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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Design of a Lithium-ion Battery Pack for PHEV Using a Hybrid Optimization Method
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Design of a Lithium-ion Battery Pack for PHEV Using a Hybrid Optimization Method Nansi Xue1 Abstract This paper outlines a method for optimizing the design of a lithium-ion battery pack for hy- brid, volume or material cost. Keywords: Lithium-ion, Optimization, Hybrid vehicle, Battery pack design
Papalambros, Panos
The impacts of graphene nanosheets and manganese valency on lithium storage characteristics in graphene/manganese oxide hybrid anode
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Graphene nanosheets (GNS) with attached MnOx nanoparticles are studied in regard to their structure and morphology. The relationship between the lithium storage performances and GNS contents as well as manganese valency was investigated. Experimental ...
S. L. Cheekati; Z. Yao; H. Huang
Valence Technology Inc | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Vehicles Product Valence develops and commercialises lithium phosphate rechargeable battery technologies for various uses from consumer electronics to hybrid vehicles....
Designing Safe Lithium-Ion Battery Packs Using Thermal Abuse Models (Presentation)
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
NREL and NASA developed a thermal-electrical model that resolves PTC and cell behavior under external shorting, now being used to evaluate safety margins of battery packs for spacesuit applications.
Pesaran, A. A.; Kim, G. H.; Smith, K.; Darcy, E.
Office of Technology Transfer Composite Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium-
of this technology. Page 6 Lithium-ion Batteries Could Hold the Key to 100-MPG Hybrids Lithium-ion batteries are a promising alternative to the nickel metal hydride batteries used in current-generation HEVs. Lithium-ion batteries pack more power and energy into a smaller battery package. But there's work to do before lithium-ion
Kemner, Ken
Battery pack
A battery pack is described, having a center of mass, for use with a medical instrument including a latch, an ejector, and an electrical connector, the battery pack comprising: energy storage means for storing electrical energy; latch engagement means, physically coupled to the energy storage means, for engaging the latch; ejector engagement means, physically coupled to the energy storage means, for engaging the ejector; and connector engagement means, physically coupled to the energy storage means, for engaging the connector, the latch engagement means, ejector engagement means, and connector engagement means being substantially aligned in a plane offset from the center of mass of the battery pack.
Weaver, R.J.; Brittingham, D.C.; Basta, J.C.
Conductive lithium storage electrode
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A compound comprising a composition A.sub.x(M'.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.y(XD.sub.4).sub.z, A.sub.x(M'.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.y(DXD.sub.4).sub.z, or A.sub.x(M'.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.y(X.sub.2D.sub.7).sub.z, and have values such that x, plus y(1-a) times a formal valence or valences of M', plus ya times a formal valence or valence of M'', is equal to z times a formal valence of the XD.sub.4, X.sub.2D.sub.7, or DXD.sub.4 group; or a compound comprising a composition (A.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.xM'.sub.y(XD.sub.4).sub.z, (A.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.xM'.sub.y(DXD.sub.4).sub.z (A.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.xM'.sub.y(X.sub.2D.sub.7).sub.z and have values such that (1-a).sub.x plus the quantity ax times the formal valence or valences of M'' plus y times the formal valence or valences of M' is equal to z times the formal valence of the XD.sub.4, X.sub.2D.sub.7 or DXD.sub.4 group. In the compound, A is at least one of an alkali metal and hydrogen, M' is a first-row transition metal, X is at least one of phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic, molybdenum, and tungsten, M'' any of a Group IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, VIIIA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, and VIB metal, D is at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, or a halogen, 0.0001lithium phosphate that can intercalate lithium or hydrogen. The compound can be used in an electrochemical device including electrodes and storage batteries and can have a gravimetric capacity of at least about 80 mAh/g while being charged/discharged at greater than about C rate of the compound.
Chiang, Yet-Ming (Framingham, MA); Chung, Sung-Yoon (Incheon, KR); Bloking, Jason T. (Mountain View, CA); Andersson, Anna M. (Vasteras, SE)
A compound comprising a composition A.sub.x(M'.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.y(XD.sub.4).sub.z, A.sub.x(M'.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.y(DXD.sub.4).sub.z, or A.sub.x(M'.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.y(X.sub.2D.sub.7).sub.z, and have values such that x, plus y(1-a) times a formal valence or valences of M', plus ya times a formal valence or valence of M'', is equal to z times a formal valence of the XD.sub.4, X.sub.2D.sub.7, or DXD.sub.4 group; or a compound comprising a composition (A.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.xM'.sub.y(XD.sub.4).sub.z, (A.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).sub.xM'.sub.y(DXD.sub.4).sub.z(A.sub.1-aM''.sub.a).s- ub.xM'.sub.y(X.sub.2D.sub.7).sub.z and have values such that (1-a).sub.x plus the quantity ax times the formal valence or valences of M'' plus y times the formal valence or valences of M' is equal to z times the formal valence of the XD.sub.4, X.sub.2D.sub.7 or DXD.sub.4 group. In the compound, A is at least one of an alkali metal and hydrogen, M' is a first-row transition metal, X is at least one of phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic, molybdenum, and tungsten, M'' any of a Group IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, VIIIA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, and VIB metal, D is at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, or a halogen, 0.0001lithium phosphate that can intercalate lithium or hydrogen. The compound can be used in an electrochemical device including electrodes and storage batteries and can have a gravimetric capacity of at least about 80 mAh/g while being charged/discharged at greater than about C rate of the compound.
Chiang, Yet-Ming (Framingham, MA); Chung, Sung-Yoon (Seoul, KR); Bloking, Jason T. (Cambridge, MA); Andersson, Anna M. (Uppsala, SE)
Lithium Iron Phosphate Composites for Lithium Batteries
The materials can be added at low cost without changing current scalable cathode ... Lithium Iron Phosphate Composites for Lithium Batteries ...
Electronically configured battery pack
Battery packs for portable equipment must sometimes accommodate conflicting requirements to meet application needs. An electronically configurable battery pack was developed to support two highly different operating modes, one requiring very low power consumption at a low voltage and the other requiring high power consumption at a higher voltage. The configurable battery pack optimizes the lifetime and performance of the system by making the best use of all available energy thus enabling the system to meet its goals of operation, volume, and lifetime. This paper describes the cell chemistry chosen, the battery pack electronics, and tradeoffs made during the evolution of its design.
Kemper, D.
Graphitic packing removal tool
Graphitic packing removal tools are described for removal of the seal rings in one piece from valves and pumps. The packing removal tool has a cylindrical base ring the same size as the packing ring with a surface finish, perforations, knurling or threads for adhesion to the seal ring. Elongated leg shanks are mounted axially along the circumferential center. A slit or slits permit insertion around shafts. A removal tool follower stabilizes the upper portion of the legs to allow a spanner wrench to be used for insertion and removal.
Meyers, K.E.; Kolsun, G.J.
Rigidity of packings
In Ludwig Danzer's Habilitatiionsschrift [L. Danzer, Endliche Punktmengen auf der 2-Sphare mit moglichst grossem minimalabstand, Habilitationsschrift, Gottingen, 1963] he initiated a study of the local nature of the packings from the point of view of ...
Robert Connelly
Packing sets of patterns
Packing density is a permutation occurrence statistic which describes the maximal number of permutations of a given type that can occur in another permutation. In this article we focus on containment of sets of permutations. Although this question has ...
Alexander Burstein; Peter H�st�
Lithium Local Pseudopotential Using
Lithium Local Pseudopotential Using DFT Sergio Orozco Student Advisor: Chen Huang Faculty Mentor Lithium LPS Test Lithium LPS #12;Density Functional Theory (DFT) Successful quantum mechanical approach (1979) #12;Building LPS for Lithium Create a LPS using NLPS density for Lithium Test LPS by comparing
Petta, Jason
Mesoporous TiO2-B Microspheres with Superior Rate Performance for Lithium Ion Batteries
SciTech Connect
Mesoporous TiO2-B microsperes with a favorable material architecture are designed and synthesized for high power lithium ion batteries. This material, combining the advantages of fast lithium transport with a pseudocapacitive mechanism, adequate electrode-electrolyte contact and compact particle packing in electrode layer, shows superior high-rate charge-discharge capability and long-time cyclability for lithium ion batteries.
Liu, Hansan [ORNL; Bi, Zhonghe [ORNL; Sun, Xiao-Guang [ORNL; Unocic, Raymond R [ORNL; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [ORNL; Dai, Sheng [ORNL; Brown, Gilbert M [ORNL
Optimization of blended battery packs
This thesis reviews the traditional battery pack design process for hybrid and electric vehicles, and presents a dynamic programming (DP) based algorithm that eases the process of cell selection and pack design, especially ...
Erb, Dylan C. (Dylan Charles)
LITHIUM-ION BATTERY CHARGING REPORT G. MICHAEL BARRAMEDA 1. Abstract This report introduces how to handle the Powerizer Li-Ion rechargeable Battery Packs. It will bring reveal battery specifications the amount of "de-Rating" the batteries have experienced. 2. Safety Guidelines · Must put battery
Ruina, Andy L.
Lithium Balance | Open Energy Information
navigation, search Name Lithium Balance Place Copenhagen, Denmark Product Lithium ion battery developer. References Lithium Balance1 LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No...
Packed Bed Combustion: An Overview
Packed Bed Combustion: An Overview William Hallett Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Université d'Ottawa - University of Ottawa #12;Packed Bed Combustion - University of Ottawa - CICS 2005 Introduction air fuel feedproducts xbed grate Packed Bed Combustion: fairly large particles of solid fuel on a grate, air supplied
Hallett, William L.H.
No Slide Title
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
track distance, average & maximum speeds AVTA PHEVs Currently Being Tested * EnergyCS Prius - 9 kWh Valence lithium pack - Completed baseline performance testing - Completed...
Device for packaging a lithium battery
Battery packing construction is described for packaging at least one lithium battery, the lithium battery including a solid polymer electrolyte in electrical contact with an anode of lithium or a lithium alloy and a cathode containing at least one metallic salt, the device comprising a first metallic foil having a first continuous band of plastic film bonded thereto by means of a thermoset adhesive along entire peripheral edges of the first metallic foil, a second metallic foil having a second continuous band of plastic film bonded thereto by means of a thermoset adhesive along entire peripheral edges of the second metallic foil, the first and second metallic foils disposed over one another with the first and second plastic films arranged adjacent one another in facing relationship, the lithium battery being sandwiched between the first and the second metallic foils in space inside the first and the second continuous bands of plastic film with the anode in contact with one metallic foil and the cathode in contact with the other metallic foil, the first and second continuous bands of plastic film being imperviously heat-sealed together to prevent any outside substance to contact the battery.
Duval, M.; Giguere, Y.
Lithium Iron Phosphate Composites for Lithium Batteries | Argonne...
Lithium Iron Phosphate Composites for Lithium Batteries Technology available for licensing: Inexpensive, electrochemically active phosphate compounds with high functionality for...
Superdense Crystal Packings of Ellipsoids
Particle packing problems have fascinated people since the dawn of civilization, and continue to intrigue mathematicians and scientists. Resurgent interest has been spurred by the recent proof of Kepler's conjecture: the face-centered cubic lattice provides the densest packing of equal spheres with a packing fraction $\\phi\\approx0.7405$ \\cite{Kepler_Hales}. Here we report on the densest known packings of congruent ellipsoids. The family of new packings are crystal (periodic) arrangements of nearly spherically-shaped ellipsoids, and always surpass the densest lattice packing. A remarkable maximum density of $\\phi\\approx0.7707$ is achieved for both prolate and oblate ellipsoids with aspect ratios of $\\sqrt{3}$ and $1/\\sqrt{3}$, respectively, and each ellipsoid has 14 touching neighbors. Present results do not exclude the possibility that even denser crystal packings of ellipsoids could be found, and that a corresponding Kepler-like conjecture could be formulated for ellipsoids.
Aleksandar Donev; Frank H. Stillinger; P. M. Chaikin; Salvatore Torquato
Electronic Structure of Lithium Battery Materials
Lithium batteries are important as the power source for portable electronic devices and could also be used in hybrid vehicles with improvements in capacity. We have used first principles calculations of electronic structure to determine how charge is redistributed as Li is added or removed. In the final of year of the project we have examined Lix(NiMn)0.5O2 and Lix(NiMnCo)0.333O2 cathode materials in more detail. As lithium is removed electrons are removed from the valence band which is mainly Oxygen 2p states at the top of the band. There is very little change in the charge state of the transition element ions in either case. These results are confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy which shows a pre-peak on the oxygen K edge as lithium is removed, but no changes in the transition metal L edges. We have also investigated the LixFePO4 cathode material which is less costly than the LixCoO2 used at present and is also less damaging to the environment. In this case we find that as lithium is removed there is a change in charge state of iron while electrons are removed from oxygen 2p states at the top of the valence band. Again this is confirmed by the pre-peak on the oxygen K edge observed in electron energy loss spectroscopy and by the high resolution multiplet structure observed on the iron L edge which agrees with our calculations.
Dr. Peter Rez
Modeling planar 3-valence meshes
In architectural and sculptural practice, the eventual goal is constructing the shapes that have been designed. Due to fabrication considerations, shapes with planar faces are in demand for these practices. In this thesis, a novel computational modeling approach to design constructible shapes is introduced. This method guarantees that the resulting shapes are planar meshes with 3-valence vertices, which can always be physically constructed using planar or developable materials such as glass, sheet metal or plywood. The method introduced is inspired by the traditional sculpture and is based on the idea of carving a mesh by using slicing planes. The process of determining the slicing planes can either be interactive or automated. A framework is developed which allows user to sculpt shapes by using the in- teractive and automated processes. The framework allows user to cut a source mesh based on its edges, faces or vertices. The user can sculpt various kinds of developable surfaces by cutting the parallel edges of the mesh. The user can also introduce in- teresting conical patterns by cutting dierent vertex, edge, face combinations of the mesh.
Gonen, Ozgur
Molten salt lithium cells
Lithium-based cells are promising for applications such as electric vehicles and load-leveling for power plants since lithium is very electropositive and light weight. One type of lithium-based cell utilizes a molten salt electrolyte and is operated in the temperature range of about 400 to 500/sup 0/C. Such high temperature operation accelerates corrosion problems and a substantial amount of energy is lost through heat transfer. The present invention provides an electrochemical cell which may be operated at temperatures between about 100 to 170/sup 0/C. The cell is comprised of an electrolyte, which preferably includes lithium nitrate, and a lithium or lithium alloy electrode.
Raistrick, I.D.; Poris, J.; Huggins, R.A.
Lithium-based cells are promising for applications such as electric vehicles and load-leveling for power plants since lithium is very electropositive and light weight. One type of lithium-based cell utilizes a molten salt electrolyte and is operated in the temperature range of about 400.degree.-500.degree. C. Such high temperature operation accelerates corrosion problems and a substantial amount of energy is lost through heat transfer. The present invention provides an electrochemical cell (10) which may be operated at temperatures between about 100.degree.-170.degree. C. Cell (10) comprises an electrolyte (16), which preferably includes lithium nitrate, and a lithium or lithium alloy electrode (12).
Raistrick, Ian D. (Menlo Park, CA); Poris, Jaime (Portola Valley, CA); Huggins, Robert A. (Stanford, CA)
What to Pack for Mars
De Weck, O.L. �What to Pack for Mars.� Spectrum, IEEE 46.6 (2009): 39. � 2009 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
De Weck, Olivier L.
Valve stem and packing assembly
A valve stem and packing assembly is provided in which a rotatable valve stem includes a first tractrix surface for sliding contact with a stem packing and also includes a second tractrix surface for sliding contact with a bonnet. Force is applied by means of a spring, gland flange, and gland on the stem packing so the stem packing seals to the valve stem and bonnet. This configuration serves to create and maintain a reliable seal between the stem packing and the valve stem. The bonnet includes a second complementary tractrix surface for contacting the second sliding tractrix surface, the combination serving as a journal bearing for the entire valve stem and packing assembly. The journal bearing so configured is known as a Schiele`s pivot. The Schiele`s pivot also serves to maintain proper alignment of the valve stem with respect to the bonnet. Vertical wear between the surfaces of the Schiele`s pivot is uniform at all points of contact between the second sliding tractrix surface and the second complementary tractrix surface of a bonnet. The valve stem is connected to a valve plug by means of a slip joint. The valve is opened and closed by rotating the valve stem. The slip joint compensates for wear on the Schiele`s pivot and on the valve plug. A ledge is provided on the valve bonnet for the retaining nut to bear against. The ledge prevents overtightening of the retaining nut and the resulting excessive friction between stem and stem packing.
Wordin, J.J.
Test problems for quasi-satellite packing????
1. Test problems for quasi-satellite packing: Cylinders packing with behavior constraints and all the optimal solutions known. Chao Che. School of Mechanical �...
Method of recycling lithium borate to lithium borohydride through diborane
This invention provides a method for the recycling of lithium borate to lithium borohydride which can be reacted with water to generate hydrogen for utilization as a fuel. The lithium borate by-product of the hydrogen generation reaction is reacted with hydrogen chloride and water to produce boric acid and lithium chloride. The boric acid and lithium chloride are converted to lithium borohydride through a diborane intermediate to complete the recycle scheme.
Filby, Evan E. (Rigby, ID)
Lithium purification technique
A method for purifying liquid lithium to remove unwanted quantities of nitrogen or aluminum. The method involves precipitation of aluminum nitride by adding a reagent to the liquid lithium. The reagent will be either nitrogen or aluminum in a quantity adequate to react with the unwanted quantity of the impurity to form insoluble aluminum nitride. The aluminum nitride can be mechanically separated from the molten liquid lithium.
Keough, Robert F. (Richland, WA); Meadows, George E. (Richland, WA)
Keough, R.F.; Meadows, G.E.
Optimization of Lithium Titanate Electrodes
Optimization of Lithium Titanate Electrodes Title Optimization of Lithium Titanate Electrodes Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2006 Authors Christensen, John,...
Lithium-Based Electrochromic Mirrors
Lithium-Based Electrochromic Mirrors Title Lithium-Based Electrochromic Mirrors Publication Type Conference Paper LBNL Report Number LBNL-52870 Year of Publication 2003 Authors...
Nanostructured lithium nickel manganese oxides for lithium-ion batteries.
Nanostructured lithium nickel manganese oxides were investigated as advanced positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries designated to power plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and all-electric vehicles. The investigation included material characterization and electrochemical testing. In cell tests, the Li{sub 1.375}Ni{sub 0.25}Mn{sub 0.75}O{sub 2.4375} composition achieved high capacity (210 mAh g{sup -1}) at an elevated rate (230 mA g{sup -1}), which makes this material a promising candidate for high energy density Li-ion batteries, as does its being cobalt-free and uncoated. The material has spherical morphology with nanoprimary particles embedded in micrometer-sized secondary particles, possesses a multiphase character (spinel and layered), and exhibits a high packing density (over 2 g cm{sup -3}) that is essential for the design of high energy density positive electrodes. When combined with the Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} stable anode, the cell showed a capacity of 225 mAh g{sup -1} at the C/3 rate (73 mA g{sup -1}) with no capacity fading for 200 cycles. Other chemical compositions, Li{sub (1+x)}Ni{sub 0.25}Mn{sub 0.75}O{sub (2.25+x/2)} (0.32 {le} x {le} 0.65), were also studied, and the relationships among their structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties are reported.
Deng, H.; Belharouak, I.; Cook, R. E.; Wu, H.; Sun, Y.-K.; Amine, K.; Hanyang Univ.
A valve stem and packing assembly is provided in which a rotatable valve stem includes a first tractrix surface for sliding contact with a stem packing and also includes a second tractrix surface for sliding contact with a bonnet. Force is applied by means of a spring, gland flange, and gland on the stem packing so the stem packing seals to the valve stem and bonnet. This configuration serves to create and maintain a reliable seal between the stem packing and the valve stem. The bonnet includes a second complementary tractrix surface for contacting the second sliding tractrix surface, the combination serving as a journal bearing for the entire valve stem and packing assembly. The journal bearing so configured is known as a Schiele's pivot. The Schiele's pivot also serves to maintain proper alignment of the valve stem with respect to the bonnet. Vertical wear between the surfaces of the Schiele's pivot is uniform at all points of contact between the second sliding tractrix surface and the second complementary tractrix surface of a bonnet. The valve stem is connected to a valve plug by means of a slip joint. The valve is opened and closed by rotating the valve stem. The slip joint compensates for wear on the Schiele's pivot and on the valve plug. A ledge is provided on the valve bonnet for the retaining nut to bear against. The ledge prevents overtightening of the retaining nut and the resulting excessive friction between stem and stem packing.
Wordin, John J. (Bingham County, ID)
A valve stem and packing assembly is provided in which a rotatable valve stem includes a first tractrix surface for sliding contact with a stem packing and also includes a second tractrix surface for sliding contact with a bonnet. Force is applied by means of a spring, gland flange, and gland on the stem packing so the stem packing seals to the valve stem and bonnet. This configuration serves to create and maintain a reliable seal between the stem packing and the valve stem. The bonnet includes a second complementary tractrix surface for contacting the second sliding tractrix surface, the combination serving as a journal bearing for the entire valve stem and packing assembly. The journal bearing so configured is known as a Schiele's pivot. The Schiele's pivot also serves to maintain proper alignment of the valve stem with respect to the bonnet. Vertical wear between the surfaces of the Schiele's pivot is uniform at all points of contact between the second sliding tractrix surface and the second complementary tractrix surface of a bonnet. The valve stem is connected to a valve plug by means of a slip joint. The valve is opened and closed by rotating the valve stem. The slip joint compensates for wear on the Schiele's pivot and on the valve plug. A ledge is provided on the valve bonnet for the retaining nut to bear against. The ledge prevents over tightening of the retaining nut and the resulting excessive friction between stem and stem packing. 2 figures.
Lithium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Ortholithiations: Lithium Chloride Catalysis
Lithium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Ortholithiations: Lithium Chloride Catalysis Lekha Gupta, 2008 Ortholithiations of a range of arenes mediated by lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF at -78 °C protocols with unpurified commercial samples of n-butyl- lithium to prepare LDA or commercially available
Collum, David B.
Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide: A View of Lithium Ion Solvation
Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide: A View of Lithium Ion Solvation through a Glass-Bottom Boat BRETT L and reactivities, we were drawn to lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS; (Me3Si)2NLi) by its promi- nence principles of lithium ion coordination chemistry.2 Understanding how solvation influences organolithium
Keith Evans, a geologist by profession, first became involved in the lithium business in the early 1970�s when, on behalf of Selection Trust Ltd., was asked to evaluate the future potential of Bikita Minerals in what, at that time, was Southern Rhodesia (later Zimbabwe). Selection Trust was the majority owner of the operation which, prior to the imposition of United Nations sanctions, had been the dominant producer of lithium ores for direct usage in the glass and ceramics industry. Subsequently, he joined Lithium Corporation of America, the then leading lithium chemical producer and later moved to Amax Exploration. On behalf of Amax and a Chilean partner he negotiated with Corfo, a Chilean government entity, the rights to evaluate and develop that part of the Salar de Atacama that had not been leased to the Foote Mineral Company. He was responsible for all aspects of the evaluation but when Amax decided not to proceed with the project it was acquired by Sociedad Quimica y Minera (SQM) and the company is now the world�s largest lithium chemicals producer. Throughout his career in the lithium industry it was his responsibility to monitor industry developments particularly in respect of new resources and he has continued as a consultant in a In 1976 a National Research Council Panel estimated that Western World lithium reserves and resources totaled 10.6 million tonnes as elemental lithium. Subsequent discoveries, particularly in brines in the southern Andes and the plateaus of western China and Tibet have increased the tonnages significantly. Geothermal brines and lithium bearing clays add to the total. This current estimate totals 28.4 million tonnes Li equivalent to more than 150.0 million tonnes of lithium carbonate of which nearly 14.0 million tonnes lithium (about 74.0 million tonnes of carbonate) are at active or proposed operations. This can be compared with current demand for lithium chemicals which approximates to 84,000 tonnes as lithium carbonate equivalents (16,000 tonnes Li). Concerns regarding lithium availability for hybrid or electric vehicle batteries or other foreseeable applications are unfounded.
R. Keith Evans
Cathode material for lithium batteries
A method of manufacture an article of a cathode (positive electrode) material for lithium batteries. The cathode material is a lithium molybdenum composite transition metal oxide material and is prepared by mixing in a solid state an intermediate molybdenum composite transition metal oxide and a lithium source. The mixture is thermally treated to obtain the lithium molybdenum composite transition metal oxide cathode material.
Park, Sang-Ho; Amine, Khalil
Block copolymer electrolytes for lithium batteries
Ethylene Carbonate for Lithium Ion Battery Use. Journal oflithium atoms in lithium-ion battery electrolyte. Chemicalcapacity fading of a lithium-ion battery cycled at elevated
Hudson, William Rodgers
Transporting & Shipping Hazardous Materials at LBNL: Lithium...
Lithium Batteries Lithium batteries are considered hazardous materials when shipped by air. Notify Shipping for any shipments that include lithium batteries. Note: If you need to...
Solid Solution Lithium Alloy Cermet Anodes
Solid Solution Lithium Alloy Cermet Anodes Thomas J.94720 USA Abstract Lithium-magnesium solid solution alloysHeating mixtures of lithium nitride and magnesium provides a
Richardson, Thomas J.; Chen, Guoying
Lithium Insertion Chemistry of Some Iron Vanadates
in A. Nazri, G.Pistoia (Eds. ), Lithium batteries, Science &structure materials in lithium cells, for a lower limitLithium Insertion Chemistry of Some Iron Vanadates S�bastien
Patoux, Sebastien; Richardson, Thomas J.
Lithium metal oxide electrodes for lithium batteries
An uncycled electrode for a non-aqueous lithium electrochemical cell including a lithium metal oxide having the formula Li.sub.(2+2x)/(2+x)M'.sub.2x/(2+x)M.sub.(2-2x)/(2+x)O.sub.2-.delta., in which 0.ltoreq.x<1 and .delta. is less than 0.2, and in which M is a non-lithium metal ion with an average trivalent oxidation state selected from two or more of the first row transition metals or lighter metal elements in the periodic table, and M' is one or more ions with an average tetravalent oxidation state selected from the first and second row transition metal elements and Sn. Methods of preconditioning the electrodes are disclosed as are electrochemical cells and batteries containing the electrodes.
Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Kim, Jeom-Soo (Naperville, IL); Johnson, Christopher S. (Naperville, IL)
Kold Pack: Order (2013-CE-5323)
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
DOE ordered Kold Pack, Inc. to pay a $8,000 civil penalty after finding Kold Pack had failed to certify that certain models of walk-in cooler and freezer components comply with the applicable energy conservation standards.
Printable lithium batteries.
??Printable lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cathodes and porous aerogel / polymer separators have been designed, constructed, and tested. The cathodes consist of LiFePO4, PVDF binder,� (more)
Fenton, Kyle
Lithium Ion Accomplishments
Lithium ion Battery Commercialization Lithium ion Battery Commercialization Johnson Controls-Saft Advanced Power Solutions, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Johnson Controls-Saft (JCS) will supply lithium-ion batteries to Mercedes for their S Class Hybrid to be introduced in October 2009. Technology developed with DOE support (the VL6P cell) will be used in the S Class battery. In May 2006, the Johnson Controls-Saft Joint Venture was awarded a 24 month $14.4 million contract by the DOE/USABC to develop a 40kW Li ion HEV battery system offering improved safety, low temperature performance, and cost. JCS has reported a 40% cost reduction of the 40kW system being developed in their DOE/USABC contract while maintaining performance. Lithium Ion Battery Material Commercialization Argonne National Laboratory has licensed cathode materials and associated processing
Lithium battery management system
Provided is a system for managing a lithium battery system having a plurality of cells. The battery system comprises a variable-resistance element electrically connected to a cell and located proximate a portion of the cell; and a device for determining, utilizing the variable-resistance element, whether the temperature of the cell has exceeded a predetermined threshold. A method of managing the temperature of a lithium battery system is also included.
Dougherty, Thomas J. (Waukesha, WI)
Scoping studies: behavior and control of lithium and lithium aerosols
The HEDL scoping studies examining the behavior of lithium and lithium aerosols have been conducted to determine and examine potential safety and environmental issues for postulated accident conditions associated with the use of lithium as a fusion reactor blanket and/or coolant. Liquid lithium reactions with air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and concretes have been characterized. The effectiveness of various powder extinguishing agents and methods of application were determined for lithium-air reactions. The effectiveness of various lithium aerosol collection methods were determined and the volatilization and transport of radioactive metals potentially associated with lithium-air reactions were evaluated. Liquid lithium atmosphere reactions can be safely controlled under postulated accident conditions, but special handling practices must be provided. Lithium-concrete reactions should be avoided because of the potential production of high temperatures, corrosive environment and hydrogen. Carbon microspheres are effective in extinguishing well established lithium-air reactions for the lithium quantities tested (up to 10 kg). Large mass loading of lithium aerosols can be efficiently collected with conventional air cleaning systems. Potentially radioactive species (cobalt, iron and manganese) will be volatilized in a lithium-air reaction in contact with neutron activated stainless steel.
Jeppson, D.W.
Methods and apparatus for the production of high-purity lithium from lithium halides are described. The apparatus is provided for continuously contacting a molten lithium halide with molten barium, thereby forming lithium metal and a barium halide, establishing separate layers of these reaction products and unreacted barium and lithium halide, and continuously withdrawing lithium and barium halide from the reaction zone. (AEC)
Baker, P.S.; Duncan, F.R.; Greene, H.B.
Purifying Decane A. Prepare Packing Material
to prevent escape of packing material. 4. Seal bottom of column and fill column with packing material to the remaining space at the top of the column. 2. Seal top of column and connect to nitrogen tank. Set with decane. Note: Never allow top of packing material to contact the air after it has been wetted by decane 4
Buckley, Jill S.
Jammed Packings of Hard Particles Aleksandar Donev
of disordered and ordered hard-sphere and hard-ellipsoid packings. In the first part of this dissertation-equilibrium) free energy of nearly jammed packings of hard particles is designed and implemented. In the second partJammed Packings of Hard Particles Aleksandar Donev A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty
Mohri, Mehryar
Gravel packing method and apparatus
A method is described of gravel packing a well formation intersected by a well bore, the method comprising: forming a gel for transporting solids; mixing the solids with the gel; pumping the gel and solids mixed through a tool string disposed in the well bore to a subterranean position above the formation; pumping a breaker fluid to the subterranean position through an annulus breaker between the tool string and the wall of the well bore; introducing the breaker fluid into the tool string at the subterranean position and mixing the breaker fluid with the gel and solids whereby the gel is broken into a low viscosity fluid; and transporting the resultant low viscosity fluid and solids mixed to the formation for packing.
Bolin, M.L.
Hydrogen Outgassing from Lithium Hydride
Lithium hydride is a nuclear material with a great affinity for moisture. As a result of exposure to water vapor during machining, transportation, storage and assembly, a corrosion layer (oxide and/or hydroxide) always forms on the surface of lithium hydride resulting in the release of hydrogen gas. Thermodynamically, lithium hydride, lithium oxide and lithium hydroxide are all stable. However, lithium hydroxides formed near the lithium hydride substrate (interface hydroxide) and near the sample/vacuum interface (surface hydroxide) are much less thermally stable than their bulk counterpart. In a dry environment, the interface/surface hydroxides slowly degenerate over many years/decades at room temperature into lithium oxide, releasing water vapor and ultimately hydrogen gas through reaction of the water vapor with the lithium hydride substrate. This outgassing can potentially cause metal hydriding and/or compatibility issues elsewhere in the device. In this chapter, the morphology and the chemistry of the corrosion layer grown on lithium hydride (and in some cases, its isotopic cousin, lithium deuteride) as a result of exposure to moisture are investigated. The hydrogen outgassing processes associated with the formation and subsequent degeneration of this corrosion layer are described. Experimental techniques to measure the hydrogen outgassing kinetics from lithium hydride and methods employing the measured kinetics to predict hydrogen outgassing as a function of time and temperature are presented. Finally, practical procedures to mitigate the problem of hydrogen outgassing from lithium hydride are discussed.
Dinh, L N; Schildbach, M A; Smith, R A; Balazs1, B; McLean II, W
Pack Cementation Aluminizing of Steels
Table 3 Partial list of commercial applications of pack cementation aluminizing...Carbon and stainless steels Steam power and cogeneration Waterwall tubes 2 % Cr-1% Mo steel Fluidized bed combustor tubes 2 % Cr-1% Mo steel Waste heat boiler tubes Carbon steel Economizer and air preheater tubes 2 % Cr-1% Mo steel Superheater tubes 2 % Cr-1% Mo steel Aerospace (a) Turbine blades...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
HEDL-TME 78-15 HEDL-TME 78-15 uc-20 LITHIUM LITERATURE REVIEW: LITHIUM'S PROPERTIES AND INTERACTIONS Hanf ord Engineering Development Laboratory -~ - - , . .. . D.W. Jeppson J.L. Ballif W.W. Yuan B.E. Chou - - - . - . - -- r - N O T l C E n ~ h u mpon w prepared as an account of work iponrored by the United States Government. Neither the Unitcd States nor the United Stater Department of Energy. nor any of their employees, nor any of then contractor^, subcontractors. or their employees, maker any warranty, cxprcu or Implied. or anumcs any legal liability or rcrponabllity for the accuracy. cornplctcncs or uvfulnes of any information. apparatus, product or p r o a s ditclorcd. or rcpments that its u s would not infringe pnvatcly owned nghts. April 1978 HANFORD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY
Lithium Methyl Carbonate as a Reaction Product of Metallic Lithium and Dimethyl Carbonate
of chemically synthesized lithium methylcarbonate (CH 3 OCOmolecular structures of lithium methyl carbonate (CH 3 OCO 2FTIR study also suggests that lithium methyl carbonate has
Zhuang, Guorong V.; Yang, Hui; Ross Jr., Philip N.; Xu, Kang; Jow, T. Richard
It's Elemental - The Element Lithium
(Helium) The Periodic Table of Elements Next Element (Beryllium) Beryllium The Element Lithium Click for Isotope Data 3 Li Lithium 6.941 Atomic Number: 3 Atomic Weight: 6.941...
Phostech Lithium | Open Energy Information
Phostech Lithium Jump to: navigation, search Name Phostech Lithium Place St-Bruno-de-Montarville, Quebec, Canada Zip J3V 6B7 Sector Hydro Product String representation "Exclusive...
The impact of valence shifters on mining implicit economic opinions
We investigated the influence of valence shifters on sentiment analysis within a new model built to extract opinions from economic texts. The system relies on implicit convictions that emerge from the studied texts through co-occurrences of economic ... Keywords: diminishers, economic predictions, negations, opinion mining, valence shifters
Claudiu Musat; Stefan Trausan-Matu
Lithium K(1s) synchrotron NEXAFS spectra of lithium-ion battery...
Lithium K(1s) synchrotron NEXAFS spectra of lithium-ion battery cathode, anode and electrolyte materials Title Lithium K(1s) synchrotron NEXAFS spectra of lithium-ion battery...
Phenomenological theory of a single domain wall in uniaxial trigonal ferroelectrics: Lithium niobate and lithium tantalate
Phenomenological theory of a single domain wall in uniaxial trigonal ferroelectrics: Lithium niobate and lithium tantalate David A. Scrymgeour and Venkatraman Gopalan Department of Materials Science, lithium niobate and lithium tantalate. The contributions to the domain- wall energy from polarization
Gopalan, Venkatraman
Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of a Lithium Titanium Phosphate Anode for Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries
Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of a Lithium Titanium Phosphate Anode for Aqueous Lithium** Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA Lithium cells that use organic electrolytes. The equilibrium reaction potential of lithium titanium phosphate
Cui, Yi
The Role of Ate Complexes in the Lithium-Sulfur, Lithium-Selenium and Lithium-Tellurium Exchange Reactions
The Role of Ate Complexes in the Lithium-Sulfur, Lithium-Selenium and Lithium-Tellurium Exchange/Se exchange was substantially faster than exchange of the lithium reagents with the ate complex. Therefore, these ate complexes are not on the actual Li/Se exchange pathway. Introduction. ± The lithium
Reich, Hans J.
Integration Issues of Cells into Battery Packs for Plug-in and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Preprint
The main barriers to increased market share of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and commercialization of plug-in HEVs are the cost, safety, and life of lithium ion batteries. Significant effort is being directed to address these issues for lithium ion cells. However, even the best cells may not perform as well when integrated into packs for vehicles because of the environment in which vehicles operate. This paper discusses mechanical, electrical, and thermal integration issues and vehicle interface issues that could impact the cost, life, and safety of the system. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of using many small cells versus a few large cells and using prismatic cells versus cylindrical cells.
Pesaran, A. A.; Kim, G. H.; Keyser, M.
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab - Lithium
lithium Nearly everybody knows about lithium Nearly everybody knows about lithium - a light, silvery alkali metal - used in rechargeable batteries powering everything from laptops to hybrid cars. What may not be so well known is the fact that researchers hoping to harness the energy released in fusion reactions also have used lithium to coat the walls of donut-shaped tokamak reactors. Lithium, it turns out, may help the plasmas fueling fusion reactions to retain heat for longer periods of time. This could improve the chances of producing useful energy from fusion. en COLLOQUIUM: The Lithium Tokamak eXperiment (LTX) http://www.pppl.gov/events/colloquium-lithium-tokamak-experiment-ltx
The Packing of Granular Polymer Chains
Rigid particles pack into structures, such as sand dunes on the beach, whose overall stability is determined by the average number of contacts between particles. However, when packing spatially extended objects with flexible shapes, additional concepts must be invoked to understand the stability of the resulting structure. Here, we examine the disordered packing of chains constructed out of flexibly connected hard spheres. Using x-ray tomography, we find that long chains pack into a low-density structure whose mechanical rigidity is mainly provided by the backbone. On compaction, randomly oriented, semi-rigid loops form along the chain, and the packing of chains can be understood as the jamming of these elements. Finally, we uncover close similarities between the packing of chains and the glass transition in polymers.
Zou, Ling-Nan; Cheng, Xiang; Rivers, Mark L.; Jaeger, Heinrich M.; Nagel, Sidney R.; UC
Inelastic neutron scattering in valence fluctuation compounds
The valence fluctuation compounds are rare earth intermetallics where hybridization of the nearly-localized 4f electrons with the conduction electrons leads to incorporation of the 4f's into the itinerant states. This hybridization slows down the conduction electrons and hence gives them a heavy effective mass, justifying application of the term 'heavy Fermion' (HF) to these materials. During the project period, we grew large single crystals of several such compounds and measured their properties using both standard thermodynamic probes and state-of-the-art inelastic neutron scattering. We obtained three main results. For the intermediate valence compounds CePd{sub 3} and YbAl{sub 3}, we showed that the scattering of neutrons by the fluctuations of the 4f magnetic moment does not have the momentum dependence expected for the itinerant heavy mass state; rather, the scattering is more typical of a localized spin fluctuation. We believe that incoherent scattering localizes the excitation. For the heavy Fermion compound Ce(Ni{sub 0.935}Pd{sub 0.065}){sub 2}Ge{sub 2}, which sits at a T = 0 critical point for transformation into an antiferromagnetic (AF) phase, we showed that the scattering from the AF fluctuations does not exhibit any of the divergences that are expected at a phase transition. We speculate that alloy disorder profoundly suppresses the growth of the fluctuating AF regions, leading to short range clusters rather than regions of infinite size. Finally, we explored the applicability of key concepts used to describe the behavior of rare earth heavy Fermions to uranium based HF compounds where the 5f electrons are itinerant as opposed to localized. We found that scaling laws relating the spin fluctuation energy measured in neutron scattering to the low temperature specific heat and susceptibility are valid for the uranium compounds, once corrections are made for AF fluctuations; however, the degeneracy of the high temperature moment is smaller than expected for rare-earth-like Hund's rule behavior, essentially because the orbital moment is suppressed for itinerant 5f electrons. We also found that the standard local-moment-based theory of the temperature dependence of the specific heat, susceptibility and neutron scattering fails badly for URu{sub 2}Zn{sub 20} and UCo{sub 2}Zn{sub 20}, even though the theory is phenomenally successful for the closely related rare earth compound YbFe{sub 2}Zn{sub 20}. Both these results highlight the distinction between the itineracy of the 5f's and the localization of the 4f's. It is our hope that these results are sufficiently significant as to stimulate deeper investigation of these compounds.
Jon M Lawrence
Micro-and nanoscale domain engineering in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate
Micro- and nanoscale domain engineering in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate Vladimir Ya. Shur investigation of the domain evolution in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate during backswitched electric sources based on quasi-phase matching.11 Lithium niobate LiNbO3 (LN) and lithium tantalate LiTaO3 (LT
Byer, Robert L.
Quantifying Cell-to-Cell Variations in Lithium Ion Batteries
Lithium ion batteries have conventionally been manufactured in small capacities but large volumes for consumer electronics applications. More recently, the industry has seen a surge in the individual cell capacities, as well as the number of cells used to build modules and packs. Reducing cell-to-cell and lot-to-lot variations has been identified as one of the major means to reduce the rejection rate when building the packs as well as to improve pack durability. The tight quality control measures have been passed on from the pack manufactures to the companies building the individual cells and in turn to the components. This paper identifies a quantitative procedure utilizing impedance spectroscopy, a commonly used tool, to determine the effects of material variability on the cell performance, to compare the relative importance of uncertainties in the component properties, and to suggest a rational procedure to set quality control specifications for the various components of a cell, that will reduce cell-to-cell variability, while preventing undue requirements on uniformity that often result in excessive cost of manufacturing but have a limited impact on the cells performance.
Santhanagopalan, S.; White, R. E.
Lithium disulfide battery
A negative electrode limited secondary electrochemical cell having dense FeS.sub.2 positive electrode operating exclusively on the upper plateau, a Li alloy negative electrode and a suitable lithium-containing electrolyte. The electrolyte preferably is 25 mole percent LiCl, 38 mole percent LiBr and 37 mole percent KBr. The cell may be operated isothermally.
Kaun, Thomas D. (New Lenox, IL)
Disclosed is a negative electrode-limited secondary electrochemical cell having dense FeS/sub 2/ positive electrode operating exclusively on the upper plateau, a Li alloy negative electrode and a suitable lithium-containing electrolyte. The electrolyte preferably is 25 mole % LiCl, 38 mole % LiBr and 37 mole % KBr. The cell may be operated isothermally.
Kaun, T.D.
Lithium ion conducting electrolytes
A liquid, predominantly lithium-conducting, ionic electrolyte having exceptionally high conductivity at temperatures of 100.degree. C. or lower, including room temperature, and comprising the lithium salts selected from the group consisting of the thiocyanate, iodide, bromide, chloride, perchlorate, acetate, tetrafluoroborate, perfluoromethane sulfonate, perfluoromethane sulfonamide, tetrahaloaluminate, and heptahaloaluminate salts of lithium, with or without a magnesium-salt selected from the group consisting of the perchlorate and acetate salts of magnesium. Certain of the latter embodiments may also contain molecular additives from the group of acetonitrile (CH.sub.3 CN) succinnonitrile (CH.sub.2 CN).sub.2, and tetraglyme (CH.sub.3 --O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--).sub.2 (or like solvents) solvated to a Mg.sup.+2 cation to lower the freezing point of the electrolyte below room temperature. Other particularly useful embodiments contain up to about 40, but preferably not more than about 25, mol percent of a long chain polyether polymer dissolved in the lithium salts to provide an elastic or rubbery solid electrolyte of high ambient temperature conductivity and exceptional 100.degree. C. conductivity. Another embodiment contains up to about but not more than 10 mol percent of a molecular solvent such as acetone.
Angell, C. Austen (Tempe, AZ); Liu, Changle (Tempe, AZ)
Abstract. Technical/Engineering aspects of Lithium Lens (LL) considered. LL dimensions and parameters adopted for undulator based positron source for International Linear Collider. Sealing technique for windows represented in this publication also. This publication is a part of preparation work for numerical modeling of LL. OVERVIEW Usage of Lithium Lens (LL) for positron collection was suggested years ago [1]-[4]. Lithium lens with solid Lithium is in exploitation for decades now. Usage of LL for antiproton collection is also a well developed topic [5]-[11]. Naturally, usage of LL for positron collection in a scheme with undulator [13], developed in Novosibirsk, included LL from the very beginning [14]-[15]. From the other hand usage of LL for positron collection still not a widely accepted idea, so Novosibirsk lens remains the only one in operation. In resent times we applied some efforts to implement LL into ILC positron source [16]-[21]. Development of positron source for ILC as it is now in baseline design described in [22]. Latest results on practical test undulator-based positron source demonstrated positron polarization ~ 80 % and electron polarization ~90% respectively obtained with Tungsten target [23]. Also interesting looks a possibility for implementation of LL for muon collider [24]-[25]. System with Liquid Lithium is under consideration for Fusion Materials Irradiation studies [26]. Current publication is the first one in series dedicated to demonstration of benefits from potential usage of LL in International Linear Collider. Support for this investigation obtained from ILC GDE Regional Directorship of America.
unknown authors
Open-cycle absorption cooling using packed-bed absorbent reconcentration
The technical feasibility of a lithium chloride open-cycle absorption air conditioner using solar-heated air for reconcentration of the absorbent solution is examined. In contrast to a successfully operating Soviet design (in which absorbent reconcentration is accomplished by trickling the solution across a sloping black roof exposed to the sun), this study involves a packed-bed concentrator. Solar-heated air reconcentrates the solution by vaporizing water (the refrigerant) from the solution in the packed bed, enabling the system to be incorporated into a conventional solar air heating system and avoiding numerous problems associated with the roof concentrator. A thermodynamic analysis provides the criteria for the design of the packed bed. Heat and mass transfer processes occurring simultaneously in the bed are modeled using an iterative technique with the aid of a digital computer. The size of the packed-bed required to reconcentrate the absorbent solution at a rate corresponding to 10,550 W of cooling is determined, using flow rates, temperatures, and humidities typical of residential solar air-heating systems. Based on these results, the system air conditioning capability with solar energy input is predicted over the course of a clear summer day for Fort Collins, Colorado, and St. Louis, Missouri. Sufficient cooling capacity to meet a 10,550 W peak load using a 70 m/sup 2/ flatplate collector array is predicted by the model for both locations.
Leboeuf, C. M.; Loef, G. O.G.
Enhancing the Valency Dictionary of Czech Verbs: Tectogrammatical Annotation
A syntactic lexicon of verbs with the subcategorization information is crucial for NLP. Two phases of creating such lexicon are presented. The first phase consists of the automatic preprocessing of source data-particular valency frames are proposed. ...
Hana Skoumalov�; Mark�ta Stran�kov�-Lopatkov�; Zdenek Zabokrtsk�
Side Reactions in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Model for Aging of Lithium-Ion Battery Cells. Journal of TheSalts Formed on the Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodeion batteries In a lithium ion battery, positively charged
Tang, Maureen Han-Mei
Advances in lithium-ion batteries
current reviews of the lithium ion battery literature byof view of the lithium ion battery scientist and engineer,lithium ion batteries. The chapter on aging summarizes the effects of the chemistry on the battery
Kerr, John B.
Design and Simulation of Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
The LiNiOiCarbon Lithium-Ion Battery," S. S. lonics, 69,238-the mid-1980's, the lithium-ion battery based on a carboncommercialization of the lithium-ion battery, several other
Doyle, C.M.
VripPack User's Guide Brian Curless
and compiling vrip is fairly straightforward. VripPack depends on Tcl/Tk being installed and has been compiled most recently against Tcl/Tk version 8.4. VripPack comes with these libraries for Linux, but you may. The following web page is a good reference for installing Cygwin and Tcl/Tk as needed for vrip: http
Davis, James E.
Geometrical Properties of Simulated Packings of Spherocylinders
In a wide range of industrial applications there appear systems of hard particles of different shapes and sizes, known as "packings". In this work, the force-biased algorithm, primarily designed to model close packings of equal spheres, is adapted to ...
Monika Bargie?
Slimhole frac pack tools overcome erosion problems
The application of frac pack technology for stimulation and sand control in the Gulf of Mexico`s unconsolidated formations has steadily increased during the past several years. In addition, re-entry drilling has been one of the fastest growing development techniques used by operators for optimizing reservoir productivity. As such, smaller casing sizes are becoming more common in oil and gas producing wells. Gravel pack tools were being used for frac packing in 7-in. casing sizes and larger, but no tools were available to frac pack in the smaller 5-in. and 5{1/2}-in. casing. The erosion problems operators were experiencing in 7-in. gravel pack tools heightened concerns about fracturing through 5-in. tools with even smaller flow areas. Flow cutting in the 7-in. tools was so severe that it caused fluid communication between the gravel pack ports and the return flow holes in the crossover tool. This allowed fluid and proppant to return to the annulus above the packer, which could cause possible early screen-out and sticking of the crossover tool. The flow cutting could also reduce the tool`s pressure and tensile ratings. Any one of these problems could jeopardize the success of the frac pack operation. Therefore, an erosion resistant crossover tool for slimhole casing was developed to address these problems and optimize frac pack success.
Stout, G. [BJ Services, Tomball, TX (United States). Research and Development Center; Matte, T. [BJ Services, Lafayette, LA (United States); Rogers, B. [Marathon Oil Co., Lafayette, LA (United States)
??Lithium-ion batteries with higher capacity and longer cycle life than that available today are required as secondary energy sources for a wide range of emerging� (more)
Li, Juchuan
in the energy equation, battery capacity, is defined as theperformance and capacity fading of a lithium-ion batteryof large-capacity lithium- ion battery systems. With new
American Lithium Energy Corp | Open Energy Information
San Marcos, California Zip 92069 Product California-based developer of lithium ion battery technology. References American Lithium Energy Corp1 LinkedIn Connections...
"Radiative Liquid Lithium (metal) Divertor" Inventor..-- Masayuki...
"Radiative Liquid Lithium (metal) Divertor" Inventor..-- Masayuki Ono The invention utilizes liquid lithium as a radiative material. The radiative process greatly reduces the...
Improving the Performance of Lithium Manganese Phosphate
Improving the Performance of Lithium Manganese Phosphate Title Improving the Performance of Lithium Manganese Phosphate Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2009...
Lithium Diffusion in Graphitic Carbon
Volume 1 Start Page 1176 Issue 8 Pagination 1176-1180 Keywords anode, diffusion, graphene, lithium ion battery, transport Abstract Graphitic carbon is currently considered the...
Lithium-Ion Battery Issues
Lithium-Ion Battery Issues IEA Workshop on Battery Recycling Hoboken, Belgium September 26-27, 2011 Linda Gaines Center for Transportation Research Argonne National Laboratory...
Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
In order to obviate the deficiencies of currently used electrolytes in lithium rechargeable batteries, there is a compelling need for the development of solvent-free, highly conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). The problem will be addressed by synthesizing a new class of block copolymers and plasticizers, which will be used in the formulation of highly conducting electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. The main objective of this Phase-I effort is to determine the efficacy and commercial prospects of new specifically designed SPEs for use in electric and hybrid electric vehicle (EV/HEV) batteries. This goal will be achieved by preparing the SPEs on a small scale with thorough analyses of their physical, chemical, thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties. SPEs will play a key role in the formulation of next generation lithium-ion batteries and will have a major impact on the future development of EVs/HEVs and a broad range of consumer products, e.g., computers, camcorders, cell phones, cameras, and power tools.
Robert Filler, Zhong Shi and Braja Mandal
Method for gravel packing wells
This patent describes a method for gravel packing a well that penetrates an unconsolidated or poorly consolidated subterranean oil or gas reservoir. It comprises: providing a borehole casing through the reservoir; perforating the casing at preselected intervals therealong to form at least one set of longitudinal, perforation tunnels adjacent a substantial portion of the reservoir; locating a sand screen inside the casing and in juxtaposition with the perforation tunnels, an annulus being formed between the sand screen and the casing; positioning a conduit in juxtaposition with the sand screen extending substantially the length of the sand screen and having its upper extremity open to fluids; injecting a fluid slurry containing gravel down through the annulus and conduit whereby the fluid portion of the slurry is forced out of the annulus through the perforation tunnels into the reservoir and the gravel portion of the slurry deposited in the annulus and forced into the perforation tunnels into the formation; sizing the cross-sectional area of the conduit and the annulus so that if gravel forms a bridge in a portion of the annulus thereby blocking the flow of fluid slurry through the the annulus, fluid slurry containing gravel will continue to flow through the conduit and into the annulus around the gravel bridge; and terminating the injection of the slurry.
Jones, L.G.
Compost Bedded Pack Barns: Management Practices and Economic Implications.
??Compost bedded pack (CBP) barn design and pack maintenance procedures vary considerably, making advising and problem-solving challenging. One objective of this research was to characterize� (more)
Black, Randi Alyson
Composition dependence of lithium diffusivity in lithium niobate at high temperature
Composition dependence of lithium diffusivity in lithium niobate at high temperature D. H. Jundt on the diffusivity of lithium in lithium niobate at 1100 "C in the crystallographic z direction over the composition range from 48.38 to 49.85 mol % L&O. A vapor transport technique was applied to produce a lithium
Fejer, Martin M.
Solid lithium-ion electrolyte
The present invention relates to the composition of a solid lithium-ion electrolyte based on the Li{sub 2}O--CeO{sub 2}--SiO{sub 2} system having good transparent characteristics and high ion conductivity suitable for uses in lithium batteries, electrochromic devices and other electrochemical applications. 12 figs.
Zhang, J.G.; Benson, D.K.; Tracy, C.E.
The present invention relates to the composition of a solid lithium-ion electrolyte based on the Li.sub.2 O--CeO.sub.2 --SiO.sub.2 system having good transparent characteristics and high ion conductivity suitable for uses in lithium batteries, electrochromic devices and other electrochemical applications.
Zhang, Ji-Guang (Golden, CO); Benson, David K. (Golden, CO); Tracy, C. Edwin (Golden, CO)
Testing 8 Baseline Performance Testing Results 9 EnergyCS Prius - UDDS Fuel Use * 9 kWh Valence lithium pack - AC kWh EnergyCS PHEV Prius MPG & kWh - UDDS Testing 0 10 20 30...
Testing 7 Baseline Performance Testing Results 8 EnergyCS Prius - UDDS Fuel Use * 9 kWh Valence lithium pack - AC kWh EnergyCS PHEV Prius MPG & kWh - UDDS Testing 0 10 20 30...
Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity - PHEV Testing Results and...
on cycles 7 Baseline Performance Testing Results 8 EnergyCS Prius - UDDS Fuel Use * 9 kWh Valence lithium pack - AC kWh EnergyCS PHEV Prius MPG & kWh - UDDS Testing 180 9 170...
test problem for packing_sumit
Test problems of circles in circle packing with constraints and known the optimal solutions*. Hong-fei Teng1, 2**, Chao Che 2, Yu Chen 1, Yi-shou Wang 1. 1.
Groundwater well with reactive filter pack
A method and apparatus for the remediation of contaminated soil and ground water wherein a reactive pack material is added to the annular fill material utilized in standard well construction techniques.
Gilmore, Tyler J. (Pasco, WA); Holdren, Jr., George R. (Kennewick, WA); Kaplan, Daniel I. (Richland, WA)
Kold Pack: Proposed Penalty (2013-CE-5323)
DOE alleged in a Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty that Kold Pack, Inc. failed to certify walk-in cooler or freezer components as compliant with the energy conservation standards.
Surface Layers on Lead and Lithium By Richard Dudley Peterssulfuric acid and and lithium to water, Acid concentrationsbeen observed in the reaction of lithium with water vapor. i
Peters, Richard Dudley
Correlation of conductivity and angle integrated valence band photoemission
Correlation of conductivity and angle integrated valence band photoemission Correlation of conductivity and angle integrated valence band photoemission characteristics in single crystal iron perovskites for 300 K < T < 800 K: Comparison of surface and bulk sensitive methods Title Correlation of conductivity and angle integrated valence band photoemission characteristics in single crystal iron perovskites for 300 K < T < 800 K: Comparison of surface and bulk sensitive methods Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2010 Authors Braun, Artur, Bongjin S. Mun, Yun Sun, Z. Liu, Oliver Gröning, R. Mäder, Selma Erat, Xueyuan Zhang, Samuel S. Mao, Ekaterina Pomjakushina, Kazimierz Conder, and Thomas Graule Journal Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena Volume 181 Issue 1 Pagination 56-62 Date Published 07/2013
Bond-valence methods for pKa prediction. II. Bond-valence, electrostatic, molecular geometry, and solvation effects
In a previous contribution, we outlined a method for predicting (hydr)oxy-acid and oxide surface acidity constants based on three main factors: bond valence, Me?O bond ionicity, and molecular shape. Here electrostatics calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are used to qualitatively show that Me?O bond ionicity controls the extent to which the electrostatic work of proton removal departs from ideality, bond valence controls the extent of solvation of individual functional groups, and bond valence and molecular shape controls local dielectric response. These results are consistent with our model of acidity, but completely at odds with other methods of predicting acidity constants for use in multisite complexation models. In particular, our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of solvated monomers clearly indicate that hydrogen bonding between (hydr)oxo-groups and water molecules adjusts to obey the valence sum rule, rather than maintaining a fixed valence based on the coordination of the oxygen atom as predicted by the standard MUSIC model.
Bickmore, Barry R.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Tadanier, Christopher J.; Bylaska, Eric J.; Doud, Darrin
On universal structural characteristics of granular packs
Understanding the dependence of the structure of granular materials on grain parameters is key to predictive modelling of granular matter. Structural characteristics are commonly believed to be sensitive, for a given packing process, to intergranular friction, particle size distribution and initial conditions. We show here that the intergranular friction coefficient and the initial conditions are details, which can be scaled away, and that structures are determined mainly by the packing dynamics and the grain size distribution. This we do using the quadron description to analyse the structures of a number of numerically-generated planar disc packs in mechanical equilibrium, varying all these parameters. Our findings are as follows. 1. The mean coordination number is a universal function of the packing fraction, independent of the initial conditions, intergranular friction and size distribution we used, when "rattlers" are ignored. 2. For a given packing process and disc size distribution, both the total and conditional quadron volume distributions collapse to universal forms, independent of the initial conditions and intergranular friction. 3. The cell order distribution collapses to a universal form for all friction coefficients, initial conditions and for the two disc size distributions we studied. These results suggest that mechanically stable granular structures are determined mainly by the packing dynamics and the grains size / shape distributions - the effects of the intergranular friction and initial state can be scaled away and are therefore predictable.
Takashi Matsushima; Raphael Blumenfeld
Lithium niobate explosion monitor
Monitoring explosive devices is accomplished with a substantially z-cut lithium niobate crystal in abutment with the explosive device. Upon impact by a shock wave from detonation of the explosive device, the crystal emits a current pulse prior to destruction of the crystal. The current pulse is detected by a current viewing transformer and recorded as a function of time in nanoseconds. In order to self-check the crystal, the crystal has a chromium film resistor deposited thereon which may be heated by a current pulse prior to detonation. This generates a charge which is detected by a charge amplifier.
Bundy, Charles H. (Clearwater, FL); Graham, Robert A. (Los Lunas, NM); Kuehn, Stephen F. (Albuquerque, NM); Precit, Richard R. (Albuquerque, NM); Rogers, Michael S. (Albuquerque, NM)
Lithium electric dipole polarizability
The electric dipole polarizability of the lithium atom in the ground state is calculated including relativistic and quantum electrodynamics corrections. The obtained result {alpha}{sub E}=164.0740(5) a.u. is in good agreement with the less accurate experimental value of 164.19(1.08) a.u. The small uncertainty of about 3 parts per 10{sup 6} comes from the approximate treatment of quantum electrodynamics corrections. Our theoretical result can be considered as a benchmark for more general atomic structure methods and may serve as a reference value for the relative measurement of polarizabilities of the other alkali-metal atoms.
Puchalski, M.; KePdziera, D.; Pachucki, K. [Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, PL-60-780 Poznan (Poland); Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, PL-87-100 Torun (Poland); Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoza 69, PL-00-681 Warsaw (Poland)
Development of encapsulated lithium hydride thermal energy storage for space power systems
Inclusion of thermal energy storage in a pulsed space power supply will reduce the mass of the heat rejection system. In this mode, waste heat generated during the brief high-power burst operation is placed in the thermal store; later, the heat in the store is dissipated to space via the radiator over the much longer nonoperational period of the orbit. Thus, the radiator required is of significantly smaller capacity. Scoping analysis indicates that use of lithium hydride as the thermal storage medium results in system mass reduction benefits for burst periods as long as 800 s. A candidate design for the thermal energy storage component utilizes lithium hydride encapsulated in either 304L stainless steel or molybdenum in a packed-bed configuration with a lithium or sodium-potassium (NaK) heat transport fluid. Key issues associated with the system design include phase-change induced stresses in the shell, lithium hydride and shell compatibility, lithium hydride dissociation and hydrogen loss from the system, void presence and movement associated with the melt-freeze process, and heat transfer limitations on obtaining the desired energy storage density. 58 refs., 40 figs., 11 tabs.
Morris, D.G.; Foote, J.P.; Olszewski, M.
Method of recycling lithium borate to lithium borohydride through methyl borate
This invention provides a method for the recycling of lithium borate to lithium borohydride which can be reacted with water to generate hydrogen for utilization as a fuel. The lithium borate by-product of the hydrogen generation reaction is reacted with hydrogen chloride and water to produce boric acid and lithium chloride. The boric acid and lithium chloride are converted to lithium borohydride through a methyl borate intermediate to complete the recycle scheme.
Lithium ion conducting ionic electrolytes
A liquid, predominantly lithium-conducting, ionic electrolyte is described which has exceptionally high conductivity at temperatures of 100.degree. C. or lower, including room temperature. It comprises molten lithium salts or salt mixtures in which a small amount of an anionic polymer lithium salt is dissolved to stabilize the liquid against recrystallization. Further, a liquid ionic electrolyte which has been rubberized by addition of an extra proportion of anionic polymer, and which has good chemical and electrochemical stability, is described. This presents an attractive alternative to conventional salt-in-polymer electrolytes which are not cationic conductors.
Angell, C. Austen (Mesa, AZ); Xu, Kang (Tempe, AZ); Liu, Changle (Tulsa, OK)
A Lithium Superionic Sulfide Cathode for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
This work presents a facile synthesis approach for core-shell structured Li2S nanoparticles, which have Li2S as the core and Li3PS4 as the shell. This material functions as lithium superionic sulfide (LSS) cathode for long-lasting, energy-efficient lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The LSS has an ionic conductivity of 10-7 S cm-1 at 25 oC, which is 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk Li2S (~10-13 S cm-1). The high lithium-ion conductivity of LSS imparts an excellent cycling performance to all-solid Li-S batteries, which also promises safe cycling of high-energy batteries with metallic lithium anodes.
Lin, Zhan [ORNL; Liu, Zengcai [ORNL; Dudney, Nancy J [ORNL; Liang, Chengdu [ORNL
Conflicting Roles Of Nickel In Controlling Cathode Performance In Lithium-ion Batteries
A variety of approaches are being made to enhance the performance of lithium ion batteries. Incorporating multi-valence transition metal ions into metal oxide cathodes has been identified as an essential approach to achieve the necessary high voltage and high capacity. However, the fundamental mechanism that limits their power rate and cycling stability remains unclear. The power rate strongly depends on the lithium ion drift speed in the cathode. Crystallographically, these transition metal-based cathodes frequently have a layered structure. In the classic wisdom, it is accepted that lithium ion travels swiftly within the layers moving out/in of the cathode during the charge/discharge. Here, we report the unexpected discovery of a thermodynamically driven, yet kinetically controlled, surface modification in the widely explored lithium nickel manganese oxide cathode material, which may inhibit the battery charge/discharge rate. We found that during cathode synthesis and processing before electrochemical cycling in the cell nickel can preferentially move along the fast diffusion channels and selectively segregate at the surface facets terminated with a mix of anions and cations. This segregation essentially blocks the otherwise fast out/in pathways for lithium ions during the charge/discharge. Therefore, it appears that the transition metal dopant may help to provide high capacity and/or high voltage, but can be located in a �wrong� location that blocks or slows lithium diffusion, limiting battery performance. In this circumstance, limitations in the properties of Li-ion batteries using these cathode materials can be determined more by the materials synthesis issues than by the operation within the battery itself.
Gu, Meng; Belharouak, Ilias; Genc, Arda; Wang, Zhiguo; Wang, Dapeng; Amine, Khalil; Gao, Fei; Zhou, Guangwen; Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai; Baer, Donald R.; Zhang, Jiguang; Browning, Nigel D.; Liu, Jun; Wang, Chong M.
Specificity, flexibility and valence of DNA bonds guide emulsion architecture
The specificity and thermal reversibility of DNA interactions have enabled the self-assembly of crystal structures, self-replicating materials and colloidal molecules. Grafting DNA onto liquid interfaces of emulsions leads to exciting new architectural possibilities due to the mobility of the DNA ligands and the patches they form between bound droplets. Here we show that the size and number of these adhesion patches (valency) can be controlled. Valence 2 leads to flexible polymers of emulsion droplets, while valence above 4 leads to rigid droplet networks. A simple thermodynamic model quantitatively describes the increase in the patch size with droplet radii, DNA concentration and the stiffness of the tether to the sticky-end. The patches are formed between droplets with complementary DNA strands or alternatively with complementary colloidal nanoparticles to mediate DNA binding between droplets. This emulsion system opens the route to directed self-assembly of more complex structures through distinct DNA bonds with varying strengths and controlled valence and flexibility.
Lang Feng; Lea-Laetitia Pontani; Remi Dreyfus; Paul Chaikin; Jasna Brujic
Cyanoethylated Compounds as Additives in Lithium/Lithium Ion Batteries
The power loss of lithium/lithium ion battery cells is significantly reduced, especially at low temperatures, when about 1% by weight of an additive is incorporated in the electrolyte layer of the cells. The usable additives are organic solvent soluble cyanoethylated polysaccharides and poly(vinyl alcohol). The power loss decrease results primarily from the decrease in the charge transfer resistance at the interface between the electrolyte and the cathode.
Nagasubramanian, Ganesan
Cyanoethylated compounds as additives in lithium/lithium batteries
Nagasubramanian, Ganesan (Albuquerque, NM)
Feature - Lithium-air Batteries
Develop Lithium-Air Battery Li-air Li-air batteries hold the promise of increasing the energy density of Li-ion batteries by as much as five to 10 times. But that potential will...
Method for packed column separations and purifications
The invention encompasses a method of packing and unpacking a column chamber. A mixture of a fluid and a matrix material are introduced through a column chamber inlet so that the matrix material is packed within a column chamber to form a packed column. The column chamber having the column chamber inlet or first port for receiving the mixture further has an outlet port and an actuator port. The outlet port is partially closed for capturing the matrix material and permitting the fluid to flow therepast by rotating relative one to the other of a rod placed in the actuator port. Further rotation relative one to the other of the rod and the column chamber opens the outlet and permits the matrix material and the fluid to flow therethrough thereby unpacking the matrix material from the column chamber.
Holman, David A. (Richland, WA); Bruckner-Lea, Cynthia J. (Richland, WA); Brockman, Fred J. (Kennewick, WA); Chandler, Darrell P. (Richland, WA)
Lithium Technology Corporation | Open Energy Information
Corporation Corporation Jump to: navigation, search Name Lithium Technology Corporation Place Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania Zip PA 19462 Sector Vehicles Product Pennsylvania-based lithium secondary battery company manufacturing rechargeable batteries for plug-in and hybrid vehicles and for custom military and industrial applications. References Lithium Technology Corporation[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Lithium Technology Corporation is a company located in Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania . References ↑ "Lithium Technology Corporation" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Lithium_Technology_Corporation&oldid=348412"
Lithium hydride and lithium amide for hydrogen storage J. Engbk, G. Nielsen, I. Chorkendorff
Lithium hydride and lithium amide for hydrogen storage J. Engbæk, G. Nielsen, I. Chorkendorff 1 interest. Lithium amid has a high hydrogen storage capability; 10.4wt.% hydrogen. In this study surface reactions of thin films of lithium with hydrogen and ammonia is studied under well controlled conditions
Mosegaard, Klaus
Real-time observation of lithium fibers growth inside a nanoscale lithium-ion battery
Real-time observation of lithium fibers growth inside a nanoscale lithium-ion battery Hessam August 2011; accepted 29 August 2011; published online 22 September 2011) Formation of lithium dendrite to observe the real-time nucleation and growth of the lithium fibers inside a nanoscale Li-ion battery. Our
Endres. William J.
Lithium Ion Solvation: Amine and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Solvates of Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS)
Lithium Ion Solvation: Amine and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Solvates of Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide, and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies of 6Li-15N labeled lithium hexamethyldisilazide ([6Li,15N]- Li ligand structure and lithium amide aggregation state is a complex and sensitive function of amine alkyl
Open cycle lithium chloride cooling system. Final report, March 1, 1982-May 28, 1983
A lithium chloride open cycle absorption chiller has been designed, built and tested. Solution reconcentration takes place in a small counter-current packed column supplied with solar heated air. Removal of non-condensable gases that enter the chiller dissolved in the strong solution and the make-up refrigerant streams is accomplished by a liquid-jet ejector and a small vacuum pump. Cooling capacities approaching 1.4 tons and COP levels of 0.58 have been achieved at non-optimum operating conditions. Test results from preliminary system operation suggest that mass transfer processes in both the packed column reconcentrator and the absorber are controlled by concentration gradients in the lithium chloride solution. Liquid phase controlled mass transfer dictates an operating strategy different from the previously assumed gas phase controlled process to obtain maximum rates of evaporation in the packed column. Determination of optimal operating conditions leading to decreased electrical power consumption and improved cooling capacity and coefficient of performance will require further analysis and testing.
Lenz, T. G.; Loef, G. O.G.; Iyer, R.; Wenger, J.
as cathode materials for lithium ion battery. ElectrochimicaCapacity, High Rate Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes Utilizinghours. 1.4 Lithium Ion Batteries Lithium battery technology
Wilcox, James D.
Geometric packing under non-uniform constraints
We study the problem of discrete geometric packing. Here, given weighted regions (say in the plane) and points (with capacities), one has to pick a maximum weight subset of the regions such that no point is covered more than its capacity. We provide ... Keywords: independent set, optimization, rounding scheme
Alina Ene; Sariel Har-Peled; Benjamin Raichel
Primary and secondary ambient temperature lithium batteries
These proceedings collect papers on the subject of batteries. Topics include: lithium-oxygen batteries, lithium-sulphur batteries, metal-metal oxide batteries, metal-nonmetal batteries, spacecraft power supplies, electrochemistry, and battery containment materials.
Gabano, J.P.; Takehara, Z.; Bro, P.
Recent advances in lithium ion technology
Lithium ion technology is based on the use of lithium intercalating electrodes. Carbon is the most commonly used anode material, while the cathode materials of choice have been layered lithium metal chalcogenides (LiMX{sub 2}) and lithium spinel-type compounds. Electrolytes may be either organic liquids or polymers. Although the first practical use of graphite intercalation compounds as battery anodes was reported in 1981 for molten salt cells (1) and in 1983 for ambient temperature systems (2) it was not until Sony Energytech announced a new lithium ion rechargeable cell containing a lithium ion intercalating carbon anode in 1990, that interest peaked. The reason for this heightened interest is that these cells have the high energy density, high voltage and fight weight of metallic lithium systems plus a very long cycle life, but without the disadvantages of dendrite formation on charge and the safety considerations associated with metallic lithium.
Levy, S.C.
Protective lithium ion conducting ceramic coating for lithium metal anodes and associate method
A battery structure including a cathode, a lithium metal anode and an electrolyte disposed between the lithium anode and the cathode utilizes a thin-film layer of lithium phosphorus oxynitride overlying so as to coat the lithium anode and thereby separate the lithium anode from the electrolyte. If desired, a preliminary layer of lithium nitride may be coated upon the lithium anode before the lithium phosphorous oxynitride is, in turn, coated upon the lithium anode so that the separation of the anode and the electrolyte is further enhanced. By coating the lithium anode with this material lay-up, the life of the battery is lengthened and the performance of the battery is enhanced.
Bates, John B. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Quark-Hadron Duality and Nucleon Valence Structure \
A newly-obtained data sample of inclusive electron-nucleon scattering from deuterium and hydrogen targets at Jefferson Lab has been analyzed for precision tests of quark-hadron duality. In all cases, duality appears to be a non-trivial dynamic property of the nucleon structure function. Assuming duality, the proton magnetic form factor is extracted from the inelastic data alone, and found to be in good agreement with the world's data. Higher twist contributions are found to be small on average, even down to Q^2 ~ 0 5 GeV^2.The investigation yields a scaling curve from duality arguments which resembles deep-inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering data, indicating a potential sensitivity to valence and valence-like structure.
Keppel, Cynthia
Electrochemical Shock of Lithium Battery Materials - Programmaster ...
Symposium, Mesoscale Computational Materials Science of Energy Materials. Presentation Title, Electrochemical Shock of Lithium Battery Materials. Author(s)�...
Morphological Evolution of Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes
Atomic Scale Modeling of Point Defects in Materials: Coupling Ab Initio and Elasticity Approaches ... Electrochemical Shock of Lithium Battery Materials.
Terahertz Properties of Lithium Iron Phosphate Glasses
Presentation Title, Terahertz Properties of Lithium Iron Phosphate Glasses ... Field Assisted Viscous Flow and Crystallization in a Sodium Aluminosilicate Glass.
Ionic liquids for rechargeable lithium batteries
M. Armand, �Room temperature molten salts as lithium batteryZ. Suarez, �Ionic liquid (molten salt) phase organometallic
Salminen, Justin; Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Kerr, John; Prausnitz, John; Newman, John
Solid Lithium Ion Conducting Electrolytes Suitable for ...
Batteries with solid lithium ion conducting electrolytes would ... The invention is cost-effective and suitable for manufacturing solid electrolyte ...
Dendrite Growth Prevention Technology for Lithium Metal ...
Search PNNL. PNNL Home; About; Research; Publications; Jobs; News; Contacts; Dendrite Growth Prevention Technology for Lithium Metal Batteries. ...
Intermetallic electrodes for lithium batteries - Energy ...
This invention relates to intermetallic negative electrode compounds for non-aqueous, electrochemical lithium cells and batteries. More specifically, ...
Graphene Fabrication and Lithium Ion Batteries Applications
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2013 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Nanostructured Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and for Supercapacitors.
Solid composite electrolytes for lithium batteries
Solid composite electrolytes are provided for use in lithium batteries which exhibit moderate to high ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures and low activation energies. In one embodiment, a ceramic-ceramic composite electrolyte is provided containing lithium nitride and lithium phosphate. The ceramic-ceramic composite is also preferably annealed and exhibits an activation energy of about 0.1 eV.
Kumar, Binod (Dayton, OH); Scanlon, Jr., Lawrence G. (Fairborn, OH)
Magnetism in Lithium�Oxygen Discharge Product
Nonaqueous lithium�oxygen batteries have a much superior theoretical gravimetric energy density compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, and thus could render long-range electric vehicles a reality. A molecular-level understanding of the reversible formation of lithium peroxide in these batteries, the properties of major/minor discharge products, and the stability of the nonaqueous electrolytes is required to achieve successful lithium�oxygen batteries. We demonstrate that the major discharge product formed in the lithium�oxygen cell, lithium peroxide, exhibits a magnetic moment. These results are based on dc-magnetization measurements and a lithium� oxygen cell containing an ether-based electrolyte. The results are unexpected because bulk lithium peroxide has a significant band gap. Density functional calculations predict that superoxide- type surface oxygen groups with unpaired electrons exist on stoichiometric lithium peroxide crystalline surfaces and on nanoparticle surfaces; these computational results are consistent with the magnetic measurement of the discharged lithium peroxide product as well as EPR measurements on commercial lithium peroxide. The presence of superoxide-type surface oxygen groups with spin can play a role in the reversible formation and decomposition of lithium peroxide as well as the reversible formation and decomposition of electrolyte molecules.
Lu, Jun; Jung, Hun-Ji; Lau, Kah Chun; Zhang, Zhengcheng; Schlueter, John A.; Du, Peng; Assary, Rajeev S.; Greeley, Jeffrey P.; Ferguson, Glen A.; Wang, Hsien-Hau; Hassoun, Jusef; Iddir, Hakim; Zhou, Jigang; Zuin, Lucia; Hu, Yongfeng; Sun, Yang-Kook; Scrosati, Bruno; Curtiss, Larry A.; Amine, Khalil
Lithium metal oxide electrodes for lithium cells and batteries
A lithium metal oxide positive electrode for a non-aqueous lithium cell is disclosed. The cell is prepared in its initial discharged state and has a general formula xLiMO.sub.2.(1-x)Li.sub.2 M'O.sub.3 in which 0 Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Johnson, Christopher S. (Naperville, IL); Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL); Kim, Jaekook (Naperville, IL) 2004-01-13T23:59:59.000Z
Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Johnson, Christopher S. (Naperville, IL); Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL); Kim, Jaekook (Naperville, IL)
Strengthened lithium for x-ray blast windows
Lithium's high x-ray transparency makes it an attractive material for windows intended to protect soft x-ray diagnostics in high energy density experiments. Pure lithium is soft and weak, but lithium mixed with lithium hydride powder becomes harder and stronger, in principle without any additional x-ray absorption. A comparison with the standard material for x-ray windows, beryllium, suggests that lithium or lithium strengthened by lithium hydride may well be an excellent option for such windows.
Pereira, N. R. [Ecopulse Inc., P.O. Box 528, Springfield, Virginia 22150 (United States); Imam, M. A. [Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States)
Development of encapsulated lithium hydride sink-side thermal energy storage for pulsed space power systems
Value analysis indicates that inclusion of thermal energy storage (TES) as an element in a pulsed space power supply will reduce the mass of the heat rejection system. A candidate design for the TES component utilizes lithium hydride (LiH) encapsulated in 304L stainless steel or molybdenum in a packed-bed configuration with a lithium or sodium-potassium (NaK) heat transport fluid. Critical concerns with this concept are the need to (1) accommodate shell stresses induced by volumetric expansion of the melting salt or surface gripping by the freezing salt and (2) minimize hydrogen loss through the shell due to LiH dissociation at high temperatures. Experimental observation of significant cracking of the LiH during cooling mitigates the first of these issues by providing a leakage path into the interior void as melting occurs at the salt-containment interface, thus allowing use of thin shells.
Morris, D.G.; Foote, J.P.; Olszewski, M.; Whittaker, J.W.
Lithium ion rechargeable systems studies
Lithium ion systems, although relatively new, have attracted much interest worldwide. Their high energy density, long cycle life and relative safety, compared with metallic lithium rechargeable systems, make them prime candidates for powering portable electronic equipment. Although lithium ion cells are presently used in a few consumer devices, e.g., portable phones, camcorders, and laptop computers, there is room for considerable improvement in their performance. Specific areas that need to be addressed include: (1) carbon anode--increase reversible capacity, and minimize passivation; (2) cathode--extend cycle life, improve rate capability, and increase capacity. There are several programs ongoing at Sandia National Laboratories which are investigating means of achieving the stated objectives in these specific areas. This paper will review these programs.
Levy, S.C.; Lasasse, R.R.; Cygan, R.T.; Voigt, J.A.
Composite electrodes for lithium batteries.
The stability of composite positive and negative electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries is discussed. Positive electrodes with spinel-type structures that are derived from orthorhombic-LiMnO{sub 2} and layered-MnO{sub 2} are significantly more stable than standard spinel Li[Mn{sub 2}]O{sub 4} electrodes when cycled electrochemically over both the 4-V and 3-V plateaus in lithium cells. Transmission electron microscope data of cycled electrodes have indicated that a composite domain structure accounts for this greater electrochemical stability. The performance of composite Cu{sub x}Sn materials as alternative negative electrodes to amorphous SnO{sub x} electrodes for lithium-ion batteries is discussed in terms of the importance of the concentration of the electrochemically inactive copper component in the electrode.
Hackney, S. A.; Johnson, C. S.; Kahaian, A. J.; Kepler, K. D.; Shao-Horn, Y.; Thackeray, M. M.; Vaughey, J. T.
Thin-film Lithium Batteries
Thin-Film Battery with Lithium Anode Courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division Thin-Film Lithium Batteries Resources with Additional Information The Department of Energy's 'Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed high-performance thin-film lithium batteries for a variety of technological applications. These batteries have high energy densities, can be recharged thousands of times, and are only 10 microns thick. They can be made in essentially any size and shape. Recently, Teledyne licensed this technology from ORNL to make batteries for medical devices including electrocardiographs. In addition, new "textured" cathodes have been developed which have greatly increased the peak current capability of the batteries. This greatly expands the potential medical uses of the batteries, including transdermal applications for heart regulation.'
Thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries
Thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries using ceramic electrolyte and cathode materials have been fabricated by physical deposition techniques. The lithium phosphorous oxynitride electrolyte has exceptional electrochemical stability and a good lithium conductivity. The lithium insertion reaction of several different intercalation materials, amorphous V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, amorphous LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, and crystalline LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} films, have been investigated using the completed cathode/electrolyte/lithium thin-film battery.
Dudney, N.J.; Bates, J.B.; Lubben, D. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States). Solid State Div.
Thin-film Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
Thin film rechargeable lithium batteries using ceramic electrolyte and cathode materials have been fabricated by physical deposition techniques. The lithium phosphorous oxynitride electrolyte has exceptional electrochemical stability and a good lithium conductivity. The lithium insertion reaction of several different intercalation materials, amorphous V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, amorphous LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, and crystalline LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} films, have been investigated using the completed cathode/electrolyte/lithium thin film battery.
Dudney, N. J.; Bates, J. B.; Lubben, D.
Katech (Lithium Polymer) 4-Passenger NEV - Range and Battery Testing Report
The U.S. Department of Energy�s (DOE�s) Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA) received a Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) from the Korea Automotive Technology Institute (KATECH) for vehicle and battery characterization testing. The KATECH NEV (called the Invita) was equipped with a lithium polymer battery pack from Kokam Engineering. The Invita was to be baseline performance tested by AVTA�s testing partner, Electric Transportation Applications (ETA), at ETA�s contract testing facilities and test track in Phoenix, Arizona, to AVTA�s NEVAmerica testing specifications and procedures. Before and during initial constant speed range testing, the Invita battery pack experienced cell failures, and the onboard charger failed. A Kokamsupplied off-board charger was used in place of the onboard charger to successfully perform a constant speed range test on the Invita. The Invita traveled a total of 47.9 miles in 1 hour 47 minutes, consuming 91.3 amp-hours and 6.19 kilowatt-hours. The Kokam Engineering lithium polymer battery was also scheduled for battery pack characterization testing, including the C/3 energy capacity, dynamic stress, and peak power tests. Testing was stopped during the initial C/3 energy capacity test, however, because the battery pack failed to withstand cycling without cell failures. After the third discharge/charge sequence was completed, it was discovered that Cell 6 had failed, with a voltage reading of 0.5 volts. Cell 6 was replaced, and the testing sequence was restarted. After the second discharge/charge sequence was complete, it was discovered that Cell 1 had failed, with its voltage reading 0.2 volts. At this point it was decided to stop all battery pack testing. During the discharge cycles, the battery pack supplied 102.21, 94.34, and 96.05 amp-hours consecutively before Cell 6 failed. After replacing Cell 6, the battery pack supplied 98.34 and 98.11 amp-hours before Cell 1 failed. The Idaho National Laboratory managed these testing activities for the AVTA, as part of DOE�s FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program.
J. Francfort; D. Karner
Generally Contracted Valence-Core/Valence Basis Sets for Use with Relativistic Effective Core Potentials and Spin-Orbit Coupling Operators
A procedure for structuring generally contracted valence-core/valence basis sets of Gaussian-type functions for use with relativistic effective core potentials (gcv-c/v-RECP basis sets) is presented. Large valence basis sets are enhanced using a compact basis set derived for outer core electrons in the presence of small-core RECPs. When core electrons are represented by relativistic effective core potentials (RECPs), and appropriate levels of theory, these basis sets are shown to provide accurate representations of atomic and molecular valence and outer-core electrons. Core/valence polarization and correlation effects can be calculated using these basis sets through standard methods for treating electron correlation. Calculations of energies and spectra for Ru, Os, Ir, In and Cs are reported. Spectroscopic constants for RuO2+, OsO2+, Cs2 and InH are calculated and compared with experiment.
Ermler, Walter V.; Tilson, Jeffrey L.
Solid solution lithium alloy cermet anodes
A metal-ceramic composite ("cermet") has been produced by a chemical reaction between a lithium compound and another metal. The cermet has advantageous physical properties, high surface area relative to lithium metal or its alloys, and is easily formed into a desired shape. An example is the formation of a lithium-magnesium nitride cermet by reaction of lithium nitride with magnesium. The reaction results in magnesium nitride grains coated with a layer of lithium. The nitride is inert when used in a battery. It supports the metal in a high surface area form, while stabilizing the electrode with respect to dendrite formation. By using an excess of magnesium metal in the reaction process, a cermet of magnesium nitride is produced, coated with a lithium-magnesium alloy of any desired composition. This alloy inhibits dendrite formation by causing lithium deposited on its surface to diffuse under a chemical potential into the bulk of the alloy.
Richardson, Thomas J.
Imaging Lithium Air Electrodes | ornl.gov
Neutron Imaging Reveals Lithium Distribution in Lithium-Air Electrodes Neutron Imaging Reveals Lithium Distribution in Lithium-Air Electrodes Agatha Bardoel - January 01, 2013 Image produced by neutron-computed tomography. The next step in revolutionizing electric vehicle capacity Research Contacts: Hassina Bilheux, Jagjit Nanda, and S. Pannala Using neutron-computed tomography, researchers at the CG-1D neutron imaging instrument at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) have successfully mapped the three-dimensional spatial distribution of lithium products in electrochemically discharged lithium-air cathodes. Lithium-air chemistry promises very high-energy density that, if successful, would revolutionize the world of electric vehicles by extending their range to 500 miles or more. The high-energy density comes from
Probe with integrated heater and thermocouple pack
A probe for measuring heat includes an elongate rod fitted within a sheath, and a plurality of annular recesses are formed on the surface of the rod in a spaced-apart relationship to form annular chambers that are resistant to heat flow. A longitudinal bore extends axially into the rod and within the cylinders defined by the annular chambers, and an integrated heater and thermocouple pack is dimensioned to fit within the bore. In construction, the integrated pack includes a plurality of wires disposed in electrical insulation within a sheath and a heater cable. These wires include one common wire and a plurality of thermocuple wires. The common wire is constructed of one type of conductive material while the thermocouple wires are each constructed of two types of materials so that at least one thermocouple junction is formed therein. All of the wires extend the length of the integrated pack and are connected together at their ends. The thermocouple wires are constructed to form thermocouple junctions proximate to each annular chamber for producing electromotive forces corresponding to the temperature of the rod within the annular chambers relative to outside the chambers. In the preferred embodiment, each thermocouple wire forms two thermocouple junctions, one junction being disposed within an annular chamber and the second junction being disposed outside of, but proximate to, the same annular chamber. In one embodiment two thermocouple wires are configured to double the sensitivity of the probe in one region.
McCulloch, Reg W. (Oak Ridge, TN); Dial, Ralph E. (Concord, TN); Finnell, Wilber K. R. (Kingston, TN)
A probe for measuring heat includes an elongate rod fitted within a sheath, and a plurality of annular recesses are formed on the surface of the rod in a spaced-apart relationship to form annular chambers that are resistant to heat flow. A longitudinal bore extends axially into the rod and within the cylinders defined by the annular chambers, and an integrated heater and thermocouple pack is dimensioned to fit within the bore. In construction, the integrated pack includes a plurality of wires disposed in electrical insulation within a sheath and a heater cable. These wires include one common wire and a plurality of thermocouple wires. The common wire is constructed of one type of conductive material while the thermocouple wires are each constructed of two types of materials so that at least one thermocouple junction is formed therein. All of the wires extend the length of the integrated pack and are connected together at their ends. The thermocouple wires are constructed to form thermocouple junctions proximate to each annular chamber for producing electromotive forces corresponding to the temperature of the rod within the annular chambers relative to outside the chambers. In the preferred embodiment, each thermocouple wire forms two thermocouple junctions, one junction being disposed within an annular chamber and the second junction being disposed outside of, but proximate to, the same annular chamber. In one embodiment two thermocouple wires are configured to double the sensitivity of the probe in one region.
McCulloch, Reginald W. (Oak Ridge, TN); Dial, Ralph E. (Concord, TN); Finnell, Wilber K. R. (Kingston, TN)
Lithium-endohedral C{sub 60} complexes.
High capacity, reversible, lithium intercalated carbon anodes have been prepared, 855 m.Ah/g, which exceed the capacity for stage 1 lithium intercalated carbon anodes, 372 mAh/g. Since there is very little hydrogen content in the high capacity anode, the fullerene C{sub 60} lattice is used to investigate the nature of lithium ion bonding and spacing between lithiums in endohedral lithium complexes of C{sub 60}. Three lithium-endohedral complexes have been investigated using ab initio molecular orbital calculations involving 2,3 and 5 lithium. The calculated results suggest that lithium cluster formation may be important for achieving the high capacity lithium carbon anodes.
Scanlon, L. G.
Anode material for lithium batteries
Primary and secondary Li-ion and lithium-metal based electrochemical cell systems. The suppression of gas generation is achieved through the addition of an additive or additives to the electrolyte system of respective cell, or to the cell itself whether it be a liquid, a solid- or plasticized polymer electrolyte system. The gas suppression additives are primarily based on unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Belharouak, Ilias (Westmont, IL); Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL)
Primary and secondary Li-ion and lithium-metal based electrochemical cell system. The suppression of gas generation is achieved through the addition of an additive or additives to the electrolyte system of respective cell, or to the cell itself whether it be a liquid, a solid- or plastized polymer electrolyte system. The gas suppression additives are primarily based on unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Belharouak, Ilias (Bolingbrook, IL); Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL)
Commercial Aluminum-Lithium Alloys
Table 8 Typical physical properties of selected aluminum-lithium alloys...-742 Elastic modulus, GPa (10 6 psi) 76 (11.0) 75 (10.9) 77 (11.2) Poisson's ratio 0.34 �?� �?� (a) Measured per ASTM G 60
Lithium-loaded liquid scintillators
The invention is directed to a liquid scintillating composition containing (i) one or more non-polar organic solvents; (ii) (lithium-6)-containing nanoparticles having a size of up to 10 nm and surface-capped by hydrophobic molecules; and (iii) one or more fluorophores. The invention is also directed to a liquid scintillator containing the above composition.
Dai, Sheng (Knoxville, TN); Kesanli, Banu (Mersin, TR); Neal, John S. (Knoxville, TN)
Belharouak, Ilias (Bolingbrook, IL); Amine, Khalil (Oak Brook, IL)
Lithium Ephedrate-Mediated Addition of a Lithium Acetylide to a Ketone: Solution Structures and Relative Reactivities of Mixed
Lithium Ephedrate-Mediated Addition of a Lithium Acetylide to a Ketone: Solution Structures-1301 ReceiVed April 30, 1997. ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed NoVember 26, 1997 Abstract: Addition of lithiumLi and 13C NMR spectroscopies reveal lithium cyclopropylacetylide in THF to be a dimer
Assessment of Response to Lithium Maintenance Treatment in Bipolar Disorder: A Consortium on Lithium
Assessment of Response to Lithium Maintenance Treatment in Bipolar Disorder: A Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) Report Mirko Manchia1 , Mazda Adli2 , Nirmala Akula3 , Raffaella Ardau4 , Jean
Recanati, Catherine
Ab initio screening of lithium diffusion rates in transition metal oxide cathodes for lithium ion batteries
A screening metric for diffusion limitations in lithium ion battery cathodes is derived using transition state theory and common materials properties. The metric relies on net activation barrier for lithium diffusion. ...
Moore, Charles J. (Charles Jacob)
The UC Davis Emerging Lithium Battery Test Project
Miller, M. , Emerging Lithium-ion Battery Technologies forSymposium on Large Lithium-ion Battery Technology andAltairnano EIG Lithium-ion battery modules available for
Burke, Andy; Miller, Marshall
Visualization of Charge Distribution in a Lithium Battery Electrode
of a Lithium-Polymer Battery. J. Power Sources 2006, 163,of a Lithium-Polymer Battery. J. Power Sources 2008, 180,Up of a Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery. J. Power Sources 2009,
Liu, Jun
Imaging Lithium Atoms at Sub-Angstrom Resolution
110] orientation for LiCoO 2 without lithium atoms ( upper)and with lithium atoms (lower). Images are simulated at 0.9�Horn LBNL-56646 resolution of lithium ions in LiCoO 2 . Fall
O'Keefe, Michael A.; Shao-Horn, Yang
Lithium Diisopropylamide: Oligomer Structures at Low Ligand Concentrations
Lithium Diisopropylamide: Oligomer Structures at Low Ligand Concentrations Jennifer L. Rutherford-dimensional 6Li and 15N NMR spectroscopic studies of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) solvated ligand concentrations are discussed. Introduction Spectroscopic studies of lithium amides at low ligand
Crystal Fine-Structure: . Lithium Ferrite (Li 20.Fe 0 )1I,J. Dih, Electrical Conductivity in Lithium Ferrite and LeadMagnetic Properties of Lithium Ferrite Raja Kishore Mishra
Mishra, Raja Kishore
Femtosecond second-harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate
Femtosecond second-harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides poled lithium niobate waveguides under large conversion conditions. Strong saturation of the SHG detailed experi- mental data on femtosecond SHG in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides
Purdue University
Packed fluidized bed blanket for fusion reactor
A packed fluidized bed blanket for a fusion reactor providing for efficient radiation absorption for energy recovery, efficient neutron absorption for nuclear transformations, ease of blanket removal, processing and replacement, and on-line fueling/refueling. The blanket of the reactor contains a bed of stationary particles during reactor operation, cooled by a radial flow of coolant. During fueling/refueling, an axial flow is introduced into the bed in stages at various axial locations to fluidize the bed. When desired, the fluidization flow can be used to remove particles from the blanket.
Chi, John W. H. (Mt. Lebanon, PA)
Lithium Research Status and PlansLithium Research Status and Plans Charles H. Skinner, PPPL
retention with lithium results (FY09 Joule Milestone) · Plans for LLD commissioning · LLD pumping · Impurity
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Lithium borate cluster salts as novel redox shuttles for overcharge protection of lithium-ion cells.
Redox shuttle is a promising mechanism for intrinsic overcharge protection in lithium-ion cells and batteries. Two lithium borate cluster salts are reported to function as both the main salt for a nonaqueous electrolyte and the redox shuttle for overcharge protection. Lithium borate cluster salts with a tunable redox potential are promising candidates for overcharge protection for most positive electrodes in state-of-the-art lithium-ion cells.
Chen, Z.; Liu, J.; Jansen, A. N.; Casteel, B.; Amine, K.; GirishKumar, G.; Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
A lithium metal oxide positive electrode for a non-aqueous lithium cell is disclosed. The cell is prepared in its initial discharged state and has a general formula xLiMO.sub.2.(1-x)Li.sub.2M'O.sub.3 in which 0 Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Johnson, Christopher S. (Naperville, IL); Amine, Khalil (Oakbrook, IL) 2008-12-23T23:59:59.000Z
Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Johnson, Christopher S. (Naperville, IL); Amine, Khalil (Oakbrook, IL)
Lithium Metal Oxide Electrodes For Lithium Cells And Batteries
A lithium metal oxide positive electrode for a non-aqueous lithium cell is disclosed. The cell is prepared in its initial discharged state and has a general formula xLiMO.sub.2.(1-x)Li.sub.2 M'O.sub.3 in which 0 Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Johnson, Christopher S. (Naperville, IL); Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL); Kim, Jaekook (Naperville, IL) 2004-01-20T23:59:59.000Z
Lithium-aluminum-iron electrode composition
A negative electrode composition is presented for use in a secondary electrochemical cell. The cell also includes an electrolyte with lithium ions such as a molten salt of alkali metal halides or alkaline earth metal halides that can be used in high-temperature cells. The cell's positive electrode contains a a chalcogen or a metal chalcogenide as the active electrode material. The negative electrode composition includes up to 50 atom percent lithium as the active electrode constituent in an alloy of aluminum-iron. Various binary and ternary intermetallic phases of lithium, aluminum and iron are formed. The lithium within the intermetallic phase of Al.sub.5 Fe.sub.2 exhibits increased activity over that of lithium within a lithium-aluminum alloy to provide an increased cell potential of up to about 0.25 volt.
Kaun, Thomas D. (Mokena, IL)
designer phase transitions in lithium-based spinels
When electrons in a metal become correlated with each other, new cooperative behavior can arise. This correlation is magnified when the metal has magnetic ions embedded in it. These atomic magnets try to line up with each other, but in doing so actually create a correlation between the motions of conduction electrons. In turn, these correlated electron motions prevent the magnetic ions from aligning, even at zero Kelvin. When this competition is strongest (at the so-called quantum critical point-QCP) the response of the system can no longer be described using the text book theory for metals. In addition, a range of new phenomena has been seen to emerge in the vicinity of a QCP, such as heavy-fermion superconductivity, coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity and hyper-scaling. The main goal of our research is to try to unravel the details of the feedback mechanism between electron motion and magnetism that lies at the heart of this new physics. We have chosen lithium-based spinel structures as the most promising family of systems to achieve our goal. Known lithium-based spinels Li{sub x}M{sub 2}O{sub 4} [M=V, Ti and Mn] show a variety of ground states: heavy-fermion, superconducting, or geometrically frustrated local moment systems. Li{sub x}M{sub 2}O{sub 4} should be ideal systems for studying QCPs since their properties can easily be fine-tuned, simply by extracting some Li [which can be done without introducing disorder in the immediate surroundings of the magnetic ions]. The premise of the proposal was that since this Li-extraction can be done both in the metallic as well as in insulating compounds, that we can expand the types of quantum phase transitions that can be studied to beyond transitions in magnetic metals. The project called for developing a better understanding of quantum phase transitions by measuring all aspects of the electronic response of Li{sub x}M{sub 2}O{sub 4} by means of neutron scattering, giving microscopic information about the behavior of the individual magnetic moments and their interactions, as well as by macroscopic measurements. In addition, the aim was to synthesize new lithium-based spinel compounds by using other transition metals that exhibit both 3{sup +} and 4{sup +} valencies. Here we report on the progress we have made during the course of this grant both towards the stated goals and on new avenues that developed as a direct result of the data we collected during this grant.
Wouter Montfrooij
Electrode materials and lithium battery systems
A material comprising a lithium titanate comprising a plurality of primary particles and secondary particles, wherein the average primary particle size is about 1 nm to about 500 nm and the average secondary particle size is about 1 .mu.m to about 4 .mu.m. In some embodiments the lithium titanate is carbon-coated. Also provided are methods of preparing lithium titanates, and devices using such materials.
Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL); Belharouak, Ilias (Westmont, IL); Liu, Jun (Naperville, IL)
Nanostructured Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and for ...
Mar 6, 2013 ... Nanostructured Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and for ... to control capacity loss and enhance energy efficiency of lithium-ion batteries.
Calorimetric Investigation of the Lithium�Manganese�Oxygen ...
Presentation Title, Calorimetric Investigation of the Lithium�Manganese�Oxygen Cathode Material System for Lithium Ion Batteries. Author(s), Damian M. Cupid,�...
Studies On Electrode Materials For Lithium-Ion Batteries.
??In the early 1970s, research carried out on rechargeable lithium batteries at the Exxon Laboratories in the US established that lithium ions can be intercalated� (more)
Palale, Suresh
Secretary Chu Celebrates Expansion of Lithium-Ion Battery Production...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Celebrates Expansion of Lithium-Ion Battery Production in North Carolina Secretary Chu Celebrates Expansion of Lithium-Ion Battery Production in North Carolina July 26, 2011 -...
Expanded North Carolina Lithium Facility Opens, Boosting U.S...
Expanded North Carolina Lithium Facility Opens, Boosting U.S. Production of a Key Manufacturing Material Expanded North Carolina Lithium Facility Opens, Boosting U.S. Production of...
Fact Sheet: Lithium-Ion Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage...
Fact Sheet: Lithium-Ion Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage (October 2012) Fact Sheet: Lithium-Ion Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage (October 2012) DOE's Energy Storage...
The present invention provides a composite material suitable for use in an anode for a lithium ion battery, the composite material comprising a layer of a lithium ...
Overcharge Protection for 4 V Lithium Batteries at High Rates...
Overcharge Protection for 4 V Lithium Batteries at High Rates and Low Temperature Title Overcharge Protection for 4 V Lithium Batteries at High Rates and Low Temperature...
ABAA - 6th International Conference on Advanced Lithium Batteries...
of lithium batteries for transportation applications, organizers from U.S.A., Japan and Korea jointly initiated the International Conference on Advanced Lithium Batteries for...
Available Technologies: Lower Cost Lithium Ion Batteries from ...
Lower Cost Lithium Ion Batteries from ... Although lithium ion batteries are the most promising candidates for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the u ...
Electrolyte additive for lithium rechargeable organic electrolyte battery
A large excess of lithium iodide in solution is used as an electrolyte adive to provide overcharge protection for a lithium rechargeable organic electrolyte battery.
Behl, Wishvender K. (Ocean, NJ); Chin, Der-Tau (Winthrop, NY)
Lithium-Ion Batteries: Examining Material Demand and Recycling ...
Abstract Scope, Use of vehicles with electric drive, which could reduce our oil dependence, will depend on lithium�ion batteries. But is there enough lithium?
Understanding Diffusion-Induced-Stresses in Lithium Ion Battery ...
Abstract Scope, Lithium insertion and removal in lithium ion battery electrodes can result in large volume expansion and contraction which may cause fracture�...
Nanocomposite Carbon/Tin Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Ceramic-Metal Composites for Electrodes of Lithium Ion Batteries, IB-2253; Lower Cost Lithium Ion Batteries from Aluminum Substituted Cathode ...
Lithium Tokamak Experiment (LTX) | Princeton Plasma Physics Lab
Lithium Tokamak Experiment (LTX) The Lithium Tokamak Experiment (LTX) produced its first plasma in September, 2008. The new device will continue the promising, innovative work...
Optimizing the Performance of Lithium Titanate Spinal Paired...
Optimizing the Performance of Lithium Titanate Spinal Paired with Activated Carbon or Iron Phosphate Title Optimizing the Performance of Lithium Titanate Spinal Paired with...
Itochu Takes Equity Stake in Lithium Resources Development Company ...
California is unique because of its high content of lithium. Simbol has made . tremendous progress in developing a technology to extract lithium from this
Layered Electrodes for Lithium Cells and Batteries | Argonne...
Layered Electrodes for Lithium Cells and Batteries Technology available for licensing: Layered lithium metal oxide compounds for ultra-high-capacity, rechargeable cathodes...
Electrode Structures and Surfaces for Lithium Batteries | Argonne...
Electrode Structures and Surfaces for Lithium Batteries Technology available for licensing: lithium-metal-oxide electrode materials with modified surfaces to protect the materials...
Modeling the Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Capacitors...
Modeling the Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Capacitors during Hybird Electric-Vehicle Operation Title Modeling the Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Capacitors...
High-rate capable organic radical cathodes for lithium rechargeable...
High-rate capable organic radical cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries Title High-rate capable organic radical cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries Publication Type...
Review of lithium-ion technology
The first practical use of graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) as battery anodes was reported in a 1981 patent by Basu in which a molten salt cell was described having a negative electrode that consisted of lithium intercalated in graphite. A second patent by Basu, issued in 1983, described an ambient temperature rechargeable system which also utilized lithium intercalated in graphite as the anode. Work in this area progressed at a low level, however, until interest was sparked in 1990 when Sony Corporation announced a new ``lithium-ion`` rechargeable cell containing a lithium ion intercalating carbon anode. These cells have the advantages of metallic lithium systems; i.e., high energy density, high voltage, and light weight, without the disadvantages of dendrite formation on charge and the safety considerations associated with metallic lithium. Materials other than carbon have been studied as intercalation anodes. Examples are Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, WO{sub 2} and TiS{sub 2}. Although these alternate anode materials are of interest academically and for specialty applications, they do not hold much promise for widespread general use due to their increased weight and lower cell voltage. Studies of cathode materials for lithium-ion systems have centered on the transition metal chalcogenides. A number of these materials are capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions at a useful potential versus lithium. Both organic liquids and polymers are candidate electrolytes for this technology.
Levy, S.C.; Cieslak, W.R.
Self-Regulating, Nonflamable Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ...
Rechargeable lithium batteries are superior to other rechargeable batteries due to their ability to store more energy per unit size and weight and to operate at ...
Layered Electrodes for Lithium Cells and Batteries
AV AILABLE FOR LICENSING Layered lithium metal oxide compounds for ultra-high capacity, rechargeable cathodes. The Invention High-capacity, rechargeable cathodes made ...
Lithium-Ion Batteries: Possible Materials Issues
Argonne, IL Abstract The transition to plug-in hybrid vehicles and possibly pure battery electric vehicles will depend on the successful development of lithium-ion batteries....
Ternary compound electrode for lithium cells
Lithium-based cells are promising for applications such as electric vehicles and load-leveling for power plants since lithium is very electropositive and of light weight. One type of lithium-based cell utilizes a molten salt electrolyte and normally is operated in the temperature range of about 350 to 500/sup 0/C. Such high temperature operation accelerates corrosion problems. The present invention provides an electrochemical cell in which lithium is the electroactive species. The cell has a positive electrode which includes a ternary compound generally represented as Li-M-O, wherein M is a transition metal. Corrosion of the inventive cell is considerably reduced.
Raistrick, I.D.; Godshall, N.A.; Huggins, R.A.
High Energy Density Secondary Lithium Batteries
High Energy Density Secondary Lithium Batteries Note: The technology described above is an early stage opportunity. Licensing rights to this intellectual property may
Cycling Degradation of Lithium Iron Phosphate Cells
Abstract Scope, Significant improvement of electronic conductivity of lithium iron ... commercialization in many applications especially in plug-in electric vehicles.
Lithium-based cells are promising for applications such as electric vehicles and load-leveling for power plants since lithium is very electropositive and of light weight. One type of lithium-based cell utilizes a molten salt electrolyte and normally is operated in the temperature range of about 350.degree.-500.degree. C. Such high temperature operation accelerates corrosion problems. The present invention provides an electrochemical cell in which lithium is the electroactive species. The cell has a positive electrode which includes a ternary compound generally represented as Li-M-O, wherein M is a transition metal. Corrosion of the inventive cell is considerably reduced.
Raistrick, Ian D. (Menlo Park, CA); Godshall, Ned A. (Stanford, CA); Huggins, Robert A. (Stanford, CA)
Simplified Electrode Formation using Stabilized Lithium Metal ...
A team of Berkeley Lab researchers led by Gao Liu has developed a doping process for lithium ion battery electrode formation that can boost a cell�s ...
Nanopower: Avoiding Electrolyte Failure in Nanoscale Lithium ...
... most of which is the battery itself�which ... wide�solid-state lithium ion batteries to see just ... cathode material, electrolyte, and anode materials with ...
Surface Modification Agents for Lithium Batteries
Increased safety and life of lithium-ion batteries, ... Electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles; Portable electronic devices; Medical devices; and
electrodes in lithium ion batteries
Nickel oxide (NiO) nanotubes have been produced for the first time via a template processing method. The synthesis involved a two step chemical reaction in which nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanotubes were firstly formed within the walls of an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template. The template was then dissolved away using concentrated NaOH, and the freed nanotubes were converted to NiO by heat treatment in air at 350 ? C. Individual nanotubes measured 60 ?m in length with a 200 nm outer diameter and a wall thickness of 20�30 nm. The NiO nanotube powder was used in Li-ion cells for assessment of the lithium storage ability. Preliminary testing indicates that the cells demonstrate controlled and sustainable lithium diffusion after the formation of an SEI. Reversible capacities in the 300 mAh g ?1 range were typical.
S. A. Needham; G. X. Wang; H. K. Liu
870 870 rd Presented at the 203 Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, April 28-30, 2003 in Paris, France and published in the Proceedings. Lithium-Based Electrochromic Mirrors Thomas J. Richardson and Jonathan L. Slack Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory April 2003 This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs, Office of Building Research and Standards of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. LITHIUM-BASED ELECTROCHROMIC MIRRORS Thomas J. Richardson* and Jonathan L. Slack Building Technologies Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Lithium battery safety and reliability
Lithium batteries have been used in a variety of applications for a number of years. As their use continues to grow, particularly in the consumer market, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on safety and reliability. There is a useful technique which can help to design cells and batteries having a greater degree of safety and higher reliability. This technique, known as fault tree analysis, can also be useful in determining the cause of unsafe behavior and poor reliability in existing designs.
Solid polymer electrolyte lithium batteries
This invention pertains to Lithium batteries using Li ion (Li.sup.+) conductive solid polymer electrolytes composed of solvates of Li salts immobilized in a solid organic polymer matrix. In particular, this invention relates to Li batteries using solid polymer electrolytes derived by immobilizing solvates formed between a Li salt and an aprotic organic solvent (or mixture of such solvents) in poly(vinyl chloride).
Alamgir, Mohamed (Dedham, MA); Abraham, Kuzhikalail M. (Needham, MA)
This invention pertains to Lithium batteries using Li ion (Li[sup +]) conductive solid polymer electrolytes composed of solvates of Li salts immobilized in a solid organic polymer matrix. In particular, this invention relates to Li batteries using solid polymer electrolytes derived by immobilizing solvates formed between a Li salt and an aprotic organic solvent (or mixture of such solvents) in poly(vinyl chloride). 3 figures.
Alamgir, M.; Abraham, K.M.
Dense Packings of Superdisks and the Role of Symmetry
We construct the densest known two-dimensional packings of superdisks in the plane whose shapes are defined by |x^(2p) + y^(2p)| 0.5, with the circular-disk case p = 1) and concave-shaped particles (0 Donev, Torquato and Stillinger, J. Comput. Phys. 202 (2005) 737] suggest exact constructions of the densest known packings. We find that the packing density (covering fraction of the particles) increases dramatically as the particle shape moves away from the "circular-disk" point (p = 1). In particular, we find that the maximal packing densities of superdisks for certain p 6 = 1 are achieved by one of the two families of Bravais lattice packings, which provides additional numerical evidence for Minkowski's conjecture concerning the critical determinant of the region occupied by a superdisk. Moreover, our analysis on the generated packings reveals that the broken rotational symmetry of superdisks influences the packing characteristics in a non-trivial way. We also propose an analytical method to construct dense packings of concave superdisks based on our observations of the structural properties of packings of convex superdisks.
Y. Jiao; F. H. Stillinger; S. Torquato
ET Parameters for Mixed-Valence Ru Complexes
Convergence of Spectroscopic and Kinetic Electron Transfer Parameters for Convergence of Spectroscopic and Kinetic Electron Transfer Parameters for Mixed-Valence Binuclear Dipyridylamide Ruthenium Ammine Complexes Alison J. Distefano, James F. Wishart, and Stephan S. Isied Coord. Chem. Rev. 249, 507-516 (2005). [Find paper at Elsevier Science Direct] Abstract: A series of binuclear ruthenium(II,III) pentaammine complexes bridged by 4-pyridyl isonicotinamide (iso-apy) and methyl, 4-pyridyl isonicotinamide (iso-mapy), and their mononuclear congeners, were studied by spectroscopic and kinetic techniques. The amide functionality provides asymmetry between the electronic environments of the metal ions bound to the aminopyridine (apy) and pyridine carbonyl (iso) ends. The resulting difference is observed in the charge transfer spectra and the
Valence-shell photoionization of chlorinelike Ar{sup +} ions
Absolute cross-section measurements for valence-shell photoionization of Ar{sup +} ions are reported for photon energies ranging from 27.4 to 60.0 eV. The data, taken by merging beams of ions and synchrotron radiation at a photon energy resolution of 10 meV, indicate that the primary ion beam was a statistically weighted mixture of the {sup 2}P{sub 3/2}{sup o} ground state and the {sup 2}P{sub 1/2}{sup o} metastable state of Ar{sup +}. Photoionization of this Cl-like ion is characterized by multiple Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances superimposed on a direct photoionization continuum. Observed resonance line shapes indicate interference between indirect and direct photoionization channels. Resonance features are spectroscopically assigned and their energies and quantum defects are tabulated. The measurements are satisfactorily reproduced by theoretical calculations based on an intermediate coupling semirelativistic Breit-Pauli approximation.
Covington, A. M.; Aguilar, A.; Covington, I. R.; Hinojosa, G.; Shirley, C. A.; Phaneuf, R. A.; Alvarez, I.; Cisneros, C.; Dominguez-Lopez, I.; Sant'Anna, M. M.; Schlachter, A. S.; Ballance, C. P.; McLaughlin, B. M. [Department of Physics, MS 220, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0058 (United States); Instituto de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 6-96, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos (Mexico); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36840 (United States); Institute for Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-14, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States)
Measurement-Based Quantum Computing with Valence-Bond-Solids
Measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) is a model of quantum computing that proceeds by sequential measurements of individual spins in an entangled resource state. However, it remains a challenge to produce efficiently such resource states. Would it be possible to generate these states by simply cooling a quantum many-body system to its ground state? Cluster states, the canonical resource states for MBQC, do not occur naturally as unique ground states of physical systems. This inherent hurdle has led to a significant effort to identify alternative resource states that appear as ground states in spin lattices. Recently, some interesting candidates have been identified with various valence-bond-solid (VBS) states. In this review, we provide a pedagogical introduction to recent progress regarding MBQC with VBS states as possible resource states. This study has led to an interesting interdisciplinary research area at the interface of quantum information science and condensed matter physics.
Kwek, Leong Chuan; Zeng, Bei
Valence-shell photoionization of chlorine-like Ar$^{+}$ ions
Absolute cross-section measurements for valence-shell photoionization of Ar$^{+}$ ions are reported for photon energies ranging from 27.4 eV to 60.0 eV. The data, taken by merging beams of ions and synchrotron radiation at a photon energy resolution of 10 meV, indicate that the primary ion beam was a statistically weighted mixture of the $^2P^o_{3/2}$ ground state and the $^2P^o_{1/2}$ metastable state of Ar$^{+}$. Photoionization of this C$\\ell$-like ion is characterized by multiple Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances superimposed on a direct photoionization continuum. Observed resonance lineshapes indicate interference between indirect and direct photoionization channels. Resonance features are spectroscopically assigned and their energies and quantum defects are tabulated. The measurements are satisfactorily reproduced by theoretical calculations based on an intermediate coupling semi-relativistic Breit-Pauli approximation.
Covington, A M; Covington, I R; Hinojosa, G; Shirley, C A; �lvarez, I; Cisneros, C; Dominguez-Lopez, I; Sant'Anna, M M; Schlachter, A S; Ballance, C P; McLaughlin, B M
Lithium batteries for pulse power
New designs of lithium batteries having bipolar construction and thin cell components possess the very low impedance that is necessary to deliver high-intensity current pulses. The R D and understanding of the fundamental properties of these pulse batteries have reached an advanced level. Ranges of 50--300 kW/kg specific power and 80--130 Wh/kg specific energy have been demonstrated with experimental high-temperature lithium alloy/transition-metal disulfide rechargeable bipolar batteries in repeated 1- to 100-ms long pulses. Other versions are designed for repetitive power bursts that may last up to 20 or 30 s and yet may attain high specific power (1--10 kW/kg). Primary high-temperature Li-alloy/FeS{sub 2} pulse batteries (thermal batteries) are already commercially available. Other high-temperature lithium systems may use chlorine or metal-oxide positive electrodes. Also under development are low-temperature pulse batteries: a 50-kW Li/SOCl{sub 2} primary batter and an all solid-state, polymer-electrolyte secondary battery. Such pulse batteries could find use in commercial and military applications in the near future. 21 refs., 8 figs.
Redey, L.
Fail-Safe Design for Large Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Systems
A fault leading to a thermal runaway in a lithium-ion battery is believed to grow over time from a latent defect. Significant efforts have been made to detect lithium-ion battery safety faults to proactively facilitate actions minimizing subsequent losses. Scaling up a battery greatly changes the thermal and electrical signals of a system developing a defect and its consequent behaviors during fault evolution. In a large-capacity system such as a battery for an electric vehicle, detecting a fault signal and confining the fault locally in the system are extremely challenging. This paper introduces a fail-safe design methodology for large-capacity lithium-ion battery systems. Analysis using an internal short circuit response model for multi-cell packs is presented that demonstrates the viability of the proposed concept for various design parameters and operating conditions. Locating a faulty cell in a multiple-cell module and determining the status of the fault's evolution can be achieved using signals easily measured from the electric terminals of the module. A methodology is introduced for electrical isolation of a faulty cell from the healthy cells in a system to prevent further electrical energy feed into the fault. Experimental demonstration is presented supporting the model results.
Kim, G. H.; Smith, K.; Ireland, J.; Pesaran, A.
Minimizing formation damage during gravel pack operations
A method is described for minimizing formation damage caused by intrusive fluids prior to a gravel packing operation in loosely consolidated formations penetrated by at least one well. The method comprises: filling the casing of the well with an underbalanced completion fluid; placing within the well a removable packer capable of isolating the space between the casing and the formation from the downhole well pressure; setting through the packer a first tubing suitable for perforating and stabilizing the flow of fluids into the well; perforating the casing; and introducing a blocking agent into the formation via the perforations which agent upon solidification is sufficient to minimize formation damage by avoiding the introduction of formation fluids.
Jennings, A.R. Jr.
Volatile Components from Packing Matrials, Rev. 2
An outgassing study was conducted on five packing materials, comprising two experiments. These materials comprised 277-4 borated concrete, Borobond4 concrete, polyethylene bags, silica-filled silicone rubber seals, and silicone foam padding. The purpose was measure the volume of gases which diffuse from packaging materials when sealed in containers. Two heating profiles were used to study the offgassing quantities in a set of accelerated aging tests. It was determined that the concretes contain a large quantity of water. The plastic materials hold much less moisture, with the silicone materials even consuming water, possibly due to the presence of silica filler. Polyethylene tends to degrade as the temperature is elevated and the foam stiffens.
Smith, R. A.
Thermal vacancies in close-packing solids
Based on Stillinger's version of cell cluster theory, we derive an expression for the equilibrium concentration of thermal monovacancies in solids which allows for a transparent interpretation of the vacancy volume and the energetic/entropic part in the corresponding Gibbs energy of vacancy formation $\\Delta G_{\\rm v}$. For the close--packing crystals of the hard sphere and Lennard--Jones model systems very good agreement with simulation data is found. Application to metals through the embedded--atom method (EAM) reveals a strong sensitivity of the variation of $\\Delta G_{\\rm v}$ with temperature to details of the EAM potential. Our truncation of the cell cluster series allows for an approximate, but direct measurement of crystal free energies and vacancy concentration in colloidal model systems using laser tweezers.
Mostafa Mortazavifar; Martin Oettel
Liquid Lithium Divertor and Scrape-Off-Layer Interactions on the National Spherical Torus Experiment: 2010 ? 2013 Progress Report
The implementation of the liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD) in NSTX presented a unique opportunity in plasma-material interactions studies. A high density Langmuir Probe (HDLP) array utilizing a dense pack of triple Langmuir probes was built at PPPL and the electronics designed and built by UIUC. It was shown that the HDLP array could be used to characterize the modification of the EEDF during lithium experiments on NSTX as well as characterize the transient particle loads during lithium experiments as a means to study ELMs. With NSTX being upgraded and a new divertor being installed, the HDLP array will not be used in NSTX-U. However UIUC is currently helping to develop two new systems for depositing lithium into NSTX-U, a Liquid Lithium Pellet Dripper (LLPD) for use with the granular injector for ELM mitigation and control studies as well as an Upward-Facing Lithium Evaporator (U-LITER) based on a flash evaporation system using an electron beam. Currently UIUC has Daniel Andruczyk Stationed at PPPL and is developing these systems as well as being involved in preparing the Materials Analysis Particle Probe (MAPP) for use in LTX and NSTX-U. To date the MAPP preparations have been completed. New sample holders were designed by UIUC?s Research Engineer at PPPL and manufactured at PPPL and installed. MAPP is currently being used on LTX to do calibration and initial studies. The LLPD has demonstrated that it can produce pellets. There is still some adjustments needed to control the frequency and particle size. Equipment for the U-LITER has arrived and initial test are being made of the electron beam and design of the U-LITER in progress. It is expected to have these ready for the first run campaign of NSTX-U.
Proton-Neutron Coupling in the Gamow Shell Model: the Lithium Chain
The shell model in the complex k-plane (the so-called Gamow Shell Model) has recently been formulated and applied to structure of weakly bound, neutron-rich nuclei. The completeness relations of Newton and Berggren, which apply to the neutron case, are strictly valid for finite-range potentials. However, for long-range potentials, such as the Coulomb potential for protons, for which the arguments based on the Mittag-Leffler theory do not hold, the completeness still needs to be demonstrated. This has been done in this paper, both analytically and numerically. The generalized Berggren relations are then used in the first Gamow Shell Model study of nuclei having both valence neutrons and protons, namely the lithium chain. The single-particle basis used is that of the Hartree-Fock-inspired potential generated by a finite-range residual interaction. The effect of isospin mixing in excited unbound states is discussed.
N. Michel; W. Nazarewicz; M. Ploszajczak
Transparent lithium-ion batteries , Sangmoo Jeongb
Transparent lithium-ion batteries Yuan Yanga , Sangmoo Jeongb , Liangbing Hua , Hui Wua , Seok Woo in capillaries. Adv Mater 8:245247. 24. Kim DK, et al. (2008) Spinel LiMn2O4 nanorods as lithium ion battery voltage window. For example, LiCoO2 and graphite, the most common cathode and anode in Li-ion batteries
Current status of the liquid lithium target
cycle Flexible tubes Oil pump Heat exchanger Oil chamber Inside the lab Outside the lab #12;Elect irradiations), Internal Report DSM/DAPNIA/SPhN, CEA Saclay (Dec 2003) 10 #12;Liquid lithium loop EM pump loop Water direction #12;15 Be Trap Heat Exchanger Cross Section Design to remove ~12 kW Lithium tank #12;Oil
McDonald, Kirk
A DC CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY PACK Geoff Walker Dept of Computer Science vehicle battery packs require DC circuit breakers for safety. These must break thousands of Amps DC at hundreds of Volts. The Sunshark solar racing car has a 140V 17Ahr battery box which needs such a breaker
Walker, Geoff
A Genetic Approach for Two Dimensional Packing with Constraints
In this paper, a new genetic algorithm based method is proposed for packing rectangular cargos of different sizes into a given loading area in a two dimensional framework. A novel penalty function method is proposed for checking the solution strings ... Keywords: genetic algorithm, penalty function, sentry point, two dimensional packing
Wee Sng Khoo; P. Saratchandran; N. Sundararajan
Packed bed reactor for photochemical .sup.196 Hg isotope separation
Straight tubes and randomly oriented pieces of tubing having been employed in a photochemical mercury enrichment reactor and have been found to improve the enrichment factor (E) and utilization (U) compared to a non-packed reactor. One preferred embodiment of this system uses a moving bed (via gravity) for random packing.
Grossman, Mark W. (Belmont, MA); Speer, Richard (Reading, MA)
Packing assembly for use in a plunger bore
A packing assembly is described which is adapted to be installed in a machine, such as a pump, the machine having a housing with a plunger bore and a plunger therin to provide a fluid-tight seal for the machine. The assembly consists of: a packing gland which fastens into one end of the plunger bore; a packing gland spacer positioned adjacent to and in contact with the packing gland; a lubrication gland positioned adjacent to and in contact with the packing gland spacer; a separate stack of packing rings, which includes at least two packing rings, each ring in the stack has a front face defining a concave shape, a rear face defining a convex shape, and a groove, defining a concave shape, in the front face; a female adaptor ring positioned between the lubrication gland and the packing ring stack, the female adaptor ring has a front face with a concave shape, the concave shape defines an angle which substantially conforms to the angle defined by the convex shape of the rear face of the last packing ring in the stack, such that the front face of the female adaptor ring can seat firmly against the rear face of the last packing ring; a male-female adaptor ring positioned between two packing rings in the stack, the male-female adaptor ring has a front face and rear face, the rear face has a convex shape and an integral rib member defining a convex shape, on the rear face, and the front face has a concave shape; the convex shape of the rear face of the male-female adaptor ring defines an angle which substantially conforms to the angle defined by the concave shape of the front face of the last packing ring in the stack and the convex shape of the face of the last packing ring in the stack and the convex shape of the rib member substantially conforms to the concave shape of the groove in the front face of the last packing ring.
Cameron, D.C.; Cobb, H.V.; Winn, F.M.
Lithium-Assisted Electrochemical Welding in Silicon Nanowire Battery Electrodes
-healing, interfacial lithium diffusivity, in situ TEM, lithium-ion battery Silicon is an auspicious candidate to replace today's widely utilized graphitic anodes in lithium ion batteries because its specific energy evidence of facile transport of lithium ions, which are both desirable properties for enhanced battery
Li, Teng
Impact of Lithium Availability on Vehicle Electrification (Presentation)
This presentation discusses the relationship between electric drive vehicles and the availability of lithium.
Neubauer, J.
Surface-Modified Active Materials for Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes
lithium ion battery electrodes that lowers binder cost without sacrificing performance and reliability.
Intense Lithium Streams in Tokamaks 1 Leonid E. Zakharov,
Intense Lithium Streams in Tokamaks 1 Leonid E. Zakharov, Princeton University, Princeton Plasma. Temperature of the streams. 2. Lithium jets. 3. Injection into vacuum chamber. 4. Propulsion inside the vacuum chamber. 5. Stability of the lithium streams. 6. Expulsion of the lithium. 7. Summary. PRINCETON PLASMA
Zakharov, Leonid E.
Lithium Reagents DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603038
Lithium Reagents DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603038 Lithium Diisopropylamide: Solution Kinetics Keywords: kinetics · lithium diisopropylamide · metalation · solvent effects · synthesis design D. B: lithium diiso- propylamide (LDA). LDA has played a profound role in organic synthesis, serving as the base
NSTX Liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD) Design Status and Plans
NSTX Liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD) Design Status and Plans Office of Science H. W. Kugel, PPPL Design Status and Plans (Kugel) 2July 28, 2008 Motivation for NSTX Lithium Research · NSTX research with solid lithium is aimed initially towards using liquid lithium to control density, edge collisionality
Lithium Lorentz Force Accelerator Thruster (LiLFA)
Lithium Lorentz Force Accelerator Thruster (LiLFA) Adam Coulon Princeton University Electric #12;LiLFA Thruster · Lithium vapor ionizes in the electric field · A current evolves in the plasma and Control System Position Sensing Detector #12;Lithium Reservoir Argon Flow Copper Water Flow Piston/Lithium
Improving the density of jammed disordered packings using ellipsoids
Packing problems, such as how densely objects can fill a volume, are among the most ancient and persistent problems in mathematics and science. For equal spheres, it has only recently been proved that the face-centered cubic lattice has the highest possible packing fraction ? = ? / ? 18 ? 0.74. It is also well-known that certain random (amorphous) jammed packings have ? ? 0.64. Here we show experimentally and with a new simulation algorithm that ellipsoids can randomly pack more densely; up to ? = 0.68 ? 0.71 for spheroids with an aspect ratio close to that of M&M�S r?Candies, and even approach ? ? 0.74 for general ellipsoids. We suggest that the higher density is directly related to the higher number of degrees of freedom per particle and thus the larger number of particle contacts required to mechanically stabilize the packing. We support this by
Aleksandar Donev; Ibrahim Cisse; David Sachs; Evan A. Variano; Frank H. Stillinger; Robert Connelly; Salvatore Torquato; P. M. Chaikin
Unconsolidated sand grain shape, size impact frac-pack design
The shape and size of sand grains, as well as the saturating fluid, influence the mechanical properties of unconsolidated sands and need to be considered in frac-pack design. These mechanical properties of unconsolidated properties of unconsolidated sands play an important role in determining the geometry of frac-pack treatments. Stress-strain curves obtained for unconsolidated sands at elevated stresses show highly nonlinear hysteretic behavior. The impact of these findings on frac-pack design can be significant. The nonlinear elastic properties of unconsolidated sand can give rise to some unique features in the pressure response and in the fracture geometry that may not be observed in hard rocks. This article focuses on the impact of mechanical properties of poorly consolidated and unconsolidated sands on the geometry of frac packs. The paper discusses frac packs, mechanical properties (Young`s modulus, shear failure) and effective treatments.
Wang, E.; Sharma, M.M. [Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Ring type dumped packing saving 30% on tower cost
This article discusses the packing problems of a flue gas processing plant that recovers 90,000 lb/hr of carbon dioxide for use in an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project. A concentrated absorption solution was needed to keep the liquid circulation low, and a packing with low pressure drop and high effective surface area was needed to keep the fan horsepower and column size down and minimize the amount of CO/sub 2/ that slips through the column. The solution was to use a high concentration CO/sub 2/ recovery solvent and a proprietary ring type packing was used which gives 50% less pressure drop than conventional packing and provides high efficiency. Carbon steel packing rings were used except for two sections.
Wiggins, W.R. III; Hodel, A.E.
Structural Integration of Silicon Solar Cells and Lithium-ion Batteries Using Printed Electronics
Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery ..Performance of Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery Introduction Assolid state lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery were adhesively
Kang, Jin Sung
Performance of Lithium Ion Cell Anode Graphites Under Various Cycling Conditions
CA 94720 Performance of Lithium Ion Cell Anode Graphitesevaluated (in coin cells with lithium counter electrodes) asanode materials for lithium-ion cells intended for use in
Ridgway, Paul
and Ambient Temperature Lithium Batteries, B. B. Owens and1 Soci ety FILM FORMATION ON LITHIUM IN PROPYLENE CARBONATECalifornia. Film Formation on Lithium 1n Propylene Carbonate
Geronov, Y.
Momentum Profile and Final Correlation Effects of Iso-butane Inner Valence by Binary (e, 2e) Spectroscopy
Momentum Profile and Final Correlation Effects of Iso-butane Inner Valence by Binary (e, 2e Momentum Profile and Final Correlation Effects of Iso-butane Inner Valence by Binary (e, 2e) Spectroscopy) The binding energy spectra and the momentum distributions of the valence orbitals of iso-butane, also known
Wang, Yayu
J. Am. Chem. SOC.1991, 113,9575-9585 9575 Mixed Aggregation of Lithium Enolates and Lithium Halides
J. Am. Chem. SOC.1991, 113,9575-9585 9575 Mixed Aggregation of Lithium Enolates and Lithium Halides with Lithium 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidide(LiTMP) Patricia L. Hall, James H. Gilchrist, Aidan T. Harrison]-lithiumdi-tert-butylamide and conformationally locked [6Li]-lithium2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylpiperidide shed further light
Intermetallic insertion anodes for lithium batteries.
Binary intermetallic compounds containing lithium, or lithium alloys, such as Li{sub x}Al, Li{sub x}Si and Li{sub x}Sn have been investigated in detail in the past as negative electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. It is generally acknowledged that the major limitation of these systems is the large volumetric expansion that occurs when lithium reacts with the host metal. Such large increases in volume limit the practical use of lithium-tin electrodes in electrochemical cells. It is generally recognized that metal oxide electrodes, MO{sub y}, in lithium-ion cells operate during charge and discharge by means of a reversible lithium insertion/extraction process, and that the cells offer excellent cycling behavior when the crystallographic changes to the unit cell parameters and unit cell volume of the Li{sub x}MO{sub y} electrode are kept to a minimum. An excellent example of such an electrode is the spinel Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}, which maintains its cubic symmetry without any significant change to the lattice parameter (and hence unit cell volume) during lithium insertion to the rock-salt composition Li{sub 7}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. This spinel electrode is an example of a ternary Li{sub x}MO{sub y} system in which a binary MO{sub y} framework provides a stable host structure for lithium. With this approach, the authors have turned their attention to exploring ternary intermetallic systems Li{sub x}MM{prime} in the hope of finding a system that is not subject to the high volumetric expansion that typifies many binary systems. In this paper, the authors present recent data of their investigations of lithium-copper-tin and lithium-indium-antimonide electrodes in lithium cells. The data show that lithium can be inserted reversibly into selected intermetallic compounds with relatively small expansion of the lithiated intermetallic structures.
Thackeray, M. M.; Vaughey, J.; Johnson, C. S.; Kepler, K. D.
Process for recovering tritium from molten lithium metal
Lithium tritide (LiT) is extracted from molten lithium metal that has been exposed to neutron irradiation for breeding tritium within a thermonuclear or fission reactor. The extraction is performed by intimately contacting the molten lithium metal with a molten lithium salt, for instance, lithium chloride - potassium chloride eutectic to distribute LiT between the salt and metal phases. The extracted tritium is recovered in gaseous form from the molten salt phase by a subsequent electrolytic or oxidation step.
Maroni, Victor A. (Naperville, IL)
The Polarised Valence Quark Distribution from semi-inclusive DIS
The semi-inclusive difference asymmetry A^{h+ - h-} for hadrons of opposite charge has been measured by the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The data were collected in the years 2002-2004 using a 160 GeV polarised muon beam scattered off a large polarised 6-LiD target and cover the range 0.006 < x < 0.7 and 1 < Q^2 < 100 (GeV/c)^2. In leading order QCD (LO) the asymmetry A_d^{h+ - h-} measures the valence quark polarisation and provides an evaluation of the first moment of Delta u_v + Delta d_v which is found to be equal to 0.40 +- 0.07 (stat.) +- 0.05 (syst.) over the measured range of x at Q^2 = 10 (GeV/c)^2. When combined with the first moment of g_1^d previously measured on the same data, this result favours a non-symmetric polarisation of light quarks Delta u-bar = -Delta d-bar at a confidence level of two standard deviations, in contrast to the often assumed symmetric scenario Delta u-bar = Delta d-bar = Delta s-bar = Delta s.
Alekseev, M; Alexandrov, Yu; Alexeev, G D; Amoroso, A; Arbuzov, A; Badelek, B; Balestra, F; Ball, J; Barth, J; Baum, G; Bedfer, Y; Bernet, C; Bertini, R; Bettinelli, M; Birsa, R; Bisplinghoff, J; Bordalo, P; Bradamante, Franco; Bravar, A; Bressan, A; Brona, G; Burtin, E; Bussa, M P; Chapiro, A; Chiosso, M; Cicuttin, A; Colantoni, M; Costa, S; Crespo, M L; Dalla Torre, S; Dafni, T; Das, S; Das-Gupta, S S; De Masi, R; Dedek, N; Denisov, O Yu; Dhara, L; D�az, V; Dinkelbach, A M; Donskov, S V; Dorofeev, V A; Doshita, N; Duic, V; D�nnweber, W; Eversheim, P D; Eyrich, W; Fabro, M; Faessler, M; Falaleev, V; Ferrero, A; Ferrero, L; Finger, M; Fischer, H; Franco, C; Franz, J; Friedrich, J M; Frolov, V; Garfagnini, R; Gautheron, F; Gavrichtchouk, O P; Gazda, R; Gerassimov, S; Geyer, R; Giorgi, M; Gobbo, B; G�rtz, S; Gorin, A M; Grabmuller, S; Grajek, O A; Grasso, A; Grube, B; Gushterski, R; Guskov, A; Haas, F; Hannappel, J; Von Harrach, D; Hasegawa, T; Heckmann, J; Hedicke, S; Heinsius, F H; Hermann, R; Hess, C; Hinterberger, F; Von Hodenberg, M; Horikawa, N; Horikawa, S; D'Hose, N; Ilgner, C; Ioukaev, A I; Ishimoto, S; Ivanov, O; Ivanshin, Yu; Iwata, T; Jahn, R; Janata, A; Jasinski, P; Joosten, R; Jouravlev, N I; Kabuss, E; Kang, D; Ketzer, B; Khaustov, G V; Khokhlov, Yu A; Kisselev, Yu; Klein, F; Klimaszewski, K; Koblitz, S; Koivuniemi, J H; Kolosov, V N; Komissarov, E V; Kondo, K; K�nigsmann, K C; Konorov, I; Konstantinov, V F; Korentchenko, A S; Korzenev, A; Kotzinian, A M; Koutchinski, N A; Kuznetsov, O; Kral, A; Kravchuk, N P; Kroumchtein, Z V; K�hn, R; Kunne, Fabienne; Kurek, K; Ladygin, M E; Lamanna, M; Le Goff, J M; Lednev, A A; Lehmann, A; Lichtenstadt, J; Liska, T; Ludwig, I; Maggiora, A; Maggiora, M; Magnon, A; Mallot, G K; Mann, A; Marchand, C; Marroncle, J; Martin, A; Marzec, J; Massmann, F; Matsuda, T; Maksimov, A N; Meyer, W; Mielech, A; Mikhailov, Yu V; Moinester, M A; Mutter, A; Nagaytsev, A; Nagel, T; Nahle, O; Nassalski, J; Neliba, S; Nerling, F; Neubert, S; Neyret, D P; Nikolaenko, V I; Nikolaev, K; Olshevskii, A G; Ostrick, M; Padee, A; Pagano, P; Panebianco, S; Panknin, R; Panzieri, D; Paul, S; Pawlukiewicz-Kaminska, B; Peshekhonov, D V; Peshekhonov, V D; Piragino, G; Platchkov, S; Pochodzalla, J; Polak, J; Polyakov, V A; Pretz, J; Procureur, S; Quintans, C; Rajotte, J F; Ramos, S; Rapatsky, V; Reicherz, G; Richter, A; Reggiani, D; Robinet, F; Rocco, E; Rondio, E; Rozhdestvensky, A M; Ryabchikov, D I; Samoylenko, V D; Sandacz, A; Santos, H; Sapozhnikov, M G; Sarkar, S; Savin, I A; Schiavon, Paolo; Schill, C; Schmitt, L; Schonmeier, P; Schroder, W; Shevchenko, O Yu; Siebert, H W; Silva, L; Sinha, L; Sissakian, A N; Slunecka, M; Smirnov, G I; Sosio, S; Sozzi, F; Srnka, A; Stinzing, F; Stolarski, M; Sugonyaev, V P; Sulc, M; Sulej, R; Tchalishev, V V; Tessaro, S; Tessarotto, F; Teufel, A; Tkatchev, L G; Venugopal, G; Virius, M; Vlassov, N V; Vossen, A; Webb, R; Weise, E; Weitzel, Q; Windmolders, R; Wirth, S; Wislicki, W; Zaremba, K; Zavertyaev, M; Zemlyanichkina, E; Zhao, J; Ziegler, R; Zvyagin, A
Influence of Particle Size Distribution on Random Close Packing
The densest amorphous packing of rigid particles is known as random close packing. It has long been appreciated that higher densities are achieved by using collections of particles with a variety of sizes. The variety of sizes is often quantified by the polydispersity of the particle size distribution: the standard deviation of the radius divided by the mean radius. Several prior studies quantified the increase of the packing density as a function of polydispersity. Of course, a particle size distribution is also characterized by its skewness, kurtosis, and higher moments, but the influence of these parameters has not been carefully quantified before. In this work, we numerically generate many packings with different particle radii distributions, varying polydispersity and skewness independently of one another. We find two significant results. First, the skewness can have a significant effect on the packing density and in some cases can have a larger effect than polydispersity. Second, the packing fraction is relatively insensitive to the value of the kurtosis. We present a simple empirical formula for the value of the random close packing density as a function of polydispersity and skewness.
Kenneth W. Desmond; Eric R. Weeks
Lithium abundances in exoplanet-hosts stars
Exoplanet-host stars (EHS) are known to present surface chemical abundances different from those of stars without any detected planet (NEHS). EHS are, on the average, overmetallic compared to the Sun. The observations also show that, for cool stars, lithium is more depleted in EHS than in NEHS. The overmetallicity of EHS may be studied in the framework of two different scenarii. We have computed main sequence stellar models with various masses, metallicities and accretion rates. The results show different profiles for the lithium destruction according to the scenario. We compare these results to the spectroscopic observations of lithium.
M. Castro; S. Vauclair; O. Richard; N. C. Santos
Materials Processing for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Extensive efforts have been undertaken to develop and optimize new materials for lithium-ion batteries to address power and energy demands of mobile electronics and electric vehicles. However, the introduction of large-format lithium-ion batteries is hampered by high cost, safety concerns, and deficiencies in energy density and calendar life. Advanced materials-processing techniques can contribute solutions to such issues. From that perspective, this work summarizes the materials-processing techniques used to fabricate the cathodes, anodes, and separators used in lithium-ion batteries.
Li, Jianlin [ORNL; Daniel, Claus [ORNL; Wood III, David L [ORNL
Electrolytic method for the production of lithium using a lithium-amalgam electrode
A method for recovering lithium from its molten amalgam by electrolysis of the amalgam in an electrolytic cell containing as a molten electrolyte a fused-salt consisting essentially of a mixture of two or more alkali metal halides, preferably alkali metal halides selected from lithium iodide, lithium chloride, potassium iodide and potassium chloride. A particularly suitable molten electrolyte is a fused-salt consisting essentially of a mixture of at least three components obtained by modifying an eutectic mixture of LiI-KI by the addition of a minor amount of one or more alkali metal halides. The lithium-amalgam fused-salt cell may be used in an electrolytic system for recovering lithium from an aqueous solution of a lithium compound, wherein electrolysis of the aqueous solution in an aqueous cell in the presence of a mercury cathode produces a lithium amalgam. The present method is particularly useful for the regeneration of lithium from the aqueous reaction products of a lithium-water-air battery.
Cooper, John F. (Castro Valley, CA); Krikorian, Oscar H. (Danville, CA); Homsy, Robert V. (Oakland, CA)
Simplified Electrode Formation using Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) Doping of Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes
lithium ion battery electrode formation that can boost a cell�s charge capacity and lower its cost while improving reliability and safety.
Lithium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Ortholithiation and Anionic Fries Rearrangement of Aryl Carbamates: Role of
Lithium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Ortholithiation and Anionic Fries Rearrangement of Aryl of the lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)-mediated anionic Fries rearrangements of aryl carbamates are described, an LDA-lithium phenolate mixed dimer, and homoaggregated lithium phenolates. The highly insoluble
Microsoft PowerPoint - EnergyCS Valence Prius PHEVs Fleet report...
Activity North American PHEV Demonstration Fleet Summary Report:- EnergyCS Prius (Valance pack) Number of Vehicles: 5 (EnergyCS Data Logger) Reporting Period: 2008 Summary *...
A rapid method for the determination of lithium transference numbers
Lithium ion-conducting polymer electrolytes are of increasing interest for use in lithium-polymer batteries. Lithium transference numbers, the net fraction of current carried by lithium in a cell, are key figures of merit for potential lithium battery electrolytes. The authors describe the Electrophoretic NMR (ENMR) method for the determination of lithium ion transference numbers (T{sub Li}). The work presented is a proof-of-concept of the application of the ENMR method to lithium ion transference measurements for several different lithium salts in gelled electrolytes. The NMR method allows accurate determination of T{sub Li} values, as indicated by the similarity of T{sub Li} in the gelled electrolytes to those in aqueous electrolyte solutions at low salt concentration. Based on calculated tradeoffs of various experimental parameters, they also discuss some conclusions concerning the range of applicability of the method to other electrolytes with lower lithium mobility.
Zawodzinski, T.A. Jr.; Dai, H.; Sanderson, S.; Davey, J.; Uribe, F. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Electronics Materials and Device Research Group
A Material Change: Bringing Lithium Production Back to America | Department
A Material Change: Bringing Lithium Production Back to America A Material Change: Bringing Lithium Production Back to America A Material Change: Bringing Lithium Production Back to America June 29, 2012 - 5:34pm Addthis The Rockwood Lithium manufacturing facility in Kings Mountain, North Carolina. | Photo courtesy of Rockwood Lithium. The Rockwood Lithium manufacturing facility in Kings Mountain, North Carolina. | Photo courtesy of Rockwood Lithium. Niketa Kumar Niketa Kumar Public Affairs Specialist, Office of Public Affairs Between 1980 and 2009, the global demand for lithium has tripled. This metal is a key material in a number of growing industries -- including advanced vehicle batteries and consumer electronics. But more specifically, lithium-ion batteries are a vital component in electric vehicles and other rechargeable batteries for consumer electronics, and are used to produce
Test results of lithium pool-air reaction suppression systems
Engineered reaction suppression systems were demonstrated to be effective in suppressing lithium pool-air reactions for lithium quantities up to 100 kg. Lithium pool-air reaction suppression system tests were conducted to evaluate suppression system effectiveness for potential use in fusion facilities in mitigating consequences of postulated lithium spills. Small-scale perforated and sacrificial cover plate suppression systems with delayed inert gas purging proved effective in controlling the lithium-air interaction for lithium quantities near 15 kg at initial temperatures up to 450/sup 0/C. A large-scale suppression system with a sacrificial cover, a diverter plate, an inert gas atmosphere, and remotely retrievable catch pans proved effective in controlling lithium pool-air interaction for a 100-kg lithium discharge at an initial temperature of 550/sup 0/C. This suppression system limited the maximum pool temperature to about 600/sup 0/C less than that expected for a similar lithium pool-air reaction without a suppression system. Lithium aerosol release from this large-scale suppression system was a factor of about 10,000 less than that expected for a lithium pool-air reaction with no suppression system. Remote retrieval techniques for lithium cleanup, such as (1) in-place lithium siphoning and overhead crane dismantling, and (2) lithium catch pan removal by use of an overhead crane, were demonstrated as part of this large-scale test.
Passivation of Aluminum in Lithium-ion Battery Electrolytes with LiBOB
of Aluminum in Lithium-ion Battery Electrolytes with LiBOBin commercially available lithium-ion battery electrolytes,
Zhang, Xueyuan; Devine, Thomas M.
Leaders of the Fuel Cell Pack | Department of Energy
Leaders of the Fuel Cell Pack Leaders of the Fuel Cell Pack Leaders of the Fuel Cell Pack February 17, 2012 - 10:32am Addthis Fuel cell forklifts like the one shown here are used by leading companies across the U.S. as part of their daily business operations. | Energy Department file photo. Fuel cell forklifts like the one shown here are used by leading companies across the U.S. as part of their daily business operations. | Energy Department file photo. Sunita Satyapal Program Manager, Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology Program What does the report show? The 34 companies profiled used more than 250 fuel cells totaling 30+ MW of stationary power -- enough to supply electricity for over 21,000 households. What do WalMart, Coca-Cola, Sysco, and Whole Foods have in common? They're leading the pack when it comes to hydrogen and fuel cells.
Investigation on Operating Characteristics of Individual Cell among Battery Pack.
??Due to the discrepancy among series-connected cells in a lead-acid battery pack, the restored capacities may not be the same during the charging/discharging processes. Through� (more)
Chen, Wen-Chih
Direct contact condensation of immiscible fluids in packed beds
An experimental study of a film type direct contact heat exchanger using immiscible fluids is made. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a R-113-water system using both 2.5 cm Berl saddles and 3.2 cm spheres as packing, in a 14.6 cm diameter column. The configuration was counter flow, with the vapor phase entering at the base of the column, and condensing on the laminar water film that coated the packing surface. Packing height, water temperature and both water and vapor flow rates were varied in obtaining heat transfer data. These and other packed bed heat transfer data published in the literature were reduced and correlated to yield a relationship between the Stanton number and the important vessel operating parameters.
Thomas, K.D.; Jacobs, H.R.; Boehm, R.F.
A hybrid heuristic algorithm for the rectangular packing problem
A hybrid heuristic algorithm for the two-dimensional rectangular packing problem is presented. This algorithm is mainly based on divide-and-conquer and greedy strategies. The computational results on a class of benchmark problems have shown that the ...
Defu Zhang; Ansheng Deng; Yan Kang
Lawrence Pack, train conductor, and Y-12�s uranium
Lawrence Pack, train conductor, and Y-12's uranium? Trains were the primary means of long haul transportation in the 1940's. Many trains brought building materials to Y-12 and...
Nanostructure and Nanomechanics of Cement: Polydisperse Colloidal Packing
Cement setting and cohesion are governed by the precipitation and growth of calcium-silicate-hydrate, through a complex evolution of microstructure. A colloidal model to describe nucleation, packing, and rigidity of ...
Masoero, Enrico
Frac packs: A specialty option or primary completion technique?
High permeability fracture treatments have taken place at Alaska`s North Slope, in the North Sea, and most recently, in the unconsolidated Miocene formations of the Gulf of Mexico -- where gravel pack completions have historically been used to prevent sand production. In the Gulf of Mexico, attempts were made as early as the mid-1960s to hydraulically fracture sands. However, some of these early treatments failed because of improper techniques, poor candidate selection and lack of understanding of rock property mechanics. Recent developments in fracturing technology, and the use of this technology to fracture through damage has achieved more favorable results than gravel packing and sandstone acidizing, and has led to widespread use of these fracture treatments. The procedure for fracturing high permeability formations is called frac packing. These frac pack treatments are typically used to remove near-wellbore damage that occurs from drilling and completion operations.
Arbitrary Convex and Concave Rectilinear Module Packing Using TCG
In this paper, we deal with arbitrary convex and concave rectilinearmodule packing using the Transitive Closure Graph (TCG) representation.The geometric meanings of modules are transparent to TCG and itsinduced operations, which makes TCG an ideal representation ...
J. Lin; H. Chen; Y. Chang
Hazardous Waste: Resource Pack for Trainers and Communicators | Open Energy
Hazardous Waste: Resource Pack for Trainers and Communicators Hazardous Waste: Resource Pack for Trainers and Communicators Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Hazardous Waste: Resource Pack for Trainers and Communicators Agency/Company /Organization: International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Sector: Energy, Land, Water Focus Area: Renewable Energy, - Waste to Energy Phase: Evaluate Options Topics: Adaptation, Implementation, Low emission development planning, -LEDS Resource Type: Guide/manual, Training materials Website: www.trp-training.info/ Cost: Paid Language: English References: Training Resource Pack[1] "The new TRP+ provides a structured package of notes, technical summaries, visual aids and other training material concerning the (hazardous) waste
LEDS Collaboration in Action Workshop Participant Pack | Open Energy
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » LEDS Collaboration in Action Workshop Participant Pack Jump to: navigation, search LEDSGP Logo.png Advancing climate-resilient low emission development around the world Home About Tools Expert Assistance Events Publications Join Us ACDS Workshop Participant Pack Agenda Accommodations Participants Location Arrival Form Open Space Sessions Speakers Presentations Links Contact Us Participant Pack Pack.pdf Powered by OpenEI ledsgp.org is built on the same platform as the popular Wikipedia site. Like Wikipedia, it is a "wiki" or website developed collaboratively by a community of users. Thanks to our unique relationship with OpenEI.org, you
Towards Safer Lithium-Ion Batteries
Towards Safer Lithium-Ion Batteries Towards Safer Lithium-Ion Batteries Speaker(s): Guoying Chen Date: October 25, 2007 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Venkat Srinivasan Safety problems associated with rechargeable lithium batteries are now well recognized. Recent spectacular fires involving cell phones, laptops, and (here at LBNL) AA cells have made the news. These events are generally caused by overcharging and subsequent development of internal shorts. Before these batteries can be used in vehicle applications, improvement in cell safety is a must. We have been active in the area of lithium battery safety for many years. For example, a versatile, inexpensive overcharge protection approach developed in our laboratory, uses an electroactive polymer to act as a reversible, self-actuating, low resistance internal
Solid State Thin Film Lithium Microbatteries
Solid state thin film lithium microbatteries fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) are suggested. During deposition the following process parameters must be considered, which are laser energy and fluence, laser pulse ...
Shi, Z.
Lithium Droplet Injector......Inventors ..--..Lane Roquemore...
of edge-localized plasma modes, and replenishing lithium coatings of plasma facing components during a plasma operations of a fusion reactor. No.: M-848 Inventor(s): A. L Roquemore...
Layered electrodes for lithium cells and batteries
Lithium metal oxide compounds of nominal formula Li.sub.2MO.sub.2, in which M represents two or more positively charged metal ions, selected predominantly and preferably from the first row of transition metals are disclosed herein. The Li.sub.2MO.sub.2 compounds have a layered-type structure, which can be used as positive electrodes for lithium electrochemical cells, or as a precursor for the in-situ electrochemical fabrication of LiMO.sub.2 electrodes. The Li.sub.2MO.sub.2 compounds of the invention may have additional functions in lithium cells, for example, as end-of-discharge indicators, or as negative electrodes for lithium cells.
Johnson, Christopher S. (Naperville, IL); Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Vaughey, John T. (Elmhurst, IL); Kahaian, Arthur J. (Chicago, IL); Kim, Jeom-Soo (Naperville, IL)
Investigation of Interactions between Lithium Iron Phosphate ...
In this talk, we present an application of a particle-level model to simulate experiments that involve two isotopes of lithium, 6Li and 7Li. By measuring the 6Li and�...
NSTX Plasma Response to Lithium Coated Divertor
NSTX experiments have explored lithium evaporated on a graphite divertor and other plasma facing components in both L- and H- mode confinement regimes heated by high-power neutral beams. Improvements in plasma performance have followed these lithium depositions, including a reduction and eventual elimination of the HeGDC time between discharges, reduced edge neutral density, reduced plasma density, particularly in the edge and the SOL, increased pedestal electron and ion temperature, improved energy confinement and the suppression of ELMs in the H-mode. However, with improvements in confinement and suppression of ELMs, there was a significant secular increase in the effective ion charge Zeff and the radiated power in H-mode plasmas as a result of increases in the carbon and medium-Z metallic impurities. Lithium itself remained at a very low level in the plasma core, Lithium Divertor (LLD) recently installed.
H.W. Kugel, M.G. Bell, J.P. Allain, R.E. Bell, S. Ding, S.P. Gerhardt, M.A. Jaworski, R. Kaita, J. Kallman, S.M. Kaye, B.P. LeBlanc, R. Maingi, R. Majeski, R. Maqueda, D.K. Mansfield, D. Mueller, R. Nygren, S.F. Paul, R. Raman, A.L. Roquemore, S.A. Sabbagh, H. Schneider, C.H. Skinner, V.A. Soukhanovskii, C.N. Taylor, J.R. Timberlak, W.R. Wampler, L.E. Zakharov, S.J. Zweben, and the NSTX Research Team
It's Elemental - Isotopes of the Element Lithium
Periodic Table of Elements Next Element (Beryllium) Beryllium Isotopes of the Element Lithium Click for Main Data Most of the isotope data on this site has been obtained from...
NSTX experiments have explored lithium evaporated on a graphite divertor and other plasma facing components in both L- and H- mode confinement regimes heated by high-power neutral beams. Improvements in plasma performance have followed these lithium depositions, including a reduction and eventual elimination of the HeGDC time between discharges, reduced edge neutral density, reduced plasma density, particularly in the edge and the SOL, increased pedestal electron and ion temperature, improved energy confinement and the suppression of ELMs in the H-mode. However, with improvements in confinement and suppression of ELMs, there was a significant secular increase in the effective ion charge Zeff and the radiated power in H-mode plasmas as a result of increases in the carbon and medium-Z metallic impurities. Lithium itself remained at a very low level in the plasma core, <0.1%. Initial results are reported from operation with a Liquid Lithium Divertor (LLD) recently installed.
Lithium-ion batteries : an unexpected advance.
The discovery that the electronic conductivity of LiFePO{sub 4} can be increased by eight orders of magnitude may have a profound impact on the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.
Thackeray, M. M.; Chemical Engineering
California Lithium Battery, Inc. | Department of Energy
California California Lithium Battery, Inc. America's Next Top Energy Innovator Challenge 626 likes California Lithium Battery, Inc. Argonne National Laboratory California Lithium Battery ("CALBattery") is a start-up California company established in 2011 to develop and manufacture a breakthrough high energy density and long cycle life lithium battery for utility energy storage, transportation, and defense industries. The company is a joint venture between California-based Ionex Energy Storage Systems and CALiB Power. US production of this advanced Very Large Format (400Ah+) si-graphene LI-ion battery is scheduled to start in California in 2014. Plans are to produce the initial batteries for CALBattery JV partner Ionex Energy Storage Systems for use in 1-100MW grid scale energy storage
Categorical Exclusion 4497: Lithium Wet Chemistry Project
8/2012 07:36 8/2012 07:36 8655749041 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPL U.S. Department of Energy Categorical Exclusion Detennination Form Proposed Action Tills: Lithium W@t Chemistry Project (4597) Program or Fi~ld Oftke: Y-12 Site Office L&cationfs) (CiWLCount:r/State): Oak Ridge, Anderson County; Tennessee Proposed Action Description: PAGE 03/04 r: :;: :: !: s .a : brnl, i ~ y. : $ ~-rtl~il : t·:~::;J The proposed action is to develop a small lithium wet chemistry operation for the following purposes: (1) to capture wet chemistry operations, (2) to provide processing path for Lithium materials such as machine dust, (3) to provide lithium based materials, and (4) to produce the littlium hydroxide needed to support production. CategQrj~l Exclusion(s) Applied
Argonne Transportation - Lithium Battery Technology Patents
Awarded Lithium Battery Technology Patents Awarded Lithium Battery Technology Patents "Composite-structure" material is a promising battery electrode for electric vehicles Argonne National Laboratory has been granted two U.S. patents (U.S. Pat. 6,677,082 and U.S. Pat. 6,680,143) on new "composite-structure" electrode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Electrode compositions of this type are receiving worldwide attention. Such electrodes offer superior cost and safety features over state-of-the-art LiCoO2 electrodes that power conventional lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, they demonstrate outstanding cycling stability and can be charged and discharged at high rates, making them excellent candidates to replace LiCoO2 for consumer electronic applications and hybrid electric vehicles.
Compilation of COG Packing Reports 2002-2003
Under a technical exchange agreement, EPRI has obtained several reports documenting research conducted by the Candu Owners Group (COG). This report presents a compilation of COG reports documenting research conducted in 20022003 to investigate the frictional performance characteristics of several valve packing materials that contain Teflon (PTFE). The testing conducted by the COG includes the effects of previous ionizing radiation exposure on the frictional performance of these packing materials
Shock-Induced Flows through Packed Beds: Transient Regimes
The early stage of the transient regimes in the shock-induced flows within solid-packed beds are investigated in the linear longwave and high-frequency approximation. The transient resistance law is refined as the Duhameltime integral that follows from the general concept of dynamic tortuosity and compressibility of the packed beds. A closed-form solution is expected to describe accurately the early stage of the transient regime flow and is in qualitative agreement with available experimental data.
Yuri M. Shtemler; Isaac R. Shreiber; Alex Britan
Pseudo 3-D simulator optimizes gravel-packed completions
This paper discusses a three-dimensional computer simulation which allows the consistent use of a gravel pack in oil and gas well completions. The primary thrust of the paper is dealing with horizontal oil and gas wells in unconsolidated reservoir rock. The model's objective is to provide an overall computer-aided design and evaluation tool for circulation and squeeze gravel packing. It is based on equations representing conservation of mass, momentum, and energy.
Ali, S.A.; Sanclemente, L.W. (Chevron USA Production Co., New Orleans, LA (United States)); Tupper, M.A. (Dowell, New Orleans, LA (United States))
Instruction Packing for a 32-bit Stack-Based Processor
Abstract- This work proposed a design and development of a 32-bit stack-based processor for embedded systems. A reference processor has a 32-bit stack-based instruction set. This work proposed a technique of instruction packing which packs several instructions into one 32-bit instruction unit. Therefore, the instruction size is reduced. The result of the experiment shows that the proposed technique achieves around 30 % reduction in code size.
Witcharat Lertteerawattana; Tanes Jedsadawaranon; Prabhas Chongstitvatana
Design and simulation of lithium rechargeable batteries
Lithium -based rechargeable batteries that utilize insertion electrodes are being considered for electric-vehicle applications because of their high energy density and inherent reversibility. General mathematical models are developed that apply to a wide range of lithium-based systems, including the recently commercialized lithium-ion cell. The modeling approach is macroscopic, using porous electrode theory to treat the composite insertion electrodes and concentrated solution theory to describe the transport processes in the solution phase. The insertion process itself is treated with a charge-transfer process at the surface obeying Butler-Volmer kinetics, followed by diffusion of the lithium ion into the host structure. These models are used to explore the phenomena that occur inside of lithium cells under conditions of discharge, charge, and during periods of relaxation. Also, in order to understand the phenomena that limit the high-rate discharge of these systems, we focus on the modeling of a particular system with well-characterized material properties and system parameters. The system chosen is a lithium-ion cell produced by Bellcore in Red Bank, NJ, consisting of a lithium-carbon negative electrode, a plasticized polymer electrolyte, and a lithium-manganese-oxide spinel positive electrode. This battery is being marketed for consumer electronic applications. The system is characterized experimentally in terms of its transport and thermodynamic properties, followed by detailed comparisons of simulation results with experimental discharge curves. Next, the optimization of this system for particular applications is explored based on Ragone plots of the specific energy versus average specific power provided by various designs.
Electrochemical modeling of lithium polymer batteries.
An electrochemical model for lithium polymer cells was developed and a parameter set for the model was measured using a series of laboratory experiments. Examples are supplied to demonstrate the capabilities of the electrochemical model to obtain the concentration, current, and potential distributions in lithium polymer cells under complex cycling protocols. The modeling results are used to identify processes that limit cell performance and for optimizing cell design. Extension of the electrochemical model to examine two-dimensional studies is also described.
Dees, D. W.; Battaglia, V. S.; Belanger, A.; Chemical Engineering; Inst. de recherche d' Hydro-Quebec
Electrode for a lithium cell
This invention relates to a positive electrode for an electrochemical cell or battery, and to an electrochemical cell or battery; the invention relates more specifically to a positive electrode for a non-aqueous lithium cell or battery when the electrode is used therein. The positive electrode includes a composite metal oxide containing AgV.sub.3O.sub.8 as one component and one or more other components consisting of LiV.sub.3O.sub.8, Ag.sub.2V.sub.4O.sub.11, MnO.sub.2, CF.sub.x, AgF or Ag.sub.2O to increase the energy density of the cell, optionally in the presence of silver powder and/or silver foil to assist in current collection at the electrode and to improve the power capability of the cell or battery.
Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Vaughey, John T. (Elmhurst, IL); Dees, Dennis W. (Downers Grove, IL)
Rechargeable lithium-ion cell
The invention relates to a rechargeable lithium-ion cell, a method for its manufacture, and its application. The cell is distinguished by the fact that it has a metallic housing (21) which is electrically insulated internally by two half shells (15), which cover electrode plates (8) and main output tabs (7) and are composed of a non-conductive material, where the metallic housing is electrically insulated externally by means of an insulation coating. The cell also has a bursting membrane (4) which, in its normal position, is located above the electrolyte level of the cell (1). In addition, the cell has a twisting protection (6) which extends over the entire surface of the cover (2) and provides centering and assembly functions for the electrode package, which comprises the electrode plates (8).
Bechtold, Dieter (Bad Vilbel, DE); Bartke, Dietrich (Kelkheim, DE); Kramer, Peter (Konigstein, DE); Kretzschmar, Reiner (Kelkheim, DE); Vollbert, Jurgen (Hattersheim, DE)
Lithium Hectorite Clay as the Ionic Conductor in LiCoO2 Cathodes
Lithium Hectorite Clay as the Ionic Conductor in LiCoO2 Cathodes Michael W. Riley,* Peter S. Fedkiw Carolina 27695-7905, USA Cathodes based on LiCoO2 that contain various lithium-conducting species lithium hectorite, lithium Laponite, and lithium- exchanged Nafion are studied in conjunction with lithium metal
Khan, Saad A.
DOI: 10.1002/chem.200((......)) Deprotonative Metalation of Functionalized Aromatics using Mixed Lithium-
using Mixed Lithium- Cadmium, Lithium-Indium, and Lithium-Zinc Species Katia Snégaroff,[a] Jean similarly dideprotonated at room temperature. The aromatic lithium cadmates thus obtained were involved · cadmium · lithium · cross-coupling · ab initio calculations Introduction Lithium bases
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
@ Pergamon SOLID STATE NMR STUDY SUPPORTING THE LITHIUM VACANCY DEFECT MODEL IN CONGRUENT LITHIUM Nouember 1993; accepted I March 1994) Abstract-e3Nb and 7Li wideline- as well as MAS-NMR measurements were could be reduced to 0.6kHz by using MAS-NMR with a rotational lrequency of 4000Hz, thsre was no second 7
Bluemel, Janet
Reducing Foreign Lithium Dependence through Co-Production of Lithium from Geothermal Brine
Foreign Lithium Dependence through Co-Production of Lithium from Foreign Lithium Dependence through Co-Production of Lithium from Geothermal Brine Kerry Klein 1 , Linda Gaines 2 1 New West Technologies LLC, Washington, DC, USA 2 Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA KEYWORDS Mineral extraction, zinc, silica, strategic metals, Imperial Valley, lithium ion batteries, electric- drive vehicles, battery recycling ABSTRACT Following a 2009 investment of $32.9 billion in renewable energy and energy efficiency research through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, President Obama in his January 2011 State of the Union address promised deployment of one million electric vehicles by 2015 and 80% clean energy by 2035. The United States seems poised to usher in its bright energy future,
Low hole polaron migration barrier in lithium peroxide
We present computational evidence of polaronic hole trapping and migration in lithium peroxide (Li[subscript 2]O[subscript 2]), a material of interest in lithium-air batteries. We find that the hole forms in the ?* antibonding ...
Ong, Shyue Ping
Chemical Lithium Intercalation into Nano-Structured Anatase and
The evolution of lithium intercalation into nano-structured TiO2 is studied by 6Li NMR, XRD and TEM studies. The intercalation of lithium into rutile �...
Materials Challenges and Opportunities of Lithium Ion Battery ...
... Lithium ion batteries have revolutionized the portable electronics market, ... Cost, safety, and energy and power densities are some of the major issues in ... Analysis of Cycling Induced Fatigue in Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries.
A Lithium Getter Pump System ---- nventors Richard Majeski, Eugene...
A Lithium Getter Pump System ---- nventors Richard Majeski, Eugene Kearns, and John Schmitt This invention is a device to pump volatile gases that bond to lithium in a high vacuum...
High Rate Performing lithium-ion Batteries - Programmaster.org
Symposium, Nanostructured Materials for Rechargeable Batteries and for Supercapacitors, II. Presentation Title, High Rate Performing lithium-ion Batteries.
Lithium based electrochemical cell systems having a degassing agent
A lithium based electrochemical cell system includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode; an electrolyte; and a degassing agent.
Hyung, Yoo-Eup (Naperville, IL); Vissers, Donald R. (Naperville, IL); Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL)
Methods for making lithium vanadium oxide electrode materials
A method of making vanadium oxide formulations is presented. In one method of preparing lithium vanadium oxide for use as an electrode material, the method involves: admixing a particulate form of a lithium compound and a particulate form of a vanadium compound; jet milling the particulate admixture of the lithium and vanadium compounds; and heating the jet milled particulate admixture at a temperature below the melting temperature of the admixture to form lithium vanadium oxide.
Schutts, Scott M. (Menomonie, WI); Kinney, Robert J. (Woodbury, MN)
Conductive Binder for Lithium Ion Battery Electrode - IB-2643 ...
The Berkeley Lab electrode technology contributes to improved battery safety by circumventing lithium metal dendrite ... Scalable manufacturing using ...
Lower Cost Lithium Ion Batteries From Aluminum Substituted ...
Lower Cost Lithium Ion Batteries From Aluminum Substituted Cathode Materials Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Contact LBL About This Technology
Multilayer Graphene-Silicon Structures for Lithium Ion Battery ...
Automotive industry: electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles; High performance lithium ion battery manufacturers; Aerospace industry, for lightweight power storage;
Ceramic-Metal Composites for Electrodes of Lithium Ion ...
Ceramic-Metal Composites for Electrodes of Lithium Ion Batteries ... Applications and Industries. Anodes for primary and secondary (rechargeable) ...
Negative Electrodes Improve Safety in Lithium Cells and Batteries...
Negative Electrodes Improve Safety in Lithium Cells and Batteries Technology available for licensing: Enhanced stability at a lower cost negativeelectrodes...
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Technologies - Energy Innovation Portal
The Berkeley Lab technology contributes to improved battery safety by circumventing lithium metal dendrite formation. Benefits. ... hybrid electric vehicles;
Non-Cross-Linked Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Ion ...
Rechargeable lithium ion batteries for cellular phones, laptop computers and other consumer electronics; Batteries for electrically-powered vehicles;
Down hole packing gland and method for long stroke pumper
A packing gland is positioned down within an oil well hole and is held in place by elastomeric sealing and locking devices which are actuated from above the hole through a torque tube. Rotation of the torque tube in one direction lowers the tube axially relative to the elastomers and causes them to expand radially thus locking and sealing the stuffing gland assembly in the well head equipment at a depth of about 100 feet below the ground surface. Counter rotation of the torque tube allows the elastomers to retract radially thus releasing the stuffing gland assembly. Once the stuffing gland assembly is released, a union joint assembly is moved downward relative to the stuffing gland assembly and a unique spring ring slides over a cylindrical boss on the packing gland assembly to couple the union joint assembly with the packing gland assembly. The packing gland assembly then is raised above the ground surface simultaneously with lifting the polish rod from the hole. A drain port is provided between the elastomer locking and sealing devices to provide a flow passage back into the well when the packing gland is removed allowing the portion of the casing housing the wire rope to drain dry.
Hollenbeck, A.L.; De Tuerk, A.V.; Cooper, J.T.
The Inside Story of the Lithium Ion Battery
The Inside Story of the Lithium Ion Battery John Dunning, Research Scholar in Residence Daniel. #12;Separator Cathode:Anode: e-e- Li++e-+C6LiC6 Li+ Lithium-ion battery e- Binder Conductive additives with charging and discharging a lithium ion battery · Research available devices · Test device to verify
Sze, Lawrence
Accelerated Degradation Assessment of 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries
Power fade of lithium cells due to accelerated factors of temperature and charging-discharging rate was assessed. A lithium-ion battery aging model for predicting the power fade of 18650-size cells was applied, and then statistically accelerated degradation ... Keywords: accelerated degradation test, lithium-ion battery aging, power fade, state of charge (SOC)
Kuan-Jung Chung; Chueh-Chien Hsiao
Virus-Enabled Silicon Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Virus-Enabled Silicon Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries Xilin Chen, Konstantinos Gerasopoulos emerged as one of the most promising next-generation anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its with remarkable cycling stability. KEYWORDS: silicon anode · lithium-ion battery · Tobacco mosaic virus · physical
Ghodssi, Reza
Microstructural Modeling and Design of Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries
. The cathode architectures and materials have a large influence on the performance of lithium-ion batteries battery design. The cathode of a lithium-ion battery is a large contributor to its overall performance power density and energy density of lithium-ion batteries. 1.3 Basic Ideal Cathode Structure
García, R. Edwin
Mechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Separator Materials
facing Li-ion batteries · Increase energy & power density · Decrease cost · Increase operating lifeMechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Separator Materials Patrick Sinko B.S. Materials and motivation Why study lithium-ion batteries? Lithium-ion battery fundamentals Why study the mechanical
Thin liquid lithium targets for high power density
Thin liquid lithium targets for high power density applications: heavy ion beam strippers and beta Hilton Malmö City #12;Outline Liquid Lithium Stripper idea for FRIB Brief theory of film stability Thickness measurement results Next Steps Beta-beams 2 #12;Liquid Lithium Stripper for FRIB: Advantages
Lithium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Enolization: Catalysis by Hemilabile Ligands
Lithium Diisopropylamide-Mediated Enolization: Catalysis by Hemilabile Ligands Antonio Ramirez of a lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)-mediated ester enolization. Hemilabile amino ether MeOCH2CH2NMe2, binding-based catalysis are thwarted by the occlusion of the catalyst on the lithium salt products and byproducts (eq 1
Proposal on Lithium Wall Experiment (LWX) on PBXM 1
Proposal on Lithium Wall Experiment (LWX) on PBXM 1 Leonid E. Zakharov, Princeton University; OUTLINE 1. Miniconference on Lithium walls and low recycling regime. 2. PBXM Capabilities. 3. Motivation "Lithium covered walls and low recycling regimes in toka maks". APS meeting, October 2327, 2000, Quebec
Lithium intercalated graphite : experimental Compton profile for stage one
L-301 Lithium intercalated graphite : experimental Compton profile for stage one G. Loupias, J différence des profils Compton est compatible avec un transfert total de l'électron de conduction du lithium électronique due à l'insertion. Abstract. 2014 Electron momentum distribution of the first stage lithium
Temperature dependence of the dielectric response of lithium niobate
Temperature dependence of the dielectric response of lithium niobate D. Xue, K. Betzler*, H. Hesse The dielectric response of lithium niobate is quantitatively calculated for different temperatures. Using of lithium niobate at 1.064 mm increases remarkably with increasing temperature. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd
Osnabrück, Universität
Lithium acetate transformation of yeast Maitreya Dunham August 2004
Lithium acetate transformation of yeast Maitreya Dunham August 2004 Original protocol from Katja until the OD600 is around 0.7-0.8 (~7 hours). Spin down the cells. Resuspend in 5 ml lithium acetate mix. Spin. Resuspend in 0.5 ml lithium acetate mix. Transfer to an eppendorf tube. Incubate 60 minutes
Dunham, Maitreya
The Lithium-Ion Cell: Model, State Of Charge Estimation
The Lithium-Ion Cell: Model, State Of Charge Estimation and Battery Management System Tutor degradation mechanisms of a Li-ion cell based on LiCoO2", Journal of Power Sources #12;Lithium ions and e and Y. Fuentes. Computer simulations of a lithium-ion polymer battery and implications for higher
Schenato, Luca
Lithium Diisopropylamide Solvated by Hexamethylphosphoramide: Substrate-Dependent
Lithium Diisopropylamide Solvated by Hexamethylphosphoramide: Substrate-Dependent Mechanisms-1301 Received February 9, 2006; E-mail: email@example.com Abstract: Lithium diisopropylamide of lithium-ion solvation at a molecular level of resolution.5 Our interest in HMPA stems from studies
Lithium Insertion In Silicon Nanowires: An ab Initio Study
Lithium Insertion In Silicon Nanowires: An ab Initio Study Qianfan Zhang, Wenxing Zhang, Wenhui Wan, and § School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China ABSTRACT The ultrahigh specific lithium ion opportunities for energy storage. However, a systematic theoretical study on lithium insertion in SiNWs remains
Lithium values can be recovered from an aqueous basic solution by reacting the values with a phosphate salt soluble in the solution, forming an aqueous slurry of the resultant aqueous insoluble lithium phosphate, contacting the slurry with an organic cation exchange resin in the acid form until the slurry has been clarified, and thereafter recovering lithium values from the resin. (AEC)
Hansford, D.L.; Raabe, E.W.
RESONANT FARADAY ROTATION IN A HOT LITHIUM VAPOR By SCOTT RUSSELL WAITUKAITIS A Thesis Submitted: #12;Abstract I describe a study of Faraday rotation in a hot lithium vapor. I begin by dis- cussing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3 The Lithium Oven and Solenoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 Theoretical Framework
Cronin, Alex D.
Use of Lithium Hexafluoroisopropoxide as a Mild Base for
Use of Lithium Hexafluoroisopropoxide as a Mild Base for Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Olefination The weak base lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropoxide (LiHFI) is shown to be highly effective of base-sensitive substrates, leading to the discovery that lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropoxide (Li
Liquid Lithium Wall Experiments in CDX-U R. Majeski,
Liquid Lithium Wall Experiments in CDX-U R. Kaita, a R. Majeski, a S. Luckhardt, b R. Doerner, b M ABSTRACT The concept of a flowing lithium first wall for a fusion reactor may lead to a significant advance is intensely heated and well diagnosed, and an extensive liquid lithium plasma-facing surface will be used
Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators in Lithium Niobate
Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators in Lithium Niobate A thesis submitted in partial for the production of lithium niobate Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators (WGMRs) to be used in the generation in the form of a disk with a rounded edge. I have fabricated a lithium niobate WGMR with surface imperfections
Novikova, Irina
Version 1.0 Lithium hyper ne splitting
Version 1.0 Lithium hyper#12;ne splitting Krzysztof Pachucki #3; Institute of Theoretical Physics approach for the calculation of relativistic m#11; 6 corrections to the lithium ground state hyper#12;ne problem. We will concentrate on lithium as the simplest alkali-metal atom, for which several precise
Pachucki, Krzysztof
Tracking the lithium isotopic evolution of the mantle using carbonatites
Tracking the lithium isotopic evolution of the mantle using carbonatites Ralf Halama a,, William F. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: lithium isotopes; carbonatites; mantle geochemistry 1. Introduction Lithium (Li) is an incompatible element that is typi- cally enriched 10 to 50-fold in crustal
Mcdonough, William F.
Evaporated lithium surface coatings in NSTX.
Two lithium evaporators were used to evaporate more than 100 g of lithium on to the NSTX lower divertor region. Prior to each discharge, the evaporators were withdrawn behind shutters, where they also remained during the subsequent HeGDC applied for periods up to 9.5 min. After the HeGDC, the shutters were opened and the LITERs were reinserted to deposit lithium on the lower divertor target for 10 min, at rates of 10-70 mg/min, prior to the next discharge. The major improvements in plasma performance from these lithium depositions include: (1) plasma density reduction as a result of lithium deposition; (2) suppression of ELMs; (3) improvement of energy confinement in a low-triangularity shape; (4) improvement in plasma performance for standard, high-triangularity discharges; (5) reduction of the required HeGDC time between discharges; (6) increased pedestal electron and ion temperature; (7) reduced SOL plasma density; and (8) reduced edge neutral density.
Zakharov, L. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Gates, D. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Menard, J. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Maingi, R. (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN); Schneider, H. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Mueller, D. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Wampler, William R.; Roquemore, A. L. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Kallman, Jeffrey K. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Sabbagh, S. (Columbia University, New York, NY); LeBlanc, B. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Raman, R. (University of Washington, Seattle, WA); Ono, M. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Wilgren, J. (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN); Allain, J.P. (Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN); Timberlake, J. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Stevenson, T. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Ross, P. W. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Majeski, R. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Kugel, Henry W. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Skinner, C. H. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Gerhardt, S. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Paul, S. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Bell, R. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Kaye, S. M. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Kaita, R. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Soukhanovskii, V. (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA); Bell, Michael G. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ); Mansfield, D. (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ)
Internal Rotation, Mixing and Lithium Abundances
Lithium is an excellent tracer of mixing in stars as it is destroyed (by nuclear reactions) at a temperature around $\\sim 2.5\\times 10^6$ K. The lithium destruction zone is typically located in the radiative region of a star. If the radiative regions are stable, the observed surface value of lithium should remain constant with time. However, comparison of the meteoritic and photospheric Li abundances in the Sun indicate that the surface abundance of Li in the Sun has been depleted by more than two orders of magnitude. This is not predicted by solar models and is a long standing problem. Observations of Li in open clusters indicate that Li depletion is occurring on the main sequence. Furthermore, there is now compelling observational evidence that a spread of lithium abundances is present in nearly identical stars. This suggests that some transport process is occurring in stellar radiative regions. Helioseismic inversions support this conclusion, for they suggest that standard solar models need to be modified below the base of the convection zone. There are a number of possible theoretical explanations for this transport process. The relation between Li abundances, rotation rates and the presence of a tidally locked companion along with the observed internal rotation in the Sun indicate that the mixing is most likely induced by rotation. The current status of non-standard (particularly rotational) stellar models which attempt to account for the lithium observations are reviewed.
Brian Chaboyer
Experimental studies of processing conditions for liquid lithium and solid lithium alloy fusion blankets
A 50-gallon-capacity liquid lithium loop (Lithium Processing Test Loop, LPTL) has been constructed and brought into operation at the Argonne National Laboratory. This system contains experimental assemblies to study (a) lithium processing technology based on molten salt extraction, cold trapping, and getting trapping and (b) on-line hydrogen monitoring. An efficient electrolytic method, employing a porous sparged electrode, has been developed to recover hydrogen isotopes from the types of molten salts (e.g., LiF-LiCl-LiBr) selected for use in the salt-processing system on the LPTL. This method, when tested under realistic conditions, has demonstrated the potential for recovering tritium (from lithium) at the sub-wppm level. Results of cold-trap tests on the LPTL and of getter-trap tests on both the LPTL and a much smaller lithium loop have provided some evidence that these types of processing methods can be used to control oxygen and nitrogen levels in lithium. Studies of the hydridation of solid Li-Al and Li-Pb alloys have provided data on activity coefficients and phase boundary locations for these binary systems as functions of temperature and composition. The Sieverts' constants for dilute hydrogen solutions in LiAl (in wppm/Torr/sup 1/2/) were found to be 10/sup 3/ to 10/sup 4/ times smaller than those for hydrogen in pure lithium at the same temperature.
Weston, J. R.; Calaway, W. F.; Yonco, R. M.; Veleckis, E.; Maroni, V. A.
Design and Study on the State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-ion Battery Pack in Electric Vehicle
State of charge (SOC) estimation is an increasingly important issue in battery management system (BMS) and has become a core factor to promote the development of electric vehicle (EV). In addition to offering the real time display of battery parameters ... Keywords: combination algorithm, state of charge (SOC), open circuit voltage (OCV), extended Kalman filtering (EKF), ampere hour (Ah), battery management system (BMS), electric vehicle (EV)
Jie Xu; Mingyu Gao; Zhiwei He; Jianbin Yao; Hongfeng Xu
Fluid loss to formation stopped prior to gravel packing
Union Texas Petroleum has combined special techniques in offshore Louisiana gravel-packing operations to combat severe fluid loss that had jeopardized previous gravel-packed completions. By using an annulus pressure-controlled circulation valve and a crosslinked polymer gelled block, Union Texas was able to totally halt loss of fluid to a formation that had an 1,835-psi overbalanced (the hydrostatic pressure of well fluid in the treating string-to-casing annulus exceeded formation pressure by 1,835 psi). The pressure-controlled valve permitted process control without pipe movement, and the gelled block prevented fluid loss to the formation while the gravel pack was being installed. The well was perforated underbalanced, using tubing-conveyed guns, for perforation cleanup.
Quarnstrom, T.F. (Union Texas Petroleum, Houston, TX (US)); Cavender, T.W.; Shelton, G. (Vann Systems Houston, TX (US))
Hydrogen gettering packing material, and process for making same
A hydrogen gettering system for a sealed container is disclosed comprising packing material for use within the sealed container, and a coating film containing hydrogen gettering material on at least a portion of the surface of such packing material. The coating film containing the hydrogen gettering material comprises a mixture of one or more organic materials capable of reacting with hydrogen and one or more catalysts capable of catalyzing the reaction of hydrogen with such one or more organic materials. The mixture of one or more organic materials capable of reacting with hydrogen and the one or more catalysts is dispersed in a suitable carrier which preferably is a curable film-forming material. In a preferred embodiment, the packing material comprises a foam material which is compatible with the coating film containing hydrogen gettering material thereon.
LeMay, James D. (Castro Valley, CA); Thompson, Lisa M. (Knoxville, TN); Smith, Henry Michael (Overland Park, KS); Schicker, James R. (Lee' s Summit, MO)
Hydrogen gettering packing material and process for making same
LeMay, James D.; Thompson, Lisa M.; Smith, Henry Michael; Schicker, James R.
Models for Metal Hydride Particle Shape, Packing, and Heat Transfer
A multiphysics modeling approach for heat conduction in metal hydride powders is presented, including particle shape distribution, size distribution, granular packing structure, and effective thermal conductivity. A statistical geometric model is presented that replicates features of particle size and shape distributions observed experimentally that result from cyclic hydride decreptitation. The quasi-static dense packing of a sample set of these particles is simulated via energy-based structural optimization methods. These particles jam (i.e., solidify) at a density (solid volume fraction) of 0.665+/-0.015 - higher than prior experimental estimates. Effective thermal conductivity of the jammed system is simulated and found to follow the behavior predicted by granular effective medium theory. Finally, a theory is presented that links the properties of bi-porous cohesive powders to the present systems based on recent experimental observations of jammed packings of fine powder. This theory produces quantitative experimental agreement with metal hydride powders of various compositions.
Kyle C. Smith; Timothy S. Fisher
Packing hyperspheres in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces
We present a study of disordered jammed hard-sphere packings in four-, five-, and six-dimensional Euclidean spaces. Using a collision-driven packing generation algorithm, we obtain the first estimates for the packing fractions of the maximally random jammed ?MRJ ? states for space dimensions d=4, 5, and 6 to be ? MRJ?0.46, 0.31, and 0.20, respectively. To a good approximation, the MRJ density obeys the scaling form ? MRJ=c 1/2 d +?c 2d?/2 d, where c 1=?2.72 and c 2=2.56, which appears to be consistent with the highdimensional asymptotic limit, albeit with different coefficients. Calculations of the pair correlation function g 2?r ? and structure factor S?k ? for these states show that short-range ordering appreciably decreases with increasing dimension, consistent with a recently proposed �decorrelation principle, � which, among other things, states that unconstrained correlations diminish as the dimension increases and vanish entirely in the limit d??. As in three dimensions ?where ? MRJ?0.64?, the packings show no signs of crystallization, are isostatic, and have a power-law divergence in g 2?r ? at contact with power-law exponent ?0.4. Across dimensions, the cumulative number of neighbors equals the kissing number of the conjectured densest packing close to where g 2?r ? has its first minimum. Additionally, we obtain estimates for the freezing and melting packing fractions for the equilibrium hard-sphere fluid-solid transition, ? F?0.32 and ? M ?0.39, respectively, for d=4, and ? F?0.20 and ? M ?0.25, respectively, for d=5. Although our results indicate the stable phase at high
Monica Skoge; Ar Donev; Frank H. Stillinger; Salvatore Torquato
Spinel electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries.
This paper gives a historical account of the development of spinel electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. Research in the late 1970's and early 1980's on high-temperature . Li/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} cells led to the evaluation of lithium spinels Li[B{sub 2}]X{sub 4} at room temperature (B = metal cation). This work highlighted the importance of the [B{sub 2}]X{sub 4}spinel framework as a host electrode structure and the ability to tailor the cell voltage by selection of different B cations. Examples of lithium-ion cells that operate with spinel anode/spinel cathode couples are provided. Particular attention is paid to spinels within the solid solution system Li{sub 1+x}Mn{sub 2-x}O{sub 4} (0 {le} x {le} 0.33).
Thackeray, M. M.
Characterization of lithium phosphorous oxynitride thin films
Electrical and electrochemical properties of an amorphous thin-film lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorous oxynitride (Lipon), have been studied with emphasis on the stability window vs Li metal and the behavior of the Li/Lipon interface. Ion conductivity of Lipon exhibits Arrhenius behavior at {minus}26 to +140 C, with a conductivity of 1.7 {times} 10{sup {minus}6}S/cm at 25 C and an activity energy of 0.50 {plus_minus} 0.01 eV. A stability window of 5.5 V was observed with respect to a Li{sup +}/Li reference, and no detectable reaction or degradation was evident at the Li/Lipon interface upon lithium cycling.
Yu, Xiaohua; Bates, J.B.; Jellison, G.E. Jr.
Rechargeable thin-film lithium batteries
Rechargeable thin-film batteries consisting of lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have recently been developed. The batteries, which are typically less than 6-{mu}m thick, can be fabricated to any specified size, large or small, onto a variety of substrates including ceramics, semiconductors, and plastics. The cells that have been investigated include Li-TiS{sub 2}, Li-V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and Li-Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4}, with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5, 3.6, and 4.2, respectively. The development of these batteries would not have been possible without the discovery of a new thin-film lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride, that is stable in contact with metallic lithium at these potentials. Deposited by rf magnetron sputtering of Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4} in N{sub 2}, this material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46} and a conductivity at 25{degrees}C of 2 {mu}S/cm. The maximum practical current density obtained from the thin-film cells is limited to about 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2} due to a low diffusivity of Li{sup +} ions in the cathodes. In this work, the authors present a short review of their work on rechargeable thin-film lithium batteries.
Bates, J.B.; Gruzalski, G.R.; Dudney, N.J.; Luck, C.F.; Yu, Xiaohua
Lithium metal reduction of plutonium oxide to produce plutonium metal
A method is described for the chemical reduction of plutonium oxides to plutonium metal by the use of pure lithium metal. Lithium metal is used to reduce plutonium oxide to alpha plutonium metal (alpha-Pu). The lithium oxide by-product is reclaimed by sublimation and converted to the chloride salt, and after electrolysis, is removed as lithium metal. Zinc may be used as a solvent metal to improve thermodynamics of the reduction reaction at lower temperatures. Lithium metal reduction enables plutonium oxide reduction without the production of huge quantities of CaO--CaCl.sub.2 residues normally produced in conventional direct oxide reduction processes.
Coops, Melvin S. (Livermore, CA)
Polymeric electrolytes for ambient temperature lithium batteries
A new type of highly conductive Li{sup +} polymer electrolyte, referred to as the Innovision polymer electrolyte, is completely amorphous at room temperature and has an ionic conductivity in the range of 10{sup {minus}3} S/cm. This report discusses the electrochemical characteristics (lithium oxidation and reduction), conductivity, and physical properties of Innovision electrolytes containing various dissolved salts. These electrolytes are particularly interesting since they appear to have some of the highest room-temperature lithium ion conductivities yet observed among polymer electrolytes. 13 refs. 11 figs., 2 tabs.
Farrington, G.C. (Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering)
Solid composite electrolytes are provided for use in lithium batteries which exhibit moderate to high ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures and low activation energies. In one embodiment, a polymer-ceramic composite electrolyte containing poly(ethylene oxide), lithium tetrafluoroborate and titanium dioxide is provided in the form of an annealed film having a room temperature conductivity of from 10.sup.-5 S cm.sup.-1 to 10.sup.-3 S cm.sup.-1 and an activation energy of about 0.5 eV.
Lithium intercalation in porous carbon anodes
Carbon foams derived from the phase separation of polyacrylonitrile/solvent mixtures were investigated as lithium intercalation anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The carbon foams have a bulk density of 0.35--0.5 g/cm{sup 3}, low surface area (< 50 m{sup 2}/g), and an average cell size of 5--10 {mu}m. Polyacrylonitrile-based carbon foams doped with phosphoric acid had capacity as high as 450 mAh/g. Carbon capacity increased with increasing phosphoric acid concentration in the doping solution. The doped porous carbon anodes exhibited good cyclability and excellent coulombic efficiency.
Tran, T.D.; Pekala, R.W. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States). Chemistry and Materials Science Dept.; Mayer, S.T. [Polystor Corp., Livermore, CA (United States)
Electrolytic orthoborate salts for lithium batteries
Orthoborate salts suitable for use as electrolytes in lithium batteries and methods for making the electrolyte salts are provided. The electrolytic salts have one of the formulae (I). In this formula anionic orthoborate groups are capped with two bidentate chelating groups, Y1 and Y2. Certain preferred chelating groups are dibasic acid residues, most preferably oxalyl, malonyl and succinyl, disulfonic acid residues, sulfoacetic acid residues and halo-substituted alkylenes. The salts are soluble in non-aqueous solvents and polymeric gels and are useful components of lithium batteries in electrochemical devices.
Angell, Charles Austen (Mesa, AZ); Xu, Wu (Tempe, AZ)
Lithium-based Technologies | Y-12 National Security Complex
Lithium-based Technologies Lithium-based Technologies Lithium-based Technologies Y-12's 60 years of rich lithium operational history and expertise make it the clear choice for deployment of new lithium-based technologies and capabilities. There is no other U.S. site, government or commercial, that comes close to the breadth of Y-12's lithium expertise and capabilities. The Y-12 National Security Complex supplies lithium, in unclassified forms, to customers worldwide through the DOE Office of Science, Isotope Business Office. Historically, the typical order of 6Li was only gram quantities used in research and development. However, over the past three years demand has increased steadily with typical orders of around 10-20 kg each. Such increase in demand is a direct result of the use of
Lithium pellet production (LiPP): A device for the production of small spheres of lithium
With lithium as a fusion material gaining popularity, a method for producing lithium pellets relatively quickly has been developed for NSTX. The Lithium Pellet Production device is based on an injector with a sub-millimeter diameter orifice and relies on a jet of liquid lithium breaking apart into small spheres via the Plateau-Rayleigh instability. A prototype device is presented in this paper and for a pressure difference of {Delta}P= 5 Torr, spheres with diameters between 0.91 < D < 1.37 mm have been produced with an average diameter of D= 1.14 mm, which agrees with the developed theory. Successive tests performed at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory with Wood's metal have confirmed the dependence of sphere diameter on pressure difference as predicted.
Fiflis, P.; Andrucyzk, D.; McGuire, M.; Curreli, D.; Ruzic, D. N. [Center for Plasma Material Interactions, Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 (United States); Roquemore, A. L. [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (United States)
Nanostructured lithium-aluminum alloy electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.
Electrodeposited aluminum films and template-synthesized aluminum nanorods are examined as negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. The lithium-aluminum alloying reaction is observed electrochemically with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling in lithium half-cells. The electrodeposition reaction is shown to have high faradaic efficiency, and electrodeposited aluminum films reach theoretical capacity for the formation of LiAl (1 Ah/g). The performance of electrodeposited aluminum films is dependent on film thickness, with thicker films exhibiting better cycling behavior. The same trend is shown for electron-beam deposited aluminum films, suggesting that aluminum film thickness is the major determinant in electrochemical performance regardless of deposition technique. Synthesis of aluminum nanorod arrays on stainless steel substrates is demonstrated using electrodeposition into anodic aluminum oxide templates followed by template dissolution. Unlike nanostructures of other lithium-alloying materials, the electrochemical performance of these aluminum nanorod arrays is worse than that of bulk aluminum.
Hudak, Nicholas S.; Huber, Dale L.
Lithium Polysulfidophosphates: A Family of Lithium-Conducting Sulfur-Rich Compounds for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Given the great potential for improving the energy density of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries by a factor of 5, a breakthrough in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries will have a dramatic impact in a broad scope of energy related fields. Conventional Li-S batteries that use liquid electrolytes are intrinsically short-lived with low energy efficiency. The challenges stem from the poor electronic and ionic conductivities of elemental sulfur and its discharge products. We report herein lithium polysulfidophosphates (LPSP), a family of sulfur-rich compounds, as the enabler of long-lasting and energy-efficient Li-S batteries. LPSP have ionic conductivities of 3.0 10-5 S cm-1 at 25 oC, which is 8 orders of magnitude higher than that of Li2S (~10-13 S cm-1). The high Li-ion conductivity of LPSP is the salient characteristic of these compounds that impart the excellent cycling performance to Li-S batteries. In addition, the batteries are configured in an all-solid state that promises the safe cycling of high-energy batteries with metallic lithium anodes.
Lin, Zhan [ORNL; Liu, Zengcai [ORNL; Fu, Wujun [ORNL; Dudney, Nancy J [ORNL; Liang, Chengdu [ORNL
Packed rod neutron shield for fast nuclear reactors
A fast neutron nuclear reactor including a core and a plurality of vertically oriented neutron shield assemblies surrounding the core. Each assembly includes closely packed cylindrical rods within a polygonal metallic duct. The shield assemblies are less susceptible to thermal stresses and are less massive than solid shield assemblies, and are cooled by liquid coolant flow through interstices among the rods and duct.
Eck, John E. (Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, PA); Kasberg, Alvin H. (Murrysville, PA)
Vibrations of Jammed Disk Packings with Hertzian Interactions
Contact breaking and Hertzian interactions between grains can both give rise to nonlinear vibrational response of static granular packings. We perform molecular dynamics simulations at constant energy in 2D of frictionless bidisperse disks that interact via Hertzian spring potentials as a function of energy and measure directly the vibrational response from the Fourier transform of the velocity autocorrelation function. We compare the measured vibrational response of static packings near jamming onset to that obtained from the eigenvalues of the dynamical matrix to determine the temperature above which the linear response breaks down. We compare packings that interact via single-sided (purely repulsive) and double-sided Hertzian spring interactions to disentangle the effects of the shape of the potential from contact breaking. Our studies show that while Hertzian interactions lead to weak nonlinearities in the vibrational behavior (e.g. the generation of harmonics of the eigenfrequencies of the dynamical matrix), the vibrational response of static packings with Hertzian contact interactions is dominated by contact breaking as found for systems with repulsive linear spring interactions.
Carl F. Schreck; Corey S. O'Hern; Mark D. Shattuck
1 DEFORMATION MODES OF PACKINGS OF FRICTIONLESS POLYDISPERSE SPHERES O. I. IMOLE, N. KUMAR, AND S as a function of volume fraction are reported for both uniaxial and deviatoric deformation modes. Our findings, and pressure (isotropic stress) are reported as function of volume fraction and isotropic strain, while
Luding, Stefan
Energy Saving in Distillation Using Structured Packing and Vapor Recompression
"Distillation is a big consumer of energy in process plant operations. A first step to energy cost savings is the use of high efficiency structured packing in place of trays or dumped packings in conventionally operated distillation columns. Larger savings, as much as 80%, may be obtained by using a direct vapor recompression (VRC) heat pump instead of the conventional column operation with a steam heated reboiler. A main criterion of the suitability of a distillation for VRC is a low temperature difference across the column. VRC uses hot compressed overhead vapors, instead of steam, to heat the reboiler. Cost savings are highest when the pressure ratio for the compressor is low. The pressure ratio depends on the boiling point difference of top and bottom products, the reboiler-condenser driving force temperature and the column pressure drop. Structured packing has a low pressure drop; thus increasing the savings obtained with VRC - for retrofits or new columns - and increasing the range of applications where VRC is suitable for distillations. For low pressure distillation application, a column with a small pressure drop is especially important. An example of a vacuum distillation which is made suitable for VRC with use of structured packing is separation of styrene and ethyl benzene. "
Hill, J.H.
Smart-Grid electricity allocation via strip packing with slicing
One advantage of smart grids is that they can reduce the peak load by distributing electricity-demands over multiple short intervals. Finding a schedule that minimizes the peak load corresponds to a variant of a strip packing problem. Normally, for strip ...
Soroush Alamdari, Therese Biedl, Timothy M. Chan, Elyot Grant, Krishnam Raju Jampani, Srinivasan Keshav, Anna Lubiw, Vinayak Pathak
Application of SVM-RFE on EEG signals for detecting the most relevant scalp regions linked to affective valence processing
In this work, event related potentials (ERPs) induced by visual stimuli categorized with different value of affective valence are studied. EEG signals are recorded during visualization of selected pictures belonging to International Affective Picture ... Keywords: Affective valence, Brain oscillations, EEG, Feature extraction, Morlet wavelet, SVM-RFE
A. R. Hidalgo-Mu�Oz; M. M. L�Pez; I. M. Santos; A. T. Pereira; M. V�Zquez-Marrufo; A. Galvao-Carmona; A. M. Tom�
8/3/2012 1 REACTIVE FLOW IN LARGE-DEFORMATION ELECTRODES OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES LAURENCE BRASSART;8/3/2012 2 1. Introduction In a lithium-ion battery, each electrode is a host of lithium. When the battery to 4.4 lithium atoms. By comparison, in the commonly used anodes in lithium-ion batteries made
Suo, Zhigang
Guidance on the use of Lithium Batteries in NERC Version 1.0 8th
a lithium or lithium ion battery fire. · Use plenty of water as a fine spray to swamp and wash away spiltGuidance on the use of Lithium Batteries in NERC Version 1.0 8th March 2007 1. Introduction Lithium. There are several types of lithium batteries but they are all high energy power sources and all are potentially
Edinburgh, University of
24 JOM May 1998 The lightest of all metals, lithium is used
24 JOM · May 1998 Overview Lithium The lightest of all metals, lithium is used in a variety- nesium, and as the anode in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. All of the world's pri- mary lithium is produced by molten salt electrolysis. This article reviews the current technology for lithium extraction
Sadoway, Donald Robert
NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of Mixed Aggregates Underlying Highly Enantioselective 1,2-Additions of Lithium
,2-Additions of Lithium Cyclopropylacetylide to Quinazolinones Rodney L. Parsons, Jr.,*, Joseph M. Fortunak Abstract: The solution structures of mixed aggregates derived from lithium alkoxides and lithium acetylides that mixtures of lithium cyclopropylacetylide (RCCLi), a (+)-carene-derived amino alkoxide (R*OLi), and lithium
An automatic method of creating valency entries using plain bilingual dictionaries
In this paper we introduce a fully automatic method to extend an existing rich bilingual valency dictionary by using information from multiple plain bilingual dictionaries. We evaluate our method using a translation regression test, and get an improvement of 7%. 1
Sanae Fujita; Francis Bond
Electrothermal Analysis of Lithium Ion Batteries
This report presents the electrothermal analysis and testing of lithium ion battery performance. The objectives of this report are to: (1) develop an electrothermal process/model for predicting thermal performance of real battery cells and modules; and (2) use the electrothermal model to evaluate various designs to improve battery thermal performance.
Pesaran, A.; Vlahinos, A.; Bharathan, D.; Duong, T.
The diffusion of lithium in aluminum was measured at various temperatures with diffusion couples of aluminum-LiAl. The activation energy, E, is 33.3 kcal/mol, and the diffusion factor, Do, is 4.5 cm{sup2}/sec. (auth)
Costas, L. P.
We have investigated possible anticipated advantages of ionic-liquid electrolytes for use in lithium-ion batteries. Thermal stabilities and phase behavior were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The ionic liquids studied include various imidazoliumTFSI systems, pyrrolidiniumTFSI, BMIMPF{sub 6}, BMIMBF{sub 4}, and BMIMTf. Thermal stabilities were measured for neat ionic liquids and for BMIMBF{sub 4}-LiBF{sub 4}, BMIMTf-LiTf, BMIMTFSI-LiTFSI mixtures. Conductivities have been measured for various ionic-liquid lithium-salt systems. We show the development of interfacial impedance in a Li|BMIMBF{sub 4} + LiBF{sub 4}|Li cell and we report results from cycling experiments for a Li|BMIMBF{sub 4} + 1 mol/kg LIBF{sub 4}|C cell. The interfacial resistance increases with time and the ionic liquid reacts with the lithium electrode. As expected, imidazolium-based ionic liquids react with lithium electrodes. We seek new ionic liquids that have better chemical stabilities.
Salminen, Justin; Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Kerr, John; Prausnitz,John; Newman, John
Rechargeable thin films batteries with lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have been fabricated and characterized. The cathodes include TiS{sub 2}, the {omega} phase of V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and the cubic spinel Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5 V, 3.7 V, and 4.2 V, respectively. The development of these robust cells, which can be cycled thousands of times, was possible because of the stability of the amorphous lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride. This material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46} and a conductivity at 25 C of 2 {mu}S/cm. Thin film cells have been cycled at 100% depth of discharge using current densities of 2 to 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. The polarization resistance of the cells is due to the slow insertion rate of Li{sup +} ions into the cathode. Chemical diffusion coefficients for Li{sup +} ions in the three types of cathodes have been estimated from the analysis of ac impedance measurements.
Bates, J. B.; Gruzalski, G. R.; Dudney, N. J.; Luck, C. F.; Yu, X.
Lithium in LP 944-20
We present a new estimate of the lithium abundance in the atmosphere of the brown dwarf LP 944-20. Our analysis is based on a self-consistent analysis of low, intermediate and high resolution optical and near-infrared spectra. We obtain log N(Li) = 3.25 +/-0.25 using fits of our synthetic spectra to the Li I resonance line doublet profiles observed with VLT/UVES and AAT/SPIRAL. This lithium abundance is over two orders of magnitude larger than previous estimates in the literature. In order to obtain good fits of the resonance lines of K I and Rb I and better fits to the TiO molecular absorption around the Li I resonance line, we invoke a semi-empirical model atmosphere with the dusty clouds located above the photosphere. The lithium abundance, however, is not changed by the effects of the dusty clouds. We discuss the implications of our estimate of the lithium abundance in LP 944-20 for the understanding of the properties of this benchmark brown dwarf.
Ya. V. Pavlenko; H. R. A. Jones; E. L. Martin; E. Guenther; M. A. Kenworthy; M. R. Zapatero Osorio
Rechargeable thin-films batteries with lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have been fabricated and characterized. The cathodes include TiS{sub 2}, the {omega} phase of V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and the cubic spinel Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5 V, 3.7 V, and 4.2 V, respectively. The development of these robust cells, which can be cycled thousands of times, was possible because of the stability of the amorphous lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride. This material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46} and a conductivity at 25 C of 2 {mu}S/cm. Thin-film cells have been cycled at 100% depth of discharge using current densities of 2 to 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. The polarization resistance of the cells is due to the slow insertion rate of Li{sup +} ions into the cathode. Chemical diffusion coefficients for Li{sup +} ions in the three types of cathodes have been estimated from the analysis of ac impedance measurements.
Bates, J.B.; Gruzalski, G.R.; Dudney, N.J.; Luck, C.F.; Yu, X.
Rechargeable thin-film batteries consisting of lithium metal anodes, an amorphous inorganic electrolyte, and cathodes of lithium intercalation compounds have been fabricated and characterized. These include Li-TiS{sub 2}, Li-V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, and Li-Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} cells with open circuit voltages at full charge of about 2.5 V, 3.7 V, and 4.2 V, respectively. The realization of these robust cells, which can be cycled thousands of times, was possible because of the stability of the amorphous lithium electrolyte, lithium phosphorus oxynitride. This material has a typical composition of Li{sub 2.9}PO{sub 3.3}N{sub 0.46}and a conductivity at 25 C of 2 {mu}S/cm. The thin-film cells have been cycled at 100% depth of discharge using current densities of 5 to 100 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. Over most of the charge-discharge range, the internal resistance appears to be dominated by the cathode, and the major source of the resistance is the diffusion of Li{sup +} ions from the electrolyte into the cathode. Chemical diffusion coefficients were determined from ac impedance measurements.
Lithium Depletion of Nearby Young Stellar Associations
We estimate cluster ages from lithium depletion in five pre-main-sequence groups found within 100 pc of the Sun: TW Hydrae Association, Eta Chamaeleontis Cluster, Beta Pictoris Moving Group, Tucanae-Horologium Association and AB Doradus Moving Group. We determine surface gravities, effective temperatures and lithium abundances for over 900 spectra through least squares fitting to model-atmosphere spectra. For each group, we compare the dependence of lithium abundance on temperature with isochrones from pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks to obtain model dependent ages. We find that the Eta Chamaelontis Cluster and the TW Hydrae Association are the youngest, with ages of 12+/-6 Myr and 12+/-8 Myr, respectively, followed by the Beta Pictoris Moving Group at 21+/-9 Myr, the Tucanae-Horologium Association at 27+/-11 Myr, and the AB Doradus Moving Group at an age of at least 45 Myr (where we can only set a lower limit since the models -- unlike real stars -- do not show much lithium depletion beyond this age). Here, the ordering is robust, but the precise ages depend on our choice of both atmospheric and evolutionary models. As a result, while our ages are consistent with estimates based on Hertzsprung-Russell isochrone fitting and dynamical expansion, they are not yet more precise. Our observations do show that with improved models, much stronger constraints should be feasible: the intrinsic uncertainties, as measured from the scatter between measurements from different spectra of the same star, are very low: around 10 K in effective temperature, 0.05 dex in surface gravity, and 0.03 dex in lithium abundance.
Erin Mentuch; Alexis Brandeker; Marten H. van Kerkwijk; Ray Jayawardhana; Peter H. Hauschildt
The effect of surface finish on piston ring-pack performance in advanced reciprocating engine systems
Frictional losses in the piston ring-pack of an engine account for approximately 20% of the total frictional losses within an engine. Methods of surface texture optimization were investigated to reduce piston ring-pack ...
Jocsak, Jeffrey (Jeffrey Alan)
Modeling the lubrication of the piston ring pack in internal combustion engines using the deterministic method
Piston ring packs are used in internal combustion engines to seal both the high pressure gas in the combustion chamber and the lubricant oil in the crank case. The interaction between the piston ring pack and the cylinder ...
Chen, Haijie
Effects of lubricant viscosity and surface texturing on ring-pack performance in internal combustion engines
The piston ring-pack contributes approximately 25% of the mechanical losses in an internal combustion engine. Both lubricant viscosity and surface texturing were investigated in an effort to reduce this ring-pack friction ...
Takata, Rosalind (Rosalind Kazuko), 1978-
Piston ring pack design effects on production spark ignition engine oil consumption : a simulation analysis
One of the most significant contributors to an engine's total oil consumption is the piston ring-pack. As a result, optimization of the ring pack is becoming more important for engine manufacturers and lubricant suppliers. ...
Senzer, Eric B
Implications of NSTX Lithium Results for Magnetic Fusion Research
Lithium wall coating techniques have been experimentally explored on NSTX for the last five years. The lithium experimentation on NSTX started with a few milligrams of lithium injected into the plasma as pellets and it has evolved to a lithium evaporation system which can evaporate up to ~ 100 g of lithium onto the lower divertor plates between lithium reloadings. The unique feature of the lithium research program on NSTX is that it can investigate the effects of lithium in H-mode divertor plasmas. This lithium evaporation system thus far has produced many intriguing and potentially important results; the latest of these are summarized in a companion paper by H. Kugel. In this paper, we suggest possible implications and applications of the NSTX lithium results on the magnetic fusion research which include electron and global energy confinement improvements, MHD stability enhancement at high beta, ELM control, H-mode power threshold reduction, improvements in radio frequency heating and non-inductive plasma start-up performance, innovative divertor solutions and improved operational efficiency.
M. Ono, M.G. Bell, R.E. Bell, R. Kaita, H.W. Kugel, B.P. LeBlanc, J.M. Canik, S. Diem, S.P.. Gerhardt, J. Hosea, S. Kaye, D. Mansfield, R. Maingi, J. Menard, S. F. Paul, R. Raman, S.A. Sabbagh, C.H. Skinner, V. Soukhanovskii, G. Taylor, and the NSTX Research Team
Homochiral 3D Metal-Organic Frameworks from Chiral 1D Rods: 6 � Way Helical Packing
The chiral 3D MOFs resulted from the packing of chiral 1D SBBs were studied. It was demonstrated that the final packing pattern is dependent on the dimension of SBB's. In addition, we were able to identify a new plywood-like network from ligand 2H2 exhibiting an unprecedented six-way chiral helical packing motif, which can be added on the list of invariant rod packings.
Shin, Sung M.; Moon, Dohyun; Jeong, Kyung S.; Kim, Jaheon; Thallapally, Praveen K.; Jeong, Nakcheol
New packing in absorption systems for trapping benzene from coke-oven gas
The efficiency of benzene removal from coke-oven gas in absorption units OAO Alchevskkoks with new packing is assessed.
V.V. Grabko; V.M. Li; T.A. Shevchenko; M.A. Solov'ev [Giprokoks, the State Institute for the Design of Coke-Industry Enterprises, Kharkov (Ukraine)
Better Lithium-Ion Batteries Are On The Way From Berkeley Lab
Lithium-Ion Batteries A Better Lithium-ion Battery on the Way Simulations Reveal How New Polymer Absorbs Eight Times the Lithium of Current Designs September 23, 2011 Paul Preuss,...
Synthesis and Characterization of Simultaneous Electronic and Ionic Conducting Block Copolymers for Lithium Battery Electrodes
9 Figure 1.9. Schematic of a traditional lithium-ion batterythan traditional lithium-ion battery batteries. OrganicBattery Design A lithium-ion battery consists of a negative
Patel, Shrayesh
Performance Characteristics of Lithium-ion Batteries of Various Chemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles
for vehicle applications. 2 Lithium-ion battery chemistriesThe lithium-ion battery technology used for consumerfrom EIG Figure 4: Lithium-ion battery modules for testing
Burke, Andrew; Miller, Marshall
Performance, Charging, and Second-use Considerations for Lithium Batteries for Plug-in Electric Vehicles
Miller, M. , Emerging Lithium-ion Battery Technologies forMid-size Full (1) Lithium-ion battery with an energy densitypresent study. The lithium-ion battery technology used for
Burke, Andrew
Solid state thin film battery having a high temperature lithium alloy anode
An improved rechargeable thin-film lithium battery involves the provision of a higher melting temperature lithium anode. Lithium is alloyed with a suitable solute element to elevate the melting point of the anode to withstand moderately elevated temperatures.
Hobson, David O. (Oak Ridge, TN)
High density packings of equal circles in rectangles with variable aspect ratio
Arranging a fixed number n of equal non-overlapping circles in a rectangle with variable aspect ratio is a non-standard packing problem. It arises if one has to decide how a certain number of circular items should be packed into a rectangular box when ... Keywords: Circle packing, Container design, Hexagonal grid, Rectangular container, Variable aspect ratio
E. Specht
Numerical analysis of the heat transfer for packing design of cryogenic gate valve
The packing, among the components comprising the gate valve, is used to sustain the airtightness and the study on change of shape or pattern has been carried out to maximize the functions, but the study on changing the location or the size of the packing ... Keywords: cryogenic, heat transfer, liquefied natural gas, numerical analysis, packing
Si Pom Kim; Rock Won Jeon; Il Ju Hwang; Jae Hoon Lee; Won Heaop Shin
Variational Calculations on the Lithium Atom The electronic structure of lithium is 1s22s1. The hydrogenic 1s and 2s orbitals are as follows
Variational Calculations on the Lithium Atom The electronic structure of lithium is 1s22s1 = If these orbitals are used the variational expression for the lithium atom energy is given below. Nuclear charge: Z 3:= Seed value for : Z:= Define variational integral for lithium: E ( ) 2 2 Z - 5 8 + 2 8 + Z 4
Rioux, Frank
Lithium 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidide and Lithium 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidide: Influence of TMEDA and Related
Lithium 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidide and Lithium 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidide: Influence,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP) and the conformationally locked (but otherwise isostructural) lithium 2 and conformational preferences of lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP) in the solid state studied by Lappert
Variational Calculations on the Lithium Atom The electronic structure of lithium is 1s 22s1. The hydrogenic 1s and 2s orbitals are as follows
Variational Calculations on the Lithium Atom The electronic structure of lithium is 1s 22s1 = If these orbitals are used the variational expression for the lithium atom energy is given below. Nuclear charge: Z 3:= Seed value for : Z:= Define variational integral for lithium: E ( ) 2 2 Z - 5 8 + 2 8 + Z 4
Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium
Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium Battery Electrodes Title Polymers with Tailored Electronic Structure for High Capacity Lithium Battery Electrodes Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2011 Authors Liu, Gao, Shidi Xun, Nenad Vukmirovic, Xiangyun Song, Paul Olalde-Velasco, Honghe Zheng, Vince S. Battaglia, Linwang Wang, and Wanli Yang Journal Advanced Materials Volume 23 Start Page 4679 Issue 40 Pagination 4679 - 4683 Date Published 10/2011 Keywords binders, conducting polymers, density funcational theory, lithium batteries, X-ray spectroscopy Abstract A conductive polymer is developed for solving the long-standing volume change issue in lithium battery electrodes. A combination of synthesis, spectroscopy and simulation techniques tailors the electronic structure of the polymer to enable in situ lithium doping. Composite anodes based on this polymer and commercial Si particles exhibit 2100 mAh g-1 in Si after 650 cycles without any conductive additive.
Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For
In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources Details Activities (8) Areas (4) Regions (0) Abstract: Lithium/magnesium, lithium/sodium, and to a lesser extent, potassium/magnesium ratios in calcium carbonate tufa columns provide a fingerprint for distinguishing tufa columns formed from thermal spring waters versus those formed from non-thermal spring waters. These ratios form the basis of the Mg/Li, Na/Li, and K/Mg fluid geothermometers commonly used in geothermal exploration, which are based on the fact that at elevated temperatures, due to mineral-fluid equilibria, lithium
Close-packed array of light emitting devices
A close-packed array of light emitting diodes includes a nonconductive substrate having a plurality of elongate channels extending therethrough from a first side to a second side, where each of the elongate channels in at least a portion of the substrate includes a conductive rod therein. The conductive rods have a density over the substrate of at least about 1,000 rods per square centimeter and include first conductive rods and second conductive rods. The close-packed array further includes a plurality of light emitting diodes on the first side of the substrate, where each light emitting diode is in physical contact with at least one first conductive rod and in electrical contact with at least one second conductive rod.
Ivanov, Ilia N.; Simpson, John T.
Internal states of model isotropic granular packings. III. Elastic properties
In this third and final paper of a series, elastic properties of numerically simulated isotropic packings of spherical beads assembled by different procedures and subjected to a varying confining pressure P are investigated. In addition P, which determines the stiffness of contacts by Hertz's law, elastic moduli are chiefly sensitive to the coordination number, the possible values of which are not necessarily correlated with the density. Comparisons of numerical and experimental results for glass beads in the 10kPa-10MPa range reveal similar differences between dry samples compacted by vibrations and lubricated packings. The greater stiffness of the latter, in spite of their lower density, can hence be attributed to a larger coordination number. Voigt and Reuss bounds bracket bulk modulus B accurately, but simple estimation schemes fail for shear modulus G, especially in poorly coordinated configurations under low P. Tenuous, fragile networks respond differently to changes in load direction, as compared to lo...
Agnolin, Ivana
A process is descrlbed for the production of methane and for the production of methane containing isotopes of hydrogen and/or carbon. Finely divided lithium hydrlde and litldum carbonate reactants are mixed in intimate contact and subsequently compacted under pressures of from 5000 to 60,000 psl. The compacted lithium hydride and lithium carbenate reactunts are dispised in a gas collecting apparatus. Subsequently, the compact is heated to a temperature in the range 350 to 400 deg C whereupon a solid-solid reaction takes place and gaseous methane is evolved. The evolved methane is contaminated with gaseous hydrogen and a very small amount of CO/sub 2/; however, the desired methane product is separated from sald impurities by well known chemical processes, e.g., condensation in a cold trap. The product methane contalns isotopes of carbon and hydrogen, the Isotopic composition being determined by the carbon isotopes originally present In the lithium carbonate and the hydrogen isotopes originally present in the lithium hydride.
Frazer, J.W.
Biomass growth restriction in a packed bed reactor
When carrying out continuous biologically catalyzed reactions with anaerobic microorganisms attached to a support in an upflow packed bed column, growth of the microorganisms is restricted to prevent the microorganisms from plugging the column by limiting the availability of an essential nutrient and/or by the presence of predatory protozoa which consume the anaerobic microorganisms. A membrane disruptive detergent may be provided in the column to lyse dead microorganisms to make them available as nutrients for live microorganisms.
Griffith, William L. (Oak Ridge, TN); Compere, Alicia L. (Knoxville, TN)
Layered carbon lattices and their influence on the nature of lithium bonding in lithium intercalated carbon anodes.
Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been used to investigate the nature of lithium bonding in stage 1 lithium intercalated carbon anodes. This has been approximated by using layered carbon lattices such as coronene, (C{sub 24}H{sub 12}),anthracene, and anthracene substituted with boron. With two coronene carbon lattices forming a sandwich structure and intercalated with either 2, 3, 4 or 6 six lithiums, it has been found that the predominant mode of bonding for the lithium is at the carbon edge sites as opposed to bonding at interior carbon hexagon sites. Formation of all structures is thermodynamically allowed except for the two lithium case in which there is repulsion between the lattices. The optimized structure with six lithiums gives a reasonable approximation for the stage 1 lithium intercalated carbon anode. In this case the lithium to carbon ratio is 1:8 versus 1:6 occurring in the stage 1 graphite. The coronene lattices are eclipsed with a separation of 4.03 {angstrom}. However, there is a slight ruffling of the lattice. Separation between adjacent lithiums is either 3.32 {angstrom} or 2.98 {angstrom}. Even though the separation between lithiums is very small, composition of the molecular orbitals suggests that there is no lithium cluster formation. The highest occupied molecular orbitals are composed of a combination of lithium and carbon orbitals. In contrast, in the C{sub 60} fullerene lattice with three and five lithiums intercalated, there are molecular orbitals composed only of lithiums, indicative of cluster formation. For anthracene and boron substituted anthracene, lithium bonding takes place within the carbon hexagon sites. The separation between lithiums in a sandwich type structure with two anthracenes in the eclipsed conformation is 5.36 {angstrom}. The effect of boron in a carbon lattice has been evaluated by comparing the difference in behavior of a single anthracene lattice reacting with a dilithium cluster as compared to a 1, 4, 5, 8-tetraboroanthracene lattice. The effect of boron substitution is to increases lattice flexibility by allowing the lattice to twist and lithium to bond at adjacent hexagon sites. The thermodynamic feasibility of the reaction between the dilithium cluster and the boron substituted anthracene lattice is enhanced.
Scanlon, L.G.
Lithium: Measurement of Young's Modulus and Yield Strength
The Lithium Collection Lens is used for anti-proton collection. In analyzing the structural behavior during operation, various material properties of lithium are often needed. properties such as density, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, specific heat, compressability, etc.; are well known. However, to the authors knowledge there is only one published source for Young's Modulus. This paper reviews the results from the testing of Young's Modulus and the yield strength of lithium at room temperature.
Ryan P Schultz
Solid lithium ion conducting electrolytes and methods of preparation
A composition comprised of nanoparticles of lithium ion conducting solid oxide material, wherein the solid oxide material is comprised of lithium ions, and at least one type of metal ion selected from pentavalent metal ions and trivalent lanthanide metal ions. Solution methods useful for synthesizing these solid oxide materials, as well as precursor solutions and components thereof, are also described. The solid oxide materials are incorporated as electrolytes into lithium ion batteries.
Narula, Chaitanya K; Daniel, Claus
Transition-metal oxides, sulphide and sulphur composites for lithium batteries.
??Lithium batteries are important energy storage systems and can make energy storage and usage more efficient than with previous solutions. Moreover, among the lithium batteries,� (more)
Lu, Lin
TransForum v8n2 - Advanced Lithium Battery Conference
lithium batteries for transportation applications, organizers from the U.S., Japan and Korea jointly initiated the conference. Among available battery technologies, lithium-ion...
Model for the Fabrication of Tailored Materials for Lithium-Ion...
Model for the Fabrication of Tailored Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries Technology available for licensing: Safe, stable and high-capacity cathodes for lithium-ion batteries...
Minimizing formation damage under adverse conditions during gravel pack operations
A method is described for minimizing formation damage caused by intrusive fluids prior to a gravel packing operation in loosely consolidated formations penetrated by at least one well comprising: (a) filling the casing of the well with an underbalanced completion fluid; (b) placing within the well a removable packer capable of isolating the space between the casing and the formation from the downhole well pressure; (c) setting through the packer a first tubing suitable for perforating and stabilizing the flow of fluids into the well; (d) perforating the casing; (e) introducing a blocking agent into the formation via the perforations which agent upon solidification is sufficient to minimize formation damage by avoiding the introduction of formation fluids where the agent is a gel; (f) causing the blocking agent to solidify while forming a solidified plug within the well and a solid mass within the adjacent washed out portion of the formation; (g) removing the first tubing from the well; (h) placing within the well a second tubing having a slotted portion therein sufficient to allow gravel packing of the well and the formation; (i) removing the solidified plug from the wellbore along with solidified gel from the washed-out portion of the formation; and (j) placing a gravel pack within the well and the washed-out portion of the formation via the second tubing which consolidates the formation.
Jennings, A.R. Jr.; Shu, P.
Biofiltration of isopentane in peat and compost packed beds
Commercially available biofiltration systems have used natural bioactive materials in packed beds due to low media cost and easy availability. Detailed understanding and modeling of biofiltration systems are lacking in existing literature. Experimental studies on the isopentane treatment in air using peat- and compost-packed beds were conducted with inlet isopentane concentrations of 360 to 960 ppmv, and empty-bed gas-phase residence times of 2 to 10 min. High removal efficiencies (>90%) were achieved at low contaminant concentrations (8 min). For both peat and compost biofilters, there was an optimal water content that gave the highest removal efficiency. For higher water content, mass transfer of isopentane through the liquid phase controlled the biofiltration removal efficiency. At low water content, irreversible changes in the bioactivity of peat and compost occurred, resulting in an irrecoverable loss of removal efficiency. Increases in biofilter bed temperature from 25 to 40 C improved the removal efficiency. A mathematical model incorporating the effect of water content and temperature was developed to describe the packed-bed biofilter performance. Model predictions agreed closely with experimental data.
Wang, Z.; Govind, R. [Univ. of Cincinnati, OH (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Anodes Improve Safety and Performance in Lithium-ion Batteries ...
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have become the battery of choice for everything from cell phones to electric cars, but there is still much room ...
CUBICON Materials that Outperform Lithium-Ion Batteries
and high-energy system applications has resulted in substantial research and development activities. Lithium-ion batteries are a chief contender ...
Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries.
??With the rapid development of portable electronics, hybrid-electric and electric cars, there is great interest in utilization of sulfur as cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries.� (more)
Zhao, Yan
High Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Characterization for Vehicular Applications.
?? A lithium-ion battery is one of the key research topics in energy storage technologies. Major characterization tests such as static capacity, open circuit voltage� (more)
Ahmed, Sazzad Hossain
How use nanostructured materials effectively in rechargeable lithium ...
Presentation Title, How use nanostructured materials effectively in rechargeable lithium/sulfur battery. Author(s), Sheng Shui Zhang. On-Site Speaker (Planned)�...
Lithium-Ion Batteries: When Mechanics Meets Chemistry
Symposium, Fatigue and Fracture of Thin Films and Nanomaterials. Presentation Title, Lithium-Ion Batteries: When Mechanics Meets Chemistry. Author(s), Joost�...
Experimental Cell for Neutron Reflection on Lithium Manganese ...
Presentation Title, Experimental Cell for Neutron Reflection on Lithium Manganese Oxide to Study the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface. Author(s), Brian Kitchen.
Structural micro-porous carbon anode for rechargeable lithium ...
A secondary battery having a rechargeable lithium-containing anode, a cathode and a separator positioned between the cathode and anode with an organic ...
High Energy Density Lithium Capacitors Using Carbon-Carbon ...
We demonstrate a lithium capacitor which is capable of achieving high energy ... 3D Nanostructured Bicontinuous Electrodes: Path to Ultra-High Power and�...
High Power Performance Lithium Ion Battery - Energy Innovation Portal
... �Optimization of Acetylene Black Conductive Additive and Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composition for high Power Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cells,� The 211th ...
Simple Lithium Is Good For Many Surprises | Advanced Photon Source
and even superconductivity at 17K. Nevertheless, the overall picture of the lithium phase diagram remained patchy, motivating a systematic study by researchers from The...
Solid-State Reaction Synthesis and Mechanism of Lithium Silicates
Lithium silicates, Li4SiO4 and Li2SiO3, are recommended by many ITER research teams as the first�...
Overcharge Protection for 4 V Lithium Batteries at High Rates ...
Overcharge Protection for 4 V Lithium Batteries at High Rates ... chloroform and casting the solution onto a stainless steel mesh cur- ... Thermotron Industries, Inc. .
Nanostructured Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries - Energy ...
New Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries Increase Energy Density Four-Fold Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (SRNS), managing contractor of the Savannah River Site (SRS ...
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have become the battery of choice for everything from cell phones to electric cars, but there is still much room for improvement.
Students race lithium ion battery powered cars in Pantex competition...
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
skip to the main content Facebook Flickr RSS Twitter YouTube Students race lithium ion battery powered cars in Pantex competition | National Nuclear Security Administration Our...
NIST: Neutron Imaging of Lithium and Alkaline Batteries
... the figure are tomographic slices through two different AA batteries after the ... imaging has been used to study a wound prismatic lithium-ion battery. ...
Solid Electrolyte Developed for Safer Lithium-Ion Batteries
Feb 19, 2013 ... Today's lithium-ion batteries rely on a liquid electrolyte to conduct ions between the negatively charged anode and positive cathode.
Mar 5, 2013 ... Since lithium sources are concentrated in only few countries and sodium is available worldwide, there is interest to develop a Na-ion battery�...
Lithium-Ion Batteries: Examining Material Demand and Recycling...
ISSUES Linda Gaines and Paul Nelson Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL Keywords: battery materials, lithium, recycling Abstract Use of vehicles with electric drive, which...
Observation of Lithium Ions at Atomic Resolution Using an ...
Presentation Title, Observation of Lithium Ions at Atomic Resolution Using an ... at atomic resolution in several important electrode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Nuclear Magnetism and Superconductivity: Investigations on Lithium and Rhodium.
??This thesis describes low temperature experiments on lithium. The experiments concentrate on investigating low temperature phase transitions of two subsystems in this metal: its nuclear� (more)
Juntunen, Kirsi
Nuclear magnetism and superconductivity : investigations on lithium and rhodium.
Global Lithium Availability: A Constraint for Electric Vehicles.
??There is disagreement on whether the supply of lithium is adequate to support a future global fleet of electric vehicles. We report a comprehensive analysis� (more)
Medina, Pablo
Novel Electrolyte Enables Stable Graphite Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries
Berkeley Lab researchers led by Gao Liu have developed an improved lithium ion battery electrolyte containing a solvent that remains liquid at typical ...
Available Technologies: Lithium / Sulfur Cells with Long Cycle ...
A team of Berkeley Lab battery researchers led by Elton Cairns has invented an advanced lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cell that, for the first time, offers ...
Nanostructured Sulfur Electrodes for Long-Life Lithium Batteries
Berkeley Lab researcher Elton Cairns has developed a technology that addresses limitations of developing a commercial-grade lithium / sulfur battery. ...
Negative Electrodes Improve Safety in Lithium Cells and Batteries
To help improve the stability and safety of lithium-ion batteries, Argonne researchers have developed a new intermetallic structure type that can be ...
NREL Evaluates Secondary Uses for Lithium Ion Vehicle Batteries
NREL Evaluates Secondary Uses for Lithium Ion Vehicle Batteries ... of PHEVs and EVs is limited by the current high cost of Li-ion batteries.
Nanotube composite anode materials improve lithium-ion battery ...
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are a critical technology for many applications, ... while simultaneously providing enhanced stability at a lower c ...
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Materials for Fast Charging and ...
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Materials for Fast Charging and Improved Safety Technology Summary ... a great low cost substitute for cobalt, were
Surface-Modified Active Materials for Lithium Ion Battery ...
Berkeley Lab researcher Gao Liu has developed a new fabrication technique for lithium ion battery electrodes that lowers binder cost without ...
cell (Altairnano data) Battery cost considerations It is ofnot dominate the total battery cost. Note that in generala detailed lithium battery cost model that is applicable to
Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications...
In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper:...
Hybrid Aluminum-Lithium Ion Battery having Enhanced Power Density
Hybrid Aluminum-Lithium Ion Battery having Enhanced Power Density Note: The technology described above is an early stage opportunity. Licensing rights to this ...
Neutron Imaging Reveals Lithium Distribution - ORNL Neutron Sciences
imaging instrument at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) have successfully mapped the three-dimensional spatial distribution of lithium...
Available Technologies: High Power Performance Lithium Ion Battery
Cell 1, which has the highest binder (PVDF) to acetylene black ratio, displays the most favorable discharge ASI. Lithium ion batteries with high power ...
Lithium Diffusion in Graphitic Carbon and Implications for the...
Carbon and Implications for the Rate Capability of Anodes Title Lithium Diffusion in Graphitic Carbon and Implications for the Rate Capability of Anodes Publication Type Journal...
"Stationary Flowing Liquid Lithium System For Pumping Out Atomic...
Stationary Flowing Liquid Lithium System For Pumping Out Atomic Hydrogen Isotopes and Ions" Leonid E. Zakharov and Charles Gentile The system is comprised of a stationary closed...
Edge Turbulence Velocity Changes with Lithium Coating on NSTX
Lithium coating improves energy confinement and eliminates edge localized modes in NSTX, but the mechanism of this improvement is not yet well understood. We used the gas-puff-imaging (GPI) diagnostic on NSTX to measure the changes in edge turbulence which occurred during a scan with variable lithium wall coating, in order to help understand the reason for the confinement improvement with lithium. There was a small increase in the edge turbulence poloidal velocity and a decrease in the poloidal velocity fluctuation level with increased lithium. The possible effect of varying edge neutral density on turbulence damping was evaluated for these cases in NSTX. __________________________________________________
A. Cao, S.J. Zweben, D.P. Stotler, M. Bell, A. Diallo, S.M. Kaye and B. LeBlanc
Calorimetric Studies of Lithium Ion Cells and Their Constructing ...
Commercial Lithium-ion pouch cells, several types of 18650 cylindrical cells and coin cells were cycled at different charge and discharge rates. Heat capacities�...
Directions to Argonne National Laboratory The 6th International Conference on Advanced Lithium Batteries for Automotive Applications will be held at the U.S. Department of Energy's...
Improved Lithium-Loaded Liquid Scintillators for Neutron Detection
A liquid scintillator with a substantially increased lithium weight was developed byORNL researchers. Scintillators are widely used for the detection ...
Argonne CNM News: Hollow Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Lithium...
Hollow Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications Hollow iron oxide nanoparticles Transmission electron micrograph of hollow iron oxide nanoparticles....
Vacuum Attachment for Collection of Lithium Powder ---- Inventor...
Vacuum Attachment for Collection of Lithium Powder ---- Inventor(s) Hans Schneider and Stephan Jurczynski The Vacuum Attachment is part of an integrated system designed to collect...
Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries: A...
Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries: A New Synthetic Approach Technology available for licensing: New high-energy cathode materials for use in rechargeable...
Novel Redox Shuttles for Overcharge Protection of Lithium-Ion...
Novel Redox Shuttles for Overcharge Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries Technology available for licensing: Electrolytes containing novel redox shuttles (electron transporters) for...
Intermetallic Electrodes Improve Safety and Performance in Lithium...
Intermetallic Electrodes Improve Safety and Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries Technology available for licensing: A new class of intermetallic material that can be used as a...
Surface Modification Agents for Lithium-Ion Batteries | Argonne...
Surface Modification Agents for Lithium-Ion Batteries Technology available for licensing: A process to modify the surface of the active material used in an electrochemical device...
Novel Redox Shuttles for Overcharge Protection of Lithium-Ion ...
Increases the safety of lithium-ion batteries; ... Electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles; Portable electronic devices; Medical devices; and
Materials and Processing for Lithium-Ion Batteries (Originally
... safe and reliable lithium ion batteries will soon be on board hybrid electric and electric vehicles and connected to solar cells and windmills. However, safety of�...
The 2nd International Symposium on Lithium Applications for Fusion...
Princeton, New Jersey, USA The 2nd International Symposium on Lithium Applications for Fusion devices The purpose of this symposium is to bring together scientists and engineers...
Deuterium Uptake in Magnetic Fusion Devices with Lithium Conditioned...
Deuterium Uptake in Magnetic Fusion Devices with Lithium Conditioned Carbon Walls American Fusion News Category: U.S. Universities Link: Deuterium Uptake in Magnetic Fusion Devices...
Performance Testing 10 FY07 Testing Results 11 FY07 EnergyCS Prius - UDDS Fuel Use * 9 kWh Valence lithium pack - AC kWh EnergyCS PHEV Prius MPG & kWh - UDDS Testing 0 10 20 30...
Batteries - Beyond Lithium Ion Breakout session
BEYOND LITHIUM ION BREAKOUT BEYOND LITHIUM ION BREAKOUT Breakout Session #1 - Discussion of Performance Targets and Barriers Comments on the Achievability of the Targets * 1 - Zn-Air possible either w/ or w/o electric-hybridization; also possible with a solid electrolyte variant * 2 - Multivalent systems (e.g Mg), potentially needing hybrid-battery * 3 - Advanced Li-ion with hybridization @ cell / molecular level for high-energy and high- power * 4 - MH-air, Li-air, Li-S, all show promise * 5 - High-energy density (e.g. Na-metal ) flow battery can meet power and energy goals * 6 - Solid-state batteries (all types) * 7 - New cathode chemistries (beyond S) to increase voltage * 8 - New high-voltage non-flammable electrolytes (both li-ion and beyond li-ion) * 9 - Power to energy ratio of >=12 needed for fast charge (10 min) So liquid refill capable
Manganese oxide composite electrodes for lithium batteries
An activated electrode for a non-aqueous electrochemical cell is disclosed with a precursor thereof a lithium metal oxide with the formula xLi.sub.2MnO.sub.3.(1-x)LiMn.sub.2-yM.sub.yO.sub.4 for 0.5lithium and lithia, from the precursor. A cell and battery are also disclosed incorporating the disclosed positive electrode.
Johnson, Christopher S. (Naperville, IL); Kang, Sun-Ho (Naperville, IL); Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL)
An activated electrode for a non-aqueous electrochemical cell is disclosed with a precursor of a lithium metal oxide with the formula xLi.sub.2MnO.sub.3.(1-x)LiMn.sub.2-yM.sub.yO.sub.4 for 0lithium and lithia, from the precursor. A cell and battery are also disclosed incorporating the disclosed positive electrode.
Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Johnson, Christopher S. (Naperville, IL); Li, Naichao (Croton on Hudson, NY)
Small thin-film rechargeable cells have been fabricated with a lithium phosphorus oxyniuide electrolyte, Li metal anode, and Li{sub 1-x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} as the cathode film. The cathode films were fabricated by several different techniques resulting in both crystalline and amorphous films. These were compared by observing the cell discharge behavior. Estimates have been made for the scale-up of such a thin-film battery to meet the specifications for the electric vehicle application. The specific energy, energy density, and cycle life are expected to meet the USABC mid-term criteria. However, the areas of the thin-films needed to fabricate such a cell are very large. The required areas could be greatly reduced by operating the battery at temperatures near 100{degrees}C or by enhancing the lithium ion transport rate in the cathode material.
Dudney, N.J.; Bates, J.B.; Lubben, D.
Phosphate-stabilized Lithium intercalation compounds
Four manganese and iron phosphates with alluaudite or fillowite structures have been prepared by solid state reactions: Na2FeMn2(PO4)3, LiNaFeMn2(PO4)3, NaFe3(PO4)3, and Na2Mn3(PO4)3. LixNa2-xFeMn2(PO4)3 with x close to 2 was prepared from Na2FeMn2(PO4)3 by molten salt ion exchange. These materials are similar in stoichiometry to the phospho-olivines LiFe(Mn)PO4, but have a more complex structure that can accommodate mixed transition metal oxidation states. They are of interest as candidates for lithium battery cathodes because of their somewhat higher electronic conductivity, high intercalant ion mobility, and ease of preparation. Their performance as intercalation electrodes in non-aqueous lithium cells was, however, poor.
Multidimensional X-Ray Spectroscopy of Valence and Core Excitations in Cysteine
Several nonlinear spectroscopy experiments which employ broadband x-ray pulses to probe the coupling between localized core and delocalized valence excitation are simulated for the amino acid cysteine at the K-edges of oxygen and nitrogen and the K and L-edges of sulfur. We focus on two dimensional (2D) and 3D signals generated by two- and three-pulse stimulated x-ray Raman spectroscopy (SXRS) with frequency-dispersed probe. We show how the four-pulse x-ray signals $\\boldsymbol{k}_\\mathrm{I}=-\\boldsymbol{k}_1+\\boldsymbol{k}_2+\\boldsymbol{k}_3$ and $\\boldsymbol{k}_\\mathrm{II}=\\boldsymbol{k}_1-\\boldsymbol{k}_2+\\boldsymbol{k}_3$ can give new 3D insight into the SXRS signals. The coupling between valence- and core-excited states can be visualized in three dimensional plots, revealing the origin of the polarizability that controls the simpler pump-probe SXRS signals.
Jason D. Biggs; Yu Zhang; Daniel Healion; Shaul Mukamel
Technical Specification for a Transportable Lithium-Ion Energy Storage System for Grid Support Using Commercially Available Lithium- Ion Technology
The impressive global scale of lithium-ion battery production and investment in R&D is driving cost reduction and performance improvements that could make lithium-ion technology desirable for certain grid-scale storage applications in the near term. Although many stationary grid market applications can be configured using lithium-ion batteries, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) research identified a 1-MW, 2-hour containerized substation grid support storage system as a key electric utility product...
High expansion, lithium corrosion resistant sealing glasses
Glass compositions containing CaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, SrO and BaO in various combinations of mole % are provided. These compositions are capable of forming stable glass-to-metal seals with pin materials of 446 Stainless Steel and Alloy-52 rather than molybdenum, for use in harsh chemical environments, specifically in lithium batteries.
Brow, Richard K. (Albuquerque, NM); Watkins, Randall D. (Albuquerque, NM)
Nanostructures and Lithium Electrochemical Reactivity of Lithium Titanites and Titanium Oxides: A Review
Being inherently safe and chemically compatible with the electrolyte, titanium oxidebased materials, including both Li-titanites and various TiO2-polymorphs, are considered alternatives to carbonaceous anodes in Li-ion batteries. Given the commercial success of the spinel lithium titanites, TiO2-polymorphs, in particular in nanostructured forms, have been fabricated and investigated for the applications. Nanostructuring leads to increased reaction areas, shortened Li+ diffusion and potentially enhanced solubility/capacity. Integration with an electron conductive second phase into the TiO2-based nanostructures eases the electron transport, resulting in further improved lithium electrochemical activity and the overall electrochemical performance. This paper reviews structural characteristics and Li-electrochemical reactivity, along with synthetic approaches, of nanostructures and nano-composites based on lithium titanites and TiO2-polymorphs that include rutile, anatase, bronze and brookite.
Yang, Zhenguo; Choi, Daiwon; Kerisit, Sebastien N.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Wang, Donghai; Zhang, Jiguang; Graff, Gordon L.; Liu, J.
Valence calculation of the electric polarizability on nHYP-Clover ensembles
We present preliminary calculations for the electric polarizability of the neutral pion and neutron on three dynamically generated nHYP-Clover ensembles. We use two different pion masses ($m_{\\pi} \\simeq 300$ and 220 MeV) to gauge the chiral behavior. The effects of partial quenching are analyzed by computing a string of partial quenched valence masses for each ensemble. We also analyzed the volume dependence using elongated lattices, where the elongation is in the direction of the electric field.
Michael Lujan; Andrei Alexandru; Walter Freeman; Frank Lee
Entangled valence electron-hole dynamics revealed by stimulated attosecond x-ray Raman scattering
We show that broadband x-ray pulses can create wavepackets of valence electrons and holes localized in the vicinity of a selected atom (nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur in cysteine) by resonant stimulated Raman scattering. The subsequent dynamics reveals highly correlated motions of entangled electrons and hole quasiparticles. This information goes beyond the time-dependent total charge density derived from x-ray diffraction.
Healion, Daniel; Zhang, Yu; Biggs, Jason D.; Govind, Niranjan; Mukamel, Shaul
Gel electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries.
The electrochemical performance of gel electrolytes based on crosslinked poly[ethyleneoxide-co-2-(2-methoxyethyoxy)ethyl glycidyl ether-co-allyl glycidyl ether] was investigated using graphite/Li{sub 1.1}[Ni{sub 1/3}Mn{sub 1/3}Co{sub 1/3}]{sub 0.9}O{sub 2} lithium-ion cells. It was found that the conductivity of the crosslinked gel electrolytes was as high as 5.9 mS/cm at room temperature, which is very similar to that of the conventional organic carbonate liquid electrolytes. Moreover, the capacity retention of lithium-ion cells comprising gel electrolytes was also similar to that of cells with conventional electrolytes. Despite of the high conductivity of the gel electrolytes, the rate capability of lithium-ion cells comprising gel electrolytes is inferior to that of the conventional cells. The difference was believed to be caused by the poor wettability of gel electrolytes on the electrode surfaces.
Chen, Z.; Zhang, L. Z.; West, R.; Amine, K.; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division; Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison
Chemical overcharge protection of lithium and lithium-ion secondary batteries
This invention features the use of redox reagents, dissolved in non-aqueous electrolytes, to provide overcharge protection for cells having lithium metal or lithium-ion negative electrodes (anodes). In particular, the invention features the use of a class of compounds consisting of thianthrene and its derivatives as redox shuttle reagents to provide overcharge protection. Specific examples of this invention are thianthrene and 2,7-diacetyl thianthrene. One example of a rechargeable battery in which 2,7-diacetyl thianthrene is used has carbon negative electrode (anode) and spinet LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} positive electrode (cathode). 8 figs.
Abraham, K.M.; Rohan, J.F.; Foo, C.C.; Pasquariello, D.M.
This invention features the use of redox reagents, dissolved in non-aqueous electrolytes, to provide overcharge protection for cells having lithium metal or lithium-ion negative electrodes (anodes). In particular, the invention features the use of a class of compounds consisting of thianthrene and its derivatives as redox shuttle reagents to provide overcharge protection. Specific examples of this invention are thianthrene and 2,7-diacetyl thianthrene. One example of a rechargeable battery in which 2,7-diacetyl thianthrene is used has carbon negative electrode (anode) and spinet LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4 positive electrode (cathode).
Abraham, Kuzhikalail M. (Needham, MA); Rohan, James F. (Cork City, IE); Foo, Conrad C. (Dedham, MA); Pasquariello, David M. (Pawtucket, RI)
Masses of mesons with charm valence quarks from 2+1+1 flavor twisted mass lattice QCD
We present preliminary results of an ongoing lattice QCD computation of the spectrum of $D$ mesons and $D_s$ mesons and of charmonium using 2+1+1 flavors of twisted mass sea and valence quarks.
Martin Kalinowski; Marc Wagner
Thin film method of conducting lithium-ions
The present invention relates to the composition of a solid lithium-ion electrolyte based on the Li{sub 2}O-CeO{sub 2}-SiO{sub 2} system having good transparent characteristics and high ion conductivity suitable for uses in lithium batteries, electrochromic devices and other electrochemical applications. 12 figs.
Atomic resolution of Lithium Ions in LiCoO
LiCoO2 is the most common lithium storage material for lithium rechargeable batteries, used widely to power portable electronic devices such as laptop computers. Lithium arrangements in the CoO2 framework have a profound effect on the structural stability and electrochemical properties of LixCoO2 (0 < x < 1), however, probing lithium ions has been difficult using traditional X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. Here we have succeeded in simultaneously resolving columns of cobalt, oxygen, and lithium atoms in layered LiCoO2 battery material using experimental focal series of LiCoO2 images obtained at sub-Angstrom resolution in a mid-voltage transmission electron microscope. Lithium atoms are the smallest and lightest metal atoms, and scatter electrons only very weakly. We believe our observations of lithium to be the first by electron microscopy, and that they show promise to direct visualization of the ordering of lithium and vacancy in LixCoO2.
Shao-Horn, Yang; Croguennec, Laurence; Delmas, Claude; Nelson, Chris; O' Keefe, Michael A.
Liquid surface skimmer apparatus for molten lithium and method
This invention relates to an apparatus for separating two fluids having different specific gravities. The invention also relates to a method for using the separating apparatus of the present invention. This invention particularly relates to the skimming of molten lithium metal from the surface of a fused salt electrolyte in the electrolytic production of lithium metal from a mixed fused salt.
Robinson, Samuel C. (Knoxville, TN); Pollard, Roy E. (Maryville, TN); Thompson, William F. (Oak Ridge, TN); Stark, Marshall W. (Gastonia, NC); Currin, Jr., Robert T. (Salisbury, NC)
Description: Lithium batteries are used daily in our work
with batteries from the same package or with the same expiration date. Avoid at all costs batteries that haveDescription: Lithium batteries are used daily in our work activities from flashlights, cell phones containing one SureFire 3-volt non-rechargeable 123 lithium battery and one Interstate 3-volt non
Packing microstructure and local density variations of experimental and computational pebble beds
In pebble bed type nuclear reactors the fuel is contained in graphite pebbles, which form a randomly stacked bed with a non-uniform packing density. These variations can influence local coolant flow and power density and are a possible cause of hotspots. To analyse local density variations computational methods are needed that can generate randomly stacked pebble beds with a realistic packing structure on a pebble-to-pebble level. We first compare various properties of the local packing structure of a computed bed with those of an image made using computer aided X-ray tomography, looking at properties in the bulk of the bed and near the wall separately. Especially for the bulk of the bed, properties of the computed bed show good comparison with the scanned bed and with literature, giving confidence our method generates beds with realistic packing microstructure. Results also show the packing structure is different near the wall than in the bulk of the bed, with pebbles near the wall forming ordered layers similar to hexagonal close packing. Next, variations in the local packing density are investigated by comparing probability density functions of the packing fraction of small clusters of pebbles throughout the bed. Especially near the wall large variations in local packing fractions exists, with a higher probability for both clusters of pebbles with low (0.65) packing fraction, which could significantly affect flow rates and, together with higher power densities, could result in hotspots. (authors)
Auwerda, G. J.; Kloosterman, J. L.; Lathouwers, D.; Van Der Hagen, T. H. J. J. [Delft Univ. of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft (Netherlands)
Free volume distribution of nearly jammed hard sphere packings
We calculate the free volume distributions of nearly jammed packings of monodisperse and bidisperse hard sphere configurations. These distributions differ qualitatively from those of the fluid, displaying a power law tail at large free volumes, which constitutes a distinct signature of nearly jammed configurations, persisting for moderate degrees of decompression. We reproduce and explain the observed distribution by considering the pair correlation function within the first coordination shell for jammed hard sphere configurations. We analyze features of the equation of state near jamming, and discuss the significance of observed asphericities of the free volumes to the equation of state.
Moumita Maiti; Srikanth Sastry
Lithium aluminum/iron sulfide battery having lithium aluminum and silicon as negative electrode
A method of making a negative electrode, the electrode made thereby and a secondary electrochemical cell using the electrode. Silicon powder is mixed with powdered electroactive material, such as the lithium-aluminum eutectic, to provide an improved electrode and cell.
Gilbert, Marian (Flossmoor, IL); Kaun, Thomas D. (New Lenox, IL)
Toxicity of materials used in the manufacture of lithium batteries
The growing interest in battery systems has led to major advances in high-energy and/or high-power-density lithium batteries. Potential applications for lithium batteries include radio transceivers, portable electronic instrumentation, emergency locator transmitters, night vision devices, human implantable devices, as well as uses in the aerospace and defense programs. With this new technology comes the use of new solvent and electrolyte systems in the research, development, and production of lithium batteries. The goal is to enhance lithium battery technology with the use of non-hazardous materials. Therefore, the toxicity and health hazards associated with exposure to the solvents and electrolytes used in current lithium battery research and development is evaluated and described.
Archuleta, M.M.
China Lithium Energy Electric Vehicle Investment Group CLEEVIG | Open
Investment Group CLEEVIG Investment Group CLEEVIG Jump to: navigation, search Name China Lithium Energy Electric Vehicle Investment Group (CLEEVIG) Place Beijing, China Zip 100101 Product Beijing-based investment company with a focus on Electric Vehicle R&D. References China Lithium Energy Electric Vehicle Investment Group (CLEEVIG)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. China Lithium Energy Electric Vehicle Investment Group (CLEEVIG) is a company located in Beijing, China . References ↑ "[ China Lithium Energy Electric Vehicle Investment Group (CLEEVIG)]" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=China_Lithium_Energy_Electric_Vehicle_Investment_Group_CLEEVIG&oldid=343507
Two Studies Reveal Details of Lithium-Battery Function
Two Studies Reveal Details of Lithium-Battery Function Print Two Studies Reveal Details of Lithium-Battery Function Print Our way of life is deeply intertwined with battery technologies that have enabled a mobile revolution powering cell phones, laptops, medical devices, and cars. As conventional lithium-ion batteries approach their theoretical energy-storage limits, new technologies are emerging to address the long-term energy-storage improvements needed for mobile systems, electric vehicles in particular. Battery performance depends on the dynamics of evolving electronic and chemical states that, despite advances in material synthesis and structural probes, remain elusive and largely unexplored. At Beamlines 8.0.1 and 9.3.2, researchers studied lithium-ion and lithium-air batteries, respectively, using soft x-ray spectroscopy techniques. The detailed information they obtained about the evolution of electronic and chemical states will be indispensable for understanding and optimizing better battery materials.
A Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries
A Better Anode Design to Improve A Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries A Better Anode Design to Improve Lithium-Ion Batteries Print Friday, 23 March 2012 13:53 Lithium-ion batteries are in smart phones, laptops, most other consumer electronics, and the newest electric cars. Good as these batteries are, the need for energy storage in batteries is surpassing current technologies. In a lithium-ion battery, charge moves from the cathode to the anode, a critical component for storing energy. A team of Berkeley Lab scientists has designed a new kind of anode that absorbs eight times the lithium of current designs, and has maintained its greatly increased energy capacity after more than a year of testing and many hundreds of charge-discharge cycles. Cyclical Science Succeeds
1 Kinetics of Initial Lithiation of Crystalline Silicon Electrodes of 2 Lithium-Ion Batteries
1 Kinetics of Initial Lithiation of Crystalline Silicon Electrodes of 2 Lithium-Ion Batteries 3 the lithiated silicon phase. 20 KEYWORDS: Lithium-ion batteries, silicon, kinetics, plasticity 21 Lithium-ion by the National Science Foundation 648through a grant on Lithium-ion Batteries (CMMI-1031161). 649This work
Liu, X. Shirley
Stochastic model of lithium ion conduction in poly,,ethylene oxide... L. Gitelman,1
as described above. III. THE CONDUCTIVITY The basic electrochemistry of the lithium ion battery in- volves only the transfer of lithium ions between the two insertion electrodes. Typical lithium ion battery consistsStochastic model of lithium ion conduction in poly,,ethylene oxide... L. Gitelman,1 A. Averbuch,2,a
Averbuch, Amir
Local Electromechanical Response at a Single Ferroelectric Domain Wall in Lithium Niobate
Local Electromechanical Response at a Single Ferroelectric Domain Wall in Lithium Niobate DAVID A electromechanical response across a single ferroelectric domain wall in congruent lithium niobate at room in the crystal, which interact with the domain wall. I. INTRODUCTION FERROELECTRIC lithium niobate and lithium
Measurement of lithium isotope ratios by quadrupole-ICP-MS: application to seawater and natural carbonates
Measurement of lithium isotope ratios by quadrupole-ICP-MS: application to seawater and natural method for lithium isotope ratio (7 Li/6 Li) determinations with low total lithium consumption ( lithium from all matrix elements using small volume resin (2 ml/3.4 meq AG 50W-X8) and low volume elution
Weston, Ken
17 Years of Lithium Brown Dwarfs 10/21/12Ringberg Brown Dwarfs 1
17 Years of Lithium Brown Dwarfs 10/21/12Ringberg Brown Dwarfs 1 #12;The Keck Search for Lithium 10/21/12Ringberg Brown Dwarfs 2 Lithium was not seen in objects which should have been comfortably into the brown "lithium dating". This adjustment in age meant that the inferred mass of PPl 15 rose to near the substellar
Joergens, Viki
Optimization of lithium target for epithermal neutrons generation B. Bayanov, V. Belov, V. Kindyukb
Optimization of lithium target for epithermal neutrons generation B. Bayanov, V. Belov, V. Kindyukb of the facility is lithium target, that produces neutrons via threshold 7 Li(p,n)7 Be reaction at 25 kW proton carrier flow and lithium layer temperature are shown. Calculation showed that the lithium target could run
Taskaev, Sergey Yur'evich
Lithium Ethylene Dicarbonate Identified as the Primary Product of Chemical and Electrochemical Reduction of EC in EC:EMC/1.2M LiPF6 Electrolyte
spectrum of synthetic lithium ethylene dicarbonate. Figureformula and structure of lithium ethylene dicarbonate (A)efficiency (Q a /Q c ) for lithium deposition on the Ni
Zhuang, Guorong V.; Xu, Kang; Yang, Hui; Jow, T. Richard; Ross Jr., Philip N.
Long life lithium batteries with stabilized electrodes
The present invention relates to non-aqueous electrolytes having electrode stabilizing additives, stabilized electrodes, and electrochemical devices containing the same. Thus the present invention provides electrolytes containing an alkali metal salt, a polar aprotic solvent, and an electrode stabilizing additive. In some embodiments the additives include a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic or spirocyclic hydrocarbon containing at least one oxygen atom and at least one alkenyl or alkynyl group. When used in electrochemical devices with, e.g., lithium manganese oxide spinel electrodes or olivine or carbon-coated olivine electrodes, the new electrolytes provide batteries with improved calendar and cycle life.
Amine, Khalil (Downers Grove, IL); Liu, Jun (Naperville, IL); Vissers, Donald R. (Naperville, IL); Lu, Wenquan (Darien, IL)
Surface modifications for carbon lithium intercalation anodes
A prefabricated carbon anode containing predetermined amounts of passivating film components is assembled into a lithium-ion rechargeable battery. The modified carbon anode enhances the reduction of the irreversible capacity loss during the first discharge of a cathode-loaded cell. The passivating film components, such as Li.sub.2 O and Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3, of a predetermined amount effective for optimal passivation of carbon, are incorporated into carbon anode materials to produce dry anodes that are essentially free of battery electrolyte prior to battery assembly.
Tran, Tri D. (Livermore, CA); Kinoshita, Kimio (Cupertino, CA)