south of downtown Tracy, California. While providing on-scene mutual aid late Friday night, the LLNL Fire Department called and requested that the Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) make a plume forecast for Saturday. The response team in the field was interested in the forecasted location as well as an estimate of potential health effects on the following day. Not having any previous experience with tire fire source terms, ARAC assessors used a constant unit source rate (1 g/s) of particulate and produced plots showing only the location of the ground-level normalized time-integrated air concentrations from the smoke plume. Very early Saturday morning the assessors faxed plots of ground-level smoke air concentrations forecasted for Saturday from 6 am through 6 pm PDT to the Tracy Fire Emergency Operations Center. (As a part of standard procedure, before delivering the plots, the assessors notified ARAC's DOE sponsor.) Fortunately due to the intense heat from the fire, the dense black smoke immediately lofted into the air preventing high ground-level concentrations close to the tire dump. Later on Saturday morning ARAC forecasted a second set of plume integrated air concentrations for Sunday. By Monday the intensity of the fire lessened, and ARAC's support was no longer requested. Following ARAC's response, we made a third calculation on a large scale of the continuous smoke dispersion for 3 days after the fire. A newspaper photograph showed the plume initially rising toward the northeast and the upper part of the smoke cloud turning counterclockwise toward the north. Winds from ARAC's mesoscale prognostic model reproduced this plume structure, while data from the Friday afternoon sounding from Oakland did not. On the 250 km scale, using gridded wind outputs from our mesoscale forecast model to initialize the dispersion model produced more realistic results than interpolating between the sparse surface and upper air wind observations available from airports. Dispersion model results showed that some of the smoke eventually mixed down to the ground to the east and south of the fire Friday night. News articles also indicated smoke extending over Manteca, Lathrop, and Modesto Friday night. More elevated smoke was brought to the ground due to the extensive daytime vertical mixing on Saturday and Sunday. The model results reflected these observations showing wide patterns of diffuse ground-level smoke extended along the San Joaquin Valley from Sacramento to Fresno on Saturday and Sunday.
Aluzzi, F J; Baskett, R L; Bowen, B M; Foster, C S; Pace, J C; Pobanz, B; Vogt, P J
Reduction of carbon content in waste-tire combustion ashes by bio-thermal treatment
Application of bio-catalyst (NOE-7F) in thermal treatment can adequately dispose dark-black fly ashes from co-combustion of both waste tires and coal. After thermal treatment of fly ashes by adding 10% NOE-7F, the carbon contents reduced by 37.6% and the weight losses increased by 405%, compared with the fly ashes without mixing with NOE-7F. The combustion behaviors of wasted tires combustion fly ashes with NOE-7F were also investigated by both thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results verify that NOE-7F has positive effects on the combustion of residual carbon and toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) enhance the energy release and reduce the toxicity during the process of thermal treatment. Furthermore, using NOE-7F to dispose high-carbon content fly ashes did improve the compressive strength of fly ashes and concrete mixtures. Therefore, NOE-7F is a promising additive which could decrease treatment cost of high-carbon content fly ashes and reduce the amount of survival toxic PAHs.
Chen, C.C.; Lee, W.J.; Shih, S.I.; Mou, J.L. [National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (Taiwan). Dept. of Environmental Engineering
Pyrolysis of tire rubber: Porosity and adsorption characteristics of the pyrolytic chars
Tire rubber has been pyrolyzed at various temperatures under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting chars have been analyzed for their porosity using nitrogen gas adsorption and for their aqueous adsorption characteristics using phenol, methylene blue, and the reactive dyes Procion Turquoise H-A and Procion Red H-E3B. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were modeled to the BET and Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equations to determine effective surface areas, mesopore volumes, and micropore volumes. Results showed that pyrolysis of tire rubber was essentially complete at 500 C and resulted in a char yield of approximately 42 wt%. Pyrolytic chars exhibited BET surface areas up to 85 m{sup 2}/g and micropore volumes up to 0.04 mL/g. Owing to their poorly developed micropore structure, the pyrolytic chars exhibited limited aqueous adsorption capacity for compounds of small molecular weight, such as phenol. However, the chars possessed significantly greater adsorption capacity for species of large molecular weight which was attributed to the presence of large mesopore volumes (up to 0.19 mL/g).
Miguel, G.S.; Fowler, G.D.; Sollars, C.J. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom)
Tired of changing light bulbs AND want to save money? Still using 100 year-old technology?
Tired of changing light bulbs AND want to save money? Still using 100 year-old technology? TAKE THE COMPACT FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULB CHALLENGE! · A 23 W Compact bulb gives the same light as a 100W regular are you waiting for? Count up the number of light bulbs in your home and go out and replace them
Feasibility study for thermal treatment of solid tire wastes in Bangladesh by using pyrolysis technology
In this study on the basis of lab data and available resources in Bangladesh, feasibility study has been carried out for pyrolysis process converting solid tire wastes into pyrolysis oils, solid char and gases. The process considered for detailed analysis was fixed-bed fire-tube heating pyrolysis reactor system. The comparative techno-economic assessment was carried out in US$ for three different sizes plants: medium commercial scale (144 tons/day), small commercial scale (36 tons/day), pilot scale (3.6 tons/day). The assessment showed that medium commercial scale plant was economically feasible, with the lowest unit production cost than small commercial and pilot scale plants for the production of crude pyrolysis oil that could be used as boiler fuel oil and for the production of upgraded liquid-products.
Islam, M.R., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi 6204 (Bangladesh); Joardder, M.U.H.; Hasan, S.M. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi 6204 (Bangladesh); Takai, K.; Haniu, H. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University Corporation Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami City, Hokkaido 090-8507 (Japan)
Recovery and evaluation of the solid products produced by thermocatalytic decomposition of tire rubber compounds
A thermal catalytic decomposition process has been developed to recycle used tire rubber. This process enables the recovery of useful products, such as hydrocarbons and carbon blacks. During the catalytic decomposition process, the tire rubber is decomposed into smaller hydrocarbons, which are collected in the process. The solid reaction residue, which normally consists of carbon black, catalysts, other inorganic rubber compound components, and organic carbonaceous deposits, was subjected to a series of treatments with the intention to recover the valuable carbon black and catalyst. The process economics depend strongly on the commercial value of the recovered carbon black and the ability to recover and recycle the catalysts used in the process. Some of the important properties of the recovered carbon black product have been characterized and compared with that of commercial-grade carbon blacks. The composition of the recovered carbon black was analyzed by TGA and EDX, the structure and morphology were studied through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the specific surface area was measured by BET nitrogen adsorption. The recovered products possess qualities at least comparable to (or even better than) that of the commercial-grade carbon black N660. Methods for increasing the market value of this recovered carbon black product are discussed. Anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was used as the primary catalyst in the process. A catalyst recovery method based on the AlCl3 sublimation and recondensation was studied and found to be non-feasible. It is believed that the catalyst forms an organometallic complex with the decomposed hydrocarbons, such that it becomes chemically bonded to the residue material and hence not removable by evaporation. A scheme for the further study of the catalyst recovery is suggested.
Liang, Lan
Soot temperature measurements and implications for time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (TIRE-LII)
Emission spectroscopy has been used to determine soot particle temperatures in an ethene diffusion flame both under normal combustion conditions and also after irradiation with an intense laser pulse. On the basis of these measurements, a check on the models and an improvement of parameters underlying time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (TIRE-LII) was performed. With this technique a two-dimensionally resolved measurement of soot primary particle sizes is feasible in a combustion process from the ratio of emission signals obtained at two delay times after a laser pulse, as the cooling behavior is characteristic of particle size. For accurate measurements, local gas temperatures must be known, which can be derived from the temperatures of the soot particles themselves. These have been measured by fitting full Planck curves to line-of-sight emission spectra after an inversion algorithm. The temperature and heat of vaporization of soot, which govern the energy and mass loss at high temperatures, were obtained by measurements of maximum particle temperature for various laser irradiances and a fit procedure to the theoretical dependence. Finally, the temperature decay of laser-heated soot was measured with high temporal resolution. Comparisons with model predictions show that soot temperatures are roughly 300 K higher than expected after the onset of vaporization, which indicates deficiencies in the present models of vaporization. It is demonstrated that the TIRE-LII performance is essentially unaffected by these shortcomings if LII signals are detected in a period where conductive heat transfer dominates and an appropriate correction is performed.
Schraml, S.; Dankers, S.; Bader, K.; Will, S.; Leipertz, A.
Upgrade of Compressed Air Control System Reduces Energy Costs at Michelin Tire Plant. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) BestPractices Project Case Study
This case study highlights the upgraded compressed air system at a Michelin tire manufacturing plant in Spartanburg, South Carolina. The controls upgrade project enabled multiple compressor operation without blow-off, and significantly reduced energy costs.
Recycling of rubber tires in electric arc furnace steelmaking: simultaneous combustion of metallurgical coke and rubber tyres blends
The present study investigates the effect of addition of waste rubber tires on the combustion behavior of its blends with coke for carbon injection in electric arc furnace steelmaking. Waste rubber tires were mixed in different proportions with metallurgical coke (MC) (10:90, 20:80, 30:70) for combustion and pyrolysis at 1473 K in a drop tube furnace (DTF) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. Under experimental conditions most of the rubber blends indicated higher combustion efficiencies compared to those of the constituent coke. In the early stage of combustion the weight loss rate of the blends is much faster compared to that of the raw coke due to the higher volatile yield of rubber. The presence of rubber in the blends may have had an impact upon the structure during the release and combustion of their high volatile matter (VM) and hence increased char burnout. Measurements of micropore surface area and bulk density of the chars collected after combustion support the higher combustion efficiency of the blends in comparison to coke alone. The surface morphology of the 30% rubber blend revealed pores in the residual char that might be attributed to volatile evolution during high temperature reaction in oxygen atmosphere. Physical properties and VM appear to have a major effect upon the measured combustion efficiency of rubber blends. The study demonstrates that waste rubber tires can be successfully co-injected with metallurgical coke in electric arc furnace steelmaking process to provide additional energy from combustion. 44 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.
Magdalena Zaharia; Veena Sahajwalla; Byong-Chul Kim; Rita Khanna; N. Saha-Chaudhury; Paul O'Kane; Jonathan Dicker; Catherine Skidmore; David Knights [University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia). School of Materials Science and Engineering
H. R. 3058: This Act may be cited as the Tire Recycling and Recovery Act of 1991, introduced in the US House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session, July 25, 1991
This bill was introduced into the US House of Representatives on July 25, 1991 to amend the Solid Waste Disposal Act in order to provide for a scrap tire management and recovery program. The objectives of this legislation are to provide temporary federal incentives to eliminate scrap tire piles through environmentally sound methods, including recycling, recovery and reuse. All future scrap tires are to be managed by the states through programs that will manage and minimize the buildup of scrap tire piles in the future.
Design of a bench-scale apparatus for processing carbon black derived from scrap tires
The focus of this work is to design a bench-scale apparatus, for laboratory applications, that will perform solid processing operations for carbon black obtained through the thermal catalytic depolymerization of scrap tires. These operations are as follows: filtration and washing, extraction, and fine/coarse particle separation. It is beneficial to perform the three processing steps in a single apparatus to minimize, both, the amount of solid product lost and the time required for processing. By minimizing the time, a greater number of samples may be analyzed in a given amount of time. Thus, the effects of variations in process conditions can be determined in a shorter time span. The final design of the apparatus was formulated through combining the requirements of the three individual processing steps. Theoretical aspects, as well as quantitative and qualitative observations were important tools in generating the final design specifications. Without a doubt, the practical experience of working with the carbon black was the most important aid in performing this work.
Woodrow, Philip Travis
Variable Screw Compressor, Variable Screw Compressor Suppliers ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Variable Screw Compressor Suppliers & air compressor Manufacturers Directory. Source Top Quality Variable Screw Compressor Suppliers, air ...
Development of asphalts and pavements using recycled tire rubber. Phase 1, Technical feasibility. Technical progress report, September 1, 1994--August 31, 1995
About 285 million tires are discarded every year; less than 100 million are currently being recycled, with the rest being placed in landfills and other waste sites. A solution to reduce the littering of the environment is to use ground tire rubber in road construction. Currently, about 27 million tons of asphalt are used each year in road construction and maintenance of the country`s 2 million miles of roads. If all of the waste tire rubber could be combined with asphalt in road construction, it would displace less than 6% of the total asphalt used each year, yet could save about 60 trillion Btus annually. Purpose of this project is to provide data needed to optimize the performance of rubber-asphalt concretes. The first phase is to develop asphalts and recycling agents tailored for compatibility with ground tire rubber. Chapter 2 presents results on Laboratory Testing and Evaluation: fractionate asphalt material, reblending for aromatic asphalts, verifying optimal curing parameters, aging of blends, and measuring ductilities of asphalt-rubber binders. Chapter 3 focuses on Evaluating Mixture Characteristics (modified binders). Chapter 4 covers Adhesion Test Development (water susceptibility is also covered). The final chapter focuses on the Performance/Economic Update and Commercialization Plan.
An Examination of Multiple MicroGeneration Technologies Used within an Experimental Home: A Tire-bale Home Leverages Green Technologies for Energy Independence
The concept of micro generation [1] can be extended into homes which use a variety of techniques to generate energy using green concepts. This paper examines one such experimental house that uses active and passive systems to generate energy for the ... Keywords: home systems, passive solar, tire bales, thermal mass, solar, net metering, net zero energy, NZEB
Jon Hagar, Laura Hagar
Augmented Lagrangian and penalty methods for the simulation of two-phase flows interacting with moving solids. Application to hydroplaning flows interacting with real tire tread patterns
The numerical simulation of the interaction between a free surface flow and a moving obstacle is considered for the analysis of hydroplaning flows. A new augmented Lagrangian method, coupled to fictitious domains and penalty methods, is proposed for ... Keywords: 1-fluid model, Augmented Lagrangian, Fictitious domain, Hydroplaning flows, Patterned tire, Penalty method, Volume of fluid
St�phane Vincent; Arthur Sarthou; Jean-Paul Caltagirone; Fabien Sonilhac; Pierre F�vrier; Christian Mignot; Gr�goire Pianet
Performance Variability
Variability Variability of Highly Parallel Architectures William T.C. Kramer 1 and Clint Ryan 2 1 Department of Computing Sciences, University of California at Berkeley and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2 Department of Computing Sciences, University of California at Berkeley Abstract. The design and evaluation of high performance computers has concentrated on increasing computational speed for applications. This performance is often measured on a well configured dedicated sys- tem to show the best case. In the real environment, resources are not always dedicated to a single task, and systems run tasks that may influ- ence each other, so run times vary, sometimes to an unreasonably large extent. This paper explores the amount of variation seen across four large distributed memory systems in a systematic manner. It then
Acetylene from the co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste tires or coal in the H{sub 2}/Ar plasma
Acetylene from carbon-containing materials via plasma pyrolysis is not only simple but also environmentally friendly. In this article, the acetylene produced from co-pyrolyzing biomass with waste tire or coal under the conditions of H{sub 2}/Ar DC arc plasma jet was investigated. The experimental results showed that the co-pyrolysis of mixture with biomass and waste tire or coal can improve largely the acetylene relative volume fraction (RVF) in gaseous products and the corresponding yield of acetylene. The change trends for the acetylene yield of plasma pyrolysis from mixture with raw sample properties were the same as relevant RVF. But the yield change trend with feeding rate is different from its RVF. The effects of the feeding rate of raw materials and the electric current of plasmatron on acetylene formation are also discussed.
Bao, W.; Cao, Q.; Lv, Y.; Chang, L. [Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan (China)
Further investigation of the impact of the co-combustion of tire-derived fuel and petroleum coke on the petrology and chemistry of coal combustion products
A Kentucky cyclone-fired unit burns coal and tire-derived fuel, sometimes in combination with petroleum coke. A parallel pulverized combustion (pc) unit at the same plant burns the same coal, without the added fuels. The petrology, chemistry, and sulfur isotope distribution in the fuel and resulting combustion products was investigated for several configurations of the fuel blend. Zinc and Cd in the combustion products are primarily contributed from the tire-derived fuel, the V and Ni are primarily from the petroleum coke, and the As and Hg are probably largely from the coal. The sulfur isotope distribution in the cyclone unit is complicated due to the varying fuel sources. The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) array in the pc unit shows a subtle trend towards heavier S isotopic ratios in the cooler end of the ESP.
Hower, J.C.; Robertson, J.D.; Elswick, E.R.; Roberts, J.M.; Brandsteder, K.; Trimble, A.S.; Mardon, S.M. [University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States). Center for Applied Energy Research
System for measuring the coordinates of tire surfaces in transient conditions when rolling over obstacles: Description of the system and performance analysis
This paper describes the development of a system for measuring surface coordinates (commonly known as ''shape measurements'') which is able to give the temporal evolution of the position of the tire sidewall in transient conditions (such as during braking, when there are potholes or when the road surface is uneven) which may or may not be reproducible. The system is based on the well-known technique of projecting and observing structured light using a digital camera with an optical axis which is slanted with respect to the axis of the projector. The transient nature of the phenomenon has led to the development of specific innovative solutions as regards image processing algorithms. This paper briefly describes the components which make up the measuring system and presents the results of the measurements carried out on the drum bench. It then analyses the performance of the measuring system and the sources of uncertainty which led to the development of the system for a specific dynamic application: impact with an obstacle (cleat test). The measuring system guaranteed a measurement uncertainty of 0.28 mm along the Z axis (the axial direction of the tire) with a measurement range of 250(X)x80(Y)x25(Z) mm{sup 3}, with the tire rolling at a speed of up to 30 km/h.
Castellini, Paolo; Di Giuseppe, Andrea [Dipartimento di Meccanica, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona (Italy)
During the period October 1, 2002--December 31, 2002, Allegheny Energy Supply Co., LLC (Allegheny) completed the first year of testing at the Willow Island cofiring project. This included data acquisition and analysis associated with certain operating parameters and environmental results. Over 2000 hours of cofiring operation were logged at Willow Island, and about 4,000 tons of sawdust were burned along with slightly more tire-derived fuel (TDF). The results were generally favorable. During this period, also, a new grinder was ordered for the Albright Generating Station to handle oversized material rejected by the disc screen. This report summarizes the activities associated with the Designer Opportunity Fuel program, and demonstrations at Willow Island and Albright Generating Stations. It details the test results at Willow Island and summarizes the grinder program at Albright.
K. Payette; D. Tillman
DOE Patents (OSTI)
An electrically variable time delay line is described which may be readily controlled simuitaneously with variable impedance matching means coupied thereto such that reflections are prevented. Broadly, the delay line includes a signal winding about a magnetic core whose permeability is electrically variable. Inasmuch as the inductance of the line varies directly with the permeability, the time delay and characteristic impedance of the line both vary as the square root of the permeability. Consequently, impedance matching means may be varied similariy and simultaneously w:th the electrically variable permeability to match the line impedance over the entire range of time delay whereby reflections are prevented.
Clemensen, R.E.
Understanding Biomass Feedstock Variability
If the singular goal of biomass logistics and the design of biomass feedstock supply systems is to reduce the per ton supply cost of biomass, these systems may very well develop with ultimate unintended consequences of highly variable and reduced quality biomass feedstocks. This paper demonstrates that due to inherent species variabilities, production conditions, and differing harvest, collection, and storage practices, this is a very real scenario that biomass producers and suppliers as well as conversion developers should be aware of. Biomass feedstock attributes of ash, carbohydrates, moisture, and particle morphology will be discussed. We will also discuss specifications for these attributes, inherent variability of these attributes in biomass feedstocks, and approaches and solutions for reducing variability for improving feedstock quality.
Kevin L. Kenney; William A. Smith; Garold L. Gresham; Tyler L. Westover
Estimated Global Hydrographic Variability
An estimate is made of the three-dimensional global oceanic temperature and salinity variability, omitting the seasonal cycle, both as a major descriptive element of the ocean circulation and for use in the error estimates of state estimation. ...
Ga�l Forget; Carl Wunsch
During the period July 1, 2000-March 31, 2004, Allegheny Energy Supply Co., LLC (Allegheny) conducted an extensive demonstration of woody biomass cofiring at its Willow Island and Albright Generating Stations. This demonstration, cofunded by USDOE and Allegheny, and supported by the Biomass Interest Group (BIG) of EPRI, evaluated the impacts of sawdust cofiring in both cyclone boilers and tangentially-fired pulverized coal boilers. The cofiring in the cyclone boiler--Willow Island Generating Station Unit No.2--evaluated the impacts of sawdust alone, and sawdust blended with tire-derived fuel. The biomass was blended with the coal on its way to the combustion system. The cofiring in the pulverized coal boiler--Albright Generating Station--evaluated the impact of cofiring on emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) when the sawdust was injected separately into the furnace. The demonstration of woody biomass cofiring involved design, construction, and testing at each site. The results addressed impacts associated with operational issues--capacity, efficiency, and operability--as well as formation and control of airborne emissions such as NO{sub x}, sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}2), opacity, and mercury. The results of this extensive program are detailed in this report.
Impact of supplemental firing of tire-derived fuel (TDF) on mercury species and mercury capture with the advanced hybrid filter in a western subbituminous coal flue gas
Pilot-scale experimental studies were carried out to evaluate the impacts of cofiring tire-derived fuel and a western subbituminous coal on mercury species in flue gas. Mercury samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of the Advanced Hybrid filter to determine mercury concentrations in the flue gas with and without TDF cofiring, respectively. Cofiring of TDF with a subbituminous coal had a significant effect on mercury speciation in the flue gas. With 100% coal firing, there was only 16.8% oxidized mercury in the flue gas compared to 47.7% when 5% TDF (mass basis) was fired and 84.8% when 10% TDF was cofired. The significantly enhanced mercury oxidation may be the result of additional homogeneous gas reactions between Hg{sup 0} and the reactive chlorine generated in the TDF-cofiring flue gas and the in situ improved reactivity of unburned carbon in ash by the reactive chlorine species. Although the cofiring of TDF demonstrated limited improvement on mercury-emission control with the Advanced Hybrid filter, it proved to be a very cost-effective mercury control approach for power plants equipped with wet or dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems because of the enhanced mercury oxidation. 15 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.
Ye Zhuang; Stanley J. Miller [University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND (United States). Energy & Environmental Research Center
Georeactor Variability and Integrity
As a deep-Earth energy source, the planetocentric nuclear-fission georeactor concept is on a more secure scientific footing than the previous idea related to the assumed growth of the inner core. Unlike previously considered deep-Earth energy sources, which are essentially constant on a human time-scale, variability in nuclear fission reactors can arise from changes in composition and/or position of fuel, moderators, and neutron absorbers. Tantalizing circumstantial evidence invites inquiry into the possibility of short-term planetocentric nuclear fission reactor variability. This brief communication emphasizes the importance of scientific integrity and highlights the possibility of variable georeactor power output so that these might be borne in mind in future investigations, especially those related to the Earth's heat flux.
J. Marvin Herndon
Herndon, J M
Modeling 18� Water Variability
Variability of 18� Water formation is investigated with an isopycnic-coordinate model of the North Atlantic. A 30-year spinup integration is used as a �control� experiment in which the upper water column in the Sargasso Sea is shown to be in ...
Robert Marsh; Adrian L. New
Variable percentage sampler
A remotely operable sampler is provided for obtaining variable percentage samples of nuclear fuel particles and the like for analyses. The sampler has a rotating cup for a sample collection chamber designed so that the effective size of the sample inlet opening to the cup varies with rotational speed. Samples of a desired size are withdrawn from a flowing stream of particles without a deterrent to the flow of remaining particles.
Miller, Jr., William H. (Knoxville, TN)
Errors in all variables
We present a thorough derivation of the posterior for the straight line fit employing the hyper-plane prior. For the example of the parabola we enlarge the scope to nonlinear problems, however simplify it to be solved resembling the straight line solution. Finally we come to the problem of determining the exponents of a scaling law, where in logarithmic form the scaling exponents are linear coefficients of logarithmic variables.
Preuss, R.; Dose, V. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, D-85748 Garching (Germany)
Solar-type Variables
The rich acoustic oscillation spectrum in solar-type variables make these stars particularly interesting for studying fluid-dynamical aspects of the stellar interior. I present a summary of the properties of solar-like oscillations, how they are excited and damped and discuss some of the recent progress in using asteroseismic diagnostic techniques for analysing low-degree acoustic modes. Also the effects of stellar-cycle variations in low-mass main-sequence stars are addressed.
Houdek, Gunter
Variable laser attenuator
The disclosure relates to low loss, high power variable attenuators comprng one or more transmissive and/or reflective multilayer dielectric filters. The attenuator is particularly suitable to use with unpolarized lasers such as excimer lasers. Beam attenuation is a function of beam polarization and the angle of incidence between the beam and the filter and is controlled by adjusting the angle of incidence the beam makes to the filter or filters. Filters are selected in accordance with beam wavelength.
Foltyn, Stephen R. (Los Alamos, NM)
The disclosure relates to low loss, high power variable attenuators comprising one or more transmissive and/or reflective multilayer dielectric filters. The attenuator is particularly suitable to use with unpolarized lasers such as excimer lasers. Beam attenuation is a function of beam polarization and the angle of incidence between the beam and the filter and is controlled by adjusting the angle of incidence the beam makes to the filter or filters. Filters are selected in accordance with beam wavelength. 9 figs.
Foltyn, S.R.
Jets with Variable R
We introduce a new class of jet algorithms designed to return conical jets with a variable Delta R radius. A specific example, in which Delta R scales as 1/pT, proves particularly useful in capturing the kinematic features of a wide variety of hard scattering processes. We implement this Delta R scaling in a sequential recombination algorithm and test it by reconstructing resonance masses and kinematic endpoints. These test cases show 10-20% improvements in signal efficiency compared to fixed Delta R algorithms. We also comment on cuts useful in reducing continuum jet backgrounds.
David Krohn; Jesse Thaler; Lian-Tao Wang
Climate Variability, Fish, and Fisheries
Fish population variability and fisheries activities are closely linked to weather and climate dynamics. While weather at sea directly affects fishing, environmental variability determines the distribution, migration, and abundance of fish. ...
P. Lehodey; J. Alheit; M. Barange; T. Baumgartner; G. Beaugrand; K. Drinkwater; J.-M. Fromentin; S. R. Hare; G. Ottersen; R. I. Perry; C. Roy; C. D. van der Lingen; F. Werner
Colorado River Basin Hydroclimatic Variability
An analysis of annual hydroclimatic variability in the Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) for the period of 1906�2006 was performed to understand the dominant modes of multidecadal variability. First, wavelet-based spectral analysis was employed ...
Kenneth Nowak; Martin Hoerling; Balaji Rajagopalan; Edith Zagona
Solar Irradiance Variability
The Sun has long been considered a constant star, to the extent that its total irradiance was termed the solar constant. It required radiometers in space to detect the small variations in solar irradiance on timescales of the solar rotation and the solar cycle. A part of the difficulty is that there are no other constant natural daytime sources to which the Sun's brightness can be compared. The discovery of solar irradiance variability rekindled a long-running discussion on how strongly the Sun affects our climate. A non-negligible influence is suggested by correlation studies between solar variability and climate indicators. The mechanism for solar irradiance variations that fits the observations best is that magnetic features at the solar surface, i.e. sunspots, faculae and the magnetic network, are responsible for almost all variations (although on short timescales convection and p-mode oscillations also contribute). In spite of significant progress important questions are still open. Thus there is a debat...
Solanki, Sami K
Gamma Radiation Dose Rate in Air due to Terrestrial Radionuclides in Southern Brazil: Synthesis by Geological Units and Lithotypes Covered by the Serra do Mar Sul Aero-Geophysical Project
The absorbed dose rates in air due to terrestrial radionuclides were estimated from aerial gamma spectrometric data for an area of 48,600 km{sup 2} in Southern Brazil. The source data was the Serra do Mar Sul Aero-Geophysical Project back-calibrated in a cooperative work among the Geological Survey of Brazil, the Geological Survey of Canada, and Paterson, Grant and Watson Ltd. The concentrations of eU (ppm), eTh (ppm) and K (%) were converted to dose rates in air (nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}) by accounting for the contribution of each element's concentration. Regional variation was interpreted according to lithotypes and a synthesis was performed according to the basic geological units present in the area. Higher values of total dose were estimated for felsic igneous and metamorphic rocks, with average values varying up to 119{+-}24 nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}, obtained by Anitapolis syenite body. Sedimentary, metasedimentary and metamafic rocks presented the lower dose levels, and some beach deposits reached the lowest average total dose, 18.5{+-}8.2 nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}. Thorium gives the main average contribution in all geological units, the highest value being reached by the nebulitic gneisses of Atuba Complex, 71{+-}23 nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}. Potassium presents the lowest average contribution to dose rate in 53 of the 72 units analyzed, the highest contribution being obtained by intrusive alkaline bodies (28{+-}12 nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}). The general pattern of geographic dose distribution respects well the hypotheses on geo-physicochemical behavior of radioactive elements.
Bastos, Rodrigo O.; Appoloni, Carlos R. [Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory-Department of Physics-CCE State University of Londrina Campus Universitario-Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid s/n, Cx. Postal 6001, CEP 86051-990, Londrina, PR (Brazil); Pinese, Jose P. P. [Department of Geosciences-CCE State University of Londrina Campus Universitario-Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid s/n, Cx. Postal 6001, CEP 86051-990, Londrina, PR (Brazil)
Scalable analysis of variable software
The advent of variability management and generator technology enables users to derive individual variants from a variable code base based on a selection of desired configuration options. This approach gives rise to the generation of possibly billions ... Keywords: C Preprocessor, Liveness Analysis, Software Product Lines, Type Checking, Variability-aware Analysis
J�rg Liebig; Alexander von Rhein; Christian K�stner; Sven Apel; Jens D�rre; Christian Lengauer
Symmetrization Of Binary Random Variables
A random variable Y is called an independent symmetrizer of a given random variable X if (a) it is independent of X and (b) the distribution of X Y is symmetric about 0. In cases where the distribution of X is symmetric about its mean, it is easy to see that the constant random variable Y is a minimum-variance independent symmetrizer. Taking
Abram Kagan; Colin Mallows; Larry Shepp; Robert J. Vanderbei; Yehuda Vardi
Variability within Modeling Language Definitions
We present a taxonomy of the variability mechanisms offered by modeling languages. The definition of a formal language encompasses a syntax and a semantic domain as well as the mapping that relates them, thus language variabilities are classified according ... Keywords: Modeling languages, UML, formal semantics, variability
Mar�a Victoria Cengarle; Hans Gr�nniger; Bernhard Rumpe
Development of statistical wet weather model to evaluate frictional properties at the pavement-tire interface on hot mix asphalt concrete
Skid resistance on wet pavements is influenced by friction at the tire-pavement interface as well as overall hot mix asphalt (HMA) performance. It is important to control aggregate, asphalt, and mix properties to achieve desirable frictional properties on HMA during its service life. Aggregate consensus and source properties influence frictional properties at the surface as well as aggregate matrix properties that affect overall skid performance. Thus, it is important to identify and control these properties through an effective testing and monitoring program. Research studies have indicated that current testing protocol for pre-qualification of aggregates being used by DOT's is tenuous and needs definitive evaluation. The validity of some tests currently being used for pre-qualification of aggregates is being questioned due to poor field correlation. Thus, there is a need for upgrading current testing criteria and aggregate classification system in view of new techniques that can be used either as replacements and/or supplements to current tests. This study, a part of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) current research program to evaluate inadequacies of current tests to skid performance, focuses on tests evaluating aggregate shape and distribution parameters. In this study, a wet weather test selection criteria was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of current and new testing techniques to monitor aggregate shape, texture, and distribution characteristics. Extensive tests were conducted on forty aggregates selected from TxDOT Quality Material Catalogue covering various parts of U.S.A. Fine aggregates tests including the Uncompacted Void Content, the Compacted Aggregate Resistance, the Methylene Blue, and the Particle Size Analysis were performed to evaluate angularity, texture, and distribution characteristics within fine aggregates. Flat and elongated tests on coarse aggregates were also performed using both conventional and automated techniques to analyze shape and size distribution characteristics. A statistical analysis was performed to select tests that would enable monitoring of aggregate shape and distribution properties enhancing skid performance. The evaluation criteria were based upon a sensitivity and correlation analysis to evaluate consistency, reproducibility, and ability of tests to effectively discern aggregates with good and marginal performance.
Bedi, Harpreet
This patent relates to a pulse generator and more particularly to a time interval generator wherein the time interval between pulses is precisely determined. The variable time generator comprises two oscillators with one having a variable frequency output and the other a fixed frequency output. A frequency divider is connected to the variable oscillator for dividing its frequency by a selected factor and a counter is used for counting the periods of the fixed oscillator occurring during a cycle of the divided frequency of the variable oscillator. This defines the period of the variable oscillator in terms of that of the fixed oscillator. A circuit is provided for selecting as a time interval a predetermined number of periods of the variable oscillator. The output of the generator consists of a first pulse produced by a trigger circuit at the start of the time interval and a second pulse marking the end of the time interval produced by the same trigger circuit.
Gross, J.E.
CDIAC Climate Data: Available Variables
Climate Variables Available in CDIAC Data Products Temperature Precipitation Cloudiness Sunshine Duration Snowfall and Snow Depth Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Moisture Surface...
AeroVironment Inc | Open Energy Information
unmanned aerial vehicles, energy efficient technology systems, electric vehicles, support infrastructure and renewable energy systems. Coordinates 6.30077, -10.79716 Loading...
On Sub-ENSO Variability
Multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) of surface zonal wind, sea surface temperature (SST), 20� isotherm depth, and surface zonal current observations (between 1990 and 2004) identifies three coupled ocean�atmosphere modes of variability ...
Noel S. Keenlyside; Mojib Latif; Anke D�rkop
Interannual Variability of the Global Radiation Budget
Interannual variability of the global radiation budget, regions that contribute to its variability, and what limits albedo variability are investigated using Clouds and the Earth�s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data taken from March 2000 through ...
Seiji Kato
Variable focal length deformable mirror
A variable focal length deformable mirror has an inner ring and an outer ring that simply support and push axially on opposite sides of a mirror plate. The resulting variable clamping force deforms the mirror plate to provide a parabolic mirror shape. The rings are parallel planar sections of a single paraboloid and can provide an on-axis focus, if the rings are circular, or an off-axis focus, if the rings are elliptical. The focal length of the deformable mirror can be varied by changing the variable clamping force. The deformable mirror can generally be used in any application requiring the focusing or defocusing of light, including with both coherent and incoherent light sources.
Headley, Daniel (Albuquerque, NM); Ramsey, Marc (Albuquerque, NM); Schwarz, Jens (Albuquerque, NM)
Operating Reserves and Variable Generation
This report tries to first generalize the requirements of the power system as it relates to the needs of operating reserves. It also includes a survey of operating reserves and how they are managed internationally in system operations today and then how new studies and research are proposing they may be managed in the future with higher penetrations of variable generation.
Ela, E.; Milligan, M.; Kirby, B.
Massive Variability Surveys from Venezuela
At the Venezuela National Astronomical Observatory we are carrying out variability surveys spanning many hundreds of square degrees near the celestial equator, using an 8k x 8k CCD Mosaic Camera optimized for drift-scanning on a 1m Schmidt telescope. Among the initial efforts was a project to obtain the first moderately deep, homogeneous sample of young stars over an area of ? 180sqr.deg. encompassing the entire Orion OB1 association, one of the nearest and most active regions of star formation. The results show that variability is a powerful technique to identify pre-main sequence populations, specially in sparse areas devoid of gas and dust. We are currently developing a massive database, equipped with web-based data mining tools, that will make our data and results available to the astronomical community. 1.
C. D. Impey; C. E. Petry; C�sar Brice�o
At the Venezuela National Astronomical Observatory we are carrying out variability surveys spanning many hundreds of square degrees near the celestial equator, using an 8k x 8k CCD Mosaic Camera optimized for drift-scanning on a 1m Schmidt telescope. Among the initial efforts was a project to obtain the first moderately deep, homogeneous sample of young stars over an area of ~180sqr.deg. encompassing the entire Orion OB1 association, one of the nearest and most active regions of star formation. The results show that variability is a powerful technique to identify pre-main sequence populations, specially in sparse areas devoid of gas and dust. We are currently developing a massive database, equipped with web-based data mining tools, that will make our data and results available to the astronomical community.
Brice�o, C
Cesar Briceno
Lecture 2227 Continuous Random Variables
-x/100 dx = -e-x/100 100 0 = 1 - e-1 = .632 text typo Example 3 (Light Bulb): The lifetime X, in hours, of a certain kind of light bulb is a continuous random variable with density f(x) = 1500 x2 I(1500,) Check = 1 4 = p Let B denote the number of failures before 2000 hours among 5 light bulbs. Then P(B 1) = P
Scholz, Fritz
) = 100 0 1 100 e-x/100 dx = -e-x/100 100 0 = 1 - e-1 = .632 text typo Example 3 (Light Bulb): The lifetime X, in hours, of a certain kind of light bulb is a continuous random variable with density f 2000 1500 = 1 - 3 4 = 1 4 = p Let B denote the number of failures before 2000 hours among 5 light bulbs
Modeling the Effect of Land Surface Evaporation Variability on Precipitation Variability. Part I: General Response
This is the first of a two-part article that investigates the impact of land surface evaporation variability on the interannual variability of precipitation and compares it with the impact caused by sea surface temperature variability. Previous ...
Oreste Reale; Paul Dirmeyer
Quantum computation and hidden variables
Many physicists limit oneself to an instrumentalist description of quantum phenomena and ignore the problems of foundation and interpretation of quantum mechanics. This instrumentalist approach results to "specialization barbarism" and mass delusion concerning the problem, how a quantum computer can be made. The idea of quantum computation can be described within the limits of quantum formalism. But in order to understand how this idea can be put into practice one should realize the question: "What could the quantum formalism describe?", in spite of the absence of an universally recognized answer. Only a realization of this question and the undecided problem of quantum foundations allows to see in which quantum systems the superposition and EPR correlation could be expected. Because of the "specialization barbarism" many authors are sure that Bell proved full impossibility of any hidden-variables interpretation. Therefore it is important to emphasize that in reality Bell has restricted to validity limits of the no- hidden-variables proof and has shown that two-state quantum system can be described by hidden variables. The later means that no experimental result obtained on two-state quantum system can prove the existence of superposition and violation of the realism. One should not assume before unambiguous experimental evidence that any two-state quantum system is quantum bit. No experimental evidence of superposition of macroscopically distinct quantum states and of a quantum bit on base of superconductor structure was obtained for the present. Moreover same experimental results can not be described in the limits of the quantum formalism.
V. V. Aristov; A. V. Nikulov
Nonferromagnetic linear variable differential transformer
A nonferromagnetic linear variable differential transformer for accurately measuring mechanical displacements in the presence of high magnetic fields is provided. The device utilizes a movable primary coil inside a fixed secondary coil that consists of two series-opposed windings. Operation is such that the secondary output voltage is maintained in phase (depending on polarity) with the primary voltage. The transducer is well-suited to long cable runs and is useful for measuring small displacements in the presence of high or alternating magnetic fields.
Ellis, James F. (Powell, TN); Walstrom, Peter L. (Oak Ridge, TN)
We present variability analysis of data from the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS). Using the clustering method, which defines variable candidates as outliers from large clusters, we cluster 16,189,040 light curves having data points at more than 15 epochs as variable and non-variable candidates in 638 NSVS fields. Variable candidates are selected depending on how strongly they are separated from the largest cluster and how rarely they are grouped together in eight-dimensional space spanned by variability indices. All NSVS light curves are also cross-correlated with IRAS, AKARI, Two Micron All Sky Survey, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and GALEX objects, as well as known objects in the SIMBAD database. The variability analysis and cross-correlation results are provided in a public online database, which can be used to select interesting objects for further investigation. Adopting conservative selection criteria for variable candidates, we find about 1.8 million light curves as possible variable candidates in the NSVS data, corresponding to about 10% of our entire NSVS sample. Multi-wavelength colors help us find specific types of variability among the variable candidates. Moreover, we also use morphological classification from other surveys such as SDSS to suppress spurious cases caused by blending objects or extended sources due to the low angular resolution of the NSVS.
Shin, Min-Su [Department of Astronomy, The University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Yi, Hahn; Kim, Dae-Won; Chang, Seo-Won [Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of); Byun, Yong-Ik, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Astronomy and University Observatory, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea, Republic of)
Thermocline Variability in Different Dynamic Regions
The response of thermocline circulation to a variable wind forcing is investigated with quasigeostrophic models. The physical mechanism responsible for the different variability features in various dynamic regions has been highlighted. Special ...
Zhengye Liu
Sources of Variability of Evapotranspiration in California
The variability (1990�2002) of potential evapotranspiration estimates (ETo) and related meteorological variables from a set of stations from the California Irrigation Management System (CIMIS) is studied. Data from the National Climatic Data ...
Hugo G. Hidalgo; Daniel R. Cayan; Michael D. Dettinger
Incremental Closure of Free Variable Tableaux
This paper presents a technique for automated theorem proving with free variable tableaux that does not require backtracking. Most existing automated proof procedures using free variable tableaux require iterative deepening and backtracking over applied ...
Martin Giese
Variable frequency microwave furnace system
A variable frequency microwave furnace system designed to allow modulation of the frequency of the microwaves introduced into a furnace cavity for testing or other selected applications. The variable frequency microwave furnace system includes a microwave signal generator or microwave voltage-controlled oscillator for generating a low-power microwave signal for input to the microwave furnace. A first amplifier may be provided to amplify the magnitude of the signal output from the microwave signal generator or the microwave voltage-controlled oscillator. A second amplifier is provided for processing the signal output by the first amplifier. The second amplifier outputs the microwave signal input to the furnace cavity. In the preferred embodiment, the second amplifier is a traveling-wave tube (TWT). A power supply is provided for operation of the second amplifier. A directional coupler is provided for detecting the direction of a signal and further directing the signal depending on the detected direction. A first power meter is provided for measuring the power delivered to the microwave furnace. A second power meter detects the magnitude of reflected power. Reflected power is dissipated in the reflected power load. 5 figs.
Bible, D.W.; Lauf, R.J.
Variable Average Absolute Percent Differences
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Variable Variable Average Absolute Percent Differences Percent of Projections Over- Estimated Gross Domestic Product Real Gross Domestic Product (Average Cumulative Growth)* (Table 2) 1.0 42.6 Petroleum Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil (Constant $) (Table 3a) 35.2 18.6 Imported Refiner Acquisition Cost of Crude Oil (Nominal $) (Table 3b) 34.7 19.7 Total Petroleum Consumption (Table 4) 6.2 66.5 Crude Oil Production (Table 5) 6.0 59.6 Petroleum Net Imports (Table 6) 13.3 67.0 Natural Gas Natural Gas Wellhead Prices (Constant $) (Table 7a) 30.7 26.1 Natural Gas Wellhead Prices (Nominal $) (Table 7b) 30.0 27.1 Total Natural Gas Consumption (Table 8) 7.8 70.2 Natural Gas Production (Table 9) 7.1 66.0 Natural Gas Net Imports (Table 10) 29.3 69.7 Coal Coal Prices to Electric Generating Plants (Constant $)** (Table 11a)
Studies on selection of controlled variables
Studies on selection of controlled variables by Vidar Alstad A Thesis Submitted for the Degree. Thus, the selection of controlled variables integrates the optimization and the control layer. Selecting the right controlled variables can be of paramount importance. Many chem ical processes
Skogestad, Sigurd
Studies on selection of controlled variables by Vidar Alstad A Thesis Submitted for the Degree. Thus, the selection of controlled variables integrates the optimization and the control layer. Selecting the right controlled variables can be of paramount importance. Many chem- ical processes
Adaptive sampling for Bayesian variable selection
Adaptive sampling for Bayesian variable selection DAVID J. NOTT Department of Statistics for variable selection and for dealing with model un- certainty have become increasingly popular in recent consider adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo schemes for Bayesian variable selection in Gaussian linear
Blennerhassett, Peter
Variable ratio regenerative braking device
Disclosed is a regenerative braking device (10) for an automotive vehicle. The device includes an energy storage assembly (12) having a plurality of rubber rollers (26, 28) mounted for rotation between an input shaft (36) and an output shaft (42), clutches (38, 46) and brakes (40, 48) associated with each shaft, and a continuously variable transmission (22) connectable to a vehicle drivetrain and to the input and output shafts by the respective clutches. The rubber rollers are torsionally stressed to accumulate energy from the vehicle when the input shaft is clutched to the transmission while the brake on the output shaft is applied, and are torsionally relaxed to deliver energy to the vehicle when the output shaft is clutched to the transmission while the brake on the input shaft is applied. The transmission ratio is varied to control the rate of energy accumulation and delivery for a given rotational speed of the vehicle drivetrain.
Hoppie, Lyle O. (Birmingham, MI)
Variable residence time vortex combustor
A variable residence time vortex combustor including a primary combustion chamber for containing a combustion vortex, and a plurality of louvres peripherally disposed about the primary combustion chamber and longitudinally distributed along its primary axis. The louvres are inclined to impel air about the primary combustion chamber to cool its interior surfaces and to impel air inwardly to assist in driving the combustion vortex in a first rotational direction and to feed combustion in the primary combustion chamber. The vortex combustor also includes a second combustion chamber having a secondary zone and a narrowed waist region in the primary combustion chamber interconnecting the output of the primary combustion chamber with the secondary zone for passing only lower density particles and trapping higher density particles in the combustion vortex in the primary combustion chamber for substantial combustion.
Melconian, Jerry O. (76 Beaver Rd., Reading, MA 01867)
Rapid Oscillations in Cataclysmic Variables
I give an overview of the rich phenomenology of dwarf nova oscillations (DNOs) and Quasi-periodic Oscillations (QPOs) observed in cataclysmic variable stars (CVs). The favoured interpretation of these rapid brightness modulations (3 - >1000 s time scales) is that they are magnetic in nature - magnetically channelled accretion from the inner accretion disc for DNOs and possible magnetically excited travelling waves in the disc for QPOs. There is increasing evidence for the magnetic aspects, which extend to lower field the well known properties of strong field (polars) and intermediate strength field (intermediate polars) CVs. The result is that almost all CVs show the presence of magnetic fields on their white dwarf primaries - though for many the intrinsic field may be locally enhanced by the accretion process itself. There are many parallel behaviours with the QPOs seen in X-Ray binaries, with high and low frequency X-Ray QPOs resembling respectively the DNOs and QPOs in CVs.
Brian Warner
Hard X-ray Variability of AGN
Aims: Active Galactic Nuclei are known to be variable throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. An energy domain poorly studied in this respect is the hard X-ray range above 20 keV. Methods: The first 9 months of the Swift/BAT all-sky survey are used to study the 14 - 195 keV variability of the 44 brightest AGN. The sources have been selected due to their detection significance of >10 sigma. We tested the variability using a maximum likelihood estimator and by analysing the structure function. Results: Probing different time scales, it appears that the absorbed AGN are more variable than the unabsorbed ones. The same applies for the comparison of Seyfert 2 and Seyfert 1 objects. As expected the blazars show stronger variability. 15% of the non-blazar AGN show variability of >20% compared to the average flux on time scales of 20 days, and 30% show at least 10% flux variation. All the non-blazar AGN which show strong variability are low-luminosity objects with L(14-195 keV) < 1E44 erg/sec. Conclusions: Concerning the variability pattern, there is a tendency of unabsorbed or type 1 galaxies being less variable than the absorbed or type 2 objects at hardest X-rays. A more solid anti-correlation is found between variability and luminosity, which has been previously observed in soft X-rays, in the UV, and in the optical domain.
V. Beckmann; S. D. Barthelmy; T. J. -L. Courvoisier; N. Gehrels; S. Soldi; J. Tueller; G. Wendt
NERC Presentation: Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation...
high levels of variable electricity eneration. Variable resources are types of electric power generation that rely on an uncontrolled, "variable" fuel (e.g. wind, sunlight,...
The use of 'race' as a variable in biomedical research
a variable in biomedical research but mainly to monitor thea Variable in Biomedical Research A dissertation submittedVariable in Biomedical Research����. Manifest, Operative and
Efstathiou, Sophia
Definition: Variable Peak Pricing | Open Energy Information
Variable Peak Pricing Variable Peak Pricing Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Variable Peak Pricing Variable Peak Pricing (VPP) is a hybrid of time-of-use and real-time pricing where the different periods for pricing are defined in advance (e.g., on-peak=6 hours for summer weekday afternoon; off-peak= all other hours in the summer months), but the price established for the on-peak period varies by utility and market conditions.[1] Related Terms real-time pricing References ↑ https://www.smartgrid.gov/category/technology/variable_peak_pricing [[C LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ategory: Smart Grid Definitionssmart grid,off-peak,on-peak,smart grid, |Template:BASEPAGENAME]]smart grid,off-peak,on-peak,smart grid, Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Variable_Peak_Pricing&oldid=50262
Monitoring of Photovoltaic Plant Output and Variability
The performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems, including variability characteristics, is of increasing interest to utilities as they integrate more solar energy onto the electric grid. This study is part of a multi-year research series to investigate influencing factors that affect PV plant output, variability, and approaches to system management. It explores PV variability both from a grid perspective and through examination of project design aspects that can affect annual power production. ...
Natural Gas Variability In California: Environmental Impacts...
Natural Gas Variability In California: Environmental Impacts And Device Performance, Combustion Modeling of Pollutant Emissions From a Residential Cooking Range Title Natural Gas...
NREL: Transmission Grid Integration - Variability of Renewable...
as variable generation sources because their electricity production varies based on the availability of wind and sun. However, they are not the only source of variation in a...
Variable-Period Undulators for Synchrotron Radiation
A new and improved undulator design is provided that enables a variable period length for the production of synchrotron radiation from both medium-energy and high energy storage rings. The variable period length is achieved using a staggered array of pole pieces made up of high permeability material, permanent magnet material, or an electromagnetic structure. The pole pieces are separated by a variable width space. The sum of the variable width space and the pole width would therefore define the period of the undulator. Features and advantages of the invention include broad photon energy tunability, constant power operation and constant brilliance operation.
Shenoy, Gopal; Lewellen, John; Shu, Deming; Vinokurov, Nikolai
Envera Variable Compression Ratio Engine
Aggressive engine downsizing, variable compression ratio and use of the Atkinson cycle are being combined to improve fuel economy by up to 40 percent relative to port fuel injected gasoline engines, while maintaining full engine power. Approach Engine downsizing is viewed by US and foreign automobile manufacturers as one of the best options for improving fuel economy. While this strategy has already demonstrated a degree of success, downsizing and fuel economy gains are currently limited. With new variable compression ratio technology however, the degree of engine downsizing and fuel economy improvement can be greatly increased. A small variable compression ratio (VCR) engine has the potential to return significantly higher vehicle fuel economy while also providing high power. Affordability and potential for near term commercialization are key attributes of the Envera VCR engine. VCR Technology To meet torque and power requirements, a smaller engine needs to do more work per stroke. This is typically accomplished by boosting the incoming charge with either a turbo or supercharger so that more energy is present in the cylinder per stroke to do the work. With current production engines the degree of engine boosting (which correlates to downsizing) is limited by detonation (combustion knock) at high boost levels. Additionally, the turbo or supercharger needs to be responsive and efficient while providing the needed boost. VCR technology eliminates the limitation of engine knock at high load levels by reducing compression ratio to {approx}9:1 (or whatever level is appropriate) when high boost pressures are needed. By reducing the compression ratio during high load demand periods there is increased volume in the cylinder at top dead center (TDC) which allows more charge (or energy) to be present in the cylinder without increasing the peak pressure. Cylinder pressure is thus kept below the level at which the engine would begin to knock. When loads on the engine are low the compression ratio can be raised (to as much as 18:1) providing high engine efficiency. It is important to recognize that for a well designed VCR engine cylinder pressure does not need to be higher than found in current production turbocharged engines. As such, there is no need for a stronger crankcase, bearings and other load bearing parts within the VCR engine. The Envera VCR mechanism uses an eccentric carrier approach to adjust engine compression ratio. The crankshaft main bearings are mounted in this eccentric carrier or 'crankshaft cradle' and pivoting the eccentric carrier 30 degrees adjusts compression ratio from 9:1 to 18:1. The eccentric carrier is made up of a casting that provides rigid support for the main bearings, and removable upper bearing caps. Oil feed to the main bearings transits through the bearing cap fastener sockets. The eccentric carrier design was chosen for its low cost and rigid support of the main bearings. A control shaft and connecting links are used to pivot the eccentric carrier. The control shaft mechanism features compression ratio lock-up at minimum and maximum compression ratio settings. The control shaft method of pivoting the eccentric carrier was selected due to its lock-up capability. The control shaft can be rotated by a hydraulic actuator or an electric motor. The engine shown in Figures 3 and 4 has a hydraulic actuator that was developed under the current program. In-line 4-cylinder engines are significantly less expensive than V engines because an entire cylinder head can be eliminated. The cost savings from eliminating cylinders and an entire cylinder head will notably offset the added cost of the VCR and supercharging. Replacing V6 and V8 engines with in-line VCR 4-cylinder engines will provide high fuel economy at low cost. Numerous enabling technologies exist which have the potential to increase engine efficiency. The greatest efficiency gains are realized when the right combination of advanced and new technologies are packaged together to provide the greatest gains at the least cost. Aggressive engine downsiz
Charles Mendler
Variable orifice using an iris shutter
A variable orifice forming mechanism utilizing an iris shutter arrangement adapted to control gas flow, conductance in vacuum systems, as a heat shield for furnace windows, as a beam shutter in sputtering operations, and in any other application requiring periodic or continuously-variable control of material, gas, or fluid flow.
Beeman, Raymond (El Cerrito, CA); Brajkovich, Steven J. (Fremont, CA)
Gradient based variable forgetting factor RLS algorithm
An accurate new variable forgetting factor recursive least-square adaptive algorithm is derived. An improved mean square behaviour analysis is presented, which shows that the theoretical analysis and the simulation results are close to each other. The ... Keywords: RLS algorithm, adaptive filters, variable forgetting factor
C. F. So; S. C. Ng; S. H. Leung
Internal Variability of Indian Ocean SST
A 40-yr integration of an eddy-resolving numerical model of the tropical Indian Ocean is analyzed to quantify the interannual variability that is caused by the internal variability of ocean dynamics. It is found that along the equator in the ...
Markus Jochum; Raghu Murtugudde
Grassmann Variables in Jordan Matrix Models
Here we demonstrate the emergence of Grassmann variables in matrix models based on the exceptional Jordan algebra. The Grassmann algebras are built naturally using the octonion algebra. We argue the appearance of Grassmann variables solidifies the relationship between supersymmetry and triality.
Michael Rios
THE MULTI-USE STEINEL VARIABLE TEMPERATURE ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED HEAT GUNTEMPERATURE RANGE 212 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS. DO NOT USE FOR: · Heating gas engines · Heating car batteries · Thawing refrigerator equipment Specifications Temperature Variable from 212° F to 1100° F Watts 1500W Weight 1.5 lbs. Supply
Kleinfeld, David
THE MULTI-USE STEINEL VARIABLE TEMPERATURE ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED HEAT GUNTEMPERATURE RANGE 212 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS. DO NOT USE FOR: · Heating gas engines · Heating car batteries · Thawing refrigerator equipment Specifications Temperature Variable from 212" F to 1100° F Watts 1500W Weight 1.5 lbs. Supply
Bond Graph Modeling Of Variable Structure Systems
The problem of describing variable structure models in a compact, object--oriented fashion is revisited and analyzed from the perspective of bond graph modeling. Traditionally, bond graphs have always been used to describe continuous-- time physical processes with a fixed structure. Yet, this paper shall demonstrate that bond graphs are equally suitable to describe variable structure models as fixed structure models. Moreover, a bond graph description of variable structure models can teach us a lot about the essential properties of variable structure models, properties that are not easily visible when other modeling approaches are taken. The paper discusses issues related to causality reassignment and conditional index changes as a consequence of switching in a physical system. Keywords: Bond graphs, variable structure system, computational causality, conditional index change, switching, object--oriented modeling, Dymola. INTRODUCTION When the causality strokes were added to the forme...
Fran�ois E. Cellier; Martin Otter; Hilding Elmqvist
Energy Savings of Variable Speed Motors
This paper investigates the energy savings available by utilizing variable speed motors on pump and fan applications. Conventional control of flow or pressure in process plants is normally accomplished by throttling the various streams with control valves. Depending on the system and the actual operating conditions, this throttling may consume a considerable amount of energy. The hydraulics of different systems are investigated to generalize high energy saving applications. Typical pump characteristics at varying speeds are investigated since most performance curves are only available at a constant speed. The various types of variable speed electric motors are discussed. However, the primary variable speed system recommended is a variable frequency speed system which utilizes standard induction motors. Specific cases of centrifugal pump applications and cooling tower fan service are presented. Turndown frequencies, stream factors, and electric rates are included in the evaluation. The energy savings of a variable speed system becomes significant when flow rates vary widely and the electrical rates are high.
Fishel, F. D.
Nine New Variable Stars in Camelopardalis
Nine new short period variable stars have been discovered in the direction of the open cluster Cr464 in Camelopardalis. The field was observed using Tzec Maun Observatory's telescope AP180. Two new variable stars were classified as pulsating stars (RRab and RRc types). The other seven stars are binary systems. One of them is of ELL-type, four binaries were recognized as EW-type, and two systems are rather short period EA-type binaries. All new variables were registered in the VSX catalogue.
Virnina, Natalia A
Weather Noise Forcing of Surface Climate Variability
A model-based method to evaluate the role of weather noise forcing of low-frequency variability of surface properties, including SST, surface currents, land surface temperature, and soil moisture, is presented. In this procedure, an �interactive ...
Edwin K. Schneider; Meizhu Fan
Experiments Concerning Variability among Subjective Analyses
The variability of subjective (hand) analyses is explored by examining the results of two synoptic laboratory experiments. Two groups of analysts participated in the first experiment, one consisting of 13 senior meteorology students (1977), the ...
Dayton G. Vincent; Herbert Borenstein
Variable volume architecture : expanding the boundary
Research into the creation of a Variable Volume Architecture is explored through a series of proposals and projects. An argument is established to develop the means and methods of achieving an architecture of transformation. ...
Saheba, Asheshh (Asheshh Mohit), 1972-
Variability of EGRET Gamma-Ray Sources
The variability of the high-energy gamma ray sources in the Third EGRET catalog is analyzed by a new method. We re-analyze the EGRET data to calculate a likelihood function for the flux of each source in each observation, both for detections and upper limits. These functions can be combined in a uniform manner with a simple model of the flux distribution to characterize the flux variation by a confidence interval for the relative standard deviation of the flux. The main result is a table of these values for almost all the cataloged sources. As expected, the identified pulsars are steady emitters and the blazars are mostly highly variable. The unidentified sources are heterogeneous, with greater variation at higher Galactic latitude. There is an indication that pulsar wind nebulae are associated with variable sources. There is a population of variable sources along the Galactic plane, concentrated in the inner spiral arms.
P. L. Nolan; W. F. Tompkins; I. A. Grenier; P. F. Michelson
Interannual Variability of Northwest Australian Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the southeast Indian Ocean has been studied far less than other TC basins, such as the North Atlantic and northwest Pacific. The authors examine the interannual TC variability of the northwest Australian (NWAUS)...
Kevin H. Goebbert; Lance M. Leslie
Variability of Southern Ocean Jets Near Topography
The interaction of jets with topography in the Southern Ocean is investigated using 19 years of altimetry data. In particular, the �jet jumping� mode of variability, by which two or more jets passing close to the same topographic feature show ...
Christopher C. Chapman; Rosemary Morrow
Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: Challenges and Solutions
LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.govpublications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Integrating Variable...
Climate Variability and Sugarcane Yield in Louisiana
This paper seeks to understand the role that climate variability has on annual yield of sugarcane in Louisiana. Unique features of sugarcane growth in Louisiana and nonclimatic, yield-influencing factors make this goal an interesting and ...
David Greenland
Backscatter Differential Phase�Estimation and Variability
On the basis of simulations and observations made with polarimetric radars operating at X, C, and S bands, the backscatter differential phase ? has been explored; ? has been identified as an important polarimetric variable that should not be ...
Silke Tr�mel; Matthew R. Kumjian; Alexander V. Ryzhkov; Clemens Simmer; Malte Diederich
Tropical Convective Variability as 1/f Noise
Evidence is presented that the tropical convective variability behaves as 1/f noise for a 1�30-day period. This behavior is shown by analyzing the time series of convective available potential energy, which measures the degree of convective ...
Jun-Ichi Yano; Klaus Fraedrich; Richard Blender
Spatial Variability of Outgoing Longwave Radiation
Data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment scanning radiometer aboard the NOAA-9 operational meteorological satellite are used to investigate the spatial variability of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Daily and monthly radiation maps at ...
G. Louis Smith; David Rutan
Optimizing Crop Insurance under Climate Variability
This paper studies the selection of optimal crop insurance under climate variability and fluctuating market prices. A model was designed to minimize farmers� expected losses (including insurance costs) while using the conditional-value-at-risk ...
Juan Liu; Chunhua Men; Victor E. Cabrera; Stan Uryasev; Clyde W. Fraisse
Dirac equation in terms of hydrodynamic variables
The distributed system $\\mathcal{S}_D$ described by the Dirac equation is investigated simply as a dynamic system, i.e. without usage of quantum principles. The Dirac equation is described in terms of hydrodynamic variables: 4-flux $j^{i}$, pseudo-vector of the spin $S^{i}$, an action $\\hbar \\phi $ and a pseudo-scalar $\\kappa $. In the quasi-uniform approximation, when all transversal derivatives (orthogonal to the flux vector $j^i$) are small, the system $\\mathcal{S}_D$ turns to a statistical ensemble of classical concentrated systems $\\mathcal{S}_{dc}$. Under some conditions the classical system $\\mathcal{S}_{dc}$ describes a classical pointlike particle moving in a given electromagnetic field. In general, the world line of the particle is a helix, even if the electromagnetic field is absent. Both dynamic systems $\\mathcal{S}_D$ and $\\mathcal{S}_{dc}$ appear to be non-relativistic in the sense that the dynamic equations written in terms of hydrodynamic variables are not relativistically covariant with respect to them, although all dynamic variables are tensors or pseudo-tensors. They becomes relativistically covariant only after addition of a constant unit timelike vector $f^{i}$ which should be considered as a dynamic variable describing a space-time property. This "constant" variable arises instead of $\\gamma $-matrices which are removed by means of zero divizors in the course of the transformation to hydrodynamic variables. It is possible to separate out dynamic variables $\\kappa $, $\\kappa ^i$ responsible for quantum effects. It means that, setting $\\kappa ,\\kappa ^i\\equiv 0$, the dynamic system $\\mathcal{S}_D$ described by the Dirac equation turns to a statistical ensemble $\\mathcal{E}_{Dqu}$ of classical dynamic systems $\\mathcal{S}_{dc}$.
Yuri A. Rylov
Variables et categories grammaticales dans un modele ariane
Toutes tes cat�gories grammaticales utilis�es dans un mod�le de traduction ariane sont formalis�es et cod�es de fa� mn�monique en tant que variables et valeurs de variables. L'ensemble des variables d'un ...
Jean-Phillippe Guilbaud
U.S. Economic Sensitivity to Weather Variability
To estimate the economic effects of weather variability in the United States, the authors define and measure weather sensitivity as the variability in economic output that is attributable to weather variability, accounting for changes in technology and ...
Jeffrey K. Lazo; Megan Lawson; Peter H. Larsen; Donald M. Waldman
Reversible Record Breaking and Variability: Temperature Distributions across the Globe
Based on counts of record highs and lows, and employing reversibility in time, an approach to examining natural variability is proposed. The focus is on intrinsic variability; that is, variance separated from the trend in the mean. A variability ...
Amalia Anderson; Alexander Kostinski
Flight Control Design for Rotorcraft with Variable Rotor Speed.
??Flight control design issues for rotorcraft with variable rotor speed are investigated, and new design methodologies are developed to deal with the challenges of variable� (more)
Guo, Wei
Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual...
Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Development Planning Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Adaptation to Climate Variability and...
2005 RECS Variable Response Code Labels - U.S. Energy ...
7 concrete or concrete block 8 glass 9 other 10 indescribable : 1 . 2005 recs variable response code labels . variable response code label file number* cnfrmhuq .
Variable pressure power cycle and control system
A variable pressure power cycle and control system that is adjustable to a variable heat source is disclosed. The power cycle adjusts itself to the heat source so that a minimal temperature difference is maintained between the heat source fluid and the power cycle working fluid, thereby substantially matching the thermodynamic envelope of the power cycle to the thermodynamic envelope of the heat source. Adjustments are made by sensing the inlet temperature of the heat source fluid and then setting a superheated vapor temperature and pressure to achieve a minimum temperature difference between the heat source fluid and the working fluid.
Goldsberry, Fred L. (Spring, TX)
In the U.S., a number of utilities are adopting higher penetrations of renewables, driven in part by state policies. While power systems have been designed to handle the variable nature of loads, the additional supply-side variability and uncertainty can pose new challenges for utilities and system operators. However, a variety of operational and technical solutions exist to help integrate higher penetrations of wind and solar generation. This paper explores renewable energy integration challenges and mitigation strategies that have been implemented in the U.S. and internationally, including forecasting, demand response, flexible generation, larger balancing areas or balancing area cooperation, and operational practices such as fast scheduling and dispatch.
Bird, L.; Milligan, M.; Lew, D.
Adaptive variable structure control law for a variable speed wind turbine
The efficiency of the wind power conversions systems can be greatly improved using an appropriate control algorithm. In this work, an adaptive robust control for a doubly feed induction generator drive for variable speed wind power generation is described. ... Keywords: modeling and simulation, variable structure control, wind turbine control
Oscar Barambones; Jose Maria Gonzalez De Durana; Patxi Alkorta; Jose Antonio Ramos; Manuel De La Sen
Interannual Variability of Indian Ocean Heat Transport
The work in this paper builds upon the relatively well-studied seasonal cycle of the Indian Ocean heat transport by investigating its interannual variability over a 41-yr period (1958�98). An intermediate, two-and-a-half-layer thermodynamically ...
Galina Chirokova; Peter J. Webster
Variation of Area Variables in Regge Calculus
We consider the possibility to use the areas of two-simplexes, instead of lengths of edges, as the dynamical variables of Regge calculus. We show that if the action of Regge calculus is varied with respect to the areas of two-simplexes, and appropriate constraints are imposed between the variations, the Einstein-Regge equations are recovered.
Jarmo Makela
A strain gage?variable area flowmeter
This article presents a unique hybrid flowmeter that combines the turndown ratio/low resistance benefits of a variable area differential pressure flowmeter with the low component simplicity of a target flowmeter. The design attaches a single element strain gage to the flexural membrane suspended in a fluid flow passage
D. W. Guillaume; D. DeVries
Anatomy of North Pacific Decadal Variability
A systematic analysis of North Pacific decadal variability in a full-physics coupled ocean�atmosphere model is executed. The model is an updated and improved version of the coupled model studied by Latif and Barnett. Evidence is sought for ...
Niklas Schneider; Arthur J. Miller; David W. Pierce
Galactic Variable Sky with EGRET and GLAST
The characteristics of the largely-unidentified Galactic sources of gamma rays that were detected by EGRET are reviewed. Proposed source populations that may have the correct spatial, spectral, luminosity, and variability properties to be the origins of the EGRET sources are also presented. Finally, the prospects for studying Galactic gamma-ray sources with the GLAST LAT are reviewed.
Digel, S.W.; /SLAC
Variables optimization of building air conditioning system
A heating and climatizer system based on selective absorption of solar energy by a selective collector. The experimental study shows that the performance of this system depends on several variables: the nature of the colporteur fluid, the flow of the ... Keywords: heating and climatisation, modelation and optimization, solar energy
Marius-Constantin Popescu; Cornelia Aida Bulucea; Gheorghe Manolea; Cristian Vladu
The Interannual Variability of Tropical Cyclones
This paper examines the interannual variability of tropical cyclones in each of the earth�s cyclone basins using data from 1985 to 2003. The data are first analyzed using a Monte Carlo technique to investigate the long-standing myth that the ...
William M. Frank; George S. Young
Reuse and variability in large software applications
Reuse has always been a major goal in software engineering, since it promises large gains in productivity, quality and time to market reduction. Practical experience has shown that substantial reuse has only successfully happened in two cases: libraries, ... Keywords: AOP, COTS, EAI, MDA, interoperability, model driven software engineering, process driven application, product families, product line, reuse, variability, workflow
Jacky Estublier; German Vega
Cloud service selection based on variability modeling
The selection among Cloud services is a recent problem in research and practice. The diversity of decision-relevant criteria, configurability of Cloud services and the need to involve human decision-makers require holistic support through models, methodologies ... Keywords: cloud service selection, decision-making, feature modeling, variability modeling
Erik Wittern; J�rn Kuhlenkamp; Michael Menzel
Mesoscale Time and Space Wind Variability
The results of a program to study the time and space variability of the wind field below 5 km are presented. Wind data were collected using pilot balloons tracked with the METRAC positioning system. Balloons were launched at 10-30 min intervals ...
W. H. Jasperson
10 X-rays from Cataclysmic Variables
Cataclysmic Variables ? (CVs) are a distinct class of interacting binaries, transferring mass from a donor star to a degenerate accretor, a white dwarf (WD). In all observational determinations, and as is required by theory for stable mass transfer, the donor star is of lower mass than the accretor.
Erik Kuulkers; Andrew Norton; Axel Schwope; Brian Warner
Investigation of determinism in heart rate variability
The article searches for the possible presence of determinism in heart rate variability (HRV) signals by using a new approach based on NARMA (nonlinear autoregressive moving average) modeling and free-run prediction. Thirty-three 256-point HRV time series obtained from Wistar rats submitted to different autonomic blockade protocols are considered
M. E. D. Gomes; A. V. P. Souza; H. N. Guimar�es; L. A. Aguirre
We investigate the use of optical photometric variability to select and identify blazars in large-scale time-domain surveys, in part to aid in the identification of blazar counterparts to the {approx}30% of {gamma}-ray sources in the Fermi 2FGL catalog still lacking reliable associations. Using data from the optical LINEAR asteroid survey, we characterize the optical variability of blazars by fitting a damped random walk model to individual light curves with two main model parameters, the characteristic timescales of variability {tau}, and driving amplitudes on short timescales {sigma}-circumflex. Imposing cuts on minimum {tau} and {sigma}-circumflex allows for blazar selection with high efficiency E and completeness C. To test the efficacy of this approach, we apply this method to optically variable LINEAR objects that fall within the several-arcminute error ellipses of {gamma}-ray sources in the Fermi 2FGL catalog. Despite the extreme stellar contamination at the shallow depth of the LINEAR survey, we are able to recover previously associated optical counterparts to Fermi active galactic nuclei with E {>=} 88% and C = 88% in Fermi 95% confidence error ellipses having semimajor axis r < 8'. We find that the suggested radio counterpart to Fermi source 2FGL J1649.6+5238 has optical variability consistent with other {gamma}-ray blazars and is likely to be the {gamma}-ray source. Our results suggest that the variability of the non-thermal jet emission in blazars is stochastic in nature, with unique variability properties due to the effects of relativistic beaming. After correcting for beaming, we estimate that the characteristic timescale of blazar variability is {approx}3 years in the rest frame of the jet, in contrast with the {approx}320 day disk flux timescale observed in quasars. The variability-based selection method presented will be useful for blazar identification in time-domain optical surveys and is also a probe of jet physics.
Ruan, John J.; Anderson, Scott F.; MacLeod, Chelsea L.; Becker, Andrew C.; Davenport, James R. A.; Ivezic, Zeljko [Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 (United States); Burnett, T. H. [Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1560 (United States); Kochanek, Christopher S. [Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 (United States); Plotkin, Richard M. [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Sesar, Branimir [Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Stuart, J. Scott, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420-9108 (United States)
A Bayesian decision theory approach to variable selection for discrimination
Motivated by examples in spectroscopy, we study variable selection for discrimination in problems with very many predictor variables. Assuming multivariate normal distributions with common variance for the predictor variables within groups, we develop ... Keywords: Bayes, decision theory, discriminant analysis, near infrared spectroscopy, simulated annealing, variable selection
T. Fearn; P. J. Brown; P. Besbeas
Variable selection and ranking for analyzing automobile traffic accident data
Variable ranking and feature selection are important concepts in data mining and machine learning. This paper introduces a new variable ranking technique named Sum Max Gain Ratio (SMGR). The new technique is evaluated within the domain of traffic accident ... Keywords: decision tree, traffic accident data, variable and feature selection, variable ranking
Huanjing Wang; Allen Parrish; Randy K. Smith; Susan Vrbsky
A Brief History of the UM Aero Departmental Retreat
Highlights over the Years The 40's and 50's Guided missiles and rockets Upper atmosphere research;Department Highlights over the Years The 80's and 90's New hires in combustion, controls, structures
Kamat, Vineet R.
Opportunities and Challenges for Advanced Aero Turbine Engine ...
This presentation highlights some leading edge opportunities for materials in gas turbines, and the challenges that these present to materials developers.
Aero-Thermal Performance Testing of Silicon Carbide Flexible TPS ...
... and gas-phase measurements including infrared pyrometry, cold-wall heat flux, total pressure, and ... A Review of Metallic Systems Used in Offshore, Sour Environments: The Effect of ... High-temperature Foam-reinforced Thermal Insulation.
Aero-Engine Business and Material Technologies in Japan
eral percent of the total world market; it is equivalent to about one-ninth of the .... was implemented by the New Energy and Industrial Technology. Development�...
Pages that link to "Aero Turbine" | Open Energy Information
Policies International Clean Energy Analysis Low Emission Development Strategies Oil & Gas Smart Grid Solar U.S. OpenLabs Utilities Water Wind Page Actions View source History...
Changes related to "Aero Turbine" | Open Energy Information
Policies International Clean Energy Analysis Low Emission Development Strategies Oil & Gas Smart Grid Solar U.S. OpenLabs Utilities Water Wind View New Pages Recent Changes All...
Aero/Astro 50th Anniversary May 2008 Sustainable Aviation
, DC. Anonymous, 2005, Montana�?s energy future--and why a proposed ``Fisher-Tropsch'' coalPotential for Coal-to-Liquids Conversion in the United States--FischerTropsch Synthesis Tad W to be at the center of that effort. We calculate that the energy efficiency of the best existing FischerTropsch (FT
Prinz, Friedrich B.
Unusual Failures of Aero-Derivative Combustion Turbines
About this Abstract. Meeting, Materials Science & Technology 2011. Symposium, Failure Analysis and Prevention. Presentation Title, Unusual Failures of�...
Aero?acoustic noise generation of a lawnmower deck
Sound power and dynamic pressure measurements were used to identify where noise is generated by a single spindle lawnmower deck. The sound powermeasurements were performed with different blades and deck profiles to quantify the overall levels. An electric motor was used to turn the blade
Chris Peak
Variables Affecting Economic Development of Wind Energy
Variables Affecting Economic Variables Affecting Economic Development of Wind Energy E. Lantz and S. Tegen National Renewable Energy Laboratory Presented at WINDPOWER 2008 Houston, Texas June 1-4, 2008 Conference Paper NREL/CP-500-43506 July 2008 NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Accordingly, the US Government and MRI retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.
Solar energy: some variables influencing increased utilization
The mid 1970s energy crisis encouraged the growth of alternative fuels. Through the late 1970s and 1980s, solar energy was the primary alternative fuel. Federal and state programs encouraged the growth of residential solar installations through the use of tax credits. This dissertation used data from the eleven western states to assess tax credits' influence on residential solar installations. A Spearman's r was used to evaluate the role of tax credits on the percent increase in solar systems from 1980 to 1984. The r/sub s/ was .93. The second portion of the analysis used contingency tables to see if variables other than tax credits influence solar installations; the results showed tax credits + solar radiation and fuel mix are the significant variables. The final chapter looks at municipal solar utilities, tax on excessive energy use, a public/private solar research lab, and building rating system as means to supplement solar energy tax credits.
Born, B.E.
Thermodynamics in variable speed of light theories
The perfect fluid in the context of a covariant variable speed of light theory proposed by J. Magueijo is studied. On the one hand the modified first law of thermodynamics together with a recipe to obtain equations of state are obtained. On the other hand the Newtonian limit is performed to obtain the nonrelativistic hydrostatic equilibrium equation for the theory. The results obtained are used to determine the time variation of the radius of Mercury induced by the variability of the speed of light ($c$), and the scalar contribution to the luminosity of white dwarfs. Using a bound for the change of that radius and combining it with an upper limit for the variation of the fine structure constant, a bound on the time variation of $c$ is set. An independent bound is obtained from luminosity estimates for Stein 2015B.
Juan Racker; Pablo Sisterna; Hector Vucetich
Discrete variable theory of triatomic photodissociation
The coupled equations describing the photodissociation process are expressed in the discrete variable representation (DVR) in which the coupled equations are labeled by quadrature points rather than by internal basis functions. A large reduction in the dimensionality of the coupled equations can be realized since the spatially localized bound state nuclear wave function vanishes at most of the quadrature points, making only certain orientations of the fragments important in the region of strong interaction (small separation). The discrete variable theory of photodissociation is applied to the model dissociation of bent HCN in which the CN fragment is treated as a rigid rotor. The truncated DVR rotational distributions are compared with the exact close coupled rotational distributions, and excellent agreement with greatly reduced dimensionality of the equations is found.
Heather, R.W.; Light, J.C.
The perfect fluid in the context of a covariant variable speed of light theory proposed by J. Magueijo is studied. On the one hand the modified first law of thermodynamics together with a recipe to obtain equations of state are obtained. On the other hand the Newtonian limit is performed to obtain the nonrelativistic hydrostatic equilibrium equation for the theory. The results obtained are used to determine the time variation of the radius of Mercury induced by the variability of the speed of light (c), and the scalar contribution to the luminosity of white dwarfs. Using a bound for the change of that radius and combining it with an upper limit for the variation of the fine structure constant, a bound on the time variation of c is set. An independent bound is obtained from luminosity estimates for Stein 2015B.
Racker, Juan [CONICET, Centro Atomico Bariloche, Avenida Bustillo 9500 (8400), San Carlos De Bariloche (Argentina); Facultad de Ciencias Astronomicas y Geofisicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque S/N (1900), La Plata (Argentina); Sisterna, Pablo [Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350 (7600), Mar del Plata (Argentina); Vucetich, Hector [Facultad de Ciencias Astronomicas y Geofisicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque S/N (1900), La Plata (Argentina)
Review of Variable Generation Integration Charges
The growth of wind and solar generation in the United States, and the expectation of continued growth of these technologies, dictates that the future power system will be operated in a somewhat different manner because of increased variability and uncertainty. A small number of balancing authorities have attempted to determine an 'integration cost' to account for these changes to their current operating practices. Some balancing authorities directly charge wind and solar generators for integration charges, whereas others add integration charges to projected costs of wind and solar in integrated resource plans or in competitive solicitations for generation. This report reviews the balancing authorities that have calculated variable generation integration charges and broadly compares and contrasts the methodologies they used to determine their specific integration charges. The report also profiles each balancing authority and how they derived wind and solar integration charges.
Porter, K.; Fink, S.; Buckley, M.; Rogers, J.; Hodge, B. M.
Mobile Variable Depth Sampling System Design Study
A design study is presented for a mobile, variable depth sampling system (MVDSS) that will support the treatment and immobilization of Hanford LAW and HLW. The sampler can be deployed in a 4-inch tank riser and has a design that is based on requirements identified in the Level 2 Specification (latest revision). The waste feed sequence for the MVDSS is based on Phase 1, Case 3S6 waste feed sequence. Technical information is also presented that supports the design study.
Variability of PV on Distribution Systems
In 2010, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) along with several utilities began collecting high-resolution monitoring data on distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems throughout the United States. Included in these monitoring data are single-module PV systems distributed along selected feeders as well as several larger PV systems (up to 1.4 MW). Utilizing data from these sites, this report focuses specifically on examining the measured variability of solar PV distributed throughout a ...
Bessel-Zernike Discrete Variable Representation Basis
The connection between the Bessel discrete variable basis expansion and a specific form of an orthogonal set of Jacobi polynomials is demonstrated. These so-called Zernike polynomials provide alternative series expansions of suitable functions over the unit interval. Expressing a Bessel function in a Zernike expansion provides a straightforward method of generating series identities. Furthermore, the Zernike polynomials may also be used to efficiently evaluate the Hankel transform for rapidly decaying functions or functions with finite support.
Cerjan, C J
CVcat: an interactive database on cataclysmic variables
CVcat is a database that contains published data on cataclysmic variables and related objects. Unlike in the existing online sources, the users are allowed to add data to the catalogue. The concept of an ``open catalogue'' approach is reviewed together with the experience from one year of public usage of CVcat. New concepts to be included in the upcoming AstroCat framework and the next CVcat implementation are presented. CVcat can be found at http://www.cvcat.org.
J. Kube; B. T. Gaensicke; F. Euchner; B. Hoffmann
Changes in heart rate variability during fainting
Studies of heart rate variability in people who faint may yield insights into normal physiologic mechanisms which probably are dynamic. These insights might be gained because fainting appears to be due to a breakdown of these mechanisms. Tilt table testing reliably induces fainting in patients with a history of fainting and can be used to study these mechanisms. During tilt tests ending in fainting heart rate changes markedly
Robert Sheldon; Kenneth Riff
Empowering Variable Renewables: Options for Flexible Electricity Systems |
Empowering Variable Renewables: Options for Flexible Electricity Systems Empowering Variable Renewables: Options for Flexible Electricity Systems Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Empowering Variable Renewables: Options for Flexible Electricity Systems Agency/Company /Organization: International Energy Agency Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Market analysis, Technology characterizations Resource Type: Publications Website: www.iea.org/g8/2008/Empowering_Variable_Renewables.pdf Empowering Variable Renewables: Options for Flexible Electricity Systems Screenshot References: Empowering Variable Renewables: Options for Flexible Electricity Systems[1] Summary "Increasing the share of renewables in energy portfolios is a key tool in the drive to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, as well as
Climatic variability within an equilibrium greenhouse simulation
A simulation of the possible consequences of a doubling of the CO{sub 2} content of the atmosphere has been performed with a low resolution global climatic model. The model included the diurnal and seasonal computed sea ice amount and cloud cover, and used implied oceanic heat fluxes to represent transport processes in the oceans. A highly responsive 2-layer soil moisture formulation was also incorporated. Twenty year equilibrated simulations for control (1xCO{sub 2}) and greenhouse (2xCO{sub 2}) conditions were generated. The major emphasis of the analysis presented here is on the intra-annual and interannual variability of the greenhouse run with respect to the control run. This revealed considerable differences from the time-averaged results with occasions of marked positive and negative temperature deviations. Of particular interest were the periods of negative temperature departures compared to the control run which were identified, especially over the Northern Hemisphere continents. Temporal and spatial precipitation and soil moisture anomalies also occurred, some of which were related to the surface temperature changes. Substantial sea surface temperature anomalies were apparent in the greenhouse run, indicating that a source of climatic forcing existed in addition to that due to doubling of the CO{sub 2}. Comparison of the intra-annual and interannual variability of the control run with that of the greenhouse run suggests that, in many situations, it will be difficult to identify a greenhouse signal against the intrinsic natural variability of the climatic system. 35 refs., 20 figs., 1 tab.
Gordon, H.B.; Hunt, B.G. [CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research, Victoria (Austria)
Allocating Variability and Reserve Requirements (Presentation)
This presentation describes how you could conceivably allocate variability and reserve requirements, including how to allocate aggregation benefits. Conclusions of this presentation are: (1) Aggregation provides benefits because individual requirements are not 100% correlated; (2) Method needed to allocate reduced requirement among participants; (3) Differences between allocation results are subtle - (a) Not immediately obvious which method is 'better'; (b) Many are numerically 'correct', they sum to the physical requirement; (c) Many are not 'fair', Results depend on sub-aggregation and/or the order individuals are included; and (4) Vector allocation method is simple and fair.
Kirby, B.; King, J.; Milligan, M.
Constraints on Area Variables in Regge Calculus
We describe a general method of obtaining the constraints between area variables in one approach to area Regge calculus, and illustrate it with a simple example. The simplicial complex is the simplest tessellation of the 4-sphere. The number of independent constraints on the variations of the triangle areas is shown to equal the difference between the numbers of triangles and edges, and a general method of choosing independent constraints is described. The constraints chosen by using our method are shown to imply the Regge equations of motion in our example.
Jarmo Makela; Ruth M. Williams
M�kel�, J M; Makela, Jarmo; Williams, Ruth M.
Long-Term Wind Power Variability
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory started collecting wind power data from large commercial wind power plants (WPPs) in southwest Minnesota with dedicated dataloggers and communication links in the spring of 2000. Over the years, additional WPPs in other areas were added to and removed from the data collection effort. The longest data stream of actual wind plant output is more than 10 years. The resulting data have been used to analyze wind power fluctuations, frequency distribution of changes, the effects of spatial diversity, and wind power ancillary services. This report uses the multi-year wind power data to examine long-term wind power variability.
Wan, Y. H.
West African Monsoon Intraseasonal Variability: A Precipitable Water Perspective
West African monsoon intraseasonal variability has important implications for food security and drought early warnings. In the present study, intraseasonal variability over the Sahel is assessed from the perspective of precipitable water, as ...
D. Emmanuel Poan; Romain Roehrig; Fleur Couvreux; Jean-Philippe Lafore
Temporal Variability of Diapycnal Mixing in Shag Rocks Passage
Diapycnal mixing rates in the oceans have been shown to have a great deal of spatial variability, but the temporal variability has been little studied. Here results are presented from a method developed to calculate diapycnal diffusivity from ...
Gillian M. Damerell; Karen J. Heywood; David P. Stevens; Alberto C. Naveira Garabato
Modeling the Variability of Sydney Harbor Wind Measurements
The time-dependent behavior in the variability of wind measurements is investigated using bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic models. These models express the current level of short-timescale wind variability in terms ...
Edward Cripps; William T. M. Dunsmuir
LPB Hydro-Climate Variability as Simulated by GCM Experiments...
LPB Hydro-Climate Variability as Simulated by GCM Experiments: Role of Remote SST Forcing Title LPB Hydro-Climate Variability as Simulated by GCM Experiments: Role of Remote SST...
Snowpack spatial variability: towards understanding its effect on remote sensing
Snowpack spatial variability: towards understanding its effect on remote sensing measurements spatial variability: towards understanding its effect on remote sensing mea- surements and snow slope large errors in these basin estimates. Remote sensing measurements offer a promising alternative, due
Marshall, Hans-Peter
Modeling Climate Variability in the Tropical Atlantic Atmosphere
Climate variability in the tropical Atlantic sector as represented in six atmospheric general circulation models is examined. On the annual mean, most simulations overestimate wind stress away from the equator although much of the variability can ...
Jiande Wang; James A. Carton
Variability of the Somali Current as Observed from Seasat Altimetry
Three methods of extraction of mesoscale variability from altimetry are compared in the Somali current area: crossover residuals after minimization to reduce orbit errors, along-track variability using quasi-repetitive tracks, and difference ...
C. Perigaud; J. F. Minster
U-090: RSA enVision Discloses Environment Variable Information...
0: RSA enVision Discloses Environment Variable Information to Remote Users U-090: RSA enVision Discloses Environment Variable Information to Remote Users January 27, 2012 - 6:00am...
Stochastic Forcing of Ocean Variability by the North Atlantic Oscillation
At middle and high latitudes, the magnitude of stochastic wind stress forcing of the ocean by atmospheric variability on synoptic time scales (i.e., �weather� related variability) is comparable to that of the seasonal cycle. Stochastic forcing ...
Kettyah C. Chhak; Andrew M. Moore; Ralph F. Milliff
Tropical Cloud Feedbacks and Natural Variability of Climate
Simulations of natural variability by two GCMs are examined. One GCM is a sector model, allowing relatively rapid integration without simplification of the model physics, which would potentially exclude mechanisms of variability. Two mechanisms ...
R. L. Miller; A. D. Del Genio
A search for chaotic behavior in Northern Hemisphere stratospheric variability
Northern Hemisphere stratospheric variability is investigated with respect to chaotic behavior using time series from three different variables extracted from four different re-analysis products and two numerical model runs with different forcing. ...
Gualtiero Badin; Daniela I.V. Domeisen
Intraseasonal Variability over Tropical Africa during Northern Summer
The intraseasonal variability over Africa during northern summer was analyzed, using 25 years of NCEP� NCAR reanalysis and satellite data. The dominant pattern of variability was one of enhanced deep convection over the whole African monsoon ...
Adrian J. Matthews
Jet Jumping: Low-Frequency Variability in the Southern Ocean
The authors study intrinsic variability in the position of jets in a ?-plane channel ocean with simple topography using a quasigeostrophic numerical model. This study links the variability in jet position with abyssal anticyclones that form as a ...
Christopher C. Chapman; Andrew McC. Hogg
Spatial Variability of Shortwave Irradiance for Snowmelt in Forests
The spatial variation of melt energy can influence snow cover depletion rates and in turn be influenced by the spatial variability of shortwave irradiance to snow. The spatial variability of shortwave irradiance during melt under uniform and ...
John Pomeroy; Chad Ellis; Aled Rowlands; Richard Essery; Janet Hardy; Tim Link; Danny Marks; Jean Emmanuel Sicart
Role of Smarter Grids in Variable Renewable Resource Integration (Presentation)
This presentation discusses the role of smarter grids in variable renewable resource integration and references material from a forthcoming ISGAN issue paper: Smart Grid Contributions to Variable Renewable Resource Integration, co-written by the presenter and currently in review.
Miller, M.
The presence of both steady and transient loops in active region cores has been reported from soft X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet observations of the solar corona. The relationship between the different loop populations, however, remains an open question. We present an investigation of the short-term variability of loops in the core of two active regions in the context of their long-term evolution. We take advantage of the nearly full Sun observations of STEREO and Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft to track these active regions as they rotate around the Sun multiple times. We then diagnose the variability of the active region cores at several instances of their lifetime using EIS/Hinode spectral capabilities. We inspect a broad range of temperatures, including for the first time spatially and temporally resolved images of Ca XIV and Ca XV lines. We find that the active region cores become fainter and steadier with time. The significant emission measure at high temperatures that is not correlated with a comparable increase at low temperatures suggests that high-frequency heating is viable. The presence, however, during the early stages, of an enhanced emission measure in the ''hot'' (3.0-4.5 MK) and ''cool'' (0.6-0.9 MK) components suggests that low-frequency heating also plays a significant role. Our results explain why there have been recent studies supporting both heating scenarios.
Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio [College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 (United States); Warren, Harry P. [Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States)
Variably insulating portable heater/cooler
A compact vacuum insulation panel comprising a chamber enclosed by two sheets of metal, glass-like spaces disposed in the chamber between the sidewalls, and a high-grade vacuum in the chamber includes apparatus and methods for enabling and disabling, or turning "on" and "off" the thermal insulating capability of the panel. One type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a metal hydride for releasing hydrogen gas into the chamber in response to heat, and a hydrogen grate between the metal hydride and the chamber for selectively preventing and allowing return of the hydrogen gas to the metal hydride. Another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a variable emissivity coating on the sheets of metal in which the emissivity is controllably variable by heat or electricity. Still another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes metal-to-metal contact devices that can be actuated to establish or break metal-to-metal heat paths or thermal short circuits between the metal sidewalls.
Potter, Thomas F. (Denver, CO)
Variable temperature seat climate control system
A temperature climate control system comprises a variable temperature seat, at least one heat pump, at least one heat pump temperature sensor, and a controller. Each heat pump comprises a number of Peltier thermoelectric modules for temperature conditioning the air in a main heat exchanger and a main exchanger fan for passing the conditioned air from the main exchanger to the variable temperature seat. The Peltier modules and each main fan may be manually adjusted via a control switch or a control signal. Additionally, the temperature climate control system may comprise a number of additional temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of the ambient air surrounding the occupant as well as the temperature of the conditioned air directed to the occupant. The controller is configured to automatically regulate the operation of the Peltier modules and/or each main fan according to a temperature climate control logic designed both to maximize occupant comfort during normal operation, and minimize possible equipment damage, occupant discomfort, or occupant injury in the event of a heat pump malfunction.
Karunasiri, Tissa R. (Van Nuys, CA); Gallup, David F. (Pasadena, CA); Noles, David R. (Glendale, CA); Gregory, Christian T. (Alhambra, CA)
A compact vacuum insulation panel is described comprising a chamber enclosed by two sheets of metal, glass-like spaces disposed in the chamber between the sidewalls, and a high-grade vacuum in the chamber includes apparatus and methods for enabling and disabling, or turning ``on`` and ``off`` the thermal insulating capability of the panel. One type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a metal hydride for releasing hydrogen gas into the chamber in response to heat, and a hydrogen grate between the metal hydride and the chamber for selectively preventing and allowing return of the hydrogen gas to the metal hydride. Another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a variable emissivity coating on the sheets of metal in which the emissivity is controllably variable by heat or electricity. Still another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes metal-to-metal contact devices that can be actuated to establish or break metal-to-metal heat paths or thermal short circuits between the metal sidewalls. 25 figs.
Potter, T.F.
Holographic Dark Energy Scenario and Variable Modified Chaplygin Gas
In this letter, we have considered that the universe is filled with normal matter and variable modified Chaplygin gas. Also we have considered the interaction between normal matter and variable modified Chaplygin gas in FRW universe. Then we have considered a correspondence between the holographic dark energy density and interacting variable modified Chaplygin gas energy density. Then we have reconstructed the potential of the scalar field which describes the variable modified Chaplygin cosmology.
Surajit Chattopadhyay; Ujjal Debnath
Variable Speed Drive Volumetric Tracking (VSDVT) for Airflow Control in Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems
An airflow control method has been developed for variable air volume (VAV) systems. This airflow control method is named VSD volumetric tracking (VSDVT) since both the supply and return airflows are determined using signals of the variable speed drives (VSD) instead of the flow stations. Its performance is studied and compared with the fan tracking (FT) method using model simulations. The VSDVT maintains a constant building pressure and the required outside airflow under all load conditions, reduces the annual return air fan energy by up to 50%, and the annual supply air fan energy by up to 30%. This paper presents the VSDVT method, the system models, and the simulation results.
Liu, M.
The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) initiated processing Sludge Batch 6 (SB6) in the summer of 2010. In support of processing, the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) provided a recommendation to utilize Frit 418 to process SB6. This recommendation was based on assessments of the compositional projections for SB6 available at the time from the Liquid Waste Organization (LWO) and SRNL (using a model-based approach). To support qualification of SB6, SRNL executed a variability study to assess the applicability of the current durability models for SB6. The durability models were assessed over the expected Frit 418-SB6 composition range. Seventeen glasses were selected for the variability study based on the sludge projections used in the frit recommendation. Five of the glasses are based on the centroid of the compositional region, spanning a waste loading (WL) range of 32 to 40%. The remaining twelve glasses are extreme vertices (EVs) of the sludge region of interest for SB6 combined with Frit 418 and are all at 36% WL. These glasses were fabricated and characterized using chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Product Consistency Test (PCT). After initiating the SB6 variability study, the measured composition of the SB6 Tank 51 qualification glass produced at the SRNL Shielded Cells Facility indicated that thorium was present in the glass at an appreciable concentration (1.03 wt%), which made it a reportable element for SB6. This concentration of ThO{sub 2} resulted in a second phase of experimental studies. Five glasses were formulated that were based on the centroid of the new sludge compositional region combined with Frit 418, spanning a WL range of 32 to 40%. These glasses were fabricated and characterized using chemical composition analysis and the PCT. Based on the measured PCT response, all of the glasses (with and without thorium) were acceptable with respect to the Environmental Assessment (EA) reference glass regardless of thermal history. All of the normalized boron releases were less than 1 g/L. While all of the targeted glass compositions were predictable with respect to the Product Composition Control System (PCCS) models for durability, a small number of the measured glass compositions were located outside of the lower prediction limit indicating poorer durability than what was actually measured. These unpredictable glasses were in the same lithium metaborate (LM) preparation block during the chemical analyses, which resulted in measured compositions that were not representative of the target compositions. A review of the data did not indicate a clear cause for the problem. Re-digestion and re-measurement of three glasses from this preparation block yielded glass compositions closer to the target values and predicted PCT responses within the PCCS model uncertainty. Therefore, it is believed that the glasses were correctly fabricated and the targeted compositions are closer representations of the true compositions. Per the requirements of the DWPF Glass Product Control Program, the PCCS durability models have been shown to be applicable for the SB6/Frit 418 glass system. PCT results from the glasses fabricated as part of the variability study were shown to be predictable and/or acceptable with respect to the DWPF PCCS models. In addition, the inclusion of ThO{sub 2} was shown to have minimal impact on the acceptability and predictability of the variability study glasses.
Johnson, F.; Edwards, T.
Bayesian Variable Selection and the Swendsen-Wang Algorithm
Bayesian Variable Selection and the Swendsen-Wang Algorithm David J. NOTT and Peter J. GREEN improvements in Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms for Bayesian variable selection. Currently used, this excludes the ith predictor from the model. The problem of variable selection is to decide which predictors
Green, Peter
Bayesian variable selection and the Swendsen-Wang algorithm
Bayesian variable selection and the Swendsen-Wang algorithm David J. Nott1 and Peter J. Green2 1 motivated improvements in Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms for Bayesian variable selection. Traditional sampling al- gorithms for Bayesian variable selection may perform poorly when there are severe
Barber, Stuart
The TAOS Project Stellar Variability II. Detection of 15 Variable Stars
The Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey (TAOS) project has collected more than a billion photometric measurements since 2005 January. These sky survey data - covering timescales from a fraction of a second to a few hundred days - are a useful source to study stellar variability. A total of 167 star fields, mostly along the ecliptic plane, have been selected for photometric monitoring with the TAOS telescopes. This paper presents our initial analysis of a search for periodic variable stars from the time-series TAOS data on one particular TAOS field, No. 151 (RA = 17{sup h} 30{sup m} 6.67{sup s}, Dec = 27 degrees, 17 minutes, 30 seconds, J2000), which had been observed over 47 epochs in 2005. A total of 81 candidate variables are identified in the 3 square degree field, with magnitudes in the range 8 < R < 16. On the basis of the periodicity and shape of the lightcurves, 32 variables, 18 of which were previously unknown, are classified as RR Lyrae, Cepheid, {delta} Scuti, SX Phonencis, semi-regular and eclipsing binaries.
Mondal, S; Lin, C C; Zhang, Z W; Alcock, C; Axelrod, T; Bianco, F B; Byun, Y I; Coehlo, N K; Cook, K H; Dave, R; Kim, D W; King, S K; Lee, T; Lehner, M J; Lin, H C; Marshall, S L; Protopapas, P; Rice, J A; Schwamb, M E; Wang, J H; Wang, S Y; Wen, C Y
Continuous variable tangle, monogamy inequality, and entanglement sharing in Gaussian states of continuous variable systems
For continuous-variable systems, we introduce a measure of entanglement, the continuous variable tangle ({\\em contangle}), with the purpose of quantifying the distributed (shared) entanglement in multimode, multipartite Gaussian states. This is achieved by a proper convex roof extension of the squared logarithmic negativity. We prove that the contangle satisfies the Coffman-Kundu-Wootters monogamy inequality in all three--mode Gaussian states, and in all fully symmetric $N$--mode Gaussian states, for arbitrary $N$. For three--mode pure states we prove that the residual entanglement is a genuine tripartite entanglement monotone under Gaussian local operations and classical communication. We show that pure, symmetric three--mode Gaussian states allow a promiscuous entanglement sharing, having both maximum tripartite residual entanglement and maximum couplewise entanglement between any pair of modes. These states are thus simultaneous continuous-variable analogs of both the GHZ and the $W$ states of three qubits: in continuous-variable systems monogamy does not prevent promiscuity, and the inequivalence between different classes of maximally entangled states, holding for systems of three or more qubits, is removed.
Gerardo Adesso; Fabrizio Illuminati
Characterisation of soil texture variability using the apparent soil electrical conductivity at a highly variable site
The characterisation of the spatial distribution of clay, silt, and sand/gravel is one of the main objectives of soil surveys. Researchers as well as producers have an interest in characterising soil texture variability. The objective of our study was ... Keywords: Clay, EM38, Residual kriging, Sand/gravel, Silt, Spatial heterogeneity
K. Heil; U. Schmidhalter
Stochastic variability of effective properties via the generalized variability response function
Homogenization of randomly heterogeneous material properties into effective properties is an essential procedure in facilitating the analysis of a wide range of mechanics problems. Although formulas exist to calculate deterministic effective properties ... Keywords: Effective properties, Random fields, Uncertainty quantification, Variability response functions
Kirubel Teferra; Sanjay R. Arwade; George Deodatis
Variable Stars in the Globular Cluster NGC 4590 (M68
We present results of time series photometry to search for variable stars in the field of metal-poor globular cluster NGC 4590 (M68). Periods have been revised for 40 known variables and no significant changes were found. A considerable change in Blazhko effect for V25 has been detected. Among nine newly discovered variable candidates, 5 stars are of RRc Bailey type variables while 4 stars are unclassified. The variable stars V10, V21, V50 and V51 are found to be cluster members based on the radial velocity data taken from literature.
Sariya, Devesh Path; Yadav, R K S
Quantifying decoherence in continuous variable systems
We present a detailed report on the decoherence of quantum states of continuous variable systems under the action of a quantum optical master equation resulting from the interaction with general Gaussian uncorrelated environments. The rate of decoherence is quantified by relating it to the decay rates of various, complementary measures of the quantum nature of a state, such as the purity, some nonclassicality indicators in phase space and, for two-mode states, entanglement measures and total correlations between the modes. Different sets of physically relevant initial configurations are considered, including one- and two-mode Gaussian states, number states, and coherent superpositions. Our analysis shows that, generally, the use of initially squeezed configurations does not help to preserve the coherence of Gaussian states, whereas it can be effective in protecting coherent superpositions of both number states and Gaussian wave packets. 1
A. Serafini; M. G. A. Paris; F. Illuminati; S. De Siena
Forecasting neutron star temperatures: predictability and variability
It is now possible to model thermal relaxation of neutron stars after bouts of accretion during which the star is heated out of equilibrium by nuclear reactions in its crust. Major uncertainties in these models can be encapsulated in modest variations of a handful of fudge parameters that change the crustal thermal conductivity, specific heat, and heating rates. Observations of thermal relaxation constrain these fudge parameters and allow us to predict longer term variability in terms of the neutron star core temperature. We demonstrate this explicitly by modeling ongoing thermal relaxation in the neutron star XTE J1701-462. Its future cooling, over the next 5 to 30 years, is strongly constrained and depends mostly on its core temperature, uncertainties in crust physics having essentially been pinned down by fitting to the first three years of observations.
Dany Page; Sanjay Reddy
We present a detailed report on the decoherence of quantum states of continuous variable systems under the action of a quantum optical master equation resulting from the interaction with general Gaussian uncorrelated environments. The rate of decoherence is quantified by relating it to the decay rates of various, complementary measures of the quantum nature of a state, such as the purity, some nonclassicality indicators in phase space and, for two-mode states, entanglement measures and total correlations between the modes. Different sets of physically relevant initial configurations are considered, including one- and two-mode Gaussian states, number states, and coherent superpositions. Our analysis shows that, generally, the use of initially squeezed configurations does not help to preserve the coherence of Gaussian states, whereas it can be effective in protecting coherent superpositions of both number states and Gaussian wave packets.
Variable selection in nonparametric additive models
We consider a nonparametric additive model of a conditional mean function in which the number of variables and additive components may be larger than the sample size but the number of nonzero additive components is "small" relative to the sample size. The statistical problem is to determine which additive components are nonzero. The additive components are approximated by truncated series expansions with B-spline bases. With this approximation, the problem of component selection becomes that of selecting the groups of coefficients in the expansion. We apply the adaptive group Lasso to select nonzero components, using the group Lasso to obtain an initial estimator and reduce the dimension of the problem. We give conditions under which the group Lasso selects a model whose number of components is comparable with the underlying model, and the adaptive group Lasso selects the nonzero components correctly with probability approaching one as the sample size increases and achieves the optimal rate of convergence. Th...
Huang, Jian; Wei, Fengrong; 10.1214/09-AOS781
Variable Interactions in Query-Driven Visualization
One fundamental element of scientific inquiry is discoveringrelationships, particularly the interactions between different variablesin observed or simulated phenomena. Building upon our prior work in thefield of Query-Driven Visualization, where visual data analysisprocessing is focused on subsets of large data deemed to be"scientifically interesting," this new work focuses on a novel knowledgediscovery capability suitable for use with petascale class datasets. Itenables visual presentation of the presence or absence of relationships(correlations) between variables in data subsets produced by Query-Drivenmethodologies. This technique holds great potential for enablingknowledge discovery from large and complex datasets currently emergingfrom SciDAC and INCITE projects. It is sufficiently generally to beapplicable to any time of complex, time-varying, multivariate data fromstructured, unstructured or adaptive grids.
Bethel, E. Wes; Gosink, Luke J.; Anderson, John C.; Joy, Kenneth I.
Variational estimates using a discrete variable representation
The advantage of using a discrete variable representation (DVR) is that the Hamiltonian of two interacting particles can be constructed in a very simple form. However, the DVR Hamiltonian is approximate and, as a consequence, the results cannot be considered as variational ones. We will show that the variational character of the results can be restored by performing a reduced number of integrals. In practice, for a variational description of the lowest n bound states only n(n+1)/2 integrals are necessary whereas D(D+1)/2 integrals are enough for the scattering states (D is the dimension of the S matrix). Applications of the method to the study of dimers of He, Ne and Ar, for both bound and scattering states, are presented.
Lombardi, M.; Barletta, P.; Kievsky, A. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via Buonarroti 2, 56100 Pisa (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Pisa, 56100 Pisa (Italy)
Building Technologies Office: Advanced, Variable Speed Air-Source
Advanced, Variable Advanced, Variable Speed Air-Source Integrated Heat Pumps Research Project to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: Advanced, Variable Speed Air-Source Integrated Heat Pumps Research Project on Facebook Tweet about Building Technologies Office: Advanced, Variable Speed Air-Source Integrated Heat Pumps Research Project on Twitter Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Advanced, Variable Speed Air-Source Integrated Heat Pumps Research Project on Google Bookmark Building Technologies Office: Advanced, Variable Speed Air-Source Integrated Heat Pumps Research Project on Delicious Rank Building Technologies Office: Advanced, Variable Speed Air-Source Integrated Heat Pumps Research Project on Digg Find More places to share Building Technologies Office: Advanced,
Fast Selection of Spectral Variables with B-Spline Compression
The large number of spectral variables in most data sets encountered in spectral chemometrics often renders the prediction of a dependent variable uneasy. The number of variables hopefully can be reduced, by using either projection techniques or selection methods; the latter allow for the interpretation of the selected variables. Since the optimal approach of testing all possible subsets of variables with the prediction model is intractable, an incremental selection approach using a nonparametric statistics is a good option, as it avoids the computationally intensive use of the model itself. It has two drawbacks however: the number of groups of variables to test is still huge, and colinearities can make the results unstable. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a method to select groups of spectral variables. It consists in a forward-backward procedure applied to the coefficients of a B-Spline representation of the spectra. The criterion used in the forward-backward procedure is the mutual infor...
Rossi, Fabrice; Wertz, Vincent; Meurens, Marc; Verleysen, Michel
The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is preparing to initiate processing Sludge Batch 7b (SB7b). In support of the upcoming processing, the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) provided a recommendation to utilize Frits 418 with a 6% Na{sub 2}O addition (26 wt% Na{sub 2}O in sludge) and 702 with a 4% Na{sub 2}O addition (24 wt% Na{sub 2}O in sludge) to process SB7b. This recommendation was based on assessments of the compositional projections for SB7b available at the time from the Savannah River Remediation (SRR). To support qualification of SB7b, SRNL executed a variability study to assess the applicability of the current durability models for SB7b. The durability models were assessed over the expected composition range of SB7b, including potential caustic additions, combined with Frits 702 and 418 over a 32-40% waste loading (WL) range. Thirty four glasses were selected based on Frits 418 and 702 coupled with the sludge projections with an additional 4-6% Na{sub 2}O to reflect the potential caustic addition. Six of these glasses, based on average nominal sludge compositions including the appropriate caustic addition, were developed for both Frit 418 and Frit 702 at 32, 36 and 40% WL to provide coverage in the center of the anticipated SB7b glass region. All glasses were fabricated and characterized using chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Product Consistency Test (PCT). To comply with the DWPF Glass Product Control Program, a total of thirty four glasses were fabricated to assess the applicability of the current DWPF PCCS durability models. Based on the measured PCT response, all of the glasses were acceptable with respect to the Environmental Assessment (EA) benchmark glass regardless of thermal history. The NL[B] values of the SB7b variability study glasses were less than 1.99 g/L as compared to 16.695 g/L for EA. A small number of the D-optimally selected 'outer layer' extreme vertices (EV) glasses were not predictable using the current Product Composition Control System (PCCS) models for durability, but were acceptable compared to the EA glass when tested. These glasses fell outside of the lower 95% confidence band, which demonstrates conservatism in the model. A few of the glasses fell outside of the upper 95% confidence band; however, these particular glasses have normalized release values that were much lower than the values of EA and should be of no practical concern. Per the requirements of the DWPF Glass Product Control Program, the PCCS durability models have been shown to be applicable to the SB7b sludge system with a range of Na{sub 2}O concentrations blended with Frits 418 or 702. PCT results from the glasses fabricated as part of the variability study were shown to be predictable by the current DWPF PCCS models and/or acceptable with respect to the EA benchmark glass regardless of thermal history or compositional view.
Device for adapting continuously variable transmissions to infinitely variable transmissions with forward-neutral-reverse capabilities
An infinitely variable transmission is capable of operating between a maximum speed in one direction and a minimum speed in an opposite direction, including a zero output angular velocity, while being supplied with energy at a constant angular velocity. Input energy is divided between a first power path carrying an orbital set of elements and a second path that includes a variable speed adjustment mechanism. The second power path also connects with the orbital set of elements in such a way as to vary the rate of angular rotation thereof. The combined effects of power from the first and second power paths are combined and delivered to an output element by the orbital element set. The transmission can be designed to operate over a preselected ratio of forward to reverse output speeds.
Wilkes, Donald F. (Albuquerque, NM); Purvis, James W. (Albuquerque, NM); Miller, A. Keith (Albuquerque, NM)
Comparison of energy efficiency between variable refrigerant flow systems and ground source heat pump systems
Amarnath, M. Blatt, Variable refrigerant flow: where, why,simulation in the variable refrigerant flow air-conditioningsimulation of the variable refrigerant flow air conditioning
Hong, Tainzhen
MEXICAN CORN: Genetic Variability and Trade Liberalisation
It is now a well established fact that corn (Zea mays) originated in Mexico and that a great part of the evolution that may be observed in terms of this plant�s genetic variability took place in this country. 2 As the plant�s history unfolded, early forms of these races were taken by people into a wide variety of environments and ecological niches from which many distinct varieties developed in the relative isolation of these separated regions. Thus, Mexico also became a center of genetic diversity for corn, and its stock of germplasm has contributed in a decisive manner to global production of corn. Even the dented varieties of the U.S. Corn Belt are close descendants of the first Mexican landraces. The germplasm resources that are deposited in Mexico�s corn varieties, as well as in the wild relatives of this crop, are of prime importance for the world�s food production system of the next century. 3 Corn germplasm of Mexican origin has played a critical role in improvements for corn cultivated in tropical regions in relation to yield increments, plague resistance, short growth cycle, drought resistance and increases of protein content of grain. It has also been instrumental in increasing yields in the case of corn produced in temperate regions at high latitudes. Mexican 1
Alejandro Nadal; El Colegio De M�xico; Alejandro Nadal; El Colegio De M�xico
We report on the highest to date signal-to-noise ratio X-ray spectrum of the luminous quasar PDS 456, as obtained during two XMM-Newton orbits in 2007 September. The present spectrum is considerably different from several previous X-ray spectra recorded for PDS 456 since 1998. The ultra-high-velocity outflow seen as recently as 2007 February is not detected in absorption. Conversely, a significant reflection component is detected (DELTAchi{sup 2} = 313 compared to a simple absorbed power law). The reflection model suggests that the reflecting medium may be outflowing at a velocity v/c = -0.06 +- 0.02 (DELTAchi{sup 2} = 28 compared to v/c = 0). The present spectrum is analyzed in the context of the previous ones in an attempt to understand all spectra within the framework of a single model. We examine whether an outflow with variable partial covering of the X-ray source along the line of sight that also reflects the source from other lines of sight can explain the dramatic variations in the broadband spectral curvature of PDS 456. It is established that absorption plays a major role in shaping the spectrum of other epochs, while the 2007 XMM-Newton spectrum is dominated by reflection, and the coverage of the source by the putative outflow is small (<20%).
Behar, Ehud; Mushotzky, Richard [Code 662, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Kaspi, Shai [Department of Physics, Technion, Haifa 32000 (Israel); Reeves, James [School of Physics and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG (United Kingdom); Turner, T. J. [Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 (United States); O'Brien, Paul T. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH (United Kingdom)
NERC Presentation: Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation,
NERC Presentation: Accommodating High Levels of Variable NERC Presentation: Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation, October 29, 2010 NERC Presentation: Accommodating High Levels of Variable Generation, October 29, 2010 North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) presentation to the Electricity Advisory Committee, October 29, 2010, on accommodating high levels of variable electricity eneration. Variable resources are types of electric power generation that rely on an uncontrolled, "variable" fuel (e.g. wind, sunlight, waves, tidal forces, and some types of rivers) to generate electricity. Most renewablesfall into this category. Reliably integrating these resources into the bulk power system will require significant changes to traditional methods used for system planning and operation. Ongoing efforts brought together by NERC and its stakeholders
Carderock 2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel | Open Energy
2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel 2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Carderock 2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Overseeing Organization United States Naval Surface Warfare Center Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Tunnel Beam(m) 0.6 Depth(m) 0.6 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) Contact POC Special Physical Features The 2-Foot Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel is a vertical plane, closed recirculating, variable-speed, variable-pressure, open jet test section, closed jet test section, and semi-rectangular test section. Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities None Channel/Tunnel/Flume Channel/Tunnel/Flume Yes Velocity(m/s) 17 Recirculating Yes
Carderock 3-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel | Open Energy
Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Jump to: navigation, search Basic Specifications Facility Name Carderock 3-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel Overseeing Organization United States Naval Surface Warfare Center Hydrodynamic Testing Facility Type Tunnel Beam(m) 0.7 Depth(m) 0.7 Water Type Freshwater Cost(per day) Contact POC Special Physical Features The 3-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel is a vertical plane, closed recirculating with resorber, variable-speed, variable-pressure, two interchangeable circular test sections. Towing Capabilities Towing Capabilities None Wavemaking Capabilities Wavemaking Capabilities None Channel/Tunnel/Flume Channel/Tunnel/Flume Yes Velocity(m/s) 25.8 Recirculating Yes Wind Capabilities Wind Capabilities None
Variability in electricity demand highlights potential roles for ...
Demand-response programs and technologies that tend to reduce the variability of hourly electric demand and the resulting supply requirement would reduce the need ...
Multi-winding Homopolar Electric Machine Offers Variable ...
The device can be used as either a motor or a generator. Advantages � Variable voltage and speed design � Internal mechanism allowing for low speed, high
Variable Renewable Generation Can Provide Balancing Control to...
Variable Renewable Generation Can Provide Balancing Control to the Electric Power System e Active Power Control Helps Maintain System Frequency As wind and solar plants become more...
Einstein x-ray observations of cataclysmic variables
Observations with the imaging x-ray detectors on the Einstein Observatory have led to a large increase in the number of low luminosity x-ray sources known to be associated with cataclysmic variable stars (CVs). The high sensitivity of the Einstein instrumentation has permitted study of their short timescale variability and spectra. The data are adding significantly to our knowledge of the accretion process in cataclysmic variables and forcing some revision in our ideas concerning the origin of the optical variability in these stars.
Mason, K.O.; Cordova, F.A.
Variable Selection and Sensitivity Analysis via Dynamic Trees...
trees, this approach allows for dynamic (sequential) variable selection with fully Bayesian evidence and sensitivity indices not previously enjoyed. Compared with GPs, it...
Institute of Computer Science Limited-memory projective variable ...
Institute of Computer Science. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Limited-memory projective variable metric methods for unconstrained minimization.
Free piston variable-stroke linear-alternator generator ...
A free-piston variable stroke linear-alternator AC power generator for a combustion engine. An alternator mechanism and oscillator system generates AC current. The ...
The Discrete Variable Method for the Time Dependent and ...
... Abstract: The discrete variable representation (DVR) has been found to be a very effective approach for the numerical solution of the Schroedinger ...
Process for applying control variables having fractal structures
A process and apparatus for the application of a control variable having a fractal structure to a body or process. The process of the present invention comprises the steps of generating a control variable having a fractal structure and applying the control variable to a body or process reacting in accordance with the control variable. The process is applicable to electroforming where first, second and successive pulsed-currents are applied to cause the deposition of material onto a substrate, such that the first pulsed-current, the second pulsed-current, and successive pulsed currents form a fractal pulsed-current waveform.
Bullock, IV, Jonathan S. (Oak Ridge, TN); Lawson, Roger L. (Oliver Springs, TN)
Initial testing of a variable-stroke Stirling engine
In support of the US Department of Energy's Stirling Engine Highway Vehicle Systems Program, NASA Lewis Research Center is evaluating variable-stroke control for Stirling engines. The engine being tested is the Advenco Stirling engine; this engine was manufactured by Philips Research Laboratories of the Netherlands and uses a variable-angle swash-plate drive to achieve variable stroke operation. This report describes the engine, presents initial steady-state test data taken at Lewis, and describes a major drive system failure and subsequent modifications. Computer simulation results are presented to show potential part-load efficiency gains with variable-stroke control.
Thieme, L.G.
Changes in the Economic Value of Variable Generation at High...
Levels: A Pilot Case Study of California Title Changes in the Economic Value of Variable Generation at High Penetration Levels: A Pilot Case Study of California Publication Type...
Multi-winding Homopolar Electric Machine Offers Variable Voltage ...
Wind Energy Industrial Technologies Multi-winding Homopolar Electric Machine Offers Variable Voltage at Low Rotational Speed Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Contact ...
Fuzzy logic system for variable message signs in Kuala Lumpur
Intelligent Transportation Systems refer to a wide variety of advanced and emerging technology applications designed mainly to reduce traffic congestion and emissions, and to improve highway efficiency, safety, and convenience. Variable message signs ... Keywords: fuzzy controller, fuzzy logic, intelligent transportation systems, variable message signs
Arash Moradkhani Roshandeh; Majid Joshani; Othman Che Puan
Minimising the delta test for variable selection in regression problems
The problem of selecting an adequate set of variables from a given data set of a sampled function becomes crucial by the time of designing the model that will approximate it. Several approaches have been presented in the literature although recent studies ... Keywords: FBS, GAs, delta test, forward-backward search, genetic algorithms, hybrid algorithms, parallel architectures, regression problems, tabu search, variable selection
Alberto Guillen; Dusan Sovilj; Amaury Lendasse; Fernando Mateo; Ignacio Rojas
Problems of Cosmological Variability of Fundamental Physical Constants
of the fundamental constants which govern most of the common phenomena and are usually given in the handbooks. NoteProblems of Cosmological Variability of Fundamental Physical Constants #3; D. A. Varshalovich, A. Y and astronomical observations aimed at testing the possible space-time variability of fundamental physical
Intraseasonal Variability in a Two-Layer Model and Observations
A two-layer shallow-water model with R15 truncation and topographic forcing is used to study intraseasonal variability in the Northern Hemisphere�s (NH�s) extratropical atmosphere. The model�s variability is dominated by oscillations with average ...
Christian L. Keppenne; Steven L. Marcus; Masahide Kimoto; Michael Ghil
RESEARCH ARTICLE Empirical assessment of short-term variability from
RESEARCH ARTICLE Empirical assessment of short-term variability from utility-scale solar PV plants grid because additional system resources are required to maintain the grid's reliability. In this study-term variability; PV plant ramp rate; daily aggregate ramp rate; inverter shells *Correspondence Rob van Haaren
Solving connected row convex constraints by variable elimination
We propose an algorithm for the class of connected row convex constraints. In this algorithm, we introduce a novel variable elimination method to solve the constraints. This method is simple and able to make use of the sparsity of the problem instances. ... Keywords: Connected row convex constraints, Constraint composition, Constraint satisfaction problems, Path consistency, Variable elimination
Yuanlin Zhang; Satyanarayana Marisetti
Development of Clemson variable-rate lateral irrigation system
Crops in the Southern United States are generally produced in fields which are known to have a high degree of variability in soil type, water holding capacity, infiltration rates, and other major factors which affect crop production. In these fields, ... Keywords: Instrumentation, Irrigation, Lateral-move, Precision agriculture, Variable-rate irrigation
Young J. Han; Ahmad Khalilian; Tom O. Owino; Hamid J. Farahani; Sam Moore
Grothendieck bialgebras, partition lattices, and symmetric functions in noncommutative variables
We show that the Grothendieck bialgebra of the semi-tower of partition lattice algebras is isomorphic to the graded dual of the bialgebra of symmetric functions in noncommutative variables. In particular this isomorphism singles out a canonical new basis of the symmetric functions in noncommutative variables which would be an analogue of the Schur function basis for this bialgebra.
N. Bergeron; C. Hohlweg; M. Rosas; M. Zabrocki
An open source tool for heart rate variability spectral analysis
In this paper we describe a software package for developing heart rate variability analysis. This package, called RHRV, is a third party extension for the open source statistical environment R, and can be freely downloaded from the R-CRAN repository. ... Keywords: Apnea, Heart rate variability, Open source, Signal processing
L. Rodr�guez-Li�ares; A. J. M�ndez; M. J. Lado; D. N. Olivieri; X. A. Vila; I. G�mez-Conde
New SX Phoenicis Variables in the Globular Cluster NGC 4833
We report the discovery of 6 SX Phoenicis stars in the southern globular cluster NGC 4833. Images were obtained from January through June 2011 with the Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy 0.6 meter telescope located at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory. The image subtraction method of Alard & Lupton (1998)was used to search for variable stars in the cluster. We confirmed 17 previously cataloged variables by Demers & Wehlau(1977). In addition to the previously known variables we have identified 10 new variables. Of the total number of confirmed variables in our 10x10 arcmin^2 field, we classified 10 RRab variables, with a mean period of 0.69591 days, 7 RRc, with a mean period of 0.39555 days, 2 possible RRe variables with a mean period of 0.30950 days, a W Ursae Majoris contact binary, an Algol-type binary, and the 6 SX Phoenicis stars with a mean period of 0.05847 days. The periods, relative numbers of RRab and RRc variables, and Bailey diagram are indicative of the cluster being o...
Darragh, Andrew N
Sliding mode control law for a variable speed wind turbine
Modern wind turbines are designed in order to work in variable speed operations. To perform this task, wind turbines are provided with adjustable speed generators, like the double feed induction generator. One of the main advantage of adjustable speed ... Keywords: modeling and simulation, variable structure control, wind turbine control
Holographic Dark Energy Model with Modified Variable Chaplygin Gas
In this letter we consider a correspondence between holographic dark energy and variable modified Chaplygin gas to obtain a holographic dark energy model of the universe. The corresponding potential of the scalar field has been reconstructed which describes the modified variable Chaplygin gas. The stability of the holographic dark energy in this case is also discussed.
B. C. Paul
Drivers of Variability in the South Asian Monsoon
Drivers of Variability in the South Asian Monsoon Announcement of Opportunity Outline Bids Deadline) jointly invite outline bid proposals for research on drivers of variability in the South Asian Monsoon. For ESSO-MoES, this activity forms part of their Monsoon Mission programme (http
Edinburgh, University of
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Ambient Magnetic Fields
In a healthy individual, the rate at which the heart beats exhibits continuous variability. In prior research at Midwest Research Institute (MRI), exposure to intermittent, but not continuous, magnetic fields was associated with alterations in heart rate variability (HRV). This report describes additional studies specifically designed to address the potential effects of magnetic field exposure on HRV.
Variability of hot mix asphalt produced with reclaimed asphalt pavement
Pavement recycling operations have been used in the United States from the early 1900s to date. These recycling operations have been used for a variety of reasons including solid waste disposal problems, reduction of initial cost, and conservation of natural resources (aggregate, binder and energy). Adequate techniques to assess the variability of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) are lacking. The objectives of this research are to determine the variabilities of RAP and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), determine the influence of the RAP variability on the HMA variability, and compare the variability of virgin aggregates at the quarries and the aggregates that have been handled and transported to asphalt plant stockpiles. This thesis describes the compositional data analysis including the ternary diagrams for mixes and aggregates, a multivariate beta model, variability analysis using a multivariate variance assumption, and ternary quality control charts. It also describes the hypothesis tests using a k-variate student t distribution and an F-test. The following conclusions are obtained: i) RAP is better used in producing a mix with a relatively small top size 3/8" (Type S-III mix) or 1/2'' (Type S-I mix), and not with a sieve size larger than 1" (Type S-II mix); ii) RAP percent does not significantly influence the mix variability; it is desirable to use a large percentage of RAP in the Type S-I mix, i.e., more than 40% RAP; iii) On the average, the aggregate variability increases after transportation and stockpiling process; iv) On the average, the aggregate in the quarry has less variability than the same aggregate in the asphalt plant stockpile, therefore, aggregates in quarries are better controlled than aggregates in stockpiles; v) Variabilities of aggregates in quarries are slightly larger than the variability of RAP which is slightly larger than variabilities of Type S-II and S-III mixes. Type S-II and S-III mixes have the same variability and are slightly larger than the variability of the Type S-I mix; vi) The ternary diagram and the hypothesis test can be used to judge whether a contractor did a good job; vii) Ternary quality control chart shows the dynamic trend of a mix or an aggregate during the production period.
Yang, Guiqin
Internal Variability of the Canadian RCM�s Hydrological Variables at the Basin Scale in Quebec and Labrador
The effect of a regional climate model�s (RCM�s) internal variability (IV) on climate statistics of annual series of hydrological variables is investigated at the scale of 21 eastern Canada watersheds in Quebec and Labrador. The analysis is ...
Marco Braun; Daniel Caya; Anne Frigon; Michel Slivitzky
New Variable Stars in the Globular Cluster NGC 6584
Using the Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy 0.6 meter telescope located at Cerro Tololo, we searched for variable stars in the southern globular cluster NGC 6584. We obtained images during 8 nights between 28 May and 6 July of 2011. After processing the images, we used the image subtraction package ISIS developed by Alard (2000)to search for the variable stars. We identified a total of 69 variable stars in our 10x10 arcmin^2 field, including 43 variables cataloged by Millis & Liller (1980) and 26 hereto unknown variables. In total, we classified 46 of the variables as type RRab, with a mean period of 0.56776 days, 15 as type RRc with a mean period of 0.30886 days, perhaps one lower amplitude type RRe, with a period of 0.26482 days, 4 eclipsing binaries, and 3 long period (P > 2 days) variable stars. As many as 15 of the RRab Lyrae stars exhibited the Blazhko Effect. Furthermore, the mean periods of the RR Lyrae types, the exhibited period/amplitude relationship, and the ratio of N_c/(N_ab...
Toddy, Joseph M; Darragh, Andrew N; Murphy, Brian W
We present the properties of the ensemble variability V for nearly 5000 near-infrared active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the catalog of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (13th Edition) and the SDSS-DR7 quasar catalog. From three near-infrared point source catalogs, namely, Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), Deep Near Infrared Survey (DENIS), and UKIDSS/LAS catalogs, we extract 2MASS-DENIS and 2MASS-UKIDSS counterparts for cataloged AGNs by cross-identification between catalogs. We further select variable AGNs based on an optimal criterion for selecting the variable sources. The sample objects are divided into subsets according to whether near-infrared light originates by optical emission or by near-infrared emission in the rest frame; and we examine the correlations of the ensemble variability with the rest-frame wavelength, redshift, luminosity, and rest-frame time lag. In addition, we also examine the correlations of variability amplitude with optical variability, radio intensity, and radio-to-optical flux ratio. The rest-frame optical variability of our samples shows negative correlations with luminosity and positive correlations with rest-frame time lag (i.e., the structure function, SF), and this result is consistent with previous analyses. However, no well-known negative correlation exists between the rest-frame wavelength and optical variability. This inconsistency might be due to a biased sampling of high-redshift AGNs. Near-infrared variability in the rest frame is anticorrelated with the rest-frame wavelength, which is consistent with previous suggestions. However, correlations of near-infrared variability with luminosity and rest-frame time lag are the opposite of these correlations of the optical variability; that is, the near-infrared variability is positively correlated with luminosity but negatively correlated with the rest-frame time lag. Because these trends are qualitatively consistent with the properties of radio-loud quasars reported by some previous studies, most of our sample objects are probably radio-loud quasars. Finally, we also discuss the negative correlations seen in the near-infrared SFs.
Kouzuma, S. [School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Toyota 470-0393 (Japan); Yamaoka, H., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan)
Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for
Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Development Planning Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Development Planning Agency/Company /Organization: United States Agency for International Development Sector: Climate, Energy, Land, Water Topics: Adaptation Resource Type: Guide/manual Website: pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADJ990.pdf References: Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Development Planning[1] "This Adaptation Guidance Manual is the first of several tools we are developing to assist planners and stakeholders as they cope with a changing climate. As we work with Missions to apply the methods described here, we
Zonal Jet Structure and the Leading Mode of Variability
An observational analysis of the Northern Hemisphere circulation during winter reveals that the leading mode of variability depends on longitude. In particular, the first EOF of the zonal-mean circulation differs over the Atlantic and Pacific ...
Scott J. Eichelberger; Dennis L. Hartmann
The Choice of Variable for Atmospheric Moisture Analysis
The implications of using different control variables for the analysis of moisture observations in a global atmospheric data assimilation system are investigated. A moisture analysis based on either mixing ratio or specific humidity is prone to ...
Dick P. Dee; Arlindo M. da Silva
Decadal Variability of Two Oceans and an Atmosphere
A model of the midlatitude, large-scale interaction between the upper ocean and the troposphere is used to illustrate possible mechanisms of connection between the decadal variability in the North Atlantic and in the North Pacific. The two ocean ...
Blanca Gallego; Paola Cessi
Spatial Distribution of Surface Fluxes Estimated from Remotely Sensed Variables
This study relates surface fluxes to remotely sensed variables over well-defined variations of surface wetness and vegetation. The surface fluxes are estimated from repeated Twin Otter aircraft flights at 33 m above the surface after correcting ...
Jielun Sun; L. Mahrt
Spatial Variability and Interpolation of Stochastic Weather Simulation Model Parameters
The spatial variability of 58 precipitation and temperature parameters from the �generation of weather elements for multiple applications� (GEM) weather generator has been investigated over a region of significant complexity in topography and ...
Gregory L. Johnson; Christopher Daly; George H. Taylor; Clayton L. Hanson
Evolution Dynamics of Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Annual Cycle Variability
The structure of ocean-atmosphere annual cycle variability is extracted from the revised Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set SSTs, surface winds, and the latent heat (LH) and net shortwave (SW) surface fluxes using the covariance-based ...
Sumant Nigam; Yi Chao
Global Characteristics of Stream Flow Seasonality and Variability
Monthly stream flow series from 1345 sites around the world are used to characterize geographic differences in the seasonality and year-to-year variability of stream flow. Stream flow seasonality varies regionally, depending on the timing of ...
Michael D. Dettinger; Henry F. Diaz
Managing forecast variability in a build-to-order environment
In any production environment, managing demand variability is a delicate balancing act. Firms must constantly weigh potential obsolescence costs of unused inventory (should sales not materialize) against potential expedite ...
Einhorn, Marshall
Information Theory and Predictability for Low-Frequency Variability
A predictability framework, based on relative entropy, is applied here to low-frequency variability in a standard T21 barotropic model on the sphere with realistic orography. Two types of realistic climatology, corresponding to different heights ...
Rafail Abramov; Andrew Majda; Richard Kleeman
Effects of variable wind stress on ocean heat content
Ocean heat content change (ocean heat uptake) has an important role in variability of the Earth's heat balance. The understanding of which methods and physical processes control ocean heat uptake needs improvement in order ...
Klima, Kelly
A Study of Intraseasonal Temperature Variability in Southeastern South America
The main goal of this work was to conduct an intraseasonal climate variability analysis using wavelet and principal component analysis over a southeastern South American daily maximum and minimum temperature series from the end of the nineteenth ...
Gustavo Naumann; Walter M. Vargas
Decadal Variability of Precipitation over Western North America
Decadal (>7- yr period) variations of precipitation over western North America account for 20%�50% of the variance of annual precipitation. Spatially, the decadal variability is broken into several regional [O(1000 km)] components. These decadal ...
Daniel R. Cayan; Michael D. Dettinger; Henry F. Diaz; Nicholas E. Graham
Does Global Warming Cause Intensified Interannual Hydroclimate Variability?
The idea that global warming leads to more droughts and floods has become commonplace without clear indication of what is meant by this statement. Here, the authors examine one aspect of this problem and assess whether interannual variability of ...
Richard Seager; Naomi Naik; Laura Vogel
Modes of Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Pacific SST
The multichannel singular spectrum analysis has been used to characterize the spatio�temporal structures of interdecadal and interannual variability of SST over the Pacific Ocean from 20�S to 58�N. Using the Comprehensive Ocean�Atmosphere Data ...
Xuebin Zhang; Jian Sheng; Amir Shabbar
Biennial Variability in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
Recent observational analyses have indicated that tropospheric quasi-biennial oscillations (QBs) may play a fundamental role in regulating the timing and strength of El Ni�o and the Southern Oscillation. The biennial variability is examined in ...
Michael A. Alexander; Klaus M. Weickmann
Interannual Variability in the Eastern Subtropical North Pacific Ocean
Interannual variability in the eastern subtropical North Pacific Ocean is investigated using the Naval Research Laboratory Layered Ocean Model (NLOM). Emphasis is placed on examining the nature of westward propagating Rossby waves and their ...
Alan P. Leonardi; Steven L. Morey; James J. O'Brien
Confidential Direct Communications: A Quantum Approach Using Continuous Variables
We consider the problem of privacy in direct communications, showing how quantum mechanics can be useful to guarantee a certain level of confidentiality. In particular, we review a continuous variable approach recently ...
Mancini, Stefano
Multidecadal Variability in North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity
Recent increases in Atlantic basin tropical cyclone activity since 1995 and the associated destructive U.S. landfall events in 2004 and 2005 have generated considerable interest into why there has been such a sharp upturn. Natural variability, ...
Philip J. Klotzbach; William M. Gray
Generation of Picosecond Electron-bunch Trains with Variable...
GENERATION OF PICOSECOND ELECTRON-BUNCH TRAINS WITH VARIABLE SPACING USING A MULTI-PULSE PHOTOCATHODE LASER M. Conde 1 , W. Gai 1 , C. Jing 1,2 , R. Konecny 1 , W. Liu 1 , D....
Land Surface Controls on Hydroclimatic Means and Variability
Hydroclimatic means and variability are determined in large part by the control of soil moisture on surface moisture fluxes, particularly evapotranspiration and runoff. This control is examined here using a simple water balance model and ...
Randal D. Koster; Sarith P. P. Mahanama
Multiple instances and symbolic variables in executable sequence charts
We extend live sequence charts (LSCs), a highly expressive variant of sequence diagrams, and provide the extension with an executable semantics. The extension involves support for instances that can bind to multiple objects and symbolic variables that ...
Rami Marelly; David Harel; Hillel Kugler
South Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in the Climate System Model
Strong multidecadal variability is detected in a 300-yr integration of the NCAR Climate System Model in the South Atlantic region, through the application of two signal recognition techniques: the multitaper method and singular spectrum analysis. ...
Ilana Wainer; Silvia A. Venegas
Market Design Simulations with Variable Energy Resources (VERs) (Presentation)
Presented at the FERC Technical Conference, 29 June 2011, Washington, D.C. This presentation describes NREL research regarding variable generation resources, operating reserves, unit commitment, economic dispatch, and introduces a new and novel modeling tool called 'FESTIV.'
Ela, E.
Structure and Variability of the Kuroshio Current in Tokara Strait
Four years of mooring array measurements in Tokara Strait, south of Kyushu, Japan, from 1992 to 1996 are used to analyze the structure and temporal variability of the Kuroshio Current. The mean Kuroshio current in Tokara Strait shows a nearly ...
Ming Feng; Humio Mitsudera; Yasushi Yoshikawa
The Evolution of Inhomogeneous Wave Statistics through a Variable Medium
The interaction of ocean waves with variable currents and topography in coastal areas can result in inhomogeneous statistics because of coherent interferences, which affect wave-driven circulation and transport processes. Stochastic wave models, ...
P. B. Smit; T. T. Janssen
Mesoscale Weather Effects of Variable Snow Cover over Northeast Colorado
Data from the PROFS (Program for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services) surface mesonetwork have been used to document the effect of variable snow cover on atmospheric boundary layer properties cloudiness and weather conditions over north ...
Richard H. Johnson; George S. Young; James J. Toth; Raymond M. Zehr
Intraseasonal Variability of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon
The objective of this study is to explore, based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction�National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP�NCAR) reanalysis data, the intraseasonal variability of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (...
Jiangyu Mao; Johnny C. L. Chan
Wavelet Analysis of the Interannual Variability in Southern Qu�bec Streamflow
The objectives of this study are to describe the local interannual variability in southern Qu�bec, Canada, streamflow, based on wavelet analysis, and to identify plausible climatic teleconnections that could explain these local variations. Scale-...
Fran�ois Anctil; Paulin Coulibaly
Climatology and Interannual Variability of North Atlantic Hurricane Tracks
The spatial and temporal variability of North Atlantic hurricane tracks and its possible association with the annual hurricane landfall frequency along the U.S. East Coast are studied using principal component analysis (PCA) of hurricane track ...
Lian Xie; Tingzhuang Yan; Leonard J. Pietrafesa; John M. Morrison; Thomas Karl
Homoclinic Dynamics: A Scenario for Atmospheric Ultralow-Frequency Variability
In this paper, a link will be established between atmospheric ultralow-frequency variability (ULFV) and the occurrence of homoclinic dynamics in models of large-scale atmospheric flow. It is known that uncoupled atmosphere models possess ...
Daan T. Crommelin
Low-Frequency Variability in the Wind-Driven Circulation
The origins of low-frequency variability in a simple homogenous ocean model, forced by a double gyre Ekman suction, are examined numerically. It is found that irregular, large amplitude vacillations in the structure of the circulation typify the ...
S. P. Meacham
Indian Ocean Intraseasonal Variability in an Ocean General Circulation Model
The impact of atmospheric intraseasonal variability on the tropical Indian Ocean is examined with an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The model is forced by observation-based wind stresses and surface heat fluxes from an atmospheric ...
A. Schiller; J. S. Godfrey
North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre Surface Variability (1895�2009)
Surface temperature, salinity, and density are examined in the northeastern part of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 115 years of measurements. This region presents coherent variability in space but also between different seasons, ...
G. Reverdin
Decadal Climate Variability: Is There a Tidal Connection?
A possible connection between oceanic tides and climate variability arises from modulations in tidally induced vertical mixing. The idea is reexamined here with emphasis on near-decadal time scales. Occasional extreme tides caused by unusually ...
Richard D. Ray
Climatic Variability at Ten Stations Across the United States
Ten stations are chosen for a study of climatic variability in the continental United States, using as the main criteria good geographical distribution, long-period records (since before 1900), and available daily, monthly and annual values of ...
Kevin C. Vining; John F. Griffiths
Interannual Modes of Variability in Atmospheric Angular Momentum
The interannual variability of atmospheric angular momentum over a 26-yr period is studied regionally using monthly analyses of zonal winds derived from the global rawinsonde network. Variations in zonal-mean momentum, filtered to emphasize ...
Robert X. Black; David A. Salstein; Richard D. Rosen
Simulation of North Atlantic Low-Frequency SST Variability
The role of atmospheric circulation anomalies in generating midlatitude sea surface temperature (SST) variability is investigated by means of ocean general circulation model (OGCM) experiments, in which observed winds are prescribed during the ...
Ute Luksch
Global Variability of the Wavenumber Spectrum of Oceanic Mesoscale Turbulence
The wavenumber spectra of sea surface height from satellite altimeter observations have revealed complex spatial variability that cannot be explained by a universal theory of mesoscale turbulence. Near the edge of the core regions of high eddy ...
Yongsheng Xu; Lee-Lueng Fu
Impact of Gravity Waves on Marine Stratocumulus Variability
The impact of gravity waves on marine stratocumulus is investigated using a large-eddy simulation model initialized with sounding profiles composited from the Variability of American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean�Cloud�Atmosphere�Land Study ...
Qingfang Jiang; Shouping Wang
Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Thailand Summer Monsoon Season
Summer monsoon rains are a critical factor in Thailand�s water resources and agricultural planning and management. In fact, they have a significant impact on the country�s economic health. Consequently, understanding the variability of the summer ...
Nkrintra Singhrattna; Balaji Rajagopalan; K. Krishna Kumar; Martyn Clark
Short-Term Climatic Variability of the Arctic
The circulation of the Arctic atmosphere undergoes large fluctuations about its monthly and annual means. The statistics of Arctic sea level pressure and temperature are evaluated in order to place Arctic atmospheric variability into the context ...
John E. Walsh; William L. Chapman
Variable Speed Fan Retrofits for Computer Room Air Conditioners
Variable-Speed Fan Retrofits for Computer-Room Air Conditioners Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program Technology Case Study Bulletin By...
Groundwater Constraints on Simulated Transpiration Variability over Southeastern Australian Forests
A land surface scheme with and without groundwater�vegetation interactions is used to explore the impact of rainfall variability on transpiration over drought-vulnerable regions of southeastern Australia. The authors demonstrate that if ...
M. Decker; A. J. Pitman; J. P. Evans
Evaluation of the temporal scaling variability in forecasting ground ...
Aug 9, 2012 ... temporal scaling behavior and the data distribution over different .... them is not significant after introducing a new variable, the latter is ... Iberian Peninsula ( warm temperatures and high solar radiation) ..... New York: Springer.
Observed Interannual Variability of Tropical Troposphere Relative Humidity
Relative humidity fields from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) flown on NOAA series satellites since 1979 have been used to study the seasonal aspects of the interannual variability of relative humidity in the tropical ...
Mark P. McCarthy; Ralf Toumi
Intraseasonal Variability in MERRA Energy Fluxes over the Tropical Oceans
This paper investigates intraseasonal variability as represented by the recent NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) reanalysis, the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). The authors examine the ...
Franklin R. Robertson; Jason B. Roberts
Intraseasonal Oscillations and Interannual Variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon
How and to what extent the intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) influence the seasonal mean and its interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon is investigated using 42-yr (1956�97) daily circulation data from National Centers for ...
B. N. Goswami; R. S. Ajaya Mohan
Mesoscale Variability in Denmark Strait: The PV Outflow Hypothesis
The outflow through Denmark Strait shows remarkable mesoscale variability characterized by the continuous formation of intense mesoscale cyclones just south of the sill. These cyclones have a diameter of about 30 km and clear signatures at the ...
Michael A. Spall; James F. Price
Variability of Population-Weighted Seasonal Heating Degree Days
Regional and national heating fuel demand is related to both weather and population density. This study analyzes the variability of population-weighted, seasonal heating degree days for the coterminous 48 states. A risk assessment of unusual ...
Nathaniel B. Guttman
Atmospheric Variability on a Zonally Symmetric Land Planet
Atmospheric variability an a zonally symmetric planet in the absence of external forcing anomalies is studied. With idealized boundary conditions such as the absence of ocean and topography, and by using perpetual equinox solar forcing, a 15-year ...
Lai-Yung Leung; Gerald R. North
Separating Forced from Chaotic Climate Variability over the Past Millennium
Reconstructions of past climate show notable temperature variability over the past millennium, with relatively warm conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and a relatively cold Little Ice Age (LIA). Multimodel simulations of the past ...
Andrew P. Schurer; Gabriele C. Hegerl; Michael E. Mann; Simon F. B. Tett; Steven J. Phipps
Intraseasonal and Interannual Variability of Rainfall over India
A gridded daily rainfall dataset prepared from observations at 3700 stations is used to analyze the intraseasonal and interannual variability of the summer monsoon rainfall over India. It is found that the major drought years are characterized by ...
V. Krishnamurthy; J. Shukla
Pacific Decadal Variability: Paced by Rossby Basin Modes?
A systematic study is presented of decadal climate variability in the North Pacific. In particular, the hypothesis is addressed that oceanic Rossby basin modes are responsible for enhanced energy at decadal and bidecadal time scales. To this end, ...
Wilbert Weijer; Ernesto Mu�oz; Niklas Schneider; Fran�ois Primeau
Statistical Quality of Spectral Polarimetric Variables for Weather Radar
Spectral polarimetry for weather radar capitalizes on both Doppler and polarimetric measurements to reveal polarimetric variables as a function of radial velocity through spectral analysis. For example, spectral differential reflectivity at a ...
Tian-You Yu; Xiao Xiao; Yadong Wang
A Global Numerical Weather Prediction Model with Variable Resolution
A conformal transformation suggested by F. Schmidt is followed to implement a global spectral model with variable resolution. A conformal mapping is defined from a physical sphere (like the earth) to a transformed (computational) sphere. The ...
Vivek Hardiker
Orthobaric Density: A Thermodynamic Variable for Ocean Circulation Studies
A new density variable, empirically corrected for pressure, is constructed. This is done by first fitting compressibility (or sound speed) computed from global ocean datasets to an empirical function of pressure and in situ density (or specific ...
Roland A. de Szoeke; Scott R. Springer; David M. Oxilia
Sliding mode control strategy for variable speed wind turbine
The efficiency of the wind power conversions systems can be greatly improved using an appropriate control algorithm. In this work, a robust control for variable speed wind power generation that incorporates a doubly feed induction generator is described. ...
Oscar Barambones; Jose Maria Gonzalez De Durana
Heart rate variability in mice with coronary heart disease
Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat fluctuation of the heart rate, is a non-invasive test that measures the autonomic regulation of the heart. Assessment of HRV has been shown to predict the risk of mortality ...
Zapanta, Laurence (Laurence F.)
Dynamics of Interdecadal Climate Variability: A Historical Perspective
The emerging interest in decadal climate prediction highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of decadal to interdecadal climate variability. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of our understanding of interdecadal ...
Zhengyu Liu
Interannual Variability of Trace Gases in the Subtropical Winter Stratosphere
Measurements of water vapor and methane from the Halogen Occultation Experiment instrument on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite are used to study the interannual variability of trace gas distributions in the atmosphere. Particular ...
L. J. Gray; J. M. Russell Jr.
Classification of Regional Climate Variability in the State of California
A novel approach is presented to objectively identify regional patterns of climate variability within the state of California using principal component analysis on monthly precipitation and temperature data from a network of 195 climate stations ...
John T. Abatzoglou; Kelly T. Redmond; Laura M. Edwards
Modeling Semidiurnal Internal Tide Variability in the Southern California Bight
The Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) is applied in a nested configuration with realistic forcing to the Southern California Bight (SCB) to analyze the variability in semidiurnal internal wave generation and propagation. The SCB has a ...
M. C. Buijsman; Y. Uchiyama; J. C. McWilliams; C. R. Hill-Lindsay
Intraseasonal Variability in a Barotropic Model with Seasonal Forcing
It has recently been suggested that oscillatory topographic instability could contribute to low-frequency variability over the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. A barotropic potential vorticity model, with a hierarchy of forcing and topography ...
Christopher M. Strong; Fei-Fei Jin; Michael Ghil
Joint Variability of Global Runoff and Global Sea Surface Temperatures
Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905�2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly ...
Gregory J. McCabe; David M. Wolock
Intraseasonal Variability of the West African Monsoon and Atlantic ITCZ
Intraseasonal variability of boreal summer rainfall and winds in tropical West Africa and the east Atlantic is examined using daily Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation and the NCEP�NCAR reanalysis during 1998�2006. ...
Eric D. Maloney; Jeffrey Shaman
Results from the NREL Variable-Speed Test bed
The NREL Variable-Speed Test bed turbine has been used to examine the performance and controllability of a variable-speed, variable-pitch turbine. Control strategies that eliminate drive-train torque fluctuations in high winds have been published before and example data are given here. The energy capture of a variable-speed wind turbine depends in part on its ability to successfully operate at the peak of the C{sub p}-{lambda} curve. The losses associated with the inability of the rotor to stay exactly on top of the curve at all have been found and quantified. New control strategies for improving energy capture in moderate winds are also proposed. The potential exists to improve overall energy capture by 5% or more.
Fingersh, L.J.; Carlin, P.W. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States). National Wind Technology Center
Multi-variable optimization of pressurized oxy-coal combustion
Simultaneous multi-variable gradient-based optimization with multi-start is performed on a 300 MWe wet-recycling pressurized oxy-coal combustion process with carbon capture and sequestration. The model accounts for realistic ...
Zebian, Hussam
Temperature and Salinity Variability in Heterogeneous Oceanic Convection
In regions of active oceanic convection, such as the Labrador Sea, small- and mesoscale spatial variability is observed in the temperature and salinity fields (T and S). Often T and S structures are �density-compensated,� with the density ...
Sonya Legg; James C. McWilliams
Simulating Random Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric...
Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric Concentrations of Toxic Gas from Pipeline Ruptures Speaker(s): David J. Wilson Date: February 4, 2004 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg....
Enhanced MJO-like Variability at High SST
The authors report a significant increase in Madden�Julian oscillation (MJO)�like variability in a superparameterized version of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model run with high sea surface temperatures (SSTs). A series of aquaplanet simulations ...
Nathan P. Arnold; Zhiming Kuang; Eli Tziperman
Central-West Argentina Summer Precipitation Variability and Atmospheric Teleconnections
The interannual-to-multidecadal variability of central-west Argentina (CWA) summer (October�March) precipitation and associated tropospheric circulation are studied in the period 1900�2010. Precipitation shows significant quasi cycles with periods ...
Eduardo A. Agosta; Rosa H. Compagnucci
Antarctic Bottom Water Variability in a Coupled Climate Model
The natural variability of the Weddell Sea variety of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is examined in a long-term integration of a coupled climate model. Examination of passive tracer concentrations suggests that the model AABW is predominantly ...
Agus Santoso; Matthew H. England
Separating forced from chaotic climate variability over the past millennium
Reconstructions of past climate show notable temperature variability over the past millennium, with relatively warm conditions during the �Medieval Climate Anomaly� (MCA) and a relatively cold �Little Ice Age� (LIA). We use multi-model simulations ...
Andrew Schurer; Gabriele Hegerl; Michael E. Mann; Simon F. B. Tett; Steven J. Phipps
Projection of Climate Change onto Modes of Atmospheric Variability
Two possible interpretations of forced climate change view it as projecting, either linearly or nonlinearly, onto the dominant modes of variability of the climate system. An evaluation of these two interpretations is performed using annual mean ...
D�ith�A. Stone; Andrew J. Weaver; Ronald J. Stouffer
Have Aerosols Caused the Observed Atlantic Multidecadal Variability?
Identifying the prime drivers of the twentieth-century multidecadal variability in the Atlantic Ocean is crucial for predicting how the Atlantic will evolve in the coming decades and the resulting broad impacts on weather ...
Zhang, Rong
Identifying the prime drivers of the twentieth-century multidecadal variability in the Atlantic Ocean is crucial for predicting how the Atlantic will evolve in the coming decades and the resulting broad impacts on weather and precipitation ...
Rong Zhang; Thomas L. Delworth; Rowan Sutton; Daniel L. R. Hodson; Keith W. Dixon; Isaac M. Held; Yochanan Kushnir; John Marshall; Yi Ming; Rym Msadek; Jon Robson; Anthony J. Rosati; MingFang Ting; Gabriel A. Vecchi
Antarctic Sea Ice Extent Variability and Its Global Connectivity
This study statistically evaluates the relationship between Antarctic sea ice extent and global climate variability. Temporal cross correlations between detrended Antarctic sea ice edge (SIE) anomaly and various climate indices are calculated. ...
Xiaojun Yuan; Douglas G. Martinson
Heart Rate Variability in Mice with Coronary Heart Disease
Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat fluctuation of the heart rate, is a noninvasive test that measures the autonomic regulation of the heart. Assessment of HRV has been shown to predict the risk of mortality in patients after an acute myocardial infarction. Recently, the Krieger lab at MIT developed genetically engineered double knockout (dKO) mice that develop coronary artery disease accompanied by spontaneous myocardial infarctions and die at a very young age. This thesis investigated whether HRV could function as a prognostic indicator in the dKO mouse. A novel method for estimating physiological state of the mouse from the electrocardiogram using an innovative activity index was developed in order to compare HRV variables at different times while controlling for physiologic state. Traditional time and frequency domain variables were used to assess the prognostic power of HRV. Results have shown that none of the HRV variables were helpful in predicting
Laurence Zapanta; Roger G. Mark
Estimation of Ultraviolet-B Irradiance under Variable Cloud Conditions
Methods to estimate the irradiance of ultraviolet-B (UVB; 280�320 nm) radiation are needed to assess biological effects of changes in atmospheric composition. Measurements of the spatial distribution of sky cloud cover, temporal variability of ...
Richard H. Grant; Gordon M. Heisler
Understanding Space Weather: The Sun as a Variable Star
The American Meteorological Society has recently adopted space weather as a new core competency. This is the first in a series of papers discussing the multidisciplinary aspects of space weather. This paper concerns the physics behind solar variability, ...
Keith Strong; Julia Saba; Therese Kucera
Spatiotemporal Variability of Summer Precipitation in Southeastern Arizona
The Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Southeastern Arizona covers ~150 km2 and receives the majority of its annual precipitation from highly variable and intermittent summer storms during the North American monsoon. In this study the ...
Susan Stillman; Xubin Zeng; William J. Shuttleworth; David C. Goodrich; Carl L. Unkrich; Marek Zreda
Advanced Variable Speed Air-Source Integrated Heat Pump
variable speed air-source variable speed air-source integrated heat pump (AS-IHP) - CRADA Van D. Baxter Oak Ridge National Laboratory email@example.com; 865-574-2104 April 3, 2013 Development of advanced HVAC/WH system options for efficient residential or small commercial buildings, new const. or retrofit * ET R&D project in support of DOE/BTO Goal of 50% Reduction in Building Energy Use by 2030 IHP concept - all HVAC & WH services integrated into
Asian Summer Monsoon Intraseasonal Variability in General Circulation Models
The goals of this report are: (1) Analyze boreal summer Asian monsoon intraseasonal variability general circulation models--How well do the models represent the eastward and northward propagating components of the convection and how well do the models represent the interactive control that the western tropical Pacific rainfall exerts on the rainfall over India and vice-versa? (2) Role of air-sea interactions--prescribed vs. interactive ocean; and (3) Mean monsoon vs. variability.
Sperber, K R; Annamalai, H
Assessment of Commercial Space Conditioning Technologies: Variable Capacity Rooftop Units
Space conditioning in U.S. commercial buildings is commonly performed by a packaged air-source rooftop unit (RTU). In recent years, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) manufacturers have begun to develop RTUs with higher efficiency through the implementation of variable capacity technology. Variable capacity RTUs potentially offer electric utilities a new resource for achieving energy and peak power reduction. This document aims to serve as a resource for electric utilities in ...
Searching for Variability in the Globular Cluster Messier 4
Time-series data taken with the Hubble Space Telescope of a field six core radii (~5') from the center of the globular cluster Messier 4, and covering a period of about 10 weeks in early 2001, have been analyzed in search of variable objects. Various criteria were employed to select candidate variable stars. Period searches were performed on the selected candidates using phase dispersion minimization (PDM). The reliability of the PDM search results was tested using synthetic light curves of eclipsing binary stars and sinusoidal light curves of different periods. Results from this analysis showed that there are probably no eclipsing binary stars or periodic variables in our field with periods on the order of a few hours to a few days, down to limiting magnitudes of V~25 and I~24, which is consistent with the absence of contact binaries such as W Ursae Majoris systems. However, one candidate variable star does show an increase in brightness of ~0.1 magnitudes in both bandpasses, which seems to last for a few days. Possible explanations concerning the nature of this object include a binary system with a white dwarf primary and a low-mass main sequence secondary, or a BY Draconis variable star. We are able to set an upper limit to the observed fraction of photometric variability in this dataset of 0.05%.
Robert D. Ferdman; Harvey B. Richer; James Brewer; Greg G. Fahlman; Brad K. Gibson; Brad M. S. Hansen; Mark E. Huber; Rodrigo A. Ibata; Jasonjot S. Kalirai; Jaymie M. Matthews; R. Michael Rich; Jason F. Rowe; Michael M. Shara; Peter B. Stetson
Quantifying the source of reentrant line variability and the effects of processes standardization on tool availability variability
This thesis quantifies the sensitivity of tool availability variability with respect to product throughput and examines how Intel's High Precision Maintenance initiative can be used to minimize these effects. Tools with ...
Peavey, Milo Camp
Interannual Variability of the Antarctic Ozone Hole in a GCM. Part I: The Influence of Tropospheric Wave Variability
To study the interannual variability of the Antarctic ozone hole, a physically realistic parameterization of the chemistry responsible for severe polar ozone loss has been included in the GISS GCM. The ensuing ozone hole agrees well with ...
Drew T. Shindell; Sun Wong; David Rind
Modeling the Effect of Land Surface Evaporation Variability on Precipitation Variability. Part II: Time- and Space-Scale structure
This is the second of a two-part article investigating the impact of variations of land surface evaporability on the interannual variability of precipitation. The first goal of this part is to analyze the relationship between the atmospheric ...
Oreste Reale; Paul Dirmeyer; Adam Schlosser
A GEFA Assessment of Observed Global Ocean Influence on U.S. Precipitation Variability: Attribution to Regional SST Variability Modes
This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the observed influence of the global ocean on U.S. precipitation variability using the method of Generalized Equilibrium Feedback Assessment (GEFA), which enables an unambiguous attribution of the ...
Yafang Zhong; Zhengyu Liu; Michael Notaro
Rapid Variability: What do we learn from correlated mm-/gamma-ray variability in jets ?
Densely time sampled multi-frequency flux measurements of the extreme BL Lac object S5 0716+714 over the past three years allow us to study its broad-band variability, and the detailed underlying physics, with emphasis on the location and size of the emitting regions and the evolution with time. We study the characteristics of some prominent mm-/gamma-ray flares in the context of the shock-in-jet model and investigate the location of the high energy emission region. The rapid rise and decay of the radio flares is in agreement with the formation of a shock and its evolution, if a geometrical variation is included in addition to intrinsic variations of the source. We find evidence for a correlation between flux variations at gamma-ray and radio frequencies. A two month time-delay between gamma-ray and radio flares indicates a non-cospatial origin of gamma-rays and radio flux variations in S5 0716+714.
Rani, B; Fuhrmann, L; Lott, B; Boettcher, M; Zensus, J A
A single dimensionless variable for solar chimney power plant modeling
The solar chimney power plant is a relatively new technology for generating electricity from solar energy. In this paper dimensional analysis is used together with engineering intuition to combine eight primitive variables into only one dimensionless variable that establishes a dynamic similarity between a prototype and its scaled models. Three physical configurations of the plant were numerically tested for similarity: fully geometrically similar, partially geometrically similar, and dissimilar types. The values of the proposed dimensionless variable for all these cases were found to be nominally equal to unity. The value for the physical plant actually built and tested previously was also evaluated and found to be about the same as that of the numerical simulations, suggesting the validity of the proposition. The physical meaning of this dimensionless (similarity) variable is also interpreted; and the connection between the Richardson number and this new variable was found. It was found also that, for a fixed solar heat flux, different-sized models that are fully or partially geometrically similar share an equal excess temperature across the roof outlet. (author)
Koonsrisuk, Atit; Chitsomboon, Tawit [School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 (Thailand)
Variable stars in the globular cluster M28 (NGC 6626)
We present a new search for variable stars in the Galactic globular cluster M28 (NGC 6626). The search is based on a series of BVI images obtained with the SMARTS Consortium's 1.3m telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Chile. The search was carried out using the ISIS v2.2 image subtraction package. We find a total of 25 variable stars in the field of the cluster, 9 being new discoveries. Of the newly found variables, 1 is an ab-type RR Lyrae star, 6 are c-type RR Lyrae, and 2 are long-period/semi-regular variables. V22, previously classified as a type II Cepheid, appears as a bona-fide RRc in our data. In turn, V20, previously classified as an ab-type RR Lyrae, could not be properly phased with any reasonable period. The properties of the ab-type RR Lyrae stars in M28 appear most consistent with an Oosterhoff-intermediate classification, which is unusual for bona-fide Galactic globulars clusters. However, the cluster's c-type variables do not clearly support such an Oosterhoff type, and a hybr...
Prieto, G; Ramos, R Contreras; Pritzl, B J; Smith, H A; Alonso-Garcia, J
Pulsating Variable Stars in the Coma Berenices dwarf spheroidal galaxy
We present B, V, I time-series photometry of the Coma Berenices dwarf spheroidal galaxy, a faint Milky Way satellite, recently discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We have obtained V, B-V and V, V-I color-magnitude diagrams that reach V~23.0-23.2 mag showing the galaxy turnoff at V~21.7 mag, and have performed the first study of the variable star population of this new Milky Way companion. Two RR Lyrae stars (a fundamental-mode -RRab- and a first overtone -RRc- pulsator) and a short period variable with period P=0.12468 days were identified in the galaxy. The RRab star has a rather long period of P_ab=0.66971 days and is about 0.2 mag brighter than the RRc variable and other non-variable stars on the galaxy horizontal branch. In the period-amplitude diagram the RRab variable falls closer to the loci of Oosterhoff type-II systems and evolved fundamental-mode RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic globular cluster M3. The average apparent magnitude of the galaxy horizontal branch, =18.64+-0.04 mag, leads to a di...
Musella, I; Clementini, G; Dall'Ora, M; Kinemuchi, K; Di Fabrizio, L; Greco, C; Marconi, M; Smith, H; Radovich, M; Beers, T
Internal Versus SST-Forced Atmospheric Variability as Simulated by an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
The variability of atmospheric flow is analyzed by separating it into an internal part due to atmospheric dynamics only and an external (or forced) part due to the variability of sea surface temperature forcing. The two modes of variability are ...
Ali Harzallah; Robert Sadourny
Variability of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone Simulated by an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
Interannual and decadal variability of the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) during austral summer [season January�February�March (JFM)] is investigated. An attempt is made to separate the forced variability from the internal variability. ...
Marcelo Barreiro; Ping Chang; R. Saravanan
Interannual variability of monsoon precipitation and local subcloud equivalent potential"! temperature#!
! "! Interannual variability of monsoon precipitation and local subcloud equivalent email@example.com"&! "'! Keywords: monsoon, interannual variability, convective quasi-equilibrium, equivalent potential"(! temperature")! #12;! #! ABSTRACT"*! The interannual variability of monsoon precipitation is described
Natural Gas Variability in California: Environmental Impacts and Device
Natural Gas Variability in California: Environmental Impacts and Device Natural Gas Variability in California: Environmental Impacts and Device Performance - Experimental Evaluation of Pollutant Emissions from Residential Appliances Title Natural Gas Variability in California: Environmental Impacts and Device Performance - Experimental Evaluation of Pollutant Emissions from Residential Appliances Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-2897E Year of Publication 2009 Authors Singer, Brett C., Michael G. Apte, Douglas R. Black, Toshifumi Hotchi, Donald Lucas, Melissa M. Lunden, Anna G. Mirer, Michael Spears, and Douglas P. Sullivan Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley Keywords carbon monoxide, dioxide, energy performance of buildings group, formaldehyde, indoor air quality, indoor airflow and pollutant transport, indoor environment department, liquefied natural gas, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, particle number, pollutant exposures, ultrafine particles
Determination of variable dependence information through abstract interpretation
Traditional schemes for abstract interpretation-based global analysis of logic programs generally focus on obtaining procedure argument mode and type information. Variable sharing information is often given only the attention needed to preserve the correctness of the analysis. However, such sharing information can be very useful. In particular, it can be used for predicting run-time goal independence, which can eliminate costly run-time checks in interpretation in logic programs is described which infers the dependencies of the terms bound to program variables with increased precision and at all points in the execution of the program, rather than just at a procedure level. Algorithms are presented for computing abstract entry and success substitutions which extensively keep track of variable aliasing and term dependence information. The algorithms are illustrated with examples. 1
K. Muthukumar; M. Hermenegildo
Benchmarking Variable Cost Performance in an Industrial Power Plant
One of the most perplexing problems for industrial power plants committed to improving competitiveness is measuring variable cost performance over time. Because variable costs like fuel and electricity represent the overwhelming majority of power plant expenses, it is imperative to develop and deploy a tool that can help plants benchmark operating performance. This paper introduces a benchmarking methodology designed to meet this need. The "Energy Conversion Index" (ECI) ratios the "value" of utilities exported from the power plant to the actual cost of the fuel and electricity required to produce them, generating a single number or "index." Variable cost performance is benchmarked by comparing the index from one period of time to the index of another comparable period of time. Savings (or costs) attributable to excellent (or poor) performance can easily be calculated by using the former period's index to project the current period's cost.
Kane, J. F.; Bailey, W. F.
Improved sample size determination for attributes and variables sampling
Earlier INMM papers have addressed the attributes/variables problem and, under conservative/limiting approximations, have reported analytical solutions for the attributes and variables sample sizes. Through computer simulation of this problem, we have calculated attributes and variables sample sizes as a function of falsification, measurement uncertainties, and required detection probability without using approximations. Using realistic assumptions for uncertainty parameters of measurement, the simulation results support the conclusions: (1) previously used conservative approximations can be expensive because they lead to larger sample sizes than needed; and (2) the optimal verification strategy, as well as the falsification strategy, are highly dependent on the underlying uncertainty parameters of the measurement instruments. 1 ref., 3 figs.
Stirpe, D.; Picard, R.R.
Integration of Variable Generation and Cost-Causation (Fact Sheet)
Variable renewable energy generation sources, such as wind and solar energy, provide benefits such as reduced environmental impact, zero fuel consumption, and low and stable costs. Advances in both technologies can reduce capital costs and provide significant control capabilities. However, their variability and uncertainty - which change with weather conditions, time of day, and season - can cause an increase in power system operating costs compared to a fully controllable power plant. Although a number of studies have assessed integration costs, calculating them correctly is challenging because it is difficult to accurately develop a baseline scenario without variable generation that properly accounts for the energy value. It is also difficult to appropriately allocate costs given the complex, nonlinear interactions between resources and loads.
Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy
Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy Resources in Control Centers for Reliable Grid Operations: Global Best Practices, Examples of Excellence and Lessons Learned Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy Resources in Control Centers for Reliable Grid Operations: Global Best Practices, Examples of Excellence and Lessons Learned Agency/Company /Organization: United States Department of Energy Sector: Climate, Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Grid Assessment and Integration, Wind Topics: Best Practices Resource Type: Lessons learned/best practices, Publications, Technical report Website: www1.eere.energy.gov/wind/pdfs/doe_wind_integration_report.pdf
Variability in Measured Space Temperatures in 60 Homes
Variability in Measured Space Variability in Measured Space Temperatures in 60 Homes David Roberts National Renewable Energy Laboratory Kerylyn Lay EnerNOC (formerly of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Technical Report NREL/TP-5500-58059 March 2013 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 * www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Variability in Measured Space Temperatures in 60 Homes David Roberts National Renewable Energy Laboratory Kerylyn Lay EnerNOC (formerly of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
Simulating Random Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric
Simulating Random Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric Simulating Random Natural Variability in Time-Varying Atmospheric Concentrations of Toxic Gas from Pipeline Ruptures Speaker(s): David J. Wilson Date: February 4, 2004 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Jeiwon Deputy Random time series are found everywhere in nature. The Brownian motion of small particles; the price of assets (stocks) in financial markets; the diffusion of individual molecules through a membrane; the ballistic deposition of nano-particles onto a lattice substrate; and the time-varying concentration fluctuations at a point downwind from a pollution source all have a common dynamic description. All are stochastic processes where the local rate of change of the variable has a natural drift back to some equilibrium state, combined with a random fluctuating component. We will
Bottling Electricity: Storage as a Strategic Tool for Managing Variability
Bottling Electricity: Storage as a Strategic Tool for Managing Bottling Electricity: Storage as a Strategic Tool for Managing Variability and Capacity Concerns in the Modern Grid - EAC Report (December 2008) Bottling Electricity: Storage as a Strategic Tool for Managing Variability and Capacity Concerns in the Modern Grid - EAC Report (December 2008) The objectives of this report are to provide the Secretary of Energy with the Electricity Advisory Committee's proposed five-year plan for integrating basic and applied research on energy storage technology applications. This report recommends policies that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) should consider as it develops and implements an energy storage technologies program, as authorized by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Bottling Electricity: Storage as a Strategic Tool for Managing Variability
Fuel-optimal space-flight transfer solutions through a redundant adjoint variable transformation.
?? A transformation between minimum dimension adjoint variables and redundant adjoint variables is derived in this dissertation. The transformation is then applied between the adjoint� (more)
Lawton, John Arthur
Characterization and analysis of process variability in deeply-scaled MOSFETs
Variability characterization and analysis in advanced technologies are needed to ensure robust performance as well as improved process capability. This thesis presents a framework for device variability characterization ...
Balakrishnan, Karthik, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Best Practices for Energy Efficient Cleanrooms Efficient HVAC Systems: Variable-Speed-Drive Chillers
resource/24/ ASHRAE handbook � HVAC systems and equipments.Efficient Cleanrooms Efficient HVAC Systems: Variable-Speed-Efficient Cleanrooms Efficient HVAC Water Systems: Variable-
Xu, Tengfang
Role of the Indian and Pacific Oceans in the Indian Summer Monsoon Variability .
??The role of the Indian and Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the intraseasonal and interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is� (more)
Achuthavarier, Deepthi
Comparison of energy efficiency between variable refrigeranttheir superior energy efficiency. The variable refrigerantfew studies reporting the energy efficiency of VRF systems
Variable Iron K-alpha Lines in Seyfert 1 Galaxies
We find that variability of the iron K-alpha line is common in Seyfert 1 galaxies. Using data from the ASCA archive for objects that have been observed more than once during the mission, we study the time-averaged spectra from individual observations, thereby probing variability on timescales that range from days to years. Since the statistics of the data do not warrant searches for line variability in terms of a complex physical model, we use a a simple Gaussian to model the gross shape of the line, and then use the centroid energy, intensity and equivalent width as robust indicators of changes in the line profile. We find that ~70% of Seyfert 1s (ten out of fifteen) show variability in at least one of these parameters: the centroid energy, intensity, and equivalent width vary in six, four, and eight sources respectively. Due to the low S/N, limited sampling and time averaging, we consider these results to represent lower limits to the rate of incidence of variability. In most cases changes in the line do not appear to track changes in the continuum. In particular, we find no evidence for variability of the line intensity in NGC 4151, suggesting an origin in a region larger than the putative accretion disk, where most of the iron line has been thought to originate. Mkn 279 is investigated on short timescales. The time-averaged effective line energy is 6.5 keV in the galaxy rest frame. As the continuum flux increases by 20% in a few hours, the Fe K line responds with the effective line energy increasing by 0.22 keV (~10,500 km s^-1). Problems with the ASCA and Rosat calibration that affect simultaneous spectral fits are discussed in an appendix.
K. A. Weaver; J. Gelbord; T. Yaqoob
Variable-Speed Wind System Design : Final Report.
Almost from the onset of the development of wind energy conversion systems (WECS), it was known that variable-speed operation of the turbine would maximize energy capture. This study was commissioned to assess the cost, efficiency gain, reduction of the cost of energy (COE), and other operating implications of converting the existing hardware of a modern fixed-speed wind energy conversion system to variable-speed operation. The purpose of this study was to develop a preliminary design for the hardware required to allow variable-speed operation using a doubly-fed generator with an existing fixed-speed wind turbine design. The turbine selected for this study is the AWT-26 designed and built by Advanced Wind Turbines Inc. of Redmond, Washington. The lowest projected COE using this variable-speed generation system is projected to be $0.0499/kWh, compared to the lowest possible COE with fixed-speed generation which is projected to be $0.0546/kWh. This translates into a 8.6% reduction of the COE using this variable-speed generation option. The preliminary system design has advanced to where the printed circuit boards can be physically laid out based on the schematics and the system software can be written based on the control flow-charts. The core of hardware and software has been proven to be successful in earlier versions of VSG systems. The body of this report presents the results of the VSWG system development. Operation under normal and fault conditions is described in detail, the system performance for variable-speed operation is estimated and compared to the original fixed-speed system performance, and specifications for all system components (generator, power electronic converter, and system controller) are given. Costs for all components are estimated, and incremental system cost is compared to incremental energy production. Finally, operational features of the VSWG which are not available in the existing FSWG system are outlined.
Lauw, Hinan K.; Weigand, Claus H.; Marckx, Dallas A.; Electronic Power Conditioning, Inc.
Variability of black-hole accretion discs: a theoretical study
modified by over 400 active volcanoes. The Sun changes its spots during the 11-year cycle while other stars vary strongly in brightness as they pulsate. In the solar case, variability is intrinsic to the astrophysical object. It can also be extrinsic if, e... of relativistic compact objects with their surroundings. Measurements of X-ray variability and theoretical studies of black-hole disc accretion have therefore been intimately related for the past 30 or 40 years. Combined, they provide a unique window...
Ferreira, B�rbara Trov�o
NREL Variability and Reserves Analysis for the Western Interconnect (Presentation)
Additional variability and uncertainty increase reserve requirements. In this light, this presentation discusses how use of generation reserves can be optimized for managing variability and uncertainty. Conclusions of this presentation are: (1) Provided a method for calculating additional reserve requirements due to wind and solar production; (2) Method is based on statistical analysis of historical time series data; (3) Reserves are dynamic, produced for each hour; (4) Reserve time series are calculated from and synchronized to simulation data; (5) PROMOD can not model directly, but workarounds exist for regulation and spin; and (6) Other production modeling packages have varying capability for reserves modeling.
Milligan, M.; King, J.
This paper reports an update to the QUEST1 (QUasar Equatorial Survey Team, Phase 1) Variability Survey (QVS) light curve catalog, which links QVS instrumental magnitude light curves to Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) objects and photometry. In the time since the original QVS catalog release, the overlap between publicly available SDSS data and QVS data has increased by 8% in sky coverage and 16,728 in number of matched objects. The astrometric matching and the treatment of SDSS masks have been refined for the updated catalog. We report on these improvements and present multiple bandpass light curves, global variability information, and matched SDSS photometry for 214,941 QUEST1 objects.
Rengstorf, A. W.; Thompson, D. L. [Purdue University Calumet, Department of Chemistry and Physics, 2200 169th St., Hammond, IN 46323 (United States); Mufson, S. L.; Honeycutt, R. K.; Adams, B.; Baltay, C.; Gebhard, M. [Indiana University, 727 E. 3rd St., Bloomington, IN 47405 (United States); Andrews, P.; Coppi, P.; Emmet, W. [Yale University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06250-8121 (United States); Vivas, A. K.; Abad, C.; Bongiovanni, A.; Briceno, C.; Bruzual, G.; Prugna, F. Della; Hernandez, J. [Centro de Investigaciones de AstronomIa, Apartado Postal 264, Merida 5101-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Bailyn, C. [Yale University, Department of Astronomy, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06250-8101 (United States); Ferrin, I.; Fuenmayor, F. [Universidad de Los Andes, Apartado Postal 26, Merida 5251 (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (and others)
PEER-REVIEW Scrap tire pyrolysis: experiment and modelling
shell (biomass) cellulosa type of reaction flash pyrolysis pyrolysis flash pyrolysis slow pyrolysis. Scott, J. Piskorz, D. Radlein; Liquid Products from the Continuous Flash Pyrolysis of Biomass, Ind. Eng; The Continous Flash Pyrolysis of Biomass, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1984, 62, 404-412 #12
Columbia University
Feasibility of Energy Harvesting Using a Piezoelectric Tire.
??While the piezoelectric effect has been around for some time, it has only recently caught interest as a potential sustainable energy harvesting device. Piezoelectric energy� (more)
Malotte, Christopher Gilbert
in Firgure 7-17, circulates condensate from the cycle itself through the cooling tower, and then sprays F. Therefore the air flow is less than we might have hoped for with a large cooling tower of about 1.2% in evaporation in Table 7-2 (page 271). Problem 7-12: Indirect dry cooling towers
Investigation of carbon residue from pyrolyzed scrap tires.
??The objectives of this study are: (1) Blending the Conrad residue with coal-derived pitches and its effect on the pitch properties. (2) The activation of� (more)
Bandlamudi, Bhagat Chandra.
Mining commonalities and variabilities from natural language documents
A company who wishes to enter an established marked with a new, competitive product is required to analyse the product solutions of the competitors. Identifying and comparing the features provided by the other vendors might greatly help during ... Keywords: software product lines, variability mining
Alessio Ferrari, Giorgio O. Spagnolo, Felice Dell'Orletta
A scalable goal-oriented approach to software variability recovery
Software reuse approaches, such as software product lines, can help to achieve considerable effort and cost savings in product development for sets of software systems with a significant overlap in functionality. However, in the practice many organizations ... Keywords: product lines, reverse engineering, software reuse, source code mining, variability, variant, visualization
Slawomir Duszynski
Trends and Interannual Variability of Wind Speed Distributions in Minnesota
Near-surface wind speed variability is investigated at seven stations in and surrounding Minnesota for recent climate records of 22�35 yr in length. Analyses focus on mean annual wind speeds and on the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles ...
Katherine Klink
Variable Selection for Five-Minute Ahead Electricity Load Forecasting
We use autocorrelation analysis to extract 6 nested feature sets of previous electricity loads for 5-minite ahead electricity load forecasting. We evaluate their predictive power using Australian electricity data. Our results show that the most important ... Keywords: very short-term electricity load forecasting, prediction, variable selection, autocorrelation analysis
Irena Koprinska; Rohen Sood; Vassilios Agelidis
Variability of consumer impacts from energy efficiency standards
A typical prospective analysis of the expected impact of energy efficiency standards on consumers is based on average economic conditions (e.g., energy price) and operating characteristics. In fact, different consumers face different economic conditions and exhibit different behaviors when using an appliance. A method has been developed to characterize the variability among individual households and to calculate the life-cycle cost of appliances taking into account those differences. Using survey data, this method is applied to a distribution of consumers representing the U.S. Examples of clothes washer standards are shown for which 70-90% of the population benefit, compared to 10-30% who are expected to bear increased costs due to new standards. In some cases, sufficient data exist to distinguish among demographic subgroups (for example, low income or elderly households) who are impacted differently from the general population. Rank order correlations between the sampled input distributions and the sampled output distributions are calculated to determine which variability inputs are main factors. This ''importance analysis'' identifies the key drivers contributing to the range of results. Conversely, the importance analysis identifies variables that, while uncertain, make so little difference as to be irrelevant in deciding a particular policy. Examples will be given from analysis of water heaters to illustrate the dominance of the policy implications by a few key variables.
McMahon, James E.; Liu, Xiaomin
Seasonal Kinetic Energy Variability of Near-Inertial Motions
Seasonal variability of near-inertial horizontal kinetic energy is examined using observations from a series of McLane Moored Profiler moorings located at 39�N, 69�W in the western North Atlantic Ocean in combination with a one-dimensional, depth-...
Katherine E. Silverthorne; John M. Toole
Total Solar Irradiance Variability and the Solar Activity Cycle
It is suggested that the solar variability is due to the perturbed nature of the solar core and this variability is provided by the variability of the solar neutrino flux from the solar neutrino detectors i.e., Homestake, Superkamiokande, SAGE and GALLEX-GNO. The solar neutrino flux in the standard solar model (SSM) was calculated on the assumption of L_nu (neutrino luminosity) = L_gamma (optical luminosity) which implies that if there is a change in optical luminosity then solar neutrino flux data will also be changed. An internal dynamo due to the cyclic variation of nuclear energy generation inside the core of the sun is responsible for the solar activity cycle was suggested and thus the internal magnetic field is also variable. Again the changes in the nuclear energy generation induce structural changes that result in variations of the global solar parameters i.e., luminosity, radius and temperatures etc. From the analysis of total solar irradiance (TSI) data during the year from 1970 to 2003 we have foun...
Raychaudhuri, P
Hybrid fuzzy-mechanistic models for addressing parameter variability
A simulation approach which integrates mechanistic models and fuzzy logic in order to accommodate parameter variability is developed and explored. The approach modifies a mechanistic model, such as a runoff model, for which the values of the parameters ... Keywords: Algal concentration modelling, Fuzzy logic, Model parameters, Modelling, Runoff modelling
Nicolas Lauzon; Barbara J. Lence
Limited Temporal Variability of Arsenic Concentrations in 20 Wells
Limited Temporal Variability of Arsenic Concentrations in 20 Wells Monitored for 3 Years switched their water consumption to wells that meet the local standard for As in drinking water of 50 µg if As concentrations in those wells could change over time. To address this issue, we report here precise groundwater
van Geen, Alexander
A Simulation of Variability of ENSO Forecast Skill
In many prediction schemes, the skill of long-range forecasts of ENSO events depends on the time of year. Such variability could be directly due to seasonal changes in the basic ocean-atmosphere system or due to the state of ENSO itself.
M. K. Davey; D. L. T. Anderson; S. Lawrence
Modeling the Variability of the Greater Agulhas Current System
An eddy-permitting, regional ocean model has been used to examine the variability in the source regions of the Agulhas Current on a range of time scales. These source regions are the East Madagascar Current, the flow through the Mozambique ...
J. C. Hermes; C. J. C. Reason; J. R. E. Lutjeharms
Spin as state variable for computation: prospects and perspectives
Recent experiments on spin devices like magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ's), domain wall magnets (DWM) and spin valves have led to the possibility of having very high density on-chip memories and logic. While the possibility of having on-chip spin transfer ... Keywords: low power, spin device, state variable, ultra low voltage
Kaushik Roy
Meager genetic variability of the human malaria agent Plasmodium vivax
collected from Azerbaijan, Thailand, Turkey, Venezuela, and Ethiopia. Three blood samples were ob- tained; AZE, Azerbaijan; THA, Thailand; TUR, Turkey; VEN, Venezuela; PNG, Papua New Guinea; MOZ, Mozambique variability, P. simium, which comes from South America, is more closely related to P. vivax from Azerbaijan
Decadal Variability in a Simplified Wind-Driven Ocean Model
The impact of an unsteady wind forcing on oceanic low-frequency variability is conceptually studied using a reduced-gravity shallow-water model. A time-averaged wind forcing and a simple ocean�atmosphere coupling is completed by a stochastic ...
Philip Sura; Frank Lunkeit; Klaus Fraedrich
LQG Controller for a Variable Speed Pitch Regulated Wind Turbine
This paper deals with the design of LQG controllers for pitch regulated, variable speed wind turbines where the controller is used primarily for controlling the pitch angle through a collective pitch angle in the high wind speed in order to guarantee ... Keywords: LQG controller, Pitch control, Wind Trubine
Xingjia Yao; Shu Liu; Guangkun Shan; Zuoxia Xing; Changchun Guo; Chuanbao Yi
Predictive Inference Using Latent Variables with Lynne Steuerle Schofield
institutionally-generated PV methodology and find it applies with greater generality than shown previously. When latent proficiency is an independent variable, we show that the standard institu- tional PV methodology with high reliability and precision, due to their efficient use of assessment data. Econometricians, policy
Understanding Variability and Uncertainty of Photovoltaics for Integration with the
Efficiency and Renewable Energy and by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the U of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (Permitting, Siting, and Analysis Division) of the U.S. Department and analysis are needed to understand the variability of photovoltaic (PV) plants to avoid unnecessary barriers
Regional Dynamics of Seasonal Variability in the South China Sea
Dynamics of the seasonal cycle of sea surface height (SSH) in the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using observations as well as numerical and theoretical models. Seasonal variability of the SCS is interpreted in light of large-scale dynamics ...
Zhengyu Liu; Haijun Yang; Qinyu Liu
A variable voltage MPPT control method for photovoltaic generation system
To increase the output efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) generation system it is important to have an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. This paper describes the analysis, design and implementation of an efficient tracking method ... Keywords: maximum power point tracking (MPPT), photovoltaic generation system, pulse-width-modulation (PWM), solar energy, variable voltage
Liu Liqun; Wang Zhixin
Eddy-Induced Instability for Low-Frequency Variability
Synoptic eddy�mean flow interaction has been recognized as one of the key sources for extratropical low-frequency variability. In this paper, the underlying dynamics of this interaction are examined from the perspective of a synoptic eddy-induced ...
F-F. Jin
Coherent State Distinguishability in Continuous Variable Quantum Cryptography
We use the probability of error as a measure of distinguishability between two pure and two mixed symmetric coherent states in the context of continuous variable quantum cryptography. We show that the two mixed symmetric coherent states (in which the various components have the same real part) never give an eavesdropper more information than two pure coherent states.
Christian Weedbrook; Mile Gu; Andrew M. Lance; Thomas Symul; Ping Koy Lam; Timothy C. Ralph
Solar activity and earth rotation variability R. Abarca del Rioa,
Solar activity and earth rotation variability R. Abarca del Rioa, *, D. Gambisb , D. Salsteinc , P to investigate a possible connection with solar activity fluctuations from interannual to secular time scales in AAM and LOD agrees with that in solar activity with regard to the decadal cycle in the stratospheric
Dai, Aiguo
It is suggested that the solar variability is due to the perturbed nature of the solar core and this variability is provided by the variability of the solar neutrino flux from the solar neutrino detectors i.e., Homestake, Superkamiokande, SAGE and GALLEX-GNO. The solar neutrino flux in the standard solar model (SSM) was calculated on the assumption of L_nu (neutrino luminosity) = L_gamma (optical luminosity) which implies that if there is a change in optical luminosity then solar neutrino flux data will also be changed. An internal dynamo due to the cyclic variation of nuclear energy generation inside the core of the sun is responsible for the solar activity cycle was suggested and thus the internal magnetic field is also variable. Again the changes in the nuclear energy generation induce structural changes that result in variations of the global solar parameters i.e., luminosity, radius and temperatures etc. From the analysis of total solar irradiance (TSI) data during the year from 1970 to 2003 we have found five phases within the solar activity cycle. The first phase (I) starts before two years from the sunspot minimum. The second phase (II) starts at the time of sunspot minimum and phase (III) starts before 2/3 years from sunspot maximum whereas phase (IV) starts at sunspot maximum and fifth phase (V) starts at after 2-3 years from sunspot maximum.
Probhas Raychaudhuri
Cartel Pricing Dynamics with Cost Variability and Endogenous Buyer Detection
of the cartel price to cost is most easily seen for large trends in cost. In Figure 1-b, cost rises over periodsCartel Pricing Dynamics with Cost Variability and Endogenous Buyer Detection Joseph E. Harrington characterizes collusive pricing patterns when buyers may detect the presence of a cartel. Buyers are assumed
Niebur, Ernst
Annual Cycle and Variability of the North Brazil Current
Current meter observations from an array of three subsurface moorings located on the Brazil continental slope near 4�N are used to describe the annual cycle and low-frequency variability of the North Brazil Current (NBC). The moored array was ...
W. E. Johns; T. N. Lee; R. C. Beardsley; J. Candela; R. Limeburner; B. Castro
Investigation of the Brazil Current front variability from altimeter data
Investigation of the Brazil Current front variability from altimeter data Gustavo J. Goni Atlantic, Brazil Abstract. The southwestern Atlantic Ocean is characterized by the confluence of the Brazil in conjunction with a two-layer dynamical ocean scheme to monitor the Brazil Current front and to investigate its
Visualizing Spatial and Temporal Variability in Coastal Observatories
In this paper, we describe a set of 3D and 4D visualization tools and techniques for CORIE, a complex environmental observation and forecasting system (EOFS) for the Columbia River. The Columbia River, a complex and highly variable estuary, is the target ... Keywords: coastal observatories, environmental observation and forecasting systems, coasts, estuaries, Columbia River
Walter H. Jimenez; Wagner T. Correa; Claudio T. Silva; Baptista Baptista
Time Scale and Feedback of Zonal-Mean-Flow Variability
The physical processes that determine the time scale of zonal-mean-flow variability are examined with an idealized numerical model that has a zonally symmetric lower boundary. In the part of the parameter space where the time-mean zonal flow is ...
Seok-Woo Son; Sukyoung Lee; Steven B. Feldstein; John E. Ten Hoeve
Variable-energy drift-tube linear accelerator
A linear accelerator system includes a plurality of post-coupled drift-tubes wherein each post coupler is bistably positionable to either of two positions which result in different field distributions. With binary control over a plurality of post couplers, a significant accumlative effect in the resulting field distribution is achieved yielding a variable-energy drift-tube linear accelerator.
Swenson, Donald A. (Los Alamos, NM); Boyd, Jr., Thomas J. (Los Alamos, NM); Potter, James M. (Los Alamos, NM); Stovall, James E. (Los Alamos, NM)
Platform effects on optical variability and prediction of underwater visibility
Platform effects on optical variability and prediction of underwater visibility Grace Chang,1, specifically the breakdown of stratification from mixing by the hull of R/P FLIP. Modeled underwater radiance Successful, rapid identification of underwater tar- gets and accurate underwater imaging are critical
You, Yu